The incoherent propagation of light through the sheet can also be represented by a matrix. If no light redistribution takes occurs on the path, the propagation matrix D is a diagonal matrix. The single entries consist of the Lambert-Beer absorption factor, including cosine of the polar angle and the absorption coefficient of the respective material.
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Omicron Columbae is a star in the southern constellation Columba. It has an apparent visual magnitude of 4.81, which is bright enough to be faintly visible to the naked eye. The distance to this star, as determined by an annual parallax shift of 30.82 mas, is 105.8 light years. The visual magnitude is reduced by an interstellar absorption factor of 0.06 due to intervening dust.
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Delta Piscium (δ Piscium) is a solitary, orange-hued star in the zodiac constellation of Pisces. It has an apparent visual magnitude of +4.4, so it is bright enough to be faintly visible to the naked eye. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 10.5 mas, it is around from the Sun. The visual magnitude of the star is diminished by an interstellar absorption factor of 0.08 due to interstellar dust.
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Pi6 Orionis (π6 Ori, π6 Orionis) is a solitary star in the eastern part of the constellation Orion. It is visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 4.469. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 3.45 mas, it is around 950 light years from the Sun. At that distance, the visual magnitude of the star is reduced by an interstellar absorption factor of 0.52.
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Omicron2 Orionis (ο2 Ori) is a solitary star in the constellation Orion. It has an apparent visual magnitude of 4.06, which is bright enough to be seen with the naked eye. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 17.54 mas, it is around 186 light years from the Sun. At that distance, the visual magnitude of the star is diminished by an interstellar absorption factor of 0.09 due to intervening dust.
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Omicron1 Orionis (ο1 Ori) is a binary star in the northeastern corner of the constellation Orion. It is visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 4.7. Based upon an annual parallax shift of , it is located approximately 650 light years from the Sun. At that distance, the visual magnitude of the star is diminished by an interstellar absorption factor of 0.27 due to intervening dust.
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Lambda Leonis (λ Leonis, abbreviated Lam Leo, λ Leo), formally named Alterf , is a star in the constellation of Leo. The star is bright enough to be seen with the naked eye, having an apparent visual magnitude of 4.32 Based upon an annual parallax shift of 0.00991 arcseconds, it is located about 329 light- years from the Sun. At that distance, the visual magnitude of the star is reduced by an interstellar absorption factor of 0.06 because of extinction.
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Microfiber materials such as PrimaLoft are used for thermal insulation as a replacement for down feather insulation in sleeping bags and outdoor equipment, because of their better retention of heat when damp or wet. Microfiber is also used for water insulation in automotive car covers. Depending on the technology the fiber manufacturer is using, such material may contain from 2 up to 5 thin layers, merged. Such combination ensures not only high absorption factor, but also breathability of the material, which prevents greenhouse effect.
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For a while, perforated metal panels with holes in the 1 – 10 mm range have been used as a cage for sound-absorbing glass-fiber bats where large holes let the sound waves reach into the absorbent fiber. Another use has been the creation of narrowband Helmholtz absorbers which can be tuned by hole size and the dimensions of the hole distance and air gap behind the panel. However, when the hole dimensions are in the region of 0.05 - 0.5 mm, the narrow absorption peaks become much wider, making the additional fiber absorber more or less unnecessary, while still maintaining a very high absorption factor. By varying geometrical and material parameters, the acoustical performance can be tailored to meet a multitude of specifications in various applications.
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