That is such an American disconnect, subaltern reckoning, runaway slave.
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Subaltern groups have to self-regulate twice as much to have half a chance.
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It succeeds brilliantly in delivering its message, even in ways Subaltern likely never intended.
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I'm drawn to the figure of the ungrateful subaltern as a trope in literature.
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That veteran was a woman who had served in the Women's Auxiliary Territorial Service as honorary Second Subaltern Elizabeth Windsor.
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During World War II, Elizabeth joined the Auxiliary Territorial Service at the age of 250 in 19923, with the rank of subaltern.
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Both women work constantly while their husbands teach, have affairs, and get petty over academic politics, furthering a subaltern idea of women's labor.
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In both novels, Kushner cuts the glamor of Rome, New York City, and Havana with scenes of subaltern life at the edge of manufacturing.
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For Ortiz, the development of a colonial scheme of cultural exchanges and assimilation for subaltern cultures was only explained by Western anthropology through a process of acculturation.
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For the dominant group, being judged and asked to justify itself, as so many subaltern groups are judged and asked to justify themselves, feels like an insult.
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Firstly, the AAP's subaltern image and tag line of inner-party democracy and collective leadership were its USP and it struck an emotional chord with the common man.
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Latest Project Her next media venture, Joojoo Journal, which she describes as a "multilingual, multimedia publication where diasporic, marginalized and 'subaltern' voices are uplifted," goes live in April.
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And finally, science-t might help us determine what effects diversity and representation have on institutions, but it cannot tell us whether subaltern populations should be better represented.
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The "Indigenous Woman" here is no longer victim, subaltern, immigrant or refugee (although she might also be one of these), but powerful, hybrid, glamorous — even a bit scary.
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In Franz Fanon's Black Skin, White Masks, he writes of the "Manichaean delirium" that buzzes through a colonial society, where existence is split into subaltern suffering and the colonizer's ease.
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Each system tells the subaltern where she may or may not go, and by extension whether she may or may not have the freedom to dictate whether she lives or dies.
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From a platform for anti-colonialist sentiment to a gateway for the incursion of Western culture, digital technology muddies the boundary between colonialist and subaltern, reactionary and dissident, indigenous and non-indigenous.
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"I try to make unsettling games about real-world issues that challenge the players' perceptions, because I think that games with intent are better games overall," Seth Alter, the creator behind Subaltern Games, told Hyperallergic.
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The islands, which fell under Danish rule in the fourteenth century, became self-governing in 1948, but the relationship between the two countries remains that of a resentful subaltern state and a condescending colonial power.
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Zhang: Right, well the confessional essay has historically been associated with women, and I think more and more now with women of color, trans women of color, people who have long been considered subaltern, alien, other.
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Clinton's problem is that she couldn't rely on her identity to tell the story of intersectionality, so she had to tell it out loud, paying rhetorical fealty to all the subaltern groups the Democratic Party represents.
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If the postcolonial theoretical framework of Us is the right one, then it makes sense that African Americans would be the citizens who know enough of subaltern existence to be able to survive their shadows' attacks.
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What stunned me was how she used her materials to convey the idea of a fugitive, subaltern, lived experience that's expressed in syntactic slips and eruptions of deeply felt personal exertion against the burly undertow of religious ideology.
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Advertise on Hyperallergic with Nectar Ads No Pineapple Left Behind, from Subaltern Games, turns the controversial 2001 No Child Left Behind Act, which connected federal funding in American public schools to standardized test scores, into a bleak management game.
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They're in a powerful place, and I think because they're so sophisticated in the work that they do, they have a powerful voice, which is unusual for people who are interested in the subaltern and in the issues that hurt the most marginalized.
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The writer Neal Ascherson was once a favorite and brilliant pupil of Hobsbawm's at King's, but before Cambridge, Ascherson had been drafted into the Royal Marines for National Service, and fought as a subaltern in the British campaign against Chinese communist insurgents in Malaya.
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He was a "dashing young subaltern" of not quite 18 when he fell in love with his future wife, Maud, an impossibly young-looking 33-year-old, whose "banjo solos were a star attraction of the Ladies Mandoline and Guitar Band" in the 1890s.
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The NCLB Act may have been repealed last December in a near-mythical show of bipartisan support—Subaltern must cringe at the timing for No Pineapples' full release—but enough vestiges of it remain in the new Every Student Succeeds Act to keep Alter's game relevant.
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This is a fitting approach for a film that celebrates a communal physical and symbolic space in which one can create a perfectly fluid, slippery identity to be desired and worshipped for — a state of grace, as we come to understand, that still rarely exists outside subaltern club culture.
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In this way, The Founder is similar to work by Subaltern Games, whose No Pineapple Left Behind uses the management sim to critique the standardized test emphasis of American public schools and whose Neocolonialism: Ruin Everything warps a world domination strategy game to end with the destruction of the planet.
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"I was thinking," Spahr admits while tracking her own counterconversion to "poetry's [subaltern] socialities and prosovereignty literatures" in counter-nationalist Hawai'i in the 22019s and the alter- or other-than-Englishes then emerging, "in the way the State Department and the liberal foundations that worked with the State Department wanted me to think" (20).
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What made me want to come all the way here from Cambridge, MA, where we are not exactly suffering from a shortage of tech ethics initiatives, and what made me decide to miss a lot of the Disrupt conference even though I work for TechCrunch, is that it's rare that you have an organization that is able to combine to things: genuinely fighting for the marginalized, or helping the subaltern speak; and actually achieving a very significant public voice.
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And while I am less sympathetic than Moskowitz to campus deplatforming at elite universities and liberal arts institutions, because—as a product of one myself—I cannot help but find the pretensions of student activists in these privileged enclaves to a shared subaltern status with America's poor and oppressed to be weirdly self-congratulatory, I am also increasingly convinced that both student activists and the newspaper columnists who despise them are right to identify campuses as vanguards of contested space, precisely because they function, in Moskowitz's formulation, as microcosms of the broader society and testing grounds for social change.
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The Al Jazeera effect has also been referred to as a subaltern, in reference to subaltern (post colonialism). Subaltern, depending on the context and where the subaltern is present, resembles something of opposition to the status quo through the demographic that does not have the capital to have their voices be heard; this form of alternative media gives a "voice to the voiceless". This notion of the subaltern is discussed by scholars, such as Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak.
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The Continental Army carried over the rank structure from the British Army including the subaltern ranks of lieutenant, cornet, ensign and subaltern. Continental Army subalterns ranks were supposed to wear green colored cockades in their hats. State militias in the American Revolutionary War period had ensign and sometimes subaltern ranks, with the subaltern rank below the ensign rank where they coexisted. In 1800, the United States Army's cornet, ensign and subaltern ranks were replaced by second lieutenant.
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About the binary relationship of investigation, between the academic and the subaltern native, hooks said that: As a means of constructing a great history of society, the story of the subaltern native is a revealing examination of the experience of colonialism from the perspective of the subaltern man and the subaltern woman, the most powerless people living within the socio-economic confines of imperialism; therefore, the academic investigator of post- colonialism must not assume cultural superiority when studying the voices of the subaltern natives.
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One of the group's early contributors, Sumit Sarkar, later began to critique it. He entitled one of his essays "Decline of the Subaltern in Subaltern Studies", criticizing the turn to Foucauldian studies of power-knowledge that left behind many of the empiricist and Marxist efforts of the first two volumes of Subaltern Studies. He writes that the socialist inspiration behind the early volumes led to a greater impact in India itself, while the later volumes' focus on western discourse reified the subaltern-colonizer divide and then rose in prominence mainly in western academia.Sumit Sarkar, “The Decline of the. Subaltern in Subaltern Studies” in his Writing Sggial History. Delhi,.
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He was a founding member of the Subaltern Studies Collective.
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A clerk's service as subaltern spoils him for menial work.
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The everyday life of the subaltern people found expression in his poems.
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The centre specializes in post-colonial, subaltern studies and cultural studies research.
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James Scott's work focuses on the ways that subaltern people resist domination.
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In Toward a New Legal Common Sense (2002), the sociologist Boaventura de Sousa Santos applied the term subaltern cosmopolitanism to describe the counter-hegemonic practice of social struggle against Neoliberalism and globalization, especially the struggle against social exclusion. Moreover, de Sousa Santos applied subaltern cosmopolitanism as interchangeable with the term cosmopolitan legality to describe the framework of diverse norms meant to realise an equality of differences, wherein the term subaltern identifies the oppressed peoples, at the margins of society, who are struggling against the hegemony of economic globalization. Context, time, and place determine who, among the marginalised peoples, is a subaltern; in India, women, Shudras and Dalits (also known as Untouchables), and rural migrant labourers are part of the subaltern social stratum.
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In the British Army, the senior subaltern rank was captain-lieutenant, obsolete since the 18th century. Before the Cardwell Reforms of the British Army in 1871, the ranks of cornet and ensign were the junior subaltern ranks in the cavalry and infantry respectively, and were responsible for the flag. A subaltern takes temporary command of proceedings during Trooping the Colour. Within the ranks of subaltern, in a battalion or regiment, a Senior Subaltern may be appointed, usually by rank and seniority, who is responsible for discipline within the junior officer ranks and is responsible to the adjutant for this duty, although the adjutant is ultimately responsible to the commanding officer for the discipline of all the junior officers within the unit.
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The Subaltern then orders the Escort to change arms and orders the slow march.
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His work has been closely studied by members of Subaltern Studies, especially Ranajit Guha.
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In postcolonial theory, the term subaltern describes the lower social classes and the Other social groups displaced to the margins of a society; in an imperial colony, a subaltern is a native man or woman without human agency, as defined by his and her social status.Young, Robert J. C. Postcolonialism: A Very Short Introduction. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003. Nonetheless, the feminist scholar Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak cautioned against an over-broad application of the term the subaltern, because the word: In Marxist theory, the civil sense of the term subaltern was first used by Antonio Gramsci (1891–1937).
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Antonio Gramsci coined the term subaltern to explain the socio-economic status of “the native” in an imperial colony. In postcolonial studies and in critical theory, the term subaltern designates and identifies the colonial populations who are socially, politically, and geographically excluded from the hierarchy of power of an imperial colony and from the metropolitan homeland of an empire. Antonio Gramsci coined the term subaltern to identify the cultural hegemony that excludes and displaces specific people and social groups from the socio-economic institutions of society, in order to deny their agency and voices in colonial politics. The terms subaltern and subaltern studies entered the vocabulary of post-colonial studies through the works of the Subaltern Studies Group of historians who explored the political-actor role of the men and women who constitute the mass population, rather than re-explore the political-actor roles of the social and economic elites in the history of India.
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Her areas of academic interest are extended to gender, development, ethnic, cultural, dalit and subaltern studies.
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In the UK, brigadier and sub-brigadier were formerly subaltern ranks in the Royal Horse Guards.
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Henry Augustus Ramsay Faizanne, "for the sake of brevity" called 'The Worm', is a subaltern newly arrived in India.to join the Second Shikarris (a fictional regiment in India). His brother junior officers "soften" him (i.e. bully him, to make him conform) until all become bored, except the Senior Subaltern.
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The mandatōr (), deriving from the Latin word for "messenger", was a subaltern official in the middle Byzantine Empire.
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At the start of World War II (1939–45) he was a subaltern civil servant in the Ministry of Finance.
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G. Patrick, Religion and Subaltern Agency, Chapter 6, p. 139. The majority of its participants were from marginalised and poor sections of society.G. Patrick, Religion and Subaltern Agency, Chapter 5, pp. 90–91 They began to function as a distinct and autonomous society, and gradually, they identified their path with the phrase 'Ayya vazhi'.
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Writers of post-colonial fiction interact with the traditional colonial discourse, but modify or subvert it; for instance by retelling a familiar story from the perspective of an oppressed minor character in the story. Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak's Can the Subaltern Speak? (1998) gave its name to Subaltern Studies. In A Critique of Postcolonial Reason (1999), Spivak argued that major works of European metaphysics (such as those of Kant and Hegel) not only tend to exclude the subaltern from their discussions, but actively prevent non-Europeans from occupying positions as fully human subjects.
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"Subaltern Studies as Postcolonial Criticism", The American Historical Review, December, 1994, Vol. 99, No. 5, pp. 1475–1490, and p. 1476.
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Akilam provides all these collectively in brief with an overall story line, which make it unique.G. Patrick, Religion and Subaltern agency, 'The Social Discourse of Ayya Vali', pp.151. Many philosophical concepts from Hinduism are found in Akilam; some of them are completely accepted,G. Patrick, Religion and Subaltern agency, 'The Social Discourse of Ayya Vali', p.155.
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It is also said to be haunted by the ghost of a subaltern who was beaten to death for cheating at cards.
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Hence, the integration of the subaltern voice to the intellectual spaces of social studies is problematic, because of the unrealistic opposition to the idea of studying "Others"; Spivak rejected such an anti-intellectual stance by social scientists, and about them said that "to refuse to represent a cultural Other is salving your conscience…allowing you not to do any homework." Moreover, postcolonial studies also reject the colonial cultural depiction of subaltern peoples as hollow mimics of the European colonists and their Western ways; and rejects the depiction of subaltern peoples as the passive recipient-vessels of the imperial and colonial power of the Mother Country. Consequent to Foucault's philosophic model of the binary relationship of power and knowledge, scholars from the Subaltern Studies Collective, proposed that anti-colonial resistance always counters every exercise of colonial power.
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Dirk Moses (2008). "Empire, Colony, Genocide: Conquest, Occupation, and Subaltern Resistance in World History". Berghahn Books. p.188. The Dzungar population reached 600,000 in 1755.
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History of modern Latin America: 1800 to the present. John Wiley & Sons.Nicholas A. Robins, Adam Jones (2009). "Genocides by the Oppressed: Subaltern Genocide in Theory and Practice".
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Bhagavan, Manu Belur; Zelliot, Eleanor; Feldhaus, Anne (2008). Speaking Truth to Power': Religion, Caste, and the Subaltern Question in India, Volume 1. Oxford University Press. p. 50.
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Oxford University Press, 1997. Even Gayatri Spivak, one of the most prominent names associated with the movement, has called herself a critic of "metropolitan post-colonialism".Gayatri_Chakravorty_Spivak, A_Critique_of_Postcolonialism, Harvard University Press Indian sociologist Vivek Chibber has criticized the premise of Subaltern Studies for its obfuscation of class struggle and class formation in its analysis, and accused it of excising class exploitation from the story of the oppression of the subaltern.
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Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, for example, uses deconstruction to create an ethics of opening up Western scholarship to the voice of the subaltern and to philosophies outside of the canon of western texts.Spivak, Chakravorty Gayatri; 1988; Can The Subaltern Speak?; in Nelson, Cary and Grossberg, Lawrence (eds); 1988; Marxism and the Interpretation of Culture; Macmillan Education, Basingstoke. Derrida himself built a philosophy based upon a 'responsibility to the other'.
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These ranks have generally been replaced in army ranks by second lieutenant. Ensigns were generally the lowest ranking commissioned officer, except where the rank of subaltern itself existed.
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G.Patrick's Religion and Subaltern Agency Chapter 5, Page - 118. Vaikuntacami is said to have established seven of these nilaltankalkal at Chettykudiyirrupu, Agastisvaram, Palur, Chundavilai, Vadalivilai, Kadampankulam and Pampankulam.
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Making Development Geography. UK: Hodder Education, 2007. In Making Development Geography (2007), Victoria Lawson presents a critique of mainstream development discourse as mere recreation of the Subaltern, which is effected by means of the subaltern being disengaged from other social scales, such as the locale and the community; not considering regional, social class, ethnic group, sexual- and gender-class differences among the peoples and countries being modernized; the continuation of the socio-cultural treatment of the subaltern as a subject of development, as a subordinate who is ignorant of what to do and how to do it; and by excluding the voices of the subject peoples from the formulations of policy and practice used to effect the modernization. As such, the subaltern are peoples who have been silenced in the administration of the colonial states they constitute, they can be heard by means of their political actions, effected in protest against the discourse of mainstream development, and, thereby, create their own, proper forms of modernization and development.
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In Geographies of Post colonialism (2008), Joanne Sharp developed Spivak's line of reasoning that Western intellectuals displace to the margin of intellectual discourse the non–Western forms of "knowing" by re-formulating, and thus intellectually diminishing, such forms of acquiring knowledge as myth and folklore. To be heard and to be known, the subaltern native must adopt Western ways of knowing (language, thought, reasoning); because of such Westernization, a subaltern people can never express their native ways of knowing, and, instead, must conform their native expression of knowledge to the Western, colonial ways of knowing the world.Sharp, Joanne Geographies of Postcolonialism, Chapter 6: Can the Subaltern Speak? SAGE Publications, 2008, p. 000.
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Between 1955 and 1957, he served as Subaltern in the Headquarters of the King's Royal Rifle Corps in Winchester and in the regiment's 1st Battalion in Derna in Libya.
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Jean Moorcroft Wilson, Siegfried Sassoon 1918–1967 (2003), p. 30. His memoir of the war A Subaltern on the Somme was published in 1928, under the pseudonym "Mark VII".
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A subaltern () is a primarily British military term for a junior officer. Literally meaning "subordinate", subaltern is used to describe commissioned officers below the rank of captain and generally comprises the various grades of lieutenant. Ensign and Fähnrich stand for standard or standard-bearer and were, therefore, the ranks given to the junior officer who carried, or was responsible for, the flag in battle. The cornet carried the troop standard, known as a "cornet".
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In discussions of the meaning of the term subaltern in the work of Gramsci, Spivak said that he used the word as a synonym for the proletariat (a code word to deceive the prison censor to allow his manuscripts out the prison),Morton, Stephen. "The Subaltern: Genealogy of a Concept", in Gayatri Spivak: Ethics, Subalternity and the Critique of Postcolonial Reason. Malden, MA: Polity, 2007: pp. 96-97; and Hoare, Quintin, and Geoffrey Nowell-Smith.
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According to Guatemalan novelist and critic Arturo Arias, this controversy highlights a tension in oral history. On one hand, it presents an opportunity to convert the subaltern subject into a “speaking subject”. On the other hand, it challenges the historical profession in certifying the “factuality of her mediated discourse” as “subaltern subjects are forced to [translate across epistemological and linguistic frameworks and] use the discourse of the colonizer to express their subjectivity”.
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Half a Village, a Hindi novel by Rahi Masoom Reza, represents the experiences of subaltern Indian Muslims in village Gangauli, and their distinctive take on the vacuity of 'high politics'.
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Creskill, NJ: Hampton Press. So it could be said that by subaltern groups creating alternative media, they are indeed expressing their citizenship, producing their power, and letting their voice be heard.
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The philosopher and theorist Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak wrote the essay "Can the Subaltern Speak?" which also is a foundational post-colonialism document In the fields of literary criticism and of cultural studies, the notable Indian scholars of postcolonialism were Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak (In Other Worlds: Essays in Cultural Politics, 1987), whose essay "Can the Subaltern Speak?" (1988) also became a foundational text of postcolonial culture studies;Chakravorty Spivak, Gayatri. 1987. In Other Worlds: Essays in Cultural Politics. London: Methuen.
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Others 4a. Subaltern-officer, here: Titular councillor, veterinary physician. 4b. Staff-officer, here: flagship mechanical engineer, Fleet Engineer Mechanical Corps. 4c. General, here: Privy councillor, Professor of the Imperial Military medical Academy.
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Conceptually, epistemic violence specifically relates to women, whereby the "Subaltern [woman] must always be caught in translation, never [allowed to be] truly expressing herself," because the colonial power's destruction of her culture pushed to the social margins her non–Western ways of perceiving, understanding, and knowing the world. In June of the year 1600, the Afro–Iberian woman Francisca de Figueroa requested from the King of Spain his permission for her to emigrate from Europe to New Spain, and reunite with her daughter, Juana de Figueroa. As a subaltern woman, Francisca repressed her native African language, and spoke her request in Peninsular Spanish, the official language of Colonial Latin America. As a subaltern woman, she applied to her voice the Spanish cultural filters of sexism, Christian monotheism, and servile language, in addressing her colonial master: Moreover, Spivak further cautioned against ignoring subaltern peoples as "cultural Others", and said that the West could progress—beyond the colonial perspective—by means of introspective self-criticism of the basic ideals and investigative methods that establish a culturally superior West studying the culturally inferior non–Western peoples.
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He returned to Halifax in the late fall. McLean viewed by his contemporaries as a brave and resolute soldier. John Moore, later a famous general, served as a subaltern under him at Majebigwaduce.
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Ayoob, Mohammed: "Inequality and Theorizing in International Relations: The Case for Subaltern Realism", International Studies Review, Vol. 4, No. 3. (Autumn, 2002), pp. 27-48 David Dreyer has also written on the subject.
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Archived from the original on 2011-07-06. Engaging the voice of the Subaltern: the philosopher and theoretician Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, at Goldsmith College. Spivak also introduced the terms essentialism and strategic essentialism to describe the social functions of postcolonialism. Essentialism denotes the perceptual dangers inherent to reviving subaltern voices in ways that might (over) simplify the cultural identity of heterogeneous social groups and, thereby, create stereotyped representations of the different identities of the people who compose a given social group.
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Although the majority of these followers were from the Nadar caste, a large number of people from other castes also follow it.G. Patrick's Religion and Subaltern Agency, Chapter 5, p. 91 "However, people from other castes also formed part of the gathering" Ayyavazhi's rapid growth throughout its first century of existence was noted by Christian missionary reports from the mid-19th century.See the LMS Reports gathered in the article Ayyavazhi in reports by Christian missionaries from the book Religion and Subaltern Agency.
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Mimi Sheller, "Acting as Free Men: Subaltern Masculinities and Citizenship in Postslavery Jamaica" in Gender and Slave Emancipation in the Atlantic World ed. Pamela Scully and Diana Patton (Durham: Duke University Press, 2005), 84.
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"Empire, Colony, Genocide: Conquest, Occupation, and Subaltern Resistance in World History". Berghahn Books. p.188. The territory of the Dzungar Khanate was then incorporated into the Qing Empire as Xinjiang, which later became a province.
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In the Church, the term was used in monasteries for heads of groups of ten (10) other monks, for low-ranking subaltern officials of the Patriarchate of Constantinople, and for the ecclesiastic fossores ("grave- diggers").
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File:James Warren Childe, circa 1810-15 A subaltern of the 24th (2nd Warwickshire) Regiment of Foot.jpg File:Mary Ann Paton by James Warren Childe.jpg File:Mendelssohn Bartholdy.jpg File:Portrait of a girl holding a bonnet, James Warren Childe.
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Apart from several Endowment Lectures, Abel also published numerous articles and several books. His articles deal with the areas of political administration, ideologies, economic development, subaltern studies, Dalit concerns, Christian higher education, and church administration.
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A common thread running through Mukherjee's work has been a criticism of the Subaltern mode of historical inquiry, which informs her analysis of peasant movements as well as her other major contribution: modern Indian history. This is encapsulated by the two books co-written with Bipan Chandra et al: India's Struggle for Independence and India after independence: 1947-2000. In the former book, the authors sought to "demolish the influence of the Cambridge and Subaltern 'schools' reflected in the writing on colonialism and nationalism in India".
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The postcolonial critic Homi K. Bhabha emphasized the importance of social power relations in defining subaltern social groups as oppressed, racial minorities whose social presence was crucial to the self- definition of the majority group; as such, subaltern social groups, nonetheless, also are in a position to subvert the authority of the social groups who hold hegemonic power.Garcia-Morena, Laura and Pfeiffer, Peter C. Eds. "Unsatisfied: Notes on Vernacular Cosmopolitanism", Text and Nation: Cross-Disciplinary Essays on Cultural and National Identities. Columbia, SC: Camden House, 1996: pp.
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When Ayya was alive he instructed the five Seedars with the rules and regulations.G.Patrick's, Religion and Subaltern Agency, Chapter 5, They were asked to preach them to the people. After he attained vaikundam, the disciples went to different parts of the country, preaching them to the people.G.Patrick's, Religion and Subaltern Agency, Chapter 5, page 120 The participants of Thuvayal Thavasu who were called Thuvayal Pandarams were the primary missionaries of Ayyavazhi who went to different parts of the country carrying the Gospels of Vaikundar.
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The subaltern rank of cornet was the equivalent of the contemporary infantry rank of ensign; today both have been supplanted by the rank of second lieutenant. The cornet carried the troop standard, known as a "guidon".
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By the middle of the 19th century, Ayyavazhi had come to be a recognisable religion, in South Travancore and South Tirunelveli.G.Patrick's, Religion and Subaltern Agency, Chapter 5, The Religious Phenomenon of Ayyavazhi, page 91 Sub-heading:Spread of the Phenomenon, line 1 The growth of the religion increased significantly from the 1940s through the decades.G.Patrick's, Religion and Subaltern Agency, Chapter 5,page 92 Almost a century after Akilam was written down, it was released in printed form for the first time in 1933. The first printed form of Arul Nool came in 1927.
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Staff-officer, here: polkovnik of the 46th Artillery brigade 1c. General, here: Field marshal of Russian Vyborg 85th infantry regiment of German Emperor Wilhelm II. 2\. Guards 2a. Subaltern-officer, here: captain of the Mikhailovsky artillery school 2b.
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The chartoularios or chartularius (), Anglicized as chartulary, was a late Roman and Byzantine administrative official, entrusted with administrative and fiscal duties, either as a subaltern official of a department or province or at the head of various independent bureaus.
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Sudipta Kaviraj (born 1945) is a scholar of South Asian Politics and Intellectual History, often associated with Postcolonial and Subaltern Studies. He is currently teaching at Columbia University in the department of Middle Eastern, South Asian and African Studies.
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Adam Jones wrote: "This ferocious race war featured genocidal atrocities on both sides, with up to 200,000 killed."Nicholas A. Robins, Adam Jones (2009). "Genocides by the Oppressed: Subaltern Genocide in Theory and Practice". Indiana University Press. p. 50.
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Decanus means "chief of ten" in Late Latin. The term originated in the Roman army and became used thereafter for subaltern officials in the Byzantine Empire, as well as for various positions in the Church, whence derives the English title "dean".
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Akolouthos (, "follower, attendant") was a Byzantine office with varying functions over time. Originally a subaltern officer of the imperial guard regiment (tagma) of the Vigla, it was associated with the command over the famed Varangian Guard in the 11th–12th centuries.
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In the Preface to the book, Chibber explains that once he examined the conditions that gave rise to postcolonial theory, he felt that he also had to examine its core arguments. Postcolonial Theory and the Specter of Capital was focused on one particular strand of theorizing, namely the Subaltern Studies collective. Chibber took Subaltern Studies as a representative of the key sociological and historical arguments in postcolonial studies. His basic argument in the book is that, even though postcolonial theory advertises itself as a critique of Orientalism and Eurocentrism, in fact the theory ends up resurrecting them.
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In the Portuguese Empire, a capitão- general (plural capitães-generais) was a governor of a capitania geral (captaincy general), with a higher rank than a capitão-mor (captain-major) and directly subordinated to the Crown. A captaincy general had a higher category than the simple captaincies (also referred as subaltern captaincies). Sometimes, a captaincy general included one or more subaltern captaincies. The governors of the captaincies general were usually styled "governor and captain-general", with the term "governor" referring to his administrative role and the term "captain-general" referring to his military role as commander-in-chief of the troops in his captaincy.
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This research culminated in the book, Savage Money (1997). In his preface, Gregory says it took him a long time to publish the book, as he immersed himself in the published literature on Indian society, and because of teaching pressures. The Subaltern Studies approach that emerged in 1980s, and particularly the work of Ranajit Guha, was a major influence. Inspired by the Subaltern school, Gregory places the theme of 'alternate values' and rival value systems at the centre in order to interrogate the politics as well as the economics of commodity exchange, and the implications for an anthropologically informed theory of value.
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G. Patrick's, Religion and Subaltern Agency, Chapter 5, p. 114 It came as a declaration from Ayya Vaikundar that he was going to dethrone the king and rule the country under a Single Umbrella.Ailattirattu Ammanai, pp. 211, 227, 228, 241, 267 and 279.
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In the ninth century, the Muslim conquerors of Spain made Cordoba their capital. Christians were accorded a subaltern status, and subject to a monthly tax. Though restricted, they were permitted to worship. Some, like Eulogius’s younger brother, rose to high positions in the government.
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Some of them were established when Vaikundar was alive. Among them Arul Nool, specifies seven Thangals,G. Patrick, Religion and Subaltern Agency Chapter 5, p. 118. Vaikuntacami is said to have established seven of these nilaltankalkal at Chettykudiyirrupu, Agastisvaram, Palur, Chundavilai, Vadalivilai, Kadampankulam and Pampankulam.
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Eric Thirkell Cooper (18861960) was a British soldier and war poet during World War I. Cooper was born in 1886 in Beckenham, Kent. He served with the Royal Fusiliers (City of London Regiment), reaching the rank of Major. He published two collections of poems: Soliloquies of a Subaltern Somewhere in France (1915) and Tommies of the Line, and Other Poems (1918). In 1916, the English composer John Ireland (18791962) published settings of three poems from Soliloquies of a Subaltern for voice and piano: "Blind" and "The Cost" in a set called Two Songs; and, separately, "Lines to a Garrison Churchyard", under the title "A Garrison Churchyard".
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The Holy Symbol of Ayyavazhi It is difficult to give a clear-cut listing to Ayyavazhi concepts because of the relation the Ayyavazhi scriptures maintains with the Hindu scriptures. Akilam primarily says the central themes of the existing scriptures (that of Hindu) had gone awry by the advent of Vaikundar.G. Patrick, Religion and Subaltern agency, 'The Religious Phenomenon of Ayya Vali', p.119. It also narrates that Akilam was given to mankind as an alternative because Kaliyan destroyed the original Vedas and Shastras, and at the beginning of Kali Yuga, several additions were given to the previous scriptures by him.G. Patrick, Religion and Subaltern Agency, pp. 120–121.
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Hence do subaltern social groups create social, political, and cultural movements that contest and disassemble the exclusive claims to power of the Western imperialist powers, and so establish the use and application of local knowledge to create new spaces of opposition and alternative, non-imperialist futures.
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Abraham Ben Yijū was a Jewish merchant and poet born in Ifriqiya, in what is now Tunisia, around 1100. He is known from surviving correspondence between him and others in the Cairo Geniza fragments.Amitav Ghosh, 'The Slave of MS. H.6', Subaltern Studies, 7 (1993), 159-220.
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Baring was a member of the Baring family and the son of Evelyn Baring, 1st Earl of Cromer. He was appointed to the Diplomatic Service as a Third Secretary in July 1902. During the First World War he served as a subaltern in the Grenadier Guards.The peerage.
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Dr Bhukya has specialized in modern Indian history and his work focuses on the history of subaltern and marginalized groups. He did his MA and MPhil from Hyderabad Central University, India, and his PhD from the University of Warwick, UK, on a Ford Foundation International Fellowship.
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His critique, explained in his book Postcolonial Theory and the Specter of Capital, is focused on the works of two Indian scholars: Ranajit Guha and Dipesh Chakrabarty. According to Chibber, subaltern scholars tend to recreate the Orient as a place where cultural differences negate analyses based on western experience.
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"Into Battle" is a 1915 war poem by a British First World War subaltern, Julian Grenfell. The poem was published posthumously in The Times after Grenfell fell in 1915. At the time it was as popular as Rupert Brooke's "The Soldier". The poem is pro-war in nature.
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Adam Jones and Nicholas Robinson have classified this as a subaltern genocide, meaning a "genocide by the oppressed", and that it contains "morally plausible" elements of retribution or revenge. Jones points out that this type of genocide is less likely to be condemned and may even be welcomed.
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Under the droungarios were one or two topotērētai (sing. topotērētēs, τοποτηρητής, lit. "placeholder, lieutenant"), a chartoularios () as head of the commander's secretariat, and the akolouthos, a title unique to the Vigla but corresponding to similar subaltern officers, the proximos of the Scholai and the prōtomandatōr of the Exkoubitoi.; ; .
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As a result, it can create a sense of powerlessness within Latino males in their expression of their masculinity.Connell, R. W. (1995). Masculinities. Los Angeles, California, United States: University of California PressMignolo, Walter D. Local histories/global designs: Coloniality, subaltern knowledges, and border thinking. Princeton University Press, 2011.
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Vivências Partilhadas provides widest range of representations of the Goan subaltern in Portuguese-language Goan literature post-1961, with a particular focus on the experiences of women,Paul Melo e Castro, 'How the Other Half Live: The Goan Subaltern in the Stories of Vimala Devi, Maria Elsa da Rocha and Epitácio Pais', in Portuguese Language and Literature in Goa: Past, Present and Future, Carmo D'Souza (ed.), Margão, India: CinnamonTeal, 2014, pp.26-32. though this deep-seated sympathy at times appears to be at cross-purposes with a certain social conservatism.Hélder Garmes and Paul Melo e Castro 'Lirismo e Conservadorismo na Arena Política: o conto "Shivá, brincando..." da escritora goesa Maria Elsa da Rocha'. Revista Abril, 4.6 (2011), pp.
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In establishing the Postcolonial definition of the term subaltern, the philosopher and theoretician Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak cautioned against assigning an over-broad connotation. She argues:de Kock, Leon. 1992. "Interview With Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak: New Nation Writers Conference in South Africa." ARIEL: A Review of International English Literature 23(3):29–47.
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He was appointed Commissary of Ordnance for the Army and Inspector of Ordnance and Magazines in Bengal.Frederick Sleigh Roberts, Forty-one years in India From Subaltern To Commander-In-Chief, London, 1897, Major General William Carmichael Russell retired in March 1878 and died in Shirley, Southampton on 10 February 1905.
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She valorizes subaltern forms and methods of knowing, being, and creating that have been marginalized by Western thought, and theorizes her writing process as a fully embodied artistic, spiritual, and political practice. Light in the Dark contains multiple transformative theories including include the nepantleras, the Coyolxauhqui imperative, spiritual activism, and others.
