The result is overcrowded amphitheatres, and a high drop-out rate.
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The spectacular 7,234-yard layout offers superb viewing for fans with grassy banks flanking the fairways and most greens set in natural amphitheatres.
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But a man with pale skin was considered unmasculine: bronzed skin was associated with the heroes who fought on battlefields and competed as athletes, naked, in amphitheatres.
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This was true of the early-seventeenth-century theatre, when, as playgoing moved indoors, away from the giant popular amphitheatres, the special effects got more elaborate and the drama got more daring.
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Taking cues from sources as diverse as the Spanish corrales and the ancient Greek amphitheatres, each would aim to consign the cramped and creaking auditoria of London's airless West End playhouses to history.
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But in the U.S., during the next fifteen years, the live business turned inward, to the giant rock tours of the eighties and nineties, as new arenas and amphitheatres were built to hold tens of thousands.
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The third and fourth holes have steep banks in front of the greens and the natural amphitheatres offer fans the chance to watch on as seasoned tour professionals get punished severely for any misreads of the putting line.
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With only four holes ever in play at one time, it made for huge crowds following the action, though others camped out at some of the best viewing holes, many surrounded by huge grassy banks that created natural amphitheatres and a perfect viewing experience on a warm but windy day.
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The next-largest seat capacity theatre in the United States is the San Manuel Amphitheater in California, housing 10,900 seats. For a list of other amphitheatres see: List of contemporary amphitheatres.
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Bomgardner, 37. The earliest Roman amphitheatres date from the middle of the first century BCE, but most were built under Imperial rule, from the Augustan period (27 BCE–14 CE) onwards.Bomgardner, 59. Imperial amphitheatres were built throughout the Roman empire; the largest could accommodate 40,000–60,000 spectators.
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The Colosseum, the largest amphitheatre ever built, and a most popular tourist attraction Roman amphitheatres are Roman theatres – large, circular or oval open-air venues with raised seating – built by the ancient Romans. They were used for events such as gladiator combats, venationes (animal slayings) and executions. About 230 Roman amphitheatres have been found across the area of the Roman Empire. Early amphitheatres date from the Republican period, though they became more monumental during the Imperial era.
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In the Imperial era, amphitheatres became an integral part of the Roman urban landscape. As cities vied with each other for preeminence in civic buildings, amphitheatres became ever more monumental in scale and ornamentation. Imperial amphitheatres comfortably accommodated 40,000–60,000 spectators, or up to 100,000 in the largest venues, and were only outdone by the hippodromes in seating capacity. They featured multi-storeyed, arcaded façades and were elaborately decorated with marble and stucco cladding, statues and reliefs, or even partially made of marble.
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Metal studs were introduced to the thongs to make the cestus. Fighting events were held at Roman Amphitheatres.
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Bomgardner, 221. After the end of venationes, the only remaining purpose of amphitheatres was to be the place of public executions and punishments. After even this purpose dwindled away, many amphitheatres fell into disrepair and were gradually dismantled for building material, razed to make way for newer buildings, or vandalized.Bomgardner, 223.
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Currently there are plans to refurbish the area to its former glory through erections of amphitheatres and permanent performance stages.
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Other notable Roman amphitheatres have been found under built up cities after being lost such as the one under London's Guildhall Art Gallery.
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Dyson, pp. 237, 239. Many Roman amphitheatres, circuses and theatres built in cities outside Italy are visible as ruins today.Humphrey, pp. 1–3.
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Two amphitheatres, eight laboratories and twelve classrooms are dedicated to him. New student housing is created. In 1994, the professional university opened its doors.
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The Amphitheatre of Pompeii in the 1800s, one of the earliest known Roman amphitheatres It is uncertain when and where the first amphitheatres were built. There are records attesting to temporary wooden amphitheatres built in the Forum Romanum for gladiatorial games from the second century BC onwards, and these may be the origin of the architectural form later expressed in stone. In his Historia Naturalis, Pliny the Elder claims that the amphitheatre was invented during the spectacles of Gaius Scribonius Curio in 53 BC, where two wooden semicircular theatres were rotated towards each other to form one circular amphitheatre, while spectators were still seated in the two halves. But while this may be the origin of the architectural term amphitheatrum, it cannot be the origin of the architectural concept, since earlier stone amphitheatres, known as spectacula or amphitheatera, have been found.
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The hall hosts many congresses, concerts, dance shows and other cultural events, such as the annual international Cyprus Theatre Festival. The centre also hosts four other, smaller halls. The campus is also home to three more amphitheatres and the quartet amphitheatres located in the Grand Library. The campus is also home to three museums: the Communications Museum, the Art Museum and the Museum of Classical and Sports Cars.
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It was a custom in the Roman Empire for amphitheatres to be furnished with scented water jet fountain sprays for refreshing the spectators.Langmead, p. 77Papillon, p. 200Kuniczak, p.
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With its original dimensions of , the central arena of the Amphitheatre of Serdica is commonly cited as having been some smaller than the Colosseum in the imperial capital Rome. However this is false as the Colosseum measures 87m x 55m and many other amphitheatres are larger than Serdica's, and furthermore the Collosseum's exterior dimensions were far larger (see List of Roman amphitheatres). Nevertheless, it was much larger than two other Roman amphitheatres in modern Bulgaria, at Diocletianopolis (Hisarya) and Marcianopolis (Devnya). In terms of architecture, the amphitheatre is comparable to the Arènes de Lutèce in modern Paris, France, and was designed for a maximum attendance of more than 20,000 or around 25,000.
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The designers were heavily influenced by ancient amphitheatres, but had also been exposed to the ideas of Gottfried Semper while he was working at the Victoria and Albert Museum.
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Bomgardner, 62. As the Empire grew, most of its amphitheatres remained concentrated in the Latin-speaking Western half, while in the East spectacles were mostly staged in other venues such as theatres or stadia.Bomgardner, 192. In the West, amphitheatres were built as part of Romanization efforts by providing a focus for the Imperial cult, by private benefactors, or by the local government of colonies or provincial capitals as an attribute of Roman municipal status.
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According to Jean-Claude Golvin, the earliest known stone amphitheatres are found in Campania, at Capua, Cumae and Liternum, where such venues were built towards the end of the second century BC.Bomgardner, 59. The next-oldest amphitheatre known, as well as one of the best-researched, is the amphitheatre of Pompeii, securely dated to be built shortly after 70 BC.Bomgardner, 39. There are relatively few other known early amphitheatres: those at Abella, Teanum and Cales date to the Sullan era (until 78 BC), those at Puteoli and Telesia from the Augustan (27 BC–14 AD). The amphitheatres at Sutrium, Carmo and Ucubi were built around 40–30 BC, those at Antioch and Phaestum (Phase I) in the mid-first century BC.
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The amphitheatre was built around 238 AD in Thysdrus, located in the Roman province of Africa Proconsularis in present-day El Djem, Tunisia. It is one of the best preserved Roman stone ruins in the world, and is unique in Africa. As other amphitheatres in the Roman Empire, it was built for spectator events, and it is one of the biggest amphitheatres in the world. The estimated capacity is 35,000, and the sizes of the big and the small axes are respectively and .
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15. "Let's Build a Car" (Sudden) – 3:06 16. "Epic's Trip" (Soundtracks) – 0:55 17. "...uh..." (Swell Maps) – 0:31 18. "Secret Island" (instrumental) (Sudden) – 6:27 19. "Amphitheatres" (Swell Maps) – 2:56 20.
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The use of enough water to float vessels in amphitheatres raises technical questions. Amphitheatres were not exclusively used for naumachiae; they would have been filled and drained rapidly enough for use in gladiatorial combats and other spectacles. The rapid transition between water shows and earth-based shows seems to have been one of the great attractions. Dio Cassius underscores this as it relates to Nero's naumachia (LXI, 9, 5); Martial does as well speaking of Titus' naumachia in the Colosseum (Book of Spectacles, XXIV).
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It is a rare example of an ancient Roman Ludus dated to the 1st century AD, a sort of a little amphitheatre used as a gym or training ground for gladiators (see List of Roman amphitheatres).
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It was inaugurated by Titus in 80 AD as the personal gift of the Emperor to the people of Rome, paid for by the imperial share of booty after the Jewish Revolt.. Arles Amphitheatre, inside view Amphitheatres were usually oval in plan. Their seating tiers surrounded the arena below, where the community's judgments were meted out, in full public view. From across the stands, crowd and editor could assess each other's character and temperament. For the crowd, amphitheatres afforded unique opportunities for free expression and free speech (theatralis licentia).
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Bryce Canyon Amphitheatre from Sunrise Point A natural amphitheatre is a performance space located in a spot where a steep mountain or a particular rock formation naturally amplifies or echoes sound, making it ideal for musical and theatrical performances. An amphitheatre can be naturally occurring formations which would be ideal for this purpose, even if no theatre has been constructed there. Notable natural amphitheatres include the Drakensberg amphitheatre in South Africa, Slane Castle in Ireland, the Supernatural Amphitheatre in Australia, and the Red Rocks and Gorge amphitheatres in the western United States.
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We were meant to live. - published February 12, 2008 (retrieved March 12, 2008) The tour primarily visited small rock clubs, college campuses, and small amphitheatres. After a mostly arena/small stadium tour for "Appetite," Switchfoot returned to their preferred venue demographic.
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Pula Arena, Croatia Ancient Roman amphitheatres were major public venues, circular or oval in plan, with perimeter seating tiers. They were used for events such as gladiator combats, chariot races, venationes (animal hunts) and executions. About 230 Roman amphitheatres have been found across the area of the Roman Empire. Their typical shape, functions and name distinguish them from Roman theatres, which are more or less semicircular in shape; from the circuses (similar to hippodromes) whose much longer circuits were designed mainly for horse or chariot racing events; and from the smaller stadia, which were primarily designed for athletics and footraces.
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The singer returned to the US performing at state and county fairs before headlining shows in amphitheatres and arenas. The tour continued into 2001, visiting Mexico, Puerto Rico, Panama, Venezuela and Japan. Sponsors of the tour included Sears, Levi's, J-Wave and Pioneer.
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Throughout its thousand-year history, the city of Rome has been home to hundreds of theatres and other show-related buildings (circuses and amphitheatres). The main theatres of ancient Rome were the Theatre of Pompey, the Teatro di Marcello, the Theater of Balbus and Theatre of Ostia Antica, still functioning. The major amphitheatres were the amphitheatre Statilius Taurus, the castrensian amphitheatre and the amphitheatre of Flavius, known as the Colosseum and still occasionally used for theatrical performances and concerts. The main modern theatres are: the Teatro dell'Opera, the Teatro Argentina, the Teatro Sistina, the Teatro Eliseo, the Teatro Valle, the Teatro Quirino, the Sala Umberto, the Colosseum and the Teatro Brancaccio.
