He keeps close at hand the Dizionario di abbreviature latine ed italiane, an alphabetized list of abbreviations frequently used by medieval scribes.
|
|
The 71-608 (in colloquial language KTM-8) is a Russian motor four-axle high- floor tramcar. These rail vehicles are produced by Ust'-Katav Vagon-building plant (UKVZ, УКВЗ, Усть-Катавский Вагоностроительный Завод имени С. М. Кирова - Russian abbreviature and full name). "KTM" means Kirov Motor Tramcar (). This abbreviature was producer's official trademark before 1976, when new designation system for tram and subway rolling stock was introduced in the Soviet Union.
|
|
Museum LM-49 tramcar in Nizhny Novgorod, Russia. The LM-49 (Russian ЛМ-49) is the Soviet motor four-axle tramcar. The first prototype of this vehicle was built in 1949 (hence the 49 in the name) at the Leningrad Wagon Repair Plant (VARZ, ВАРЗ, Ленинградский Вагоноремонтный Завод - Russian abbreviature and full name). "LM" means Leningrad Motor tramcar.
|
|
The 71-630 is a proposed Russian low floor tram intended for Moscow and Riga. These rail vehicles are produced by Ust'-Katav Vagon-building plant (UKVZ, УКВЗ, Усть-Катавский Вагоностроительный Завод имени С. М. Кирова - Russian abbreviature and full name). Only one car was built in 2006. It was tested with passengers in Moscow in 2008–2010, and stay in Krasnopresnenskoye depot.
|
|
Museum LM-57 tramcar in Nizhny Novgorod, Russia. The LM-57 (Russian ЛМ-57) is the Soviet motor four-axle tramcar. First prototype of this vehicle was built in 1957 (hence the 57 in the name) at the Leningrad Wagon Repair Plant (VARZ, ВАРЗ, Ленинградский Вагоноремонтный Завод - Russian abbreviature and full name). "LM" means Leningrad Motor tramcar. The VARZ produced nearly 800 LM-57s in 1957-1968.
|
|
Some ligatures can also be seen in Egyptian papyri (hieratic script). Geminated consonants) during the Roman Republic era were written as a sicilicus.Capelli – Dizionario di abbreviature latine ed italiane During the medieval era several conventions existed (mostly diacritic marks). However, in Nordic texts a particular type of ligature appeared for ll and tt, referred to as "broken l" and "broken t"Medieval Unicode Font Initiative Medieval scribes who wrote in Latin increased their writing speed by combining characters and by introducing notational abbreviations.
|
|
Johann Reinhold Forster tried to relate this to the name "Sinclair", but "Prince Sinclair" is not normal usage, while "Prince of Orkney" seems a better fit. Frederick Pohl claimed that the "Z" could have come from a misreading of the cursive "d'O" in "d'Orkney".Adriano Cappelli, Lexicon Abbreviaturarum. Dizionario di abbreviature latine ed italiane, usate nelle arte e codici specialmente del medio-evo, riprodotto con oltre 14,000 segni incisi... Milano, 1949 In addition, the "k" and "y" do not appear in Italian, so would need to be represented by other letters – "ch" in Italian is a hard "k" sound, so might well have been used to represent the "k".
|
|
It was built at the UZTM (Russian abbreviature УЗТМ for Уральский Завод Тяжелого Машиностроения – Ural Heavy Machinery Factory, also called Uralmash) in Yekaterinburg. The SU-100 quickly proved itself to be able to penetrate around of vertical armor from a range of and the sloped front armor of the German Panther from . The hull of the SU-100 had major improvements over the SU-85; the thickness of the front armour was increased from , and the commander's workplace was made in a small sponson on the right side of the hull; combined with the commander's cupola this improved the commander's effectiveness. Its German Jagdpanzer-family counterparts — the Jagdpanzer IV, Jagdpanther and Jagdtiger, by comparison, lacked this key piece of observational equipment.
|
|