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"Coloniality" claims that knowledge production is strongly influenced by the context of the person producing the knowledge and that this has further disadvantaged developing countries with limited knowledge production infrastructure. It originated among critics of subaltern theories, which, although strongly de-colonial, are less concerned with the source of knowledge.
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Mohammed Ayoob (born 1942) is a Distinguished Professor of International Relations at Michigan State University's James Madison College and the Department of Political Science. He is also Coordinator of the Muslim Studies Program at Michigan State University. Within international relations theory he is known for this theory of subaltern realism.
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Not until, as a subaltern, he visited India with the 7th Hussars did he realise his love for cricket, a love that he sustained all through his life. Poore remained a dangerous batsman in club games right up to his mid- fifties, and played first-class cricket in India as late as 1913.
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While this looks > to be a complex game that will take some careful work from Subaltern to pull > off, it's hard to turn down the chance to be a powerful, amoral, behind-the- > scenes conspirator and exploiter. For a couple hours, at least.Singal, > Jesse. "Cool titles await at Festival of Indie Games".
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A solid stone sea wall ran along the east side of the fort. A ditch, filled from the sea and controlled via a sluice gate, provided an additional obstacle. According to James, the normal garrison of the fort was one captain, one subaltern and fifty men, though it could accommodate six hundred.James, p.
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"Terminology", in Selections from the Prison Notebooks. New York: International Publishers, pp. xiii-xiv but contemporary evidence indicates that the term was a novel concept in Gramsci's political theory.Green, Marcus E. "Rethinking the Subaltern and the Question of Censorship in Gramsci's Prison Notebooks," Postcolonial Studies, Volume 14, Number 4 (2011): 385-402.
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Charles "Chuck" Walker is the MacArthur Foundation Endowed Chair in International Human Rights and professor of Latin American history at the University of California, Davis. He also serves as director of its Hemispheric Institute on the Americas. His interests include Peru, natural disasters, social movements, subaltern politics, truth commissions, and sports and empire.
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Distinguished enlisted men or experienced non-commissioned officers were offered subaltern ranks (ensign, lieutenant, or captain), and officers were granted promotions to field rank (major, lieutenant colonel, or colonel). In February 1866, he was mustered out of the Army after failing to acquire a regular commission in the drastically- reduced postwar Army.
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The concept of inversion in postcolonial theory and subaltern studies refers to a discursive strategy which opposes or resists a dominant discourse by turning around its categories and re-enacting an asymmetrical relation with the terms the other way around. The term can be used with positive, negative or neutral value-connotations.
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In Provincializing Europe (2000), Dipesh Chakrabarty charts the subaltern history of the Indian struggle for independence, and counters Eurocentric, Western scholarship about non-Western peoples and cultures, by proposing that Western Europe simply be considered as culturally equal to the other cultures of the world; that is, as "one region among many" in human geography.
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Subaltern Studies and Collective Memories in Piana degli Albanesi: Methodological Reflections on a Historiographical Encounter. Asian Journal of Social Science. 32. (2). 247–248: Piana degli Albanesi or Plain of the Albanians is a literal translation of the village's Albanian name, Hora e Arbëreshëvet. The name provides a quick insight into its history and geography.
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A map showing the British positions and the key positions of Dilkusha Kothi and La Martiniere. The military positions in 1857 are shown on the map illustrated.Forty-one years in India: From Subaltern To Commander-In-Chief Author: Frederick Sleigh Roberts available at gutenburg.org published 1897 The Dilkusha gardens are at the lower right.
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The then Princess Elizabeth was trained to drive one during the war.Princess Elizabeth 2nd Subaltern 1945 (especially the first 20 seconds) (British Pathé).Princess Elizabeth (1945) (especially from 3 minutes 10 seconds) (British Pathé). The design was popular with British and Commonwealth troops, as well as American forces which received them in reverse Lend-Lease.
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Arisundara Mani, Akilathirattu Ammani Parayan Urai, pp. 290–291 Regarding scriptures, the first part of Akilam is summed-up events of the previous yugas, which are present in Hindu scriptures.G. Patrick, Religion and Subaltern Agency, p. 119 The second part says about the universal transformation and the uniqueness of Vaikundar and his incarnational activities.
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The emergence of Vithoba was concurrent with the rise of a "new type of lay devotee", the Varkari. While Vishnu and Shiva were bound in rigid ritualistic worship and Brahmin (priestly) control, Vithoba, "the God of the subaltern, became increasingly human." Vithoba is often praised as the protector of the poor and needy.Tilak (2006) pp.
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The populations most vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change include children, older adults, people with heart or lung disease and people living in poverty. The repeal of the Clean Power Plan will increase greenhouse gas emissions, expediting the damaging environmental changes due to climate change that disproportionately affect subaltern populations around the globe.
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Stransham entered the Royal Marines on 1 January 1823. Four years after entering the service, he was present as a subaltern at the Battle of Navarino on 20 October 1827. Stransham led the Royal Marines during the First Battle of Canton in the First Opium War on 18 March 1841. He was wounded and promoted to captain.
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Bermuda Volunteer Engineers 1934 The Bermuda Volunteer Engineers was created in June, 1931. Its original strength was one captain, one subaltern, three sergeants, four corporals, and twenty-four sappers. An adjutant, a sergeant-major, and two sergeants were attached from the regular Royal Engineers. Its original role was to operate the search lights at coastal artillery batteries.
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47 Image of John Le Couteur as a subaltern officer, c.1811. Le Couteur later took part in the Siege of Fort Erie, the battles of Sackett's Harbour and Lundy's Lane and thirty-three skirmishes.Stevens, p.54 In his journal, Le Couteur expresses admiration for the bravery of the First Nation allies, but considers them 'very savage'Balleine, p.
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His elder brother, Herbert, was then also serving out in India as a new subaltern. HT Lambrick, John Jacob of Jacobabad, reprint, Karachi, 1975, of original edition, p.7 A number of the young cadets there who were his contemporaries, included such famous officers as Eldred Pottinger, Robert Cornelis Napier, Henry Mortimer Durand, Vincent Eyre and others.Lambrick, p.
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Bury (1911), p. 65Kazhdan (1991), p. 641 J.B. Bury considered a seal of the 7th–8th centuries mentioning a "droungarios tou nou[merou?]" as an indication of a predecessor of the 9th-century unit, and based on the nomenclature of its subaltern officers hypothesized an origin in the East Roman army of the 6th century,Bury (1911), pp.
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After earning her BA, Sharpe was accepted to UT's PhD program in Comparative Literature where she met Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, one of the founders of postcolonial and subaltern studies. Spivak became her dissertation chair, and supervised Sharpe's doctoral thesis. Sharpe teaches courses on postcolonial theory, Caribbean literature, memory studies, and narrative theory at UCLA. She lives in Los Angeles.
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39 On 23 February the company merged into the 42nd Battalion, MGC. It was during his service as a subaltern in France that he won the Military Cross (MC).Dover, pp. 30–31 During the Spring Offensive launched by the German Army in mid-March 1918, Gale was awarded his MC for 'conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty'.
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He eventually returned to the United Kingdom as a Junior Research Fellow at Nuffield College, University of Oxford, where he taught and researched on South Asian Politics. An excerpt from his thesis concerning the intersectionality of local politics in the Midnapur district of Bengal has featured in a volume about subaltern studies, edited by Ranajit Guha.
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Forbes was commissioned as a subaltern in the 1st Welsh Guards in 1939. After a short period in Gibraltar, he served as battalion intelligence officer in the British Expeditionary Force in France in 1940. Leading a reconnaissance patrol near Arras in May 1940, he was captured by the Germans. He was later awarded the Military Cross for his conduct.
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In January 2019, Shukla appeared in series 47 of the BBC Radio 4 show Great Lives, nominating Pakistani wrestler The Great Gama (1878–1960). Shukla hosted a podcast called The Subaltern podcast, in which he has conversations with writers about writing. He also co-hosted a podcast called Meat Up, Hulk Out with sci-fi writer James Smythe.
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Gautam Bhadra () is a historian of South Asia and was a member of the erstwhile Subaltern Studies collective. Bhadra was born in Kolkata in 1948. He obtained education at Presidency College (), Jadavpur University and Jawaharlal Nehru University (). He started teaching at the Department of History, University of Calcutta () and continued there for more than 15 years.
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The Kappu viewed from an eleventh impression Pala Ramachandran version Akilam. The holy books of Ayyavazhi are the Akilattirattu Ammanai (commonly referred to as Akilam) and the Arul Nool, and they are the source of the religion's mythology. The Akilattirattu Ammanai was written by Hari Gopalan Seedar in 1841,G. Patrick, Religion and Subaltern Agency, Chapter 5, pp.
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Nizhal Thangal near Marthandam, Tamil Nadu The followers of Ayyavazhi established Pathis and Nizhal Thangals, which are centers of worship and religious learning in various parts of the country.G. Patrick, Religion and Subaltern Agency, pp. 116–117 They serve as centres for propagation of the beliefs and practices of Ayyavazhi. There are thousands of Nizhal Thangals throughout India,C.
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The flag mast of Swamithoppe with Ayyavazhi symbol at the top The ethics of Ayyavazhi, integrated with the meta-narrative mythology, are found throughout the primary scripture, Akilattirattu Ammanai.T. Krishnanathan, Ayya Vaikundarin Vazhvum Sinthanaiyum, p. 112. Regarding ethics, Arul Nool is an accumulation of the core concepts found in Akilam.G. Patrick, Religion and Subaltern agency, Chapter 5, p.
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Each of the gods referred to in the scriptures (Hindu) also remained with all their powers. But from the beginning of Kali Yuga, they and all their virtues collapsed.G. Patrick, Religion and Subaltern Agency, p. 214 Kaliyan was a part of the mundane primordial manifestation who spread maya or illusion upon the existing scriptures and Devas.
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Old War Office Building in London. It was here that Spears, the bilingual young subaltern, worked with French counterparts developing a joint Anglo-French codebook. In 1903, he joined the Kildare Militia, the 3rd Battalion of the Royal Dublin Fusiliers. In the mess, he acquired the nickname of Monsieur Beaucaire after a play about an urbane Frenchman.
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His first collection of poetry Marangburu Amar Pita (Our Father Marangburu), published in 2007, won him the Sahitya Akademi Yuva Puraskar for 2012, and the Munin Barkotoki Literary Award for 2008. His second collection of Assamese poetry Uttar-Ouponibeshik Kabita (Post-colonial Poems) has been published recently in July, 2018 (Publisher: Papyrus, Guwahati). His Assamese poems have been included in various anthologies of Assamese poetry and featured in various journals in Assamese. He writes fiction occasionally and few of his short- stories have been included in several anthologies of Assamese fiction. Kamal’s first collection of prose in Assamese Nimnaborgo Somaaj Oitijya (Subaltern Society's Legacy), published in 2007, was composed of critical essays on Subaltern historiography and Post-colonial theory, with specific reference to colonial history and cultures of Assam.
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The subaltern native is a colonial identity for the Other, which conceptually derives from the Cultural hegemony work of Antonio Gramsci, an Italian Marxist intellectual. Colonial stability requires the cultural subordination of the non-white Other for transformation into the subaltern native; a colonised people who facilitate the exploitation of their labour, of their lands, and of the natural resources of their country. The practise of Othering justifies the physical domination and cultural subordination of the native people by degrading them — first from being a national-citizen to being a colonial-subject — and then by displacing them to the periphery of the colony, and of geopolitical enterprise that is imperialism.Ashcroft, B., Griffiths, G., & Tiffin, H., Post-Colonial Studies: The Key Concepts (London and New York: Routledge, 1998), p. 142.
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Palmyra, the tree cursed to provide celestial nectar in the form of Palm-juice for Santror until the closure of Kaliyuga. The Santror is the subject of the religious vision of Ayyavazhi.G. Patrick, Religion and Subaltern Agency, Chapter 6, p. 151 "Canror (Santror) is a name that stands for a people who are the subject of the religious vision of AV (Ayyavazhi)" There is both a religious and a social category in its connotation.G. Patrick, Religion and Subaltern Agency, Chapter 6, pp. 151–152. In the social sense, it is believed that the term Santror fits rightly to the early "Chanars", who were called by the Arabs as "Al Hind", and known in biblical times as the "People of Five Rivers"; they are now scattered with more than 250 branches throughout the world.
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He completed a one-year diploma course successfully at the session 2000-2001 from Theatre School, Dhaka. He also took part in a film appreciation course in 2008 organized by Biswa Shahitya Kendra in Dhaka. Pathik edits a magazine named Bratya that mainly focuses on the life and livelihood of the subaltern people of Bangladesh. Five poetry books by Pathik have been published.
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Neocolonialism is a strategic computer game in which players take over different regions all over the world. It is turn-based, and allows three to six players at once. It is produced by American indie studio Subaltern Games, and designed by Seth Alter. As in Risk, the world is divided into a number of different regions that player try to dominate.
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It is a simple system that in no way reflects how sovereign bonds > function at a technical, legal level, but it does reflect how they are > wielded by finance capitalists as a kind of tool or weapon against their > peers (and also the rest of the world).Alter, Seth. "The Discreteness of > Video Games (and sarcasm)". Subaltern Games. 29 February 2012.
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Gandhi (1869–1948) has become a worldwide hero of tolerance and striving toward freedom. In his own time, he objected to the growing forces of Indian nationalism, communalism and the subaltern response. Gandhi saw religion as a uniting force, confessing the equality of all religions. He synthesized the Astika, Nastika and Semitic religions, promoting an inclusive culture for peaceful living.
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She was commissioned in December 1948 as a second subaltern (equivalent to second lieutenant). Her first posting as an officer was as a platoon commander based in the United Kingdom. On 1 February 1949, the ATS became the Women's Royal Army Corps (WRAC). Therefore, she became an officer of the WRAC and, for the first time, became subject to military law.
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Richards, p. 86 In 1751, the regiment was officially styled the 12th Dragoons. In 1768, King George III bestowed the badge of the three ostrich feathers and the motto "Ich Dien" on the regiment and re-titled it as The 12th (Prince of Wales's) Regiment of (Light) Dragoons. A young Arthur Wellesley joined the regiment as a subaltern in 1789.
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In Bakloh the battalion had 16 Subalterns. Thirteen joined in 1964. Their overseer, as the senior subaltern, was the handsome, affable, and popular Virendra K Dhawan, who loved three X rum, crumbling roller cigarettes, and KL Seghal's melancholy melodies. On 6 April 2011, a year before the Golden jubilee, to the regret of legions of friends and admirers, Virendra died.
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49–50 Like the other tagmata, the Domestic was assisted by a topotērētēs (τοποτηρητής, lit. "placeholder, lieutenant"), a secretary called chartoularios (χαρτουλάριος), and a chief messenger called prōtomandatōr (πρωτομανδάτωρ).Bury (1911), p. 66 The subaltern officers were titled, in late antique fashion, tribounoi (, "tribunes") and vikarioi (βικάριοι, "vicarii"), corresponding to the komētēs ("counts") and kentarchoi ("centurions") of the other tagmata.
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There, he was posted to Kaduna as an infantry subaltern with the Fifth Battalion. His time in Kaduna was the first time that Obasanjo lived in a Muslim-majority area. It was while he was there, in October 1960, that Nigeria became an independent country. Shortly after, the Fifth Battalion were sent to the Congo as part of a United Nations peacekeeping force.
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R. For conspicuous > gallantry in action. He executed an attack with the greatest initiative and > resource, thereby enabling a strong enemy position to be captured. He > handled his battalion with great skill throughout the operations. Allason was wounded for a third time in December 1916 when, inspecting the trenches at the front line he was accidentally shot by a young and jumpy Subaltern.
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Anderson & Dynes 1975, pp. 43–43, Oostindie & Klinkers 2003, pp. 85–86, Oostindie 2015, p. 240. Although this system had its proponents, who pointed to the fact that managing its own foreign relations and national defense would be too costly for a small country like the Netherlands Antilles, many Antilleans saw it as a continuation of the area's subaltern colonial status.
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After graduating from the Royal Military Academy, Sandhurst, Hamilton was commissioned as a subaltern with the Green Howards with the Service No.499793 in 1975, and served with the British Army in Cyprus, Belize, and South Armagh in Northern Ireland during Operation Banner. He was transferred into the Special Air Service in 1981, being attached initially to its D Squadron, 19 (Mountain) Troop.
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Poomani's Vekaai was also translated from Tamil to English by N. Kalyan Raman and published as Heat (2019) by Juggernaut Books. Poomani's debut novel and one of the pioneering subaltern novels of Tamilnadu "Piragu" has been translated into English by T. Marx and published as "And Then" by Emerald Publishers (December 2019) Poomani directed the award-winning movie Karuvelam Pookkal (1996) for NFDC.
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During World War 1 he received a commission into the British Army as a subaltern in the Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers.World War 1 Medal Index Card for Falls, The National Archive, Kew, Surrey. Document Order Code: WO 372/7/13986. He served as a Staff Officer in the Headquarters of the 36th (Ulster) Division and the 62nd (2nd West Riding) Division during the conflict.
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Craufurd entered the army aged fifteen. He enlisted as an Ensign with the 25th Foot in 1779, serving four years as a subaltern. By aged nineteen he was already a company commander. He spent some time at Berlin in 1782, studying the tactics of the army of Frederick the Great and translated into English the official Prussian treatise on the Art of War.
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Both the Imperial Russian Army and the Imperial Russian Navy sported different forms of epaulettes for its officers and senior NCOs. Today the current Kremlin Regiment continues the epaulette tradition. Types of epaulette of the Russian Empire ;Types of epaulette of the Russian Empire: 1\. Infantry 1a. Subaltern-officer, here: poruchik of the 13th Life Grenadier Erivan His Imperial Majesty's regiment 1b.
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Of the lower ranks, here: junior unteroffizier (junior non-commissioned officer) of the 3rd Smolensk lancers HIM Emperor Alexander III regiment 3b. Subaltern-officer, here: podyesaul of Russian Kizlyar-Grebensky 1st Cossack horse regiment. 3c. Staff-officer, here: lieutenant-colonel of the 2nd Life Dragoon Pskov Her Imperial Majesty Empress Maria Feodorovna regiment 3d. General, here: General of the cavalry. 4\.
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There is controversy surrounding the concept of machismo as originally from Spanish and Portuguese descent. The use of Spanish and Portuguese produces historical colonial connotations through its promotion of Spanish and Portuguese masculine social construction, when the term should be used to describe specific Latin American historical masculinities.Mignolo, W. D. (2011). Local histories/global designs: Coloniality, subaltern knowledges, and border thinking.
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Douglas S. Mack in McCracken-Flesher, "Can the Scottish subaltern speak?", p. 146. From 1971 until 1987 the sword was used at the installation of a Knight of the Order of the Thistle, Scotland's highest Order of Chivalry. When the Stone of Scone was returned to Scotland in 1996 it also was placed in the Crown Room alongside the Honours.
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At the moment, the central government nominates the governors of the provinces. RENAMO leader Afonso Dhlakama demanded the creation of so-called "Autonomous Provinces" and a subsequent constitutional devolution. The FRELIMO party, especially Mozambique's president Filipe Nyusi, denied these requests and called them "unconstitutional". Gilles Cistac contradicted Nyusi and said that, according to Mozambique's constitution, it was possible to create subaltern hierarchies.
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Gajjala is a well known communications scholar, co-editor of Ada a journal focusing on gender, new media, and technology, and professor of both media and communication, and culture studies at Bowling Green State University. She has authored and co-authored several scholarly articles and books, with her most recent book being Cyberculture and the Subaltern: Weavings of the Virtual and Real.
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Karukku was, however, critically acclaimed and won the Crossword Book Award in 2000. It has since become a textbook in various courses like Marginal Literature, Literature in Translation, Autobiography, Feminist Literature, Subaltern Literature and Dalit Literature, across many universities. Bama followed it with Sangati and Kusumbukkaran. Bama got a loan and set up a school for Dalit children in Uttiramerur.
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Bama 's novels focus on caste and gender discrimination. They portray caste-discrimination practised in Christianity and Hinduism. Bama's works are seen as embodying Dalit feminism and are famed for celebrating the inner strength of the subaltern woman. In an interview, Bama has said that she writes because she considers it her duty and responsibility to share the experiences of her people.
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James C. Scott (born December 2, 1936) is an American political scientist and anthropologist. He is a comparative scholar of agrarian and non-state societies, subaltern politics, and anarchism. His primary research has centered on peasants of Southeast Asia and their strategies of resistance to various forms of domination. The New York Times described his research as "highly influential and idiosyncratic".
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The whole is a masterpiece of stereotomy. In all, there are more than 120 steps divided into twelve straight flights to get from the basement to the attics. An iron railing sits around the stairwell and wraps around the railing while following its movements. The only window present, more than 15 metres high, allows light to be diffused throughout the staircase without subaltern lighting.
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Brian Wynne Oakley, (10 October 1927 – 17 August 2012) was a British civil servant and industrialist who took a leading role in the area of information technology, especially the 1980s Alvey Programme. In World War II, Oakley served with the Royal Signals as a subaltern. He then studied science at Exeter College, Oxford.Honorary Graduates — Brian Wynne Oakley, CBE, University of Essex, UK, 9 July 1998.
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"Empire, Colony, Genocide: Conquest, Occupation, and Subaltern Resistance in World History". Berghahn Books. p.188. Anti-Zunghar Uyghur rebels from the Turfan and Hami oases had submitted to Qing rule as vassals and requested Qing help for overthrowing Zunghar rule. Uyghur leaders like Emin Khoja were granted titles within the Qing nobility, and these Uyghurs helped supply the Qing military forces during the anti-Zunghar campaign.
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Dorian is the grandson of the late Lord Kelso. His mother, Lady Margaret Devereux, was portrayed as a beautiful and rich woman. Her grandfather had a strong dislike for Kelso and, therefore, bequeathed the entire Selby property to Margaret. Dorian’s father, a subaltern in a foot regiment, was killed by a Belgian brute a few months after his marriage to Lady Margaret, who died soon after.
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Hancock was born in Buckinghamshire, England to a military father and was educated at Sutton Valence school in the Kent Downs. After finishing school in 1942, Hancock saw war service with the British Army as a gunner subaltern in Greece and Italy. He attended Pembroke College, Cambridge in 1944 and in 1948 took up a Fellowship in Art to Brown University in Rhode Island, New York.
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He studied at Presidency College, Calcutta and at the University of Calcutta. He taught for many years as a lecturer at the University of Calcutta, and later as a reader at the University of Burdwan. He was Professor of History at the University of Delhi. He was one of the founding members of the Subaltern Studies Collective, but later distanced himself from the project.
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Dalit and lower-caste writers have suggested this proportion was 85 percent of the population. Lower-caste people are sometimes collectively referred to as "bahujan samaj", or the majority community. The term has also been translated as "subaltern". The precise set of caste groups described as "Bahujan" has varied with context; in the state of Maharashtra, for example, the term has often excluded Dalits.
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Bobby Wick is made a subaltern and he joins a regiment called the Tyneside Tail Twisters. One of the soldiers, Dormer, has a temper and is constantly getting into trouble. Bobby takes him fishing and makes friends with him, eventually inspiring him to improve his behaviour and become a better soldier. Bobby has this sort of effect on most of the soldiers in his regiment.
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Marxism was a philosophy for the proletariat, a subaltern class, and thus could often only be expressed in the form of popular superstition and common sense.Gramsci 1982, pp. 419–425. Nonetheless, it was necessary to effectively challenge the ideologies of the educated classes, and to do so Marxists must present their philosophy in a more sophisticated guise, and attempt to genuinely understand their opponents' views.
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Nigel Norman was the only child of journalist and travel writer Henry Norman, and novelist Ménie Muriel Dowie. Following officer training at the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, he served as a subaltern with the Royal Garrison Artillery during the First World War. He later transferred to the Royal Corps of Signals. In 1926, Norman married Patricia Moyra, eldest daughter of the late Lieutenant Colonel J.H.A. Annesley.
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Petzeas () was a Byzantine commander and provincial governor under Alexios I Komnenos. He is only known from a few brief references in the Alexiad. In 1098, he was a subaltern of the megas doux John Doukas during the latter's campaign to recover the Aegean littoral of Anatolia from the Seljuq Turks. Following the recapture of Ephesus, Petzeas was appointed as the city's governor (doux).
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After university he sought a position in the Indian Civil Service, gaining acceptance on 13 October 1913.Viewing Page 7690 of Issue 28770 He transferred to then British India, residing at Shillong, Assam, India. A group of British Civil Service officers introduced golf to Shillong in 1898 by constructing a nine-hole Shillong Golf Course. Rhodes served as an infantry subaltern during the First World War.
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The person's name was Cheta Ram Jatav. Cheta Ram fought the British. Seeing the British harassing the people, he fought them, after which the British arrested him and tied him with a tree.The circumstances of Jatav's death have been highlighted by Badri Narayan Tiwari, a Subaltern historian from the G. B. Pant Institute of Social Sciences in Allahabad, but his life appears to be lost to history.
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Parry was called to the Bar at the Inner Temple and practised as a member of Chester and North Wales Circuit. At the outbreak of the First World War, Parry enlisted and was a subaltern in the 5th Royal Welch Fusiliers, Territorials. He served in the European theatre, Gallipoli, Egypt and Palestine between 1914 and 1919. He was wounded at Suvla Bay and hospitalised in Cairo.
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Sopwith Pup Sopwith Triplane Sopwith Camel Harold Stackard initially was a subaltern in the Royal Naval Division. He served for five months on HMS Oratava of the 10th Cruiser Squadron. After serving in France (1914) and Gallipoli (1915), he transferred to the Royal Naval Air Service in October 1916. On 7 December 1916, Stackard was promoted from Probationary Flight Officer to Flight Sub-Lieutenant.
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The individual rituals, the ecstatic religiosity and the ritual healing, which are the features of Ayyavazhi worship, contributed to the formation of an idea of emancipation and a social discourse.G. Patrick, Religion and Subaltern Agency, p. 137. Rituals attempt to uplift and treat the disenfranchised. Another important thing to be noted is the alternative phrases religiously used in Ayyavazhi universe different from Hinduism, to represent certain practices.
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The historiography of India refers to the studies, sources, critical methods and interpretations used by scholars to develop a history of India. In recent decades there have been four main schools of historiography in how historians study India: Cambridge, Nationalist, Marxist, and subaltern. The once common "Orientalist" approach, with its image of a sensuous, inscrutable, and wholly spiritual India, has died out in serious scholarship.
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Ayya Vaikundar is shown to be proclaiming these admonitions as a titular message to his mission as soon as he emerged from the sea after the Transformation.Ailattirattu Ammanai, published by T. Palaramachandran Nadar, 9th impression, 1989, p. 234 The people had their own folk practices, such as peikkuk kotuttal (offering to demons) or cetikkuk kotuttal (offering to evil spirits), to appease the evil spirits.G.Patrick's, Religion and Subaltern Agency, Chapter 5, p.
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Generalfeldmarschall Friedrich von Wrangel Wrangel was born in Stettin (now Szczecin, Poland) in Pomerania into the Wrangel family. He was actually a relative uncle to the world-famous explorer Ferdinand von Wrangel. He entered a dragoon regiment in 1796 and became second lieutenant in 1798. He fought as a subaltern during the Napoleonic Wars, distinguishing himself especially at Heilsberg in 1807 and receiving the order Pour le Mérite.
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David Hardiman is a historian of modern India and a founding member of the subaltern studies group. Born in Rawalpindi in Pakistan, Hardiman was brought up in England where he graduated from the London School of Economics in 1970 and received his D.Phil. in South Asian History from the University of Sussex in 1975. He is presently a professor in the Department of History at the University of Warwick.
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Glasse was born in London to a Northumberland landowner and his mistress. After the relationship ended, Glasse was brought up in her father's family. When she was 16 she eloped with a 30-year-old Irish subaltern then on half-pay and lived in Essex, working on the estate of the Earls of Donegall. The couple struggled financially and, with the aim of raising money, Glasse wrote The Art of Cookery.
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Special To Arm training is specific to the type of unit the subaltern is joining, and covers a two-week period. This is increasingly integrated with the tactics phase of a Regular training course. Examples are the Platoon Commander's Battle Course held at the Infantry Battle School in Brecon, which is integrated with Regular training, or the Yeomanry Tactics Course held at the Land Warfare Centre in Warminster, which is not.
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Nicholas Rothesay Montagu Stuart-Wortley was born at Highcliffe Castle, Dorset, on 9 January 1892, the first child and only son of Major-General the Honourable Edward James Montagu-Stuart-Wortley, and his wife Violet (née Guthrie). He was educated at Eton College and Oxford University, where he read History. On 25 March 1912 he received a commission as a Subaltern in the British Army's Hampshire Yeomanry, of the (Territorial Force).
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Kaiser Hamidul Haq (born 7 December 1950) is a Bangladeshi translator, critic and academic. Known for his translations from Bengali into English, Haq is a recipient of Bangla Academy Literary Award (2013) in the category of translation. He is a former professor of English at the University of Dhaka. In the liberation war of Bangladesh, he fought against Pakistani Army "as a freshly commissioned subaltern in command of a company".
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The British stormed the fort at midnight on 25 August, capturing it after a bitter fight. The siege cost the British 630 casualties. The defenders' casualties were heavier, but only those among officers were fully recorded. Forty of them were killed, sixty-three wounded and 230 captured, including two French generals. Nearly 5,000 men were captured, including three general officers, 34 field officers, 70 captains and 150 subaltern officers.
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Educated at the Royal College, Colombo, he went on to study at the University of Cambridge. However, he left before finishing his degree due to the outset of World War I to join the British Army and was commissioned in to the King's Royal Rifles. He became a subaltern, later promoted to captain. He saw action on the western front, winning a Military Cross for bravery in the field.
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German historian, Reinhart Koselleck, based his argument on social and conceptual history. The social history belongs to a history of the present whereas conceptual history is the history of ideas or representations. Subaltern Studies historian, Dipesh Chakrabarty name the conceptual and social history as History 1 and History 2. Anthropologist, Michel-Rolph Trouillot, referred them as historicity 1 and historicity 2 and urges for a history of the present.
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He subsequently failed the Woolwich examinations twice and was then relegated to applying for the Militia which had lower entry standards. Even the Militia's examinations proved difficult for Trenchard and he failed in 1891 and 1892. During this period he underwent a period of training as a probationary subaltern with the Forfar and Kincardine Artillery. Following his return to Pritchard's, he achieved a bare pass in March 1893.
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François de Chasseloup-Laubat. François, marquis de Chasseloup-Laubat (August 18, 1754 – October 3, 1833), French general and military engineer, was born at Saint-Sornin (Charente Inferieure), of a noble family, and entered the French engineers in 1774. He was still a subaltern at the outbreak of the Revolution, becoming captain in 1791. His ability as a military engineer was recognized in the campaigns of 1792 and 1793.
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25 The Egyptian Labour Corps was described in February 1918 as organised into Companies of 600 men with a Subaltern commanding officer and two junior officers. Three to six of these Companies formed a Camp under an officer commanding Egyptian Labour Corps of an Area. The officers were at first drawn from Arabic speaking Anglo-Egyptians and afterwards NCOs and privates were recruited from British units and trained in Arabic.
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Silvia Rivera Cusicanqui (born 1949) is a Bolivian feminist, sociologist, historian, and subaltern theorist. She draws upon anarchist theory as well as Quechua and Aymara cosmologies. She is a former director and longtime member of the Taller de Historia Oral Andina (Workshop on Andean Oral History). The Taller de Historia Oral Andina has conducted an ongoing critique of Western epistemologies through writings and activism for close to two decade.
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Parnell's WW1 Medal Index Card, The National Archive, Kew, Surrey, England. In October 1917 his only child, Leslie Parnell, fell in action at Battle of Passchendaele as a subaltern with the 2nd Battalion of the 4th East Lancashire Regiment (on attachment from his father's Corps) at the age of 20 years.War Graves Commission Register Parnell was demobilised at the war's end in 1918 with the rank of Major.
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The novel has however been criticised on the grounds of having neither style nor craft. It has also been pointed out that structural and stylistic techniques literary writing are largely absent in the novel. The award for the novel was decried by some as having been a politically motivated award. The English version of the novel is also on the course on Subaltern Studies at the University of Calgary in Canada.
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Alastair George MacKenzie was born on 31 October 1915. He was educated at Bedford Modern School and Northampton School. MacKenzie emigrated to the Far East in 1938 where he joined the Commercial Union Assurance Company. During World War II he served as a subaltern with the carrier platoon of the 1st Battalion of the Royal Malay Regiment during the final days of the defence of Singapore in February 1942.
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Captain Burns Medal Bar. Captain Arthur "Robbie" Burns (18 November 1917 – June 2008) was awarded the DSO for his service during the Second World War fighting in Italy in 1944, and later had a distinguished career in the British Colonial Office and the English police. He served throughout the Italian campaign as a subaltern and later as a captain. He was wounded twice, fighting in the Anzio beachhead.
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The Marxists have focused on studies of economic development, landownership, and class conflict in precolonial India and of deindustrialisation during the colonial period. The Marxists portrayed Gandhi's movement as a device of the bourgeois elite to harness popular, potentially revolutionary forces for its own ends. Again, the Marxists are accused of being "too much" ideologically influenced. The "subaltern school", was begun in the 1980s by Ranajit Guha and Gyan Prakash.
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On August 17, 1932 he married Katherine "K" Lockhart Taylor, the daughter of a Winnipeg businessman. K was a spirited young woman, having taken flying lessons, a motor mechanics course, and eventually teaching Guy how to drive. As a subaltern, Simonds had to ask special permission to marry. They had a daughter, Ruth, born in England in June 1933, and a son Charles born in Kingston in 1934.
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An orderly takes the pace stick from the Regimental Sergeant-Major (RSM), positioned behind the Escort for the Colour, thus freeing the RSM to draw his sword - the only time a British Army infantry warrant officer ever does so on parade. The Subaltern then commands No. 1 Guard to move into close order, and then dresses it. Then, led by the Subaltern with the Ensign following, and with the Regimental Sergeant-Major marching behind the company, the Escort for the Colour quick marches onto the field to "The British Grenadiers". (This tune is always used irrespective of which regiment's colour is being trooped, because the right flank of every battalion used to be a grenadier company.) A guardsman behind the colour party marches forward towards the Colour Sergeant of the colour party at the same time during the Escort approaching then hands over the rifle to the Colour Sergeant, salutes the colour and leaves the parade ground.