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The congregation were to process from one place to another. Such arrangements were less appropriate for large congregations than for small; for the former, proscenium arch arrangements with huge amphitheatres such as at Willow Creek Community Church in Chicago in the United States have been one answer.
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Today, the archaeological site occupies a total of , and contains remains of temples, streets, squares, amphitheatres, palaces, hippodromes and Roman baths. Viminacium holds a distinction of having the largest number of graves discovered in any Roman archaeological site. As of 2018, 15,000 graves have been discovered.
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The most elaborate featured multi-storeyed, arcaded façades and were elaborately decorated with marble, stucco and statuary.Bomgardner, 62. After the end of gladiatorial games in the 5th century and of staged animal hunts in the 6th, most amphitheatres fell into disrepair. Their materials were mined or recycled.
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The original Odeons were the popular amphitheatres of ancient Greece. The name Odeon had been appropriated by cinemas in France and Italy in the 1920s, but Deutsch made it his own in the UK. His publicity team claimed Odeon stood for "Oscar Deutsch Entertains Our Nation".
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9874/9 October 1994, the University of Timișoara acquires its current name, West University of Timișoara. The structure of the institution was diversified by setting up new faculties, sections and specializations. From two classrooms in 1948, the university owned in 2016 17 amphitheatres, 25 classrooms and 74 seminar rooms and laboratories.
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The numbers are growing and the school is running out of space. It now occupies three amphitheatres at the ICP and in 1971 administrative services moved to Boulevard Raspail. In 1965 a commission was set up to reflect on the possibilities of moving ESSEC. Projects are planned in Bagneux or Gentilly then abandoned.
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Two large amphitheatres (one of which is marked D) extended back from the second and third tier balconies, providing a large number of less expensive seats. Finally, above the third tier, were two small lateral balconies, sometimes referred to as the gods. The capacity of the house was said to be about 2,000.
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Workspace of Jean-Claude Golvin in a 2015 exhibition of his work. Jean-Claude Golvin (born 18 December 1942) is a French archaeologist and architect. He specializes in the history of Roman amphitheatres and has published hundreds of reconstruction drawings of ancient monuments. Golvin is a researcher with the CNRS at the Bordeaux Montaigne University.
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East of the old town is one of only seven surviving Roman amphitheatres in the United Kingdom (). It has the only above-ground Roman remains in the town, and was excavated in 1968. The arena itself is 46 by 27 meters. The circumference of the cavea seating area is 92 by 67 meters icarus.umkc.
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The Summer Theatre of Tirana is an open-air theatre within the Grand Park of Tirana, Albania. The summer theatre is called an "amphitheatre" by locals, mainly because it is in the open, and also because of its almost semi-circular form, which recalls the typical shapes of the Roman theatres (although not amphitheatres).
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The CEA / UFTM, located at Av. Frei Paulino, 30, Abadia, Uberaba - MG, houses the university rectory and the Pro- Rector's Office for Research and Postgraduate Studies - PROPPG / UFTM, Proext / UFTM University Extension, Teaching - Proens / UFTM, Administration - Proad / UFTM and Planning - Proplan / UFTM. The administrative complex houses two amphitheatres, a hall for solemnities and the central university library.
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The greenhouses, caretaker's house, the waterfall and the Grenelle-built bridge were demolished. In 1953 the chalet restaurant was opened by the Mayor of Montreal, Camillien Houde. The Théâtre de Verdure was inaugurated on 8 July 1956. This was also built by Claude Robillard, and was intended to host outdoor theatrical performances inspired by ancient amphitheatres.
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" The shows were mostly booked in outdoor amphitheatres, and lawn areas as well as sections of seats were often deserted. Springsteen commented to the sparse crowd in Columbus, Ohio, "We are not great in numbers, but we are mighty!" See "May 30 / Columbus, OH / Germain Amphitheatre" entry. The Indianapolis venue saw a "yawning green lawn (empty as it was).
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The Muny in 2017 The Muny website claims it is the "nation's oldest and largest outdoor musical theatre."The Muny Numerous amphitheatres/outdoor theatres have a larger capacity area, but The Muny houses the largest number of seats. No lawn seating exists inside The Muny. In addition, The Muny is the largest to host only Broadway-style musical theatre.
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It was not a large amphitheatre. Dissatisfaction over the Amphitheatre of Statilius Taurus led Nero, in 57 AD, to build a new wooden amphitheatre, the Amphitheatrum Neronis. During the Great Fire of Rome in 64 AD, which left Rome in ashes, both amphitheatres were completely destroyed. In 72 AD, Vespasian built a new, much larger stone amphitheatre in Rome.
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Theatres and amphitheatres were temporary wooden structures that could be assembled and disassembled quickly. Attempts to build permanent stone structures were always halted by political figures or simply did not come to full fruition.Dyson (2010), p. 59. Pompey was supposedly inspired to build his theatre from a visit to the Greek theatre of Mytilene on Lesbos.Rehak (2009), p. 19.
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Museum Tusculanum Press. pp. 215–218Sperber, Daniel (1998) The City in Roman Palestine. Oxford University Press. In the areas of the western Empire inhabited by Celtic-speaking peoples, Rome encouraged the development of urban centres with stone temples, forums, monumental fountains, and amphitheatres, often on or near the sites of the preexisting walled settlements known as oppida.
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His landscapes displayed formal elements such as parterres, avenues, geometrically shaped lakes and pools, and kitchen gardens. Transitional elements in his designs included lawns, amphitheatres, garden buildings and statues, winding paths through wooded areas to viewing points and the use of ha-has – features are some of the progressive ideas he helped bring into favour (Jellicoe, 1986, p. 72).
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ESSCA’s 17,200 m² building is located on the Belle Beille campus in the centre of a park, and boasts 18 amphitheatres (including one that seats 350), 40 classrooms, one multimedia room, three computer rooms, one 900 m² media library, one meeting area, and offices for students’ associations, professors and tenured academics, as well as meeting rooms.
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The facade is faced with limestone and Uzunköprü stone interchangeably to achieve a tone of color. The tier seating is of Uzunköprü stone also. The outdoor theatre is designed in the form of ancient amphitheatres with tiered seating for spectators, semicircular in shape, around a flat performance space. The theatre's seating capacity is 3,972, and there are additional 30 "loge" seats for VIP.
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Some of the names can be mentioned as Madhu Rye, Labhshankar Thakar, Shrikant Shah, Subhash Shah, Chinu Modi, and Hasmukh Baradi. It also conducted theatre-training courses for over two decades. Its research wing, Janvak, published monographs like Goverdhan Panchal's on Bhavai. Darpana has also built an experimental thrust auditorium, Natrani, reminiscent of Greek amphitheatres, on the banks of the river Sabarmati.
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Blink-182 / No Doubt Summer Tour 2004 was a concert tour co-headlined by American rock bands Blink-182 and No Doubt. Launched in support of Blink-182's eponymous fifth studio album and No Doubt's The Singles 1992–2003, the tour took place in the summer of 2004 and saw the two Southern California groups travel to US amphitheatres.
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Aitana embarked on the "Play Tour", her debut headlining concert tour on June 22, 2019. The first concert was held in Murcia and attracted over 4,500 people. It visited bullrings, parks, amphitheatres and arenas. On February 7, 2020, the singer announced an extension of it called "+ Play Tour" which will include new songs in the setlist and a revamped show aesthetic.
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Aquincum Amphitheatre, Budapest, 1996 People living in the settlement could enjoy the achievements of the Empire, like central heating in the houses, public baths, a Mithraeum and palaces, The most important monuments in Aquincum are the two amphitheatres: the Aquincum Civil Amphitheatre and the Aquincum Military Amphitheatre, built in the 1st century AD. These were venues for gladiatorial combats and beast fights.
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The Pula Arena in Croatia is one of the largest and most intact of the remaining Roman amphitheatres. An annexed territory became a province in a three-step process: making a register of cities, taking a census of the population, and surveying the land.Potter (2009), p. 183. Further government recordkeeping included births and deaths, real estate transactions, taxes, and juridical proceedings.
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The only surviving written sources offer no descriptions of the mechanisms or engineering involved. Archaeology provides no clues: the basement of the Colosseum has since been modified. Only two provincial amphitheatres, those at Verona and Mérida, Spain, provide any technical evidence. The central pit of the Verona amphitheatre was deeper than the rooms normally found underneath the arena, and served as a basin.
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Yes supported Open Your Eyes with a 12-month world tour that saw the band perform in smaller venues such as theatres and amphitheatres. The Alan Parsons Project was the opening act on select dates. The show at the Universal Amphitheatre in Los Angeles saw the band joined on stage with a school choir for a performance of "No Way We Can Lose".
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The building's style is an Italian Renaissance palace in brick and stone, flanked by a tall square tower, which is similar to many others in the area. This building includes two amphitheatres, three laboratories corresponding to three courses (physical oceanography, marine biology and physiology of marine biodiversity), a specialized library-media library, breeding grounds in the basement and official accommodation (managerial apartment and caretaker's studio).
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In Europe saffron threads were a key component of an aromatic oil known as crocinum, which comprised such motley ingredients as alkanet, dragon's blood (for colour), and wine (again for colour). Crocinum was applied as a perfume to hair. Another preparation involved mixing saffron with wine to produce a viscous yellow spray; it was copiously applied in sudoriferously sunny Roman amphitheatres--as an air freshener.
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Rincon volcanic complex is a volcano in Argentina. This volcanic complex is formed by a southwest-northeast trending long series of volcanoes that contain amphitheatres. The volcanoes are formed mainly by lava flows; pyroclastic material has only a subordinate role. The amphitheatre of the cone-shaped southwestern volcano is filled in by a lava dome, and lava domes also occur at the margins of the main complex.
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Xfinity Theatre (originally known as the Meadows Music Theatre) is an outdoor/indoor amphitheatre located in Hartford, Connecticut, owned by Live Nation. The capacity of the venue is 30,000. The indoor area holds 7,500 and the outdoor lawn area holds an additional 22,500 during the summer months making it one of the largest amphitheatres in the country. Live Nation predecessor SFX bought the theatre in 1997.
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Near the fort is one of seven surviving Roman amphitheatres in Britain and only two in Roman Wales (the other being at Isca Augusta, Roman Caerleon). It was excavated in 1968. The arena itself is 50 by 30 yards (about 46 by 27 metres); the cavea (seating area) is 100 by 73 yards (92 by 67 metres). Veprauskas has argued for its identification as the Cair GuorthigirnNennius ().
