123 Sentences With "Aboriginal person" | Random Sentence Generator

"It showed that the damage must have been done by another aboriginal person, presumably with a wooden artifact rather than metal sword," Dr. Wood said.

After his arrest, Kevin manages to finally ask one Aboriginal person for the final part of the songline, yet that's not because he's learned his lesson.

" • Quotation of the day "I thought about what it would be like to be an Aboriginal person in that situation and I guess that helped me.

"Being a very public Aboriginal person and having my identity being so a part of my work, why that's so important is it comes down to equality," Ms. Lui told me.

"I thought about what it would be like to be an Aboriginal person in that situation and I guess that helped me," Harper, who is white, said of her refusal to stand.

Black rights activists, politicians, poets, nurses, barristers, artists, and the first Aboriginal person (male or female) to play test cricket for Australia, women living and passed are being acknowledged on the social network.

Shapiro had been asked about the issue after the Blue Jays broadcaster Jerry Howarth said he refused to use the team name, having received a letter from an aboriginal person saying such terms were deeply offensive.

She was one of the first Aboriginal graduates of her university, one of the country's first Aboriginal teachers, the first Aboriginal person to serve in the New South Wales Parliament, and the first Aboriginal woman to be elected to the House of Representatives.

SYDNEY, Dec 16 (Reuters) - Fast food giant McDonald's Corp said it fired the manager of two restaurants in rural Australia after a video circulated on social media showing people identified as him and his female partner using racist language in an argument with an Aboriginal person.

In 2016, one Aboriginal person died in custody in NSW; this was the first time an Aboriginal person had died in custody in NSW or the ACT since the CNSs were implemented. Police failed to notify the CNS, rather than there being any problem with the service itself. this was the first time an Aboriginal person had died in custody in NSW or the ACT since the CNSs were implemented. Police failed to notify the CNS when the law did not mandate it for the case in question, rather than there being any problem with the service itself.

After ending her involvement with the project, the museum ultimately failed. In 1986, Clague was the first Aboriginal person to become a trustee on the Australian Museum Trust.

We've all > had it. Every Aboriginal person I know of in my generation has had one hell > of a time. Nobody has a mortgage on that. We've all been through it.

Alexander Riley (1884-1970) was an Australian Aboriginal tracker from the Dubbo area and the first Aboriginal person to gain the rank of sergeant in the New South Wales Police Force.

Under the Police Force Amendment Regulations 2019 (WA), Western Australia Police will be required to phone the CNS every time an Aboriginal person, child or adult, is detained in a police facility, regardless of the reason.

The literal meaning of Bininj is human being, Aboriginal vs non-Aboriginal person, and also 'man' in opposition to 'woman'. "Bininj" is a word in the Kunwok language, often referred to by its dominant dialect Kunwinjku.

There was no written form of the many languages spoken by Indigenous peoples before colonisation. A letter to Governor Arthur Phillip written by Bennelong in 1796 is the first known work written in English by an Aboriginal person. The historic Yirrkala bark petitions of 1963 are the first traditional Aboriginal documents recognised by the Australian Parliament. In the 20th century, David Unaipon (1872–1967), known as the first Aboriginal author, is credited for providing the first accounts of Aboriginal mythology written by an Aboriginal person, in his Legendary Tales of the Aborigines (1924–1925).

John Newfong (3 November 1943 - 30 May 1999), Aboriginal Australian journalist, a descendant of the Ngugi people of Moreton Bay and writer, was the first Aboriginal person to be employed as a journalist in the mainstream print media.

The meeting resulted in a great increase in membership of the League and a big boost in funds for the hostel. AALSA, led by the Duguids, was responsible organising a petition to change the SA Police Offences Act 1953, resulting in a repeal of the "consorting clause", which made it an offence for a non-Aboriginal person to "habitually consort" with an Aboriginal person, in 1958. In the wake of the 1967 referendum, Aboriginal people increasingly took control of their own affairs. In Victoria, non-Aboriginal members of the Victorian Aborigines Advancement League had to resign in 1969.

Born in Sainte-Adèle, Quebec, she was the first aboriginal person in Canada to own and operate a private commercial radio station, Welland, Ontario's SPIRIT 91.7 (now CIXL-FM). In 1965, she married Gordon W. Burnett. They had one child, Michèle-Élise.

The first known non Aboriginal person to reside on the island was fisherman James Seton Veitch Mein in 1857 who established a beche-de-mer smoking station. Coconut palms were planted on the island in 1899 to provide food for shipwrecked sailors.

HTAV, Melbourne. Indigenous Australians began to take up representation in Australian parliaments during the 1970s. In 1971 Neville Bonner of the Liberal Party was appointed by the Queensland Parliament to replace a retiring senator, becoming the first Aboriginal person in Federal Parliament.

Stanley John "Stan" McKay is a Canadian Christian minister from Fisher River Cree Nation, Manitoba. He served as the 34th Moderator of the United Church of Canada and is the first Aboriginal person to have led a mainline Protestant denomination in Canada.

A legal historian estimated in 1991 that at least 67 classifications, descriptions or definitions to determine who is an Aboriginal person had been used by governments since white settlement in Australia. Originally published May 2003, see Essentially Yours: The Protection of Human Genetic Information in Australia (ALRC Report 96).

In September 1925, he ordained James Noble, the first Australian Aboriginal person to be made a deacon of the Anglican Church. After 17 years in North West Australia, Trower retired to Chale, Isle of Wight, where he died in 1928.Isle of Wight County Press, 31 August 1928.

He fired a shotgun in retaliation, wounding one Aboriginal person. Later that year, Pinkerton's overseer killed an Aboriginal man on the station. This was part of a wider battle being waged throughout the west coast of the Eyre Peninsula at this time. It appears that later in life, Pinkerton left Australia.

He became mayor of Sioux Lookout, Ontario, in 1991,"Incumbents win 131 of 225 mayoral races in province". Ottawa Citizen, 14 November 1991. becoming the first aboriginal person in the province ever elected to the mayoralty of a municipality that was not a First Nations reserve."Politics of the spirit".

William Leonard Espie (25 June 1935 - 22 September 2011) was born in Alice Springs and went on to become the highest ranking Aboriginal person to serve on any Australian police force; he was, at one point the Chief Inspector in the NSW Police Force. He is remembered as a "Centralian hero".

The last speaker of Bruny Island was likely Truganini, who is also widely accepted as the last full-blooded Tasmanian Aboriginal person. She was a daughter of Mangana, Chief of the Bruny Island people. Her name was the word her tribe used to describe the grey saltbush Atriplex cinerea.Ellis, V. R. 1981.