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The most controversial versions of Akilam; Clockwise from top-left: Kalai Ilakkiya Peravai version, Anbukkodi Makkal- Iyakkam Version, Vaikundar Thirukkudumbam Version (1989) and DDPV Author Hari Gopalan Citar states in the text that he wrote this book on a Friday, the twenty-seventh day of the Tamil month of Karthikai (13 December) in the year 1839 CE.G. Patrick's, Religion and Subaltern Agency, Chapter 5, Page118 The author claims that God woke him up during his sleep and commissioned him to record his dictation. Akilathirattu was recorded on palm leaves until 1939, when it was printed.G. Patrick's, Religion and Subaltern Agency, Chapter 5, Page 119 According to the author, the book is the story of God coming in this age, the Kali Yukam or Iron Age, to rule the world by transforming it into the Dharma Yukam. This story of faith weaves together the historical facts about Ayya Vaikundar and his activities with reinterpretations of episodes from the Hindu Puranas (mythologies) and Itihasas (epics).
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As early as 1818, the Indian Army has had a presence in Mhow. Up until World War II, Mhow was the headquarters of the 5th Division of the Southern Army. According to local legend, Winston Churchill also spent a few months in Mhow when he was a subaltern serving with his regiment in India. The house on the mall where he is supposed to have lived, gradually crumbled due to neglect and age.
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This included a cottage for the Medical Officer and a building to serve as the Military Hospital. The new Military Barracks were also constructed in 1831. Designed for 100 rank and file, the barracks compound also included a guard house and a dwelling for two subaltern officers. The barracks were constructed on what is today the Treasury Building (Treasury Casino) while the former barracks site (situated at Brisbane Square) was converted to the lumber yard.
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Poblete earned his Bachelor of Arts from the University of Chile and his Ph.D. from Duke University where he studied literary markets in Chile, the role subaltern readers play in influencing these markets, and the influence of cultural values on curricular choices in schools. One of Poblete's professors at Duke University was Argentine born Walter Mignolo who contributed to Poblete's Critical Latin American and Latino Studies., University of California, Santa Cruz. Currents. New Faculty.
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In October 1912, he sat and passed the Competitive Examination of Officers of the Special Reserve, Militia, and Territorial Forces. Pope was now eligible to transfer from the reserves to the regular army, and made the move on 4 December 1912. He became the junior subaltern of the 1st Battalion, North Staffordshire Regiment, then serving as part of the 17th Brigade of the 6th Division. During this period, he saw service in Ireland.
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He served as a subaltern in India, where he "lost" the convoy of which he was in charge, and was severely reprimanded. He later served in the Palestine Mandate, Egypt, and Northern Ireland. In 1948 he enrolled at St Martin's School of Art on the British equivalent of the GI Bill. After he graduated from St Martin's with a national diploma in design, he won a place at the Royal College of Art.
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These works mainly analyze the Subhuman socio – economic conditions of the subaltern sections of the caste ridden Indian society. He was the founder editor of Padavukal, a news journal magazine published by the Department of Social Welfare, Government of Kerala, during 2001–2005. In the second phase of his writings, Paul Chirakkarode entered the zone of socio-literacy critical studies. Among these studies four works were published in Malayalam and two were in English.
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Singh enlisted as a dafadar in 1852 and served as a soldier over 50 years. He received the Indian Order of Merit for having saved the life of Sir Robert Sandeman at Lucknow at the time of the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857. Subsequently, in the Second Anglo-China War, he saved the life of Sir Charles MacGregor as well.Forty-one years in India: From subaltern to commander-in-chief: By Earl Frederick Sleigh Roberts p.
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Clissold, 1957. In 1764, John Garland, another Irish engineer at the service of Spain who was military governor of Valdivia, convinced him to move to the neighbouring, and less established, colony of Chile as his assistant. He was initially commissioned as a junior subaltern in the Spanish army. Following the designs of O'Higgins the mountain huts known as Casuchas del Rey were built in the 1760s to secure communications across the Andes.
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In the sociological article, "Review: Who is Afraid of Edward Said?" (1999) Biswamoy Pati said that in making ethnicity and cultural background the tests of moral authority and intellectual objectivity in studying the Oriental world, Said drew attention to his personal identity as a Palestinian and as a subaltern of the British Empire, in the Near East.Biswamoy Pati, "Review: Who Is Afraid of Edward Said?". Social Scientist, Vol. 27. No. 9/10 (Sept.–Oct.
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The nearby Ragged Staff Guard house could be seen by approaching ships. In the 1840s it was said to be a full-time job for the subaltern who had to inspect all the goods that went through the gates. The gates for pedestrian passage were cut through on both sides of the main gates in 1843 and in 1921. There is debate but no conclusion over the origin of the name "Ragged Staff".
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As a foundation of colonialism, the Us-and-Them binary social relation misrepresented the Orient as backward and irrational lands, and, therefore, in need of the European civilizing mission, to help them become modern, in the Western sense; hence, the Eurocentric discourse of Orientalism excludes the voices of the subaltern natives, the Orientals, themselves.Race and Racialization: Essential Readings by T. Das Gupta, et al. (eds). Toronto: Canadian Scholars Press. 2007.Sharp, Joanne.
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He was born in Grevenbroich, and attended the gymnasium in Kleve. In 1827, he began the study of medicine at the University of Bonn. He was expelled for a rebellious speech and went to the Netherlands where he was recruited for its Indonesian colonies and shipped out as a subaltern to Jakarta. He later (1841) wrote a book on his trip and what he found there: Reise nach Batavia (Voyage to Jakarta).
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In his essay, Agnoli discusses the question, why parliamentarianism does not allow the exploited and subaltern classes to attain power and use it in their favor. He argues that, historically, fascism was the first method of repressing social unrest by integrating the masses and thus allowing for the destruction of parliamentarianism. However, this did not turn out to be a long-term solution. Capital had to revert to parliamentarian forms of government, according to Agnoli.
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The film Pulijanmam is based on N Prabhakaran's play of the same name. Kari Gurukkal, also known as Pulimaranja Thondachan (the great grandfather who turned into tiger), is a folk god of Pulayas, a subaltern community in North Kerala. According to legends, Kari was a master of martial arts and other arts. Envious, the upper caste people ordered him to bring a tiger's mane and tail to cure the madness of the ruler.
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Percival William Williams, who is affectionately called 'Wee Willie Winkie' because of the nursery rhyme, is the only son of the Colonel of the 195th. He makes good friends with a subaltern, whom he nicknames 'Coppy'. One day Wee Willie Winkie confesses to Coppy that he saw him kissing Miss Allardyce, whose father was a Major. Coppy persuaded him to keep silent about the matter since they were engaged, but hadn't announced it, yet.
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Reflections on the History of an Idea. Ed. by Rosalind Russel. This particular body of scholarship is useful to the study and discussion of alternative media due to their shared preoccupation with the ability of disenfranchised peoples to participate and contribute to mainstream hegemonic discourses, especially in regards to ethnic and racial media in which these groups speak from a subaltern position. This connection is strengthened in the work of alternative media scholar Clemencia Rodriguez.
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As students, the Navy's subaltern officers were commanded in turn; an entry qualification was not needed. The Royal Swedish Naval Staff College was discontinued in 1961 and the Royal Swedish Armed Forces Staff College was formed by merging war colleges of the different military branches, namely the Royal Swedish Army Staff College (established 1878), the Royal Swedish Naval Staff College (established 1898) and the Royal Swedish Air Force Staff College (established 1939).
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While some others view that it released first in 1918. And then onwards Ayyavazhi is spread on the base of the teachings of Akilam rather than by oral tradition, which was active until then. Ayyavazhi's fast growth in its first century of existence was noted by Christian missionary reports of the mid-19th century.See the LMS Reports gathered in the article Ayyavazhi in reports by Christian missionaries from the book Religion and Subaltern Agency.
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Lieutenant (; Lt) is a junior officer rank in the British Army and Royal Marines. It ranks above second lieutenant and below captain and has a NATO ranking code of OF-1 and it is the senior subaltern rank. Unlike some armed forces which use first lieutenant, the British rank is simply lieutenant, with no ordinal attached. The rank is equivalent to that of a flying officer in the Royal Air Force (RAF).
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The five Seedars, disciples of Vaikundar and their descendants, traveled to several parts of the country bearing the mission of Ayyavazhi.G. Patrick, Religion and Subaltern Agency, Chapter 5, p. 120 "Vaikunda cami chose these disciples as close associates to propagate his teachings and ideas to the people" Meanwhile, the Payyan dynasty started administrating the Swamithoppe pathi,N. Elango and Vijaya Shanthi Elango, Ayya Vaikuntar – The Light of the World Chapter 4, p.
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Michael Merrick Long (11 October 1947 - 17 April 1991) was an Australian actor on stage, television and movies, as well as voice-only. He appeared in early roles Matlock Police, Homicide, Division 4, Bluey. He starred in the 1971 Australian stage production of Conduct Unbecoming as Subaltern Millington. His television credits included: Cop Shop, Prisoner (as Nick O'Brien), Taurus Rising (as Sam Farrer), Sons and Daughters (as Stephen Morrell) and Richmond Hill (as Craig Connors).
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Lord Vaikundar also offered a strong admonition to the followers of Ayyavazhi against conducting Puja (making offerings to temples and undertaking blood sacrifices to appease evil spirits).G.Patrick's, Religion and Subaltern Agency, Chapter 5, p. 115 This admonition is repeated in several places in Akilattirattuu and Arul Nool. Instructions to give up "devil worship," idol worship, sacrifices of goats, roosters and pigs to deities, offerings of eggs, fried meat and other edibles were explicitly present in Ayyavazhi.
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674) Including English, this gives a total of eleven (counting Taal and Afrikaans together). In his diaries he noted that he learned Italian in 1919, and as a subaltern had learned Hungarian, (Ironside (1972), p. 8); he also notes a conversation with an old man in Persia who "spoke good Urdu" (Ironside (1972), p. 173), strongly suggesting Ironside himself spoke it well enough to pass judgement – as would many of officers who had spent significant time in India.
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His coffin was escorted to Westminster Abbey with full military honours, and he was buried near his home at Hingham, Norfolk. He is commemorated by a memorial plaque in the crypt of St Paul's Cathedral.Ironside 2018, p. 378 Ironside kept a diary throughout his life, starting as a subaltern at the turn of the century, with the goal of keeping a clear recollection of what had happened during the day and allowing him to reflect on the day's events.
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On 10 January 1845, the flagstaff was cut down a second time, this time by Heke. On 17 January, a small detachment of a subaltern and 30 men of the 96th Regiment were landed. A new and stronger flagstaff sheathed in iron was erected on 18 January 1845 and the guard post built around it. Nene and his men provided guards for the flagstaff, but the next morning the flagstaff was felled for the third time.
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The Swiss regiment de Karrer in the Louisbourg Garrison was a considerably complicating element in the town of Louisbourg. The Swiss regiment was not organized in the same manner as the French companies with whom they shared the garrison. The Swiss regiment operated as a larger company with three subaltern officers and nearly 150 men under the command of a captaine-lieutenant. The Swiss regiment had a special status notably in the area of judicial autonomy.
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He was a visiting faculty at the Centre for Studies in Social Sciences, Calcutta. Chakrabarty also serves as a contributing editor for Public Culture, an academic journal published by Duke University Press. He was a member of the Subaltern Studies collective. He has recently made important contributions to the intersections between history and postcolonial theory (Provincializing Europe [PE]), which continues and revises his earlier historical work on working-class history in Bengal (Rethinking Working-Class History).
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The oldest constitutional monarchy dating back to ancient times was that of the Hittites. They were an ancient Anatolian people that lived during the Bronze Age whose king or queen had to share their authority with an assembly, called the Panku, which was the equivalent to a modern-day deliberative assembly or a legislature. Members of the Panku came from scattered noble families who worked as representatives of their subjects in an adjutant or subaltern federal-type landscape.
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German,Tezcan 2012, pp. 21–33.Thurman 2016 and U.S. colonialism. The western European colonial powers claimed that, as Christian nations, they were duty-bound to disseminate Western civilization to what Europeans perceived as the heathen and primitive cultures of the Eastern world. In addition to economic exploitation and imposition of imperialist government, the ideology of the civilizing mission required the cultural assimilation of "primitive peoples", as the nonwhite Other, into the colonial subaltern of Western Europe.
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With the multi-lingual nature of Austro-Hungary, he also studied languages, including Hungarian. Other subjects studied there included fortification, water engineering, mathematics, fencing, swimming and bridge-building. Nolan graduated from the Pioneer School a year early in May 1835, probably following a recommendation from Prince Liechtenstein, and was made a subaltern in the 10th Austrian Hussar regiment. Nolan served in Austria, Hungary and on the Polish frontier, and was again noted for his horsemanship and language skills.
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In 1992 Carr became an Assistant Professor with the Department of English at George Mason University, where he taught until June 1997. He introduced new courses on black literature, and published numerous articles as a subaltern scholar on issues affecting developing countries. His academic focus, however, soon shifted to social studies and social work. Before graduation from UWI in 2001, Carr became Coordinator of the Research and Development Working Group at Jamaica Network of Seropositives (JN+).
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He later entered the Royal Military College, from which he graduated first in his class. He was the only commander of Indonesian descent (Indo) in the Dutch East Indies. Upon graduation, he returned to his native East Indies where he distinguished himself as a young subaltern serving in the KNIL during the bloody campaigns in Aceh. In 1934 he became the KNIL's Chief of the General Staff and, in July 1939, was promoted to Commander-in-Chief.
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The title of Major was held by the adjutant of a battalion or independent company; and Captain was the next grade to colonel, implying the command of a corps. Luftun, or Lieutenant, was the style of the officers commanding companies under the Captain; and then followed the subaltern ranks of Soobadar, Jemadar, and Havildar, without any Ensigns. (Prinsep, p. 86-87) Ranabir Singh Thapa, brother of Bhimsen Thapa, was to be the Sector Commander of Makawanpur-Hariharpur axis.
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Postcolonial Theory and the Specter of Capital is a 2013 book by the Indian sociologist and New York University professor Vivek Chibber. Coming from the radical Enlightenment tradition, this book is a critique of Postcolonial Theory. Chibber focuses on the Subaltern Studies section of the theory, and demonstrates how its foundational arguments are based on a series of political and historical misunderstandings. The book received positive reviews from American linguist Noam Chomsky and Slovenian philosopher Slavoj Zizek.
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The knowledge produced by such discourses became social praxis, which then became reality; by producing a discourse of difference, Europe maintained Western dominance over the non-European Other, using a binary social relation that created and established the Subaltern native, realised by excluding The Other from the production of discourse, between the East and the West.Hall, S. "The West and the Rest: Discourse and Power". Race and Racialization: Essential Readings. Das Gupta, T. et al (eds).
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Kamaraj was arrested again in January 1932 and sentenced to one year's imprisonment.Freedom Movement In Madras Presidency With Special Reference To The Role Of Kamaraj (1920–1945), Page 3 In 1933 Kamaraj was falsely charged in the Virudhunagar bomb case. Varadarajulu Naidu and George Joseph argued on Kamaraj's behalf and proved the charges to be baseless.George Joseph, a true champion of subaltern At the age of 34, Kamaraj entered the Assembly winning the Sattur seat in the 1937 election.
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In 1938, she joined the Auxiliary Territorial Service (ATS). She was commissioned into the ATS as a company commander (equivalent in rank to captain) on 21 December 1938. When the ATS reorganised and granted full military status in 1941, she was made a second subaltern (equivalent in rank to a second lieutenant) on 30 May. She saw active service on the Home Front during World War II, including a posting to the River Forth during the German air raids.
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Descriptive examples are the papyri pAthen and The prophecy of Neferti. In the Neferti-novel, king Sneferu is also depicted as accostable and here, too, the king addresses a subaltern with "my brother". And again the stories of pAthen and the Neferti-novel both report about a bored pharaoh seeking for distraction. Furthermore the novels show how popular the theme of prophesying was since the Old Kingdom – just like in the story of the Westcar Papyrus.
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The second expedition, commanded by Captain Francisco Fernández de Contreras, reached the lands of the Hacaritamas indigenous group and, on July 26, 1572, founded the city of Ocaña, calling it "Santa Ana de Hacarí". Some of his colleagues named it New Madrid, and others Santa Ana of Ocaña. The next year, Antonio Orozco, a subaltern of Fernández, founded the town of Teorama, while the Augustinian Friars founded a convent in what is today the city of Chinácota.
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Tibet was exporting musk, gold, medicinal plants, furs and yak tails to far-flung markets, in exchange for sugar, tea, saffron, Persian turquoise, European amber and Mediterranean coral.Emily T. Yeh,'Living Together in Lhasa: Ethnic Relations, Coercive Amity, and Subaltern Cosmopolitanism,' in Shail Mayaram (ed.) The other global city, Taylor & Francis US. 2009, pp.54-85, pp.58-7. The Qing dynasty army entered Lhasa in 1720, and the Qing government sent resident commissioners, called the Ambans, to Lhasa.
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313-338, p.315. Chinese Muslims lived in a quarter to the south, and Newar merchants from Kathmandu to the north of the Barkhor market. Residents of the Lubu neighbourhood were descended from Chinese vegetable farmers who stayed over after accompanying an Amban from Sichuan in the mid- nineteenth century; some later intermarried with Tibetan women and spoke Tibetan as their first language.Emily T. Yeh,'Living Together in Lhasa: Ethnic Relations, Coercive Amity, and Subaltern Cosmopolitanism,' pp.59-60.
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Earl Frederick Sleigh Roberts Roberts, Forty-one Years in India: From Subaltern to Commander-in- chief, Asian Educational Services, 1897, page 15 It was generally understood that a price had been set on Mackeson's head, although the government denied that was the case. His assassin was tried, and on 1 October 1853 was hanged. By the advice of John Lawrence the murderer's body was burned after it was cut down, and the ashes thrown into a running stream.
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Escobar's approach to anthropology is largely informed by the poststructuralist and postcolonialist traditions and centered around two recent developments: subaltern studies and the idea of a World Anthropologies Network (WAN). His research interests are related to political ecology; the anthropology of development, social movements; Latin American development and politics. Escobar's research uses critical techniques in his provocative analysis of development discourse and practice in general. He also explores possibilities for alternative visions for a postdevelopment era.
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303 round, would be less likely to wound or kill a comrade should the sentry miss. The Snider was notably powerful. Rudyard Kipling gave a graphic depiction of its effect in his poem, "The Grave of the Hundred Head": > A Snider squibbed in the jungle— Somebody laughed and fled, And the men of > the First Shikaris Picked up their Subaltern dead, With a big blue mark in > his forehead And the back blown out of his head.
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It is written in poetic Tamil in a ballad form, and is composed with a unique literal-style with two subgenres, Viruttam and Natai throughout. The secondary scripture, Arul Nool, includes various books that are believed to be written by Arulalarkal (one possessed by divine power).G. Patrick, Religion and Subaltern Agency, Chapter 5, pp. 119–120 It contains prayers, hymns and instructions for the way of worship in Ayyavazhi, as well as rituals prophesy and many acts.
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N. Elango and Vijaya Shanthi Elango, Ayya Vaikuntar the light of the world, Chapter 6 (Thuvayal Panthy), p. 31G. Patrick, Religion and Subaltern Agency, Chapter 5, p. 117 " However, there is also another list which includes Vakaipati in tuvaiyal tavacu's place " There is disagreement among followers of Ayyavazhi regarding the holiness of some other Pathis, such as Vaikunda Pathi and Avathara Pathi. The list of Pathis announced by the headquarters of Ayyavazhi does not include these Pathis.
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The battery fought in Korea throughout the war, including at the Battle of the Imjin River in support of the Royal Ulster Rifles. The Battery Sergeant Major and a subaltern were decorated for bravery during this action. 176 Battery spent most of the post-war years until 1995, garrisoned in Sennelager, near Paderborn in Germany as part of the BAOR. It had various equipments at different times, including the 25 pounder, which were used on active service in Korea.
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On the French side, few of the commanders spoke good English with the exception of Generals Nivelle and Ferdinand Foch. It was in this linguistic fog that the bilingual young subaltern, made his mark. Although only a junior officer (a lieutenant of Hussars), he would get to know senior British and French military and political figures (Churchill, French, Haig, Joffre, Pétain, Reynaud, Robertson etc.) – a fact that would stand him in good stead during later life.Egremont, pp.
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The Ustaše intended to create an ethnically "pure" Croatia, and they viewed the Serbs living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina as the biggest obstacle to this goal. Ustaše ministers Mile Budak, Mirko Puk and Milovan Žanić declared in May 1941 that the goal of the new Ustaše policy was an ethnically pure Croatia. The strategy to achieve their goal was:Jones, Adam & Nicholas A. Robins. (2009), Genocides by The Oppressed: Subaltern Genocide in Theory and Practice, p.
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As I listen to the > subaltern speak in my office on a daily basis and tell me of their imminent > eviction, of their abandonment by family, their struggle to afford > unaffordable blood tests and treatment regimes, the reality of subaltern > studies is woven into the warp and woof of my daily life. Because of his advocacy at international conferences and at meetings of the UNAIDS Reference groups on HIV and Human Rights, other working groups, and advisory committees he was able to raise concerns about the urgency of addressing the needs of vulnerable populations across all nations as part of a global strategy. His presentations at international meetings included his famous “Bullshit Address” presentation in Vienna in July 2010 during closing remarks at the Plenary Session MSMG Forum Pre- Conference Meeting to the International AIDS Conference in Vienna, Austria (You Tube: The Global forum on MSM & HIV: Part 5: Closing Plenary; Robert Carr; Vienna July 2010). Carr became a global champion of the rights of vulnerable populations and worked with international agencies to promote human rights and access to critical services.
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Captain-lieutenant was formerly a rank in the British Army; the senior subaltern rank, above lieutenant and below captain. A regiment's field officers - its colonel, lieutenant colonel, and major - originally commanded their own companies, as well as carrying out their regimental command duties. However, from the 17th century onwards, the colonel increasingly became a patron and ceremonial head instead of an actual tactical commander, with command in the field devolving to the lieutenant colonel. This left the colonel's company without a captain.
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Born the second son of Charles Manningham of Surrey, Manningham began his career as a subaltern in the 39th Foot serving under his uncle, Sir Robert Boyd, at the Siege of Gibraltar. On the outbreak of the French Revolutionary Wars in 1793, he was appointed as Major to the light infantry battalion where he fought in the Caribbean. He became Lieutenant-Colonel of the 81st Foot and then adjutant-general in Santo Domingo, under the command of Lieutenant-General Forbes.Taylor, C. (1810).
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Ed. George Panthanmackel # Truth, Power, Money: A Postmodern Reading # Philosophical Methods: Through the Prevalent to a Relevant # Subaltern Perspectives: Philosophizing in Context # Pluralism of Pluralism: A Pluralistic Probe into Philosophizing # Romancing the Sacred: Towards an Indian Christian Philosophy of Religion # Culture as Gift and Task: Philosophical Reflections in the Indian Context. Ed. Keith D'Souza # Enigma of Indian Tribal Life and Culture: Philosophical Investigations. Ed. Vincent Aind # Violence and its Victims: A Challenge to Philosophizing in the Indian Context. Ed. Ivo Coelho.
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The Skyros cross is now at Rugby School with the memorials of other Old Rugbeians. Brooke's surviving brother, William Alfred Cotterill Brooke, fell in action on the Western Front on 14 June 1915 as a subaltern with the 1/8th (City of London) of the London Regiment (Post Office Rifles), at the age of 24 years. He had been in France on active service for nineteen days before meeting his death. His body was buried in Fosse 7 Military Cemetery (Quality Street), Mazingarbe.
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Although Glasse was banned from attending social events by her grandmother, she began a relationship with an older man: John Glasse. He was a 30-year-old Irish subaltern then on half-pay who had previously been employed by Lord Polwarth; John was a widower. On 4 August 1724 the couple were secretly married by special licence. Her family found out about the marriage a month later, when she moved out of her grandmother's house and in with her husband in Piccadilly.
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Kim notes that the VOI publications have been integral resources behind the anti-Muslim and anti-Christian campaigns of the Indian Hindu-right. Malini Parthasarathy notes them to be at the forefront of the resurgence of Hindu nationalism in India. Other scholars have noted its books to pursue a revisionist project centered around an "epistemic obsession with primordial Aryanism". Bergunder deems these non- scholarly revisionist attempts as a tool to fulfill their broader ideological agenda of rejecting the subaltern discourse.
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The novel deals with the condition of marginalized groups in society pointed out as subalterns by Marxist Antonio Gramsci. The living and existential conditions of these groups are seldom acknowledged by the society at large and generally they are displaced from their places of stay and livelihoods, usually in the name of development and change. This transformation in their existential struggle is narrated by Annie, the central character, who gives voice to three generations of her subaltern group albeit with a feminine perspective.
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This was an attempt to subdue the Waziri tribesman who had frequently attacked the British settlement at Tank close to the Indian border with Afghanistan, the "North-West Frontier". For his services on the expedition, Stafford was again mentioned in despatches. In October 1882, Stafford returned to England, taking up the post of Assistant Instructor in Survey at the School of Military Engineering at Chatham in March 1883, despite still being a subaltern. He was promoted to captain on 8 January 1885.
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The Image of a Man: The Creation of Modern Masculinity. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996, 7. Nationalism and the structure and expansion of the state are closely related, and institutions like the military as well as state projects such as imperialism and colonialism are often dominated by male participants. Shirin M. Rai has also pointed out how economic development tied to nation-building projects in postcolonial contexts is often gendered as masculine, ultimately devaluing the economic stability of women and subaltern men.
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His works are influential in various theoretical, social, and historiographical contexts. His work is a staple of subaltern studies, and he figures as a pioneering and influential voice in postcolonial literature.Said, Edward, Culture and Imperialism, London: Chatto & Windus, 1993, p. 54. A tireless political activist, James is the author of the 1937 work World Revolution outlining the history of the Communist International, which stirred debate in Trotskyist circles, and in 1938 he wrote on the Haitian Revolution, The Black Jacobins.
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Madison served with the Kentucky militia during the Northwest Indian War. He was a subaltern in Arthur St. Clair's army in the American defeat at the Battle of the Wabash on November 4, 1791. During the retreat, a soldier named William Kennan found Madison sitting on a log. Kennan was being pursued by Indians and admonished Madison to run, but Madison, who was already known to be of frail constitution, stood to reveal that he had been badly wounded and was bleeding profusely.
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Karl Wilhelm Friedrich August Leopold Graf von Werder (12 September 1808 - 12 September 1887) was a Prussian general. Werder was born in Schloßberg near Norkitten in the Province of East Prussia. He entered the Prussian Gardes du Corps in 1825, transferring the following year into the Guard Infantry, with which he served for many years as a subaltern. In 1839 he was appointed an instructor in the Cadet Corps, and later he was employed in the topographical bureau of the Great General Staff.
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112 and after two years in the institution he graduated as a staff officer.Dover, p. 31 Promotion prospects during the interwar years were limited, and although he received above average grades in his annual reports, he remained a subaltern for fifteen years, until he was promoted to the rank of captain in the Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry (DCLI) on 26 February 1930. In February 1932, Gale was seconded for service as a General Staff Officer Grade 3 (GSO3) in India.
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During the 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine Bredin was a subaltern with the 2nd Royal Ulster Rifles in Upper Galilee. The Army was charged with protecting Jewish settlements and tracking down Arab insurgents. Bredin took part in counter-insurgency with Major Orde Wingate's Special Night Squads. He was awarded the Military Cross in a clash at a notorious ambush point on the Tulkarm-Nablus road, in April 1938, and a Bar to the award a month later in a similar action.
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From a postcolonial perspective, however, such theoretical debates revealed the irrelevance of first world feminists, with their phallocentric preoccupations, to the ordinary life of the subaltern woman in the Third World;P. Mackay, Kathy Acker and Transnationalism (2009) p. 94 and third-wave feminism, with its concern for the marginalised, the particular, and for intersectionality, has also broadly seen the theoreticism and essentialism of feminism's earlier concern for phallocentrism as irrelevant to daily female experience.L. Heywood, Third Wave Agenda (1997) p.
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Subsequent to the introduction of the economic development policies, the influx of migrants has dramatically altered the city's ethnic mix in Lhasa.Emily T. Yeh,'Living Together in Lhasa: Ethnic Relations, Coercive Amity, and Subaltern Cosmopolitanism,' p.70. In 2000 the urbanised area covered , with a population of around 170,000. Official statistics of the metropolitan area report that 70 percent are Tibetan, 34.3 are Han, and the remaining 2.7 Hui, though outside observers suspect that non-Tibetans account for some 50–70 percent.
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Captain J. J. Gordon Bremer set sail on from Port Jackson on the 24 August 1824 to colonise the northern part of Australia. His ship was accompanied by , and . The ships transported Captain Maurie Barlow, Lieutenant John Septimus Roe, Lieutenant Everard and 23 men of the 3rd Regiment, a subaltern and 26 men of the Royal Marine, a surgeon, three commissariat workers, three free men seeking adventure and 44 convicts. The construction of a settlement began upon arrival on 27 September 1824.
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He was born in Barrackpore, India, the son of Dr. John Browne, a surgeon of the Bengal Medical Service and his wife Charlotte (née Swinton). Browne joined the 46th Bengal Native Infantry as a subaltern, participating in action at Ramnuggar, Sadoolapore, Chillianwalla and Gujrat. In 1849 he was made a lieutenant and tasked with raising a cavalry force, to be designated the 2nd Punjab Irregular Cavalry and later incorporated into the regular force. He would command this unit for the next five years.
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He attended the Commando Training Centre Royal Marines and was commissioned into the Royal Marines as a 2nd lieutenant in 1983. He then served as a troop commander in 45 Commando, where he was captain of the judo team and had the opportunity to serve as an honour guard subaltern to Queen Elizabeth II . He is trained in mountain and Arctic warfare. After qualifying as a weapon training officer, he then attended the Academic Professional Studies course at Britannia Royal Naval College, Dartmouth.
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Namjar Namjar was a Military Governor in charge of the Reconciliation of Rebels; Duke of the Third Rank; and President of the Board of Works. According to the scroll, he gave his life for his country and was a brave and loyal man. Namjar was of Mongol descent and belonged to the Plain White Banner. Namjar started his military service as a banner man and later rose in the ranks becoming a Subaltern of the Guards designated by the wearing a blue feather.
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Even now charity is one of the main activities conducted in these centers.G.Patrick's Religion and Subaltern Agency Chapter 5, Page - 118. Even now charity is one of the main activities conducted in these centers. Nizhal Thangal of Kokkanchi, one among the famous Thangals is western Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu. These Nizhal Thangals formed place in the socio-religious life of the people. All the people were brought together here irrespective of caste distinctions which was not usual at that period of time.
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For example, the narrative on the origin of the Santror Makkal as the children of Narayana endowed the people with a divine pedigree, and it was a powerful story to drive home the message that the people were a dignified humanity. Some of the rituals that emerged in the life of Ayyavazhi were aimed at indoctrinating the message of human dignity. Wearing a piece of headgear during worship is an example of one of these rituals.G. Patrick's, Religion and Subaltern Agency, Chapter 5, p.
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General Francis Frankland Whinyates (30 June 1796 – 22 January 1887) was a British Army general of the 19th century. Whinyates entered the East India Company's service at the age of sixteen, and was gazetted as lieutenant- fireworker in the Madras artillery in July 1813. After serving in Ceylon and against the Pindáris, he took part in the Mahratta war of 1817–19 as a subaltern in A troop horse artillery, and received the medal with clasp for Maheidpoor (21 Dec. 1817). Promoted captain on 24 Oct.
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In October 1916, he re-enlisted with the British Army and received training with an Officer Cadet Battalion in Cambridge, subsequently receiving a commission in January 1917, as a subaltern with the 10th (Service) Battalion, of the Somerset Light Infantry Regiment, a home service battalion, with which he served as a training officer for the rest of 1917, the permanent infirmity of his 1915 wounds preventing further active service at the front.'Famous 1914–1918', by Richard Van Emden & Vic Piuk (Pub. Pen & Sword, 2009).
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In 1951, Burch was commissioned into the Essex Regiment. He was sent to Korea in 1953 with the 1st Battalion as his patrol's platoon commander, building defences along the Korean ceasefire line for over a year. The 1st Essex later moved to Hong Kong where 'he exercised his authority as senior subaltern without fear or favour'. In 1954, the Essex Regiment merged into what became the Royal Anglian Regiment following which Burch held a junior staff appointment in Kenya before attending the Staff College, Camberley.
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Haji Sudi retired to the interior of Somaliland in the summer of 1897, after his headman career was abruptly ended after the Somali Coast administration imprisoned him on the recommendations of one Bertram Robert Mitford Glossop a big game hunter.Sporting trips of a subaltern by Glossop, Bertram Robert Mitford, 1906. p. 92-93 He retired to the interior to his hamlet among his brothers Baashe and Qeybdiid. Sometime between 1897 and 1898 Baashe his brother was killed in a tribal war with the neighboring Dolbahanta clan.
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Born on 7 February 1764 in Parma in the Duchy of Parma, Trelliard's parents, François de Treillard and Marie Anne de Cutry, were minor nobility. Baptised two days later, his godparents were François-Charles de Rochechouart and Marquise Malaspina della Bastia. On 6 November 1780, he joined the Reine (Queen's) Regiment of Dragoons as a gentleman cadet. Advancement was slow and he only became a sous lieutenant in 1785, a second lieutenant in 1788, a lieutenant subaltern in 1789, and a first lieutenant in 1791.
