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"aiguille" Definitions
  1. a sharp-pointed pinnacle of rock
"aiguille" Synonyms
acme summit apex pinnacle crown peak crest top brow tip vertex mountaintop head height cap spire ridge brink roof hilltop mountain hill alp tor ben bluff crag inselberg massif mount puy serac berg cordillera elevation eminence escarpment fell More
"aiguille" Antonyms
base bottom nadir abyss canyon chasm depth lowland ravine valley depression lowness rock bottom unimportance foot floor root worst gorge gully vale dale dingle glen hollow pass basin dene nullah trough wadi clough combe

273 Sentences With "aiguille"

How to use aiguille in a sentence? Find typical usage patterns (collocations)/phrases/context for "aiguille" and check conjugation/comparative form for "aiguille". Mastering all the usages of "aiguille" from sentence examples published by news publications.

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The cable car connects Aiguille du Midi peak on the French side of the mountain and the Helbronner summit on the Italian border.
But no ice axes are required to tour the Aiguille du Midi complex where you can browse exhibits on the history of mountaineering and the geology of the Mont Blanc massif.
The 5-km (3-mile) ride between the Aiguille du Midi peak and the Helbronner summit, at the border between France and Italy, is at an altitude of over 3,000 metres (9,840 feet).
The cable cars are suspended between mountains Aiguille du Midi and Pointe Helbronner in the Chamonix resort area in France, around 1.6 miles above the ground, the French National Police said, according to ABC News.
These added attractions helped increase the sales of unlimited daily ski passes 15 percent and sent the number of rides up to the Aiguille du Midi soaring 65 percent compared with last year, Ms. Martinez said.
THE slightly leaning point of the Aiguille de la République, in the Mont Blanc range, is just large enough for a nerveless climber to sit and admire the view: 2,300 metres of empty air between his perch and the glacier below.
If you're visiting in the new year, start your final day in Chamonix by taking the stomach-dropping cable car ride up to the top of the Aiguille du Midi, an icy, steep peak that hosts a cluster of buildings and walkways for visitors to explore (€61.50 round trip; closed for repairs until later this month).
It was saved by the unique gold mine on its doorstep — Mont Blanc, Western Europe's highest mountain, which can be best viewed from a ride up to the nearby peak, the 12,600-foot-high Aiguille du Midi, and other scenic tours that don't involve skiing, but are included in the region's unlimited ski pass, together with the local swimming pool, ice skating rink and museum.
The Aiguille du Jardin (4,035 m) is a summit on the east ridge of Aiguille Verte in the Mont Blanc massif in Haute-Savoie, France.
The Aiguille du Tour () is a mountain in the Mont Blanc massif, located on the border between Switzerland and France. The voie normale on the mountain is graded F (facile) and can be climbed from either the Albert Premier Hut on the French side or the Trient Hut on the Swiss side. The Aiguille du Pissoir (3,440 m) and the Aiguille Purtscheller (3,475 m) are secondary summits located respectively north and south of the Aiguille du Tour.
The Grande Aiguille Rousse is a mountain peak of the Graian Alps in Savoie, France, situated between the Maurienne and Tarentaise valleys near the Italian border. Reaching an altitude of , it exceeds its junior to the west, the Petite Aiguille Rousse, by just . Not far from Levanna, the Grande Aiguille Rousse overlooks Serrù Lake and the Gran Paradiso National Park in Italy.
Aiguille Blanche de Peuterey (extreme left, top), Aiguille Noire de Peuterey (right) King was an adventurous mountaineer. He was the first to reach the summits of Mont Maudit with William Edward Davidson and guides Johann Jaun d. J. and Johann von Bergen on 12 September 1878, and Aiguille Blanche de Peuterey (Pointe Güssfeldt) with guides Emile Rey, Ambros Supersaxo and Aloys Anthamatten on 31 July 1885.Database of first mountaineers to reach summits The SE summit of the Aiguille Blanche de Peuterey () is named Point Seymour King in his honour.
Straton and Charlet climbed together for twenty years and eventually married. Some of the ascents they made together included the Aiguille du Midi, the Aiguille de Blaitière, the Dents du Midi, and the Dom. In 1875 they made the first ascent of a peak on the Aiguille de Triolet, which Charlet named Pointe Isabella. This peak actually has two summits joined by a small ridge.
Battery Panaux, with two turrets, was placed in service in 1940, remaining in service until 1994. Lighter guns were installed for local defense. From 1907 the Batterie Aiguille at the east end of the Aiguille crest covered the direction of Javerne with 75mm guns. Two more guns installed in an open position between Righi and the Aiguille in 1909 formed the Batterie Golèze, covering the area of Demècre.
Paradiski in total has 425 km of pistes. From the base of the gondola up to the Aiguille Rouge, at 2670 m. To the right is the Aiguille Grive. Les Arcs has the reputation of being one of the original French "mega-resorts".
A panoramic view of Mont Blanc from Aiguille du Midi The name "Aiguille du Midi" translates as Needle of the Mid-day, and is so-named from the sun appearing over its summit around noon when viewed from the church in Chamonix.
Aiguille Peak is a peak located on the Canadian provincial boundary of Alberta and British Columbia in Banff National Park. It was named in 1915 by Arthur O. Wheeler. "Aiguille" is French for "needle" and is also a mountaineering term for a sharp-ridged summit.
The Aiguille de la Brenva () is a remote rocky mountain peak in the Mont Blanc massif of the Alps. It lies wholly within Italy on a ridge descending south- east from the Tour Ronde. It has been described as "a spectacular fin with a fine E face". It stands on a ridge separating the Entrèves glacier from the Brenva glacier, yet is somewhat overshadowed by its larger neighbours, such as the Aiguille Blanche and the Aiguille Noire de Peuterey.
View from the Aiguille du Midi. Left to right: Grand Flambeau, Aiguille de Toule, Aiguilles d'Entrèves and Tour Ronde The Aiguille de Toule () is a mountain peak in the Mont Blanc massif of the Alps. Its summit is one of a number which form part of the mountainous frontier ridge between France and Italy which descends eastwards from Mont Blanc and continues towards the Grandes Jorasses and Mont Dolent. It is situated at the head of the Géant Glacier.
Boivin made the first ski descents of the following mountains and faces, amongst others: the Frendo Spur on the Aiguille du Midi on 2 July 1977; the south face of Huascarán and the north faces of Pisco and Kitarahu (all in the Andes) in 1978; the east face of the Matterhorn, on which he skied slopes of more than 60 degreesLouis W. Dawson, Wild Snow: 54 Classic Ski and Snowboard Descents of North America, The Mountaineers Books, 1998, p. 19 (from the Shoulder, after which he soloed the Schmid route on the north face in 4 hours 10 minutes) on 6 June 1980; Y-shaped Gully on the Aiguille Verte on 26 February 1985; Nant Blanc face of the Aiguille Verte on 12 June 1989. On 17 April 1987 he made a ski enchaînement of five descents: south-east face of the Aiguille du Moine (1st descent); south face of the Aiguille du Dru (1st descent); Whymper Couloir on the Aiguille Verte; north-east face of Les Courtes; finishing off with a descent of the Grandes Jorasses.Jean-Marc BOIVIN: SKI EXTREME, jeanmarcboivin.free.
Both Jones and his wife were killed in an accident on their honeymoon in Switzerland, while climbing the Aiguille Rouge de Peuterey 2941m a subpeak of Aiguille Noire de Peuterey on 15 August 1912; their guide, Julius Truffer, slipped and fell on Jones, and all three dropped nearly 1,000 feet to the Fresnay Glacier. Alpinist Paul Preuss witnessed the accident. They were buried at Courmayeur. The north summit of the Aiguille Blanche de Peuterey was named La Pointe Jones in his honour.
The Chambeyron Massif, with Aiguille de chambeyron near left Aiguille de Chambeyron has two summits, with the west one being the slightly higher. Two small glaciers existed on its north side, although they have now all but vanished. W.A.B. Coolidge and Christian Almer were the first to climb Chambeyron in 1879.
The Aiguille des Grands Charmoz (3,445 m) is a mountain in the Mont Blanc Massif in Haute-Savoie, France.
View from the Aiguille du Midi. Left to right: Grand Flambeau, Aiguille de Toule, Aiguilles d'Entrèves and Tour Ronde The Grand Flambeau () is a mountain peak in the Mont Blanc massif of the Alps. It is situated at the head of the Géant Glacier, approximately 0.5km east of the Aiguille de Toule, between the Col Orientale de Toule and the Col de Saussure. Its summit is one of a number which form part of the mountainous frontier ridge between France and Italy which runs eastwards from Mont Blanc towards the Grandes Jorasses and Mont Dolent.
Brec de Chambeyron (3389 meters) Ubaye Valley's highest mountain is the Aiguille de Chambeyron (). The second one is the Brec de Chambeyron ().
The Aiguille du Chardonnet is most easily reached from the Albert Premier Hut, though the Trient Hut and Saleina Hut also give access.
The Aiguille Dibona in France is named after Angelo Dibona. Angelo Dibona (7 April 1879 – 21 April 1956) was a South Tyrolean mountaineer. He is remembered as one of the great pioneers of climbing in the Dolomites and is responsible for many first ascents throughout the Alps. The Aiguille Dibona in France and the Campanile Dibona in Italy are named after him.
It is not recommended for small children and dogs. There is rock climbing on nearby formations, such as the Aiguille de St. Peter formation.
It flows for a total distance of 12 kilometres, covering an area of 32 square kilometres in the central third of the Mont Blanc massif. From the Aiguille du Tacul, the Mer de Glace flows north-north-west between Aiguille du Moine on the east and Trélaporte on the west. It descends below Montenvers, at which point it is approximately 0.5 km wide, and descends to approximately .
At the crossroads of the Maurienne and Tarentaise valleys, not far from the Col de l'Iseran, the Grande Aiguille Rousse lies in the region where the waters that flow through these great alpine valleys diverge. It is part of a series of mountains that define the frontier between Savoie and the Italian regions of Piedmont and the Aosta Valley, including such peaks as the Pointe de Ronce, the Bessanèse, the Levanna, and the . The Grande Aiguille Rousse is shared by the communes of Val-d'Isère and Bonneval-sur-Arc. Northern view of the Grande Aiguille Rousse and its neighboring peaks, taken from the summit of the Grand Cocor at .
Born in Chelles, Pierre was trained as a lawyer and ran his family's textile business, and was a mountaineer on the side. He made a number of notable ascents in the Alps, including of the north face of the Aiguille du Dru and the northwest face of La Civetta. He made the second ascent of the Piz Badile's northeast face, and was a lead climber on the first ascents of a route on the Aiguille des Aigles and the face of the Aiguille de la Brenva. In 1951 he climbed in the Hoggar Mountains in southern Algeria, making a number of first ascents--he returned to the mountain range in 1961.
The Tour Noir is a mountain in the Mont Blanc massif on the Swiss-French border. It is located between the Aiguille d'Argentière and Mont Dolent.
The Bertol Hut is situated on the Haute Route from Chamonix to Zermatt. Nearby peaks include the Dent Blanche, Aiguille de la Tsa and Tête Blanche.
The Aiguille de Triolet () is a mountain on the eastern part the Mont Blanc massif, on the border between France and Italy. Located on a long ridge that includes peaks such as Mont Dolent and Grandes Jorasses, the Aiguille de Triolet lies above the Argentière Glacier and is usually climbed from this side, starting at Chamonix. Its north face is regarded as one of the classic ice climbs of the Alps.
Geologically speaking, the Aiguille Marbrées is part of the 'Swiss Unit' of Mont Blanc, and consists mostly of medium to coarse grained granites, together with some porphyritic rocks.
The climbing technique Gaston was named after him. A photo of Rébuffat atop the Aiguille du Roc in the French Alps can be found on the Voyager Golden Records.
The Aiguille du Grépon (literally the Needle of Grépon), informally known as The Grepon, is a mountain in the Mont Blanc Massif in Haute-Savoie, France. The Grepon has a Southern (3,482 m) and Northern (3,478 m) peak, which are the highest points of a sharp granite ridge to the east of the Glacier des Nantillons above Chamonix and northeast of the Aiguille du Midi. A madonna statue is situated on the Southern peak.
Saleina Glacier with the Aiguille d'Argentière on the left The Saleina Glacier (, formerly spelled Saleinaz) is a long glacier (2002) situated on the north- eastern edge of the Mont Blanc Massif in the canton of Valais in Switzerland. It flows in a roughly north-easterly direction from the Aiguille d'Argentière, down towards the Val Ferret. The Saleina Hut sits above its right bank at an altitude of 2,691 meters above sea level.
The hut is run by the SAC, the Swiss Alpine Club, and has 130 beds. It is a popular base for mountaineers exploring the area, e.g. Aiguille du Tour etc.
The Petite Aiguille is a mountain of the Pennine Alps, situated near Bourg Saint Pierre in Switzerland. It is located on the ridge Les Maisons Blanches in the Grand Combin massif.
Les Grandes Otanes are a mountain of the Mont Blanc Massif, located on the border between Switzerland and France, north of the Aiguille du Tour. They overlook the Col de Balme.
Emmeline Lewis-Lloyd (18 November 1827 – 22 September 1913) was an early British alpine mountaineer. She was in the first party to climb Aiguille du Moine in 1871 with Jean Charlet.
The Aiguille des Angroniettes is a mountain of the Pennine Alps, located on the border between Switzerland and Italy. It lies on the main Alpine watershed, west of the Grand Golliat.
Argentière Hut, showing its position looking out over the Argentière glacier The Aiguille d'Argentiere The Argentière Hut (French: Refuge d'Argentière) is a refuge in the Mont Blanc massif in the Alps. Built in 1974 by the Club Alpin Français, it is located above the north bank of the Argentière Glacier in France at an altitude of 2,691 meters above sea level. The hut is wardened and has places for 120 people. It is most usually reached by means of the Grands Montets cable-car, and gives access to classic climbing routes on peaks such as the Aiguille d'Argentière, Tour Noir, Les Courtes and the Aiguille Verte, as well as the steep ice routes of the north walls of the Triolet-Courtes- Droites-Verte chain of mountains.
Three significant glaciers originate on the slopes of the mountain: The Glacier de Bionnassay, the Glacier de Bionnassay Italien, and the Glacier de Miage. The Glacier de Bionnassay is the most obvious glacial feature, arising on the north and north-west slopes of the Aiguille de Bionnassay as well as from the western side of the Dôme du Goûter and the Aiguille du Goûter. It descends for approximately 4.5 km, flowing north-westwards before turning north at the foot of the Nid d'Aigle to end some distance above the settlement of Bionnassay, continuing as the Torrent de Bionnassay. This hanging glacier on the north-west face of the Aiguille de Bionnassay provides a route of access for mountaineers with ice- climbing skills.
The Glacier de Bionnassay Italien arises from a cirque between the south eastern side of the Aiguille de Bionnassay, the Col de Bionnassay and the Calotte des Aiguilles Grises. It descends south-south west for 2.5 km below the Col Infranchissable, then turns south-east to merge with other glaciers, thence continuing as the Glacier du Miage (Ghiacciaio del Miage) – a total distance of approximately 9 km, forming the longest glacier in Italy. The Glacier de Miage – not to be confused with the much larger Glacier du Miage on the Italian side (see above) – forms from snows collecting between the Aiguille de Tricot and the south-western face of the Aiguille de Bionnassay. The glacier descends in a south-westerly direction for approximately 2.5 km.
The Aiguille Noire de Peuterey (3,773 m) is a mountain of the Mont Blanc massif in Italy, forming part of the Peuterey ridge to the summit of Mont Blanc with its higher neighbour, the Aiguille Blanche de Peuterey. The best- known route on the mountain is the south ridge (TD), first climbed by Karl Brendelet and Hermann Schaller, on 26 and 27 August 1930; it remains one of the great classic rock routes in the massif. The first ascent of the complete Peuterey ridge including the Aiguille Noire de Peuterey (the Intégrale) was on 28–31 July 1934 by Adolf Göttner, Ludwig Schmaderer and Ferdinand Krobath. On 21 August 2010 23-year-old Chloé Graftiaux, a leading Belgian sport climber, fell to her death on the mountain.