When it was time for Caley to return home in 1810 he wrote to Joseph Banks seeking permission to bring Moowattin with him. They sailed to England on HMS Hindostan in 1810. Moowattin was the third Australian Aboriginal person to visit England. Bennelong and Yemmerrawanne had visited England 18 years earlier in 1792.

However, the Sudbury Journal republished at least two stories from the newspaper in May, 1901 (not included in volume 1, number 1), proof that further issues were indeed published, although their extent is not known. Although short-lived, the paper was the first Aboriginal language newspaper written, compiled, and published solely by an Aboriginal person in Canada (and just the second in North AmericaThe first Aboriginal language newspaper in North America, published by an Aboriginal person(s), was the Cherokee Advocate). All previous publications in Aboriginal languages in Canada were written and published by European, Canadian, or American missionaries.To get a sense of the range of serial publications in Aboriginal languages in Canada and the United States, see: James P. Danky, ed.

The Aborigines Act Amendment Act 1939 created the Aborigines Protection Board in South Australia, which was "charged with the duty of controlling and promoting the welfare" of Aboriginal people (which included anyone descended from an Aboriginal person). Charles Duguid was a founding board member; other board members included J. B. Cleland and Constance Cooke.

Robert "Robbie" AhMat (born 19 July 1977), is a former Australian rules footballer. His ancestors were Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders. Ahmat's cousins are Matthew Ahmat (Brisbane/Sydney), Andrew McLeod (Adelaide) and Nakia Cockatoo (Geelong). Ahmat was the second Aboriginal person to play for Collingwood Football Club, after Wally Lovett played a few games in the early 1980s.

Graydon Nicholas (born 1946, Maliseet) is an attorney, judge, and politician who served as the appointed 30th Lieutenant Governor of New Brunswick (2009-2014). He is the first Aboriginal person to hold the office, the first to be appointed as a provincial court judge (in 1991), and the first in Atlantic Canada to obtain a law degree.

Thus was institutional racism externalized as official policy. When Aboriginals began to press for recognition of their rights and to complain of corruption and abuses of power within the Indian department, the Act was amended to make it an offence for an Aboriginal person to retain a lawyer for the purpose of advancing any claims against the crown.

Margaret Williams-Weir (c. 1940 - 1 October 2015) was an Australian educator, researcher and naval officer. Williams-Weir was the first Aboriginal person to matriculate to an Australian University (shared with Geoffrey Penny), attend an Australian University and graduate from an Australian University. Williams- Weir was a member of the Malera/ Bandjalang People of northern New South Wales.

Trade with the Ngaro people in the nearby islands has also been documented. Billy Moogerah, who was the last Aboriginal person to live in the Whitsunday Islands, used to canoe from the islands to Cape Palmerston, making stops along the way for trade in Cape Hillsborough and Freshwater Point. However, Moogerah was removed from the islands when Bowen township was first settled.

Aboriginal peoples have lived in the region for generations. They survived in the dry conditions by digging soaks in the depressions between dunes, some of which were deep. David Lindsay was the first non-Aboriginal person to cross the central and southern areas of the Simpson Desert in 1886. In 1936 Ted Colson crossed the full length of the desert.

Daniel Moowattin (c1791-1816) was an Aboriginal Australian Darug man from the Parramatta area in New South Wales. He is noted for his work as a guide and assistant to the botanical collector George Caley and as the third Aboriginal person known to have visited England. There are a number of other spellings of his name, including Mow-watty, Mowwatting, Moowatting and Moowattye.

Several more incidents were reported in which Aboriginal people were raiding huts for food and blankets or digging up potatoes, but they too were killed. In an effort to conciliate Aboriginal people, Arthur arranged for the distribution of "proclamation boards" comprising four panels that depicted white and black Tasmanians dwelling together peaceably, and also illustrated the legal consequences for members of either race that committed acts of violence—that an Aboriginal would be hanged for killing a white settler and a settler would be hanged for killing an Aboriginal person. No colonist was ever charged in Van Diemen's Land, or committed for trial, for assaulting or killing an Aboriginal person. Aboriginal people maintained their attacks on settlers, killing 19 colonists between August and December 1829—the total for the year was 33, six more than for 1828.

Marcelline Picard-Kanapé , Marcelline P. Kanapé, (born 1941 in Betsiamites [now Pessamit] in the Côte-Nord region of Quebec) is considered one of the great specialists in education among First Nations in Canada, distinguishing herself since the 1950s. She was the first Innu teacher in Quebec, the first Aboriginal person to serve on the Conseil supérieur de l'éducation, and the first female Innu chief.

The Dharug language, now largely extinct, is generally considered one of two dialects, the other being the language spoken by the neighbouring Eora, constituting a single language. The word myall, a pejorative word in Australian dialect denoting any Aboriginal person who kept up a traditional way of life, originally came from the Dharug language term mayal, which denoted any person hailing from another tribe.

The locality takes its name from the parish and lagoon, which in turn come from the pastoral run name, used from before 1858, reportedly the name of an Aboriginal person. Nellybri Provisonal School opened circa 1889. Between about 1896 and 1899 it became a half-time school in conjunction with Retreat Provisional School (meaning the schools shared a single teacher). The school closed in 1906.

Grafton Njootli (March 10, 1947 – c. June 20, 1999) was a Canadian politician. He represented the electoral district of Old Crow in the Yukon Legislative Assembly from 1978 to 1982 as a member of the Yukon Progressive Conservative Party. Njootli, a community development and land claims advocate from the Vuntut Gwitchin First Nation, was the first aboriginal person elected to the Yukon Legislative Assembly.

Effectively, settler solidarity and the law of evidence ensured that Brown was never tried for the murders, despite the fact that those involved in the investigation had no doubt of his guilt. Possibly in response to Brown's case, the Aboriginal Witnesses Act of 1848 was amended in July 1849 to allow a person to be convicted on the sole testimony of an Aboriginal person.

In 1991, the Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody (RCIADIC) report recommended that Aboriginal Legal Services engage in research in law reform as well as the provision of legal services. The ALS was the first organisation to operate a Custody Notification Service (CNS), after it was established in 2000 in response to the recommendations of the RCIADIC. In 2006, the six Aboriginal Legal Services located in NSW and ACT were amalgamated in response to the funding crisis initiated by the Howard government, which had abolished the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission (ATSIC) in 2003 and instead introduced a tender process for the provision of legal aid to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. In 2016, one Aboriginal person died in custody in NSW; this was the first time an Aboriginal person had died in custody in NSW or the ACT since the CNS was implemented.

In the 1970s, Cardinal was the first Aboriginal person to be appointed to the post of regional director general of Indian Affairs. His tenure was brief and controversial. In 1984, Cardinal was appointed by the chiefs of Treaty 8 to negotiate an agreement to "renovate" that treaty. The failure of the negotiations after a promising beginning caused Cardinal to undertake a lengthy period of personal reflection, including much study with elders.