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The amphitheatre was, with the triumphal arch and basilica, the only major new type of building developed by the Romans.Henig, 26. Blagg also mentions baths, granaries, insulae and large villas. Some of the most impressive secular buildings are the amphitheatres, over 200 being known and many of which are well preserved, such as that at Arles, as well as its progenitor, the Colosseum in Rome.
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In modern usage, an "amphitheatre" may consist of theatre- style stages with spectator seating on only one side, theatres in the round, and stadia. Natural formations of similar shape are sometimes known as natural amphitheatres. Arles Amphitheatre, France: a Roman arena still usedMichel Tournier, Le coq de bruyère, W. D. Redfern, Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press, 1996, p. 69 for bullfighting, plays and summer concerts.
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Examples of Roman sculpture survive abundantly, though often in damaged or fragmentary condition, including freestanding statues and statuettes in marble, bronze and terracotta, and reliefs from public buildings, temples, and monuments such as the Ara Pacis, Trajan's Column, and the Arch of Titus. Niches in amphitheatres such as the Colosseum were originally filled with statues,Kousser, p. 13Strong, Donald (1976, 1988) Roman Art. Yale University Press.
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Amphitheatres of the Roman Empire Construction on the Flavian Amphitheatre, more commonly known as the Colosseum (Italy), began during the reign of Vespasian. The chief Roman contributions to architecture were the arch, vault and the dome. Even after more than 2,000 years some Roman structures still stand, due in part to sophisticated methods of making cements and concrete.MacDonald, W. L. (1982) The Architecture of the Roman Empire.
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Towards the end of his life, he cautiously allowed cult to his numen. By then the Imperial cult apparatus was fully developed, first in the Eastern Provinces, then in the West.Fishwick, Vol 1, book 1, 77 & 126-30. Provincial Cult centres offered the amenities and opportunities of a major Roman town within a local context; bathhouses, shrines and temples to Roman and local deities, amphitheatres and festivals.
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The scanty remains of the amphitheatre have, however, allowed the archaeologists to calculate that it was long and wide.Herbert W. Benario, "Amphitheatres of the Roman World" The Classical Journal 76.3 (February 1981:255-258), measurements as given p. 257; it was not, as is sometimes claimed, the third largest in the world after the Flavian Amphitheatre in Rome and the vast amphitheatre in Capua. The arena measured .
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Bomgardner, 61. Amphitheatres are distinguished from circuses and hippodromes, which were usually rectangular and built mainly for racing events, and stadia, built for athletics, but several of these terms have at times been used for one and the same venue. The word amphitheatrum means "theatre all around". Thus, an amphitheatre is distinguished from the traditional semicircular Roman theatres by being circular or oval in shape.
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On November 7, 2018, the YouTube personality first announced a 26-show tour performing in theaters in North America. On December 11, 2018, Siwa extended the North American leg adding 28 shows performing in outdoor amphitheatres and arenas. On April 4, 2019, 17 dates were added. On June 10, 2019, 11 more dates were added, marking the total number of shows to 82 in the first leg.
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The tour was scheduled to begin on June 9 in Salt Lake City and consist of thirty-four dates in Amphitheatres throughout North America, with support from Of Mice & Men. However, the first twelve dates of the tour were postponed after an examination revealed that Corey Taylor had broken two vertebrae in his neck. The tour began on June 28 in Nashville, Tennessee, with the postponed shows rescheduled for August.
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A square top set over the house. It also should be of note that, in the majority of Europe, fixed stages were more common than wagons, and the sites of the fixed stages varied from place to place. In Rome the ancient amphitheatres were used, and in places like Mons, France and Frankfurt-am-Main in Germany, town squares were the primary auditorium.Brockett, Oscar G., and Franklin J. Hildy.
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Some teachers fuel the controversy, aware that such a move necessarily entails a renewal of faculty. The students live together in the HLM of ALEGESSEC, contributing to their cohesion. The new school "extends over and includes a large amphitheater of 300 seats, eight small amphitheatres with 80 seats equipped with closed circuit television, a computer center, a large language laboratory, a library, a sports hall, a restaurant university and 48 classrooms ".
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The following is a list of English Renaissance theatres, from the first theatres built in 1567, to their closure at the beginning of the English Civil War in 1642. English Renaissance theatres were more commonly known by the term 'playhouses'. They can be divided into indoor playhouses (which were small and performed to high-paying audiences) and outdoor playhouses (large, partly open-air amphitheatres that charged lower prices).
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The region's largest city Pula has one of the best preserved amphitheatres in the world, which is still used for festivals and events. It is surrounded by hotel complexes, resorts, camps, and sports facilities. Nearby is Brijuni national park, formerly the summer residence of late Yugoslav president Josip Broz Tito. Roman villas and temples still lie buried among farm fields and along the shoreline of surrounding fishing and farming villages.
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This Roman city was eventually embellished with amenities such as temples, baths, amphitheatres, and a forum. At the end of the third century AD, the Roman city was surrounded by ramparts, and the town took the name of Civitas Petrocoriorum. In the 10th century, Le Puy-Saint-Front was constructed around an abbey next to the old Gallo-Roman city. It was organised into a municipality around 1182.
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The introduction of new technologies initially led to an increased number of naumachiae. The first three naumachiae were spaced about 50 years apart; the following six, most of which took place in amphitheatres, occurred in a space of 30 years. Less costly in material and human terms, they could afford to be staged more frequently. Less grandiose, they became a feature of the games, but could not be considered exceptional.
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2002 saw the release of Trey's self-titled second album, and a summer tour to support it. This tour of amphitheatres was significantly smaller than the 2001 tour. At this time, Anastasio added the final two members to the group, Brazilian percussionist Cyro Baptista and the multitalented Peter Apfelbaum. Late in the summer of 2002, Phish announced their reunion, with their first show slated for New Year's Eve.
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Other spring blossoms include; tulip, daffodil, fritillaria, crocus, grape hyacinth and allium. The region also contains a summer-blooming meadow wildflowers and hostas. A stone water trough weaves through the valley and links the five ponds. There is also an alley of London plane trees, a 12.5-metre Obelisk Pond, Bluestone Bridge and The Copper Tree Fountain, several amphitheatres, interactive garden games (chess, croquet and ping pong), among other attractions.
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University's main library, named after Professor-Scientist Tạ Quang Bửu. HUST has one of the largest and most treed campus in Vietnam, just in the south center of Hanoi, looking out onto the Park of Reunification. HUST's campus area is about 26 hectares with 200 amphitheatres, teaching rooms, halls, and conference chambers. It owns about 200 laboratories among which are 8 national key laboratories and 20 practical workshops.
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They were used for gladiatorial contests, public displays, public meetings and bullfights, the tradition of which still survives in Spain and Portugal. Their typical shape, functions and name distinguish them from Roman theatres, which are more or less semicircular in shape; from the circuses (akin to hippodromes) whose much longer circuits were designed mainly for horse or chariot racing events; and from the smaller stadia, which were primarily designed for athletics and footraces. The Amphitheatre of Pompeii, built around 70 BC and buried by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius 79 AD, once hosted spectacles with gladiators The earliest Roman amphitheatres date from the middle of the first century BC, but most were built under Imperial rule, from the Augustan period (27 BC–14 AD) onwards. Imperial amphitheatres were built throughout the Roman empire; the largest could accommodate 40,000–60,000 spectators, and the most elaborate featured multi-storeyed, arcaded façades and were elaborately decorated with marble, stucco and statuary.
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Reconstructed relief plan, with the current street plan superimposed, 1907. The amphitheatre of Catania is the most complicated and largest of all the amphitheatres in Sicily. It is one of a group of large arenas, which also includes the Colosseum, the Amphitheatre of Capua, and the Verona Arena. The structure centred on an elliptical arena, surrounded by radial walls and vaults supporting the seating of the cavea, which had 14 steps and 32 aisles.
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The order in which ticket requests were fulfilled was random, and no seniority or special treatment was given to any fan. These tickets were printed in limited amounts on colored paper with foil and some sort of design, and only issued through mail order. In 2001, while Phish was on a hiatus, Trey Anastasio booked a tour of amphitheatres and major venues. It was his largest tour, at the time, without Phish.
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The trade in gladiators was empire-wide, and subjected to official supervision. Rome's military success produced a supply of soldier-prisoners who were redistributed for use in State mines or amphitheatres and for sale on the open market. For example, in the aftermath of the Jewish Revolt, the gladiator schools received an influx of Jews – those rejected for training would have been sent straight to the arenas as noxii (lit. "hurtful ones").Josephus.
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There is a permanent exposition of "Folk instruments of the Czech Republic" and a historical library with more than 13,000 books with the oldest from the 16th century. The château is surrounded by an informal park with the longest plane alley in Central Europe founded in the first half of the 19th century. Amphitheatres, a summer cinema, lakes, a dendrology path with educational boards and many benches are located in the park.
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The Roman circus was a large open- air venue used for public events in the ancient Roman Empire. The circuses were similar to the ancient Greek hippodromes, although circuses served varying purposes and differed in design and construction. Along with theatres and amphitheatres, Circuses were one of the main entertainment sites of the time. Circuses were venues for chariot races, horse races, and performances that commemorated important events of the empire were performed there.
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Thirty Seconds to Mars released their third studio album This Is War on December 8, 2009. After a promotional tour in winter of that year, the band embarked on their Into the Wild Tour in February 2010 in support of the album. The tour reached the Americas, Europe, Africa, Asia and Australasia over a two-year period. Along with playing arenas and amphitheatres, the tour headlined at several festivals in Europe and Australia.
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In Gallic times the city was important as a crossing point of the Loire. Becoming part of the Roman Empire during the 1st century AD, the city was named "Caesarodunum" ("hill of Caesar"). The name evolved in the 4th century when the original Gallic name, Turones, became first "Civitas Turonum" then "Tours". It was at this time that the amphitheatre of Tours, one of the five largest amphitheatres of the Empire, was built.
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The Romans built immense structures such as the amphitheatres to house their festivals of sport. The Romans exhibited a passion for blood sports, such as the infamous Gladiatorial battles that pitted contestants against one another in a fight to the death. The Olympic Games revived many of the sports of Classical Antiquity—such as Greco-Roman wrestling, discus and javelin. The sport of bullfighting is a traditional spectacle of Spain, Portugal, southern France, and some Latin American countries.
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"British entertainers in France" p. 29\. University of Toronto Press, 1959 Astley then established 18 other permanent circuses in cities throughout Europe. During the summers and at other times when his London establishment was inactive, Astley began to establish wooden amphitheatres abroad; the first of these was erected in 1773 in Dublin, Ireland. He later established eighteen other circuses in European cities, was patronised by a great number of royals, and was famous, envied, and occasionally rich.