Ulrich Almer performs about fifteen premieres including those of the Aiguille de Blaitière and Aiguille de Triolet. In 1874, on the descent after an attempt at the south face of Mont Blanc, his roped party fell into a crevasse on the Brouillard glacier, JAG Marshal and Johann Fischer dying instantly; Ulrich Almer, unconscious but unharmed, manages to get out of the crevasse and join Courmayeur.Charles Henri Durier and , Le Mont-Blanc , reed. The Fountain of Siloam, 2000, p.
11 Boivin ran from below the summit on 40-degree slopes to launch his paraglider, reaching Camp II at in 12 minutes (some sources say 11 minutes)."Hang glider and Paraglider expeditions to Everest", flymicro.com, retrieved 2 October 2010 On 14 April 1988 he broke the record for distance travelled by paraglider, flying from Mont Maudit in the Mont Blanc massif, arriving at Orsière having flown over the Aiguille Verte, the Aiguille du Tour and Pointe d'Orny.
Ascent of Mont Blanc, showing route from Plan Glacier to Durier Hut, over Aiguille de Bionnassay, Dome du Gouter, Bosses ridge to Mont Blanc summit. Return route via Le Goûter is shown in blue. The Aiguille de Bionnassay (elevation ) is a mountain in the Mont Blanc massif of the Alps in France and Italy. It has been described as "one of the most attractive satellite peaks of Mont Blanc", and is located on its western side.
Bristow was born in Brixton, Surrey, to George Ledgard Bristow and his wife, Mary.1871 England Census She made her first significant mountain ascent in 1892 when she climbed the Aiguille des Grands Charmoz in the Mont Blanc massif with Albert F. Mummery and his wife Mary. With their success, Bristow and Mary Mummery became the first women to climb the mountain. In 1893, Bristow climbed the Aiguille du Grépon—the ascent for which she was best known.
The Aiguille des Glaciers () (3,816 m) is a mountain in the Mont Blanc massif of the Graian Alps. It lies on the borders of Savoie and Haute-Savoie in France and Aosta Valley in Italy. A fine pyramidal peak when seen to the south from the Italian side, Aiguille des Glaciers dominates the view from the upper Veny Valley, although it is less distinct from its French side. It is usually climbed from the Vallee des Glaciers in Savoie.
Cabane de Saleina Cabane de Saleinaz Cabane de Saleina - winter room Aiguille d'Argentière above the Saleina Glacier The Saleina Hut (French: Cabane de Saleina, formerly spelled Saleinaz) is a mountain hut in the Swiss Alps at 2,691 meters above sea level. It can be reached from the Val Ferret. The hut lies above the Saleina Glacier near the Aiguille d'Argentière in the Mont Blanc Massif, and has places for 48 people and is wardened between mid-June to mid-September.
Aiguille du Belvédère is a mountain of Haute-Savoie, France. It is the highest peak in the Aiguilles Rouges range of the French Prealps and has an altitude of above sea level. Lying to the northwest of Chamonix, Aiguille du Belvedere is a popular climb as its position high above the Chamonix valley provides it with fantastic views of the Mont Blanc massif to its east and the Bernese Alps to its north. Lac Blanc lies on its eastern slopes.
Argentière is located near the head of the valley of Chamonix approximately from Chamonix town. It is connected by road with Switzerland by the pass over the Col des Montets, and the Col de la Forclaz to Martigny in the Rhône valley. The village also lies on the route of the incredibly scenic Mont Blanc Express railway which runs from St Gervais and Le Fayet through Chamonix, Argentiere and Vallorcine before crossing the Franco/Swiss border at Chatelard, passing through Finhaut before reaching the end of the line in Martigny. The Argentière glacier lies to the southeast of the village, and is bound on its northeast side by the Aiguille du Chardonnet, the Aiguille d'Argentière and the Tour Noir, and on its southwest by the Aiguille Verte, Les Droites and Les Courtes.
The Aiguille du Croissant is a minor summit in the Grand Combin massif in the Pennine Alps, Switzerland. Because of its small prominence it was included in the enlarged list of alpine four-thousanders.
The Aiguille du Plan (3,673 m) is a mountain in the Mont Blanc massif in the French Alps. Its needle-like summit lies in the centre of the Chamonix Aiguilles when viewed from Chamonix.
E. S. Kennedy should not be confused with T. S. Kennedy of Leeds, an alpinist who made several first ascents during the same period (e.g. Dent Blanche (1862), Moine ridge of the Aiguille Verte (1865)).
The nearest town to the Aiguille de la Vanoise is Pralognan-la-Vanoise which is about 4 km in a direct line south-west of the peak. Pralognan-la-Vanoise can be reached by Highway D915 which runs east then south from Moûtiers. The highest mountain in the area is the Grande Casse of 3855m some 4 km north-east in a direct line of the Aiguille de la Vanoise. Other peaks in the area include the Grande Motte, the Dôme des Sonnailles, and Mont Pelve.
Aiguille Peak is composed of sedimentary rock laid down during the Precambrian to Jurassic periods. Formed in shallow seas, this sedimentary rock was pushed east and over the top of younger rock during the Laramide orogeny.
The Tierces section also has easier blue and red runs such as Coins (blue) and Tierces (red). From most places in the Tierces section one can, weather permitting, see a vivid panorama of Mont Blanc and its neighbouring peaks including Aiguille de Bionnassay and Domes de Miage. The Roselette section is a north-facing area of ski runs which range from blue to black, the hardest run in this section being the black of Olympique. The Aiguille de Rosselette towers over the majority of the section giving it its name.
Three webcams have been installed on the refuge, to allow climbers to observe in real time the weather conditions at high altitude, before climbing the Mont Blanc: one with view to the South and the Col de Bionnassay, the other towards the exit of the Couloir de Goûter and Tête Rousse, to the North, and the last one towards the Aiguille de Bionnassay, towards the West. The website Mountain Forecast provides specific climber directed weather reports for several summits in the vicinity of the hut: Aiguille de Bionnassay, Dôme du Goûter and Mont-Blanc.
The Fou team re-grouping at the L’Envers des Aiguille Hut in 1963: John Harlin II, Tom Frost, Gary Hemming, and Stewart Fulton. Stewart Fulton was a mountaineer from Scotland who climbed in the heyday of the "wild ones" in the sixties. This group was credited with putting up many new routes in the Alps during that time, most significantly the first ascent of the south face of the Aiguille Du Fou (with John Harlin, Tom Frost and Gary Hemming) a smooth wall of sheer rock long deemed to be unclimbable.
The first ascent of the Aiguille de Bionnassay was undertaken on 28 July 1865 by Florence Crauford Grove, Edward N. Buxton and Reginald S. McDonald, with guides Jean Pierre Cachat and Michel Payot. They ascended the north-west face to reach the ridge above the Aiguille de Tricot, from where they continued to the knife-edged summit ridge, arriving in a thunderstorm. A detailed account is given below. The mountain's south ridge was first climbed on 13 July 1888 by Kaspar Maurer, Andreas Jaun and the Austrian diplomat Georg Gruber.
Jackson began climbing in the 1870s with her husband; together they made the first ascents of the Weissmies' east face in 1876 and the Dom's west ridge in 1878. Jackson's husband died in 1881 but she continued to climb, with increasing frequency. In 1884 she, Alois Pollinger (a Swiss mountain guide) and Johann-Josef Truffer became the first climbers to descend the west ridge of the Dent Blanche. With Pollinger, her most frequent climbing partner, she also climbed the Aiguille du Dru in 1886 and the Aiguille des Grands Charmoz in 1887.
Aiguille de Péclet (3,561 m) is a mountain of Savoie, France. It lies in the Massif de la Vanoise in the Graian Alps east of the resort of Val Thorens, on the edge of the Vanoise National Park.
Baargeld also collaborated with Max Ernst on some of the collages used in Ernst's Fatagaga series. Baargeld gave up painting in 1921 and in 1927 died in an avalanche while climbing Aiguille de Bionnassay in the French Alps.
The Aiguille de l'A Neuve is a mountain of the Mont Blanc massif, located on the border between Switzerland and France. It lies close to the Tour Noir to the south. The closest locality is La Fouly (Valais).
The Pointe des Grands is a mountain of the Mont Blanc Massif, located on the border between France and Switzerland, north-west of the Aiguille du Tour. The mountain overlooks the Glacier des Grands on its (Swiss) northern side.
The Aiguille du Plat de la Selle, 3,596 m, is a mountain of the Massif des Écrins in the Dauphiné Alps in south-eastern France. Ascents of the mountain are via Saint-Christophe-en-Oisans or the Soreiller hut.
The Aiguille du Midi () is a mountain in the Mont Blanc massif within the French Alps. It is a popular tourist destination and can be directly accessed by cable car from Chamonix that takes visitors close to Mont Blanc.
The upper accumulation zones of the Brenva Glacier are enclosed by the Aiguille Noire de Peuterey, the Aiguille Blanche de Peuterey, Mont Blanc de Courmayeur, Mont Blanc, Mont Maudit, the Brenva Arête, the Tour Ronde, and the Aiguille de la Brenva. The Brenva Glacier is formed from three branches, and descends steeply in a south-easterly direction, passing through a narrow neck (known as the Pierre à Moulin) at above sea level (asl), and then falls sharply as a serac field, before reforming as a broad rock-covered glacial tongue. Since 2004, the lower section below the serac field has become completely separated from the upper section, resulting in the active front of the glacier now being at asl – some higher than it was previously. As at 1989, the Brenva Glacier had a maximum length of , and an area of , making it the eighth largest in Italy by area.
The Aiguille de la Tsa is a mountain of the Swiss Pennine Alps, overlooking Arolla in the canton of Valais. It lies on the range culminating at the Dent de Perroc, between the valley of Arolla and the Mont Miné Glacier.
The church in Les Praz, with the Aiguille du Dru visible behind Les-Praz-de- Chamonix (more commonly known as Les Praz) is a mountain village in the French Alps, part of the commune of Chamonix. Altitude: 1060 m (3477 ft.).
An article in the St. Petersburg Times about the Vauchers' success was titled "Swiss Housewife Steals Matterhorn Show", and when interviewed about her plans after the descent, Yvette answered, "to go have a hair-do – fast." Yvette and Michel Vaucher made numerous significant climbs in the Alps throughout the 1960s and 1970s, including Piz Badile, the Aiguille de Triolet, the Aiguille du Dru, the Eiger, the Große Zinne and the Grandes Jorasses. In 1966, they made the first direct ascent of the north face of the Dent Blanche. They climbed frequently with Loulou Boulaz and her partner Michel Darbellay.
Albert Premier Hut Albert Premier Hut with glacier in background The Albert Premier Hut (French: refuge Albert-Ier ), sometimes known as Albert 1er is located on the Haute Route between Chamonix, France and Zermatt, Switzerland. It is at above sea level. It is a popular hut with day hikers because of the short hike (2 to 3 hours) and beautiful views, like those into Chamonix Valley. The hut is usually used less by hikers attempting the entire Haute Route, but is popular as a base for climbers attempting the Aiguille du Chardonnet and the Aiguille du Tour.
The Aiguille de la Vanoise is surrounded by mountains and offers a panoramic view of the Vanoise massif, including the Grande Casse, the Pointe de la Réchasse, the Pointe du Dard, and the glaciers of the VanoiseJean-François Hagenmüller, François Marsigny, François Pallandre, Mountaineering: The first steps to big Climbs, édition Glénat, coll. "Montagne randonnée", 2009, p.68 to the east and south. To the west and the north the Pointe du Creux-Noir, the Pointe du Vallonnet, the Pointe du Volnets, the big and small Pointe de la Gliere, and the Pointes et aiguille de l'Épéna.
In Vanoise, the town is dominated by the Dent Parrachée at , the Pointe de l'Échelle at , the at , the Aiguille Doran at , the Dôme de Polset at or the Pointe Rénod at . To the south stand the Pointe de Longecôte at , the Aiguille de Scolette at , the Belle Plinier at , the Pointe d’Arrondaz at and also the at . These peaks, however, leave easy passages, particularly frequented during summer by hiking tourists, either to the Tarentaise Valley or to Italy. In addition, some welcome ski resorts located within walking distance of the town, among which are Aussois, and .
Chamonix-Mont-Blanc, more commonly known as Chamonix, is a commune in the Haute-Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in south-eastern France. It was the site of the first Winter Olympics in 1924. Situated to the north of Mont Blanc, between the peaks of the Aiguilles Rouges and the notable Aiguille du Midi, Chamonix is one of the oldest ski resorts in France. The Chamonix commune is popular with skiers and mountain enthusiasts, and via the cable car lift to the Aiguille du Midi it is possible to access the off-piste (backcountry) ski run of the Vallée Blanche.
Mont Aiguille from le Grand Veymont Geomorphologically, the mountain is a mesa-like outlier, that is to say, the remains of a plateau that has been otherwise eroded to leave only a single pillar of rock - weaker or fractured rocks (the so-called Jasneuf fault) between the current summit and the Vercors high plateau were eroded over time by over 400 metres, leaving the peak standing on its own. This has resulted in several unique features of Mont Aiguille, including the cliffs, which are almost identical to those on the eastern edge of the Vercors Plateau such as those on the edge of the Grand Veymont, which is the highest point of the range. Another feature resulting from this is the presence of meadows on the summit plateau, which are similar to those to the west on the rest of the Vercors plateau. Mont Aiguille is a limestone mesa, previously connected to the main body of the high plateau of the Vercors Massif.
The Grande Lui (3,509 m) is a mountain of the Mont Blanc massif, located west of La Fouly in the canton of Valais. It lies east of the Aiguille de l'A Neuve, on the range between the glaciers of Saleina and L'A Neuve.
Thus it remains the second longest span width, measured directly. The cable car travels from Chamonix to the top of the Aiguille du Midi – an altitude gain of over – in 20 minutes, costing around €60 for an adult-ticket from Chamonix and back.
The line runs from a connection with the SNCF at Saint-Gervais-les-Bains Le Fayet station to the Nid d'Aigle station at the Bionnassay glacier at an altitude of . The initial intention was for the line to reach the Aiguille du Goûter.
A storm-related traffic accident in northern Germany caused three deaths. A wind gust of was measured at on Aiguille du Midi, a new record since measurements began in 1993 on that mountain. The old record of dated back to 11 January 2008.
The Pointe des Berons is a mountain of the Mont Blanc Massif, located on the border between Switzerland and France. It lies approximately halfway between the Col de Balme and the Aiguille du Tour. The east (Swiss) side is covered by the Glacier des Berons.
In his early years, Marco Siffredi made several first descents in the Chamonix valley before extending his horizons to bigger peaks. In June 1999, he made the second-ever descent of Nant Blanc on the Aiguille Verte, after Jean-Marc Boivin’s ski descent in 1989.
It lies east of the Aiguilles d'Entrèves (from which it is separated by the Col Orientale de Toule) and west of the Grand Flambeau (from which it is separated by the Col Occidental de Toule.) It is sometimes referred to as the Aiguille de Toula.
The Dent Blanche According to Irving's address to the Alpine Club, entitled 'Five Years with Recruits', the Ice Club's series of controversial expeditions to climb some of the highest mountains in the Alps began in 1904, and peaks such as the Grand Combin, Dent Blanche, Aiguille du Blaitière, Bietschhorn, Aiguille de Bionnassay, Grunhorn, Mittaghorn, Aletschhorn, Monte Rosa and Mont Blanc were successfully ascended.'Five Years with Recruits', pp. 153–65. Rock climbing trips were also undertaken to Snowdonia, using the Pen-y-Gwryd hotel as a base, and snow craft was practised in the Scottish Highlands in winter.'Five Years with Recruits', p. 157.
The first attempt of this route (from the Aiguille du Goûter up to the Col du Dôme, but not further), was completed on 17 September 1784 by Jean Marie Couttet and François Cuidet. This was two years prior to the first successful attempt to reach Mont Blanc's summit in 1786. However, the first complete ascent of the mountain the via the Aiguille du Goûter, the Dôme du Goûter and L'Arête des Bosses (Bosses Ridge) was only accomplished on 18 July 1861, more than seventy years later. The first ascensionists were Leslie Stephen and Francis Fox Tuckett with the guides Melchior Anderegg, Johann-Josef Bennen and Peter Perren.