Parties searched for weeks, but his remains were never found. An aboriginal person discovered The Hammond Reef Mine in 1894 on the shore of Sawbill Lake, about 30 miles from Atikokan and showed it to John Hammond. A 10 stamp mill was built there in 1897 and 30 more stamps were added along with a hydro electric power house. It closed in 1899 because the results were disappointing.

As custom demanded his silence, "Old Joe" Bungaree (born ca. 1817), a man considered to be the last full-blooded Aboriginal person of the Gunn-e-darr tribe, was unwilling to talk about his former leader. Just before he died he confided in his friend, John P Ewing, the local police sergeant. The sergeant's son Stan Ewing (1878–1938) recorded this information and passed it on to other historians.

"So when a person dies their country suffers, trees die and become scarred because it is believed that came into being because of the deceased person". When an Aboriginal person dies the families have death ceremonies called the "Sorry Business". "During this time the entire community and family mourns the loss of the person for days". "They are expected to cry together and share grief as a community".

Mullagh was employed as a professional with the Melbourne Cricket Club and represented Victoria against the touring English team in 1879, when he top scored in the second innings. The Central Board for Aborigines ruled in 1869 that it would be illegal to remove any Aboriginal person from the colony of Victoria without the approval of the government minister. This effectively curtailed the involvement of Aboriginal players in the game.

Whereas humbug in broader English (see Charles Dickens's Scrooge character) means nonsensical, or unimportant information, humbug in Aboriginal English means to pester with inane or repetitive requests. The Warumpi Band's most recent album is entitled Too Much Humbug. In the Northern Territory, humbug is used by both black and white in this latter, Aboriginal way. The most commonly recognised definition of humbug, refers to an Aboriginal person asking a relative for money.

The inquiry culminated in the four volume 1,533-page Ipperwash Inquiry Report released on May 30, 2007. Full report According to the report, George was the "first aboriginal person to be killed in a land-rights dispute in Canada since the 19th century." The full report consisted of 4 volumes. Volume 1 covered "Investigation and Findings", Volume 2 was on Policy Analysis, Volume 3 was on Inquiry Process, and Volume 4 included the Executive Summary.

The rituals that are performed enable an Aboriginal person to return to the womb of all time, which is "Dreamtime". It allows the spirit to be connected once more to all nature, to all their ancestors, and to their own personal meaning and place within the scheme of things. "The Dreamtime is a return to the real existence for the aborigine". "Life in time is simply a passing phase – a gap in eternity".

The service would cost per year, with the Federal Government and State Government contributing and respectively. ALSWA would employ five lawyers and two support staff to run the service. ALSWA commenced its CNS service on 2 October 2019. Under the Police Force Amendment Regulations 2019 (WA), Western Australia Police will be required to phone the CNS every time an Aboriginal person, child or adult, is detained in a police facility, regardless of the reason.

It is commonly referred to as the Australia Antigen. This is because it was first isolated by the American research physician and Nobel Prize winner Baruch S. Blumberg in the serum of an Australian Aboriginal person. It was discovered to be part of the virus that caused serum hepatitis by virologist Alfred Prince in 1968. Heptavax, a "first-generation" hepatitis B vaccine in the 1980s, was made from HBsAg extracted from the blood plasma of hepatitis patients.

Aileen Moreton-Robinson (born 1 September 1956) is an Australian academic, indigenous feminist, author and activist for indigenous rights. She is an Aboriginal woman of the Goenpul tribe, part of the Quandamooka nation on Stradbroke Island in Queensland. She was the first Aboriginal person to be appointed to a mainstream lecturing position in women's studies in Australia. She has held positions in women's studies at Flinders University and Indigenous studies at Griffith University and Queensland University of Technology.

He also said that Edward Foley, one of the perpetrators, had shown him a sword covered with blood. Anderson's testimony was supported by William Hobbs and Magistrate Day, who had conducted the police investigation. The defence's case solely rested on the argument that the bodies could not be identified accurately. Justice Dowling took care to remind the jury that the law made no distinction between the murder of an Aboriginal person and the murder of a European person.

Wagaya belongs to the Warluwarric (Ngarna) subgroup of the Pama–Nyungan family of Australian languages. It is most related to Yindjilandji, Bularnu, and Warluwarra. Gavan Breen groups Wagaya together with Yindjilandji into the "Ngarru" group, while Bularnu and Warluwarra form the "Thawa" group (each respectively after the common word for 'man, Aboriginal person'). These two groups together form the southern branch of Ngarna/Warluwarric, to which the discontinuous Yanyuwa is related at the uppermost level of the whole subgroup.

Maria was a gifted child and was believed to have been taught by missionaries. She is also known to have come 1st in a NSW examination, ahead of 120 other students. She worked as a domestic and first married Dicky (son of Bennelong) in 1822 and on January 26, 1824 with former convict Robert Lock (1800-1854). This was the first legalized and recognized marriage between a European settler and an aboriginal person in the colony.

Justice LaForme was appointed to the Ontario Court of Appeal in 2004, being the first Aboriginal person ever to sit on any appellate court in Canada. He left the Court of Appeal to serve as first Chair named to the Indian Residential Schools Truth and Reconciliation Commission regarding Aboriginal peoples. On October 20, 2008 he resigned citing insubordination and returned to the Court of Appeal for Ontario, where he worked as a judge until he retired in October 2018.

Chris McLeod is an Australian bishop in the Anglican Church of Australia. He has served as an assistant bishop in the Anglican Diocese of Adelaide, as the Bishop for Aboriginal Ministry, since April 2015. McLeod is the second Australian National Aboriginal Bishop, and is only the third Aboriginal person to be appointed as bishop in Australia (and the first in South Australia). McLeod is a Gurindji man whose country is located within the Northern Territory, southwest of Katherine.

"Identifying the cause of death is determined by elders who hold the cultural authority to do so, and the causes in question are usually of a spiritual nature". "The ceremonies are likened to an autopsy of Western practice". Ceremonies and mourning periods last days, weeks and even sometimes months depending upon the social status of the deceased person. It is culturally inappropriate for a non-Aboriginal person to contact and inform the next of kin of a person's passing.

The campaign so far had been for commutation, but Evatt argued for a retrial. Printed alongside Evatt's statement on the front page was one by the South Australian Police Association intended, it said, to inform the public "of the real facts". This statement claimed that Stuart was not illiterate and spoke "impeccable English". It also claimed that Stuart was legally classified as a white man and cited a record of offences that are not offences when committed by an Aboriginal person.