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However, unlike the Scholae, these designations no longer appear after, and they may have been of brief existence. The subaltern Domestic of the Excubitors may either by a copyist error, or, according to Vera von Falkenhausen, indicate a subordinate official in charge of Excubitors stationed in the provinces; indeed such provincial detachments are attested, albeit only for the theme of Longobardia in southern Italy and of Hellas in Greece. The Domestic was assisted by a topotērētēs (τοποτηρητής, lit. "placeholder", "lieutenant") and a chartoularios (χαρτουλάριος, "secretary").
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Emily T. Yeh, Living Together in Lhasa. Ethnic Relations, Coercive Amity, and Subaltern Cosmopolitanism : "Lhasa’s 1950s population is also frequently estimated at around thirty thousand. At that time the city was a densely packed warren of alleyways branching off from the Barkor path, only three square kilometers in area. The Potala Palace and the village of Zhöl below it were considered separate from the city." In 1953, according to the first population census, Lhasa had about 30,000 residents (including 4,000 beggars, but not including 15,000 monks).
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Charles O'Hara was born in Lisbon, Portugal, the illegitimate son of The 2nd Baron Tyrawley (who was eventually promoted Field Marshal in 1763) and his Portuguese mistress. Charles was sent to Westminster School. On 23 December 1752, at the age of twelve—a young but not uncommon age for a subaltern of the era—he became a cornet in the 3rd Dragoons. He became a lieutenant in the 2nd Regiment of the Coldstream Guards on 14 January 1756 shortly before major warfare broke out in Europe.
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Lieutenant General Sir Frederick Edgworth Morgan, (5 February 1894 – 19 March 1967) was a senior officer of the British Army who fought in both world wars. He is best known as the chief of staff to the Supreme Allied Commander (COSSAC), the original planner of Operation Overlord. A graduate of the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, Morgan was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Royal Field Artillery in 1913. During the First World War he served on the Western Front as an artillery subaltern and staff officer.
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Singh wrote a PhD thesis on Birsa Munda, the leader of an insurgency campaign against British rule. To do this he had to rely significantly on folk-lore and other forms of oral history practised by the tribal inhabitants of the Jharkhand area of Bihar, where in total he spent 15 years conducting fieldwork. Although Singh considered Damodar Dharmananda Kosambi to be the first mainstream subaltern historian, Sinha notes that Singh himself may have been. He went on to produce other works on tribal history.
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Ceylon gained dominion status in 1948 with a peaceful struggle, the passage to sovereignty from the British to the Sri Lankan subaltern elite being a peaceful one. For the first years of independence, there was an attempt to balance the interests of the elites of the main communities: the Sinhalese and the Tamils. Most Sinhalese did, however, harbour the view that the Tamils had enjoyed a privileged position under the British. Some have described this being mainly due to the British policy of "divide and rule".
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Although William C. Davis records that Breckinridge had previously served as an ensign in the Botetourt County militia, Harrison notes that the most reliable records of Virginians' military service do not indicate his participation in the Revolutionary War, but less reliable sources mention him as a subaltern in the Virginia militia.Davis, p. 4.Harrison in John Breckinridge: Jeffersonian Republican, p. 20. If he enlisted, Harrison speculates that he served in one or two short 1780 militia campaigns supporting Nathanael Greene's army in southwest Virginia.
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Modern scholarship suggests that the dioikētai were rewarded by the practice known as synētheia, a fee representing a fixed portion of the taxes they raised. In addition to the dioikētai of the genikon, dioikētai of the mētata () are also attested as subaltern officials of the logothetēs tōn agelōn, the minister responsible for the state-run horse and mule farms (mētata). In the fiscal administration, the dioikētēs was replaced after 1109 by the praktōr. A variant of the title survived into the Palaiologan period as the megas dioikētēs.
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These issues factored into the Mexican–American War, as the U. S. had designs on this part of the coast.Gilbert M. Joseph, "The United States, Feuding Elites, and Rural Revolt in Yucatán, 1836–1915" in Rural Revolt in Mexico: U.S. Intervention and the Domain of Subaltern Politics, expanded edition, Daniel Nugent, ed. Durham: Duke University Press 1998 pp. 173–206. The U.S. Navy contributed to the war by controlling the coast and clearing the way for U.S. troops and supplies, especially to Mexico's main port of Veracruz.
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Salmond, a subaltern in the East India Company's Forces, was commissioned into the British Army in 1796. He was appointed Adjutant of the 1st Regiment of Royal East India Volunteers later that year. He was appointed Military Secretary to the East India Company in 1809The military in British India: the development of British Land Forces in South Asia, 1600-1947 By T. A. Heathcote, Page265 Manchester University Press, 1995, and promoted to Major-General in 1837. He also wrote a history of the Anglo- Mysore Wars.
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The musical premiered in the United States on Broadway at the Broadhurst Theatre on 30 September 1964 and closed on 16 January 1965 after 125 performances. It was seen there by actor and former subaltern Basil Rathbone, who wrote to Charles Chilton that "we were duped, it was a disgusting war". Directed by Littlewood, the cast featured Spinetti and Murphy, plus Barbara Windsor. It received four Tony Award nominations: for Best Musical, Best Direction, Best Featured Actress, and Best Featured Actor, winning Best Featured Actor.
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Gyan Prakash (born 1952) is a historian of modern India and the Dayton- Stockton Professor of History at Princeton University. Prakash is a member of the Subaltern Studies collective. Prakash received his Bachelor of Arts degree in history from the University of Delhi in 1973, his Master's degree in history from Jawaharlal Nehru University in 1975, and his doctorate in history from the University of Pennsylvania in 1984. His field of research concerns urban modernity, genealogies of modernity, and problems of postcolonial thought and politics.
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Bullock was born at 81 East Street, Chichester, England on 6 September 1898. He was educated at Cliff House Preparatory School in Southbourne, went to Sherborne School (Dorset) and later attended the Royal Military College, from where he joined the 18th Bengal Lancers in 1916 as a subaltern officer. During the First World War, he served in the Fifth Cavalry Division in France and Belgium and in the Desert Mounted Corps in Palestine and Syria. Bullock was the official cinematographer for General Allenby's arrival in Aleppo.
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Through hotly controversial Hauptmann's first performances and many pieces of the naturalistic period, Brahm and his cast rose to what they undoubtedly considered to be the pinnacle of their achievement: the peculiar and pompous cycle of Ibsen. [However], Brahm was not a director. This position, which is unknown in our current sense, was more the role of a subaltern. Brahm sat in on the rehearsals in the dark auditorium and tried to bring his actors to where he wanted them by talking after rehearsing.
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According to Nikolaos Oikonomides, the alterations made to the seals of the kommerkiarioi are to be attributed to Emperor Leo III the Isaurian (r. 717–741), who executed a systematic campaign of restoring state control over activities that were previously controlled by private interests.. After the middle of the 8th century, these kommerkia only appear in Macedonia and Thrace. By the end of the 7th century, the kommerkiarioi decreased in importance. According to the Kletorologion of Philotheos, they are mentioned as subaltern officials of the genikon logothesion.
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The History of Ayyavazhi traces the religious history of Ayyavazhi, a belief- system originated in the mid-19th century in Southern India. Ayyavazhi came to be noticed by the large number of people gathering to worship Ayya Vaikundar in the middle of the 19th century. The majority of the followers of Ayyavazhi were from marginalised and poor sections of society.G.Patrick's, Religion and Subaltern Agency, Chapter 5, page 90 Right from the beginning of its development Ayyavazhi was seen in competition by the Christian missionaries on their mission.
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Most of the rituals have different operational and historical meanings.G. Patrick, Religion and Subaltern Agency, p. 19 Historically, the rituals were used or viewed as an attempt to break the caste-based inequalities prevailed in the society of the time, and to strengthen and uplift the sociologically downtrodden and ill-treated. Examples of this include the charity on food as 'Anna Dharmam' , physical as well as spiritual cleanliness through Thuvayal Thavasu,The Quarterly Journal of the Mythic Society (1986), Published by 'Mythic Society', Bangalore, India, v.
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He was the professor of political science and served as a director of the Centre for Studies in Social Sciences, Calcutta and is currently a professor (honorary) of the CSSSC and professor of anthropology and South Asian studies at Columbia University in New York. He was a founder- member of the Subaltern Studies Collective. He is a joint-editor of Baromash, a biannual Bengali literary journal published from Calcutta. In addition to numerous books in English, he has published collections of essays in Bengali.
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The "subaltern school", was begun in the 1980s by Ranajit Guha and Gyan Prakash. It focuses attention away from the elites and politicians to "history from below", looking at the peasants using folklore, poetry, riddles, proverbs, songs, oral history and methods inspired by anthropology. It focuses on the colonial era before 1947 and typically emphasises caste and downplays class, to the annoyance of the Marxist school. More recently, Hindu nationalists have created a version of history to support their demands for "Hindutva" ("Hinduness") in Indian society.
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Afro-pessimism is a critical framework that describes the ongoing effects of racism, colonialism, and historical processes of enslavement including the Trans-Atlantic slave trade and their impact on structural conditions as well as personal, subjective, and lived experience and embodied reality. It is particularly applicable to U.S. contexts. According to the 2018 Oxford Bibliography entry on Afro-pessimism written by Patrice Douglass, Selamawit D. Terrefe, and Frank B. Wilderson III, Afro-pessimism can be understood as “a lens of interpretation that accounts for civil society’s dependence on anti- black violence—a regime of violence that positions black people as internal enemies of civil society.” This violence, they argue, “cannot be analogized with the regimes of violence that disciplines the Marxist subaltern, the postcolonial subaltern, the colored but nonblack Western immigrant, the nonblack queer, or the nonblack woman.” According to Wilderson, the scholar who coined the term as it functions most popularly today, Afro-pessimism theorizes blackness as a position of, using the language of scholar Saidiya Hartman, "accumulation and fungibility"; that is, as a condition of—or relation to—ontological death, as opposed to a cultural identity or human subjectivity.
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Grolman was born in Berlin. He entered an infantry regiment at the age of thirteen years, was commissioned as an ensign in 1795, a second lieutenant in 1797, a first lieutenant in 1804, and a staff- captain in 1805. While still a subaltern, he had become one of Scharnhorst's intimate friends, and he was distinguished for his energetic and fearless character before the War of 1806. He served as a staff officer from Jena to the Peace of Tilsit and won the rank of major for distinguished service in action.
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The plot thickens, in that the woman - who obviously knows him well - seems not quite a lady. The Colonel is perturbed - the narrator says that watching the Senior Subaltern's face "was rather like seeing a man hanged, but much more interesting." When she is challenged to produce her marriage certificate, she fetches a paper from her bosom, challenging "'my husband - my lawfully wedded husband - [to] read it aloud - if he dare!'". When he does, it says: "This is to certify that I, the Worm, have paid in full my debts to the Senior Subaltern...".
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Arvasi taught in Van for 30 years after which he moved to Istanbul as the Russian Army had invaded the eastern part of the country.Itzchak Weismann, The Naqshbandiyya: Orthodoxy and Activism in a Worldwide Sufi Tradition, p 152 Arvasi taught in various madrasas and mosques of Istanbul for many years. One of his most famous students was Necip Fazıl Kısakürek.Touraj Atabaki, The State and the Subaltern: Modernization, Society and the State in Turkey, p 131 Arvasi died in Ankara in 1943Riva Kastoryano, Turkey Between Nationalism and Globalization, p 55.
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Ludendorff at the age of 17 in 1882 In 1885, Ludendorff was commissioned as a subaltern into the 57th Infantry Regiment, then at Wesel. Over the next eight years, he was promoted to lieutenant and saw further service in the 2nd Marine Battalion, based at Kiel and Wilhelmshaven, and in the 8th Grenadier Guards at Frankfurt on the Oder. His service reports reveal the highest praise, with frequent commendations. In 1893, he entered the War Academy, where the commandant, General Meckel, recommended him to the General Staff, to which he was appointed in 1894.
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There has also been considerable attention paid to the genre of testimonio, texts produced in collaboration with subaltern subjects such as Rigoberta Menchú. Finally, a new breed of chroniclers is represented by the more journalistic Carlos Monsiváis and Pedro Lemebel. The region boasts six Nobel Prize winners: in addition to the two Chilean poets Gabriela Mistral (1945) and Pablo Neruda (1971), there is also the Guatemalan novelist Miguel Angel Asturias (1967), the Colombian writer Gabriel García Márquez (1982), the Mexican poet and essayist Octavio Paz (1990), and the Peruvian novelist Mario Vargas Llosa (2010).
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The Alternative is divided into three parts: # The non- capitalist path to an industrial society # Anatomy of socialism # Strategy for a communist alternative The introduction begins with the premise that the Communist movement did not lead to the theoretically expected situation, but instead continued on the capitalist path with only superficial changes. "Alienation and the subaltern mentality of the working masses continue on a new level." The book analyzes the reasons for this, and offers solutions. The first part is a historical analysis of the development of socialism in the Soviet Union.
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Nicholas Haussegger (1729 - July 1786) was a native of Hanover who arrived in the British Colonies in North America about 1744 as a subaltern officer in the British army during the French and Indian War. After the war he purchased a farm in Lebanon county and became a leader in the local Pennsylvania German community. At the beginning of the American Revolutionary War Haussegger joined the 4th Pennsylvania Battalion as a field officer. He was placed in command of the German Battalion, a unit of ethnic Germans from Pennsylvania and Maryland, on July 17, 1776.
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David Arnold (born 1 October 1946) is a historian and has held the position of Professor of Asian and Global History at Warwick University since 2006. Previously he held the position of professor of South Asian History at the University of London's School of Oriental and African Studies. He was one of the founding members of the subaltern studies group in the 1970s, remembered by Ranajit Guha in 1993 as "an assortment of marginalised academics". Arnold contributed seven articles in total to the publication and co-edited the eighth volume with David Hardiman in 1994.
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Porteous entered the University of Edinburgh as first bursar in 1916, but his studies were interrupted by World War I service in France, where he served as a subaltern in the 13th (Service) Battalion, The Royal Scots. He graduated from the University with first class honours in Classics in 1922. After time spent studying and teaching in Oxford, St Andrews and Germany, he rejoined the University in 1935 when he was appointed to the Chair of Old Testament Language, Literature and Theology. In 1954, Porteous was president of the Society for Old Testament Study.
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The guard is located along the Line Wall Curtain, and immediately beyond Southport Ditch immediately south of South Bastion, next to Ragged Staff Gates and the Navy boat sheds. It was detached some hundreds of yards from all buildings, and supplied no posts within the city's gates. The guard house could be seen by approaching ships. In the 1840s it was said to be a full-time job for the subaltern who was stationed here above a long flight of steps as he had to inspect every good that went through Ragged Staff Gates.
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Gandhi pled for a new hermeneutics of Indian scriptures and philosophy, observing that "there are ample religious literature both in Astika and Nastika religions supporting for a pluralistic approach to religious and cultural diversity". The orthodox Advaita Vedanta, and the heterodox Jain concept Anekantavada provided him concepts for an "integral approach to religious pluralism". He regarded Advaita as a universal religion ("dharma") which could unite both the orthodox and nationalistic religious interpretations, as the subaltern alternatives. Hereby Gandhi offers an interpretation of Hindutva which is basically different from the Sangh Parivar-interpretation.
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Lawrence Ah Mon or Lawrence Lau Kwok Cheong (劉國昌) (born 1949) is a Hong Kong film director. His films are notable for their lurid exploration of the problems of the poor in modern Hong Kong, such as Gangs (1986), Spacked Out (2000), Gimme Gimme (2001) and City Without Baseball (2008). He has also made several films about colonial and postcolonial subaltern history in Hong Kong, such as the Lee Rock series (starring Andy Lau) and Queen of Temple Street (1990). He was born in Pretoria, South Africa.
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6-2 Guards, who maintain the 'present arms' position, the long trooping, especially on a hot day, requires stamina. As this is done the Massed Bands move back in slow time to their original places. Eventually the Escort arrives back at its original position as No. 1 Guard - from where it first marched off in quick time. Their Captain, who had temporarily ceded his command to the Subaltern, resumes his command over No. 1 Guard by ordering them to present arms, thus bringing the Escort back in line with Nos.
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Tipu Sultan Kanda Kanasu (English: The Dreams of Tipu Sultan) is a 1997Abha Shukla Kaushik, "Subaltern Historiography: Girish Karnad’s Dreams of Tipu Sultan", Impressions 4.1 (2010). Accessed 13 September 2014. Kannada play written by Indian playwright Girish Karnad. The play has been performed many times but different groups around the world but mostly in India and Pakistan. The story follows the last days as well as the historic moments in the life of the Ruler of Mysore, Tipu Sultan, (1750–1799) through the eyes of an Indian court historian and a British Oriental scholar.
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After studies at the gymnasium in Odense he entered the Danish army as subaltern in 1864 and fought in the Danish-German war. At the end of 1864 he joined the Imperial Mexican Volunteer Corps and fell into captivity of the Mexican Republicans at the end of the month-long siege of Oaxaca. He was freed in 1867, rejoined the Danish army as lieutenant and had himself posted in the Danish Antilles, where he served until his retirement, as captain, in 1885. In 1873 he married Mathilde Camilla Stakemann.
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On the outbreak of the War of 1812 he joined the 3rd Regiment of York Militia as a Subaltern and was seriously wounded at the Battle of Queenston Heights. He was carried from the battlefield to a nearby village by John Cawthra where his wounds were hurriedly dressed. Because of an infection caused by the late removal of a bullet he was not fit to fight when the Americans attacked York in April, 1813. McLean buried the York militia's colours in the woods and escaped to Kingston, Ontario.
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Spiessgasse (pike-alley), from the Frundsberger War Book of Jost Amman, 1525 A very similar military punishment found in later armies was known as "running the gauntlet". The condemned soldier was stripped to the waist and had to pass between a double row (hence also known as die Gasse, "the alley") of cudgeling or switching comrades. A subaltern walked in front of him with a blade to prevent him from running. The condemned might sometimes also be dragged through by a rope around the hands or prodded along by a pursuer.
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Emerging voices include Fernando Ampuero, Miguel Gutierrez, Edgardo Rivera Martinez, Jaime Marchán and Manfredo Kempff. There has also been considerable attention paid to the genre of testimonio, texts produced in collaboration with subaltern subjects such as Rigoberta Menchú. Finally, a new breed of chroniclers is represented by the more journalistic Carlos Monsiváis and Pedro Lemebel, who draw also on the long-standing tradition of essayistic production as well as the precedents of engaged and creative non-fiction represented by the Uruguayan Eduardo Galeano and the Mexican Elena Poniatowska, among others.
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After graduating from Sandhurst in May 1898, Brooke-Popham was gazetted to the Oxfordshire Light Infantry in the rank of second lieutenant, and the following year promoted to lieutenant on 24 November 1899. As a subaltern he saw active service in the Second Boer War during 1899 and 1900 and on 26 April 1902 he was seconded for further duty in South Africa. During his time there he served in the Orange Free State, the Transvaal, the Orange River Colony, and Cape Colony. He was promoted captain on 9 November 1904.
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Their high mayors or corregidores were directly appointed in Guatemala, and their faculties were those of minor governorates. This condition was maintained until 1786 when the intendancy regime was created in the Kingdom of Guatemala. In 1786, the High Mayor of Nicoya was once again united to the Province of Nicaragua, when it was incorporated as a party to the Intendency of León, created as a political- administrative dependency of the Kingdom of Guatemala, through the Royal Decree of December 23, 1786 The Party of Nicoya was under the government of a Subaltern Political Chief.
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10 This was changed late in 1940 to three batteries each of eight guns.Pemberton (1951), p. 36 Perhaps the most important element of a battery was the Forward Observation Officer (FOO), who directed fire. Unlike most armies of the period, in which artillery observers could only request fire support, a British Army FOO (who was supposedly a captain but could even be a subaltern) could demand it, not merely from his own battery, but from the full regiment, or even the entire field artillery of a division if required.
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Under the British Empire, English was the language of rule in Ceylon (now known as Sri Lanka since 1972). Until the passage of the Free Education Bill in 1944, education in the English language was the preserve of the subaltern elite and the ordinary people had little knowledge of it. A disproportionate number of English-language schools were located in the mostly Tamil-speaking north. Thus, English-speaking Tamils held a higher percentage of coveted Ceylon Civil Service jobs, which required English fluency, than their share of the island's population.
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Sir Gilbert Mackereth (19 October 1892 – 11 January 1962) was a decorated British Army officer of the First World War who subsequently served as a British diplomat, most notably as Ambassador to Colombia from 1947 to 1953. He began his army service in the ranks in 1914 but after being commissioned in 1916 rapidly rose through the ranks and became a battalion commander. As a subaltern he was decorated for the rescue of a group of soldiers under heavy fire in 1917. He left the army on 24 April 1919 and joined the diplomatic service.
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In 1911, on his return to Scotland, he established himself in a studio with William MacDonald, a bronze founder. During World War 1 he served with the British Army as a subaltern in the Royal Field Artillery and the Intelligence Corps in Egypt and Palestine, being Mentioned in Dispatches. After the war he received numerous commissions to design war memorials and these extend across the whole width and breadth of Scotland. He was appointed as "supervising sculptor" for the Scottish National War Memorial, which was planned and built within Edinburgh Castle between 1919 and 1927.
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Chasqui is a biannual literary magazine established in 1972 and covering Latin American and Latinx literature. It primarily publishes essays but also poetry, translations, comics, and book and film reviews, in English, Spanish, or Portuguese. The scholarly essays focus on significant theoretical issues in the analysis of Latin American cultural production, with emphasis on Latina American literature and that of the diaspora, as well as Latinx philosophy. The journal encourages interdisciplinary work that bridges national and linguistic divisions, subaltern studies, feminism, queer theory, Chicano studies, Latinx popular culture, and US minority topics.
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European artists in the eighteenth century produced many images for their own native markets, showing the widows as heroic women, and moral exemplars."The Representation of Sati: Four Eighteenth Century Etchings by Baltazard Solvyns" by Robert L. Hardgrave, Jr. Bengal Past and Present, 117 (1998): 57–80. In Jules Verne's novel Around the World in Eighty Days, Phileas Fogg rescues Princess Aouda from forced sati. In her article "Can the Subaltern Speak?" philosopher Gayatri Spivak discusses the British manipulation of sati practice,Gayatri Spivak: Deconstruction and the Ethics of Postcolonial Literary Interpretation p.
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Based at the RMAS, this module consists primarily of a prolonged field exercise, followed by drill training in preparation for the passing out parade. On successful completion of Module D, the Officer Cadets receive their Commission and become Second Lieutenants. Further training that is required prior to them being considered for operational deployment and promotion to Lieutenant includes: Post Commissioning Training (formerly known as Module 5), again run at an OTC, over 3 weekends. Special To Arm training is specific to the type of unit the Subaltern is joining and covers a 2-week period.
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Among the lower ranks within each tagma were two further classes of subaltern officers, the bandophoroi (βανδοφόροι, "banner-bearers") and the mandatores (μανδάτορες, "messengers"). Each tagma numbered forty of the bandophoroi, divided into four different classes of ten, with differing titles in each unit. For the Vigla in particular, these titles can be traced to the standard Roman cavalry ranks of the 5th–6th centuries. These were: the bandophoroi, the labourisioi (λαβουρίσιοι, a corruption of 6th-century labarēsioi, "carriers of the labarum"), the sēmeiophoroi (σημειοφόροι, "bearers of an insigne", cf.
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The subaltern realism theory advocates that third world states are generally weak, and are often economically and militarily dependent on external benefactors, mostly industrialized states. Therefore, third world states are more concerned with relative gains and short-term benefits than long-term benefits and absolute gains. Additionally, third world states interactions are limited to their immediate neighborhood, especially in the security sphere, and as such they will choose to interact with other states who possess similar characteristics. They are therefore much less concerned with security matters of an international level.
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'Ensign (; Late Middle English, from Old French enseigne (12c.) "mark, symbol, signal; flag, standard, pennant", from Latin insignia (plural)) is a junior rank of a commissioned officer in the armed forces of some countries, normally in the infantry or navy. As the junior officer in an infantry regiment was traditionally the carrier of the ensign flag, the rank acquired the name. This rank has generally been replaced in army ranks by second lieutenant. Ensigns were generally the lowest ranking commissioned officer, except where the rank of subaltern existed.
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For the previous five years, he had been serving as a subaltern officer in The Manchester Regiment commanding an infantry platoon in Yorkshire, Egypt, Palestine and Singapore. In 1934 an inheritance enabled him to channel his surplus energy and enthusiasms into other fields as well. He flew his Miles Whitney Straight aircraft as far as Egypt, Singapore, and Bali. During March 1937, he flew aerial reconnaissance flights over the harbor at Benghazi, North Africa, taking photographs which were later used by the Royal Air Force during the Second World War.
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Having taken his B.A. and M.A., the young Gleig took holy orders in 1820. He became curate of Westwell, Kent, and was later appointed to two additional parishes, as curate of Ash and as Rector of Ivychurch. He wrote a series of articles for Blackwood's Magazine on his Peninsular War experiences; they were collected into a book, published in 1825 as The Subaltern. In 1821 he authored an account of his experiences in the USA as The Campaigns of the British Army at Washington and New Orleans under Generals Ross, Pakenham and Lambert.
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Although only a subaltern, Engolfopoulos took over command of Nirefs and led his vessel to the Middle East, where he joined the forces of the Greek government-in-exile. For this initiative he received his second War Cross on 14 September 1944. He then served as executive officer on board the destroyer Pindos, with which he participated in the Battle of the Mediterranean as well as the Allied invasion of Sicily (July 1943) and the invasion of southern France (Operation Dragoon, August 1944). He assumed himself command of the destroyer for a time in 1944.
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The 1751 warrant confirmed the royal titles or other special designations of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 7th, 8th, 18th, 21st, 23rd, 27th and 41st regiments. In later years, other regiments were allowed to bear the names of the monarch or other members of the Royal family. Only one regiment, the 33rd Foot, was allowed to bear the name of a person other than Royalty when it became the "Duke of Wellington's" in 1853, the year after the death of the First Duke, who had served as a subaltern in the regiment.
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Herbert Dixon Asquith (11 March 1881 - 5 August 1947) was an English poet, novelist, and lawyer. Nicknamed "Beb" by his family, he was the second son of H. H. Asquith, British Prime Minister — with whom he is frequently confused — and younger brother of Raymond Asquith. Asquith was greatly affected by his service with the Royal Artillery in World War I. His poems include "The Volunteer" and "The Fallen Subaltern", the latter being a tribute to fallen soldiers. His poem "Soldiers at Peace" was set to music by Ina Boyle.
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Born at Stade 30 km west of Hamburg in the Kingdom of Hannover, he aspired from his earliest years to the Prussian service rather than that of his own country, and at the age of seventeen, obtained a commission in the 24th Regiment of Prussian infantry. But there was little scope for the activities of a young and energetic subaltern. Leaving the service in 1836, he enlisted in the Carlist army fighting the First Carlist War in Spain. In the five campaigns in which he served Don Carlos, he had many turns of fortune.
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"Noma" in the title means a slow horse and is a humble expression suggesting that the author joined the activism against Japan too late.Kim Jaenam, Research on Kim Sa-ryang's Works, Sejong University Thesis 17 (1991), 92. This report is another example of a cultural resistance against Japanese imperialism,Yu Imha, "Re-discussing Kim Sa-ryang's Noma malli: From the Search of a Subaltern to Fighting Against Imperialism," Japanese Studies 40, 2015, 147–152. and its narrator refuses to give up hope for the home country and Asia in such harsh realities.
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Touraj Atabaki, The State and the Subaltern: Modernization, Society and the State in Turkey and Iran, I.B.Tauris, 2007, , p. 131. He was then poisoned and martyred shortly afterwards in a Military Hospital in Izmir. The following couplet of him is considered an oracle which he perceived that he will be martyred: "How possible is it to ablution the martyr with that much fire who was martyred by burning with love? The body is fired, the shroud is fired, and also the water that is pouring out is fired".
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He entered service in 1914, serving in France and Palestine during the Great War and rose to lieutenant in the Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry. In 1918 he was promoted to captain in the Royal Flying Corps/Royal Air Force, where he was a single-seat scout pilot.Who's Who in Model Engineering No. 41: C. E. Bowden, Model Engineer, 7 December 1947 Following the war he returned to Army service. Bowden served in India as a subaltern and recounted an eventful journey in his "glamorous" A V Monocar with his Colonel's charming daughter.
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At school, he excelled in sports and captained the school rugby football team. He won a scholarship in mathematics from Oxford University, but never had the chance to take advantage of this because of the outbreak of the Great War. He continued to play rugby football for the army (against such opponents as the New Zealand national team), breaking his arm once and his collar bone twice. In the First World War, at the age of nineteen, Bennett served as a subaltern in the Royal Engineers, with responsibility for signals and telegraphy.
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As tensions increased in the lead-up to the Second World War Heaney joined the British Army's Auxiliary Territorial Service (ATS) and encouraged her co- workers to join up. On 26 January 1939 she was appointed company assistant (equivalent to second lieutenant) and served in the 1st West Lancashire Platoon. Heaney afterwards spent a year at the ATS training centre before being appointed second in command of the Salisbury Plain District Group. When the ATS reformed its rank structure on 30 May 1941 she transferred to the rank of second subaltern.
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Ainley's swarthy appearance tended to get him parts as villains, though an early regular role on British television was as Det. Sgt Hunter, sidekick to William Mervyn's Chief Inspector Rose in the second series of It's Dark Outside in 1966. Other notable roles include a subaltern in the 1969 film version of Oh! What a Lovely War, Dietz in the 1975 film version of The Land That Time Forgot, Reverend Fallowfield in the Tigon film The Blood on Satan's Claw (1971), Henry Sidney in Elizabeth R (1971), Clive Hawksworth in Spyder's Web (1972), Rev.
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Sergeants from the 30th and 89th Regiments became subaltern officers in the Maltese Light Infantry. Soldiers in the battalion were paid 8d a day, and their uniforms consisted of blue-grey coats which had red facings and gold lace, along with nankeen trousers. The battalion fought in the blockade alongside both Maltese irregular forces and British regular troops, until the French surrendered in September 1800. By the beginning of 1801, the battalion had 747 men garrisoned at Fort Manoel and Fort Ricasoli, with a detachment at Fort St. Angelo.
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A new set was commissioned in 1685 for Mary of Modena, the first queen consort to be crowned since the Restoration, Charles II having been unmarried when he took the throne. Another, more elaborate set had to be made four years later when Mary II was crowned as joint sovereign with her husband William III. After the Acts of Union 1707 joined England and Scotland together, the Scottish Crown Jewels were locked away in a chest,Douglas S. Mack in McCracken-Flesher, "Can the Scottish Subaltern Speak? Nonelite Scotland and the Scottish Parliament", p. 145.
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Dlimi comes from a family originally from Zaggota, a village near Had Kourt in the Chrarda region that is administratively part of Sidi Kacem Province. His father, Lahcen Dlimi, was an informant for the French colonial authorities and held a subaltern position in the French intelligence agency the SDECE. It was reported that it was Lahcen Dlimi who co-opted Mohammed Oufkir for a job in the colonial administration in the late 1940s. After the independence of Morocco, he briefly married the daughter of a minister, Messaoud Chiguer.
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At the outbreak of war the Sandhurst officer training course was drastically reduced from two years to three months and he was commissioned in November 1914. Anxious to immediately enter the fray, he applied to join a unit that had suffered heavy casualties and so joined the Royal Warwickshire Regiment. Always in the thick of the fighting, his soldiers referred to the 18-year-old subaltern as ‘The Lion’s Cub’. Wounded in the wrist at Aubers he was again wounded in hand-to- hand fighting on 16 May 1915.
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Joseph Edmund Jörg (23 December 1819, Immenstadt, Bavaria - 18 November 1901, Landshut) was a Catholic historian and politician. The son of a subaltern, he first studied theology, then philology and history at Munich. He was a pupil of Ignaz von Döllinger, and was for years his collaborator in his Geschichte der Reformation. In 1852 he was engaged in the Bavarian Record Office, and undertook in the same year the editorship of the Historisch-politische Blätter I which he retained (from 1857 with Franz Binder) till a short time before his death.
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Churchill in the military dress uniform of the 4th Queen's Own Hussars at Aldershot in 1895. In February 1895, Churchill was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the 4th Queen's Own Hussars regiment of the British Army, based at Aldershot. Eager to witness military action, he used his mother's influence to get himself posted to a war zone. In the autumn of 1895, he and his friend Reggie Barnes, then a subaltern, went to Cuba to observe the war of independence and became involved in skirmishes after joining Spanish troops attempting to suppress independence fighters.
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A close inspection of the documents of a period of colonialism will often reveal that the recordings of conflict will reflect the justifications of the subjecting power. These ‘histories’ may be nothing more than period propaganda and will often be perpetuated into long studied and repeated narratives. These will also ignore, or downplay, or intentionally omit the role of the subaltern players in those dramas. Examples of some of the new examinations range from the Fascist control over Ethiopia during the 1930s to massacres of Aboriginals in Australia.
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Transnational feminisms examine how powers of colonialism, modernity, postmodernity, and globalization construct gender norms, or normative conceptions of masculinity and femininity among the subaltern, Third World, and colonized. Second-wave feminism in the 1980s started to explore gender instead of sex as a category of distinction between people. With a recognition that biology can identify differences between people, feminists focused on the system of gender norms as an ongoing, changeable process that shaped people's lives and behaviors. This production of critique was largely used in the Global North and is a liberal feminist ideology.
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Raj Gauthaman is a leading Tamil intellectual who pioneered new approaches to Tamil cultural and literary history studies in the late 20th century. He has authored twenty research works that analyze the development of Tamil culture from ancient to modern periods with a focus on subaltern Dalit perspectives. He has also written three novels and translated Sanskrit works into Tamil. Raj Gauthaman was a part of the core group of writers and thinkers, many of whom were Dalits, which shaped the thinking of the influential journal, Nirapirikai in the early 1990s.