Alpine mountaineers descending from the Aiguille du Midi above Chamonix. Cosmiques Hut near Aiguille du Midi with climbers camping illegally on the glacier below it. July 2010 Construction work on the new Skyway Monte Bianco, 2014 Weather records show that since the 1960s there has been a trend of less snow at lower altitudes, whilst since the 1990s average mountain temperatures have increased more than at lower levels. Temperatures in Chamonix have risen by 1.5 °C over the last 75 years, and fresh snow build-up has halved there in the last 40 years, and there has been an increase in the melting and retreat of the massif's glaciers.
The glacier is located on the northwestern slopes of the Aiguille du Goûter, on the northern side of Mont Blanc and 11 km upstream of the town of Saint-Gervais. It lies at an altitude of 3,300 metres, descending to a height of , and is predominantly avalanche-fed from snows falling from the steep slopes of Aiguille du Goûter above. As at 2007, the glacier had a total area of 0.08 km² and a maximum thickness of 75 metres. The glacier is frequently crossed by mountaineers on their way to the Tête Rousse mountaineering hut, which stands at the side of the glacier at an altitude of 3,167 metres.
The cable car connects the peaks of Aiguille du Midi ( altitude) and Pointe Helbronner ( altitude), over a distance of some . This tourist attraction spans the valleys between the two peaks, high above the Mont Blanc Tunnel, which carries automotive passenger and freight traffic under the two peaks.
In March 1906, Henrik Sillem made the first ascent of the West Ridge of Mt Cook in New Zealand with guide Peter Graham. Sillem only reached the age of 41; in 1907 he fell while descending the Aiguille du Midi and was buried nearby, in Courmayeur.
Aiguille de la Grande Sassière is a mountain in the Graian Alps, on the boundary between the Aosta Valley (northern Italy) and the French department of Savoie. On the Italian side, it marks the end of the Valgrisenche; on the French side it commands the Val d'Isère.
L. Purtscheller and Karl Blodig. Illustration by E.Compton, 1895. The Aiguilles d’Arves () is a mountain in the Arves massif in the French Alps. The mountain, comprising three separate peaks (in French Aiguille), is the highest point of the massif, and is located in the department of Savoie.
The Grand Darray (also spelled Grand Darrey) (3,514 m) is a mountain of the Mont Blanc massif, located north of La Fouly in the canton of Valais. It lies on the range east of the Aiguille de l'A Neuve, between the Saleina Glacier and the main Ferret valley.
It can also be reached from Chamonix via the Aiguille du Midi, either by cable car which crosses the massif, or by a long crossing of the Glacier du Gèant. The refuge lies nearly directly above the Mont Blanc Tunnel, which passes deep underground, and connects Courmayer to Chamonix.
The Grand Couloir is a couloir on the Aiguille du Goûter. At 3,340 m altitude this gully has to be traversed on foot, to reach the scramble beyond the Tête Rousse Hut (3167 m) up to the Goûter Refuge (3835 m) on the Goûter Route on Mont Blanc .
West face of Aiguille du Dru in 2006 Many years later, Bonatti would write: In the August 1955, after two attempts frustrated by the weather, he managed to solo climb a new route on the south-west pillar of the Aiguille du Dru in the Mont Blanc Group. The climb, rated ED+ with difficulties up to UIAA VIII-, required six days (and five hanging bivouacs) and still today is considered a masterpiece of climbing.Exploit de Bonatti dans le massif du Mont-Blanc After five days of climbing on a vertical rock offering very limited protection, Bonatti found himself stalled and faced with an impassable overhanging section. On the left and on the right the rock was absolutely smooth.
On 31 July 1876 Middlemore made the first ascent of the north-east face of the Aiguille Verte by what is now known as the Cordier Couloir with the London stockbroker John Oakley Maund, the Chamonix guide Henri Cordier, Grindelwald guides Johann Jaun, Andreas Maurer, and Jakob Anderegg. This book incorrectly gives the year of the Aiguille Verte climb as 1875. The route was not repeated until 1924, and according to Helmut Dumler is "one of the most respected achievements in the history of mountaineering, for the 900m couloir is set at an angle of up to 56°". Engel notes that the party were all nearly obliterated by rockfall while they were crossing the bergschrund.
Les Droites (far right), the Aiguille du Dru (far left) and the Aiguille Verte (center) John Oakley Maund was a mountaineer during the period known as the silver age of alpinism in the second half of the 19th century, and a prominent member of the Alpine Club. He weighed at the height of his mountaineering career. From 3 to 5 August 1874 Maund made the third attempt to ascend the main summit of the Meije (Massif des Ecrins in the Dauphiné Alps) via the north ridge with guides Jean Martin and Johann Jaun. The party had to halt the next day due to bad weather; however, the climb was shown to be perfectly feasible.
The Mittellegi Ridge (centre, dividing light and shade) leading to the summit of the Eiger In 1876 Maund made three first ascents in eight days in the Mont Blanc massif. On 31 July 1876 he ascended the Cordier Couloir on the north face of the -high Aiguille Verte with Thomas Middlemore, Henri Cordier and guides Jakob Anderegg, Andreas Maurer and Johann Jaun. This book incorrectly gives the year of the Aiguille Verte climb as 1875. The route was not repeated until 1924, and according to Helmut Dumler is "one of the most respected achievements in the history of mountaineering, for the 900m couloir is set at an angle of up to 56°".
It also allows the incorporation of the low elevation (but prominent) mountains as well as the highest mountains, maximizing territory coverage and ensuring a reasonably even distribution throughout the range. However, it has its drawbacks. For example, an impressive mountain peak dominating a valley may be connected via long high ridges to a barely higher hidden summit. Among the better-known peaks absent from this list are Aiguille du Dru (due to Aiguille Verte), Dent du Géant (Grandes Jorasses), Mont Blanc de Cheilon (Ruinette), Nadelhorn and Täschhorn (Dom), Wetterhorn (Mittelhorn), Piz d'Err (Piz Calderas), Piz Badile (Piz Cengalo), Piz Palü (Piz Zupo), Similaun (Hintere Schwarze), Crozzon di Brenta (Cima Tosa), and Cimon della Pala (Cima Vezzana).
The Aiguille Dibona, formerly called (Aiguille du) Pain de Sucre du Soreiller (), is a mountain in the Massif des Écrins in the French Alps notable for its "astonishing triangular granite spear." Because of its singular shape, ease of access, and the exceptional quality of its granite, the many routes on the mountain are among the most popular in the Écrins. Formerly called Pain de Sucre du Soreiller, it was renamed for Angelo Dibona, the Dolomites guide and mountaineer, who made the first ascent of the mountain on 27 June 1913 with Guido Mayer. At the foot of the mountain is the refuge du Soreiller, accessible in 3h30m from the village of Étages.
It is situated on the southwest flank of the Mont Blanc massif, flowing from the Col de Bionnassay ( above sea level) in a generally southerly direction towards Val Veny. Its most northerly arm or tributary is the Glacier de Bionnassay Italien, which arises from a cirque between the south eastern side of the Aiguille de Bionnassay, the Col de Bionnassay and the Calotte des Aiguille Grises. This descends for 2.5 km below the Col Infranchissible then turns south-east to merge with other glaciers, thence continuing as the Glacier du Miage (Ghiacciaio del Miage). At around in length, the Miage Glacier is Italy's longest glacier and also the largest debris-covered glacier in Europe.
Based on an acquaintance that began with a climb in Canada,Kaufmann guided Marion Raymond and Cecile Roberts, both of Boston, Mass., to the summit of Mt. Victoria in the Canadian Rockies in August 1903. And in July 1906, she continued to climb with Hans in the Pennine (Matterhorn, Aiguille du Midi, Dent du Géant, Dent Blanche, Aiguille des Angroniettes), and Bernese Alps (Mönch, Jungfrau, and Schreckhorn) Marion Porter Raymond, "idol of the guides,""Holds high record: Boston girl outdoes all alpine climbers," Bottineau Courant, Bottineau, North Dakota (14 August 1908), p. 2. employed Kaufmann to guide her to peaks in the Dolomites during four successive years (1906, 1907, 1908, and 1909).
The Aiguille de la Vanoise is a mountain of Savoie, France. It lies in the Vanoise massif mountain range in the commune of Pralognan-la-Vanoise. It has an altitude of 2796 metres above sea level and is known for its great North Face which is 300 to 400m high.
John Harlin II, Tom Frost, Gary Hemming, and Stewart Fulton at the L’Envers des Aiguille Hut in 1963. John Elvis Harlin II (June 30, 1935 – March 22, 1966) was an American mountaineer and US Air Force pilot who was killed while making an ascent of the north face of the Eiger.
The Aiguille Aqueduct () is one of several aqueducts on the Canal du Midi. In Puichéric France, it carries the canal over a small stream, the Rigole de l'Etang. It is one of three original aqueducts created by Pierre-Paul Riquet during the building of the canal from 1667 to 1681.
The 'bad step' on the Aiguille Méridionale d’Arves showing L. Purtscheller and Karl Blodig. Illustration by E.Compton, 1895. Ludwig Purtscheller (October 6, 1849 – March 3, 1900) was an Austrian mountaineer and teacher. Purtscheller pioneered climbing without a mountain guide, who in the 19th century did all the route finding and lead climbing.
The Grande Aiguille is a mountain of the Swiss Pennine Alps, situated near Bourg Saint Pierre in the canton of Valais. With an elevation of 3,682 metres above sea level, it the culminating point of the ridge named Les Maisons Blanches that lies west of the Corbassière Glacier, in the Grand Combin massif.
The Pointe des Plines (3,052 m) is a minor peak on the east edge of the Mont Blanc massif, close to the Aiguille Dorees, and overlooking the Saleina Glacier in the canton of Valais. A shelter of the Swiss Alpine Club, the Bivouac de l'Envers des Dorées, is located west of the summit.
Mönkh Saridag (also spelled as Munku-Sardyk; Mongolian: Мөнх сарьдаг, lit. "eternal aiguille") is the highest mountain in the Sayan Mountains of Asia. It is tall and is on the international border between Mongolia and Russia. It is also the highest mountain in Buryatia and the highest mountain in Mongolia's Khövsgöl Province.
Gary Hemming (December 13, 1934 – 1969) was a noted American mountaineer. Together with Royal Robbins he made the first ascent of the American Direct route on the Aiguille du Dru in Chamonix in 1962, and was widely known in France for his role as a rescuer of a party on the same mountain in 1966, earning him the moniker "le beatnik des cimes". Hemming was also part of the group which put up the first ascent of the south face of the Aiguille du Fou (with John Harlin, Tom Frost and Stewart Fulton) a spire of sheer rock long deemed to be unclimbable. Hemming died from a self-inflicted gunshot wound outside the Jenny Lake campground in Grand Teton National Park in 1969.
From here, the border runs south and south-east into the High Alps, forming the western border of the Valais. It passes Les Cornettes de Bise (2431 m), Dent de Barme (2759 m), Petit Ruan (2846 m), Pointe des Rosses (2965 m), Pointe de la Fenive (2838 m), and Le Cheval Blanc (2830 m), placing Lac du Vieux Émosson in Switzerland. From Grand Perrond (2672 m), the border descends to 1130 m, crossing the Martigny-Chamonix road, before ascending to Les Grandes Otanes (2656 m), Aiguille du Tour (3541 m), Aiguille d'Argentiere (3898 m), Tour Noir (3837 m) and finally to the tripoint with the French-Italian and Swiss-Italian borders, at a point just west of Mont Dolent, , and at altitude.
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Aiguille Peak is located in a subarctic climate zone with cold, snowy winters, and mild summers. Temperatures can drop below −20 °C with wind chill factors below −30 °C. Precipitation runoff from the peak drains east to the Mistaya River, or west into tributaries of the Blaeberry River.
She completed the climb in winter in 17 hours. Her other notable climbs include the Bonatti Route on the north face of the Matterhorn and the southwest pillar of the Aiguille du Dru (the Bonatti Pillar).Jackenthal, Stefani Ellen and Glickman, Joe, The Complete Idiot's Guide to Rock Climbing, Alpha Books, 1999, p. 269.
Per Spook (born 2 July 1939) is a Norwegian fashion designer. He ran a fashion house in Paris from 1977 to 1995. He was awarded Aiguille d'Or (The Golden Needle) in 1978, and Dé d'Or (The Golden Thimble) in 1993. He was decorated Knight, First Class of the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav in 2003.
Kropp continued and reached the top with a severe headache. In 1992, Kropp finally obtained permits to climb Cho Oyu. In preparation, he climbed with Dahlin in Chamonix. While climbing the Aiguille Verte, a stone fell from the top of the ridge and hit Dahlin just below the helmet, at the edge of his temple, killing him.
He did not compete in the Olympics in 1964. Bozon died in 1964 at age 31 in a mountain climbing accident near Mont Blanc. He and 13 climbing companions were killed in an avalanche on the Aiguille Verte, a mountain in the Mont Blanc massif. The climbing party had reached an elevation of about when the avalanche occurred.
Mont Blanc - South-East side Brenva Glacier with Aiguille Noire de Peuterey (right). Viewed from the Tour Ronde, July 2011. Minor rockfalls occur very frequently from the steep mountainsides above the Brenva Glacier. On 18 January 1997 a major rockfall occurred at around which initiated an enormous avalanche that travelled horizontally, descending over into the floor of Val Veny.
Aiguille des Arias is a mountain of the French Alps in Isère. Located in the Massif des Écrins, the mountain is 3,403 m tall. The mirror of Fétoules is a lake that has reflection of Tête de Lauranoure (3323 m) to right Le Bec du Canard (3269 m) and the l'Aiguille des Arias (3403 m) in the center.
The Aiguille du Chardonnet (3,824 m) is a mountain in the Mont Blanc massif in Haute-Savoie, France. It lies between the and the Argentière Glacier. The border with Switzerland (elevation: 3,680 m at its nearest point) runs just east of the summit. The East or Forbes Arete provides a popular and classic mountaineering route to the summit.
The Punta Ramiere (in Italian) or Bric Froid (in French) is a mountain in the Cottian Alps belonging to the department of Hautes-Alpes (FR) and the province of Turin (IT). It's the highest peak of the long stretch of the Po/Rhone water divide starting from the Aiguille de Scolette (north) and ending with the Monviso group (south).
Cosmiques Hut Cosmiques Hut with mountaineers illegally camping on the Vallee Blanche below, 2010 July View from Aiguille du Midi showing position of Cosmiques Hut The Cosmiques Hut (French: Refuge des Cosmiques) is a mountain hut in the Mont Blanc massif in the French Alps at an altitude of 3,613 m (11,854 ft). It is a large structure capable of accommodating 148 mountaineers. It was constructed in 1990 on a rock promontory situated between the Col du Midi and the base of the Cosmiques Arête which descends southwards from the Aiguille du Midi. It gives access to a number of classic alpine mountaineering routes, and has proved to be extremely popular with mountaineers, so much so that in the summer months prior booking a few days beforehand is essential in order to secure a bed.
Some surveys have shown that tourists mostly come to the Mont Blanc massif and its environs for winter sports such as skiing as well as summer outdoor activities like hiking, climbing and cycling. The Aiguille du Midi Cable Car in Chamonix attracts 500,000 people each year and gives views over much of the massif, and up towards Mont Blanc itself. From Chamonix it rises to the summit of the Aiguille du Midi at , and holds the world record for the highest vertical ascent of any cable car (). The building of the new Skyway Monte Bianco cable car on the Italian side of the massif is expected to increase visitor numbers to Courmayeur from 100,000 to 300,000 per annum, following complete replacement of an earlier cable car system in 2015.
Not all of their attempts at bold new routes were successful, including their attempt at the Aiguille du Plan from the Plan des Aiguilles. Another unsuccessful, but nevertheless very bold early attempt took place in 1881 when J. Baumann, Rey, and his two fellow guides, Johann Juan and J. Maurer, attempted to climb the Eiger's Mittellegi ridge. They were thwarted by the difficult big step on that ridge which is nowadays adorned with a fixed rope strung from it, and which was finally climbed for the first time in 1925. Referring to their unsuccessful attempt, J. Baumann wrote about his guide's efforts: The Mittellegi ridge on the Eiger Rey's first major achievement as a mountaineer and guide came in 1877 when he successfully made the first ever ascent of the Aiguille Noire de Peuterey.