Poitras uses a vocabulary of layered images, readymades and text to explore the historical and personal experience of an aboriginal person in Canadian society. This approach to creating images was developed out of Dada by the American Abstract Expressionists and their associates; Mark Rothko, Kurt Schwitters, Robert Rauschenberg, and Cy Twombly. Poitras was exposed to this work during her studies at Columbia University. Poitras extends the meaning of her paintings by applying objects holding symbolic significance to the surface of the compositions.

Writer Frank Hardy recalled one fundraising meeting at which a donor gave after hearing Lingiari speak. The donor – who said he had never before met an Aboriginal person – was a young Dr Fred Hollows, the eye surgeon and Communist activist. Brian Manning garnered support at the Waterside Workers' conference in Sydney, recommending to members a A$1 per member national levy to support the Gurindji claim for their land. This raised a in the Gurindji's battle for their land rights.

They received rations only and no other benefits, which tied them to the reserve. In 1895 the reserve was enclosed by a fence and only the local constable and the resident missionary had a key. Aboriginal people on the reserve were literally locked in. A boom gate was built at the entrance to the reserve which survived into the 1950s. As late as the 1940s, permission was needed from the reserve manager for an Aboriginal person to enter or leave the reserve.

Karimba had also managed to call to an Aboriginal person to bring men to rescue him, and the party found themselves being followed by a large group of armed Aboriginal people. Eventually, Karimba was sent on board ship, and two other Aboriginal people, who were thought most likely to have been involved in the killings, were brought on shore to act as guides. These guides led them directly to the site of the killings. The three white settlers were found all dead.

It was also recorded as being used to describe other missionaries such as William Watson in Wellington, New South Wales, by the local Wiradjuri people. The term was a compliment, as it meant that the local people thought that they had been an Aboriginal person once - based largely on the fact that they could speak the local language. Whole e-book Ngamadjidj is also the name given to a rock art site in a shelter in the Grampians National Park, sometimes translated as the "Cave of Ghosts".

The entire monument is concrete. Forty-one names and fates of the men from Evelyn Scrub who served in the Great War are attached to a brass plaque secured to one side of the pedestal behind a glass screen. Of particular interest is the inclusion of the name of an aboriginal person (designated as such) listed among those who died in service. A second plaque is fixed below the first, dedicated to the pioneers of the Evelyn Scrub by the Evelyn Social and Sports Club in 1983.

When Burney was elected as the Member for Canterbury in 2003, she became the first Aboriginal person to serve in the NSW Parliament. In her inaugural speech to the Legislative Assembly she said: She was appointed Parliamentary Secretary for Education and Training in 2005. Following the 2007 election Burney became Minister for Fair Trading, Minister for Youth, and Minister for Volunteering. In September 2008 she was promoted to Minister for Community Services and in December 2009 she was appointed Minister for the State Plan.

Lloyd Clive McDermott (also known as Mullenjaiwakka) was an Australian barrister and rugby union player. He was the first Australian Aboriginal barrister and the second Aboriginal person to represent his country in rugby union (after Cec Ramalli), playing for the Wallabies against the New Zealand All Blacks in 1962. During South Africa's era of apartheid, McDermott made a principled decision to withdraw from the squad rather than play as an "honorary white" on a subsequent South African tour. He inspired many through his sporting, professional and personal life.

Kirstie Parker (born 1967) is a Yuwallarai journalist, policy administrator and Aboriginal activist. From 2013 to 2015 she served as the co-chair of the National Congress of Australia's First Peoples and during her tenure pressed for policies which allowed Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians to gain the ability for self-determination. She has served on the board of Reconciliation Australia and other public policy commissions aimed at improving the lives of Indigenous people. She was the third Aboriginal person to serve on the Australian Press Council.

The Chief Justice, Alexander Onslow, was dismayed at the jury's verdict, and considered Anderson to be guilty of a "particularly hideous and atrocious murder". He sentenced Anderson to life imprisonment, a uniquely severe sentence for a manslaughter case at this time. Anderson was thought to be the first white man to be convicted of manslaughter and sentenced to life imprisonment for the murder of an Aboriginal person under Western Australia's legal system of self-government. He was ultimately released from prison after serving only six years of his sentence.

Caroline Lillian Archer (22 February 1922 – 8 December 1978) was an Aboriginal Australian activist. Born in the Aboriginal reserve in Cherbourg, Queensland to an Aboriginal mother, she became a domestic servant to a supportive family after finishing school. In Brisbane, she was the city's first Aboriginal person to operate a trunkline switchboard as a public servant. She opened and ran a gift shop in Surfers Paradise called Jedda, named after the protagonist of the film of the same name, where she sold Indigenous artefacts, crafts, and art obtained direct from Indigenous sources.

"Dreaming" is now also used as a term for a system of totemic symbols, so that an Aboriginal person may "own" a specific Dreaming, such as Kangaroo Dreaming, Shark Dreaming, Honey Ant Dreaming, Badger Dreaming, or any combination of Dreamings pertinent to their country. This is because in the Dreaming an individual's entire ancestry exists as one, culminating in the idea that all worldly knowledge is accumulated through one's ancestors. Many Aboriginal Australians also refer to the world-creation time as "Dreamtime". The Dreaming laid down the patterns of life for the Aboriginal people.

Patricia June O'Shane (born 19 June 1941) is a retired Australian teacher, barrister, public servant, jurist, and Aboriginal activist. She was Australia's first Aboriginal magistrate, serving the Local Court in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia between 1986 until her retirement in 2013. O'Shane was the first female Aboriginal teacher in Queensland; the first Aboriginal to earn a law degree; the first Aboriginal barrister; and the first woman and Aboriginal person to be the head of a government department in Australia, the New South Wales Ministry of Aboriginal Affairs.

Abel Jansen Tasman, credited as the first European to discover Tasmania (in 1642) and who named it Van Diemen's Land, did not encounter any of the Aboriginal Tasmanians when he landed. In 1772, a French exploratory expedition under Marion Dufresne visited Tasmania. At first, contact with the Aboriginal people was friendly; however the Aboriginal Tasmanians became alarmed when another boat was dispatched towards the shore. It was reported that spears and stones were thrown and the French responded with musket fire, killing at least one Aboriginal person and wounding several others.

By the November sittings of the court, Brown's case had been removed from the listings, and this was the end of the matter as far as the formal investigation was concerned. Effectively, settler solidarity and the law of evidence ensured that Brown was never tried for the murders, despite the fact that those involved in the investigation had no doubt of his guilt. Possibly in response to Brown's case, the Aboriginal Witnesses Act of 1848 was amended in July 1849 to allow a person to be convicted on the sole testimony of an Aboriginal person.