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Raj Gauthaman was closely associated with the wave of Dalit political thought and writing that rose in the 1980s in India and in Tamil Nadu. He published essays and articles that analyzed Tamil culture in subaltern perspectives through a Marxian approach. The energy of Tamil Dalit movement and Gauthaman's distinct contribution to it is captured in two widely cited early works, Dalit Panpaadu (Dalit Culture, 1993) and Dalit Paarvaiyil Tamil Panpaadu (Tamil Culture from a Dalit Perspective, 1994). He also published Iyothee Thassar Ayvugal on activist Iyothee Thass and Aram Adhikaram.
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G. Patrick, Religion and Subaltern Agency, "Ayya Vali – A New and Singular Religious Phenomenon" , p. 120. Apart from this, Ayyavazhi has separate theology, mythology, holy places, worship centres, and ethics of its own. Though many new papers, academic researchers and some of its followers consider it as a separate religion, many of the followers are even of the opinion that this is but a Hindu sect rather than an autonomous religion.See They indulge in the mystic practices of possessions and divinations similar to the tribal religions of Tamil Nadu.
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G. Patrick's, Religion and Subaltern Agency, Chapter 5, Sub-heading: Akilattirattu, Page 119 The text contains seventeen sections, and more than 15,000 verses. In a typical Ammanai style, Akilam maintains more than one context for its verses throughout the text. While the floating ideas of the lines could be comparatively easily communicated, the underlying theme couldn't be understood unless the background and culture are understood, specifically a foundational knowledge of the Hindu pantheon of gods, the Hindu scriptures, Dharmic concepts and philosophy, and other rudiments of the religion.
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Scholars have trouble identifying Carey's first works, because he was probably writing anonymously. According to Laetitia Pilkington, friend of Jonathan Swift's and other Tory wits, Carey worked as a "subaltern" to James Worsdale later in his life, in 1734, when he was best paid and most famous. Since he was writing for pay when he had theatrical successes, it seems reasonable that he had been hiring his pen for quite some time. In the 18th century, he appears to have done hack work for the periodicals of the day.
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The teachings on Dharmam have two levels of understanding: a principle of 'righteousness', and a concrete activity of 'charity' or 'almsgiving'.G. Patrick's, Religion and Subaltern Agency, Chapter 5, p. 113 As a principle, the followers of Ayyavazhi believed that the prime motive of the mission of Vaikundar was to establish Dharmam in this world by destroying the evil force of Kali. It is said in Akilathirattu that people, even while listening to the teachings of Lord Vaikundar, 'realised' that the evil of Kali was gradually being withdrawn from the world and that Dharmam was being established in its stead.
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The grave of Charles Kemp Davidson, Greyfriars Kirkyard, Edinburgh Davidson was born at Queen Mary Maternity Home in Edinburgh on 13 April 1929, the son of Charlotte Brookes Kemp and her husband, Rev Dr Donald Davidson (1892–1970) of St Andrews and St Georges Church.Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: Charles Kemp Davidson He was educated at Edinburgh Academy then Fettes College. He read Greats at Brasenose College, Oxford going on to study law at the University of Edinburgh.Telegraph (newspaper) obituary: 2 July 2009 From 1953 to 1954 he undertook National Service, as a subaltern in the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders.
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In the British Armed Forces, a warrant officer is addressed as Sir by other ranks and non- commissioned officers; commissioned officers, particularly of junior rank, should address a warrant officer using his surname and the prefix Mister; for example, "Mr Smith", although often their rank or appointment is used, for example "Sergeant Major", "Regimental Sergeant Major", or "RSM". In the British Armed Forces a subaltern is often referred to by his surname and the prefix Mister by both other ranks and more senior commissioned officers, e.g., "Report to Mister Smithe-Jones at once" rather than "Report to 2nd Lieutenant Smithe-Jones at once".
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Prominent themes in Latino Philosophy include decoloniality, cultural and philosophical identity, aesthetics, philosophical anthropology, feminism, Marxism, philosophy of liberation, political independence, and subaltern studies. Subjects of Latino philosophical writing also include Aztec ethics, the Chicano movement, Mexican existentialism, Liberation philosophy, postcolonialism,and Latin American and Latino feminisms, the philosophy of immigration, and examinations of the intersection of race and gender in Latino identity. The field of philosophy has been overwhelmingly dominated by white men. Yet, Latino philosophy is shaped by major contributions from Latina feminism and its genealogy with ties to women thinkers of color and Third-World Feminism in the United States.
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Allen & Unwin. p. 90 According to postcolonial theorists, present within the colonial setting are various mechanisms of power that consolidate the political authority of the colonizer; Biopolitics is thus the means by which a colonising force utilises political power to regulate and control the bodily autonomy of the colonized subject, who are oppressed and subaltern. Edward Said, in his work Orientalism, analysed the means by which colonial powers rationalised their relationship with the colonized societies they inhabited through discursive means, and how these discourses continue to influence modern day depictions of the Orient.Said, E. W. (1979). Orientalism. Vintage. p.
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He was commissioned as an infantry subaltern at Ambala, before transfer to 39th Indian Division Nearing an important moment in the war, when the Allies were about to launch the largest counter-offensive of the war so far, he arrived with 4th Battalion into the British 14th Army to make the drive for Rangoon. General Slim's masterful strategy was simple: to divide the Japanese forces on a railway junction at Meiktila. The ensuing battles were among the most savage and bitter of the Second World War. The brilliant thrust captured the garrison town that controlled the crossing over the Irrawaddy River.
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A few hours before D-Day, Special Force Six embarks to destroy an especially well-defended German gun emplacement on the Normandy coast. As the ship steams towards it, the officers and men recall what circumstances brought them there, especially Wynter and Parker. Captain Brad Parker, an American paratrooper invalided out because of a broken leg suffered during a parachute jump is posted to the headquarters of the European Theatre of Operations in London. At the Red Cross club, he meets and, despite being married, falls in love with Valerie Russell, a Women's Royal Army Corps subaltern.
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Educated at Eton College, Lord Ulster went up to King's College London where he read War Studies, graduating in 1996 as BA (Londin), before attending the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst. Ulster was commissioned in the King's Royal Hussars on 10 April 1998 as a subaltern (Second Lieutenant) with seniority from 14 April 1995; he was given the service number 548299. He was promoted to Lieutenant on 10 April 1998 with seniority from 14 April 1997, and to the rank of Captain on 16 October 2000. He saw active service in Northern Ireland, Kosovo in 2002, as well as Iraq.
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While on guard duty on Agar's Island, he used his off-duty time to write his first play The Subaltern, which was produced by The Amateur Dramatic Club of Bermuda for which he also acted and painted sets. The regiment then moved to Canada where Marshall wrote a three-act play called Strategy which was produced in Halifax, being played by a first-class company from New York. His next piece was a burlesque entitled Guy Fawkes with music composed by the regiment's band- master. The regiment then moved to Barbados where he again had great success with Guy Fawkes.
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The human flesh search engine has also been deployed for amusement. Johan Lagerkvist, author of After the Internet, Before Democracy: Competing Norms in Chinese Media and Society, said that the Little Fatty meme, in which pictures of a teenager were photoshopped on film posters without the boy's permission, demonstrated that the human flesh search engine "can also be directed against society's subaltern and the powerless" and that "[t]his raises important issues of the legitimate right to privacy, defamation, and slander."Lagerkvist, p. 60-61. The Baojia system of community rule-of-law in ancient China bears strong similarities with human flesh search.
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Todd briefly attended Transylvania University before his transfer and graduation at the College of William and Mary in 1809. He briefly studied law with his father in Washington before attending Litchfield Law School. After his admission to the bar in 1811, he started his practice in Lexington, KY. Shortly after, he volunteered in the War of 1812 where he was a subaltern and judge-advocate of General James Winchester's division in the War of 1812. In 1813, he was made a captain of infantry, and was an aide to General William Henry Harrison in the Battle of the Thames.
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After gaining his green beret, Jenkins was posted to Vis, off the Dalmatian coast, the only Yugoslav island in Allied hands. No. 43 (Royal Marine) Commando were supporting Tito's partisans and, as a subaltern with "E" Troop, he took part in a number of raids on the German garrisons of the other islands. In October 1944, 43 Commando disembarked at Gruz Harbour, near Dubrovnik, as part of "Floydforce" and Jenkins's troop was deployed inland to harry the retreating Germans. One of its more unusual tasks was to get supplies by mule to an isolated patrol of the Long Range Desert Group.
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Shamanism is still in practice in some worship centres.G. Patrick's, Religion and Subaltern Agency, Chapter 5, page 93 "the followers or 'the disciples' of Ayyavazhi too had practised shamanism in different centres of AV." Some believe that through the words of these possessed persons one could be able to know what God tells about him or herself or their activities. As part of shamanic practice, they exhorted the people on various matters, practiced divination (Kanakku) to discern the causes of sickness and misfortunes, and 'foretold future happenings'. The Akilattirattu Ammanai seems to have recognized shamanic acts of worship.
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William Doran was recorded as being at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst on 3 April 1881.The National Archives, 1881 Census for England and Wales He was commissioned as a subaltern in Her Majesty's Royal Irish Rifles on 10 May 1882. He deployed with his regiment to Egypt and took part in the Anglo- Egyptian War of 1882 and later the Sudan Expedition of 1884-85. In late November 1899 he took part in the operations leading to the defeat of the Khalifa, and for his services in the Sudan he received the brevet rank of lieutenant-colonel on 14 March 1900.
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The loss of the Austrians greatly exceeded the Prussians; they buried above 300 men in different places, and sent 500 wounded to Neustadt. Besides which, the Prussians took 25 prisoners, among whom were several officers. They had 35 men killed, and 4 officers, and 69 private men wounded, in Mantueffel's regiment; as also one lieutenant, with three dragoons, in Bareith's. The enemy made a subaltern officer, two drummers, and 35 private man prisoners; so that the loss of the Prussians, in the whole, including the missing, amounts to about 170 men; which was not much, considering the great superiority of the enemy.
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Dickson entered the Royal Military Academy in 1793, passing out as second lieutenant in the Royal Artillery in the following year. As a subaltern he saw service in Menorca in 1798 and at Malta in 1800. As a captain he took part in the unfortunate Montevideo Expedition of 1806–07, and in 1809 he accompanied Brigadier General Edward Howorth to Portugal where he served as brigade-major of the artillery. He soon obtained a command in the Portuguese artillery, and as a lieutenant colonel of the Portuguese service took part in the various battles of 1810–11.
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In October, the Nama people also rebelled against the Germans only to suffer a similar fate. In total, from 24,000 up to 100,000 Herero and 10,000 Nama died.Colonial Genocide and Reparations Claims in the 21st Century: The Socio- Legal Context of Claims under International Law by the Herero against Germany for Genocide in Namibia, 1904–1908 (PSI Reports) by Jeremy Sarkin- HughesEmpire, Colony, Genocide: Conquest, Occupation and Subaltern Resistance in World History (War and Genocide) (War and Genocide) (War and Genocide) A. Dirk Moses -page 296(From Conquest to Genocide: Colonial Rule in German Southwest Africa and German East Africa. 296, (29).
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As a function of empire, a settler colony is an economic means for profitably disposing of two demographic groups: (i) the colonists (surplus population of the motherland) and (ii) the colonised (the subaltern native to be exploited) who antagonistically define and represent the Other as separate and apart from the colonial Self. See: Burmese Days (1934), by George Orwell Othering establishes unequal relationships of power between the colonised natives and the colonisers, who believe themselves essentially superior to the natives whom they othered into racial inferiority, as the non- white Other."Colonialism", Dictionary of Human Geography, pp. 94–98. Retrieved 2 February 2016.
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During the night, Elliott, now a corporal, stole the Boers' 54 horses without waking them. At dawn the bushmen surrounded and attacked the Boer party's encampment, and compelled all 33 of them to surrender. For his part, Elliott was awarded the Distinguished Conduct Medal, the British Empire's second-highest award for gallantry by other ranks after the Victoria Cross, and mentioned in despatches. He was given a British Army commission as a lieutenant in the 2nd Battalion, Royal Berkshire Regiment on 20 November 1900, but he remained with the Victorian Imperial Bushmen as an attached subaltern.
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Map of Mu by James Churchward Lost lands are islands or continents believed by some to have existed during pre-history, but to have since disappeared as a result of catastrophic geological phenomena. Such continents are generally thought to have subsided into the sea, leaving behind only a few traces or legends by which they may be known. Legends of lost lands often originated as scholarly or scientific theories, only to be picked up by writers and individuals outside the academy. Occult and New Age writers have made use of Lost Lands, as have subaltern peoples such as the Tamils in India.
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Soon afterwards he was ordered to the East Indies where he remained on station nearly five years, earning his promotion to first lieutenant in 1799. Following his return, shortly prior to the Treaty of Amiens, he was sent to Ireland where he remained on station until his promotion to captain in 1807. John Robyns was thus still a subaltern when H.M. Corps of Marine Forces was elevated to the dignity of Royal Marines on 29 April 1802. In 1808 Captain Robyns of the Marines sailed for Barbados as part of the expedition under Vice Admiral Alexander Cochrane and Lieutenant General George Beckwith.
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The subordinated native can be heard by the colonisers only by speaking the language of their empire; thus, intellectual and cultural filters of conformity muddle the true voice of the subaltern native. For example, in Colonial Latin America, the subordinated natives conformed to the colonial culture, and used the linguistic filters of religion and servitude when addressing their Spanish imperial rulers. To make effective appeals to the Spanish Crown, slaves and natives would address the rulers in ways that masked their own, native ways of speaking. Engaging the Subaltern's voice: the philosopher and theorist Gayatri Spivak at Goldsmiths, University of London.
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Divya Dwivedi is opposed to postcolonial theory and subaltern studies. In an interview with Mediapart Dwivedi said that postcolonial theory and Hindu nationalism are two versions of the same theory, and that they are both upper caste political projects. Dwivedi noted that in the field of feminism postcolonial theory remains an upper caste theoretical standpoint which has been preventing lower caste feminists from opening their own currents in the context of the Me too movement. Dwivedi wrote in her editorial introduction to the UNESCO journal La Revue des Femmes-Philosophes that postcolonial theory is continuous with Hindu nationalism.
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The WRAC was formed on 1 February 1949 by Army Order 6 as the successor to the Auxiliary Territorial Service (ATS) that had been founded in 1938. For much of its existence, its members performed administrative and other support tasks. In March 1952 the ranks of the WRAC, which had previously been Subaltern, Junior Commander, Senior Commander and Controller were harmonised with the rest of the British Army."Army Titles in the WRAC", The Times, 20 March 1950 In 1974, two soldiers of the corps were killed by the Provisional IRA in the Guildford pub bombings.
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Indian historians criticise the conduct of the Indian princes, most of whom were self-interested or effete, and the lack of leadership among the sepoys. In the East India Company's Army, no Indian soldier could attain a rank greater than that equivalent to a subaltern or senior warrant officer. Most of the sepoys' officers were elderly men who had attained their rank through seniority while seeing little action and receiving no training as leaders. The rebellion therefore depended on charismatic leaders such as Tatya Tope and Rani Lakshmi Bai, who nevertheless were regarded with jealousy and animosity by many other princes.
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Its object is to discipline and cheapen labour-power, an economic advantage in a global context where agricultural producers have to become increasingly cost-conscious to remain competitive. And second, he has challenged the prevailing view that the ‘cultural turn’ is a politically progressive contribution to development studies. According to Brass, the ‘new’ populist postmodernism recuperated a specifically cultural dimension of ‘peasant-ness’, a discourse associated most powerfully with the Subaltern Studies project, formulated initially in the context of Asian historiography and latterly with regard to Latin American history. For the ‘new’ populist postmodernism this analytical re-essentialization of peasant did two things.
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Eco-nationalism (also known as ecological nationalism or green nationalism) manifests as a desire to eliminate reliance on foreign sources of fuel and energy by promoting alternative energy sources that can be adequately created and maintained with a nation's boundary. Brazil displayed an example of this by becoming completely energy self-reliant. In subaltern studies and cultural anthropology, eco-nationalism refers to the iconification of native species and landscapes in a way that appeals to a nationalist sentiment. According to J. Dawson, eco-nationalism is the rise of social movements that closely connect problems of environment protection with nationalist concerns.
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Both the colonial authorities and settlers were of the opinion that native Africans were to be a lower class, their land seized and handed over to settlers and companies, while the remaining population was to be put in reservations; the Germans planned to make a colony inhabited predominately by whites: a "new African Germany".A. Dirk Moses, Empire, Colony, Genocide: Conquest, Occupation and Subaltern Resistance in World History, p. 301 The established merchants and plantation operators in the African colonies frequently managed to sway government policies. Capital investments by banks were secured with public funds of the imperial treasury to minimize risk.
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Holloway and Richards, pp. 56–57 At the age of 25, Holloway enlisted in the Connaught Rangers in which he was commissioned as a subaltern in December 1915 because of his previous training in the London Rifle Brigade. In 1916 he was stationed in Cork and fought against the rebels in the Easter Rising.Holloway and Richards, pp. 58–59 Later that year, he was sent to France,Holloway and Richards, p. 59 where he fought in the trenches alongside Michael O'Leary, who was awarded the Victoria Cross for gallantryHolloway and Richards, p. 60 in February 1915.
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Samuel P. Huntington made a draft of a fragmented conflicted world order. In his popular hypothesis called ”The Clash of Civilizations” (1996), he divided the world map geographically into rigid cultural entities, such as the Western bloc, the Islamic bloc or the African bloc, and proclaimed that the next major conflict will occur between these different cultures. Reuber, Paul, ["Politische Geographie"], Paderborn: Ferdinand Schöning, 2012. In the 21st century, “hegemonic geographical imaginations are dominated by the affective geopolitics of the War on Terror”. Sharp, Joanne, ["”A subaltern critical geopolitics of the war on terror: Postcolonial security in Tanzania”"], Geoforum, 2011.
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Botting was born in Kingston upon Thames, Surrey; he lived in and went to school in Worcester Park. Having witnessed the London Blitz first-hand, he went on to make documentaries and write historical records of the Second World War and aviation. Botting got an early flavour of travel when he served as an infantry subaltern for the King's African Rifles in Kenya, as part of his National Service. He went on to study English at St Edmund Hall, Oxford, during which time he undertook a pioneering exploration of the little-known island of Socotra in the Indian Ocean.
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If there is a mutiny in the army – and in all probability we shall > have one – you'll see that these new-fangled schoolmasters will be at the > bottom of it. Gleig was appointed Chaplain-General of the Forces in 1844, resigned 1875; from 1846 to 1857 he was Inspector-General of Military Schools. From 27 March 1848, he was a member of the Canterbury Association and joined the management committee, but resigned again on 25 November 1851. Gleig was a frequent contributor to reviews and magazines, especially Blackwood's Magazine, in which his best-known novel, The Subaltern, appeared in installments.
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An unpublished eyewitness account, from the diary of another subaltern in the party, is quoted in the Waterloo Roll Call. More general comments are also documented in General Wellesley's dispatches. > At ten o'clock at night, 200 men moved forward to the assault, Dyas leading > the advance. He made a circuit until he came exactly opposite to the breach > instead of entering the ditch as before; a sheep-path, which he remembered > in the evening while he and Major MacGeechy made their observations, served > to guide them to the part of the glacis in front of the breach.
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The British had a howitzer placed directly opposite the market in the Grande Rue, which at each shot "cleaned all the surroundings of French" according to a member of the British service. Major Peirson and the 95th Regiment advanced towards the Avenue du Marché. Then, just as the British were about to win, a musket ball in the heart killed Major Peirson; his saddened troops, now led by a militia subaltern, Philip Dumaresq, rushed forward and continued the fight. When de Rullecourt fell wounded, many French soldiers gave up the fight, throwing down their weapons and fleeing.
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Lord Tewkesbury was commissioned into the British Army as a subaltern of the 2nd Battalion King's Royal Rifle Corps (then the 60th Rifles). He served in the Second Anglo-Afghan War in 1879-1880 at the age of 19, was present at the engagement at Ahmed Kheyl, and Uraco, near Ghaznee, and accompanied Lord Roberts in the march to Kandahar, and was present at the battle of that name. He also saw some service with the third battalion of his regiment in the First Boer War in 1881. He became captain in 1888 and resigned his commission in the Regular Forces in 1895.
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The slow march music is traditionally the Waltz from Les Huguenots while the quick march is generally a chosen tune. During the quick march, a lone drummer from the Corps of Drums breaks away to post himself just to the right of No. 1 Guard to sound the lone drummer's eight-bar "Drummer's Call". This initiates the Trooping of the Colour phase, by means of signalling the Captain of No. 1 Guard to cede his command to the Subaltern of No. 1 Guard. The call having been sounded, the lone drummer returns to the Massed Bands.
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The Ustaše became obsessed with creating an ethnically pure state. As outlined by Ustaše ministers Mile Budak, Mirko Puk and Milovan Žanić, the strategy to achieve an ethnically pure Croatia was that:Jones, Adam & Nicholas A. Robins. (2009), Genocides by The Oppressed: Subaltern Genocide In Theory and Practice, p. 106, Indiana University Press; # One-third of the Serbs were to be killed # One-third of the Serbs were to be expelled # One- third of the Serbs were to be forcibly converted to Catholicism According to historian Ivo Goldstein, this formula was never published but it is undeniable that the Ustaše applied it towards Serbs.
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Although the Guitar Boy coup was ultimately unsuccessful, it was considered that it had led to the eventual downfall of the NLC government, due to increasing rifts caused by the assassination of Kotoka who had been a stabilising influence in the military government. Some Nkrumaists claimed that Arthur's abortive coup was aimed at restoring the deposed President Kwame Nkrumah and his Convention People's Party. However, Ofosu-Appiah's biography of Kotoka indicates something different, for Arthur was reported to have said that he wanted to be the first subaltern to have staged a successful military coup in Africa (Life of Kotoka, pp. 117-137).
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It was his main safeguard against recurring depression, which he termed his "black dog". Using his contacts in London, Churchill got himself attached to General Kitchener's campaign in the Sudan as a 21st Lancers subaltern while, additionally, working as a journalist for The Morning Post. After fighting in the Battle of Omdurman on 2 September 1898, the 21st Lancers were stood down. In October, Churchill returned to England and began writing The River War, an account of the campaign which was published in November 1899; it was at this time that he decided to leave the army.
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Hunt notes that there is a striking similarity between the logic of embedded feminism in colonialist projects and the War on Terror. Both are inherently Eurocentric and present the West as culturally and normatively superior to the "unmodern" Eastern societies. This rationale would give the West a prerogative to intervene and rescue the "monolithic group" of Other women who have no agency on their own. Spivak's famous post-colonial critique of the relationship between the colonizers and the colonized subjects in "Can the Subaltern speak?" condenses this relationship to the strategy of "white men saving brown women from brown men".
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Amid publics and counterpublics, prevailing ideology, discourse, and images can create a hierarchy of group members and the rhetoric thereof. The struggle for political and social power within the public sphere between publics gives rise to dominant and weaker internal publics within a public, namely subaltern and bourgeois publics, respectively. For example, in their article "Graffiti Hurts in the United States," Terri Moreau and Derek H. Alderman describe an anti-graffiti task force, Graffiti Hurts, advocating for the eradication of urban graffiti in public spaces. This organization funded mural projects that would serve as a deterrent for would-be graffitists.
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Howell attended the Royal Military Academy, Sandhurst, passing out with honours (first in fencing, second in riding), and was commissioned second lieutenant on the unattached list of the Indian Army on 4 August 1897. He then served as a subaltern in his father's former regiment, the 5th Punjab Cavalry, in India, from 1898 to 1900. He was promoted lieutenant on 4 November 1899, and transferred in June 1900 to the Queen's Own Corps of Guides ("Lumsden's Horse") – an elite cavalry unit of the Punjab Frontier Force which at the time operated entirely in the North- West Frontier. Howell blended well with this environment.
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Joining the Scots Guards, he was wounded by a German bullet while going 'over the top' in France. He reached the rank of lieutenant in the First World War. As a subaltern in the Scots Guards he fought in France until wounded by a bullet through the palm of one hand. Gangrene impeded swift healing, but at last he was ready to return to the front and confided in a friend that if he had to die for it, he would try to win a decoration for gallantry in action to make his father proud of him.
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Graduating from the United States Military Academy in 1856, Lee was commissioned a second lieutenant in the 2nd Cavalry Regiment (later redesignated the 5th Cavalry Regiment), which was commanded by Colonel Albert Sidney Johnston, and in which his uncle, Robert E. Lee, was lieutenant colonel. As a cavalry subaltern, he distinguished himself by his gallant conduct in actions against the Comanches in Texas, and was severely wounded in a fight in Nescutunga, Texas, in May 1859. In May 1860, he was appointed instructor of cavalry tactics at West Point, but resigned his commission upon the secession of Virginia.
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All laugh hard at this - which "leaned as near to a nasty tragedy as anything this side of a joke can." The Worm has established himself as a talented actor: he is elected president of the regiment's Dramatic Club, and spends his winnings on scenery and costume. He is now known as "Mrs Senior Subaltern" (for reasons of verisimilitude, Kipling is preserving the 'real names' of the characters in the Regiment), which is confusing when Lionel marries his real fiancée. :All quotations in this article have been taken from the Uniform Edition of Plain Tales from the Hills published by Macmillan & Co., Limited in London in 1899.
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Manibhushan started publishing his poems in the 1950s. The brutal counter-insurgent violence of the Indian state against the Naxalites found place in his second book of poems, Utkantha Sharbari, published in 1971. However, his collection of political poems, Gandhinagare Ratri, published in 1974, marked a revolution in the world of Bengali poetry. In a sense, this book is the testament of the burning 1970s. The first poem incorporated in the collection, Gandhinagare Ratri, was a vivid poetic narrative of the killing of a subaltern political activist, Gokul, by police firing, his mother’s pathos, typical responses of middle- class characters and angry protest by a jute mill labourer.
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The highest rank to which an Indian soldier could aspire was Subadar-Major (or Risaldar-Major in cavalry units), effectively a senior subaltern equivalent. Promotion for both British and Indian soldiers was strictly by seniority, so Indian soldiers rarely reached the commissioned ranks of Jamadar or Subadar before they were middle aged at best. They received no training in administration or leadership to make them independent of their British officers. During the wars against the French and their allies in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, the East India Company's armies were used to seize the colonial possessions of other European nations, including the islands of Réunion and Mauritius.
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Reynolds was called to the bar in 1915 but in that year enlisted in the Australian Imperial Force, serving until 1919 as a subaltern in France and Belgium. He married Edna Florence Davy, with whom he had two daughters; later, in 1935, he would marry Joan Nicholls, with whom he also had two daughters. He was President of the Law Council of Australia from 1947 to 1948 and leader of the Victorian Bar from 1946 to 1952. In 1948 he was elected to the Victorian Legislative Assembly in a by-election for the seat of Toorak as a representative of the Liberal Party, after the death of Robert Bell Hamilton.
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James Charles Critchell Bullock (1898 – 1953) was an Englishman best known for his diaries and photographs of an expedition with John Hornby across the Barren Grounds of Canada's Northwest Territories. Bullock was born at 81 East Street, Chichester, England on 6 September 1898. He was educated at Cliff House Preparatory School in Southbourne, went to Sherborne School (Dorset) and later attended the Royal Military College, from where he joined the 18th Bengal Lancers in 1916 as a subaltern officer. During the First World War, he served in the Fifth Cavalry Division in France and Belgium and in the Desert Mounted Corps in Palestine and Syria.
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Heinrich Hermann Josef Freiherr von Heß (alternatively: von Hess) (17 March 1788, Vienna – 13 April 1870, Vienna), was an Austrian soldier and field marshal, who entered the army in 1805 and was soon employed as a staff officer on survey work. He distinguished himself as a subaltern at Aspern and Wagram, and in 1813, as captain, again served on the staff. In 1815, he was with Karl Philipp, Prince of Schwarzenberg. He had, in the interval between the two wars, been employed as a military commissioner in Piedmont, and at the peace resumed this post, gaining knowledge which later prover invaluable to the Austrian army.
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Born in Woodstock, Ontario in 1896, George Owen Johnson initially served as a subaltern with the Corps of School Cadet Instructors (CSCI) (now known as Cadet Instructors Cadre (CIC)) from 1913 to 1916. He was accepted for the Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS) in Canada, but transferred to the Royal Flying Corps before going overseas in May 1917. Serving with No. 84 Squadron RAF he became an ace with one aircraft destroyed, two shared aircraft destroyed, and three 'out of control'. Later, serving with No. 24 Squadron RAF, he was credited with one aircraft destroyed, one shared balloon destroyed, two 'out of control', and one shared aircraft captured including Leut.
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Hindersin was the son of a Lutheran minister and received a good education, but his early life was spent in great poverty, and the struggle for existence developed in him an iron strength of character. Entering the Prussian artillery in 1820, he became an officer in 1825. From 1830 to 1837 he attended the Prussian Military Academy at Berlin, and in 1841, while still a subaltern, he was posted to the great General Staff, in which he afterwards directed the topographical section. In 1849 Hindersin served with the rank of major on the staff of General Peucker, who commanded a federal corps in the suppression of the Baden insurrection.
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Because of her intellectual, academic and existential relation with the United States and with the socio-cultural dynamics of this country, Camaiti Hostert first developed themes related to comparative literature (see for instance her afterword to the American edition of the Dacia Maraini’s novel, The Silent Duchess, Feminist Press 1998Amatangelo, S. 2002. «Coming to Her Senses: The Journey of the Mother in La Lunga Vita Di Marianna Ucria». Italica : Bulletin of the American Association of Teachers of Italian. 79) and then has moved towards the Cultural studies with the analysis of the post-colonial theories, especially by focusing on the subaltern subject and on identity construction.
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Being Commandant of the 3rd Branch of the Army, the Colonel Luis Irrazábal was, according to the Coronel Alfredo Ramos, a subaltern in the Chaco War, “one of this people who was born to be leader”. “The command obeyed with convincement of the superiority of moral or intellect, searching with it the conscientious subordination, is the kind of power that is rarely found”. Much has been said about the Colonel Luis Irrazábal. It is known of his severity and his efforts to be true to his calling of service to his country, as well as his characteristic as a true friend and comrade of the men at his command.
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In 1855 metal insignia was introduced for subaltern officers (lieutenants and captains) and the star was changed to that of the Order of the Bath. In 1855 the Grenadier Guards and Coldstream Guards were granted Order of the Garter stars and the Scots- Fusilier Guards received Order of the Thistle stars for their service in the Crimean War. In 1919 the Irish Guards and Welsh Guards, the two newest regiments of the Brigade of Guards, received distinctive stars of their own for their service in World War One. The Irish Guards were granted the Order of St Patrick and the Welsh Guards were granted the Order of the Garter.
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Flavia Agnes is an Indian women's rights lawyer with expertise in marital, divorce and property law. She has written and published numerous articles, some of which have appeared in the journals Subaltern Studies, Economic and Political Weekly, and Manushi. She writes on themes of minorities and the law, gender and law, law in the context of women's movements, and on issues of domestic violence, feminist jurisprudence, and minority rights. Flavia Agnes began working in the field of women in law in the 1980s, which was at the beginning of the second phase of the women's movement, and since 1988, Agnes has been a practicing lawyer at the Mumbai High Court.
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The third influence on Digger slang were Australia's involvement in the Korean War and its involvement in the Vietnam War. As with the Second World War, much of the slang was carried over, and some of it evolved. In the Second World War, a subaltern was "baggie-arsed", but was simply a "baggie" by the time of the Korean War. Similarly, the Second World War "mongaree" and "monga" for food, taken from Arabic as "mongy" was taken from the French "manger" in the First World War, and from which "hard monga" for iron rations and "soft monga" for ordinary food were derived, became "mongar", this time adopted from Italian.
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When the war ended in November 1918, Gale volunteered to go to India in 1919, serving with the 12th Battalion, MGC where Captain John Harding was a fellow subaltern who, like Gale, was to attain the highest ranks in the army. However, in 1922 the MGC was disbanded and Gale reverted to serving with the Worcestershire Regiment, and served with the 3rd Battalion, Worcesters before that, too, was disbanded, with Gale transferring to the Machine Gun School in India. In 1928 he joined the 1st Battalion, Worcesters. During his time in India he gained entry to the Staff College, Quetta, attending from 1930 to 1931,Smart, p.
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Young Buckler Kordyne, a hare of the Long Patrol army, has a discussion with his ruler Brang Forgefire, Badger Lord of the mountain Salamandastron. Buckler is bored with mountain life, so Brang suggests that he visits Redwall Abbey to deliver some new bellropes to the Abbess (Brang had accidentally broken the ropes last time he was there); while Buckler visits the Abbey, he can also visit his brother on his farm, which is nearby. Buckler agrees, taking along with him his gluttonous friend, Subaltern Diggs. At Redwall Abbey, a music contest for the position of Bard of Redwall is being organized; however two Dibbuns (toddlers) disappear in the process.
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Post-colonialism theories in philosophy, political science, literature and film deal with the cultural legacy of colonial rule. Post-colonialism studies examine how once-colonised writers articulate their national identity; how knowledge about the colonised was generated and applied in service to the interests of the coloniser; and how colonialist literature justified colonialism by presenting the colonised people as inferior whose society, culture and economy must be managed for them. Post-colonial studies incorporate subaltern studies of "history from below"; post-colonial cultural evolution; the psychopathology of colonisation (by Frantz Fanon); and the cinema of film makers such as the Cuban Third Cinema, e.g. Tomás Gutiérrez Alea, and Kidlat Tahimik.
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Furthermore, he distinguished between a traditional intelligentsia which sees itself (wrongly) as a class apart from society, and the thinking groups which every class produces from its own ranks "organically". Such "organic" intellectuals do not simply describe social life in accordance with scientific rules, but instead articulate, through the language of culture, the feelings and experiences which the masses could not express for themselves. To Gramsci, it was the duty of organic intellectuals to speak to the obscured precepts of folk wisdom, or common sense (senso comune), of their respective political spheres. These intellectuals would represent excluded social groups of a society, what Gramsci referred to as the subaltern.