Bossons Glacier in 2014 Bossons Glacier in 1830 Bossons Glacier in 1890 Bossons Glacier and Taconnaz Glacier from Aiguille du Midi, 2009 The Bossons Glacier is one of the larger glaciers of the Mont Blanc massif of the Alps, found in the Chamonix valley of Haute-Savoie département, south-eastern France. It is fed from icefields lying on the northern side of Mont Blanc, and descends down close to the Aiguille du Midi and ends on the southern side of the Arve valley, close to the town of Chamonix. It has the largest altitudinal drop of all the alpine glaciers in Europe, and formerly extended much further down the valley than it does today. It is now approximately 7.5 km long, with a surface area of approximately 10 km².
Titlis, Chasseral, Lägern) straddle borders as well, but have their summit on one side of the border. In the list, only the exact location of the culminating point of the mountain is considered.The list excludes Aiguille du Chardonnet (France), Corno di Dosdè (Italy), Drei Türme (Austria), Mont d'Or (France), Sasso Gordona (Italy) and Sighignola (Italy) although they are all partially located in Switzerland.
The north face of the Petit Dru (centre, with large snowpatch) in 2008. The west and south-west faces (with fresh rockfall scars) are to the right. The peak on the left is the Aiguille Verte. In 1889 both peaks of the Dru were climbed for the first time from the Petit Dru to the Grand Dru by two parties.
The line was inaugurated on 29 September 1934. Revue de géographie alpine, Jacqueline Chamarier, le téléphérique de la Bastille a vingt ans, volume 42. In 1934 cable cars were no longer an innovation. The cable car at the Aiguille du Midi had been in existence for ten years, and the one at Salève for two; by that time Europe had a sizeable number.
On the northern (French) side, the pass leads into the valley of the Maurienne; on the southern (Italian) side, the Val di Susa. To its west rises the summit of Gardoria and to its east that of Aiguille de Scolette. It connects Avrieux in France with Bardonecchia in Italy. A small barracks, Bivacco LXIII, lies in ruins on the Italian side.
It was built in 1939 to house twenty soldiers. In 1940, during the Italian invasion of France, Italian troops passed through the Col de Pelouse. There was fighting just north of the pass on the French side. For mountaineers, the Col de Pelouse is the easiest start point for climbing the Aiguille de Scolette or the Pointe de Paumont to the west.
Aiguille Rouge is a mountain of Savoie, France. It lies in the Vanoise Massif and has an elevation of 3,227 metres above sea level. It is the highest point within the ski area of Les Arcs and is a fairly easy hike from the village below. It can also be accessed by a cable-car which almost reaches the summit area.
A marvel of military architecture covering 7500 m2, incorporating the latest developments in artillery (both for defence and in adapting the defences for protection against it) it was, however, obsolete when completed. It was never attacked. The name derives from bonne aiguille (good needle) and refers to the defensive site: a steep, rocky promontory perfectly suited to the siting of a castle.
From 1906 to 1914, Young and Knubel climbed together each summer, making a number of first ascents together, including the Täschhorn's south face, the Weisshorn's southeast and northeast faces, the Rimpfischhorn and Zinalrothorn's east faces, the Gspaltenhorn's west face, Grandes Jorasses' west ridge, and Mont Brouillard. The route the two mapped out to reach the summit of Aiguille du Plan in 1907 is still the route used by most alpine climbers today. On Young's first ascent of the east face of the Aiguille du Grépon with several other climbers and Knubel and Henri Brocherel as guides in 1911, Knubel used an ice axe instead of a piton to clear an overhang; the spot was thereafter known as "The Knubel Crack". Knubel was taught to ski by Arnold Lunn and later began to use skis while traversing mountain ranges.
There is off piste potential in the steep couloirs of the Aiguille de Rosselette. The Hauteluce section is the name given to the section of runs on the other side of the Col du Joly in the Val Joly (rather than the Val Montjoie). The run difficulty is varied in this section. The Montjoie section is the name used to describe the lower runs.
In 1962, the Swiss René Dittert and Robert Gréloz scaled Ou Obou, a peak. In 1963, an Italian expedition led by Guido Monzino ascended Torre Innominata, a aiguille of Sissé, west of Tarso Toussidé. In 2005, Bikku Bitti was scaled by Englishman Eamon "Ginge" Fullen and Chadian guides. Due to the unstable political situation, the alpine conquest of the Tibesti Mountains remains very much incomplete.
The Aiguilles Dorées (3,519 m) are a multi-summited mountain of the Mont Blanc massif, overlooking the Plateau du Trient in the canton of Valais. They lie east of the Petite Fourche, on the range between the glaciers of Trient and Saleina. The main (and westernmost) summit is named Aiguille de la Varappe. The other summits are the Tête Biselx (3,509 m) and Le Trident (3,436 m).
Nguyen J. (1989), Auriculopuncture, Encycl. Méd. Nat. (Paris, France), Acupuncture et Médecine traditionnelle chinoise, II-2, 12-1989, 16 p. Richard Niemtzow in 2001 developed a procedure he coined Battlefield Acupuncture in an attempt to research more efficient relief for phantom limb pain and chronic pain for veterans. Battlefield Acupuncture involves placing gold aiguille semi- permanent needles at up to five sites in the ears.
In her work, she cites influences in paintings and the environment, as well as books and catalogs for stories set in the past. She ran costume design for The Neverending Story at Muse Entertainment in Montreal. She was featured in Musée de l'Amérique francophone in the exhibit De film en aiguille in 2012. April also contributed costumes for a Cirque du Soleil performance in Tokyo.
Matthias Giraud is known for combining BASE jumping with skiing and completed several first descents and ski BASE jumps across the globe including the first ski BASE jump off the Matterhorn in Switzerland. He is also known for escaping an avalanche off Aiguille Croche in Megeve, France while performing a ski BASE jump with his friend Stefan Laude. Matthias Giraud currently lives in Bend, Oregon.
Gunten spent two sabbaticals at the Argonne National Laboratory near Chicago, USA (1957 & 1966) and one each at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory in Berkeley, California USA (1980) and in Sydney, Australia (1990). These activities have resulted in more than 150 publications in renowned journals. From Gunten has numerous peaks in the Alps on z. T. difficult routes (including the north wall of the Aiguille du plan) defeated.
Nevertheless, it is a distinctive peak, offering a number of very challenging climbs, especially on its east face which consists of vertical granite flakes and cracks. On its northern side stands a distinctive, slender rock pinnacle about 60 metres high, known as the Père Eternel. Brenva ridge from Pointe Helbronner. Right to left: Aiguille de la Brenva, Tour de la Brenva, Rocher de la Brenva.
The view from its summit is one of the best in the entire area. On 1 November 1946 a B-17 Flying Fortress of the US Airforce crashed into the Aiguille des Glaciers, just 66 meters before the summit of Mont Blanc, killing all 8 crew members. The crash site was not discovered until July 1947, when remains were found at an altitude of .
Mont Mallet () is a mountain in the Mont Blanc massif in Haute-Savoie, France. It lies on a spur running northwards from the French-Italian frontier ridge, and can be most easily reached from the Aiguille de Rochefort. Mont Mallet was first climbed on 4th September 1871. The first ascension party consisted of Leslie Stephen, Gabriel Loppé, F. Wallroth, Melchior Anderegg, Cachet and A. Tournier.
Around the king there was a circle of court poets, the most memorable being the Italian humanist Publio Fausto Andrelini from Forlì, who spread the New Learning in France. During a pilgrimage to pay respects to his father's remains, Charles observed Mont Aiguille and ordered Antoine de Ville to ascend to the summit in an early technical alpine climb, later alluded to by Rabelais.
Géant Glacier, Gros Rognon, Dent du Géant and Aiguilles Marbrées seen from Aiguille du Midi, France. The Géant Glacier () is a large glacier on the French side of the Mont Blanc massif in the Alps. It is the main supplier of ice (via the Vallée Blanche) to the Mer de Glace which flows down towards Montenvers. It gets its name from the nearby Dent du Géant.
Balfour never delivered a lecture in his new position. In the first term after his appointment he was prevented from working by an attack of typhoid fever, and went to the Alps for his health. Balfour and the guide Johann Petrus were killed, probably on 19 July 1882, attempting the ascent of the Aiguille Blanche, Mont Blanc, at that time unscaled. Besides being a brilliant morphologist, Balfour was an accomplished naturalist.
Tourist facilities and scenic viewpoints provide close views of Mont Blanc, Aiguille d'Entreves and the Vallee Blanche, but also views further out towards the Matterhorn, Monte Rosa and Gran Paradiso. A tunnel and lift system provide access from the cable car terminus to the Torino Hut, a high- altitude mountain refuge offering accommodation both to tourists and to climbers intending to access the mountaineering routes of the range.
The first proper mountain refuge on the Aiguille du Goûter was built in 1858, capable of accommodating three or four people. This small hut was renovated in 1882, and was subsequently replaced by a completely new shelter in 1906. This hut opened on 4 September of that year and was capable of accommodating 10 people. It was managed by the St. Gervais Section of the French Alpine Club.
In 1936, at the site of the 1858 hut, Georges Orset built a private shelter with a capacity of thirty places. This was bought in 1942 by the French Alpine Club (CAF) which refurbishes and improves it. However it turns out to be too small for the yearly increasing number of aspiring alpinists. at a height of on the Aiguille du Goûter, close to the previous 1906 structure.
The route is simple and requires few technical abilities, but is not to be underestimated because of exposure to objective dangers. It is also physically demanding, and may be totally exhausting to those with limited athletic ability. Additionally, there are the risks of hypothermia and frostbite. Above the Aiguille du Goûter, altitude sickness occurs frequently with climbers regardless of skill and the only remedy is descending to the valley if possible.
Brec de Chambeyron (3,389) is a mountain of the Cottian Alps on the border between France and Italy. It is the second highest summit of the Chambeyron Massif, after Aiguille de Chambeyron and its sharp, rocky peak dominates the Upper Ubaye Valley. The word "Brec" or "Bric" in French is used for a mountain resembling a rocky tooth. It was first climbed in 1878 by Paul Agnel and Joseph Risoul.
She began work as a journalist around 1926. In 1934, she was secretary for Olivar Asselin and editor of the women's pages of Le Canada. She founded the journal ' in 1938 and served as its director until it ceased operation in 1949. She was responsible for the radio programs Notre pain quotidien and V'là le bon vent on CKAC and De fils en aiguille and Le réveil rural on Radio-Canada.
Aiguille du Midi The French Alps are the portions of the Alps mountain range that stand within France, located in the Rhône-Alpes and Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur regions. While some of the ranges of the French Alps are entirely in France, others, such as the Mont Blanc massif, are shared with Switzerland and Italy. More than 20 skiing resorts make it a popular destination among Europeans in the winter.
After eighteen failed attempts with a number of different guides and companions (during which he used ladders to overcome difficulties),Dent wrote: 'We used our ladders repeatedly and frequently, but only to shorten our way up, while exploring the mountain. When we actually climbed it, we used one ladder in one place.' Clinton Thomas Dent, 'The History of an Ascent of the Aiguille du Dru', Alpine Journal, Vol.
From here the divide extends eastwards, culminating in the Aiguille de Scolette (3,505 m), but makes a great curve to the north-west and back to the south-east before rising in the Rocciamelone (3,509 m). From there the direction taken is north as far as the eastern summit (3,619 m) of the Levanna, the divide rising in a series of snowy peaks, though the loftiest point of the region, the Pointe de Charbonnel (3,760 m), stands a little to the west. Once more the chain bends to the north-west, rising in several lofty peaks (the highest is the Aiguille de la Grande Sassière, 3,751 m), before attaining the considerable depression of the Little St Bernard Pass. The divide then briefly turns north to the Col de la Soigne, and then north-east along the crest of the Mont Blanc chain, which culminates in the peak of Mont Blanc (4,810 m), the highest in the Alps.
Miriam O'Brien began serious rock climbing in the Alps in May 1926, completing a first ascent on Torre Grande in the Dolomites by a route now known as the "Via Miriam" in her honor. She also completed the first ascent of the Aiguille de Roc near Mont Blanc. On August 4, 1928 O'Brien, accompanied by Robert L. M. Underhill and guides Armand Charlet and G. Cachat, completed the first ascent of the traverse from the Aiguilles du Diable to Mont Blanc du Tacul in the Alps.Milner, C. Douglas, Mont Blanc & the Aguilles, page 92 (Robert Hale Limited, London, 1955) This route involves "climbing five outstanding summits over 4000 meters in superb surroundings." Rébuffat, Gaston, The Mont Blanc Massif: The 100 Finest Routes, Translated from the French by Jane and Colin Taylor, page 140 (Kaye & Ward, London and Oxford University Press, New York, 1974) In 1929, she completed a climb of the Aiguille du Grépon with French climber Alice Damesme.
At the start of her career, Boulaz and Lulu Durand became the first women to climb the Dent du Requin (1932) and the southwest face of the Dent du Géant. She made a number of climbs with Durand in 1935: the first female traverse of the Aiguille des Grands Charmoz; the first female traverse of Les Droites; the first female ascent of the north face of the Petit Dru (with Raymond Lambert), and the second ascent ever; the first female ascent of the Central Spur of the Grandes Jorasses; the Aiguille Noire de Peuterey; and the Brenva Face of Mont Blanc. She was the first person to climb the east face of the Bel Oiseau (1938), the north face of Mont Vélan (1941), and the Rothorn of Valais (1941). She was the first woman to climb the Pear Buttress on Mont Blanc's Brenva Face (1939), the Walker Spur of the Grandes Jorasses (1952), and the north face of the Cima Grande di Lavaredo (1960).
Accompanying Ira on a conference trip to Lyon, in 1964, Dot took time out to climb in the Alps. Because she had come without crampons, she confined her climbing to rock climbs, ascending the Aiguille du Grépon (informally known as 'The Grepon'), via Mummary's Crack and the four pinnacles making up the mountain. In the southern hemisphere late spring to early summer climbing season of 1965-1966, Dot went climbing on the Tasman Glacier.
In the summer months Courmayeur is a popular destination for hikers. The nearby village of La Palud is the base station of the Skyway Monte Bianco, the cable car to the Pointe Helbronner. This links to the Vallée Blanche Aerial Tramway going to the Aiguille du Midi, which connects to the Téléphérique de l'Aiguille du Midi, the cable car from Chamonix. Notre Dame de Guérison sanctuary stands at the foot out Mont Chétif.
Aiguille Rouge On 16 June, Marshal Graziani gave the order for offensive operations to begin within ten days. Three actions were planned: Operation B through the Little Saint Bernard Pass, Operation M through the Maddalena Pass and Operation R along the Riviera. That day, elements of the Italian Fourth Army attacked in the vicinity of Briançon. As the Italians advanced, the French at Fort de l'Olive began bombarding the Italian Fort Bardonecchia.
Mont Aiguille is a mesa eroded from the Vercors Plateau in the drainage basin of the Rhône. It is surrounded by steep cliffs and has a height of and a clean prominence of . The surrounding terrain is difficult enough to warrant a technical climb as the easiest method of ascent. The mountain is capped with meadows botanically similar to those on the Vercors High Plateau, but beneath the cliffs there are extensive forests.
In 1870 they became the first women to climb Monte Viso and the following year they made the first ascent of Aiguille du Moine guided by Joseph Simond. The summit is at an altitude of 3,412 m and it requires climbers to abseil on the descent.Aiguille du Moine, summitpost.og, retrieved 6 April 2014 Lewis Lloyd retired from climbing in 1873, but Straton continued to climb with Jean Charlet and she eventually married him.
Even though all the climbing friends present were impressed by Mallory's skill as a climber, Blodig later observed rather prophetically about Mallory that: "that young man will not be alive for long!" In 1932, and at the age of 73, Blodig undertook solo ascents of the Aiguille du Jardin and the Grande Rocheuse in order to achieve summits that had subsequently been added to the recognised list of 4,000 m peaks since his 1911 achievement.
In 2008, Seaton & Sherwood teamed up again to complete a traverse of Mont Blanc via an ascent of Aiguille Blanche de Peuterey, the most difficult 4000-m summit in the Alps. In 1996, Mark led Don Planner, the first blind man to climb Mont Blanc.Blind Mont Blanc Planner, incidentally, was also the first man to reach the summit after undergoing a heart by-pass operation. Mark has also guided various regiments of the British army including the Special Forces.