Despite over 170 years of debate over who or what was responsible for this near-extinction, no consensus exists on its origins, process, or whether or not it was genocide. However, using the "...UN definition, sufficient evidence exists to designate the Tasmanian catastrophe genocide". A woman named Trugernanner (often rendered as Truganini) who died in 1876, was, and still is, widely believed to be the very last of the full-blooded Tasmanian Aboriginal people. However, in 1889 Parliament recognised Fanny Cochrane Smith (d:1905) as the last surviving full-blooded Tasmanian Aboriginal person.

An 18-foot high hollow tree stump was also moved to Centenary Park and a fig tree was planted on top so the roots could be trained around it to form a living hollow tree. It is believed to be the only memorial in Australia to an Aboriginal person after whom a town was named. However, it is also claimed that the name derives from the indigenous name for the area Tookoogandanna, meaning "the home of crows". Some researchers acknowledge there are many possible origins of the name.

In 1935 Worms came across the large body of an Aboriginal person wrapped for burial in bark and, as was a widespread custom, placed in the fork of a tree. He gathered the remains and dispatched them to Limburg. Worms was quite aware that he was violating the law against the unauthorised export of ethnological materials in doing so, and therefore requested anonymity. The remains, together with other skeletal material, was repatriated and restored to the Bardi Jawi, who laid them to rest in an offshore cave, in November 2015.

Accounts vary as to who first came across Brooks' body. Until the publication of Cribbin's book in 1984, it was believed that Bruce Chapman, the prospector, was first on the scene. The following day an Aboriginal person named Alex Wilson camped at the now deserted soak and finding the body rode back to the station, where he described hysterically how Brooks had been "chopped up" by 40 Aboriginal people and the parts stuffed in a rabbit burrow. Randall Stafford had been in Alice Springs requesting police to attend to prevent the spearing of his cattle.

He later testified under oath that each one of the dead was a murderer of Brooks. The Warlpiri themselves estimated between 60 and 70 people had been killed by the patrol. On 24 August, Murray captured an Aboriginal person named Arkirkra and returned to Coniston, where he collected Padygar (Woolingar had died that night still chained to the tree) and then marched the two to Alice Springs. Arriving on 1 September, Arkirkra and Padygar were charged with the murder of Brooks while Murray was hailed as a hero.

The first non-Aboriginal person to encounter the Castlereagh River was George Evans travelling in 1818 with the exploration party of Surveyor-General John Oxley. George Evans was Oxley's assistant for the tour of exploration. The group had departed from Bathurst in May 1818, sent by Governor Macquarie to explore the Macquarie River. This expedition would follow the Macquarie River to a point where it was unable to keep tracking it any further, and so would turn east away from the Macquarie, finally ending up on the coast at Port Macquarie.

He argued they were more like "black bushrangers" who attacked settlers' huts for plunder and were led by "educated black terrorists" disaffected from white society. He concluded that two colonists had been killed for every Aboriginal person and there was only one massacre of Aboriginal people. He also claimed that the Aboriginal Tasmanians, by prostituting their women to sealers and stock-keepers, by catching European diseases, and through intertribal warfare, were responsible for their own demise. His argument in turn has been challenged by a number of authors, including S.G. Foster in Quadrant, Lyndall Ryan and Nicholas Clements.

Pastor Sir Douglas Nicholls is sworn in as Governor of South Australia, in front of Premier Don Dunstan and other dignitaries 1977 Nicholls was appointed Governor of South Australia on 1 December 1976, on the nomination of Premier Don Dunstan. He was the first non-white person to serve as the governor of an Australian state, and is the only Aboriginal person to have held viceregal office. Because of his race, his nomination proved controversial and attracted more attention than most viceregal appointments. A poll by ABC's This Day Tonight found that 70 percent of respondents opposed Nicholls becoming governor.

Four months later, he was sighted by officers in Manly Cove, and Phillip was notified. One account has it that, on the day Phillip had organized a whale feast in order to reestablish relations with the Eora, the Governor hurried over and approached Bennelong, who was with a group of roughly 20 warriors. Phillip took a gesture by Bennelong towards another Aboriginal person, Willemering, as an invitation for an introduction, and extended his hand to the latter, who responded by spearing Phillip in the shoulder. A scuffle broke out, but the officers managed to lead the Governor away to safety.

As noted throughout the Criminal Code, a person accused of a crime is called the accused and not the defendant, a term used instead in civil lawsuits. In Canada, visible minority refers to a non-aboriginal person or group visibly not one of the majority race in a given population. The term comes from the Canadian Employment Equity Act, which defines such people as "persons, other than Aboriginal people, who are non-Caucasian in race or non- white in colour."Visible Minority Population and Population Group Reference Guide, 2006 Census from StatsCan The term is used as a demographic category by Statistics Canada.

When control of the school system passed from the Department of Indian Affairs to the Band Council in 1980, she was ready to effect changes including the introduction of Innu language courses. In the process, she helped standardize the Innu language and develop the first Innu–French dictionary. Picard-Kanapé was Director of Education at Pessamit then at Uashat-Maliotenam while sitting on the Conseil supérieur de l'Éducation du Québec (1989–1992), the first aboriginal person to do so. She was then elected Chief of the Betsiamites Band Council, the first woman to hold such a position.

In 1963, the American physician/geneticist Baruch Blumberg discovered what he called the "Australia Antigen" (now called HBsAg) in the serum of an Australian Aboriginal person. In 1968, this protein was found to be part of the virus that causes "serum hepatitis" (hepatitis B) by virologist Alfred Prince. The American microbiologist/vaccinologist Maurice Hilleman at Merck used three treatments (pepsin, urea and formaldehyde) of blood serum together with rigorous filtration to yield a product that could be used as a safe vaccine. Hilleman hypothesized that he could make an HBV vaccine by injecting patients with hepatitis B surface protein.

In 1991, the Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody report was released. One of its 339 recommendations was an end to issuing arrest warrants for unpaid fines, and another was the implementation of Custody Notification Schemes (CNS) in all Australian states and territories. At the time of Dhu's death, New South Wales (NSW) and the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) were the only state and territory to have implemented a CNS. The CNS consists of a 24-hour legal advice and support telephone hotline for any Aboriginal person taken into custody, connecting them with lawyers from the Aboriginal Legal Service.

Accessed 1 November 2008 Her father, Jarlo Wandoon, tried to enlist for World War 1, but was rejected due to being an Aboriginal person. When he attempted to enlist under his whitefella name, James Wandin, he was accepted into the army and served overseas and is listed under that name on the honour roll in the Healesville RSL. Joy Murphy Wandin told the story of her father's enlistment, and subsequent dispossession and separation from family with the closure of Coranderrk, in 1923 in her Welcome to country speech when John Howard, as Australian Prime Minister, visited Healesville.

