Captain True went on to command Destroyer Division Four from late 1942 into 1943, and then the Navy Weather and Aerology billets until he retired from active duty in December 1946.
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Atmospheric science has been extended to the field of planetary science and the study of the atmospheres of the planets and natural satellites of the solar system. Experimental instruments used in atmospheric science include satellites, rocketsondes, radiosondes, weather balloons, and lasers. The term aerology (from Greek ἀήρ, aēr, "air"; and -λογία, -logia) is sometimes used as an alternative term for the study of Earth's atmosphere; in other definitions, aerology is restricted to the free atmosphere, the region above the planetary boundary layer. Early pioneers in the field include Léon Teisserenc de Bort and Richard Assmann.
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Research during the expedition was split into two groups. The first being geophysical; seismology, geomagnetism, earth currents, aurora, cosmic rays, radio propagation, aerology and meteorology. The second group was more fieldwork based; mapping new land, oceanography, geology and glaciology etc.
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Morris Heights () is a relatively smooth ice-covered heights, forming a peninsula- like divide between Beaver and King Glaciers at the north end of Queen Alexandra Range. Named by Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) for Lieutenant Clarence T. Morris, U.S. Navy, aerology officer on the staff of the Commander, U.S. Naval Support Force, Antarctica, 1962 and 1963.
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The manual also has two holes punched through it in order for it to be placed into a binder or bound in some fashion with the other manuals in the series once they were received. The manual states on the very first page that it, plus the other issues in the series, once bound together will make a “complete text on Aerology”.
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This was the intelligence unit of the American Navy in China during the period of war. SACO began setting up camps in 1943. These camps were later referred to as units during the establishment of the Naval Group China. These were units for training guerrillas of China in small arms, sabotage, demolition, radio handling, and combat techniques, aerology, and ship and aircraft recognition.
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Several layers can be distinguished in the atmosphere, based on characteristics such as temperature and composition. The study of Earth's atmosphere and its processes is called atmospheric science (aerology), and includes multiple subfields, such as climatology and atmospheric physics. Early pioneers in the field include Léon Teisserenc de Bort and Richard Assmann. The study of historic atmosphere is called paleoclimatology.
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The competitor with the lowest cumulative score is declared the winner. Competitors jump in teams of 5 maximum, exiting the aircraft at 1000 or 1200 meters and opening their parachutes sequentially to allow each competitor a clear approach to the target. This sport is unpredictable because weather conditions play a very important part. So classic accuracy requires high adaptability to aerology and excellent steering control.
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The station was opened on September 7, 2008. The primary objective of the station was to improve the quality of weather forecasts and to study global processes of climate change. Work was carried out on environment monitoring, and research in the fields of meteorology, oceanology, glaciology, and aerology was carried out. The expedition consisted of 18 polar explorers, several dogs, and more than 150 tons of cargo.
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Competitor with the lowest cumulative score is declared the winner. Competitors jump in teams of 5 maximum, exiting the aircraft at 1000 or 1200 meters and opening their parachutes sequentially to allow each competitor a clear approach to the target. This Sport is pretty unpredictable because Weather Conditions play a very important part. So Accuracy Landing requires high adaptability to aerology and excellent steering control.
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Arnold Ellsworth True was born in Owenton, Kentucky on January 23, 1901 and graduated from the U.S. Naval Academy in 1920. His early naval career included serving in cruisers, destroyers, and other ships, as well as with airships until 1929, when he began studying Aerology and Meteorology. After receiving his Master of Science Degree from Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1931, he practiced those disciplines in a variety of navy positions.
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Beall Island is an Antarctic rocky island, long, with small coves indenting the east and west sides, lying northwest of Mitchell Peninsula in the Windmill Islands. It was first mapped from air photos taken by USN Operation Highjump and Operation Windmill in 1947 and 1948. It was named by the US-ACAN for James M. Beall, U.S. Weather Bureau observer with Operation Windmill who assisted staff aerology officers with forecasting duties.
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Buildings 4A and 4B were the Instruction buildings. These were used to instruct cadets in physics, radio, mathematics, theory of flight, navigation, aerology, and gunnery. The buildings were two-story "H" shaped with the same dimensions as the B1 Type barrack. The first floor contained class rooms in the wings with a study room in the central portion, while the second floor had a plane and ship recognition room and an assembly room that was .
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Two days out of Buckner Bay, on 7 October, the barometer began to plummet; and, as Valentine's historian recorded, "all indications pointed to some pretty rough weather." Aerology reports indicated that a typhoon was passing ahead of the ship, and it was expected, initially, to go up the China coast. However, late on the 8th, the storm's course changed. In view of that development, Valentine reversed course to stay out of its center.