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The Take Off Your Pants and Jacket Tour was a concert tour by rock band Blink-182. Launched in support of the group's 2001 album Take Off Your Pants and Jacket, the tour visited amphitheatres and arenas between July and September 2001. The tour was supported by New Found Glory, Jimmy Eat World and Midtown. A planned European leg of the tour was postponed following the September 11 attacks, and cancelled when guitarist Tom DeLonge suffered a back injury.
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ISCSP is currently housed in its own building on the University Campus at Alto da Ajuda. ISCSP has a total of 40 classrooms, of which 5 are amphitheatres, spread over 4 floors. All rooms are equipped with overhead projectors, multimedia and computers. ISCSP has a general library covering an area of 2,029 m², with capacity for 194 users, and four multi- purpose rooms and three study rooms of varying capacities, open from 8:00 to 21:00.
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Others were transformed into fortifications or fortified settlements, such as at Leptis Magna, Sabratha, Arles and Pola, and in the 12th century the Frangipani fortified even the Colosseum to help them in Roman power struggles.Bomgardner, 222. Yet others were repurposed as Christian churches, including the arenas at Arles, Nîmes, Tarragona and Salona; the Colosseum became a Christian shrine in the 18th century. Of the surviving amphitheatres, many are now protected as historic monuments; several are tourist attractions.
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Saint Augustine, Confessions, 6.8. Amphitheatres continued to host the spectacular administration of Imperial justice: in 315 Constantine the Great condemned child-snatchers ad bestias in the arena. Ten years later, he forbade criminals being forced to fight to the death as gladiators: Dying Gladiator > Bloody spectacles do not please us in civil ease and domestic quiet. For > that reason we forbid those people to be gladiators who by reason of some > criminal act were accustomed to deserve this condition and sentence.
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There are two entrances, located at the North-Eastern and South- Western ends of the stadium. During the 5th century, when the Western Roman Empire was under attack and soldiers returned to Rome to defend it, the amphitheatre was fortified to defend against the invading Saxons. Wooden structures were erected within the arena itself, placed in postholes, and a portion of the North-Eastern entrance was blocked. Unlike other amphitheatres, it is aligned in parallel to the streets of the town itself.
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The actual shape of the cairn varies from simple circular designs to elaborate 'forecourts' protruding from each end, creating what look like small amphitheatres. It is likely that these are the result of cultural influences from mainland Europe, as they are similar to designs found in France and Spain. Examples include Midhowe on Rousay and Unstan Chambered Cairn from the Orkney Mainland, both of which date from the mid 4th millennium BC and were probably in use over long periods of time.
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Famous intellectuals such as Gilles Deleuze, Michel Foucault, Jacques Lacan and others held seminars there, in full classrooms where no seats could be found. The assistance was very heterogeneous. For instance, musicians such as Richard Pinhas assisted at Deleuze's courses, and after having written Anti-Oedipus (1972) with Félix Guattari, Deleuze used to say that non-specialists had best understood their work. Furthermore, Vincennes had no amphitheatres, representatives of the mandarin teacher facing and dominating several hundred students silently taking notes.
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The Grand Library covers an area over 15,000 square metres and is home to over 1 million printed materials and more than 150 million electronic resources. It hosts four amphitheatres with a total capacity of 1000 and is not closed at any time. In 2007, around 7000 people used the library daily. In 2012, the university signed a protocol with the Turkish Ministry of Culture and Tourism that foresaw the sharing of its electronic resources with 1118 libraries in Turkey.
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Not only slaves or prisoners were involved in these kinds of struggles (although the vast majority of gladiators were), but some also had career as a gladiator who fought for money, favors or glory. Even some emperors occasionally ventured down to the sand to play this bloody "sport", as in the case of the emperor Commodus. The amphitheatre at Itálica. The fight took place at first in the circus, but then the construction of amphitheatres began: elliptical buildings exclusively for the fight.
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After the end of gladiatorial games in the 5th century and of animal killings in the 6th, most amphitheatres fell into disrepair, and their materials were mined or recycled. Some were razed, and others converted into fortifications. A few continued as convenient open meeting places; in some of these, churches were sited. Architecturally, they are typically an example of the Roman use of the classical orders to decorate large concrete walls pierced at intervals, where the columns have nothing to support.
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Many ancient standing stone monuments were erected during the prehistoric period, amongst the best known are Stonehenge, Devil's Arrows, Rudston Monolith and Castlerigg. With the introduction of Ancient Roman architecture there was a development of basilicas, baths, amphitheatres, triumphal arches, villas, Roman temples, Roman roads, Roman forts, stockades and aqueducts. It was the Romans who founded the first cities and towns such as London, Bath, York, Chester and St Albans. Perhaps the best known example is Hadrian's Wall stretching right across northern England.
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The majority of programs will have a certification attached to it where the participant is required to complete an assessment at the end of the training. In addition, many providers will offer unique programs for the variety of venues where alcohol is served, sold, or consumed. For example, an Off Premises location (grocery stores, liquor stores, convenience stores) may require unique training compared to an On Premises location (restaurants, bars, hotels, night clubs). The same is true for stadiums, arenas, amphitheatres, and casinos.
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Springer Market Square, located directly behind city hall, holds a seasonal farmers' market, the Kingston Public Market, on Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays from April until November, although in the early years the market was held summer and winter. It is the oldest public market in the province. An antiques market operates in the square on Sundays. The square was revitalized during 2005–07, creating an outdoor skating rink and small amphitheatres in the north and south courtyards of city hall.
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Roman building ingenuity extended over bridges, aqueducts, and covered amphitheatres. Their sewerage and water-supply works were remarkable and some systems are still in operation today. The only aspect of Roman construction for which very little evidence survives is the form of timber roof structures, none of which seem to have survived intact. Possibly, triangulated roof trusses were built, this being the only conceivable way of constructing the immense spans achieved, the longest exceeding 30 metres (see List of ancient Greek and Roman roofs).
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During the last years, Transilvania University of Brașov has made significant investments in expanding the infrastructure necessary for the teaching process. Twenty-three amphitheatres have been modernized and 300 didactic labs have been developed. To ensure the modern tools for the teaching-learning-assessment process, the eLearning platform became accessible in 2008 and was optimized in 2017 and in 2020. Access to the platform is facilitated via six computer rooms open to all students and particularly via the Internet network set up on the University’s campuses.
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The Pula Arena (, ) is the name of the amphitheatre located in Pula, Croatia. The Arena is the only remaining Roman amphitheatre to have four side towers and with all three Roman architectural orders entirely preserved. It was constructed in 27 BC – 68 ADKristina Džin: 2009, Page 7 and is among the world's six largest surviving Roman arenas. A rare example among the 200 surviving Roman amphitheatres, it is also the best preserved ancient monument in Croatia; however, the arena is not listed on UNESCO world heritage list.
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The volume contains portraits of Alexander VI and of Cæsar Borgia, the former probably etched by the author. In 1751 a French version appeared at Amsterdam. A solitary dramatic attempt, Lupone, or the Inquisitor: a comedy, was deemed by the managers to be too classical for representation. He was more successful with a translation of the De Amphitheatro of Francesco Scipione, marchese di Maffei, published as A Compleat History of the Ancient Amphitheatres, more peculiarly regarding the Architecture of these Buildings, and in particular that of Verona. . . .
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Albanian music extends to ancient Illyria and Ancient Greece, with influences from the Byzantine and Ottoman Empire. It is evident in archeological findings such as arenas, odeons, theatre buildings and amphitheatres, all over Albania. The remains of temples, libraries, sculptures and paintings of ancient dancers, singers and musical instruments, have been found in territories inhabited by the ancient Illyrians and ancient Greeks. Church singing was performed throughout early Middle Ages in Albania by choirs or soloists in ecclesiastical centers such as Berat, Durrës and Shkodër.
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After completing her previous trek, Parton focused on the upcoming musical 9 to 5: The Musical and recording her next album. The singer also started her own independent record label after being told she was "too old" for mainstream music. While promoting the song, "Better Get to Livin'", Parton announced her upcoming tour. The first dates revealed in Los Angeles, New York City and Chicago served as rehearsal shows before Parton played in arenas, theatres, amphitheatres and stadiums in North America and Northern Europe.
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DICTIONARY OF GREEK AND ROMAN ANTIQUITIES, p. 53 There were in the amphitheatres concealed tubes, from which scented liquids were scattered over the audience...Smith Amphitheatrum They were protected from the sun and the rain by an ample canopy, occasionally drawn over their heads. The air was continually refreshed by the playing of fountains, and profusely impregnated by the grateful scent of aromatics.Smith Amphitheatrum but the velarium, or awning, by which the spectators were sheltered from the sun, requires some explanation, which will be found under Velum.
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The amphitheatre is very well preserved, dates from the end of the 2nd century and was one of the largest amphitheatres in the Empire. The so-called Temple of Diana dating from Augustus and rebuilt in the 2nd century was not a temple but was centred on a nymphaeum located within the Fontaine Sanctuary dedicated to Augustus and may have been a library. The city was the birthplace of the family of emperor Antoninus Pius (138-161). Emperor Constantine (306-337) endowed the city with baths.
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They used drainage wheels extensively in deep underground mines, one device being the reverse overshot water-wheel. They were the first to apply hydraulic mining methods for prospecting for metal ores, and for extracting those ores from the ground when found using a method known as hushing. Roman engineers have built triumphal arches, amphitheatres, aqueducts, public baths, true arch bridges, harbours, dams, vaults and domes on a very large scale across their Empire. Notable Roman inventions include the book (Codex), glass blowing and concrete.
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A multigenerational banquet depicted on a wall painting from Pompeii (1st century AD) Spread of Seuso at Lacus Pelso (Lake Balaton) The Roman Empire was remarkably multicultural, with "a rather astonishing cohesive capacity" to create a sense of shared identity while encompassing diverse peoples within its political system over a long span of time.Peachin, p. 12. The Roman attention to creating public monuments and communal spaces open to all—such as forums, amphitheatres, racetracks and baths—helped foster a sense of "Romanness".Peachin, p. 16.
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Left to right: Justin Meldal-Johnsen, Ilan Rubin, Trent Reznor and Robin Finck. In 2008, Reznor decided to put Nine Inch Nails on indefinite hiatus. He later clarified that "NIN as a touring live band or live band that's on the road all the time [would be] stopping" after a comprehensive tour, but that he would continue to produce music thereafter. After a set of shows in Australia and New Zealand, Nine Inch Nails embarked on a North American tour of amphitheatres with Jane's Addiction and Street Sweeper Social Club dubbed "NIN/JA 2009".