He received training initially from William Woodman Graham and then William Cecil Slingsby. According to an article in The Times, he was well regarded by his peers as "a climber of great skill and daring". He was a very experienced alpine climber, and often climbed without guides, ascending Aiguille du Dru, Fletschhorn, Ober Gabelhorn amongst others in this fashion. With guides, he climbed some of the toughest mountains in the Alps, such as the Matterhorn and the Eiger.
While seeking to enrich the collection at the L.U.C.EUM watchmaking museum, Karl-Friedrich uncovered the history of watchmaker Ferdinand Berthoud (1727-1807). In 2006, Karl-Friedrich acquired the Ferdinand Berthoud brand. He registered the trade name under Chronométrie Ferdinand Berthoud in 2013 and launched it in 2015. In 2016, Karl-Friedrich was awarded with the Aiguille d’Or prize ("Golden Hand"), the highest distinction awarded by the Grand Prix de l’Horlogerie in Geneva, for a Ferdinand Berthoud watch.
Amongst his notable ascents were: Torre di Brenta first climbed in 1882; Cima Brenta, first climbed by the south wall in 1882; Odle} (Large Fermeda); Aiguille Blanche de Peuterey (ascent in 1905 with Karl Blodig); Grossglockner, climbed at the age of 70! Compton died in Feldafing on 22 July 1921, aged 72. His son Edward Harrison Compton and daughter Dora Compton were also mountain painters. His other daughter Marion was a flower and still life painter.
The famous poet Petrarch describes his 26 April 1336 ascent of Mount Ventoux () in one of his epistolae familiares, claiming to be inspired by Philip V of Macedon's ascent of Mount Haemo. For most of antiquity, climbing mountains was a practical or symbolic activity, usually undertaken for economic, political, or religious purposes. A commonly cited example is the 1492 ascent of Mont Aiguille () by Antoine de Ville, a French military officer and lord of Domjulien and Beaupré.
In 2013, the Goûter Refuge opened, a mountain hut noted for its modern style. From the hut the summit of the Dome du Gouter is about two hours away by foot. The hut is located above the Aiguille du Gouter cliff and is constructed of wood and steel in a roughly egg shape. The older shelter was a more basic metal shed that sat on the ice, whereas the new building has supports drilled into the rock.
Mont Aiguille () is a mountain in the Vercors Massif of the French Prealps, located south of Grenoble, in the commune of Chichilianne, and the département of Isère. The mountain, known as one of the Seven Wonders of Dauphiné, is a relatively flat limestone mesa surrounded by steep cliffs. The mountain lies within an area designated in 1970 as the Vercors Regional Natural Park. Mont Aiguille's limestone cliffs, especially on the northwest side, are popular with climbers.
The mountain was first climbed on 10 August 1895 by Giovanni Bobba, Luigi Vaccarone, Casimiro Thérisod and Pietro Re Fiorentin. The Aiguille de Toule can be readily accessed from the Torino Hut/Pointe Helbronner. The easiest means of ascent is via the east face, a mixed rock and snow route, graded on the French adjectival climbing scale at F+/PD-. Other short climbing routes on the mountain include the north and the northeast faces, both graded AD.
Initial work installed two 150mm mortars on Dailly at an altitude of about , which remained in place until the 1920s. A single 120mm howitzer in an armored turret was installed on the summit, remaining in place through the 1940s. For local defense, two 84mm guns were placed in concreted casemates near an observation point in 1894, called the Batterie de la Galerie de Morcles. Heavier artillery was initially installed in open positions. 150mm Krupp field guns were installed in open emplacements in 1894, allowing fire in two directions. Battery C15 was placed on the ridge between Righi and the Aiguille, firing north and south. Battery C10 with two 105mm guns and the Batterie Aiguille with the same equipment were placed near the summit. The Batterie de l'Observatoire, located above the Galerie des Mordes, was equipped with four 120mm guns. The Batterie Rossignol placed two 120mm pieces each facing north and south, while the Batterie de Plan 2 and the Batterie de Righi each mounted two 120mm pieces. These were replaced in 1923 by Model 1912 120mm howitzers with a higher rate of fire.
A few years later, in 1955 and after completing the climb himself, Hermann Buhl stated that it was the "most difficult granite climb in an absolute sense".Walter Bonatti, Montañas de una vida, Ed. Desnivel, 2012, p. 30 In 1952, Bonatti together with Roberto Bignami opened the first route on the south ridge of the Aiguille Noire de Peuterey. In February 1953, together with Carlo Mauri he made the first winter ascent of the north face of the legendary Cima Ovest di Lavaredo.
His finest rock climb was the Mer de Glace face of the Aiguille du Grépon. In 1911, with H. O. Jones, he ascended the Brouillard ridge of Mont Blanc and made the first complete traverse of the west ridge of the Grandes Jorasses, and the first descent of the ridge to the Col des Hirondelles. His favoured, but not only, guide was Josef Knubel of St Niklaus. Winthrop Young also put up new routes on the crags of the Lake District and Wales.
Aiguille de Chambeyron (3,412m) is a mountain of the Cottian Alps and is the highest mountain of Alpes-de-Haute-Provence in southeast France. Together with its neighbour Brec de Chambeyron, it is the dominant peak of the upper Ubaye Valley. The mountain is located near the border with Italy, just west of the Main chain of the Alps. It is the culminating point of the Massif du Chambeyron and is also the highest peak in the Alps south of Monte Viso.
The Aiguille de Rochefort (4,001 m) is a mountain in the Mont Blanc massif in France and Italy. The peak lies on the Rochefort arête between the Dent du Géant and the Grandes Jorasses and is usually climbed during a traverse of the ridge.Dumler, Helmut and Burkhardt, Willi P., The High Mountains of the Alps, London: Diadem, 1994, p. 182 The first ascent of the peak was by James Eccles and guides Alphonse and Michel Payot on 14 August 1873.
To facilitate the rock-climbing experience he developed – in the 1930s - the first rubber-soled, soft shoes specifically engineered for serious rock work. He wore these on the sandstone boulders as well as on the granite walls of the Alps, where he made several famous first ascents, including the north face of the Aiguille du Dru. These shoes, known as "PAs", became the model for future generations of climbing footwear. Indeed, the version available in the 1950s looked remarkably like modern climbing footwear.
A series of major rock falls occurred on the north side of the Aiguille Marbrées in summer 2007. This led to investment by the local authorities in research and monitoring of the state of the mountain. Both conventional surveying and photogrammetry were employed in order to create a geo-referenced digital elevation model of the mountain. This help researchers understand the reasons for the initial rockfall, as well as providing a baseline study for comparison with future surveys after subsequent rockfalls.
This, in turn, gives access to the French Téléphérique de l'Aiguille du Midi, the cable car connecting Aiguille du Midi to the French village of Chamonix, Courmayeur's sister "city". The Skyway Monte Bianco station platform on Pointe Helbronner offers a remarkable view over the Aosta Valley and the Piedmont region. The French- Italian border splits this platform. Pointe Helbronner is the starting point of a ski run via the Glacier du Géant and the Mer de Glace to Montenvers and Chamonix.
Its name is said to derive from the French aiguille for a needle or aigle for an eagle. The Aiggin Stone and cairn on Blackstone Edge Moor Much of the surrounding area was within the ancient parish of Hundersfield, although some parts lay within Butterworth township. In the English Civil War the Parliamentarians sent 800 men to fortify Blackstone Edge; John Rosworm came from Manchester to direct the construction of defences. It was successfully held against an attack by Royalist cavalry.
One of the sides of the valley is the ridge with the area's highest point, the Aiguille Rouge. The other side is a ridge to Arc 1600, 1800, and Peisey- Vallandry, which hold a wide range of runs. There are also a lot of relatively safe off-piste possibilities available in addition to those where a skier would require a mountain guide. In Arc 2000 is the famous speed skiing course used in the 1992 Olympics (speed skiing at the 1992 Winter Olympics).
Commenting in the Alpine Journal on the series of audacious first ascents and new routes that had recently taken place on the Aiguille Blanche de Peuterey, the soldier and mountaineer, J. P. Farrar, who was later to become president of the Alpine Club, noted: Rey was married to Faustina Vercelin and had sons Adolphe and Henri, the eldest, and a grandson, Emile. He was evidently very proud of his children. (1878–1969) went on to become a mountain guide like his father.
According to Roman legend, the mountain was torn from the rest of the Vercors when a hunter named Ibicus saw naked goddesses on the mountain and was changed into an ibex as punishment. In the medieval period, Mont Aiguille was traditionally called "Mount Inaccessible", and typically depicted as an "inverted pyramid" or "mushroom". Since at least the thirteenth century, the mountain has been regarded as one of the Seven Wonders of Dauphiné. The mountain is most noted for its first ascent in 1492.
The Plateau Matheysin is located in the Isère département, 30 km south of Grenoble when heading to Gap. Included in the overall Taillefer massif, its average elevation is 1,000 m. Vercors and Mont Aiguille viewed from summit of Sénépy mountain Belonging to south-Dauphiné, it is crossed over by the 45th parallel north and roughly matches the boundaries of the canton of La Mure. It is around 20 km long from north to south and around 13 km wide from east to west.
Record à ski sur le parcours mythique de Chamonix-Mont Blanc-Chamonix (franz.), Fédération Française de la Montagne et de l'Escalade (FFME), 2007. Since 2003 he and Lionel Bonnel had also held the Chamonix-Zermatt Haute Route record with 21h 11'.Newsreport in the Club alpin français website Stéphane Brosse died on 17 June 2012 while crossing the Aiguille d'Argentière in the Mont Blanc massif when a snow cornice collapsed under him, resulting in him falling between 600Stéphane Brosse emporté , SkiChrono, June 17, 2012.
Katharine Richardson (24 April 1854 – 20 August 1927) was an outstanding British female mountain climber. She was born in Edlington and made many first ascents in the Alps after 1879. She was well known for the first ascent of the ridge from the Aiguille de Bionnassay to the Dome de Gouter, in the Mont Blanc massif; a route that had defeated many experienced male climbers. She was so fit she went faster than her guide for whom she had to wait for 45 minutes while he recovered.
The term last ascent has been used to refer to an ascent of a mountain or face that has subsequently changed to such an extent – often because of rockfall – that the route no longer exists (e.g., the south-west face of the Aiguille du Dru in the Alps). It can also be used facetiously to refer to a climb that is so unpleasant or unaesthetic (due to loose rock, excessive brush, poor route selection, etc.) that no one would ever willingly repeat the first ascent party's ordeal.
Vignettes Hut with Aiguille de la Tsa (left) and Dent Blanche (right) The Vignettes Hut () is an alpine hut, located south of Arolla in the Swiss canton of Valais. It lies at a height of 3,160 metres above sea level, at the foot of the Pigne d'Arolla and near the Col de Chermotane in the Pennine Alps. All accesses to the hut involve glacier crossing.Swisstopo topographic maps The Cabane de Vignettes is a famous stop for those that walk or ski the Haute Route, Chamonix–Zermatt.
Heliskiing service located between Arcs 1950 and Arcs 2000 The piste network in Les Arcs is fairly dense, and off-piste opportunities are numerous. With a guide, though, some big adventures are possible. Particularly recommended are off the back of the Aiguille Rouge down to Villaroger, or off the back of the Bellecote glacier (from La Plagne) down to Nancroix valley, just below Peisey, which is linked by free shuttle bus. It is advised that both routes be only attempted with a guide and appropriate avalanche equipment.
Ben Fogelberg and Steve Grinstead, Hike 25: Mount Evans – A Peak with a Past, Walking into Colorado's Past, Westcliffe, Englewood Colo,; page 119.Arthur H. Compton, Chapter 19, The Cosmos of Arthur Holly Compton, Knopf, 1968; page 206. By the 1950s, Mount Evans, the Aiguille du Midi, the Pic du Midi and the Jungfrau were considered the premier locations for high-altitude physics experiments.Val L. Fitch, The τ-θ puzzle: an experimentalist's perspective, Pions to Quarks: Particle Physics in the 1950s Cambridge University Press, 1989; page 460.
The Aiguille de la Brenva was first ascended on 25 August 1898 by A. Hess, L. Croux and C. Ollier via its south-east ridge. This remains the least difficult means of ascent to this day. (Graded PD on the French adjectival climbing scale). Nowadays, its east face offers a number of challenging climbing routes: the Donvito Diedre, the Bocallette route (UIAA Grade V/V+) (first established in 1935); the very hard Bertone-Zappelli route, plus the 390m Rebuffat route (Grade V/V+), dating from 1948.
By the end of his life he had recorded climbing over 1,700 mountains. A celebrated climb was the traverse of the Meije together with the Zsigmondy brothers in 1885, which to this date is considered a classic alpine route. He is best known as the first European to ascend Kilimanjaro in 1889, together with the German mountaineer Hans Meyer. After a descent of the Aiguille du Dru with G. Löwenbach and Jakob Oberhollenzer on August 25, 1899, an ice axe broke and the rope team fell into a bergschrund.
Taking little part in public life, he read widely and showed independent if rather erratic judgment. At the age of twenty-two he spent a year in Iceland, and was a zealous student of Norse literature. In early life he was a bold Alpine climber, he spent much time in the Alps, and in 1887 made the first ascent of the Aiguille Noire de Peuterey with his guide, Emile Rey, A peak of the Dolomites also bears his name. An accomplished linguist, he was especially conversant with Swiss and Tyrolese dialects.
Most of the routes Yeld climbed and described were new and he pioneered two new ascents: Aiguille de Tronchey and Pointe du Piolet. He considered local guides indispensable and he looked on them as friends and employed the same men year after year. The use of ropes and axes was routine, but he describes his amazement in 1895 when one of the guides made use of wedges to climb a difficult face before pulling up the others. Yeld frequently mentions the generosity of the local people in providing accommodation or food.
After the theft of a submarine, M recalls Bond from a mission where he is currently in a cabin located in Austria (in the novelisation, on the Aiguille du Mort, a mountain near the town of Chamonix). While leaving Bond is ambushed by a Russian team, but is able to kill one of them in self-defense prior to parachuting off the mountain. Unbeknownst to Bond, the agent he killed is Amasova's lover Sergei Barsov. She has also been recalled from a mission by General Gogol of the KGB.
His sister Naila Jornet Burgada and his girlfriend Emelie Forsberg from Sweden also compete in ski mountaineering and skyrunning events.What Makes Jornet Burgada Run? athleticsandsports.com On 7 September 2013 Jornet and Forsberg had to be rescued by the "Peloton de Gendarmerie de haute montagne" (PGHM, alpine rescue squad) at 3,800 meters of altitude (ésperon Frendo) while attempting to climb the north face of the Aiguille du Midi in the Mont Blanc massif, wearing trail running shoes with crampons and a body stocking. Since February 2016 Jornet and Forsberg are resident in Rauma municipality in Norway.
The Aiguille Verte (; ), which is French for "Green Needle", is a mountain in the Mont Blanc massif in the French Alps. It was first climbed on 29 June 1865 by Edward Whymper, Christian Almer and Franz Biner, a fortnight before the fateful first ascent of the Matterhorn. Whymper was unable to climb with his usual guide, Michel Croz, who had to wait for a client in Chamonix. As a result, Whymper hired the services of Christian Almer, who had been with Alfred Wills on the Wetterhorn in 1854.
He made notable ascents of a number of peaks in other parts of the Alps in the early 1900s. One of his most notable first ascents was of the Pain de Sucre du Soreiller, a granite peak in the French Massif des Écrins, which he climbed in 1913 with Guido Mayer (an Austrian client with whom he climbed many peaks in the Dolomites and other parts of the Alps). This mountain was renamed the Aiguille Dibona in his honor. Dibona developed a long-term and almost symbiotic friendship with Mayer and his brother.
The new refuge is accessible by an internal staircase equipped with a service lift for skis and mountaineering equipment. A panoramic trail, accessible during the summer, also leads to the new refuge. From the refuge, climbers can descent to the Toula Glacier or the Vallée Blanche, or do one of the numerous ascents on ice in the Combe Maudite and Mont Blanc du Tacul basins. Other mountaineering excursions in the area are the Dent du Géant (Giant's Tooth), the Rochefort ridge, the Tour Ronde, the Aiguille d'Entrèves, Aiguilles Marbrées, Grand Capucin, and the Tacul satellites.