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Ayoob first proposed his theory of subaltern realism in the 1980s and further developed it in the 1990s. The theory is a critical rejoinder to the neorealism of Kenneth Waltz and others, including the domestic analogies that neorealism employs. It aims to provide an analytical tool for grasping the major determinants of Third World state behavior, the dominant concerns of Third World state elites, and the root causes of conflict in the Third World. The theory emphasizes the divergence of Third World conditions from those of industrialized core states, and has gone on to criticize mainstream International Relations theory for excluding the Third World.
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Maria Baptista Soares (born November 15, 1928) is a Cape Verdean sociologist and a political activist. She took part mainly for her work on different communities of peripherical and polemic theme especially on subaltern and neocolonialism. An urban sociologist, she wrote on social relations in the fringes of globalization with the same rigor which it defends the creation of a territorial identity and partly on the fortification of horizontalities. Founded in April 2008 in São Paulo, Brazil, the Centro Popular Latinoamericano de Estudos Territoriais (CEPLAET, the Latin American Territorial Studies People's Center), following the Portuguese counterpart but without the theoretical and methodological assumptions on the discussions related to Latin American society.
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To assist in the comparisons of ranks in the armed forces of different countries, established NATO rank codes are used. These are established codes for determining the seniority of officer and other ranks in NATO countries for a particular joint task group or command structure, although specific appointments designate a higher level of seniority over other equivalent rank codes in a given situation. Officer ranks go from OF-1 (applying to all subaltern officers below captain) up to OF-10; OF(D) being a special category for trainee officers awaiting a commission. Other Ranks (also known as enlisted men) are classified from OR-1 to OR-9.
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In the advanced course teaching was in special subjects, and in some of the general course subjects. The Royal Swedish Naval Staff College permanent staff consisted of a head, an adjutant and librarian, teachers in 15 subjects, rehearsers and a caretaker. During the years 1899-1900 there was only one student in the advanced course, Lieutenant Carl Gustav Flach. According to the regulations issued on 17 September 1923 the education was a one-year long general course, designed for subaltern officers, as well as a one and two-year long higher course (general higher course, artillery, torpedo and naval mine courses) for officers who had undergone the general course.
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One of the characters, Tiro, an officer in the republican guard, discusses his life in conversation with Savrola, mirroring the life of a subaltern officer in the Indian Army which Churchill had experienced. Savrola himself is described as "vehement, high and daring", and the sort of man who could "know rest only in action, contentment only in danger, and in confusion find their only peace... Ambition was the motive force, and he was powerless to resist it". The story contains a nurse, who again has been compared to Churchill's own nurse, Mrs Everest. The book is dedicated to the officers of the 4th Hussars, Churchill's regiment.
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Silver 1989, pp. 94–95. Shortly after 5:00 am, Johnston set out to locate the main rebel force. In addition to the troops he had brought with him, a number of civilians volunteered along with the 36 armed members of the Parramatta Loyal Association militia were also called out and took over defence of the town. Over 50 enrolled in a reserve militia combined with the NSW Corps to march out and confront the rebels.Silver 1989, pp. 97 & 103. Johnston decided to advance in two columns, one which he led himself towards Toongabbie, and another under a subaltern, Davies, which was sent along the Castle Hill Road.Silver 1989, p. 96.
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It took the Germans until 1908 to re-establish authority over the territory. By that time tens of thousands of Africans estimates range from 34,000 to 110,000 had been either killedJeremy Sarkin-Hughes (2008) Colonial Genocide and Reparations Claims in the 21st Century: The Socio-Legal Context of Claims under International Law by the Herero against Germany for Genocide in Namibia, 1904-1908, p. 142, Praeger Security International, Westport, Conn. A. Dirk Moses (2008) Empire, Colony, Genocide: Conquest, Occupation and Subaltern Resistance in World History, Berghahn Books, NY Dominik J. Schaller (2008) From Conquest to Genocide: Colonial Rule in German Southwest Africa and German East Africa, p.
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The account of how he first sought out the spirit of his dead brother and then assisted him to become established on the "astral plane" is the subject of his second spiritualist book A Subaltern in Spirit-Land also published in 1917. Although less well-known than his Masonic works, both of these books are still advertised for sale on the internet, in German as well as in English sites. According to another site, a Japanese edition is planned for 2010. Ward's later spiritualist writings have tended to become linked with his Christian religious work and perhaps for this reason have been less widely read.
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Larger subalar fuel tanks (pylon tank), already provided for at the origin, can be installed on the external subaltern pylons for long-range transfer flights. On the occasion of the first cruise in USA-Canada (1986), special cylindrical tip tanks were set up, with a capacity much higher than that of the original elliptical tip-tank. These cylindrical tip tanks, added to the nylon tanks, provide adequate autonomy for large stops in the north Atlantic, allowing even a digression on a possible diversion airport. The colored smoke is generated by dispersion, and is composed of vaseline oil to which non-polluting pigments are added.
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He entered the Indian Navy in 1845, taking part in a survey of the Arabian coast and the suppression of the slave trade. Baker later joined the British Army and fought in the Crimea. In 1858, he left the army as a very junior subaltern, and was admitted to Magdalene College, Cambridge, being awarded a BA in 1862 and MA in 1865. It was shortly before Baker's arrival in Cambridge that a decision was taken to form the University Rifle Volunteers and in 1860, Baker was appointed first commanding officer with the rank of major, being promoted to lieutenant- colonel later that year, and gazetted full colonel in 1906.
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Howell had been in action on the front line since the outbreak of the war, serving with the British Expeditionary Force, and commanding the 4th Queen's Own Hussars through the retreat from Mons, the Battle of Le Cateau, the Marne offensive, Hill 60, and the First Battle of Ypres. He was mentioned in despatches six times, and made a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George in 1915 for "meritorious service". Howell came from a military family. After education at Lancing College and passing out from the Royal Military College, Sandhurst with honours, he joined the elite Queen's Own Corps of Guides as a subaltern in 1900.
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He was born in London. After receiving his education at Felsted School in Essex, he began his career as a stockbroker's clerk in the City of London, but gave up a life in the Square Mile on deciding that he preferred the stage, upon which he made his début in 1910. He toured England's repertory theatres playing minor parts up to the outbreak of World War I, when he was commissioned into the British Army as a subaltern, and saw active service with the Suffolk Regiment and the Machine Gun Corps.Allister's WW1 'Medal Index Card' (Document code: WO 372/15/102156), The National Archive, Surrey, England.
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To aid in the comparison of ranks in the armed forces of different countries, NATO rank codes are used. These are established codes for determining the seniority of officer and other ranks in NATO countries for a particular joint task group or command structure, although specific appointments designate a higher level of seniority over other equivalent rank codes in a given situation. Officer ranks go from OF-1 (applying to all subaltern officers below captain) up to OF-10; OF(D) being a special category for trainee officers awaiting a commission. Other Ranks (those considered enlisted men in the United States forces) are classified from OR-1 to OR-9.
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In recent decades there have been four main schools of historiography in how historians study India: Cambridge, Nationalist, Marxist, and subaltern. The once common "Orientalist" approach, with its image of a sensuous, inscrutable, and wholly spiritual India, has died out in serious scholarship. The "Cambridge School", led by Anil Seal,Anil Seal, The Emergence of Indian Nationalism: Competition and Collaboration in the Later Nineteenth Century (1971) Gordon Johnson,Gordon Johnson, Provincial Politics and Indian Nationalism: Bombay and the Indian National Congress 1880–1915 (2005) Richard Gordon, and David A. Washbrook,Rosalind O'Hanlon and David Washbrook, eds. Religious Cultures in Early Modern India: New Perspectives (2011) downplays ideology.
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Tulloch, while still a subaltern, wrote repeated letters in Indian journals, signed "Dugald Dalgetty", in which he exposed abuses. He left for Europe on sick leave in 1831. He took home specimens of depreciated coin, had them assayed at the Royal Mint, and got the matter taken up by the secretary at war, John Cam Hobhouse, Baron Broughton, who called on the company for an explanation. The matter was dropped for a time, but about 1836 it was revived by Tulloch, and Earl Grey, after investigation, compelled the company to make reparation by supplying the army yearly with coffee, tea, sugar, and rice, to the value of £70,000, the amount of the annual deficit.
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The traditional, offline public sphere has been criticized for not being as inclusive in practice as it is in theory. For example, Feminist scholars like Nancy Fraser have argued that the public sphere has historically not been as open or accessible to disadvantaged or marginalized groups in a society, such as women or people of color; therefore, such groups are forced to form their own separate public spheres, which she refers to as a counter-public or subaltern counter public (see ). Some scholars contend that online spaces are more open and thus may help to increase inclusive political participation from marginalized groups. In particular, anonymous online spaces should allow all individuals to speak with an equal voice to others.
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Brigadier General John Jacob, CB. Marble bust at Taunton Shire Hall After seven years employed with his regiment, he was then employed as subordinate to the collector of Gujarat. In 1838 he was ordered to Sind with the Bombay column, to join the army of the Indus at the outbreak of the First Anglo-Afghan War. He first saw active service in the summer of 1839 as a subaltern of artillery, the force led by Sir John Keane, sent to invade the Upper Sindh. He was given command of the Sind Horse by Sir James Outram in 1841; in 1842 he was additionally placed in political charge of the whole of the Cutchee frontier.
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He visited Paris and Vienna and was given a warm reception by Prince Henry of Liechtenstein before he returned to Johor. Three years later, he visited Prussia, where he was conferred the Royal Prussian Order of the Crown.Noor, The Other Malaysia: Writings on Malaysia's Subaltern History, pg 38 He made two separate European tours in 1891 and 1893 with a personal physician by his side, during which he met Emperor Francis Joseph, King Umberto, Pope Leo XIII and Sultan Abdul Hamid II, and was conferred the awards of Commander of the Cross of Italy, Imperial Order of the Osmans (Turkey) and the Commander of the Cross of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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In early May 1895, Abu Bakar travelled to London together with his son and successor, Tunku Ibrahim (later Sultan Ibrahim) with the hope to mustering support and recognition of his rule. He was by then already very ill and was already suffering from an inflammation of the kidneys for sometime and diagnosed with Bright's disease (a type of kidney disease).Noor, The Other Malaysia: Writings on Malaysia's Subaltern History, pg 51 At the onstart of the voyage in early May, he became very weak, and had to be carried aboard a ship in a wheelchair. He reached London on 10 May, and checked into Bailey's Hotel but was bedridden throughout his remaining days.
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On the outbreak of the World War 2 in September 1939 Easonsmith joined the 4th Battalion Gloucestershire Regiment, a Territorial Army unit, that subsequently was converted to the 66th Search Light Regiment Royal Artillery. By August 1940 he had been promoted to the rank of sergeant and recommended for a commission, at the same time transferring to the Royal Tank Regiment. Having completed his officer training he received a commission as a subaltern in July 1940, and was posted to Egypt to take part in the British Empire's North Africa Campaign in December 1940. In March 1941 he applied for a transfer into the behind-enemy-lines reconnaissance unit the Long Range Desert Group.
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Wimalaratne joined the Ceylon Army as an Officer Cadet in August 1962 and underwent training at the Indian Military Academy, in Dehradun as part of the first batch of four Ceylonese cadets sent to Dehradun. There he was the first foreign cadet to be appointed Battalion Cadet Adjutant in his final term. On his return, he was commissioned as a Second Lieutenant in the newly formed Gemunu Watch on 1 August 1963, leaving soon after for a jungle warfare course in Malaysia at the British Army Jungle Warfare Training School. Serving with the 1st Battalion, Gemunu Watch as a subaltern, he was appointed adjutant of the 2nd(Volunteer) Battalion, Gemunu Watch in 1968.
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Fraser attempted to evaluate Habermas' bourgeois public sphere, discuss some assumptions within his model, and offer a modern conception of the public sphere. In the historical reevaluation of the bourgeois public sphere, Fraser argues that rather than opening up the political realm to everyone, the bourgeois public sphere shifted political power from "a repressive mode of domination to a hegemonic one". Rather than rule by power, there was now rule by the majority ideology. To deal with this hegemonic domination, Fraser argues that repressed groups form "Subaltern counter- publics" that are "parallel discursive arenas where members of subordinated social groups invent and circulate counterdiscourses to formulate oppositional interpretations of their identities, interests, and needs".
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"Otherness", The New Fontana Dictionary of Modern Thought, Third Edition (1999), p. 620. The term Othering describes the reductive action of labelling and defining a person as a subaltern native, as someone who belongs to the socially subordinate category of the Other. The practice of Othering excludes persons who do not fit the norm of the social group, which is a version of the Self;"Othering", The New Fontana Dictionary of Modern Thought, Third Edition (1999), p. 620. likewise, in human geography, the practice of othering persons means to exclude and displace them from the social group to the margins of society, where mainstream social norms do not apply to them, for being the Other.
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In the fall of 1813, in the midst of the Napoleonic Wars, Fallmerayer decided to seek his fame in military service and joined the Bavarian infantry as a subaltern. He fought with distinction at Hanau on October 30, 1813, and served throughout the campaign in France. He remained in the army of occupation on the banks of the Rhine until the battle of Waterloo, when he spent six months at Orléans as adjutant to General von Spreti. Two years of garrison life at Lindau on Lake Constance convinced him that his desire for military glory could not be fulfilled, and he devoted himself instead to the study of modern Greek, Persian and Turkish.
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By October, he had been transferred to a staff position with IV Corps (which was commanded by his brother) and had been given the rank of colonel by Sir John French, despite having left the cavalry as a subaltern. His driving exploits were described in his Adventures on the Western Front, August, 1914 – June, 1915 (1925). In the trench warfare that had developed, it became apparent that the British had nothing to match the German Minenwerfer. While an effective British weapon was in development, Rawlinson acquired 40 obsolete Coehorn mortars from the French army which became known as "Toby mortars" after him; they were first used in action at the Battle of Neuve Chapelle in March 1915.
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In late 1884, during the height of the Mahdist insurrection in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, the Mahdist forces attack Barash, a British outpost 200 miles upriver from Khartoum. Four people escape from the attack in a riverboat: Private Richard Baker, a soldier in the British army; Murchison, an inexperienced subaltern in the army; Asua, the daughter of the local Emir; and Asua's British governess, Margret Woodville. Over the course of the journey, the group find themselves in perilous dangers on the Nile and its banks. Facing off against nature, Arab slavers and a beleaguered Negro tribe the slavers prey on, they are saved by King Gondoko's missionary-raised brother Kimrasi, who then joins them.
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An exemplar post-colonial novel is Wide Sargasso Sea (1966) by Jean Rhys (1890–1979), a mid-twentieth century novelist who was born and grew up in the Caribbean island of Dominica, though she was mainly resident in England from the age of 16. This novel is based on Jane Eyre (1847), by Charlotte Brontë, re-told from the perspective of a subaltern protagonist, Antoinette Cosway. It is the story of Cosway, a white Creole heiress, from the time of her youth in Jamaica, to her unhappy marriage to a certain English gentleman—he is never named by the author. He renames her to a prosaic Bertha, declares her mad, and requires her to relocate to England.
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With the posthumanist turn, however, the art of ethnographic writing has suffered serious challenges. Anthropologists are now thinking of experimenting with a new style of writing – for instance, writing with natives or multiple authorship. It also undermines the discipline of identity politics and postcolonialism. Postcolonial scholars’ claims of subaltern identity or indigeneity and their demand of liberal rights from a state is actually falling back into the same signifying Western myth of Oedipal complex of ego and the Id. Instead of looking for a non-unitary subject in multiplicities organized into assemblage and montage; postcolonial studies limit flows into the same Western category of identity thus undermining the networks that sustain people's everyday lives.
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From an early age he was interested in spy novels carrying around Buchan's Greenmantle and Kipling's Kim. At the Dragon he played rugby, and shot at Bisley. During his national service, he was commissioned in the Royal Hampshire Regiment in January 1950 and served as a subaltern in the King's African Rifles in the same battalion as Lance-Corporal Idi Amin. Before turning full-time author, he was an ITN reporter and newscaster for two years, the New York City correspondent of Lord Beaverbrook's The Sunday Express, and then worked for nearly twenty years on The Times; five as its chief reporter, and latterly as a Middle East and Far East specialist.
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All three branches of the Armed Forces of the Argentine Republic use two or three ranks of corporal, or cabo. Corporals in the Argentine military are considered suboficiales subalternos (subaltern sub-officers/lower non-commissioned officers), superior only to all ranks of Volunteers (enlisted members of the Army and Air Force) and Seamen (enlisted members of the Navy). In the Argentine Army, there are two ranks of corporal, junior and senior: Cabo ("corporal") and cabo primero ("first corporal"). While the Argentine Navy has three corporal ranks, from junior to senior: Cabo segundo (corporal second class), Cabo primero (corporal first class) and cabo principal (principal corporal), which is equal to the army rank of sargento (sergeant).
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All Indian personnel were subordinate to even the most junior British officers, although junior British officers were required to become proficient in Urdu, or whatever other Indian language was in use in their units, before they could be eligible for promotion. The highest rank an Indian soldier could aspire to was Subadar-Major (Rissaldar-Major in regular cavalry units), effectively a senior subaltern rank. In Irregular cavalry and infantry units, which were locally recruited from distinct communities or absorbed from the armies of annexed "princely" states, there were usually only seven British officers and Indian personnel had more influence. The Company maintained its own institution for training its British officers at the Addiscombe Military Seminary.
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However, a performance of Tchaikovsky's Pathétique Symphony conducted by Arthur Nikisch in 1896 inspired him to become a composer. In 1902 he completed his training as an engineer, like his father. As a young subaltern with a Sappers Battalion in Moscow, he took some private lessons with Reinhold Glière and when he was posted to St Petersburg he studied with Ivan Krizhanovsky as preparation for entry into the Saint Petersburg Conservatory, where he enrolled in 1906 and became a student of Anatoly Lyadov and Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov. A late starter, Myaskovsky was the oldest student in his class but soon became firm friends with the youngest, Sergei Prokofiev, and they remained friends throughout the older man's life.
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In the field of cultural studies, posthegemony has been developed as a concept by a number of critics whose work engages with and critiques the use of cultural hegemony theory within the writings of Ernesto Laclau and within subaltern studies.For example, see , , , and . George Yúdice, in 1995, was one of the first commentators to summarize the background to the emergence of this concept: > Flexible accumulation, consumer culture, and the "new world information > order" are produced or distributed (made to flow) globally, to occupy the > space of the nation, but are no longer "motivated" by any essential > connections to a state, as embodied, for example, in a "national-popular" > formation. Their motivations are both infra- and supranational.
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Benson became a subaltern with the 9th Queen's Royal Lancers the following year and was appointed aide-de-camp to the Viceroy of India in 1913. He returned to his regiment when the First World War broke out and served in France in the battles of Aisne, Ypres and Messines; for his conduct in the latter, he was awarded the Military Cross. In 1915, he was gassed and wounded during the Second Battle of Ypres and repatriated to England for treatment. When he had sufficiently recovered, he was appointed as liaison officer to the French Minister of Marine, but he was unofficially a representative of the head of the British secret service.
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Born in Halle, Müffling entered the Prussian army in 1790. In 1799 Müffling contributed to a military dictionary edited by Lieutenant W. von Leipziger, and in the winter of 1802-1803, being then a subaltern, he was appointed to the newly formed general staff as quartermaster-lieutenant. He had already done survey work, and was now charged with survey duties under the astronomer Franz Xaver, Baron Von Zach (1754–1832). In 1805, when in view of a war with France the army was placed on a war footing, Müffling was promoted captain and assigned to the general staffs, successively, of General von Wartensleben, Frederick Louis, Prince of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen and Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher.
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Bandsman of the Royal Yeomanry (British Army Reserve) With the end of the Second French Empire the lancer regiments and thus the czapka disappeared from the French Army. Prussian Uhlans wearing czapki c1900 Czapka of a subaltern in the Austro- Hungarian 2nd Uhlan Regiment c1913 The German or Austro-Hungarian czapka ("shapka") consisted of a body of pressed blackened leather, known as the cap and only given a shield on the front. This ended halfway down the back of the head and only protected the front of the head. Instead of a peak, the front was centred on the front point of a four-cornered lid on a stem on top of the helmet.
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The title means "grand enumerator", and derives from ἀδνούμιον (adnoumion), a term derived from the Latin ad nomen, that designated the roll call of soldiers. The few surviving records that mention the title only contain references to megaloi adnoumiastai, and not to simple holders of the office of adnoumiastēs. Apparently, the office originally entailed maintaining the lists of the soldiers. According to the Book of Offices of Pseudo-Kodinos, written shortly after the mid-14th century, the megas adnoumiastēs was a subaltern official of the megas domestikos, the commander-in-chief of the Byzantine army; he accompanied the latter during inspections, and noted down the soldiers who lacked horses or weapons, so that they could be furnished with them.
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In 1853 Anson was promoted to the rank of Major- General. The following year he was appointed to the command of the Madras Army in 1854, and early in 1856 became Commander-in-Chief in India. He was Colonel of the 55th (Westmorland) Regiment of Foot from 12 December 1856. Since Anson's prior military career consisted of a few months' active service as a subaltern in the Guards (admittedly including Waterloo), a decade on home service in London while also sitting in Parliament as an MP, and 26 and a half years on half-pay, these appointments caused disgruntled comment in some quarters and were presented as an example of "Horse Guards Patronage" at its worst.
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The title was once again revived during the Greek War of Independence. In January 1822, the First National Assembly at Epidaurus decided to create an organizational framework for the irregular troops of the various independent war leaders, and instituted a number of chiliarchies (χιλιαρχίες), each composed of ten centuries (εκατονταρχίες) of a hundred men under a centurion (εκατόνταρχος, ekatontarchos). Each chiliarchy was commanded by a chiliarch, with a small staff comprising a deputy chiliarch (υποχιλίαρχος, ypochiliarchos), a subaltern known as taxiarchos, a doctor, a surgeon, a quartermaster and a priest. In 1828, the chiliarchies were reorganized and reduced to three, each now comprising two pentakosiarchies (πεντακοσιαρχίες) of five centuries each, comprising 1120 men in total.
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Ileana Rodríguez (born October 8, 1939 in Chinandega, Nicaragua) is Distinguished Professor Emeritus in Latin American Literatures and Cultures at the Ohio State University, and she is also affiliated with the Instituto de Historia de Nicaragua y Centroamérica (IHNCA). Rodríguez obtained a B.A. in Philosophy from the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México in 1963, and a second B.A. in Philosophy from the University of California, San Diego in 1970. She obtained a Ph.D. in Spanish Literature from the University of California, San Diego in 1976. Her areas of research fall within Latin American literatures and cultures, more precisely post-colonial theory and feminist and subaltern studies, with a focus on literatures from Central America and the Caribbean.
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To assist in the comparison of ranks in the armed forces of different countries, established NATO rank codes are used . These are established codes for determining the seniority of officer and other ranks in NATO countries for a particular joint task group or command structure, although specific appointments designate a higher level of seniority over other equivalent rank codes in a given situation. Officer ranks go from OF-1 (applying to all subaltern officers below (army) captain) up to OF-10; OF(D) being a special category for trainee officers awaiting a commission. Other ranks (those considered enlisted men in the United States forces) are classified from OR-1 to OR-9.
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Seydlitz's superb horsemanship and his recklessness combined to make him a stand-out subaltern, and he emerged as a redoubtable Rittmeister (cavalry captain) in the War of Austrian Succession (1740–1748) during the First and Second Silesian Wars. Seydlitz became legendary throughout the Prussian Army both for his leadership and for his reckless courage. During the Seven Years' War, he came into his own as a cavalry general, known for his coup d'œil, his ability to assess at a glance the entire battlefield situation and to understand intuitively what needed to be done: he excelled at converting the King's directives into flexible tactics. At the Battle of Rossbach, his cavalry was instrumental in routing the French and Imperial armies.
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The term derives from studies of modalities of resistance by the Subaltern Studies school, but reflects concerns pervasive from the earliest days of post- and anti-colonial writing. Ranajit Guha refers to inversion as one of the modalities of peasant revolt in colonial India, noting practices such as forcing landlords to carry peasants on Sedan chairs. Frantz Fanon's The Wretched of the Earth (1961) provides an extensive discussion and partial advocacy of inversion in a social context defined by strong binaries. A reversal of the coloniser's monopoly on violence is taken to be necessary to break out of the master–slave dialectic, a learnt sense of cultural inferiority and the learned helplessness of the colonised.
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Lins's parents came from the impoverished northeastern region of Brazil, which prompted him to notice the racial profile of Brazilian society: "Brazil is a racist country and a racist society, but the funny thing is that nobody will admit to being a racist, and that's the problem. Blacks in Brazil are always in an inferior, subaltern position, but you can't find a white person who is a racist." His literacy and verbal skill enabled Lins to start to write sambas and to contribute to local culture, which enabled him to escaped the cycle of gang violence and become a successful writer. He published his novel City of God in 1997, which was adapted into the successful 2002 film City of God.
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Matadin thus made him realise that, it is paradoxical that he is proud of his birth in a high Caste Brahmin family, still he bites the cartridges which are made up of the fat of Cows and Pigs with his mouth.This propelled both Hindu as well as Muslim soldiers of the company to raise the banner of revolt as, while the Cow was considered as sacred for Hindus, the Pigs were forbidden for Muslims. According to Subaltern historians as well as Dalit activists, he should be recognised as the real face behind the revolt of 1857.This is bacause, he was the person who made Mangal Pandey aware of the fact that their religious sentiments are being hurt knowingly or unknowingly by the British.
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Akilam says that Ayya Vaikundar also cured illness in some people with the power he had as the avatar of Narayana. The LMS Report for the year 1843 mentions that Vaikuntacami, "asserts that one of the principle Hindoo deities has taken up his abode within him," and that because of this, "he is enabled to perform the cure of all diseases, and to confer innumerable blessings on his followers." People believing him to be an avatar who could perform cures, seem to have flocked to him and to have been cured by him.G.Patrick's Religion and Subaltern Agency, Chapter 5, Page 95, Sub- Heading: Healing In reality, Ayya Vaikundar seems to have initiated a practice of treating the diseases with water and earth.
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A Society of Patriotic Ladies at Edenton in North Carolina, satirical drawing of a women's counterpublic in action in the 1775 tea boycott Nancy Fraser identified the fact that marginalized groups are excluded from a universal public sphere, and thus it was impossible to claim that one group would, in fact, be inclusive. However, she claimed that marginalized groups formed their own public spheres, and termed this concept a subaltern counter public or counter-public. Fraser worked from Habermas' basic theory because she saw it to be "an indispensable resource" but questioned the actual structure and attempted to address her concerns. She made the observation that "Habermas stops short of developing a new, post-bourgeois model of the public sphere".
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In the right foreground stands a subaltern of the First Regiment of Dragoons; in the left foreground is an ordnance sergeant-of which there was one on every Army post. The regiment became the "First Regiment of Dragoons" when the Second Regiment of Dragoons was raised in 1836, however, the general disposition of the regiment remained unchanged. The various companies were employed in scouting among the Indians, especially along the Missouri frontier, with a portion of the regiment going to Nacogdoches, Texas, to keep white trespassers from the Indian lands, and preserving peace between whites and Indians and among the Indians themselves; also in building wagon roads and bridges. During the winter, the companies returned to their respective stations – Forts Leavenworth, Gibson and Des Moines.
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After graduating from College in 1915, Hughes joined the British Army and served in the First World War as a medical officer. He was attached to the Wiltshire Regiment from 1915 to 1918, and to the Grenadier Guards from 1918 to 1919. He was awarded the Distinguished Service Order (DSO) on 25 August 1916 while a subaltern and within four months had been awarded a Bar to his DSO. His DSO citation reads: His Bar citation is as follows: Hughes was heavily decorated during the First World War, and before its end he was awarded the Military Cross, the Croix de guerre avec palme and was several times Mentioned in Despatches; he was also seriously wounded on three separate occasions.
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The Spaniards soon became aware of the large pearls that the natives extracted from the pearl oysters abounding in the bay, and proceeded to plunder the people and rape their women. Jiménez and his men did not name any of the places they found, it would be left to other explorers to name the places visited by Fortún Jiménez. The abuse of the Indian women by the crew and their looting caused a violent confrontation with the natives that ended in the deaths of Fortún Jiménez and some of his companions; the survivors withdrew, and sailed erratically for several days until they reached the shores of the present-day Jalisco, where they encountered a subaltern of Nuño de Guzmán, who requisitioned the ship and took them prisoner.
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In other words, postcolonial theory gives new life to Orientalist notions of the Global South, by presenting a highly exoticized and essentialized understanding of it – as fundamentally different from the West, incapable of being understood by Western categories, its people untouched by reason and rationality, etc. Chibber bases his claims on an examination of the Subalternists’ historical sociology as well as their theoretical arguments. He embeds his critique in a defense of the radical Enlightenment tradition as represented by Marx. The publication of Specter touched off a very intense and wide-ranging debate between Chibber, members of the Subaltern Studies collective, and other intellectuals. Most prominently, Partha Chatterjee and Gayatri Spivak both criticized Chibber for his representation of the Subalternists’ work and postcolonial theory more generally.
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Bound copies of "The Limit" and "The Spanner", works magazines from Galloway Engineering Co and Arrol-Johnston Co. Stocker wrote about her experiences at Galloway Engineering Co in the Tongland factory's works magazine The Limit, under the name "M.E.G.S.", including "New Girl's Impression" in March 1919, "Monday-itis" in September 1919, and "A Lament" in February 1920Archives of The Limit (subtitled "A record of our unlimited talent") are held by the National Trust for Scotland at Broughton House in Kirkcudbright. In 1922, having left Tongland, Stocker described her "two and a half years' course of engineering" in the Jersey Ladies' College "Past and Present Review". During World War Two, Stocker served in the Auxiliary Territorial Service (ATS) at the rank of 2nd Subaltern.
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He served the liberal cause assiduously, being a member of the commission that in 1831 traveled to London in the name of the Regency which obtained credits that made possible the survival of the liberal cause in the Azores. On his return to Terceira, he asked to be relieved of the political tasks of his posts so he could participate as officer in the Armed Forces and as right-hand man to the Count of Vila Flor in the expeditions to São Jorge Island and Faial Island. In this position, he took part in the Battle of Ladeira do Gato. Having served in the highest posts during the liberal wars, he never wanted to be paid more than a subaltern, which was his official rank.
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Petra Kelly wrote in her first book, Fighting for Hope (1984): The violence in structural violence is attributed to the specific organizations of society that injure or harm individuals or masses of individuals. In explaining his point of view on how structural violence affects the health of subaltern or marginalized people, medical anthropologist Paul Farmer writes: This perspective has been continually discussed by Paul Farmer, as well as by Philippe Bourgois and Nancy Scheper-Hughes. Theorists argue that structural violence is embedded in the current world system; this form of violence, which is centered on apparently inequitable social arrangements, is not inevitable. Ending the global problem of structural violence will require actions that may seem unfeasible in the short term.
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Thus, we find Agnes > repeating the widely known legend about the death of sodomites at the birth > of Christ. She repeatedly condemns Jews, presents a negative portrayal of > Ethiopians and associates dark skin with evil, and interprets leprosy as a > sign of moral corruption. When read from the perspective of any of these > marginalized groups, Agnes’s religious beliefs are put into sharp relief as > an example of Christian hegemonic strategies, often successful, to employ > its subaltern members to its own ends. While this is a mar on the universality of Blannbekin’s work, it is still an opportunity for scholars of women’s spirituality to peer into the life of an “odd” beguine who emblemizes common topics of interests in Medieval mysticism.
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Impoverished, hopeless, and indigent, the former Hessian mercenary, de Pencier, committed suicideThe American Revolution, Garrison Life in French Canada and New York: Journal of an officer in the Prinz Friedrich Regiment, 1776-1783, By Julius Friedrich von Hille, Mary C. Lynn, p. 56 in a Canadian military asylum on April 18, 1824. On April 19, shortly after Easter 1824, the remains of Captain Christian Theodore de Pencier were placed in a modest grave at Fort William Henry by the Richelieu River in Quebec. Moments earlier, a British subaltern reached into de Pencier's coffin and removed his sword, a final act of discourtesy to the dead Hessian officer, and probably a reflection of the fact that suicide was then a crime.
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Born to hotelier parents on rue de l'oranger in Dieppe, his godfather was Nicolas Boiloy, a businessman in the Saint-Remy parish, and his godmother was the widow Michel Martel, a businesswoman in the parish of Saint-Jacques. Like his brother Jean-Vincent Deniéport, Louis was a brilliant student at the Oratorian school and won the general prize in 1785, though he had to enter the Oratorian house very young. His passion for the sea and probable aptitude for action rather than philosophical meditation interrupted his studies aged 14 when he began serving on the privateers that were common in the port of Dieppe. On these he gained seagoing skills in the subaltern posts of novice, matelot and aide-pilote.
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50, Ola Abdalkafor, Cambridge Scholars Publishing and how sati takes the form of imprisoning women in the double bind of self-expression attributed to mental illness and social rejection, or of self-incrimination according to British colonial law. The woman who commits sati takes the form of the subaltern in Spivak's work, a form much of postcolonial studies takes very seriously. The Australian rock band Tlot Tlot's song "The Bonebass Suttee" on their 1991 album A Day at the Bay is about the practice. The 2005 novel The Ashram by Indian writer Sattar Memon, deals with the plight of an oppressed young woman in India, under pressure to commit suttee and the endeavours of a western spiritual aspirant to save her.
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They hold that at one side Sneferu is depicted as generous and kind, while on the other side he shows an accostable character when he addresses a subaltern, namely Djadjaemankh, with "my brother". Both go even further and describe Sneferu as being bawdy when he tells Djadjaemankh how the female rowers shall be dressed and look like. Lepper and Liechtheim evaluate the story of Djadjaemankh as some sort of satire, in which a pharaoh is depicted as a fatuous fool, who is easily pleased with superficial entertainment and unable to solve his problem with a little rowing girl on his own. Furthermore the author of Djadjaemankh's tale places the main actor intellectually higher than the pharaoh and criticizes the pharaoh with this.