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The site of the former Circus Maximus in modern-day Rome The Roman circus (from the Latin word that means "circle") was a large open-air venue used for public events in the ancient Roman Empire. The circuses were similar to the ancient Greek hippodromes, although circuses served varying purposes and differed in design and construction. Along with theatres and amphitheatres, circuses were one of the main entertainment sites of the time. Circuses were venues for chariot races, horse races, gladiatorial combat, and performances that commemorated important events of the empire were performed there.
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A depiction of the Fortune in a stained glass memorial to Edward Alleyn The plot of land on which the theatre sat was approximately square, across and deep. The theatre was built on a foundation of lime and brick; square-shaped (uniquely among the period's amphitheatres), each wall measured eighty feet outside and fifty-five within. The building was three stories tall; the first- floor galleries were twelve feet high, those on the second floor eleven; those on the third, nine. Each row of galleries was twelve feet deep.
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Labelled as a natural film studio, the island has a diverse set of film locations and dissimilar morphology. Cyprus incorporates a historical and cultural landscape ranging from archaeological sites to antiquated villages, ancient city kingdoms, Greek amphitheatres, Byzantine art, 16th century Venetian architecture and modern European cities such as Limassol. Its long coastline, sandy beaches, light houses, ports, as well as pristine Mediterranean waters have been shot in various movie productions. The island incorporates flat plains that look like desert in the summer only to transform with rich green vegetation during the winter.
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The center is also home to the Chamber Orchestra of Philadelphia, Philadanco and the Philadelphia Chamber Music Society (PCMS). The PCMS, established in 1986, puts on concerts by internationally renowned performers as well as local ensembles like 1807 and Friends, who have been prominent local performers since 1981. Also of major importance to the city is the Mann Center for the Performing Arts, one of the largest outdoor amphitheatres in the United States. Established in 1976 as the Robin Hood Dell West, the Mann Center is the summer performance space for the Philadelphia Orchestra.
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As a well-fortified town, Divodurum, at the junction of several military roads, Metz became one of the principal towns of Gaul, more populous than Lutetia (ancestor of present-day Paris), and rich thanks to its wine exports.Bour R. (2007) Histoire de Metz, nouvelle édition. Eds. Serpenoise. pp. 28–69 The city had one of the largest amphitheatres in Gaul, and an aqueduct of and 118 arches, extending from Gorze to Metz, was constructed in the 2nd century AD to supply the thermae with water.Collectif (2006) L'aqueduc antique de Gorze à Metz.
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Vomitorium of the Amphitheatre of El Jem, Tunisia A vomitorium is a passage situated below or behind a tier of seats in an amphitheatre or a stadium, through which big crowds can exit rapidly at the end of a performance. They can also be pathways for actors to enter and leave stage. The Latin word vomitorium, plural vomitoria, derives from the verb vomō, vomere, "to spew forth". In ancient Roman architecture, vomitoria were designed to provide rapid egress for large crowds at amphitheatres and stadia, as they do in modern sports stadia and large theatres.
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Play Tour is the debut concert tour headlined by Spanish singer Aitana to promote her debut album Spoiler. The tour began on June 22, 2019 in Murcia and has visited bullrings, parks, amphitheatres and arenas. An extension to the tour, title + Play Tour, was added on February 7, 2020 and was set to begin on May 23, 2020 in Valencia and to conclude on December 20 at the WiZink Center in Madrid comprising 37 concerts. However, on May 29, the singer announced the cancellation of the remaining tour stops.
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They are astonished to see a Faculty, having a privileged natural setting, far from the stereotype of the French faculties disposed in the heart of the city center. In 1985, there was a large increase in enrollment. However, all the faculties have a major disadvantage: the campus is far too far from the city center, and in the evening there is a desolate campus, which is rather distressing. In 1987, the capacity of reception is overwhelmed by 6 000 students and amphitheatres are not enough to welcome all this world.
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Due to the poor state of its preservation the acoustics of the Theatre of Dionysus cannot be reconstructed. However, by analogy with other, similar Greek amphitheatres some idea of the sound quality of the ancient theatre can be gleaned. Long renowned for their excellent acoustics, it is only recently that scientific analysis of this has taken place. The ERATO project in 2003-2006,Jens Holger Rindel, Martin Lisa Gade, The Erato Project and Its Contri̇buti̇on to Our Understandi̇ng of the Acousti̇cs of Anci̇ent Greek and Roman Theatres, 2006 Gade and Angelakis in 2006,A.
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The Annual Summer Fair and other seasonal fairs such as May Day were often bawdy affairs. Watching plays became very popular during the Tudor period. Most towns sponsored plays enacted in town squares followed by the actors using the courtyards of taverns or inns (referred to as inn-yards) followed by the first theatres (great open-air amphitheatres and then the introduction of indoor theatres called playhouses). This popularity was helped by the rise of great playwrights such as William Shakespeare and Christopher Marlowe using London theatres such as the Globe Theatre.
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These elements were the reason why the band opted to perform in stadiums and arenas instead of outdoor amphitheatres. Describing the stage, Lance Bass stated, "It's amazing with the pyro and different things. I can't really reveal a lot of the gags that we are going to do, but it's going to be very entertaining and we are going to get very close to everybody in the audience". Due to the limited number of dates performed, the stadium dates were centralized regionally, in order to give each fan a chance to see them.
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The building itself had a facade of peperino and travertine blocks. The interior vaults are of concrete. Its great corridor, long, raised above the forum on a massive substructure, is still partly preserved. This corridor was lighted through a series of arches divided by semi-detached columns of the Doric order, the earliest example of this class of decoration, which is in the Theatre of Marcellus, the Colosseum, and all the great amphitheatres throughout the Roman empire constituted the decorative treatment of the wall surface and gave scale to the structure.
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As of 2016, this was the last tour the group visited Australia, Southeast Asia or South Africa. In May 1994, the group visited North America on the "Summer Tour, '94". This was the second leg of North American dates promoting Songs of Faith and Devotion and took place mostly in outdoor venues and amphitheatres. The tour marked a tumultuous time for the group, with keyboardist Andrew Fletcher taking leave from touring duties after two months due to "mental instability" and lead singer Dave Gahan's continuing issues with drug addiction.
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Music in Albania extends to ancient Illyria and Greece, with influences from the Roman, Byzantine and Ottoman Empire. It is evident in archeological findings such as arenas, odeons, theatre buildings and amphitheatres, all over Albania. The remains of temples, libraries, sculptures and paintings of ancient dancers, singers and musical instruments, have been found in territories inhabited by the ancient Illyrians and ancient Greeks. The tradition of church singing was performed throughout the Middle Ages in the country's territory by choirs or soloists in ecclesiastical centers such as Berat, Durrës and Shkodër.
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The University of Oradea has three lecture halls, each with 640 seats, 22 amphitheatres with a total of 1940 seats, as well as 60 lecture and seminar rooms. The facilities of the university have a 200-seat dining hall and two dormitories for boarding students. The new library is still under construction which, when completed, will be one of the largest in Romania. The university has an additional facility at Stâna de Vale, in the Apuseni mountains of Bihor county, which includes accommodations as well as educational and recreational facilities.
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Xenophon, in his treatise Oeconomicus introduces magnificence within the meaning of wealth and social obligations.Antonio Cozzo, Le passioni economiche nella Grecia antica, Palermo, Sellerio, 1991. In keeping with the phenomenon of evergetism (as outlined by Paul Veyne), affluent citizens are called upon to offer many costly sacrifices such as building all sorts of public works, such as fortifications, war boats, temples, or amphitheatres; supplying an army with all the equipment and provisions it needed; offering entertainment and shows; hosting prominent foreign guests and regaling them with lavish hospitality.
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Radiohead toured North America, Europe, South America and Japan from May 2008 until March 2009. To determine how they could reduce carbon emissions for the tour, Radiohead commissioned the environmental group Best Foot Forward. Based on the findings, Radiohead played in amphitheatres in city centres to reduce reliance on flights for attendees, and used a carbon-neutral "forest" of LEDs on stage. In March 2008, Radiohead partnered with animation company Aniboom to create a contest whereby entrants submitted concepts for an animated music video for an In Rainbows song.
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The Reality Tour to promote In This Skin was the second concert tour by Jessica Simpson. While promoting the re-release of her album, Simpson stated in several interviews the possibility of a tour, wanting to break away from filming her TV series and connect with her fans. The tour was officially announced in May 2004 through various media outlets, with sponsorship from Ice Breakers and Proactiv Solution. Due to the popularity of the album, Simpson would play in arenas and amphitheatres, in contrast to her first tour performing in malls and festivals.
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Aerial view of Nîmes with the arena in the centre The Arena of Nîmes is a Roman amphitheatre, situated in the French city of Nîmes. Built around 70 CE, shortly after the Coliseum of Rome, it is one of the best-preserved Roman amphitheatres in the world. It is 133 meters long (145 yards) and 101 meters wide (110 yards), with an arena measuring 68 meters (74 yards) by 38 meters (32 yards). The outer facade is 21 meters high (69 feet) with two stories of 60 arcades.
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It is among the 20 largest Roman amphitheatres of the 400 in existence. In Roman times, the building could hold 24,000 spectators, who were spread over 34 tiers of terraces divided into four self-contained zones or maeniana. The arena served as a public event theatre built by the Romans as well as a gladiator fighting arena. Today, the Arena of Nîmes is the site of two annual bullfights during the Feria de Nîmes, and it is also used for other public events like the reenactment about antiquity "The great Roman Games" or concerts.
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Belvoir Gardens Belvoir Gardens was designed and landscaped by Elizabeth Howard, 5th Duchess of Rutland, who was married to John Manners, the 5th Duke of Rutland. It was created in 1799, the year Belvoir Castle was built. There are many unusual features to the gardens, for example the natural amphitheatre which faces the estate was formed by the moraines of glaciers and a 'root house' or summer house which survives to this day. These natural amphitheatres are now embedded with fresh water springs to ensure blooming plants throughout the year.
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From the ground floor, the stairs lead to the galleries and amphitheatres, by two direct, exterior entrances, along the lateral facades. The layout of the horseshoe-shaped hall holds 1328 seats, including the 6 large boxes, with one at the height of the first floor, intended as an alternative to a royal box. Between the audience and the stage is the orchestra pit, with independent entrances from the side facades. The stage and dressing rooms have side and rear entrances, that can be divided by a metallic cloth.
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Hollywood Casino Amphitheatre (originally World Music Theatre and formerly New World Music Theatre, Tweeter Center and First Midwest Bank Amphitheatre) is an outdoor music venue located in Tinley Park, Illinois, that opened in 1990. It is one of the largest music venues in the Chicago area, with a capacity of up to 28,000 spectators: 11,000 reserved seats and 17,000 lawn seats. It is a venue pulling fans from the city of Chicago, as well as surrounding suburbs and neighboring states. It is one of only a few large outdoor amphitheatres in the Chicago area.