In 1967 he was a member of the French team that made the first ascent of the French Direct on Norway's Troll Wall. Through the 1970s he climbed many new routes in the Vercors and the Chamonix Aiguilles, the Cordier Pillars on the Grands CharmozPilier Cordier – Cordier Pillar – 5.9 TD and the Aiguille de Roc bear his name. He climbed, solo, the Nose on El Capitan in America's Yosemite Valley in 1972. His new route on the East Ridge of the Lepiney was accomplished using new climbing ideas brought back from the USA.
In September 2007, the body of a young mountaineer, who had died in 1954, was discovered on the glacier. It was found by a hiker at an elevation of 2,500 metres below a mountain trail. After investigation, it was ascertained to be a 24-year-old man who had disappeared on 4 August 1954 with his 21-year-old brother and 16-year-old sister, returning from climbing the ascent Aiguille de la Lex Blanche (3,697 m) The bodies of two younger people were found two kilometres above the foot of the glacier face.
The tunnel passes almost exactly under the summit of the Aiguille du Midi. At this spot, it lies beneath the surface, making it the world's second deepest operational tunnel after the Gotthard Base Tunnel. The Mont Blanc Tunnel was originally managed by the two building companies. Following a fire in 1999 in which 39 people died, which showed how lack of coordination could hamper the safety of the tunnel, all the operations are managed by a single entity: MBT-EEIG, controlled by both ATMB and SITMB together, through a 50–50 shares distribution.
His first notable success was the first repetition of Karl Brendelet's and Hermann Schaller's difficult climb on the south ridge route of the Aiguille Noire de Peuterey one year after them. Further he completed some first ascents of reliefs in the Dauphiné Alps, for example the North West of the Pic d'Olan and the North West of the Ailefroide. During a visit in Chile in 1934, he climbed some five-thousanders. Also notable would be his ascent on the south west edge of the Picco Gugliermina, which he mastered together with Gabriele Boccalatte in 1938.
The medieval island of Mont-Saint-Michel, the most visited monument in Normandy The Arche and the Aiguille of the cliffs of Étretat thatched building. This is now a village hall The historical Duchy of Normandy was a formerly independent duchy occupying the lower Seine area, the Pays de Caux and the region to the west through the Pays d'Auge as far as the Cotentin Peninsula. Western Normandy belongs to the Armorican Massif, while most of the region lies in the Paris Basin. France's oldest rocks are exposed in Jobourg, on the Cotentin peninsula.
She was a keen and accomplished hill-walker and mountaineer. When working in London in her twenties, she would sometimes travel back to Aberdeen taking a night train to Aviemore, Kingussie or Blair Atholl, and then walking over the Cairngorm Mountains to Braemar. In the 1950s she organized many parties of friends and older children to the Alps to climb and to enjoy the pleasures of mobile holidays. She did a number of classic Alpine routes, including the Mer de Glace face of the Aiguille du Grépon (1955) and the traverse of the Meije (1958).
She began climbing with the Fell and Rock Climbing Club in Corsica and the Pyrenees before her first trip to the Alps in 1920, when she met Joseph Georges, who would become her climbing partner for many years. In 1929 she became the first woman to ascend Mont Blanc via the Brouillard Ridge. In 1934 she climbed Mont Blanc via the Aiguille de Bionassay, and became the first person to descend the mountain via the Peuteret Ridge. Thompson completed a book of her climbing memoirs after the Second World War, but only published it privately.
53 In 1912, he witnessed the well-known British mountaineer H. O. Jones, Jones's new wife Muriel Edwards, and their guide Julius Truffer fall to their death on the Aiguille Rouge de Peuterey. Preuss, who was unroped and scouting, returned only to watch Truffer fall due to a broken hold, taking the rest of the party with him. Preuss often climbed alone because he believed soloing to be safer; only his own life was at stake. Even before the Joneses' tragedy, he wasn't willing to risk the lives of his belayers on difficult routes.
Alongside Albert Mummery, Dent was one of the most prominent of the British climbers who attempted the few remaining unclimbed mountains in the Alps in the period known as the silver age of alpinism. As an alpinist, Dent was very different from Mummery: Dent's first ascents in the Alps include the Lenzspitze (4,294 m) in the Pennine Alps in August 1870, with Alexander Burgener and a porter, Franz Burgener (of whom Dent wrote 'his conversational powers were limited by an odd practice of carrying heavy parcels in his mouth'), and the Portjengrat (Pizzo d'Andollo, 3,654 m) above the valley of Saas-Fee in 1871. On 5 September 1872 the combined parties of Dent and guide Alexander Burgener, with George Augustus Passingham, and his guides Ferdinand Imseng and Franz Andermatten, made the first ascent of the south-east ridge of the Zinalrothorn (4,221 m); this is the current voie normale on the mountain.Dumler and Burkhardt, p. 136 The Aiguille du Dru He then turned his attention to the Aiguille du Dru (3,754 m), a steep granite peak in the Mont Blanc massif that had been ignored by the early generation of alpinists whose ambitions had been focused more on the higher mountains.
Eccles began climbing in the Alps in the 1860s and made an early ascent of the Matterhorn on 20 July 1869 from the Breuil side, employing J. A. Carrel and Bich as guides, together with two Chamoniards with whom he would subsequently often climb – the Payot brothers, Alphonse and Michel.Whymper, Edward, Scrambles amongst the Alps, Courier Dover Publications, 1996, p. 425 Alpine historian C. Douglas Milner called Eccles a climber of "exceptional calibre" and his guides the Payot brothers as "the finest that Chamonix could provide at that time".Milner, C. Douglas, Mont Blanc and the Aiguilles, Robert Hale Limited, 1955, p. 74 Eccles had a special interest in the mountains of the Mont Blanc massif – Dumler calls him "that assiduous Mont Blanc explorer"Dumler, Helmut and Burkhardt, Willi P., The High Mountains of the Alps, London: Diadem, 1994, p. 182 – and made the first ascent of the Aiguille du Plan in July 1871 with Alphonse and Michel Payot.Whymper, Edward, Chamonix and the range of Mont Blanc: a guide, J. Murray, 1897, p. 124 This party also made the first ascent of the Aiguille de Rochefort in 1873 and the Dôme de Rochefort in 1881, the latter via its north-west face.
Between the anchors of these cables at either side, there is a difference in altitude of , resulting in these cables having a horizontal inclination of some 23° to the direction of the tramway. From this support the cable car runs to Pointe Helbronner ( altitude). The two peaks have their own cable car system connecting them to their nearby villages. The French Téléphérique de l'Aiguille du Midi connects the peak of Aiguille du Midi to the village of Chamonix, while the Italian Skyway Monte Bianco (Funivie Monte Bianco) connects the peak of Pointe Helbronner to the village of La Palud, just north of Courmayeur.
In memory of Henri Cordier, the Pic de Neige Cordier, located above the Glacier Blanc in the Massif des Ecrins, was named after him. It was climbed for the first time on 3 August 1877 by Paul Guillemin, Émile Pic, and Pierre Estienne. Cordier also gave his name to posterity in two first-routes, which he had executed in 1876 with Thomas Middlemore, John Oakley Maund and guides Jakob Anderegg, Andreas Maurer and Johann Jaun: the Cordier Couloir on the North Face of the Aiguille Verte and the Cordier route on the north face of Les Courtes (both in the Mont Blanc massif).
She loves to bake and eat buns after working a while as a baker. At times her recipes appear on her blog under the heading Recipes from a mountain lover. Forsberg is very active on social media and has over 150 000 followers on Facebook (March 2019). On 7 September 2013 Forsberg and Kílian Jornet were rescued by the PGHM (Peloton de Gendarmerie de Haute Montagne, Mountain Gendarmerie) on the Frendo spur of the North Face of Aiguille du Midi in the Mont Blanc massif close to Chamonix, France, in degenerating weather and with inadequate equipment for the situation.
There she met and married mountaineer George Kogan, who was the first to introduce her to climbing. Following the war, the couple became members of the Groupe de Haute Montagne and climbed Chamonix, Dauphiné, the north face of the Dru, and the south ridge of the Aiguille Noire de Peuterey. In the early 1950s she and her husband climbed in South America and claimed the first ascent of Alpamayo, and also reached the summit of Kitarahu (both with Nicole Leiniger). Her husband died in 1951, but Kogan returned to South America in 1952 and climbed Salcantay with the expedition led by Bernard Pierre.
The Cosmiques Hut is most easily reached from the Aiguille du Midi, which itself is most easily reached via the telepherique (an aerial tramway) from Chamonix. The initial descent for skiers and mountaineers leaving the Midi cable-car station can be very intimidating on account of its considerable exposure. It has been described as "one of the most crowded and infamous passages of snow arête in the Alps, much feared by off-piste skiers and novice alpinists alike." The descent from the Midi station and glacier path to reach the Cosmiques Hut takes approximately 45 minutes, and is graded at PD-.
In 2013, Sommer appears in a web series called The Perfect Flight produced by Epic TV where he performs stunts with the late Ludovic Woerth (who filmed the flights thanks to cameras attached to his helmet) and Espen Fadnes. In the first episode, they went to Rio in Brazil and fly near Christ the Redeemer. In the second one, the three friends tried to fly under the bridge of Aiguille du Midi, located in the French Alps. Then, they fly between the Tianmen mountains in China, where Espen Fadnes narrowly escaped collision with a cable car.
F.P. Journe is a Swiss high-end watch manufacture founded in 1999 and named after the founder, François-Paul Journe. The only three-time winner of the Aiguille d'Or grand prize from the , F.P. Journe focuses on complex precision chronometers with a production of around 800 watches per year. 20% of the company was acquired by Chanel in 2018 for an undisclosed amount. F.P. Journe is the only watchmaker still based in central Geneva, with company headquarters, manufacturing facilities, and an exhibition space with library housed in a converted gaslamp factory in the Coulouvreniere Rois neighborhood.
One of Glynne's main interests was mountaineering and rock climbing, although her family did not support the hobby, as her mother's cousin, Owen Glynne Jones died at the age of 32 in a climbing accident on Dent Blanche. Despite this, Glynne climbed throughout her life, including in Australia and New Zealand whilst she was touring there. She recorded the second ever ascent of Mount Spencer in New Zealand, the first by a woman. When she returned to Europe, she climbed major Alpine peaks such as Matterhorn, Mont Blanc, La Meije and Aiguille du Dru in the 1930s.
With Duhamel, besides the ascent of Pic Gaspard in 1878, he opened in 1880 a route on the south face of the Barre des Écrins from La Bérarde and the following year a new route on the southeast side of the Aiguille du Plat de la Selle. In 1885 Gaspard opened a new route to the Meije by the edge of the Brêche. Popularly known as "père Gaspard", he remained a mountain guide until an advanced age, guiding a party to La Meije at the age of 76. He guided his last party at the age of 80.
Perhaps his most celebrated first ascent was of the Walker Spur on the north face of the Grandes Jorasses in the Mont Blanc massif on 4–6 August 1938 with Esposito and Ugo Tizzoni. The alpine historian Helmut Dumler comments that this was "by then universally acknowledged as the finest alpine challenge."Helmut Dumler and Willi P. Burkhardt (1994) The High Mountains of the Alps, London: Diadem, p. 190, According to Claire Engel: In 1939, together with Tizzoni, Cassin made the first ascent of a steep line on the north face of the Aiguille de Leschaux.
In May 1996, Siffredi snowboarded down the north face of the Aiguille du Midi on Mont Blanc along the Mallory track, a descent of 1,000 meters with passages of more than 50-degree incline. In 1998, in preparation for climbing the Himalayas, he climbed Tocllaraju in Peru (6,032 m) with Philippe Forte and René Robert. In 1999 he climbed Dorje Lhakpa (6,988 m) in Nepal and made the first snowboard descent of the mountain. In autumn 2001, he climbed Shisha Pangma, Himalayas (8,027 m) with the intention of making the entire descent by snowboard, but strong winds prevented the attempt.
L'assiette sur une aiguille (plate on a needle) Lustre en bulles de savon (soap-bubble chandelier) Under the pen name Tom Tit, Arthur Good wrote a series of weekly articles, La Science Amusante, or Amusing Science, for the French magazine L’Illustration. Good presented a range of physical experiments, from "simple games meant to amuse the family" to experiments "of a truly scientific character". They introduce a range of physical and scientific principles including magnetism and surface tension. Good's articles include geometrical demonstrations, craft projects, and physics experiments which can be carried out with everyday household materials.
Cabane du Trient Trient Glacier Trient Glacier and Aiguilles Dorées (left) The Trient hut (French: Cabane du Trient) is a mountain hut in the Swiss alps, near the Swiss town of Martigny and the French town of Chamonix. The hut sits at an altitude of 3,170 m (10,400 ft), on a rock perched above the Trient Glacier. It can be reached on foot by mountaineers and strong hikers with experience of glacier travel. From the hut you can walk to the Albert Premier and Argentière huts in France, as well as the Cabane de Saleina (Switzerland) at the foot of the Aiguille d'Argentière.
A corresponding, but much older cable car on the northern side of the Mont Blanc massif, which ascends from Chamonix to the Aiguille du Midi, attracts around 500,000 people per annum, with an annual turnover of 16 million euros. Previously the older Funivia Monte Bianco attracted 100,000 visitors per annum, but the new Skyway Monte Bianco was forecast to attract some 300,000 visitors per year. Concerns were expressed by environmental organisations, both before and after the Skyway's construction. These centred around the 'disproportionate scale' and very high impact of the development on the mountain environment, as well as the commoditisation of the high alpine environment.
For the snowboarding scene, which was shot in the italian side of Aiguille de la Grande Sassière in Aosta Valley, professional snowboarders Xavier de Le Rue and Jeremy Jones, along with Ralph Backstrom and Mike Basich, were hired to play stunt doubles. There were daily avalanche checks during the shoot, and a significant amount of time was spent sitting and waiting for the right conditions to film. For this scene, Core and members of his crew roped down cliffs to record the snowboarders from the best possible angles. At some point, Core had to give Xavier the camera and he had to shoot other people.
In October 2017 representatives from all three nations finally signed a joint declaration of intent as the first formal step towards submitting a bid for the Mont Blanc massif to be a candidate for inclusion on UNESCO's World Heritage Site list.Le massif du Mont-Blanc bientôt classé à l’UNESCO? All the French parts of the Mont Blanc massif, plus the neighbouring Aiguille Rouges range, have been listed as a Zone naturelle d'intérêt écologique, faunistique et floristique (ZNIEFF). This does not give regulatory protection, but is a recognition of the outstanding biodiversity of the area, and of its landscape, geomorphological, geological, historical and scientific importance.
The five areas—Bourg-Saint-Maurice, Arc 1600, Arc 1800, Arc 1950, and Arc 2000—are situated at an altitude spanning from 810 to 3226 metres, although skiing is mostly possible above 1200 metres. The ski area consists of 106 runs, 54 lifts, and 200 kilometres of descent. The highest peak in the resort is the Aiguille Rouge (Red Needle) from where is a 7 km long piste with 2026 metres in vertical drop down to the Village Villaroger. Since the opening of the Vanoise Express cable car in December 2003, Les Arcs has become part of the Paradiski group of ski- connected resorts, which also includes the La Plagne area.
Vallandry and Plan-Peisey 300px At one end of the ski area are the villages of Vallandry, Peisey, and Plan- Peisey, from which the Vanoise Express cable-car departs (to La Plagne, the other half of the Paradiski huge ski domain). At the other end, across the valley from Sainte-Foy-Tarentaise, are the villages of Le Pre and Villaroger. A continuous run with vertical drop links Aiguille Rouge to Le Pre, and although rather low at Villaroger can be reached for most of the season given artificial snow and that it is north facing. Administratively these villages are not part of the Les Arcs ski domain, but are seamlessly linked.
IX, reprinted as 'The First Ascent of the Dru', in Peaks, Passes and Glaciers, ed. Walt Unsworth, London: Allen Lane, 1981, p. 62 Dent at last made the first ascent of the Grande Aiguille du Dru (the higher of the mountain's two summits) on 12 September 1878, with James Walker Hartley and the guides Alexander Burgener and Kaspar Maurer.Engel, p. 137 He wrote of the Dru: Together with British alpinists such as Mummery, A. W. Moore and D. W. Freshfield, Dent was involved in the pioneering of climbing in the Caucasus, where he made the first ascent of Gestola (4,860 m) with W. F. Donkin in 1886.