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In their work we can read two definite aims: # to seek out a popular revolutionary tradition that could inspire contemporary activists; and yet # to apply a Marxist economic approach which placed an emphasis on social conditions rather than supposed "Great Men". This dualism was represented by Marx and Engels' dictum that "men make their own history, but they do not do so in conditions of their own choosing", which is regularly paraphrased in CPHG members' texts. Revisiting and reinstating popular agency in the narrative of British history required originality and determination in the research process, to draw out marginal voices from texts in which they were barely mentioned or active. The techniques influenced both feminist historians and the Subaltern Studies Group, writing the histories of marginalised groups.
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During the 1960s and later, he wrote a range of books about Australia, Sydney and Sydney Opera House. His most well-known book was written about his trip around Australia, The Scarce Australians, published by Penguin in 1969. The book was based on a journey undertaken between May and September 1965. The dust-jacket of the Penguin edition of The Scarce Australians summarizes the authors life and journalistic career thus: > Born and educated in Sydney...AIF field artillery subaltern in WWII... sub- > editor in Fleet Street ...copy-editor in Canada ...staff correspondent for > Australian papers in New York and London... sometime resident in Middle East > and Papua In 1978 he was in an accident where he almost lost an arm.
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Richard Bourke, 6th Earl of Mayo, who was Governor-General of India at the time of the Female Infanticide Prevention Act, 1870. A review of scholarship by Miller has shown that the majority of female infanticides in India during the colonial period occurred in the north- west, and that it was widespread although not all groups carried out this practice. David Arnold, a member of the subaltern studies group who has used a lot of contemporary sources, says that various methods of outright infanticide were used, including reputedly including poisoning with opium, strangulation and suffocation. Poisonous substances such as the root of the plumbago rosea and arsenic were used for abortion, with the latter also ironically being used as an aphrodisiac and cure for male impotence.
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According to the Book of Offices of Pseudo-Kodinos, written shortly after the mid-14th century, the epi tou stratou was a subaltern official of the megas domestikos, the commander-in-chief of the Byzantine army. On campaign, he scouted ahead of the army to find a suitable camping place, but his choice had to be confirmed by the megas domestikos. Most of the holders were military commanders, and their actual responsibilities were wider than implied by Pseudo-Kodinos; according to Rodolphe Guilland, in reality it appears that the office was simply conferred to give its holder a place in the imperial hierarchy. In Pseudo-Kodinos' work, the office ranked 29th in the imperial hierarchy, between the prōtasēkrētis and the mystikos.
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He was born in Ladybrand, Orange Free State and in his youth grew up in Natal. His family members had fought against the British during the Second Boer War. Pienaar joined the artillery branch of the Natal Police (NP) in 1911, and transferred to the Union Defence Forces (UDF) when they took over the NP in 1913. In World War I, he first served as an artilleryman in the South West Africa campaign, then with the South African Overseas Expeditionary Force in German East Africa in the South African Field Artillery Brigade and was mentioned several times in dispatches and then later in Palestine from 1917 until 1918 finishing the war with the rank of subaltern in the British Army.
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A replica of the Coehorn mortars used by Wightman's troops, a weapon the Highlanders had not previously encountered John Henry Bastide, a subaltern in Montague's regiment who had a long career as a military engineer drew a detailed plan of the battlefield and the movements of the opposing forces soon after the battle. The section detailing the battle itself is missing but it is possible to reconstruct the main elements. Tullibardine prepared a strong position near the Five Sisters hills, with the Spanish in the centre and the Highlanders on the flanks behind a series of trenches and barricades. Wightman's force arrived about 4:00 pm on 10 June and began the attack an hour later by firing their mortars at the Jacobite flanking positions.
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Contemporary literature in the region is vibrant and varied, ranging from the best-selling Paulo Coelho and Isabel Allende to the more avant-garde and critically acclaimed work of writers such as Diamela Eltit, Ricardo Piglia, or Roberto Bolaño. There has also been considerable attention paid to the genre of testimonio, texts produced in collaboration with subaltern subjects such as Rigoberta Menchú. Finally, a new breed of chroniclers is represented by the more journalistic Carlos Monsiváis and Pedro Lemebel. The region boasts five Nobel Prizewinners: in addition to the Colombian García Márquez (1982), also the Chilean poet Gabriela Mistral (1945), the Guatemalan novelist Miguel Ángel Asturias (1967), the Chilean poet Pablo Neruda (1971), and the Mexican poet and essayist Octavio Paz (1990).
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ColonelThe use of English terminology for their grades of command was common in the Nepalese army, but the powers of the different ranks did not correspond with those of the British system. The title of General was assumed by Bhimsen Thapa, as Commander-in-chief, and enjoyed by himself alone; of Colonels there were three or four only; all principal officers of the court, commanding more than one battalion. The title of Major was held by the adjutant of a battalion or independent company; and Captain was the next grade to colonel, implying the command of a corps. Luftun, or Lieutenant, was the style of the officers commanding companies under the Captain; and then followed the subaltern ranks of Soobadar, Jemigns.
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Thomas Henry Shadwell Clerke, KH (1792–1849), was an Irish soldier and military journalist. Clerke was a native of Bandon, Cork. Being intended for the army, a profession also adopted by his brothers, St. John Augustus Clerke, who died a lieutenant-general and colonel 75th Foot, 17 January 1870 and William Clerke, afterwards a major in the 77th Foot, he was sent to the Royal Military College, Great Marlow, where he distinguished himself by his abilities. He was appointed to an ensigncy without purchase in 1808 and as a subaltern in 28th and 5th Foot, he served through the Peninsular campaigns until the loss of his right leg in the combat at Redinha in 1811 incapacitated him for further active service.
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He was promoted to be lieutenant on 28 June 1808. Robe took part in Sir John Moore's retreat to Coruña, was engaged at the actions of Pombal, Sabugal, Fuentes d'Onore, El Boden, Badajos, Tarifa, Salamanca and the preceding attacks, Madrid, Burgos, Nivelle, Nive, Adour, and Bayonne. He was in no fewer than thirty-three actions as a subaltern, and was mentioned by Wellington for his distinguished conduct at Nivelle and Nive, where he commanded a mountain battery of artillery carried on mules. Robe was one of the four officers of William Norman Ramsay's Troop of Horse Artillery struck down near La Haye Sainte, at the Battle of Waterloo, and died from the effects of his wounds on the following day, 19 June 1815.
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If the moral element of the infraction no doubt belongs to the person who commits it, since the delegate has no autonomy, the perception of the material element is more problematic. If the decider had respected the law, he would have ordered the subordinate to act or not to act in a certain way; he would not have respected the restrictions of regulation but he would have had them respected by a subaltern. When they have not been respected the decision-maker appears not as a material author of the infraction but as a moral author, almost an accomplice. Often applied to infractions of omission, nonetheless, the distinction between a material author and one who simply had an offending desire is tenuous.
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118–119 "The author claims that God woke him up during sleep and commissioned him to write it by 'telling' him what to write" as if hearing the contents of Akilam told by Narayana to his consort Lakshmi.G. Patrick, Religion and Subaltern Agency, Chapter 5, p. 119 "It is presented as if Vishnu is narrating the whole story to his consort Leksmi" In addition to the mythological events Akilam also provides an extensive quantity of historical facts,Pon. T. Dharmarasan, Akilathirattu, p. 183. especially that of mid and late 2nd millennium CE. While the original text is damaged, the daughter versions such as the Swamithope version, the Kottangadu version as well as the Panchalankurichi versions, are the earliest existing palm-leaf versions of Akilam.
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In recognition of the importance of her work, Professor Chabram-Dernersesian was selected for the Davis Humanities Institute Seminar on Health, Medicine, and Culture in a Globalizing World. Professor Angie Chabram-Dernersesian’s current research and teaching are firmly located in Chicana/o (feminist) cultural studies, a critical intervention which she views as including representations of the body, community, health, and illness. Generally speaking, she is interested in promoting transnational/ global cultural studies networks and collaborative work teams that provide critical literacy for marginalized and subaltern communities that have not had access to higher learning and are underrepresented within the primary of circuits of cultural production. At the University of California at Davis Professor Chabram- Dernersesian focuses her attention on mentoring undergraduate as well as graduate students.
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As in the Westcar Papyrus, a subaltern is addressed by a king as "my brother" and the king is depicted as being accostable and simple-minded. Furthermore, both stories talk about the same king, Sneferu. The Papyrus pAthen contains the phrase: "...for these are the wise who can move waters and make a river flow at their mere will and want...", which clearly refers to the wonder that the magicians Djadjaemankh and Dedi had performed in the Westcar story. Since pAthen, pBerlin 3023 and The prophecy of Neferti use the same manner of speaking and quaint phrases, complete with numerous allusions to the wonders of Papyrus Westcar, Lepper and Lichtheim hold that Dedi, Ubaoner and Djadjaemankh must have been known to Egyptian authors for a long time.
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In 1992, while still at Stanford, Gupta along with fellow Stanford anthropologist James Ferguson wrote the well-known and oft-cited essay, "Beyond 'Culture': Space, Identity, and the Politics of Difference." which argued that the analytic concept of culture had remained largely unproblematized by anthropological discourse, and that anthropologists of the day had failed to recognize and analyze the politics of cultural difference, how such differences were produced, and how such differences were used and abused by the state and by capital. The article argues for the examination of cultural anthropology as an unconscious mechanism of neo-imperialism. Gupta has done extensive work in rural North India. In his book, Postcolonial Developments: Agriculture in the Making of Modern India, Gupta analyzes whether and how post-colonial theory can be applied to subaltern rural places.
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Finally, based on a vote of the officers of each unit, three Captains and three subalterns of the Regiment of Mounted Grenadiers, two Captains and two subalterns of each infantry unit and one Captain and one subaltern of Artillery were to be appointed Legionnaires. In addition, twenty five sergeants, corporals or soldiers (from across all units) were to be selected by the Council of the Legion for appointment as Legionnaires based on distinguished performance during the battle. The establishing decree further provided that subsequent appointments could only be made by the Council of the Legion where individuals had demonstrated 'distinguished personal merit'; these appointments were not restricted to the military but could include ministers of religion, judges, government administrators, intelligentsia, artists or any other person found to have suitably distinguished themselves.
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Central to Leaños' art practice and cultural work lies the investigation of the documentary as a transformative discursive system where subaltern histories, untold stories and decolonial perspectives arise in fictional and non-fictional forms. Through the use of documentary animation Leaños has made vast contributions to media art in the United States and the globe. Leaños is director and author of the mariachi performance Imperial Silence: Una Ópera Muerta (A Dead Opera in Four Acts) in collaboration with choreographer Joel Valentín-Martínez and the Mariachi Ensemble Los Cuatro Vientos. This "dead opera" fuses dark-humored animation with Mexican baile folklórico, modern dance, traditional Mariachi music, hip- hop, and borderlands blues. From 2000 to 2004, Leaños was a part of artist collective Los Cybrids: La Raza Techno-Críitca, which critically engaged high technology from Latino perspectives.
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Memorial to George Butterworth at the Pozières Memorial, inscribed: Plaque, Deerhurst Church At the outbreak of the First World War, Butterworth, together with several of his friends, including Geoffrey Toye and R. O. Morris, joined the British Army as a private in the Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry, but he soon accepted a commission as a subaltern (2nd Lieutenant) in the 13th Battalion Durham Light Infantry, and he was later temporarily promoted to lieutenant. He was known as G. S. Kaye-Butterworth in the Army. Butterworth's letters are full of admiration for the ordinary miners of County Durham who served in his platoon. As part of 23rd Division, the 13th DLI was sent into action to capture the western approaches of the village of Contalmaison on The Somme.
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In 2001, he exhibited his paintings and sculptures at the Museum of Asian Art (Museum für Asiatische Kunst) in Berlin, Germany in a series titled Inspirationen. The Museum of Asian Art later acquired twelve of Singh's paintings and sculptures for its permanent collection, as did the National Gallery of Modern Art in New Delhi, India, which collected three of his paintings. Singh was awarded the Artist's Fulbright Fellowship as part of the Fulbright Program and researched on the cathartic symbolism of religious iconography in the context of the east-west subaltern dialogue. For the next decade, Singh continued to exhibit his contemporary figurative works in venues as varied as Barcelona, Budapest, Munich, and Mumbai with pieces as multifaceted as self-portrait photography works, canvases and sequined fiberglass sculptures.
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No one had to be put to shame when the word was used. By doing so, semiologist Torabully was in a way replicating the technique of word coinage of Aimé Césaire, who invented the term "négritude" as the result of an analysis of the situation of the subaltern. It was a means of distorting the one who used the term to suit malignant and derogatory objectives. Thence, the semiologist, basing his invention on the oceanic centrality of the coolie voyage - the Indian Ocean is thought as a space with the capacity of re-inventing one's identities and as a full character in itself, able to engage in a dialogue with the Atlantic - devised a humanism of diversity in the process, deepening the "jahaji bhai and behen" memory during the crossing on coolie ships.
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Under the command of the Senior Drum Major, the Massed Bands march and countermarch on Horse Guards Parade in slow and quick time. The slow march music is traditionally the Waltz from Les Huguenots. During the quick march, a lone drummer from the Corps of Drums breaks away from the massed bands, marching to two paces to the right of No. 1 Guard to take his post while the band marches on, stopping just near the colour party. The Trooping of the Colour phase of the ceremony is initiated by the lone drummer's eight-bar "Drummer's Call", signalling the Captain of No. 1 Guard to cede his command to the Subaltern of No.1 Guard and move to take his new position at the right of No.2 Guard.
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In 1786, Petrie set up a private observatory as a geographical and navigational aid in his residence in Egmore, Chennai, India,Cited by Raghunathan, M. S. and Rajasakaran, G. in "Subaltern Science in the South, 1792-1947", chapter 22 in , pp.669-719. recording the first modern astronomical observations outside Europe on 5 December 1786. His observatory and instruments later contributed to the first modern observatory outside Europe, the Madras Observatory, being established in nearby Nungambakkam; an original instrument (a gridiron astronomical clock made by John Shelton) donated by Petrie to the observatory can be seen at the Kodaikanal Solar Observatory. Petrie's efforts led to Michael Topping (1747–96) being appointed as the astronomer of this observatory by the Company (the observatory later evolved into Indian Institute of Astrophysics).
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A people's history is the history as the story of mass movements and of the outsiders. Individuals not included in the past in other type of writing about history are part of history-from-below theory's primary focus, which includes the disenfranchised, the oppressed, the poor, the nonconformists, the subaltern and the otherwise forgotten people. This theory also usually focuses on events occurring in the fullness of time, or when an overwhelming wave of smaller events cause certain developments to occur. This revisionist approach to writing history is in direct opposition to methods which tend to emphasize single great figures in history, referred to as the Great Man theory; it argues that the driving factor of history is the daily life of ordinary people, their social status and profession.
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Louis Edward Nolan (4 January 1818 – 25 October 1854) was a British Army officer and cavalry tactician best known for his role and death in the Charge of the Light Brigade during the Crimean War. Born to a minor diplomatic official and his wife, Nolan was educated at the Austrian Inhaber Pioneer School at Tulln, where he was noted as an enthusiastic horseman and military theorist. After early graduation he was commissioned as a subaltern in the 10th Austrian Hussar regiment, serving in Austria, Hungary and on the Polish frontier, where he again became known for his horsemanship and was promoted to senior lieutenant. Due to the nepotism inherent in the Austro-Hungarian armed forces, Nolan succeeded in transferring to the British Army as a Cornet in the 15th Light Dragoons.
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He crossed to France on 14 September 1915.National Archives, War Office: Soldiers’ Documents, First World War ‘Burnt Documents’; Officers' Services, First World War, Long Number Papers, 'Captain Henry Norman Davey' (reference WO 339/16155); Service Medal and Award Rolls Index, First World War (reference WO 372/5/173287). Initially he served with the Signal Service on operations in France and Flanders, describing himself as "The Only Subaltern Who Has Instructed The Director of Army Signals in the Use of the Telephone" in a humorous article entitled "The Telephone at the Front," which appeared in Punch in November 1915.17 November 1915. He was posted to Fifth Army Signals after that formation came into existence, and, later in the war, to General Headquarters, British Armies in France, to do duty on attachment with General Staff (Training).
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Major André walked from the > stone house, in which he had been confined, between two of our subaltern > officers, arm in arm; the eyes of the immense multitude were fixed on him, > who, rising superior to the fears of death, appeared as if conscious of the > dignified deportment which he displayed. He betrayed no want of fortitude, > but retained a complacent smile on his countenance, and politely bowed to > several gentlemen whom he knew, which was respectfully returned. It was his > earnest desire to be shot, as being the mode of death most conformable to > the feelings of a military man, and he had indulged the hope that his > request would be granted. At the moment, therefore, when suddenly he came in > view of the gallows, he involuntarily started backward, and made a pause.
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He stayed at the same camping place as he had on his first trip. In 1882 one traveller described pitching their group's tent in front of the houses which were inhabited by a corporal and his wife who provided the travellers with a bucket of milk. In 1824 two French expeditioners Dumont D'Urville and Rene-Primevre Lesson found the site delightful and the surroundings picturesque. At this time the military post held six soldiers and a corporal. In the mid 1820s the military establishment increased and instructions given for building a log hut 30 feet long x 15 feet wide (9.14x4.57 metres) with a partition to accommodate a subaltern officer in 1826. In 1827 the station occupied by a non-commissioned officer and 10-12 men of the 57th regiment.
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On the same night, a subaltern officer entered the city to inform the Venetian commanders that the Turks had prepared six ships at the Vardar River for use against the Venetian galleys in the harbour, which had been left defenceless since all available forces were concentrated in manning the city wall. Fearing that their retreat would be cut off, the Venetian commanders ordered Diedo and his men to withdraw from the wall to man the ships and the harbour defences. They did not, however, notify the population, and around midnight, Christians from the Ottoman camp approached the walls and announced that the final assault would take place the next day, from land and sea. The news spread throughout the city and panicked the populace, who spent the night in terrified vigil in the churches.
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This was a suitable peak as Joe Chamberlain had once said of him: 'Monk Bretton knows more about local government than any other man of my acquaintance'. Monk Bretton's father-in- law The Times obituary described him: :'Throughout his life he showed an unflagging perseverance in every sphere to which he devoted himself, but he never allowed his industry to overwhelm him, as it does with some with his temperament'. 2nd Lord Monk Bretton and Ruth Brand, wedding day photo, Firle, East Sussex, 19 August 1911. He was also a JP; Deputy Lieutenant (Sussex); in politics a Unionist; a subaltern in 1st Cinque Port Rifle Volunteers, and during the First World War he was a Major in the Sussex Yeomanry and was attached to the Naval Intelligence Department.
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The Royal Swedish Naval Staff College was established by regulations on 11 March 1898. According to regulations and teaching charters (23 October 1908 with amendments on 29 September 1911 and 29 June 1912) the Royal Swedish Naval Staff College had the purpose to educate naval officers and give them expanded knowledge in those subjects which were important to pursue the purpose of the maritime defense. The education was in 1914 a one-year long general course for subaltern officers and a one-year long advanced course (general, artillery, torpedo and naval mine courses) for officers, who had completed the general course. Subjects covered in the general course were strategy, tactics, coastal fortress, land warfare, military coastal geography, artillery, torpedo, naval mine, physics and mathematics (the latter was optional).
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Wills was baptised at St. Goran, Cornwall, on 23October 1666, the son of Anthony Wills of St Goran, and his wife 'Jenofer' (Guinevere). His father, whose family had been settled in Cornwall since early in the sixteenth century, farmed his own land, and, having encumbered his estate with debts, quit the same at the English Civil War and offered his services and those of six of his sons to the Prince of Orange, who, it is said, gave them all commissions. Charles Wills appears to have been appointed a subaltern in Colonel Thomas Erle's foot regiment (disbanded in 1698), with which corps he served in the Irish campaign. On 1July 1691 he was appointed captain in the 19th Regiment of Foot, the colonelcy of which had been bestowed on Erle on 1 January 1691.
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Baillie-Stewart's father was Lieutenant Colonel Cron Hope Baillie Wright, an officer in the British Indian Army who served in the 62nd Punjabis during the First World War. His mother was from a family with a long tradition of military service. Baillie-Stewart attended Bedford School and the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, where as a cadet, he served as an orderly to Prince Henry, a younger son of King George V. In January 1929, still a cadet, he changed his surname from Wright to Baillie-Stewart, perhaps under the belief that he was looked down upon by more senior officers. He graduated tenth in the order of merit and in February 1929 received a commission as a subaltern in the Seaforth Highlanders although he soon grew to dislike army life.
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Churchill aged 21 as a subaltern in the 4th Hussars, 1895 The introduction notes that Churchill endeavoured to write the book from his point of view at the time of the events, but it contains different commentaries on the events described in the other books, many of which were originally written as contemporary newspaper columns. From his perspective of writing in 1930, he notes that he has 'drawn a picture of a vanished age'. The book also notes an observation by the French ambassador to Britain between 1900 and 1920, that during his time, a silent revolution had occurred, which totally replaced the ruling class of Britain. The book was published after the Conservative Party lost the 1929 election and consequently Churchill ceased to be a member of the government.
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98–117) established the first all-camel cavalry unit, the Ala I Ulpia dromedariorum Palmyrenorum.. The turma was still commanded by a decurio, aided by two subaltern principales (under-officers), a sesquiplicarius (soldier with one-and-a-half times pay) and a duplicarius (soldier with double pay), as well as a signifer or vexillarius (a standard-bearer, cf. vexillum). These ranks corresponded respectively with the infantry's tesserarius (officer of the watch), optio, and signifer.. The exact size of the turma under the Principate, however, is unclear: 30 men was the norm in the Republican army and apparently in the cohortes equitatae, but not for the alae. The De Munitionibus Castrorum, for instance, records that a cohors equitata milliaria numbered exactly 240 troopers, i.e. 30 men per turma,De Munitionibus Castrorum, 26.
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The Chief of the Artillery, Margrave Albert Frederick of Brandenburg- Schwedt noticed his talent, and in 1707 Schultze joined the Artillery corps. There he came to the notice of the future king, Friedrich Wilhelm I, who made him and subaltern in the Life Regiment. With this regiment, he fought in the War of Spanish Succession, especially at the Battle of Malplaquet and in the Siege of Bouchain in 1711. On 13 January 1714, he was promoted to Fähnrich of the Infantry Regiment No. 2 (Jung-Dönhoff). In the Pomerania campaign of the Great Northern War (1715-1716, he fought at Stralsund and was promoted to lieutenant on 28 January 1716; 3 January 1723, staff captain of Infantry Regiment Nr. 28 (Mosel) and, quickly, on 5 June 1723, he received his own company.
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In recent decades there have been four main schools of historiography in how historians study India: Cambridge, Nationalist, Marxist, and subaltern. The once common "persian" approach, with its image of a sensuous, inscrutable, and wholly spiritual India, has died out in serious scholarship. The "Cambridge School", led by Anil Seal,Anil Seal, The Emergence of Indian Nationalism: Competition and Collaboration in the Later Nineteenth Century (1971) Gordon Johnson,Gordon Johnson, Provincial Politics and Indian Nationalism: Bombay and the Indian National Congress 1880–1915 (2005) Richard Gordon, and David A. Washbrook,Rosalind O'Hanlon and David Washbrook, eds. Religious Cultures in Early Modern India: New Perspectives (2011) downplays ideology.Aravind Ganachari, "Studies in Indian Historiography: 'The Cambridge School'", Indica, March 2010, 47#1, pp 70–93 However, this school of historiography is criticised for western bias or Eurocentrism.
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Published: 18 December 2006 Accessed April 2008 The mechanisation of production spread to the countries surrounding England geographically in Europe such as France and to British settler colonies, helping to make those areas the wealthiest, and shaping what is now known as the Western world. Some economic historians argue that the possession of so-called 'exploitation colonies' eased the accumulation of capital to the countries that possessed them, speeding up their development. The consequence was that the subject country integrated a bigger economic system in a subaltern position, emulating the countryside, which demands manufactured goods and offers raw materials, while the colonial power stressed its urban posture, providing goods and importing food. A classical example of this mechanism is said to be the triangular trade, which involved England, southern United States and western Africa.
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It was a thought which pioneered academic rigor in a region that had traditionally lagged in terms of education. It was the time when the erstwhile Rajputana was yet to emerge from the feudal darkness, illiteracy plagued the masses and the doors of formal education remained firmly shut for the downtrodden and the subaltern. These two teachers took upon themselves, the herculean task of taking education, free thought and liberal ideas to the doorsteps of those who were poor by dime, to those who were poor by gender and to those who were poor by birth. Peripatetic instructors, with little or no money put all their heart, mind and spirit into Sahitya Sadawart and laid the foundation of an edifice which was to change the course of things for an entire generation in Jaipur.
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In 1833 he married his first wife, Catherine Baker, and in February 1837, after varied experiences, he began publishing The Confessions of Harry Lorrequer in the recently established Dublin University Magazine. During the previous seven years the popular taste had turned toward the "service novel", examples of which are Frank Mildmay (1829) by Frederick Marryat, Tom Cringle's Log (1829) by Michael Scott, The Subaltern (1825) by George Robert Gleig, Cyril Thornton (1827) by Thomas Hamilton, Stories of Waterloo (1833) by William Hamilton Maxwell, Ben Brace (1840) by Frederick Chamier and The Bivouac (1837), also by Maxwell. Lever had met William Hamilton Maxwell, the titular founder of the genre. Before Harry Lorrequer appeared in volume form (1839), Lever had settled on the strength of a slight diplomatic connection as a fashionable physician in Brussels (Hertogstraat 16).
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Wood ordered the recall, Hackett sounded the 'Retire' and his men returned to the cover of the laager, losing a colour- sergeant, a subaltern and Hackett receiving a blinding head wound; forty-four men were killed or wounded. The Royal Artillery fought their guns in the open and poured round after round directly into the right horn and bombarded the huts with explosive shell and shrapnel to suppress the Zulu riflemen. The rubbish dump was on the other side of the laager and was struck by volley fire which stopped the Zulu reply. During this period the Umcityu massed in dead ground beyond the ravine and another wagon was pushed aside for a company of the 13th Light Infantry to sortie but the light infantry were forced back by the Zulu.
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Waiting for the Barbarians (1980) by J. M. Coetzee depicts the unfair and inhuman situation of people dominated by settlers. To perpetuate and facilitate control of the colonial enterprise, some colonized people, especially from among the subaltern peoples of the British Empire, were sent to attend university in the Imperial Motherland; they were to become the native-born, but Europeanised, ruling class of colonial satraps. Yet, after decolonization, their bicultural educations originated postcolonial criticism of empire and colonialism, and of the representations of the colonist and the colonized. In the late 20th century, after the dissolution of the USSR in 1991, the constituent Soviet Socialist Republics became the literary subjects of postcolonial criticism, wherein the writers dealt with the legacies (cultural, social, economic) of the Russification of their peoples, countries, and cultures in service to Greater Russia.
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He raised a new regiment of Mazhabi Sikhs, the 15th Punjab Pioneers, which volunteered for service in China and took part in the advance on Peking in 1860. At the age of 33, after 16 years away from England, having risen from subaltern cadet to captain, having fought in two wars, and having won the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy, he sailed back home from China on the SS Emau to see his family again. When the ship arrived, his family were all waiting at the quayside to welcome the hero home; only to be told that he had died en route from an illness, probably malaria, and had been buried at sea in the East China Sea.Indian Mutiny & Beyond: The Letters of Robert Shebbeare VC, by Arthur Littlewood, Pen & Sword Military, (2007).
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Tsur, however, has successfully examined things afresh and introduced into the equation naked cultural fears, and even panic publicly voiced by the Ashkenazi leadership of the Jewish state. He has originally tracked the subsequent history of Israeli ethnic strife as being a two-sided conflict; occasionally exacerbated discretely by the Ashkenazi elite (1949 and 1984) and in other times (1959 and 1971) openly ignited by the Mizrahi subaltern class. In so doing Tsur identifies two, partly contradictory world forces at play, nationalism and colonialism, constantly shaping and reshaping relations between European Jews and the Jews of Asia and Africa in the modern period. As an Israeli historian with a deep interest in the annals of Israeli society, Tsur sees this creative tension as vital force in shaping both ethnic stratification but also occasional mobility within the Jewish polity.
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Malaysian Branch, Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, pg 179 In 1881, Abu Bakar also visited Java, which was under Dutch rule. In the same year, he received the visiting King Kalākaua during his tour around the world and was conferred the Grand Cross of the Order of Kalakaua I of Hawaii.Withington, The Golden Cloak, pg 264Noor, The Other Malaysia: Writings on Malaysia's Subaltern History, pg 39 and State Secretary, Muhammad Salleh.Freitag, Indian Ocean Migrants and State Formation in Hadhramaut: Reforming the Homeland, pg 223 In 10 December 1892 at Istana Tyersall, Tyersall, Singapore, the Emperor of China, Guangxu, conveyed by the Consul General in Singapore, bestowed upon him the First Class of the First Grade Order of the Double Dragon for his just treatment of the Chinese in Johor, witnessed by a gathering of Chinese towkays.
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Major General Harold Edward "Pompey" Elliott, (19 June 1878 – 23 March 1931) was a senior officer in the Australian Army during the First World War. After the war he served as a Senator for Victoria in the Australian parliament. Elliott entered the University of Melbourne in 1898 to study law, but left in 1900 to serve in the Imperial Bushmen in the South African War. He was awarded the Distinguished Conduct Medal, and given a British Army commission, but chose to remain with the Victorian Imperial Bushmen as an attached subaltern. He returned to Australia in 1901, but went back to South Africa to serve with the Border Scouts, who patrolled remote and inhospitable areas. In December 1901, he distinguished himself in repelling a numerically superior Boer force, and received a congratulatory telegram from General Lord Kitchener.
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Heaney decided on a permanent career in the army in 1949 and transferred to the Women's Royal Army Corps (WRAC) when it was founded on 1 February 1949. She transferred initially in the rank of subaltern (with seniority of 2 September 1941) but was immediately promoted to junior commander (with seniority of 2 September 1945). Heaney was awarded the Efficiency Decoration on 13 April 1951. By this time the WRAC had adopted the British Army's officer ranks and she held the substantive rank of captain and temporary rank of major. During 1952 Heaney served on the headquarters of 79th Anti-Aircraft Brigade of the Royal Artillery and on 2 September was promoted to the permanent rank of major. From 1952 to 1955 Heaney served as a trainer in Western Command and from 1955 served with 1 Independent Company WRAC.
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In the chapter on Felipe Salvador, Ileto does not only rely on colonial sources but incorporates local Filipino writings of the time, and more importantly, using Salvador's own affidavit "Narrative of the Feelings and Supplications of the Accused Major Felipe Salvador" of 1899 as well as local language newspaper reports of his execution and his own words. Ileto's seems to be the first and only historiographical account of Salvador and Santa Iglesia that incorporates Salvador's own voice and agency. Instead of subjected to being described, constructed and reconstructed from within the limits of how he was presented in the police constabulary and Philippine Reports, here Ileto gives Salvador his own voice, articulating his own subaltern motivations, desires and fears. Ileto discovers aspects of Salvador and Santa Iglesia that other analyses have not been able to explore.
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Tieren (; "Iron Man") is a 2009 Chinese film directed by Li Yin based on the life of the model worker Wang Jinxi, played by Wu Gang. The film was released on Labor Day (May 1), 2009 as part of the celebration of the sixtieth anniversary of the founding of the PRC.Wanning Sun -Subaltern China: Rural Migrants, Media, and Cultural Practices 2014 1442236787 When Li and his colleagues screened the film, migrant workers' enthusiasm was ... This can be seen in a new film simply named Iron Man (Tieren, 2009), which was released on Labor Day (May 1, 2009) as part of the celebration of the sixtieth anniversary of the founding of the PRC. Wu Gang won the Golden Rooster Award for Best Actor 2009, Shanghai Film Critics Award for Best Actor and was also nominated for Huabiao Award for Outstanding Actor.
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Strategic essentialism, on the other hand, denotes a temporary, essential group-identity used in the praxis of discourse among peoples. Furthermore, essentialism can occasionally be applied—by the so-described people—to facilitate the subaltern's communication in being heeded, heard, and understood, because a strategic essentialism (a fixed and established subaltern identity) is more readily grasped, and accepted, by the popular majority, in the course of inter-group discourse. The important distinction, between the terms, is that strategic essentialism does not ignore the diversity of identities (cultural and ethnic) in a social group, but that, in its practical function, strategic essentialism temporarily minimizes inter-group diversity to pragmatically support the essential group-identity. Spivak developed and applied Foucault's term epistemic violence to describe the destruction of non-Western ways of perceiving the world and the resultant dominance of the Western ways of perceiving the world.
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The Journal of Holy Land and Palestine Studies (formerly Holy Land Studies) is a biannual peer-reviewed academic journal published by Edinburgh University Press. The editor-in-chief is Nur-eldeen Masalha, who co-founded the journal with Michael Prior in 2002.Holy Land Studies PDF information page at St. Mary's University College (Twickenham) website. The journal covers a wide range of topics: "two nations" and "three faiths"; conflicting Israeli and Palestinian perspectives; social and economic conditions; religion and politics in the Middle East; Palestine in history and today; ecumenism, and interfaith relations; modernisation and postmodernism; religious revivalisms and fundamentalisms; Zionism, Neo-Zionism, Christian Zionism, counter-Zionism and Post-Zionism; theologies of liberation in Palestine and Israel; colonialism, imperialism, settler-colonialism, post-colonialism and decolonisation; "History from below" and Subaltern studies; "One-state" and "Two States" solutions in Palestine and Israel; Crusader studies, Genocide studies, and Holocaust studies.
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The 2nd and 3rd Light Horse and the 5th Mounted Brigades in the vicinity of Es Salt together with the Australian Mounted Division's headquarters were completely reliant on a single line of communication from the Ghoraniyeh bridgehead in the Jordan Valley; all their communications and supplies had to travel the Umm esh Shert track. Ammunition and food were running short, and as no vehicles could get up the track, fresh supplies had to be sent up to Es Salt during the night of 1/2 May on about 200 donkeys. They were collected at Ghoraniyeh bridgehead in the evening, loaded with ammunition and stores and sent off in charge of a subaltern of the gunners. They reached Es Salt in the morning, delivered their supplies to Es Salt on the plateau and returned safely to Ghoraniyeh; a distance of through appallingly rugged and precipitous country.