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"Ice Formation on Aircraft" was the first issue in the Aerology Series produced by the Bureau of Aeronautics Training Division, Navy Department, Washington D.C.. The issue does not credit a single author or artist for the work, as the manual is meant for training purposes and was provided to Naval Aviation Cadets.Bureau of Aeronautics. (1943). "Ice Formation on Aircraft". Navy Department, Bureau of Aeronautics Training Division, Washington, D.C. This issue of Ice Formation on Aircraft was published in 1943.
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From 1914 until 1918, during the German occupation, the RMI stops all activities. It was bombed on August 20, 1914 and rebuilt at the beginning of 1919. In 1919, Jules Jaumotte, astronomer, aviator from World War I and pioneer in the aerial photography, becomes director of the RMI and focuses on the possibility to realize atmospheric soundings in real time. Those new approaches in the study of atmosphere lead to a new science, the synoptic Aerology.
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After the attack on Pearl Harbor (in December 1941), the Navy trained increasing numbers of weather personnel, including several hundred women, to meet the demands of a rapidly expanding force. In 1942 the Navy created the Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service (WAVES) program. One of the earliest volunteers was van Straten, who was immediately assigned to the Naval Aerology Service. She was then trained as a weather forecaster at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MTI).
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Building 6 was the Operations building. All flight operations were controlled from an air conditioned observation room in the control tower of this building, which had windows overlooking the runway and landing mat areas. Signalling, radio sending and receiving equipment, and switches controlling the electric lighting of the runways were operated from this room. Communications, radio and weather reporting offices were located on the second floor, with offices of the operating personnel, aerology department and record department on the first floor.
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Plastic Balloons for Planetary Research. Presented at the Fourth Annual Meeting of the American Astronomical Society. January 31, 1958 On September 7, 1956, the University of Minnesota launched a giant Mylar balloon (developed by the G. T. Schejeldahl Corporation of Northfield, MN) to set an unofficial balloon altitude record of for unmanned balloons. In 1957 the US Navy began an operational aerology system known as Transosonde (trans- ocean sounding), consisting of almost daily balloon flights across the Pacific Ocean from Japan.
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Arthur Josef Stanislaus Berson (6 August 1859 - 3 December 1942) was a GermanEncyklopedia PWN - Berson Artur meteorologist and pioneer of aerology who was a native of Neu Sandez, Galicia (now Nowy Sącz, Poland). After visiting the gymnasium in Neu Sandez, Berson studied philology in Vienna. He then studied meteorology and geography in Berlin, where he had as instructors Ferdinand von Richthofen and Wilhelm von Bezold. In 1890 he was an assistant to meteorologist Richard Aßmann at the Meteorological Institute in Berlin.
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Wladimir Peter Köppen (, born Vladimir Petrovich Kyoppen (); 25 September 1846 – 22 June 1940) was a Russian-German geographer, meteorologist, climatologist and botanist. After studies in St. Petersburg, he spent the bulk of his life and professional career in Germany and Austria. His most notable contribution to science was the development of the Köppen climate classification system, which, with some modifications, is still commonly used. Köppen made significant contributions to several branches of science, and coined the name aerology for the science of measuring the upper air / atmosphere.
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Seilkopf Peaks () is a group of mainly ice-free peaks and ridges between Portalen Pass and Nalegga Ridge in the Borg Massif, Queen Maud Land. The feature was photograph air by the German Antarctic Expedition (1938–39) and named for Heinrich Seilkopf, head of the marine aerology section of the Deutsche Seewarte (German Hydrographic Office) in Hamburg. Although rudely mapped by German Antarctic Expedition, the Seilkopf Peaks are clearly shown and identified in air photos published by the expedition. The peaks were mapped in detail by the Norwegian-British-Swedish Antarctic Expedition (NBSAE) (1949–52).
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Reich entered the U.S. Naval Reserve Force, planning to become a pilot, in 1917. He attended the ground school at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, signing up for courses in aerology (meteorology for fliers), expecting to be sent to Europe. Instead, he was sent to Nova Scotia to brief submarine patrol pilots on weather phenomena. At that time, forecasting had relatively thin scientific foundation, but "Reich," as he was known to his friends, believed forecasting was of crucial importance in aviation and anticipated its development into a more scientific discipline.
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Aerology film production was supervised by naval aviation experts and some members of Disney's team learned how to fly to better understand the problems the Army Air Forces encountered. Victory Through Air Power (1943) is one of the propaganda films Disney produced for air warfare. This film is an attempt to sell Major Alexander de Seversky's theories about the practical uses of long range strategic bombing. The animated film humorously tells about the development of air warfare and then switches to the Major illustrating how his ideas could win the war for the Allies.