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The waters were fringed with tea-tree, grass trees and paper bark, the last providing shelter. The large flat spaces of the swamp flood plains created natural amphitheatres for ceremonies and camping. From 1831, there were hostile encounters between settlers and Noongars that culminated in several executions and massacres that lead to the disintegration of the tribes and their retreat to the swamps and lakes north of the river. These were known to them as Boodjamooling, and became their main campsites and gathering places following their dispossession from traditional lands.
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An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis by Mogens Herman, , 2004, page 343, "Bouthroton (Bouthrotios)" The Durrës Amphitheatre is one of the largest amphitheatres in the Balkan peninsula, once having a capacity of 20,000 people. The lands comprising modern-day Albania were incorporated into the Roman Empire as part of the province of Illyricum above the river Drin, and Roman Macedonia (specifically as Epirus Nova) below it. The western part of the Via Egnatia ran inside modern Albania, ending at Dyrrachium. Illyricum was later divided into the provinces of Dalmatia and Pannonia.
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The volcano formed atop an east-west riftGeldemacher et al., 2000Ribeiro, 2001 in the oceanic crust along the African Plate, beginning during the Miocene epoch over 5 million years ago, continuing into the Pleistocene until about 700,000 years ago. This was followed by extensive erosion, producing two large amphitheatres open to south in the central part of the island. Volcanic activity later resumed, producing scoria cones and lava flows atop the older eroded shield. The most recent volcanic eruptions were on the west-central part of the island only 6,500 years ago, creating more cinder cones and lava flows.
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Highlighting archaeological examples from the ancient Graeco-Roman world, he looks at inscriptions on lead tablets that were buried in cemeteries and amphitheatres, both places associated with the dead. Moving on to the use of magic squares, Merrifield highlights various examples of the Sator square in archaeological contexts, before also discussing squares that contained numerical data with astrological significance. He rounds off the chapter with an examination of Post-Medieval curses and charms containing the written word, citing examples that have been found by archaeologists across Britain, hidden inside various parts of buildings.Merrifield 1987. pp. 137-158.
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The courts have ruled that a row of trees can be considered a "fence". Golf courses near residential communities will often have fences exceeding in height in order to prevent struck balls from flying out of the course and into the windshields of cars and windows of houses near the course. Such fences are not spite fences, and may actually be required. Outdoor arenas and amphitheatres also often use fences or other obstructions to prevent the viewing of their events by those who don't have tickets (which, although it may be unpopular with those whose free viewing is obstructed, is not necessarily spiteful).
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Henig, 152, but see Drijvers, H. J. W., Cults and Beliefs at Edessa, p. 191, 1980, Brill Archive, , 9789004060500 In Byzantine mosaic large scenes with animals tended to be hunting scenes (one of the largest being again at Apamea). These are, at least initially, drawn from the popular venatio ("hunting") displays in the amphitheatres, where a variety of exotic beasts were released to fight and be killed.Kondoleon, 271-314 Despite the contrast in atmosphere, the Berlin mosaic from a house in Miletus manages to combine both a venatio and an Orpheus with animals in its two parts.
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The amphitheatre was closed in 2009 due to its poor state of repair, especially the temple building. Following a £1.3 million appeal, the amphitheatre was restored and reopened with a performance of Antigone on 20 June 2014."Tragic tale marks new start for amphitheatre" Henley Standard 16 June 1914 The College decided not to rebuild the Victorian temple at the rear of the performing area because such "temples" are not true to the design of ancient Greek amphitheatres. The smaller skēnē creates space, making the performance of the plays easier and better enabling the theatre to be used for other drama including Shakespeare.
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While promoting the re-release of her album, Simpson stated in several interviews the possibility of a tour, wanting to break away from filming her TV series and connect with her fans. The tour was officially announced in May 2004 through various media outlets, with sponsorship from Ice Breakers and Proactiv Solution. Due to the popularity of the album, Simpson would play in arenas and amphitheatres, in contrast to her first tour performing in malls and festivals. With the outing, the singer's states she was happy to take a break from cameras following her every moves.
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This was followed by extensive erosion, producing two large amphitheatres open to south in the central part of the island. Volcanic activity later resumed, producing scoria cones and lava flows atop the older eroded shield. The most recent volcanic eruptions were on the west-central part of the island only 6,500 years ago, creating more cinder cones and lava flows. It is the largest island of the group with an area of , a length of (from Ponte de São Lourenço to Ponte do Pargo), while approximately at its widest point (from Ponte da Cruz to Ponte São Jorge), with a coastline of .
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Palladio's reconstruction of the Baptistry of Constantine. This was the building on which the Lower Tribune with its ring of eight Tuscan columns was based The Lower Tribune was essentially a waiting room (an ‘inner court’ or ‘vestibule’) for associates wishing to meet with Lord Burlington. The room is an octagon with eight Tuscan columns positioned around its perimeter. The architect Andrea Palladio made it clear that the Tuscan order of architecture, being the simplest of the five Roman orders, should only ever be used on the ground floor of a building as they were suitable for prisons, fortifications and amphitheatres.
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For the occasion, due to the relationship between the song "Rattle that Lock" and the SNCF jingle, SNCF joined with Sony Music for the special event. On the eve of the concert, a few selected people took a private TGV (High Speed Train) from Paris to Orange, and were afforded VIP status during the concert. Most of the venues on the European leg of the tour were Roman amphitheatres, similar to the one featured in Pink Floyd: Live at Pompeii (1971). Gilmour also played two historic venues in London: the Royal Albert Hall and KOKO (formerly the Camden Palace theatre).
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Built between 1966 and 1969 by the 4 Field Engineer Regiment, SLE as the Royal Primary School Hall, it was specially designed for local drama and music which required open air type auditorium in accordance to Natya Shastra. Funding for the construction and equipment came from the government and donations. Until it was built there were no purpose- built indoor theatres for the local arts, apart from the few open air amphitheatres. The foundation stone for the theatre was laid by the Minister for Education, I. M. R. A. Iriyagolla, on 11 November 1966 and it was officially opened by the Prime Minister Dudley Senanayake on 1 August 1969.
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Gilmour announced his first South American tour of five dates on 4 September 2015. Individual new dates were announced periodically until 2 February 2016, when a further 11 dates were added in Europe to take place in summer 2016. Most of the venues on the first European leg of the tour were at Roman amphitheatres. Gilmour also played the Royal Albert Hall as his only UK venue of the tour. He also played the historic Auditorium Theatre in Chicago, having last performed there with Pink Floyd in 1972. The touring band is made up of mostly the same musicians who accompanied Gilmour on his On an Island Tour of 2006.
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The tour was announced in February 2012, days before the band commenced their second tour. This tour saw the band performing in amphitheatres during the summer season. Band member Carlos Peña said the tour was "going to be crazy", allowing the band to do a more expansive show with a bigger set. This also marks the band's first performance in South America, headlining the Z Festival and Teens Live Festival. Commenting on the tour, the band stated: "We can’t wait to hit the road again. The Better with U Tour has been amazing and we’re incredibly grateful to our fans who have supported us and made our first [tour] a success".
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Around 12,000 students are currently enrolled at Singidunum University. The University has 20,000 m2 of high quality space, equipped with modern computer and internet infrastructure, audio-visual and other equipment necessary for efficient educational activities: 20 amphitheatres, 50 lecture halls, and 14 computer rooms. Internet access is available in the entire area of Singidunum University, where the centre for foreign languages, the library, offices for consultations, a bank and a student café are located as well.Official data published on the website of the University The Student Service of Singidunum University represents an info centre where students can get information regarding the studies and other activities at the University.
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The Into the Wild Tour (also known as Hurricane Tour and the Closer to the Edge Tour) was the second worldwide concert tour by American rock band Thirty Seconds to Mars in support of the band's third studio album, This Is War. The tour reached the Americas, Europe, Africa, Asia and Australasia over a two- year period and it marks the first major concert tour the band has performed in North America and Australia. Along with playing arenas and amphitheatres, the tour headlined at several festivals in Europe and Australia. The tour's namesake derives from a song entitled, "The Mission", that appears on the band's eponymous debut album.
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Bottle of Crystal Head vodka In 1992, Aykroyd and Hard Rock Cafe co-founder Isaac Tigrett founded the House of Blues, a chain of music venues, with the mission to promote African-American cultural contributions of blues music and folk art. Many other music and Hollywood personalities helped to finance it at its start. It began as a single location in Cambridge, Massachusetts, although other locations quickly followed, starting with a venue in New Orleans in 1994. In 2004, House of Blues became the second-largest live music promoter in the world, with seven venues and 22 amphitheatres in the United States and Canada.
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For example, according to Douglas (1927), the ox, mentioned by Samus, Philippus of Thessalonica and Antipater, killed by Philip V of Macedon on the foothills of mountain Orvilos, was actually an aurochs; Philip offered the horns which were 105 cm long and the skin to a temple of Hercules.Douglas, N. 1927: Birds and Beasts of the Greek Anthology. Florence. They survived in the wild in Europe till late in the Roman Empire and in 1847 were believed to be occasionally captured and exhibited in shows (venationes) in Roman amphitheatres such as the colosseum.The National Cyclopaedia of Useful Knowledge, Vol III, (1847), London, Charles Knight, p.368.
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Physical suffering and humiliation were considered appropriate retributive justice for the crimes they had committed. These executions were sometimes staged or ritualized as re-enactments of myths, and amphitheatres were equipped with elaborate stage machinery to create special effects.Suetonius, Nero 12.2Edmondson, p. 73. Tertullian considered deaths in the arena to be nothing more than a dressed-up form of human sacrifice.Tertullian, De spectaculis 12Edwards, pp. 59–60Potter (1999), p. 224. Modern scholars have found the pleasure Romans took in the "theatre of life and death"McDonald, Marianne and Walton, J. Michael (2007) Introduction to The Cambridge Companion to Greek and Roman Theatre. Cambridge University Press. p. 8.
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The winning submissions were chosen by the band and the grand prize winner received a personalized Black Gives Way To Blue gold record, VIP tickets to any date on the tour, a meet-and-greet with the band and an autographed poster. The tour kicked off on September 16 in Chicago and wrapped up on October 16 in Paradise, Nevada. The tour lasted for 19 shows over the course of one month and featured shows at both outdoor arena and amphitheatres and indoor venues. Alice in Chains' concert at the KeyArena in Seattle on October 8, 2010 was filmed in 3D for a future release.