The second incident occurred in August when at least one Aboriginal person was shot by the overseer of the same station for stealing a shirt. In May 1849, five Aboriginal peopletwo adults, two boys and an infantdied after eating poisoned flour stolen by an Aboriginal man from William Ranson Mortlock's station near Yeelanna. The man from whom the flour was stolen was arrested and charged with murder, but sailed for the United States soon after being released by the authorities. According to the Commissioner of Police, this poisoning may have led to two Aboriginal revenge killings of settlers later that month.

Colonial settlers describe various ceremonies enacted by Aboriginal people. Tasmanians would gather for ceremony that contemporaries called "corobery", although that is a mainland Aboriginal word adopted by British settlers. Dance and singing was a feature of these ceremonies and dance would encompass reenactment of traditional tales and also recent events. Robinson describes reenactment of a horseman hunting an Aboriginal person via the display of the "horse-dance" as well as the sensual "devil-dance" performed by women from the Furneaux islands Battle and funeral was also the time for painting the body with ochre or black paint.

Duguid was appointed a founding member of the South Australian Government's Aborigines Protection Board in 1940, after the Aborigines Act Amendment Act 1939 created this entity, which was "charged with the duty of controlling and promoting the welfare" of Aboriginal people (which included anyone descended from an Aboriginal person). "It replaced the office of the Chief Protector of Aborigines and the Advisory Council of Aborigines, and took over the role of legal guardianship of all Aboriginal children". Other board members included J. B. Cleland and Constance Cooke. As part of his duties, Duguid inspected Aboriginal reserves throughout the State, noting abuses against Aboriginal people on pastoral properties and discrimination in education.

The announcement coincided with the installation of a statue depicting Shanawdithit by Gerald Squires, titled The Spirit of the Beothuk, at the Beothuk Interpretation Centre near Boyd's Cove. In 2007 a plaque commemorating her life was unveiled at St. John's Bannerman Park acknowledging her contributions to the historical accounts of encounters between the Beothuk and British settlers, and the apprehension of her aunt, Demasduit, by John Peyton Jr. Shanawdithit is widely known among Newfoundlanders. In 1851, a local paper, the Newfoundlander, called her "a princess of Terra Nova". In 1999, The Telegram readers voted her the most notable aboriginal person of the past 1,000 years.

The land that is now called Baulkham Hills was originally home to the Bidjigal people, who are believed to be a clan of the Darug people, who occupied all the land to the immediate west of Sydney. The best-known Aboriginal person from that time is Pemulwuy, a Bidjigal leader who led the Indigenous resistance movement against the British forces, including sacking farms in Castle Hill, before his eventual capture and execution by the British militia. The Bidjigal people are today commemorated by Bidjigal Reserve which straddles the suburbs of , Baulkham Hills, , and . The first European settler in the Baulkham Hills Shire was William Joyce.

Dick was later presented with a medal (breast plate) and five sovereigns at a ceremony in Melbourne. An extract from The Bendigo Advertiser (26 September 1861) records "On Monday afternoon (23 September 1861) at the Hall of the Royal Society, His Excellency Henry Barkly, in the presence of several gentlemen, presented Dick... with a brass plate and chain and five sovereigns... Dick. I understand this has been given to you by the Queen's Government for rescuing Trooper Lyons and Saddler McPherson". It was fitting that this award, the only bravery award made as a result of the expedition, should have been made to an Aboriginal person.

He and his brother Mick were made wards of the state, but their aunt and uncle decided they should accept a scholarship to study at Monivae College in Hamilton, Victoria, where Dodson became head prefect and captain of football. After completing his schooling, Patrick enrolled to study for the priesthood at Corpus Christi College, Melbourne, and was ordained in the order of the Missionaries of the Sacred Heart in May 1975. He was the first Aboriginal person to become a Catholic priest in Australia. He left the priesthood in the early 1980s due to conflict over the balance and blend of Catholicism and Aboriginal spiritual belief.

R v Bonjon was a criminal court case, decided in the Supreme Court of New South Wales for the District of Port Phillip on 16 September 1841, in which Bonjon, an Aboriginal man, had been charged with murder for killing Yammowing, another Aboriginal man. The main issue in the case was whether the colonial courts had jurisdiction over offences committed by Aboriginal people inter se, that is, by one Aboriginal person against another.R v Bonjon [1841 NSWSupC 92], Supreme Court of NSW (District of Port Phillip). Judge Willis extensively considered the legal situation as to the British acquisition of sovereignty over Australia, and its consequences for the Aboriginal people.

On 3 September, Murray set off for Pine Hill station to investigate complaints of cattle spearing. Nothing has been recorded about this patrol, but he returned on 13 September with two prisoners. On 16 September, Henry Tilmouth of Napperby station shot and killed an Aboriginal person he was chasing away from the homestead; this incident was included in the later enquiry. On the 19th, Murray again departed, this time under orders to investigate a non-fatal attack on the person of a settler, William Nuggett Morton, at Broadmeadows Station, by what Morton described as a group of 15 Myall Warlpiri people who were also in the same area.

Wyatt stood for the Liberal Party in the seat of Hasluck in the 2010 election, defeating Labor incumbent Sharryn Jackson. He won the seat with a 1.4-point swing, and became the first Aboriginal person to be elected to the Australian House of Representatives (if one excludes David Kennedy who was Member for Bendigo from 1969 to 1972), and the third elected to the Parliament (behind Neville Bonner and Aden Ridgeway, both Senators). Mal Brough is of Aboriginal descent but does not identify himself as such. On 28 September 2010, Wyatt attended the opening of the 43rd Australian Parliament to take up his seat as member for Hasluck.

She was the first Aboriginal person to embark on a career in southern Canada in television broadcasting at CKCK-TV in Regina in 1983. Years later, she studied law at the University of New Brunswick, eventually becoming the first Aboriginal woman to become a Lay Bencher with the Law Society of Manitoba. She is also a professional actor, having been seen in series television shows like North of 60, Lonesome Dove and Viper. At present, Carol is working towards finishing her artwork for a solo exhibit which open May 1, 2011 and runs to June 23, 2011 at the Elsie Scherle Art Gallery at the Last Mountain Lake Cultural Centre in Regina Beach, Saskatchewan.

Reception of Wongar's work has oscillated between praise, sceptical inquiry and moral condemnation. Within Australia there is a widespread obsession with Wongar's biographical credentials to the extent that it eclipses any review of the fictional texts as part of Australian writing. There are a variety of Wongar's moral indictments ranging from being a white who usurped Aboriginal culture to the claim saying that all artists are charlatans, who con the public.Sneja Gunew: Culture, gender and the author-function: 'Wongar's' Walg in Australian Cultural Studies: A Reader, by John Frow, Meaghan Morris (ed), University of Illinois Press, 1993 Susan Hosking claimed that Wongar did not speak as an Aboriginal person but pretended to be one.