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Devara's work focussed on research into atmospheric optics and radiation, remote sensing, characterization of atmospheric aerosols and trace gases, and aerosol-cloud climate interactions. He has contributed to the development of optical and radar remote sensing techniques for the study of aerosols, trace gases and state variables, for understanding their role in weather and climate processes. In 1979, Devara received a Young Scientist award from the Government of Andhra Pradesh Akademi of Sciences. In 1980, he joined IITM as a senior scientific officer and became head of the Physical Meteorology and Aerology (PM and A) Division.
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This in turn was replaced by a gold insignia with a center device of a silver anchor within a silver circle, used from 1929 to 1968. Naval Aviation Observer/Flight Meteorologist Badge For a brief period starting in 1945, the Secretary of the Navy approved distinct insignia for Naval Aviation Observers with Navigation, Radar, Tactical, and Aerology specializations. These were abolished in favor of the standardized gold insignia/silver anchor/silver circle design. In 1966 a new insignia was instituted, and by 1968 the Naval Aviation Observer Badge was replaced by the Naval Flight Officer Badge.
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During the 1890s, he was involved in international "simultaneous ascents" with balloonists from other nations. These ascents were performed in order to study variances of climatic conditions above different locations in Europe, to work to bring about uniformity in methods of observation, and to create increased cooperation among nations in the new science of aerology. With Richard Aßmann; Berson at the right On 31 July 1901, with meteorologist Reinhard Süring, he took his most celebrated ascent. Starting from Berlin-Tempelhof aboard the Preussen, Berson and Süring ultimately reached a height of 10,800 meters above sea level.
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Léon Philippe Teisserenc de Bort (5 November 1855 in Paris, France – 2 January 1913 in Cannes, France) was a French meteorologist and a pioneer in the field of aerology. Together with Richard Assmann (1845-1918), he is credited as co- discoverer of the stratosphere, as both men announced their discovery during the same time period in 1902. Ultraviolet radiation in the solar system By Manuel Vázquez, Arnold Hanslmeier Teisserenc de Bort pioneered the use of unmanned instrumented balloons and was the first to identify the region in the atmosphere around 8-17 kilometers of height where the lapse rate reaches zero, known today as the tropopause.
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The experience is said to have impressed Reich with the importance of accurate forecasting and the need for improving the science. “Reich” flew in dirigibles (including the Hindenberg), a variety of fixed wing aircraft, and competed as a hot air balloonist. Dissatisfied with U.S. texts on meteorology, Reich turned to Norwegian meteorologists Vilhelm and Jacob Bjerknes and was attracted to the notion of treating weather phenomena as physical air mass and frontal movements instead of basing predictions on tabulation of isobar changes. Because of his meteorological and aviation experience, he was appointed Chief of Navy Aerology in 1922 and served in that capacity until 1928.
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Sable Island station The Sable Island Station, managed and staffed by Parks Canada, is the only permanently staffed facility on the island. Climatological record-keeping on Sable Island began in 1871 with the establishment of the Meteorological Service of Canada, and ran continuously from 1891 until Aug 20, 2019. Sable Island has been the subject of extensive scientific research over the years. The Meteorological Service of Canada operated a wide range of manual and automated instruments, including the Automated Weather Observing System, an aerology program measuring conditions in the upper atmosphere using a radiosonde carried aloft by a hydrogen-filled weather balloon to altitudes beyond , and a program collecting data on background levels of carbon dioxide, which began there in 1974.
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By 1943, van Straten had been assigned to the headquarters staff, the Aerology section of the Bureau of Aeronautics, where she worked in the Operational Analysis Section. Here she compiled extensive analyses of the effects of weather on naval operations, from both historical sources and more recent naval actions. In 1946, she became a civilian adviser to the Chief of Naval Operations. After the war, van Straten continued to work for the Naval Weather Service as a civilian atmospheric physicist where her analytical work on the conditions of the upper atmosphere assisted in the development of long- range missile technology. From 1948 to 1962, she headed the technical requirements section, describing her position as the “application of environmental factors to military operations.” In 1958 she was named the ‘Woman of the Year’ by the women’s wing of the Aero Medical Society of America.
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To improve forecasting based on mass frontal movements, he collected and analyzed thousands of weather charts and developed a grid of strategically located weather stations, including shipboard ones, which would permit coordinated collection and analysis of the radiosonde data. Starting before the U.S. entered World War II, the Weather Bureau used data from two Atlantic U.S. Coast Guard Weather Stations (WS1 and WS 2) to support and protect thousands of merchant convoys between the Western Hemisphere and Europe, civil and military aviation, and the movement of troop ships. With his naval aerology, shipboard, and aviation experience, his long career in the U. S. Navy, his calm demeanor, and excellent communication skills, “Reich” brought broad expertise to the task of leading the Weather Bureau during the war. He understood the need for worldwide weather services, helped institute wartime training for hundreds of meteorologists, recruited hundreds of women to replace the men who had entered the armed services, and served on the Joint Meteorological Committee composed of himself and the heads of the Army and Navy weather services.
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