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A plain astragal or taenia ringed the column beneath its plain cap. Palladio agreed in essence with Serlio: > The Tuscan, being rough, is rarely used above ground except in one-storey > buildings like villa barns or in huge structures like Amphitheatres and the > like which, having many orders, can take this one in place of the Doric, > under the Ionic.The Four Books on Architecture, Chapter 12 Unlike the other authors Palladio found Roman precedents, of which he named the arena of Verona and the Pula Arena, both of which, James Ackerman points out,Ackerman 1983:22. are arcuated buildings that did not present columns and entablatures.
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The University Campus has classrooms and amphitheatres, teaching, research and computer labs, architectural studios, a main library, student dormitories. Students and staff have access to facilities such as indoor and outdoor hotel-standard restaurant/cafeteria, outdoor swimming pool and snack pool bar, health centre with indoor swimming pool and gym, floodlit tennis courts, car park and 24-hour security service. The University is located in the western coastal Kato Paphos area, adjacent to the beltway and major coastal highway, which makes private and public transportation easy and fast. In addition, students and staff can benefit from the various amenities of the immediate areas surrounding the Campus.
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Teachers' wages is a problem wherewith the education system confronts. In Romania, a teacher is paid 9.3 lei net (2.09 euros) per hour, compared to other European countries, where wages are up to 40 times higher. In May 2015, starting from Timișoara, Galați and Constanța, students have occupied university amphitheatres, protesting "the disaster in academic environment and the lack of respect with which students were treated in decisions regarding the higher education system". Triggered by the National Alliance of Student Organizations in Romania, After failed negotiations with the Minister of Education Sorin Cîmpeanu, protests spread to other universities in Bucharest, Iași, Cluj-Napoca, Reșița, Oradea and Suceava.
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The spread of Christianity also changed the patterns of public beneficence: where a pagan Roman would often have seen himself as a homo civicus, who gave benefits to the public in exchange for status and honor, a Christian would more often be a new type of citizen, a homo interior, who sought to attain a divine reward in heaven and directed his beneficence to alms and charity rather than public works and games.Bomgardner, 207. These changes meant that there were ever fewer uses for amphitheatres, and ever fewer funds to build and maintain them. The last construction of an amphitheatre is recorded in 523 in Pavia under Theoderic.
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A special, shortened cut of the episodes was created to be played in-between the songs for the tour. Due to most outdoor venues being unable to accommodate the curtain, the band skipped the vast majority of the Post- Apocalypto songs at festivals and amphitheatres, starting the performance with "JB Jr. Rap" onwards, and then with a large backdrop of a crudely-drawn castle which was erected during "Rize of the Fenix". The performance at Red Rocks Amphitheatre in Colorado on July 25, 2019 featured the Colorado Symphony orchestra throughout the performance. The July performance at the Palace Theater was broadcast on Oculus Rift.
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Petitions could be submitted to the editor (as magistrate) in full view of the community. Factiones and claques could vent their spleen on each other, and occasionally on Emperors. The emperor Titus's dignified yet confident ease in his management of an amphitheatre crowd and its factions were taken as a measure of his enormous popularity and the rightness of his imperium. The amphitheatre munus thus served the Roman community as living theatre and a court in miniature, in which judgement could be served not only on those in the arena below, but on their judges.. Even emperors who disliked munera were thus obliged to attend them... Amphitheatres also provided a means of social control.
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The Valenciennes Passion Play Depending on the area of the performances, the plays were performed in the middle of the street, on pageant wagons in the streets of great cities (this was inconvenient for the actors because the small stage size made stage movement impossible), in the halls of nobility, or in the round in amphitheatres, as suggested by current archaeology in Cornwall and the southwest of England. The most detailed illustration of a mystery play stage design is the frontispiece to Hubert Cailleau's The Passion and Resurrection of the Savior. All medieval stage production was temporary and expected to be removed upon the completion of the performances. Actors, predominantly male, typically wore long, dark robes.
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Gladiatorial schools and other support buildings were constructed nearby within the former grounds of the Domus Aurea. Vespasian's decision to build the Colosseum on the site of Nero's lake can be seen as a populist gesture of returning to the people an area of the city which Nero had appropriated for his own use. In contrast to many other amphitheatres, which were on the outskirts of a city, the Colosseum was constructed in the city centre, in effect, placing it both symbolically and precisely at the heart of Rome. Construction was funded by the opulent spoils taken from the Jewish Temple after the First Jewish–Roman War in 70 CE led to the Siege of Jerusalem.
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Pula Arena, built in 27 BC – 68 AD, is among the six largest surviving Roman amphitheatres in the world. After a series of conflicts, the Romans conquered the Histri and took power of the Istria peninsula in 178 and 177 BC. Romans established the port of Pietas Iulia (modern Pula) and gradually converting the inland areas into latifundia, large estates worked by colonists and locals. Although pockets of Illyrian resistance remained in the hilly interior, they succumbed in time to the Romans’ combination of military and economic superiority. Although Pula is Istria's only settlement to preserve significant evidence of the Romans (principally its Forum and Amphitheater), most of Istria's major settlements were established in this period.
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The Roman Pantheon The Roman Architectural Revolution, also known as the Concrete Revolution, was the widespread use in Roman architecture of the previously little-used architectural forms of the arch, vault, and dome. For the first time in history, their potential was fully exploited in the construction of a wide range of civil engineering structures, public buildings, and military facilities. These included amphitheatres, aqueducts, baths, bridges, circuses, dams, domes, harbours, temples, and theatres. A crucial factor in this development, which saw a trend toward monumental architecture, was the invention of Roman concrete (opus caementicium), which led to the liberation of shapes from the dictates of the traditional materials of stone and brick.
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Roman amphitheatres first appeared in Southern Italy in the second century BCE and were specifically designed for putting on spectacular combats between gladiators or animal fights, this new type of construction took the form of two theatres set face to face with an oval arena which allowed everyone, wherever they were sitting, to see the spectacles being acted out in the sand covering below, without danger of missing anything. At its high point, in the first and second centuries, the Roman Empire was a prosperous, urbanised society. In the third century CE, this stability was broken by crisis. The empire was torn apart by civil wars, the barbarians became more frightening and epidemics made the whole situation worse.
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Breval was probably again engaged as travelling governor to young gentlemen of position. In the account of Paris given in the second volume of his 'Remarks'J. D. Breval, Remarks on several parts of Europe: relating chiefly to their Antiquities and History, collected upon the Spot in several Tours since the year 1723 and illustrated by upwards of forty copper plates... among which are the Ruins of several Temples, Theatres, Amphitheatres, Triumphal Arches and other unpublished Monuments of the Greek and Roman Times, in Sicily and the South of France, London, H. Lintot, vol. i-ii, 1738, dedicated this time to "Charles, Duke of Richmond, Lenox and Aubigni" (sic), grandson of King Charles II (who was protector of his father) (in Google Books).
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Pula Arena, one of the six largest surviving Roman amphitheatres Settlements along the Adriatic dating to between 6100 and 5900 BC appear in Albania and Dalmatia on the eastern coast, related to the Cardium pottery culture. During classical antiquity, Illyrians inhabited the eastern Adriatic coast, and the western coast was inhabited by the peoples of Ancient Italy, mainly Etruscans, before the Roman Republic's rise. Greek colonisation of the Adriatic dates back to the 7th and 6th centuries BC when Epidamnos and Apollonia were founded. The Greeks soon expanded further north establishing several cities, including Epidaurus, Black Corcyra, Issa and Ancona, with trade established as far north as the Po River delta, where the emporion (trading station) of Adria was founded.
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Depending on the area of the performances, the plays were performed in the middle of the street, on pageant wagons in the streets of great cities (this was inconvenient for the actors because the small stage size made stage movement difficult), in the halls of nobility, or in the round in amphitheatres, as suggested by current archaeology in Cornwall and the southwest of England. All medieval stage production was temporary and expected to be removed upon the completion of the performances. Actors, predominantly male, typically wore long, dark robes. Medieval plays, such as the Wakefield cycle or the Digby Magdalene, featured lively interplay between two distinct areas—the wider spaces in front of the raised staging areas, and the elevated areas themselves (called, respectively, the platea and the locus).
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Stele of the Amphitheatre of the Three Gauls The amphitheatre was expanded at the start of the 2nd century, according to J. Guey by C. Julius Celse, procurator of Gallia Lugdunensis from 130 to 136. Two galleries were added around the old amphitheatre, raising its width from 25 metres to 105 metres and its capacity to about 20,000 seats (though this was still modest compared to the amphitheatres at Nîmes and Arles). In so doing it made it a building open to the whole population of Lugdunum and its environs. Historians identify the building as the site of Saints Blandina and Pothinus's martyrdoms as part of the persecution in 177 and a post in the middle of the arena commemorates this event and Pope John-Paul II's visit to Lyon in 1986.
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Their customers ranged from the perfumers of Rosetta, in Egypt, to physicians in Gaza to townsfolk in Rhodes, who wore pouches of saffron in order to mask the presence of malodorous fellow citizens during outings to the theatre. For the Greeks, saffron was widely associated with professional courtesans and retainers known as the hetaerae. Large dye works operating in Sidon and Tyre used saffron baths as a substitute; there, royal robes were triple-dipped in deep purple dyes; for the robes of royal pretenders and commoners, the last two dips were replaced with a saffron dip, which gave a less intense purple hue. The ancient Greeks and Romans prized saffron as a perfume or deodoriser and scattered it about their public spaces: royal halls, courts, and amphitheatres alike.
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Publicity photo of animal trainer Gunther Gebel-Williams with several of his trained tigers, promoting him as "superstar" of the Ringling Brothers and Barnum and Bailey Circus circa 1969. In Ancient Roman times, tigers were kept in menageries and amphitheatres to be exhibited, trained and paraded, and were often provoked to fight humans and exotic beasts. Since the 17th century, tigers, being rare and ferocious, were sought after to keep at European castles as symbols of their owners' power. Tigers became central zoo and circus exhibits in the 18th century: a tiger could cost up to 4,000 francs in France (for comparison, a professor of the Beaux-Arts at Lyons earned only 3,000 francs a year), or up to $3,500 in the United States, where a lion cost no more than $1,000.
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Bullrings evolved as specialized sporting arenas hand-in-hand with the sport that demanded them. Many of the ancient Roman amphitheatres had characteristics that can be seen in the bullrings of today (in fact the ring in Nîmes, France, is a Roman artifact, though it is more elliptical than the usual plaza), and the origin of bullfighting is very closely related to certain Roman traditions; in the formative years of the sport on the Iberian Peninsula, those Roman enclosures were not commonly utilised for bullfighting events. Back when bullfighting festivals were conducted principally on horseback, the spectacle was a more public affair that took place in the city's open plaza area. It was only later, when bullfights were conducted principally by men on foot, that the public needed a structure to house them appropriately.