By the end of the 13th century a few large crosses had been erected in passes and on hills. Examples from this period include the Confin Cross in St. Valentin on the Mals Heath, which also acted as a boundary marker, or crosses on the Arlberg, the Gardena Pass or Birnlücke. An early example of a large cross, visible from the valley floor, being set up on a mountain top, occurred during the first successful climb of Mont Aiguille in 1492, when three crosses were put up at the corner of the summit plateau. In the 16th century crosses were erected with increasing frequency on mountain peaks, especially for the purpose of marking alpine pasture and municipal boundaries.
Pointe Helbronner () is a mountain in the Mont Blanc massif in the Graian Alps on the watershed between France and Italy. The peak, which used to be a mere geodetic reference point, was named after Paul Helbronner, a French polytechnicien, alpinist and geodesist who pioneered cartography of the French Alps. Pointe Helbronner is served on the Italian side by the Skyway Monte Bianco, a cable car from La Palud, a village north of the town of Courmayeur in the Aosta Valley. Pointe Helbronner is also served by the Vallee Blanche Aerial Tramway, which crosses from the peak to the nearby peak of Aiguille du Midi in France--a peak-to-peak distance of .
Thereafter, Mont Blanc became an important venue for his mountaineering exploits, and he had many regular wealthy clients from across Europe, including Elizabeth Hawkins-Whitshed, Paul Güssfeldt and Prince Luigi Amedeo, Duke of the Abruzzi. In 1882, Rey was leader of a team that retrieved the bodies of Francis Maitland Balfour and his guide Johann Petrus, who together had attempted to make the first ascent of the Aiguille Blanche de Peuterey. Balfour had invited Rey to join his party, but Rey declined, considering the snow to be in a dangerous condition. It was to be another three years later before Rey was involved in the first successful attempt to reach its summit.
Mummery is best remembered for his pioneering efforts in mountaineering. Initially, he climbed with mountain guides, but with his companions William Cecil Slingsby and J. Norman Collie he was part of the movement which revolutionized alpinism by the practice of guideless climbing. He invented the Mummery tent, a type of tent used in the early days of mountaineering. He made a series of remarkable first ascents, most notably the Aiguille du Grépon (which features a crack named after him), the Dent du Requin, the Grands Charmoz, the Teufelsgrat on the Täschhorn, the Dürrenhorn and the Zmutt ridge of the Matterhorn, which he ascended on 3 September 1879 with the guides Alexander Burgener, J. Petrus and A. Gentinetta.
The central peak of the Aiguilles d’Arves was first climbed by the brothers Pierre Alexis and Benoît Nicolas Magnin, from nearby Saint-Michel-de-Maurienne, on 2 September 1839. As evidence they built a cairn and left two Sardinian coins under a rock on the summit.Benoît Nicolas Magnin, The Ascent of the Central Aiguille d'Arves, The Alpine Journal, Volume 18, 1895 The southern summit was first climbed by the Swiss mountain guides Christian and Ulrich Almer and their American client, W. A. B. Coolidge from New York. During the 1870s and 1880s, Coolidge claimed a number of first ascents and worked extensively in the Dauphiné Alps. Earlier, the same party had climbed L’Auguille Centrale in 1874.
The Vallée Blanche Cable Car has fixed track cables (one each direction) carrying 12 groups of 3 small cabins each which are pulled by a haulage rope of in a single loop. The cabins take some 30 to 35 minutes for the whole distance, including 5 short stops corresponding the stops of the cabins arriving in the stations at either end. The cabins run from the Aiguille du Midi station ( altitude) across a span of over Vallée Blanche, a glacier and snow valley, to the Gros Rognon station (). The Gros Rognon station is not a passenger station--it contains the counterweights of the fixed cables and the rails bending the horizontal direction of the cables by some 8° to the right.
Blaise Agresti – The Gouter Problem on Mont Blanc The route up to the Aiguille du Goûter beyond the Grand Couloir From 1990 to 2011, the French mountain police force registers show 291 rescue operations in the Goûter couloir, which resulted in 74 deaths and 180 injuriesFatality on Goûter Route! and from 1990 to 2017 347 rescue operations here, related to accidents which resulted in 102 deaths and 230 injuries.Climbing Mont Blanc: 10 reasons to think twiceWhy Is Mont Blanc One of the World's Deadliest Mountains? – Over-eager guides and casual tourists crowd France's Mont Blanc, which has highest fatality rate in Europe During the extremely hot summer of 2015, the Goûter Hut was even temporarily closed on prefectural order to dissuade climbers from taking this route.
The Tour Ronde can be most easily reached within about 1.5 hours from the Torino Hut near Pointe Helbronner, where mountaineers spend the night before leaving, usually well before dawn, to ascend the summit early the next day. Alternate and longer routes can be made from the Refuge des Cosmiques at the Col du Midi via a passage across the head of the Vallee Blanche and the Géant Glacier (or from Chamonix via the Aiguille du Midi and the Vallée Blanche Aerial Tramway). Pointe Helbronner can also be reached from the Italian side on foot or via cablecar from Courmayeur. Other even longer start or finish points include the Requin Hut above Montenvers, reached by a long but impressive glacier trek.
Richardson began climbing in 1871 although she did not become well-known until 1879, when she became the first person to traverse Piz Palü in the Bernina Range. In 1882, in a span of eight days she climbed the Zinalrothorn, the Weisshorn, the Matterhorn and Monte Rosa. Accompanied by Pierre Gaspard and J. B. Bich, in 1888 she became the first woman to climb La Meije, which the editor of the Alpine Journal at the time thought to be "the most noteworthy" event of the climbing season. The same year, she made the first ascent of the Aiguille de Bionnassay, the first traverse from the Bionnassay to the Dôme du Goûter, and the first ascent of the Aiguilles des Charmoz.
Commissioned officers of the Household Cavalry in full dress wearing aiguillettes Bundle of 20 braided gold and silver laces with stamped brass tags or aiglets, first half of the 17th century An aiguillette' (, from aiguille, "needle"), also spelled ', ' or ', is a cord with metal tips or lace tags, or the decorative tip itself. Functional or purely decorative fasteners of silk cord with metal tips popular in the 16th and early 17th centuries, sometimes of gold set with gemstones or enameled, are generally called "aiglets", "aglets" or "points". In modern usage, an "aiguillette" is an ornamental braided cord with decorative metal tips worn on uniforms or as part of other costumes such as academic dress, where it will denote an honour. This usage of "aiguillette" derives from lacing used to fasten plate armor together.
The north-east face of the Aiguille Verte, with the Cordier Couloir marked in purple In August 1870 Middlemore climbed Monte Rosa, the Strahlhorn and the Wetterhorn with guide Jakob Anderegg of Meiringen while qualifying for membership of the Alpine Club. In 1872 he made a traverse of the Matterhorn together with Frederick Gardiner and the guides Jean-Joseph Maquignaz, Johann Jaun and Peter Knubel of St. Niklaus in the canton Valais. According to Claire Engel, Middlemore was one of the first alpinists to climb routes in the Alps of an unprecedented degree of difficulty and danger: Piz Bernina. Middlemore made the first ascent of the celebrated Biancograt (centre) The ethics of employing a guide and then taking him into an area where there was significant objective danger created a considerable controversy at the time.
Alexander Burgener Alexander Burgener (10 January 1845, Saas Fee – 8 July 1910, near the Berglihütte) was a Swiss mountain guide and the first ascentionist of many mountains and new routes in the western Alps during the silver age of alpinism. Together with Albert Mummery, he made the first ascent of the Zmuttgrat on the Matterhorn on 3 September 1879, and of the Grands Charmoz (1880) and the Aiguille du Grépon in the Mont Blanc Massif (5 August 1881). With another British alpinist, Clinton Thomas Dent, he made the first ascent of the Lenzspitze (August 1870) and the Grand Dru (12 September 1878), He was killed by an avalanche on 8 July 1910 near the Berglihütte in the Bernese Alps. Six other climbers died in the avalanche, including Burgener's son Adolf.
He made winter ascents of the Grandes Jorasses and the Gran Paradiso, as well as putting up several new routes on Mont Blanc, including the Peuterey ridge on 15–19 August 1893 (with Emile Rey, Christian Klucker and César Ollier). Pointe Güssfeldt (4,112 m), the highest summit on the Aiguille Blanche de Peuterey is named after him, as is the Güssfeldtsattel, the col between Piz Scerscen and Piz Roseg also known as the Porta da Roseg. This steep ice slope was first climbed by Güssfeldt with guides Hans Grass, Peter Jenny and Caspar Capat on 13 September 1872. Güssfeldt explored a portion of the Andes, where he discovered a number of glaciers in latitude 34° 30' S. He also ascended to the top of the volcano of Maipo.
Map of the Goûter route, showing the location of the Goûter Refuge. Approach to the hut beyond the Grand Couloir The refuge, with its own helicopter landing platform for logistics and mountain rescue operations, is located in the south-east of France, in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region and the department of Haute-Savoie. It is located on the territory of the municipality of Saint-Gervais-les-Bains and dominates the Bionnassay glacier, on the eastern slope of Val Montjoie in the Mont Blanc massif. It stands at an altitude of 3,835 meters on the snowy ridge of the Aiguille du Goûter (3,863 m), which separates the Val Montjoie from the main basin of the Arve Valley, with the towns of Les Houches and the alpinism and ski resort of Chamonix-Mont-Blanc.
For economists, Modane is attached to Haute Maurienne, arguing that the city has a very strong influence on the villages of Haute Maurienne, through economic and administrative infrastructure such as shopping centres, schools or the railway station for example. However, for the great majority of analysts, Modane is a commune attached to the middle part of this valley, both by the relief (encompassing the whole canton is a dug coal-bearing furrow which extends to Saint-Michel- de-Maurienne), and by the industrial history of this sector. With an area of [], the commune extends along a north–south axis on both sides of the valley. To the north, Modane is bounded by the Roc des Saints Pères, and the Aiguille de Péclet (northwest) and the Dôme de Polset (northeast).
On 17 March 1986, Boivin, using skis, paraglider and hang glider for his descents,Mark Twight, Kiss Or Kill: Confessions of a Serial Climber, The Mountaineers Books, 2002, p. 33 linked up ascents of the north faces of the Aiguille Verte, Les Droites, Les Courtes and the Grandes Jorasses, flying back to the Chamonix valley after his final ascent and arriving at 0:30 am. On 11–12 March 1987, Profit was the first to climb the three hardest of the great north faces of the Alps (the Eiger, the Matterhorn and the Grandes Jorasses) in one outing, completing the feat in a time of 24 hours. In 1995 Lafaille made a 16-day solo enchainment of ten classic alpine faces, including routes on the Eiger, Monte Rosa, the Matterhorn and Mont Blanc.
The mountain is located at the head of the Susa valley in Italy and the Maurienne valley in France and is on the border of the Italian comune of Bardonecchia to the south and the French commune of Bramans to the north. With an elevation of 3,382 m, it is the second highest peak of the Northern Cottian Alps after the Aiguille de Scolette (3,506 m), edging out Mont d'Ambin to its east by four metres. The SOIUSA partition of the Alps places Rognosa in the Ambin group of the northern Cottian Alps, in the Etiache ridge with code I/B-9.IV-A.2.a. According to the French partition of the Western Alps, the mountain is part of the Ambin group of the :fr:Massif du Mont-Cenis.
Helmut Dumler and Willi P. Burkhardt, The High Mountains of the Alps, London: Diadem, 1994 The east ridge was first climbed in descent as part of a traverse from the Dômes de Miage by Katharine Richardson, Emile Rey and Jean-Baptiste Bich on 13 August 1888. The long west ridge was first climbed in its entirety from the Col de Tricot in 1911 by Fraulein Eleonore Hasenclever and Freulein H. Wirthl with M. Helff, K.G. von Saar and Richard Weitzenbock. The complete north-west face route was finally climbed in 1926 by billionaire businessman and art collector, Robert Wylie Lloyd, with his guides Adolf and Josep Pollinger. The first winter ascent of the Aiguille de Bionnassay was made on 20 March 1929 by A. Charlet, F. Frison Roche, H. Hoerlin, E.Schneider and H. Schroeder.
Les Arcs 2000 (in front) and 1950 (4-floor houses behind) from Aiguille Rouge With a cable to 1950 and free shuttle buses to all of the other villages, Les Arcs' highest station has more than adequate transport links. It has a wide selection of shops, a cinema screen and meeting facilities. Being the highest it often has the best snow, although the nursery slopes above 2000 have a reputation for being crowded, and there are not so many tree-lined pistes for when the weather gets bad. The Varet gondola is a quick way to get up to the higher parts of the resort and there is also a new selection of six- seater chairlifts including Arcabulle, Bois de l'ors, and Marmottes to quickly ship skiers to the different sides of the mountain.
Unlike many of his contemporaries, he did not learn his craft by serving an apprenticeship with other, older guides. One British mountaineer wrote in detail about Rey's achievements in "Pioneers of the Alps" (1888) The first offer that Rey received of a long-term engagement as a guide came only after he had reached the age of thirty, when Lord Wentworth retained him for the greater part of the 1876 climbing season, and for the subsequent two seasons. In 1877 they made notable first ascents together of the Aiguille (Noire) de Peuterey, and Les Jumeaux de Valtournanche. However it was with two other clients, J. Baumann and John Oakley Maund, that Rey started to make his name as one of the most skillful and boldest rock-climbers in the Alps.
At the south-east extremity of the plateau, the highest part of the enclosing ridge is surmounted by two conical summits, of which the higher south-west point (Grand Combin de Grafeneire) is 4,314 meters in height, while the neighbouring north- east summit (Aiguille du Croissant) is lower by less than 60 meters (4,260 metres). Two other minor summits over 4,000 metres are located on the ridge: the Grand Combin de Valsorey (4184 m) on the west and the Combin de la Tsessette (4135 m) on the east. On the west side, the plateau sinks to a considerably lower level, and over this lies the Col des Maisons Blanches (3,418 m), by which access to the Corbassiere valley is obtained from the side of the Val d'Entremont. All the waters flowing on the region end up in the Dranse river and the Rhone.
Rifugio Elisabetta Soldini Montanaro View towards Col de la Seigne, Val Veny, with location of Rifugio Elisabetta highlighted in expanded view. Rifugio Elisabetta (or Rifugio Elisabetta Soldini Montanaro to give it its full, but less well-used name) is a refuge in the Italian Alps at an altitude of 2,195 m, which provides a convenient overnight stage for walkers undertaking the Tour du Mont Blanc. It is located 3 km north-east of the Col de la Seigne, at the south-west end of the Mont Blanc massif, and provides good views of Mont Blanc and the Aiguille Noire de Peuterey. Because of its popularity, plus the fact that there are no other huts along this part of the Tour du Mont Blanc, walkers are advised to book in advance during the peak periods in July and August.
Menhir commemorating the wreck of Droits de l'Homme (shown in the picture as damaged by storm with the topmost portion having broken off)Exact French casualties are difficult to calculate, but of the 1,300 aboard Droits de l'Homme, 103 are known to have died in the battle and just over 300 were saved from the wreck, indicating the deaths of approximately 900 men on the French ship between the morning of 14 January and the morning of 18 January.James, pp. 15–19. However, a French source suggests that up to another 500 of the crew were rescued from the wreck by the corvette Arrogante and the cutter Aiguille on 17 and 18 January.Jakez Cornou et Bruno Jonin, L'odyssée du vaisseau "Droits de l'homme" : L'expédition d'Irlande de 1796, éditions Dufa, 1 January 1988, p. 216. This would give a toll of only about 400.
In its strictest sense, the Mer de Glace can be considered as originating at an elevation of , just north of the Aiguille du Tacul, where it is formed by the confluence of the Glacier de Leschaux and the Glacier du Tacul. The former is fed by the Glacier du Talefre, whilst the latter is, in turn, fed by the Glacier des Periardes, the vast Glacier du Géant and the broad icefields of the Vallee Blanche. The Glacier du Tacul supplies much more ice than the Glacier de Leschaux. Mer de Glace, circa 1870 However, if the Mer de Glace is considered in its broadest sense (i.e. from source to tongue), it is a compound valley glacier, gaining ice from snowfields that cover the heights directly north of Mont Blanc at an altitude of around 4,000 metres.