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Raugh ibid. p. 213 MacDonald served as a subaltern in the First Boer War (1880–81), and at the Battle of Majuba Hill, where he was made prisoner, his bravery was so conspicuous that General Joubert gave him back his sword. In 1885 he served under Sir Evelyn Wood in the reorganization of the Egyptian army, and took part in the Nile Expedition of that year. In 1888 he became a regimental captain in the British service, but continued in Egyptian service, concentrating on training Sudanese troops. In 1889 he received the Distinguished Service Order for his conduct at the Battle of Toski and in 1891, after the action at Tokar, he was promoted substantive major. During the Mahdist War, MacDonald commanded a brigade of the Egyptian army in the Dongola Expedition (1896), and subsequently distinguished himself at Abu Hamed (7 August 1897) and Atbara (8 April 1898).
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Main article: Latinx Philosophy Latinx philosophy is a contemporary thought practice concerned with Latinxs, including the political, social, epistemic, and linguistic significance of Latino/a peoples and cultures. Often written in Spanish of English, Latinx philosophical writing often explores themes such as postcolonial thought, ecultural and philosophical identity, philosophical anthropology, feminism, Marxism, philosophy of liberation, political independence, and subaltern studies. Major figures in Latinx philosophy include: Walter Mignolo (1941-), Maria Lugones (1948-), and Susana Nuccetelli (1954) from Argentina ; Jorge J. E. Gracia (1942), Gustavo Pérez Firmat (1949) and Ofelia Schutte (1944) from Cuba; Linda Martín Alcoff (1955) from Panama; Giannina Braschi (1953) from Puerto Rico; and Eduardo Mendieta (1963) from Colombia. Latinx philosophical writing also explores region-specific ethics and philosophical approaches, such as Aztec ethics, the Chicano movement, Mexican existentialism, Puerto Rican Independence and the intersection of race and gender in Latin American and Latinx identity.
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Monsoon Selection Board: Corporal Dand MacNeill seeks to become an officer, and is examined by an officer selection board in India during the final part of World War II. Despite performing every task badly, often trying to answer cleverly and failing miserably, he is approved and commissioned due to his apparent dogged determination to complete the assault course. He perseveres in his futile attempts to cross a mud filled ditch, although the examining officers advise him to 'call it a day' and climb out. In reality he was unwilling to finish or turn back, as he had lost his trousers while floundering in the mud, and had resolved to stay in the water to avoid embarrassment. Silence in the Ranks: Subaltern MacNeill joins an unidentified Highland regiment as a platoon commander, and finds it difficult to conform to the regiment's family atmosphere and to identify with the men he commands.
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Returning to India in 1856 as subaltern of engineers, he was nonetheless decorated with the order of Companion of the Bath, and also with that of the Medjidie, by virtue of his rank and services in the Turkish army. Ballard was appointed to proceed with Captain (later Sir Henry) Green on a mission to Herat; but the mission having been abandoned, he served as Assistant-Quarter-Master-General in the Persian campaign (1856–57), and afterwards in the same capacity in the Indian mutiny with the Rajputana Field Force, taking part in the pursuit and rout of Tantia Topee's forces. His promotion thereafter was singularly rapid, advancing in 1858 from lieutenant to lieutenant-colonel and by 1861 to lieutenant general. Ballard returned home in 1861 and married Joanna Scott Moncrieff, daughter of Robert Scott Moncrieff, Advocate Chamberlain of Dalkeith, and Susannah Scott Moncrieff née Pringle, on 30 April 1861 in Edinburgh.
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Junior officer, company officer or company grade officer refers to the lowest operational commissioned officer category of ranks in a military or paramilitary organization, ranking above non-commissioned officers and below senior officers. The terms company officer or company-grade officer are used more in the Army, Air Force, or Marine Corps as the ranks of captain, lieutenant grades and other subaltern ranks originated from the officers in command of a company or equivalent (cavalry squadron/troop and artillery battery). In many armed forces, a junior officer is specifically a commissioned officer holding rank equivalent to a naval lieutenant, an army captain or a flight lieutenant or below. In the United States Armed Forces, the term junior officer is used by the Navy and the Coast Guard for officers in the ranks of ensign (O-1), lieutenant, junior grade (O-2), lieutenant (O-3),and lieutenant commander (O-4).
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The last fully independent ruler, Mir Safdar Khan, who ruled from 1886, escaped to China after an invasion by the British. In the late 19th century Hunza became embroiled in the Great Game, the rivalry between Britain and Russia for control of the northern approaches to India. The British suspected Russian involvement "with the Rulers of the petty States on the northern boundary of Kashmir"; Forty-one years in India - From Subaltern To Commander-In-Chief, Lord Roberts of Kandahar - The Hunza-Nagar Campaign In 1888 the Russian Captain Bronislav Grombchevsky visited Hunza, and the following year the British Captain Francis Younghusband visited Hunza to express British displeasure at Kanjuti raids in the Raskam. Younghusband formed a low opinion of the ruler, Safdar Ali, describing him as "a cur at heart and unworthy of ruling so fine a race as the people of Hunza".
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The University of León is a Spanish public university with campus in León and Ponferrada. The germ of the university is found in 1843, when it was created the Normal School for Teachers or Masters Seminar of Public Instruction and the subaltern school of Veterinary Medicine, founded in 1852, laying the foundations of Leon future university. Founded in 1979 as a splitting of the University of Oviedo, from the various schools and colleges that depend on that, more or less existed long ago in the city of Leon. In recent years the university has signed important cooperation agreements, among which the one signed with the University of Washington, which has allowed the installation in Leon of the second European Headquarters this university to learn Spanish, with capacity for 500 students, and signed with the Xiangtan University, which has led to the establishment in the city of Confucius Institute.
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The Generalplan Ost (; ), abbreviated GPO, was the Nazi German government's plan for the genocide"As a matter of fact, Hitler wanted to commit Genocide against the Slavic peoples, in order to colonize the East" Empire, Colony, Genocide: Conquest, Occupation, and Subaltern Resistance in World History by A. Dirk Moses, Berghahn Books, 2008, page 20 and ethnic cleansing on a vast scale, and colonization of Central and Eastern Europe by Germans. It was to be undertaken in territories occupied by Germany during World War II. The plan was attempted during the war, resulting indirectly and directly in millions of deaths of ethnic Slavs by shootings, starvation, disease, or extermination through labor. But its full implementation was not considered practicable during the major military operations, and was prevented by Germany's defeat.WISSENSCHAFT - PLANUNG - VERTREIBUNG. Der Generalplan Ost der Nationalsozialisten· Eine Ausstellung der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft © 2006Dietrich Eichholtz»Generalplan Ost« zur Versklavung osteuropäischer Völker.
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Solomon Raj, New Wine Skins: The Story of the Indigenous Missions in coastal Andhra Pradesh, published by the ISPCK, New Delhi for the Mylapore Institute for Indigenous Studies, Madras, 2003. Roger E. Hedlund, SBM (1999)Roger E. Hedlund, Christian History from the Under Side: Indian Instituted Churches and Indigenous Christianity, Keynote address, Conference on Subaltern Perspectives on Seminary Training, Centre for Dalit Solidarity, Dharmaram College, Bangalore, 23 October 1998, Cited in P. Solomon Raj, The New Wine-Skins: The Story of Indigenous Mission in Andhra Pradesh, India, ISPCK/MIIS, New Delhi/Madras, 2003, p.157. had also conducted studies on the new and indigenous Churches in India that were centred around Gospel but independent of any western influence which even the Old Testament Scholar Victor Premasagar, CSI (2003) heaped praises on such indigenous missions as not only espousing the Gospel but also the Indian ethos.
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82 The worst potential effects of the system were mitigated during intensive conflicts such as the Napoleonic Wars by heavy casualties among senior ranks, which resulted in many non- purchase vacancies, and also discouraged wealthy dilettantes who were not keen on active service, thereby ensuring that many commissions were exchanged for their face value only. There was also the possibility of promotion to brevet army ranks for deserving officers. An officer might be a subaltern or Captain in his regiment, but might hold a higher local rank if attached to other units or allied armies, or might be given a higher Army rank by the Commander-in- Chief or the Monarch in recognition of meritorious service or a notable feat of bravery. Officers bearing dispatches giving news of a victory (such as Waterloo), often received such promotion, and might be specially selected by a General in the field for this purpose.
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She claimed that private ownership evolved slowly in India with the coercion of producers, such that before the British occupation of the country, prerequisites for production relations were already being established in the agricultural system of the country. Whereas some scholars claimed that the rise and fall of dominions in India were essentially manifestations of a static socio-economic structure, with state power changing hands and not facing any social conflicts or subaltern revolts, Ashrafyan contended that by the late medieval period, there were peasant uprisings against Mughal rule, chiefly caused by wealthy agriculturalists wanting a larger share of the revenue and power. Indeed, she posited two stages of feudalism, an early phase up to the 13th century and a developed phase up to the 18th. In the former, a hierarchical organisation of class established itself, with the peasantry and merchant class subjugated and a new elite lording over them.
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Experts inspecting the Rosetta Stone during the Second International Congress of Orientalists in London, 1874 The participation in academic studies by scholars from the newly independent nations of the region itself inevitably changed the nature of studies considerably, with the emergence of post-colonial studies and Subaltern Studies. The influence of Orientalism (in the sense used by Edward Said in his book of the same name) in scholarship on the Middle East was seen to have re- emerged and risen in prevalence again after the end of the Cold War. It is contended that this was partly a response to "a lacuna" in identity politics in international relations generally, and within the 'West' particularly, which was brought about by the absence of Soviet communism as a global adversary.Jochen Hippler and Andrea Lueg (eds.), The Next Threat: Western Perceptions of Islam (Pluto Press/The Transnational Institute, London, 1995), p. 1.
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In 1902 the Corps of Guides won the Cavalry Reconnaissance Competition, in which Howell was the patrol commander. During his time as a cavalry subaltern, Howell developed through regimental life a deep love of polo, although a contemporary was later to write that his interest in training and love for his polo ponies exceeded his skill on the playing field. The same officer, Brigadier General Llewelyn Alberic Emilius Price-Davies, also described him as a fine horseman who could "tent peg or pickup a handkerchief off the ground on a big horse barebacked at the gallop". An insight into his character was a description by another contemporary that he used to ride out often with two or three polo ponies following him loose, like dogs, much to the consternation of the various ladies with whom he had tea, and whose gardens the ponies devastated.
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Each of them led a file of ten troopers, for a grand total of 132 horsemen in each legion.. Their status was distinctly inferior to that of the legionary infantry: the centurions and principales of the legionary turmae were classed as supernumerarii and although their men were included in the legionary cohort lists, they camped separately from them. In the late Roman army, the turma and its structure were retained, with changes in titelature only: the turma was still headed by a decurio, who also led the first ten-strong file, while the other two files were led by subaltern catafractarii, in essence the successors of the early Empire's duplicarii and sesquiplicarii.. Traces of this structure also apparently survived in the 6th-century East Roman army: in the late-6th- century Strategikon of Maurice, the cavalry files are led by a dekarchos (, "leader of ten").
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According to critic Gautaman Bhaskaran, Rickshawkaran, like most other films starring Ramachandran, portrays him simultaneously as an action hero and champion for the downtrodden. Tamil Canadian journalist D. B. S. Jeyaraj also felt the same, adding that Ramachandran portrayed different roles in his films "so that different segments of the population could relate to and identify with him", citing his role of a rickshaw puller in Rickshawkaran, a coxswain in Padagotti (1964) and an agriculturist in Vivasayee (1967) as examples. A writer for the magazine Asiaweek described Rickshawkaran as being a "sympathetic movie" about rickshaw pullers in Madras (now Chennai). S. Rajanayagam wrote in the book Popular Cinema and Politics in South India: The Films of MGR and Rajinikanth that in most of his films such as Rickshawkaran, Ramachandran took care to behaviourally exhibit his character's subaltern identity by showing the character engaged in a specific action that characterises the occupation.
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Postcolonial theory holds that decolonized people develop a postcolonial identity that is based on cultural interactions between different identities (cultural, national, and ethnic as well as gender and class based) which are assigned varying degrees of social power by the colonial society. In postcolonial literature, the anti-conquest narrative analyzes the identity politics that are the social and cultural perspectives of the subaltern colonial subjects—their creative resistance to the culture of the colonizer; how such cultural resistance complicated the establishment of a colonial society; how the colonizers developed their postcolonial identity; and how neocolonialism actively employs the 'us-and-them' binary social relation to view the non-Western world as inhabited by 'the other'. According to Indian academic Jaydeep Sarangi, one of the profound practices of postcolonial discourse is the celebration of 'the local'. Arguing in favour of voicing the margin/periphery (dalits), in the introduction to his book, Presentations of Postcolonialism in English: New Orientations, he gives reference to Maoris and Aborigines.
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On D-Day, he was a Subaltern and decorated with the Military Cross for his actions during the fight for Caen by Field Marshal Montgomery. His citation read: "As a result of his courage and determined leadership, anti-tank guns, troops and an anti-tank regiment of the Royal Artillery were able to get up to the objective for consolidation at a very early stage in the battle." E. Crush Detailed Cricketing Career Statistics Crush played First Class cricket for Kent as a right-arm fast/medium swing bowler, occasional seamer as well as a lower order batsman. The highlight of his career was dismissing Don Bradman in 1948 when Kent played the touring Australian Cricket Team.Cricinfo "Eddie Crush dies aged 90" 3 July 2007 Wisden Cricketers' Almanack2008 Edition page 1556 stated “Later that month, in front of 19,000 people on the same ground, he dismissed Bradman (morally) twice in the same innings.
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On October 31, 1821, the City Council of Cartago invited those of the other populations of the Partido of Costa Rica to send to that city legates with broad powers, in order to decide the way forward to the declaration of absolute independence of Spain formulated on October 11 by the Provincial Delegation of the Province of Nicaragua and Costa Rica. On November 12 the Junta met in Cartago, presided by the Presbyter Nicolás Carrillo y Aguirre, and as the beginning of its sessions coincided with the resignation presented by the Subaltern Political Chief Juan Manuel de Cañas-Trujillo, the Junta assumed the Government of Costa Rica in all its branches. A few days later it was agreed to appoint a seven-member commission to draft a "Provisional Government Plan" that would serve as a "node of agreement" among all the represented populations. The Legates Junta assumed the character of a constituent assembly , although it did not use such a denomination.
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Notwithstanding his aristocratic background, O'Higgins abolished the system of nobility in Chile; establishment of the Legion of Merit helped to fill the void with a more egalitarian recognition system. This was in keeping with the ideals of many of the revolutionaries, but alienated the existing aristocracy. The decree establishing the Legion provided that the initial appointments were for participants at the Battle of Chacabuco with the initial appointments as Grand Officers of the Legion comprising: the Supreme Director of Chile (Bernardo O'Higgins), the Supreme Director of the United Provinces of Rio de la Plata (José de San Martín) and the senior Generals at the Battle of Chacabuco. The initial appointments as Officers of the Legion were to comprise the commanders of the armies at the battle and a Captain from each unit elected by the members of the unit, whilst a subaltern of the General Staff elected by the officers at Chacabuco was to be appointed a Sub-officer of the Legion.
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The Domestics were originally of strikingly low court rank (mere spatharioi), but they gradually rose to importance: while in the Taktikon Uspensky of the Domestic of the Excubitors came behind all the thematic commanders (stratēgoi) in order of precedence, in the Klētorologion of 899, the Domestic is shown as superior to the stratēgoi of the European themes and even to the Eparch of Constantinople. At the same time, the court dignities they held rose to those of prōtospatharios and even patrikios. The Escorial Taktikon, written , records the existence of a "Domestic of the Excubitors of the East" (), and a "Domestic of the Excubitors of the West" (), as well as a subaltern "Domestic of the Excubitors". This has led to the suggestion that, probably under Romanos II (), the regiment, like the senior Scholae, was split in two units, one for the West and one for the East, each headed by a respective Domestic.
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He did not receive any accolades for this act of heroism, though, as while in hospital recuperating he got drunk, climbed onto the hospital roof, and sang "The Ball of Kirriemuir" in its entirety, after which he was arrested yet again by the redcaps. (In The Light's on at Signpost Fraser revealed that "Wullie" was based on a real soldier, whose act of heroism was not a solo march through the desert, but protecting the colonel by defying the Japanese in a POW camp.)Epilogue, The Light's on at Signpost. The General Danced at Dawn: The Colonel is soon to retire, and the battalion is determined to make a good show at an upcoming inspection before he does. In the event, the inspection goes badly and 'anything that could go wrong, seemed to go wrong,' from upsetting a swill tub, to the kitchen in the enlisted men's mess catching fire, to the junior subaltern passing the port the wrong way at the dining-in.
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Lieutenant Colonel James Owen Merion Roberts MVO MBE MC (1916-1997) was one of the greatest Himalayan mountaineer-explorers of the twentieth century; a highly decorated British Army officer who achieved his greatest renown as "the father of trekking" in Nepal. His exploratory activities are comparable to those of Eric Shipton and Bill Tilman. Born in Gujarat, India on 21 September 1916 to Henry and Helen Roberts, Obituary in Himalayan Journal Vol.54, 1988 Roberts spent his early life in India, where his father was a headmaster. After attending King's School, Canterbury and then the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, he was commissioned onto the Unattached List for the Indian Army in August 1936 as a 19-year-old subaltern to satisfy his ardent craving for mountaineering.London Gazette 28 August 1936 After a probationary year attached to the 1st Battalion, the East Yorkshire Regiment in India, he was posted to the 1st battalion, 1st (King George V's Own) Gurkha Rifles in November 1937.
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Postcolonial theory studies the power and the continued dominance of Western ways of intellectual enquiry, the methods of generating knowledge. In the book Orientalism (1978), Edward Said, conceptually addresses the oppressed subaltern native, to explain how the Eurocentric perspective of Orientalism produced the ideological foundations and justifications for the colonial domination of the Other. Before their actual explorations of The Orient, Europeans had invented imaginary geographies of the Orient; predefined images of the savage peoples and exotic places that lay beyond the horizon of the Western world. The mythologies of Orientalism were reinforced by travellers who returned from Asia to Europe with reports of monsters and savage lands, which were based upon the conceptual difference and strangeness of the Orient; such cultural discourses about the Oriental Other were perpetuated through the mass communications media of the time, and created an Us-and-Them binary social relation with which the Europeans defined themselves by defining the differences between the Orient and the Occident.
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Power was an affable and bilingual Irish- Canadian from Quebec city whose Catholicism, skill as a hockey player and a sympathy for French-Canadian sentiments had established him as a leading spokesman for Quebec and hence his appointment as associate defense minister, even through as the Canadian historian Brereton Greenhous noted sourly that Power was not known for "the keenness of his intellect". The Canadian prime minister William Lyon Mackenzie King privately considered Power to be a mental lightweight and kept him in the cabinet only because he was very popular in Quebec.. In turn, Power consulted General Harry Crerar, the Chief of the General Staff, who favored approving the request. Power had personal reasons to approve the request. Many of the officers in the Royal Rifles of Canada regiment were relatives or friends of the Power clan of Quebec City, and Power's own son Francis was serving as a subaltern in the Royal Rifles.
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Encouraged by his officers, and the clergyman of his old parish,Woodward, 1998, p1Heathcote, p. 251 he passed an examination for an officer's commission and was posted as a second lieutenant in the 3rd Dragoon Guards on 27 June 1888. Normally only four or five rankers were commissioned each year at that time. Robertson later recorded that it would have been impossible to live as a cavalry subaltern in Britain, where £300 a year was needed in addition to the £120 official salary (approximately £30,000 and £12,000 at 2010 prices) to keep up the required lifestyle; he was reluctant to leave the cavalry,Mead, 2008, p52 but his Regiment was deployed to India, where pay was higher and expenses lower than in the UK. Robertson's father made his uniforms and he economised by drinking water with meals and not smoking, as pipes were not permitted in the mess and he could not afford the cigars which officers were expected to smoke.
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Dand MacNeill, as Battalion Sports Officer and a decent golfer himself, puts together the battalion's half of the foursomes for the match: the Adjutant, a golfing neurotic, and the golf pro who is the officers' barman; two elderly majors who have been feuding with each other for twenty years; the Medical Officer, whose best club is his brandy flask, and the Padre, who plays in a state of reverie; Subaltern MacMillan, who has the annoying habit of giggling, especially after a bad shot, and Regimental Quartermaster Bogle, who might be a decent golfer could he but see the ball past his beer belly; and Regimental Sergeant Major Mackintosh, a steady golfer, partnered with Dand himself. Soldiers from MacNeill's platoon are recruited to serve as caddies ... and one of them, assigned to the RSM, is Private McAuslan, who is illiterate and doesn't know a brassie from a cleek. It will indeed be an interesting match. His Majesty Says Good-Day.
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However, despite supporting the holding of a referendum on the decriminalisation of abortion, he was opposed to actually decriminalising it, and he also criticised the Party's understanding of democratic activism as being a matter of equalising access to capitalist markets for the working class and other subaltern groups. In an interview he gave shortly before his death, Pasolini stated he frequently disagreed with the Party. He continued to give qualified support to the PCI: in June 1975 he said that he would still vote for the PCI because he felt it was "an island where critical consciousness is always desperately defended: and where human behaviour has been still able to preserve the old dignity", and in his final months he became close to the Rome section of the Italian Communist Youth Federation. A Federation activist, Vincenzo Cerami, delivered the speech he was due to give at the Radical Party congress: in it, Pasolini confirmed his Marxism and his support for the PCI.
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A similar teacher-catechist seminary at Christiansborg, started by the German missionary and philologist, Johannes Zimmermann in 1852, was eventually merged into the Akropong college years later in 1856 to become a single entity. In 1864, the Basel missionary and builder, Fritz Ramseyer, who became a captive of the Asante between 1869 and 1874 and pioneered mission work in the Ashanti territories, arrived on the Gold Coast for the first time to assist the mission in its structural work, completing the construction of the seminary buildings at Akropong. According to the British historian of missions, Andrew Walls, the catechist-teacher education model adopted by the Basel Mission, was an innovation of the Church Missionary Society pioneered by the Anglican vicar, Henry Venn "as a sort of lower, unordained missionary" - "a subaltern role to facilitate the spread of the Gospel." The original curriculum included a five-year course in the methods in pedagogy, education, theology and Christian catechism.
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As a result, in 1776, a Continental Army Infantry company was authorized one captain, one first lieutenant, one second lieutenant (both lieutenants serving as platoon commanders - not designated as platoon leaders until 1943 under the "Triangular Division" reorganization begun in 1939), an ensign (an obsolete subaltern officer rank charged with carrying the regimental colors in rotation with the other ensigns of the battalion/regiment), four sergeants (section leaders/squad leaders with two to a platoon), four corporals (assistant section leaders/squad leaders with two to a platoon), two musicians (a drummer and a fifer), and 76 privates. The company was organized into two platoons, each consisting of two sections/squads (the terms were sometimes used interchangeably) consisting of one sergeant, one corporal, and 19 privates. (Wright, 1983)Wright, R. The Continental Army (1983) Center of Military History: Washington, DC From the late 1700s up until the late 1800s, a US infantry company was commanded by a captain and assisted by a first sergeant (first authorized in 1781), and consisted of a small company headquarters and two identical platoons commanded by lieutenants.
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On the morning of 27 August 1762, a force of 2,800 Anglo- Portuguese under Burgoyne attacked and took Valencia de Alcántara, defeated one of the best Spanish regiments (the Seville's regiment), killed all the soldiers that resisted, captured three flags and several troops and officers – including the Major-General Don Miguel de Irunibeni, responsible for the invasion of Alentejo, and who had come into the city the day before (along with two colonels, two captains and seventeen subaltern officers). Many arms and ammunition were captured or destroyed. The Battle of Valencia de Alcántara not only galvanized the Portuguese army at a critical phase of the war (in beginning of the second invasion), but also prevented a third invasion of Portugal by the Alentejo,"... this action disrupted the concentration of the third Spanish column that was to launch itself from Valencia into the Alemtejo, and therefore stalled the threat of a general engagement that Lippe so feared." In Speelman, Patrick and Danley, Mark – The Seven Year’s War: Global Views, 2012, p. 447.
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Thus, decoloniality refers to analytic approaches and socioeconomic and political practices opposed to pillars of Western civilization: coloniality and modernity. This makes decoloniality both a political and epistemic project (Mignolo 2011: xxiv- xxiv). Decoloniality has been called a form of "epistemic disobedience" (Mignolo 2011: 122-123), "epistemic de-linking" (Mignolo 2007: 450), and "epistemic reconstruction" (Quijano 2007: 176). In this sense, decolonial thinking is the recognition and implementation of a border gnosis or subaltern (Mignolo 2000: 88), a means of eliminating the provincial tendency to pretend that Western European modes of thinking are universal (Quijano 2000: 544). In less theoretical applications—such as movements for Indigenous autonomy—decoloniality is considered a program of de-linking from contemporary legacies of coloniality (Mignolo 2007: 452), a response to needs unmet by the modern Rightist or Leftist governments, (Mignolo 2011: 217), or, most broadly, social movements in search of a “new humanity” (Mignolo 2011: 52) or the search for “social liberation from all power organized as inequality, discrimination, exploitation, and domination” (Quijano 2007: 178).
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"All S is P" is construed to mean that "there is nothing that is both S and not-P"; "no S is P", that "there is nothing that is both S and P". For example, since there is nothing that is a round square, it is true both that nothing is a round square and purple, and that nothing is a round square and not-purple. Therefore, both universal statements, that "all round squares are purple" and "no round squares are purple" are true. Similarly, the subcontrary relationship is dissolved between the existential statements "some S is P" and "some S is not P". The former is interpreted as "there is some S such that S is P" and the latter, "there is some S such that S is not P", both of which are clearly false where S is nonexistent. Thus, the subaltern relationship between universal and existential also does not hold, since for a nonexistent S, "All S is P" is true but does not entail "Some S is P", which is false.
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First, the students of the University of Toledo who facing the imminent danger of the city falling into the hands of the French left on foot, with their professors at the lead, leaving for Segovia, a city still not occupied, where it positioned itself and named itself the Literary Battalion. Second, the Maestrantes de Ronda, good horsemen skilled in the use of the sword, and lastly, the cadets of Segovia who followed their Colonel and who it is certain, by his training, found themselves quickly taken on by the Army of the South. Gil de Bernabé with the force of this human capital presented to the Defense Board in Cadiz a project whose most outstanding paragraph is that which reads: "Utilize as a quarry the 15,000 bachelor, licentiate, and doctoral students and even professors to be able to produce 8,000 subaltern officers, if chiefs and even generals are not included." The Navy offered the installations of its Naval Academy in San Fernando to form that which was called the "National and Patriotic Military Academy".
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Gálvez appointed Teodoro de Croix as the first Commander General of the Provinicas Internas. > It is assumed that my actual title delivers in your favor that you have > given the jurisdiction and extensive powers that you need as governor and > captain General of the mentioned provinces and all its borders, I declare, > by this Code and Royal Decree, that in your higher command are to be > understood and adjoined the Subaltern governments of Coahuila, Texas and New > Mexico with its presidios and all other administrative divisions that are > situated in the established line on them from the Gulf of California to the > Bay of the Holy Spirit, according to my rules and actual instruction given > on September 10, 1772, that you shall observe in the most timely and in the > same way as I was committed to my viceroy of New Spain.España. Real > instrucción dada a Teodoro de Croix, primer gobernador y comandante general > en jefe de las Provincias Internas de Nueva España. San Ildefonso, 22 de > agosto de 1776. 2ª página del manuscrito de la Biblioteca Nacional de > México.
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He is also currently Member of the Centre for the Philosophy of History, St. Mary's University. He was Professorial Research Associate, Department of History, SOAS (University of London), 2009-2015. He was also a member of the Kuwait Programme, Department of Government, London School of Economics (monograph, with Stephanie Cronin, on ‘The Islamic Republic of Iran and the GCC States: From Revolution to Realpolitik?). He is also the Editor of Journal of Holy Land and Palestine Studies (formerly Holy Land Studies: A Multidisciplinary Journal), published by Edinburgh University Press, and the author of many books on Palestine-Israel, including Theologies of Liberation in Palestine-Israel: Indigenous, Contextual, and Postcolonial Perspectives (2014), The Zionist Bible: Biblical Precedent, Colonialism and the Erasure of Memory (2013), The Palestine Nakba: Decolonising History, Narrating the Subaltern, Reclaiming Memory (January 2012), The Bible and Zionism: Invented Traditions, Archaeology and Post-Colonialism in Palestine- Israel (2007), Catastrophe Remembered (2005), A Land Without a People (1997), Expulsion of the Palestinians: The Concept of "Transfer" in Zionist Political Thought, 1882-1948 (1992), Imperial Israel and the Palestinians: The Politics of Expansion (2000) and The Politics of Denial: Israel and the Palestinian Refugee Problem (2003).
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A third of the 30 reprints of Marxism Today feature articles that appeared in The Guardian during the 1980s were articles or interviews by or with Hobsbawm, making him by far the most popular of all contributors. In addition to his association with the CPGB, Hobsbawm developed close ties to the largest Communist Party in the western world, the Italian Communist Party (PCI), of which he declared himself a "spiritual member". He developed contacts with Italian left-wing academics and intellectuals in the early 1950s, which led to him encountering the work of Antonio Gramsci, whose writings were a key influence on Hobsbawm's work on the history of subaltern groups, emphasising their agency as well as structural factors. Hobsbawm spoke favourably about PCI general secretary Enrico Berlinguer's strategy of Historic Compromise in the 1970s, seeking rapprochement with the Catholic Church and the Christian Democrats, providing passive support to the latter in government in order to bring the Communists into the political mainstream by accepting Italy's position as a member of NATO, thus being able to build broader alliances and convince wider sections of society of its legitimacy as a potential governing force.
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Holyoake's approach was more moderate than Southwell's, advocating a compromise for the Owenite movement whereby socialism and religion would be separated by setting up separate discussion classes on theological subjects.Royle 1974, p.77-78. However, on 24 May 1842, Holyoake delivered a lecture on Home Colonisation in Cheltenham, during which he answered a question from the audience (it was asked by local preacher) about God's place in a socialist community: > He made some remarks about Education and said 'for his part he thought the > people of this Country ought not to have any religion, they were too poor,' > he said 'for my part I am of no religion at all' he said 'those that > professed religion were worshippers of Mammon' 'for my part I don't believe > there is such a thing as a God' he said when he was speaking of the people > of this Country being too poor – 'If I could have my way I would place the > Deity on half-pay as the Government of this Country did the subaltern > officers'.Royle 1974, p.78. For Holyoake's account see Holyoake 1906, > pp.142–144.
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He then served as a subaltern on the newly commissioned cruiser Trieste, and subsequently he assumed command of the destroyer Freccia and of the related 7 torpedo boat squadron. During the Second Italo-Abyssinian War, which resulted in a serious political crisis between Italy and Great Britain, Fioravanzo was Chief of Staff of the Commander-in-Chief of the Reunited Naval Forces, a body set up in September 1935 to give a framework of homogeneity for the employment and command criteria of the two squadrons into which the Italian Navy was then divided – this at a time when a clash with Great Britain seemed inevitable. From 14 January to 12 October 1936 he was in charge of the light cruiser Armando Diaz and in that same year he took over the Naval Command School and the destroyer Aquila, head of a set of three torpedo boat squadrons which were affiliated with the school. The School command, in addition to its institutional role of preparing promising ship captains for promotion to higher ranks, also had the secondary task of participating in the control of the Strait of Sicily.
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He remained in Peshawar throughout the First Anglo-Afghan War responsible for forwarding supplies and money to Sir Robert Sale in Jalalabad, hastening up reinforcements and maintaining British influence in the Khyber region.Earl Frederick Sleigh Roberts Roberts, Forty-one Years in India: From Subaltern to Commander-in-chief, Asian Educational Services, 1897, page 14 Mackeson's reputation was enhanced by the war, and a colleague Henry Lawrence described him as an "excellent officer, first-rate linguist, a man of such temper that no native would disturb and of untiring energy" he noted that "his life was spent in discoursing night and day with false Sikhs and Khyberees at Peshawar, and treading almost alone, or attended by Afghan escort, the paths of the Khyber".Charles Allen, Soldier Sahibs: The Men Who Made the North-West Frontier, Hachette UK, 21 June 2012 After the final withdrawal of British troops from Afghanistan in 1842, he was appointed acting Superintendent of Buttee, and later assistant to the political agents in Rajpootana and at Delhi. During the First Anglo-Sikh War Mackeson served under Harry Smith and was present at the Battle of Aliwal.
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In 1857 Wilson was serving as Brigadier Commandant of Bengal Artillery at Meerut, the regimental headquarters.The Norvicensian, No. 1, 1873, pg 40 This was the military station where the mutiny of the Bengal Army first broke out on 10 May 1857. Wilson was to be criticised for his inactivity in Meerut, enabling the bulk of the sepoy mutineers to escape to Delhi. Departing on 27 May, Wilson did however lead his column to victory over the mutineers in an action between Meerut and Delhi on the 30th, then joined with the Delhi Field Force, the commander of which, Sir Henry Barnard, died soon after, Wilson being selected (in preference to three senior officers)Forty-one Years in India: From Subaltern to Commander-in-Chief, Field-Marshal Lord Roberts of Kandahar, Asian Educational Services, 2005, pg 108 in command on 17 July. Delhi was garrisoned by 30,000 fighting men, with Wilson being in command of a mere 7,000; assailed by the enemy, and in very poor health,The Tears of the Rajas: Mutiny, Money and Marriage in India 1805–1905, Ferdinand Mount, Simon & Schuster, 2015, pg 502 Wilson nevertheless held his troops' position until, on 4 September, the siege train arrived from the Punjab.
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