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Not only did the crowd need special seating to view the spectacle, they also needed a structure to contain the general disorder that reigned at festivals during the heyday of such legendary figures as Costillares, Pedro Romero, and Pepe-Hillo. In these early days, the circular form was not to be taken for granted. When La Maestranza bullring in Seville was authorized for construction in 1730 specifically to house bullfights, the original plans called for a rectangular arena for the first three years, only later to be changed to a circular form that avoided the cornering of the action and put all viewers at the same approximate distance, the same reason for the elliptical form of amphitheatres. Another circular plaza was begun in Ronda in 1754, and it featured its first bullfights in 1782.
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Two years later, following its defeat at the Battle of Arausio: > ...weapons training was given to soldiers by P. Rutilius, consul with C. > Mallis. For he, following the example of no previous general, with teachers > summoned from the gladiatorial training school of C. Aurelus Scaurus, > implanted in the legions a more sophisticated method of avoiding and dealing > a blow and mixed bravery with skill and skill back again with virtue so that > skill became stronger by bravery's passion and passion became more wary with > the knowledge of this art. The military were great aficionados of the games, and supervised the schools. Many schools and amphitheatres were sited at or near military barracks, and some provincial army units owned gladiator troupes.. As the Republic wore on, the term of military service increased from ten to the sixteen years formalised by Augustus in the Principate.
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Pula Arena interior Punta Verudela The city is best known for its many surviving ancient Roman buildings, the most famous of which is its 1st-century amphitheatre, which is among the six largest surviving Roman arenas in the world. and locally known as the Arena. This is one of the best preserved amphitheatres from antiquity and is still in use today during summer film festivals. During the World War II Italian fascist administration, there were attempts to dismantle the arena and move it to mainland Italy, which were quickly abandoned due to the costs involved. Two other notable and well-preserved ancient Roman structures are the 1st-century AD triumphal arch, the Arch of the Sergii and the co-eval Temple of Augustus, built in the 1st century AD built on the forum during the reign of the Roman emperor Augustus.
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In October 2008, the club announced that it was planning for the Northumberland Development Project with a 60,000-capacity stadium. In December 2008, images for the new stadium were released, followed by plans for the project with a 58,000-capacity stadium in April 2009 for public consultation. In this plan, the new stadium would be built alongside the existing White Hart Lane. The stadium was designed by KSS Design Group, While the project masterplan was by Make Architects and it contained a public square and two amphitheatres designed by Martha Schwartz Partners, with Buro Happold responsible for the engineering and technical aspects of the build. In October 2009, planning application for a 56,000-seat stadium including proposal for 434 new homes, a 150-room hotel, a club museum and shop, and a supermarket was submitted, with a view to start construction in 2010.
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His acute social conscience seemed to lie easily alongside a love of life with all its joys: of good food, wine and clothes, comfortable houses and luxury cars, made possible only by his entrepreneurial bent and an extremely strong work ethic which produced a steady flow of royalty payments from several decades of sales of his study guides in Britain and the United States. As an entry in the School Magazine (July 1962) announcing his departure, put it: "nestling in his briefcase alongside L5A's exercises were the latest brochures on refrigerators, washing machines, caravanserai, nuclear disarmament, brilliant new textbooks, and resurrections of long defunct amphitheatres". An obituary in the Liverpool Daily Post on 13 March 1993 said "His influence lives on in the minds of the boys he taught and the strength of popular theatrical productions in Liverpool". He became a Justice of the Peace, (J.
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These changes can be used to date the changeover from Cornish to English in local speechways, which together with later documentary evidence enables the areas within which Cornish successively survived to be identified. Middle Cornish is best represented by the Ordinalia, which comprise a cycle of mystery plays written in Cornish, it is believed at Glasney College, Kerrier, in west Cornwall, between 1350 and 1450, and performed throughout areas where the language was still extant in open-air amphitheatres (playing-places or 'rounds' - plenys-an-gwary in Cornish) which still exist in many places. There is also a surviving religious poem Pascon agan Arluth (The Passion of Our Lord) which enable a linguistic corpus of Middle Cornish to be ascertained. Later miracle play compositions include: Beunans Meriasek (the Life of St. Meriadoc) datable to 1504; and William Jordan of Helston's Gwreans an Bys (The Creation of the World).
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The interior of the Colosseum, an amphitheatre in Rome (built 72–80 CE), considered one of the greatest works of architecture and engineering An amphitheatre or amphitheater () is an open-air venue used for entertainment, performances, and sports. The term derives from the ancient Greek ἀμφιθέατρον (amphitheatron),ἀμφιθέατρον, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, '56'An Intermediate Greek-English Lexicon, on Peseus from ἀμφί (amphi), meaning "on both sides" or "around"ἀμφί, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek- English Lexicon, on Perseus and θέατρον (théātron), meaning "place for viewing".θέατρον, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus Ancient Roman amphitheatres were oval or circular in plan, with seating tiers that surrounded the central performance area, like a modern open-air stadium. In contrast both ancient Greek and ancient Roman theatres were built in a semicircle, with tiered seating rising on one side of the performance area.
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Although the Romans did not worship wolves, killing them was likely considered taboo; unlike the Etruscans, the Romans very rarely sacrificed wolves in rituals, and no records have been found of wolves being used in the amphitheatres, despite being more numerous and easily accessible compared to other, more exotic animals used. The use of wolves in Roman folk medicine, while attested by Pliny the Elder, was minimal compared to other animals such as snakes or bears and, contrary to popular imagery, Roman standard bearers did not wear wolf skins, with the only units attested to have worn them being the velites, who were the poorest and youngest warriors using the wolf skins to distinguish themselves. Wolves entering cities or temples were usually only killed when the animal had no means of escape, unlike the case with wasps, oxen, and owls, which were quickly eliminated if they entered sacred areas. Negative attitudes towards wolves in Italy largely began with the invasion of the Lombards, who zoomorphically described their raids and invasions as wolf raids, bringing wolves into disrepute.
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Pont du Gard in France, a Roman aqueduct The Roman Empire expanded from Italia across the entire Mediterranean region between the 1st century BC and 1st century AD. Its most advanced and economically productive provinces outside of Italia were the Eastern Roman provinces in the Balkans, Asia Minor, Egypt, and the Levant, with Roman Egypt in particular being the wealthiest Roman province outside of Italia.Maddison, Angus (2007), Contours of the World Economy, 1–2030 AD: Essays in Macro-Economic History, p. 55, table 1.14, Oxford University Press, The Roman Empire developed an intensive and sophisticated agriculture, expanded upon existing iron working technology, created laws providing for individual ownership, advanced stone masonry technology, advanced road-building (exceeded only in the 19th century), military engineering, civil engineering, spinning and weaving and several different machines like the Gallic reaper that helped to increase productivity in many sectors of the Roman economy. Roman engineers were the first to build monumental arches, amphitheatres, aqueducts, public baths, true arch bridges, harbours, reservoirs and dams, vaults and domes on a very large scale across their Empire.
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Engaged columns embedded in a side wall of the cella of the Maison Carrée at Nîmes (France) In architecture, an engaged column is a column embedded in a wall and partly projecting from the surface of the wall, sometimes defined as semi- or three-quarter detached. Engaged columns are rarely found in classical Greek architecture, and then only in exceptional cases, but in Roman architecture they exist in abundance, most commonly embedded in the cella walls of pseudoperipteral buildings. In the temples it is attached to the cella walls, repeating the columns of the peristyle, and in the theatres and amphitheatres, where they subdivided the arched openings: in all these cases engaged columns are utilized as a decorative feature, and as a rule the same proportions are maintained as if they had been isolated columns. In Romanesque work the classic proportions were no longer adhered to; the engaged column, attached to the piers, has always a special function to perform, either to support subsidiary arches, or, raised to the vault, to carry its transverse or diagonal ribs.
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Winkleman's numerous roles while at Cambridge University included the Bride in García Lorca's Blood Wedding, which toured the amphitheatres of Greece, Elizabeth in Six Degrees of Separation, which played at the Edinburgh Festival, Abigail in Arthur Miller's The Crucible, Dockdaisy in Bertolt Brecht's The Resistible Rise of Arturo Ui, Kate in Alan Ayckbourn's Confusions, Madame de Merteuil in Christopher Hampton's Les Liaisons Dangereuses and Fraulein Kost in Kander and Ebb's Cabaret all at the ADC. Winkleman's stage career after Cambridge includes a season at the Royal Shakespeare Company, where she played Veronique in Laurence Boswell's adaptation of Beauty and the Beast and a summer in Bath with the Peter Hall Company playing a variety of roles including Archangela in Galileo's Daughter directed by Peter Hall, a new play by Timberlake Wertenbaker, Violet in George Bernard Shaw's Man and Superman directed by Peter Hall, and Charlotte in Molière's Don Juan, directed by Thea Sharrock. In 2012 she played Helena in Eric Idle's musical What About Dick at the Orpheum Theatre in downtown Los Angeles, alongside Eddie Izzard, Russell Brand and Billy Connolly.
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These plays appear to have attracted members of a higher social class than was the norm at the Bankside and Shoreditch theatres, and the admission price (sixpence for a cheap seat) probably excluded the poorer patrons of the amphitheatres. Prefaces and internal references speak of gallants and Inns of Court men, who came not only to see a play but also, of course, to be seen; the private theatres sold seats on the stage itself. The Blackfriars playhouse was also the source of other innovations which would profoundly change the nature of English commercial staging: it was among the first commercial theatrical enterprises to rely on artificial lighting, and it featured music between acts, a practice which the induction to Marston's The Malcontent (1604) indicates was not common in the public theatres at that time. In the years around the turn of the century, the children's companies were something of a phenomenon; a reference in Hamlet to "little eyasses" suggests that even the adult companies felt threatened by them.
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The Elizabethan era is appropriately famous for the construction of the earliest permanent professional playhouses in Britain, starting with James Burbage's The Theatre in 1576 and continuing through the Curtain (1577), the Rose, Swan, Globe and others —; a development that allowed the evolution of the drama of Christopher Marlowe, William Shakespeare, Ben Jonson and their contemporaries and successors. Prior to the building of The Theatre, plays were sometimes staged in public halls, the private houses of aristocrats, or royal palaces —; but most often, and most publicly, they were acted in the courtyards of inns. (It is an often-stated truism of the critical literature that the open-air public theatres or amphitheatres of Burbage and his successors were modeled on the inn yards, with their surrounding balconies, open space in the center, and stage to one side.) Though the surviving documentary record is frustratingly limited, "it seems certain that some of the inn-yards were converted into something like permanent theatres."F. E. Halliday, A Shakespeare Companion 1564–1964, Baltimore, Penguin, 1964; p. 243.
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