In 1992, the High Court of Australia reversed Justice Blackburn's ruling and handed down its decision in the Mabo Case, declaring the previous legal concept of terra nullius to be invalid and confirming the existence of native title in Australia. Indigenous Australians began to serve in political office from the 1970s. In 1971, Neville Bonner joined the Australian Senate as a Senator for Queensland for the Liberal Party, becoming the first Indigenous Australian in the Federal Parliament. A year later, the Aboriginal Tent Embassy was established on the steps of Parliament House in Canberra. In 1976, Sir Douglas Nicholls was appointed as the 28th Governor of South Australia, the first Aboriginal person appointed to vice-regal office.

Linda Jean Burney (born 25 April 1957) is an Australian politician, member of the House of Representatives in the Australian Federal Parliament, and the Shadow Minister for Families and Social Services and for Preventing Family Violence. She was the first Aboriginal person to serve in the New South Wales Parliament in 2003, and also the first Aboriginal woman to be elected to the Australian House of Representatives in 2016. Burney was a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly representing Canterbury for the Australian Labor Party from 2003 to 2016. She was the New South Wales Deputy Leader of the Opposition and was also Shadow Minister for Education and Shadow Minister for Aboriginal Affairs.

He was appointed to the Court of Queen's Bench of Manitoba in January 2001 and is the province's first Aboriginal person to be appointed a judge on that court While a judge of that court, then Justice Sinclair was asked to chair Canada's Truth and Reconciliation Commission, a request he initially declined due to the emotional toll of the Pediatric Inquiry over which he had presided. However, when the initial chair of the TRC resigned and the other Commissioners were replaced, Senator Sinclair was asked, and agreed, to reconsider. In 2009, he was appointed as its Chair. After the TRC completed its Final Report in 2015, Senator Sinclair announced his retirement from the Bench and his intention to withdraw from public life.

Pinette continued to earned a fourth-place finish for the team relay at the 2006 World Modern Pentathlon Championships in Guatemala City, Guatemala, and also, her first medal by winning gold at the Pan American Championships in the same year. She also added her silver medal at the 2007 Pan American Games in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, automatically receiving a qualifying berth for the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. At the Olympics, Pinette finished in twenty-seventh place, following a poor performance in the last three sporting segments. Currently, Monica Pinette is a retired pentathlete and is working towards raising awareness for aboriginal athletes in Canada as well as giving advice on how to live a healthy lifestyle, specifically as an aboriginal person.

In its second incarnation from 1927, the electoral district of Canterbury has been held by the Labor Party, excepting between 1932 and 1935 when Edward Hocking held the seat for the United Australia Party following the Lang dismissal crisis. Linda Burney was elected to represent Canterbury at the 2003 state election, becoming the first Aboriginal person to serve in the New South Wales Parliament. Burney was most recently re-elected to the seat at the 2015 state election with a margin of 15.7, making Canterbury a safe seat for the Labor Party. On 29 February 2016, Burney indicated that she would be seeking preselection for the federal seat of Barton in the upcoming federal election, and would resign from the assembly if successful.

For one, Mary Laughren retains the label "Warluwarric" on the basis that (nga)rna is a common retention among many other Western Pama-Nyungan languages and not exactly unique to this subgroup. Within the subgroup, Breen uses lexicostatical evidence, and also evidence from nominal and verbal morphology, to distinguish between the "Ngarru" group (containing Wagaya and Yindjilandji) and the "Thawa" group (containing Bularnu and Warluwara), each respectively after the common word for 'man, Aboriginal person'. These two groups together form the southern branch of Ngarna/Warluwar(r)ic, to which the discontinuous Yanyuwa is related at the uppermost level of the subgroup. Work on proto- Ngarna/Warluwar(r)ic has been done by Catherine Koch (1989), Daniel Brammall (1991), Margaret Carew (1993), and Gavan Breen (2004).

In the recent years, the influence of Polynesian players on the NRL has grown, with figures from the 2011 season showing that 35% of NRL players and over 45% of NRL Under-20s players are of Polynesian background. This increase in Polynesian players has been blamed for the decline of Indigenous players, dropping from 21% in the 1990s to 11% for the 2009 season. Ben Barba at the Dally M awardsThe first Indigenous Australian to play in the NSWRL/NRL was New South Wales Rugby League premiership player George Green, who debuted in 1909. Since that time, many high-profile indigenous athletes have played in the competition, including Arthur Beetson (the first Aboriginal person to captain an Australian national team in any sport) and former Test match representatives Johnathan Thurston and Greg Inglis.

The jury, after deliberating for just twenty minutes, found all eleven men not guilty. A letter to the editor of The Australian on 8 December 1838 alleged that one of the jurors had said privately that although he considered the men guilty of murder, he could not convict a white man of killing an Aboriginal person: "I look on the blacks as a set of monkeys and the sooner they are exterminated from the face of the earth, the better. I knew the men were guilty of murder but I would never see a white man hanged for killing a black." The letter writer did not hear this said himself, but alleged that he had spoken to a second man who told him he had heard this third man, the juror, say it.

The twentieth century saw increased political activism amongst Aboriginal people and the growth of organisations for the achievement of changes to the constitution. Poor housing and living conditions increased demand for services and facilities for urban Aboriginal people. Having a large Aboriginal population, the suburb of Redfern was a particular focus for activism around civil and land rights for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. In the 1960s and 1970s Aboriginal people living in Redfern were the subject of unofficial policing methods such as a ten o clock curfew. If an Aboriginal person was found on the street after 10pm they were arrested whether or not they had committed any crime. In 1970 a group of activists came together to provide legal representation for Aboriginal people who were otherwise unaware of their rights.

In one famous incident, a police patrol followed him to his hideout at the entrance to Tunnel Creek in the Napier Range, only for Jandamarra to mysteriously disappear, through the system of tunnels in the mountains. Tunnel Creek, Jandamarra's refuge, showing the collapsed centre section, West Kimberley region, Western Australia Jandamarra was held in awe by other Aboriginal people who believed he was immortal, his body simply a physical manifestation of a spirit that resided in a water soak near Tunnel Creek. It was believed that only an Aboriginal person with similar mystical powers could kill him. Police chasing Jandamarra were also in awe at his ability to cross the rugged ranges with no effect on his bare feet, despite their boots being cut to shreds by the sharp rocks.