In 1877, together with the Anglican St. John's College and the Presbyterian Manitoba College, it helped establish the University of Manitoba.SAINT-PIERRE, Annette, De fil en aiguille au Manitoba, Winnipeg, Éditions des Plaines, 1995, 376 p. Collège served both francophone and anglophone Catholic students. Around the same time, Manitoba saw a major influx of French-speaking newcomers from Quebec as well as France, Switzerland and Belgium. In 1880, increased enrolment led to the construction of a larger building on the site of what is now Provencher Park. Annual enrolment at that time was around 300 students.PELCHAT, Carole, archivist at Université de Saint-Boniface In 1890, French lost its official language status in Manitoba, and in 1916, the Thornton Act strictly prohibited French-language instruction in the province's public schools. As a private institution, Collège remained in operation and even encouraged public schools to defy the government ban.
Charles Hudson Charles Hudson (4 October 1828 – 14 July 1865) was an Anglican chaplain and mountain climber from Skillington, Lincolnshire, England. Hudson was one of the most important climbers of the golden age of alpinism. An immensely strong walker, amongst his climbs were the first ascent of Monte Rosa in 1855, the first official ascent of Mont Blanc du Tacul in 1855, the first completed passage of the Mönchjoch in 1858, the first ascent of Mont Blanc by the Goûter route (incomplete) in 1859 with E. S. Kennedy and party, and the second ascent of the Aiguille Verte (the first by the Moine ridge) in 1865 (with T. S. Kennedy and Michel Croz). He is also considered a pioneer of English guideless climbing in the western Alps, having made the first guideless ascent of Mont Blanc in 1855 and a guideless ascent of the Breithorn.
Tête Rousse Hut Tête Rousse Hut beside the Tête Rousse glacier with Aiguille de Bionnassay in the background View down the Grand Couloir, looking towards the Tête Rousse Hut and the Tête Rousse Glacier The old Tête Rousse Hut, now dismantled The Base Camp, with the Grand Couloir and the Gouter Hut in the background The Tête Rousse Hut (French: Refuge de Tête Rousse) is a mountain hut in the Mont Blanc massif in the French Alps. It is located beside the Tête Rousse Glacier at an altitude of 3,167 m. Owned by the Club Alpin Francais (CAF), it is normally reached after an approximately two hour climb from Nid d'Aigle, the highest stop on the Mont Blanc Tramway. It is commonly used by mountaineers attempting to climb the modern normal route on the French side or Goûter route to the summit of Mont Blanc.
Steck's was the first solo ascent of Annapurna, which won him his second Piolet d'Or. In the winter of 2014/15, Steck and linked up the three north faces of the Tre Cime di Lavaredo/Drei Zinnen in 16 hours. In the summer of 2015, he climbed all 82 summits in the Alps higher than 4000 meters in 62 days without the use of motorized travel.Ueli Steck schafft alle Alpen- Viertausender in 62 Tagen (in German)Susan Joy Paul, Ueli Steck Interview: Climbing all 82 4000-Meter Peaks in the Alps, Alpinist, 18 August 2015 Two days slower than the 60-day record, his time included a period when Steck had suspended the tour on July 22, after his climbing partner on the Aiguille de Rochefort, Martijn Seuren, had fallen to his death on this final peak to make him the first Dutch person to climb all 82 4000ers.
The Fortified Section of Savoy (Secteur fortifié de la Savoie) was the French military organization that in 1940 controlled the section of the Alpine Line portion of the Maginot Line facing Italy in the Savoy region. The sector constituted part of the Alpine Line portion of the Maginot Line, between the Defensive Sector of the Rhône to the north, and the Fortified Sector of the Dauphiné to the south. The works combined a number of pre-1914 fortifications with Maginot-style ouvrages, with many forward-positioned cavern-style frontier stations or avant-postes that proved effective in holding invading forces near the order. Surface of Ouvrage Saint-Gobain The sector formed a discontinuous line about long along France's frontier with Italy, from the Aiguille des Glaciers on the Mont Blanc massif, through Bourg-Saint-Maurice to the Moulinière peak on the Massif des Cerces, to Valloire.
He was more successful in advocating the creation of the "Société des Arts" (1776), inspired by the London Society for the Improvement of Arts. Beginning in 1774 Saussure sought to reach the summit of Mont-Blanc on the side of Val Veny (now Italy) accompanied by the Courmayeur alpine guide Jean-Laurent Jordaney on the Miage glacier and on Mont Crammont.Douglas W. Freshfield, Horace-Bénédict de Saussure, éd. Slatkine. In 1776 he ascended the Buet (3,096 m). He climbed the Crammont in 1774 and again in 1778, in which year he also explored the Valsorey glacier, near the Great St Bernard. In 1780 he climbed the Roche Michel, above the Mont Cenis Pass. In 1785, he made an unsuccessful attempt on Mont-Blanc by the Aiguille du Goûter route. Two Chamonix men, Michel Paccard and Jacques Balmat, attained the summit in 1786, by way of the Grands Mulets, and in 1787 Saussure himself made the third ascent of the mountain.
It is situated between le Pas de la Ville to the north and le Pas des Chattons to the south, and is part of the eastern edge of the high plateau of the Massif du Vercors.Geol-Alp, Geology of the Vercors, retrieved 29 February 2012, It is preceded to the north by (north to south) "le Rocher de Séguret" (the Rock of Séguret, 2051 metres), "Roche Rousse" (Red Rock, 2105 metres), and "le Sommet de Pierre-Blanche" (the Summit of White Rock, 2106 metres) and followed to the south (north to south) by Petit Veymont or Aiguillette (little Veymont or small needle, 2120 metres) and Mont Aiguille (Mount Needle, 2085 metres).Sentiers Nature, Géolocalisation des randonnées, retrieved 29 February 2012, Due to its location in the Parc du Vercors, it is far from any paved road. A moderately easy route to the summit involves walking about 10 km, hiking through the backcountry.
In 1986, on one of his first visits to the Alps, Cave did several climbs in just a few weeks, including: the north face of the Col du Plan (solo climbed); the Bonatti Pillar, Aiguille du Dru; the Freney Pillar directissima, Mont Blanc; Gervussutti Pillar, Mont Blanc du Tacul; Walker Spur, Grandes Jorasses; Brenva Spur, Mont Blanc; the north face of the Eiger; and the north face of Les Droites. On a subsequent visit, he climbed the Brandler/Hasse route on the Cima Grande di Lavaredo, the Fish on the Marmolada, the Piz Badile north face (solo climbed), the Harlins/Robins direct on the Dru, Divine Providence on Mont Blanc, and a new route on the east face of the Grandes Jorrasses. Other ascents in the Mont Blanc massif have included: the Jori Bardill directissima, the Dru couloir, the Peuterey Ridge, the Hyper Coulouir (Brouillard Face), and the Cechinel-Nominee route on the Grand Pillar d'Angle.
Długosz became the leading Polish climber in the mid-1950s due to his significant climbs in the Tatras, including the two hardest one at the date (and needing new aid equipment), routes in 1955 (so called Wariant R on the Mnich, with Andrzej Pietsch, and the left side of Kazalnica, with Czesław Momatiuk). He made the first winter ascents of the biggest walls in Polish Tatras in 1956-57, which demanded innovative tactics and techniques. He successfully climbed in the Alps (in 1957, the eighth overall ascent of the west face of Aiguille du Dru, with Momatiuk and Stanisław Biel), in 1960 Grand Capucin and 1961, attempt to Eiger and in August 1961 the 1st ascent of the Central pillar of Frêney, considered then as 'The last problem of the Alps' which had seen a month earlier the tragic Bonatti-Mazeaud drama in which they lost four of their companions) and in Caucasus (1958 Ullu-Tau, 1959 Dykh-Tau and Shkhara).
After the Genevan scientist Horace-Bénédict de Saussure in 1760 offered a reward to the first man to reach the summit of Mont Blanc, inhabitants from the Arve Valley (then part of the independent Duchy of Savoy) started exploring the possibilities. Already before the actual first successful ascent by Jacques Balmat and Michel-Gabriel Paccard via the Glacier des Bossons in 1786, also an approach over the Aiguille du Goûter was considered for a possible gateway to the summit. As early as 1784, two years before the first ascent of Mont Blanc, the hunters Jean-Marie Couttet and François Guidet suggested this location to build some kind of cabin to facilitate climbers, but it was not until 1854 that Dr. Charles Loiseau had a crude stone shed (abri) built for him to spend the night on 30 July 1854, prior to an ascent attempt. He was unsuccessful in this, having been thwarted by bad weather.
Educated at University College School in Hampstead, Bonington joined the Royal Fusiliers before attending Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, and on graduation was commissioned in the Royal Tank Regiment in 1956. After serving three years in North Germany, he spent two years at the Army Outward Bound School as a mountaineering instructor. Bonington was part of the party that made the first British ascent of the South West Pillar (aka Bonatti Pillar) of the Aiguille du Dru in 1958, and the first ascent of the Central Pillar of Freney on the south side of Mont Blanc in 1961 with Don Whillans, Ian Clough and Jan Dlugosz (Poland). In 1960 he was part of the successful joint British-Indian-Nepalese forces expedition to Annapurna II. On leaving the British Army in 1961, he joined Van den Berghs, a division of Unilever, but he left after nine months, and became a professional mountaineer and explorer.
The first ascent of the Matterhorn (1865), lithograph by Gustave Doré Radiocarbon-dated charcoal placed around 50,000 years ago was found in the Drachloch (Dragon's Hole) cave above the village of Vattis in the canton of St. Gallen, proving that the high peaks were visited by prehistoric people. Seven bear skulls from the cave may have been buried by the same prehistoric people.Shoumatoff (2001), 108 The peaks, however, were mostly ignored except for a few notable examples, and long left to the exclusive attention of the people of the adjoining valleys.Shoumatoff (2001), 188–191 The mountain peaks were seen as terrifying, the abode of dragons and demons, to the point that people blindfolded themselves to cross the Alpine passes.Fleming (2000), 6 The glaciers remained a mystery and many still believed the highest areas to be inhabited by dragons.Fleming (2000), 12 Charles VII of France ordered his chamberlain to climb Mont Aiguille in 1356.
Walter Bonatti (; 22 June 1930 in Bergamo – 13 September 2011 in Rome) was an Italian mountain climber, explorer and journalistWalter Bonatti: Ground- breaking mountaineer who played a crucial role in the first ascent of K2Walter Bonatti, légende de l'alpinisme italien, est mort - L'alpiniste, écrivain et journaliste Walter Bonatti a signé quelques-unes des ascensions les plus audacieuses et complexes des années 50 et 60Walter Bonatti, alpiniste italien. Il est mort d'un cancer, le 13 septembre, à Rome, à l'âge de 81 ans. He was noted for his many climbing achievements, including a solo climb of a new route on the south-west pillar of the Aiguille du Dru in August 1955, the first ascent of Gasherbrum IV in 1958 and in 1965 the first solo climb in winter of the North face of the Matterhorn on the mountain's centenary year of its first ascent. Immediately after his extraordinary solo climb on the Matterhorn Bonatti announced his retirement from professional climbing at the age of 35 and after 17 years of climbing activity.
Terray's grave in Chamonix Lionel Terray (25 July 1921 – 19 September 1965) was a French climber who made many first ascents, including Makalu in the Himalaya (with Jean Couzy on 15 May 1955) and Cerro Fitz Roy in the Patagonian Andes (with Guido Magnone in 1952). A climbing guide and ski instructor, Terray was active in mountain combat against Germany during World War II. After the war, he became well known as one of the best Chamonix climbers and guides, noted for his speedy ascents of some of the most notorious climbs in the French, Italian, and Swiss Alps: the Walker Spur of the Grandes Jorasses, the south face of the Aiguille Noire de Peuterey, the north-east face of Piz Badile, and the north face of the Eiger. Terray, frequently with climbing partner Louis Lachenal, broke previous climbing speed records. Terray was a member of Maurice Herzog's 1950 expedition to the Nepalese Himalayan peak, Annapurna, the highest peak climbed at the time, and the first 8000-meter peak climbed (although British climbers George Mallory, Andrew Irvine, George Finch, Geoffrey Bruce, Henry Morshead, Teddy Norton and Howard Somervell had reached higher altitudes on Mount Everest during the 1920s).
From the cablecar base station at Entrèves (at an altitude of 1,300 meters above sea level), the Skyway Monte Bianco rises to a mid-way station at Pavillon Du Mont-Frety at an altitude of 2,173 meters. It takes six minutes to reach this point, during which time the 80-person cabin makes one complete rotation, giving visitors all-round views into the Aosta valley and along both Val Veny and Val Ferret, as well as improved access to the Italian side of the Mont Blanc massif and a link via the Vallée Blanche Aerial Tramway to the Aiguille du Midi, from where a separate cable car descends to the town of Chamonix in France. The half-way station of the Pavillon contains a restaurant and conference centre, plus one of the highest botanical gardens in the region, containing some 900 alpine plant species, as well as access to a network of trails. Visitors can continue upwards via a second cable car which also slowly revolves, and takes ten minutes to reach Punta Helbronner (known as the Eagles Nest) at an altitude of 3,466 meters.
The higher region of the Alps were long left to the exclusive attention of the inhabitants of the adjoining valleys, even when Alpine travellers (as distinguished from Alpine climbers) began to visit these valleys. It is reckoned that about 20 glacier passes were certainly known before 1600, about 25 more before 1700, and yet another 20 before 1800; but though the attempt of P.A. Arnod (an official of the duchy of Aosta) in 1689 to "re-open" the Col du Ceant may be counted as made by a non-native, historical records do not show any further such activities until the last quarter of the 18th century. Nor did it fare much better with the high peaks, though the two earliest recorded ascents were due to non-natives, that of the Rocciamelone in 1358 having been undertaken in fulfilment of a vow, and that of the Mont Aiguille in 1492 by order of Charles VIII of France, in order to destroy its immense reputation for inaccessibility – in 1555 Conrad Gesner did not climb Pilatus proper, but only the grassy mound of the Gnepfstein, the lowest and the most westerly of the seven summits.
Starting from the Bocchetta di Altare or di Colle di Cadibona (west of Savona), the main chain extends first south-west, then north-west to the Col de Tenda, though nowhere rising much beyond the zone of coniferous trees. Beyond the Col de Tenda the direction is first roughly west, then north-west to the Rocca dei Tre Vescovi (2,840 m), just south of the Enciastraia (2,955 m), several peaks of about 3,000 metres rising on the watershed, though the highest of all, the Punta dell'Argentera (3,297 m) stands a little way to its north. From the Rocher des Trois Eveques the water divide runs due north for a long distance, though of the two loftiest peaks of this region one, the Aiguille de Chambeyron (3,412 m), is just to the west, and the other, the Monviso (3,841 m), is just to the east of the divide. From the head of the Val Pellice the main chain runs north-west and diminishes much in average height until it reaches the Mont Thabor (3,178 m), which forms the apex of a salient angle which the main chain here presents towards the west.
At age 18, Bonatti started climbing on the Grigna, a rocky mountain of the Italian Prealps, where he spent the summer of 1948 climbing intensively. During 1949, within a year of starting to climb, he made the first repetition of the Oppio- Colnaghi-Guidi Route, a challenging climb on the South Face of the Croz dell'Altissimo long and rated UIAA V+. Soon after followed the climb of the Bramani-Castiglioni Route on the North-West face of Piz Badile, a second repetition of the Ratti-Vitali route on the West Face of the Aiguille Noire de Peuterey, a rocky mountain in the Italian part of the Mont Blanc massif and the fourth ascent of the Walker Spur on the North Face of the Grandes Jorasses in only two days and with limited equipment. This last route had been climbed for the first time in 1938 by famous climber Riccardo Cassin and consists of of rock-climbing with UIAA difficulty of IV and V and one step of VI+. The climb of the Walker Spur by the Cassin route is exposed to stone-fall and ranks together with the North Face of the Eiger as one of the major climbs achieved in the Alps between the two world wars.

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