On 1 July 2020, the Attorney-General of South Australia, Vickie Chapman, announced that the state government would implement a formal CNS, after Aboriginal Affairs Labor spokesperson Kyam Maher had written to Premier Steven Marshall in June saying that he would introduce a Bill to parliament to legally mandate the service. This would legally require SAPOL to notify the Aboriginal Legal Rights Movement (ALRM) when an Aboriginal person enters custody. This had been done informally for some time, but the legal requirement would "help to ensure Aboriginal people receive culturally appropriate well-being support and basic legal advice as soon as possible after being taken into custody". Mandating the measure would also mean that if an officer refuses or fails to comply, they "may be subject to disciplinary proceedings" under the Police Complaints and Discipline Act 2016.

In 1983, Yunupingu published "Outstation Schools at Yirrkala" in Aboriginal Child at School, where he described the advantages to indigenous people by "[determining] their own way of living, provided, they manage budgeting through Isolated Children's Allowance, staffing their schools, developing curriculum, and teacher training".. In March 1987 he contributed to the book, Educational needs of the Homelands Centres of the L̲aynhapuy Region, North East Arnhem Land : report of the Balanga ̲na Project : a Schools Commission Project of national significance. He was the first Aboriginal person from Arnhem Land to gain a university degree, earning a Bachelor of Arts degree in education from Deakin University in 1988. In 1989 he became assistant principal of the Yirrkala Community School. He helped establish the Yolngu Action Group and introduced the Both Ways system at his school, which recognised traditional Aboriginal teaching alongside Western methods.

The Waterloo Bay massacre, also known as the Elliston massacre, was a clash between European settlers and Aboriginal Australians that took place on the cliffs of Waterloo Bay near Elliston, South Australia, in late May 1849. Part of the Australian frontier wars, the most recent scholarship indicates that it is likely that it resulted in the deaths of tens or scores of Aboriginal people. The events leading up to the fatal clash included the killings of three European settlers by Aboriginal people, the killing of one Aboriginal person, and the death by poisoning of five others by European settlers. The limited archival records indicate that three Aboriginal people were killed or died of wounds from the clash and five were captured, although accounts of the killing of up to 260 Aboriginal people at the cliffs have circulated since at least 1880.

A similar definition was incorporated in the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC), but legislation differed in various states, such as the South Australian legislation referring to a "Aboriginal person who has, in accordance with Aboriginal tradition, social, economic and spiritual affiliations with, and responsibilities for, the lands or any part of them". A further complexity is introduced in a form of ranking of rights, for example in New South Wales, a traditional owner must be both born in the country and have a cultural association with the land. Peter Sutton distinguishes between "core" and "contingent" rights, which he says are recognised among most Aboriginal peoples. So there are sometimes challenges in finding "the right people for the right country", complicated by the fact that there are cases where both primary and secondary rights holders are described by the term.

Although Boyd was the closest of friends with Albert Tucker, Joy Hester and Sidney Nolan and the art patrons John and Sunday Reed, the modernist Heide Circle and its hierarchical structure did not beckon him overtly as his position in the Boyd family gave him the fullest identity in itself. In the late 1940s and early 1950s, Boyd traveled to Victoria's Wimmera country and to Central Australia including Alice Springs and his work turned towards landscape paintings. During this period, perhaps his best-known work comes from his Love, Marriage and Death of a Half-Caste Bride series of 31 paintings, also known as The Bride, that imagined an Aboriginal person of mixed descent as a neglected outsider. First exhibited in Melbourne in April 1958, the series met a mixed reaction, as it did later that year in Adelaide and Sydney.

Critics' responses were mixed, with some questioning whether Oodgeroo, as an Aboriginal person, could really have written it herself. Others were disturbed by the activism of the poems, and found that they were "propaganda" rather than what they considered to be real poetry.Rooney, Brigid, Literary activists: writer-intellectuals and Australian public life (St Lucia, Qld.) : University of Queensland Press, 2009, pp. 68–9 Oodgeroo embraced the idea of her poetry as propaganda, and described her own style as "sloganistic, civil- writerish, plain and simple."Kath Walker, "Aboriginal Literature" Identity 2.3 (1975) pp. 39–40 She wanted to convey pride in her Aboriginality to the broadest possible audience, and to popularise equality and Aboriginal rights through her writing.Cochrane, (1994), p. 37 In 1972 she bought a property on North Stradbroke Island (also known as Minjerribah) which she called Moongalba ("sitting-down place"), and established the Noonuccal-Nughie Education and Cultural Centre.

In 1903 the Eastern and African Cold Storage Company purchased the Hodgson Downs cattle station and other tribal lands, and embarked on a policy of systematic extermination of all Aboriginal people residing on the land which the company directors wished to turn into a pastoral empire. Hunting gangs consisting of 10-14 Aboriginal (though not local) men, armed and under the supervision of a white or "half-caste" foreman, were commissioned to clear the land by shooting any Aboriginal person on sight. When the Church of England established the Roper River Mission in 1908, the remnants of the Warndarang, together with survivors of other local clans of peoples such as the Alawa, Marra, Ngalakan, Ngandi, and the southern clans of the Rembarrnga and Nunggubuyu gathered there for sanctuary from the onslaught. Eventually several clans of the Warndarung were assimilated by the Nunggubuyu by adopting their language.

In 1895 Presbyterian missionary Reverend Nicholas John Hey established a mission at the junction of Embley River and Spring Creek which he called Weipa, which is believed to derive from the Anhathangayth word meaning "fighting ground". In 1932 the mission relocated approximately to Jessica Point, continuing under the same name, Weipa Mission. 50px Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) licence. Very restrictive legislation was enacted by the state of Queensland in 1911, making the Protector of Aborigines the legal guardian of every Aboriginal and part-Aboriginal child (until he/she was 21), and the right to confine (or expel) any such person within any Aboriginal reserve or institution, and the right to imprison any Aboriginal or part- Aboriginal person for 14 days if, in the Protector's judgement, they were guilty of neglect of duty, gross insubordination or wilful preaching of disobedience.

A tract of land was established in the north west of South Australia for the Pitjantjatjara in 1921 after they lost much land due to hostile encroachment by hunters and ranchers. Extended droughts in the 1920s and between 1956 and 1965 in their traditional lands in the Great Victoria and Gibson deserts led many Pitjantjatjara, and their traditionally more westerly relations, the Ngaanyatjarra, to move east towards the railway between Adelaide and Alice Springs in search of food and water, thus mixing with the most easterly of the three, the Yankunytjatjara. They refer to themselves as aṉangu, which originally just meant people in general, but has now come to imply an Aboriginal person or, more specifically, a member of one of the groups that speaks a variety of the Western Desert Language. In response to continuing outside pressures on the aṉangu, the South Australian government gave its support to a plan by the Presbyterian Church of Australia to set up the Ernabella Mission in the Musgrave Ranges as a safe haven.