So I took their spray cans and put up a quick piece.
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Some groups also carried spray cans - marking the tunnels for other groups.
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When the rain let up, Shehab grabbed her shopping bag of spray cans.
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Alongside he has rendered his tools—paintbrushes and spray cans—and a city skyline.
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It will take 40 days, 3,000 spray cans and more than 200 gallons of paint to complete.
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"Yes, Baby "A" and Baby "B"," Preston jokes, reading directly from the wording on the spray cans.
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Graff takes his spray cans and unleashes them into torrents of colors that mimic carefully-applied découpage ribbons.
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Guests can also do laser graffiti by drawing with "spray cans" that shoot laser beams onto a wall.
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Music was getting more percussive; teenagers with spray cans were scrawling hieroglyphic names and full-fledged murals on subway cars.
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A long list of substances and devices are banned within the security perimeter including drones, aerosol spray cans and flares.
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Last year, Kavanaugh wrote a ruling that struck down a rule regulating hydrofluorocarbons used in spray cans and air conditioners.
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Specifically look for spray cans and bottles containing the ingredients picaridin, DEET, IR3535 or oil of lemon eucalyptus, the CDC recommends.
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He's refurbished things like spray cans, markers, and handmade rollers, turning them into unique tools for a different kind of art making.
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Ever willing to move with the times, it has just been released in spray cans with both Sharp Cheddar and Buffalo Cheddar flavours.
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Six new lawsuits brought against Conagra, the parent company of PAM, are alleging that the cooking spray cans have exploded, resulting in multiple injuries.
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Street artists were invited to wield their spray cans on the 69th floor of the new building&aposs neighbor, 753 World Trade, last year.
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Investigators wore Hazmat suits as they cleared evidence, including spray cans and various chemicals believed to be methamphetamine, from the underground lab, DiNoto says.
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It took local muralist Jonas Never, 35, just two days to create the mural with spray cans and house paint, the artist told Variety.
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But the broader question remains: Why are police forces allowing rapists to be punished under laws designed for kids with spray cans and teenage makeup addicts?
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Under the Montreal Protocol of 1987, the world's nations agreed to phase out the use of CFCs in refrigerators, spray cans, insulation foam, and fire suppression.
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The first time he was put in handcuffs, he was eight—he was carrying three spray cans, and a cop assumed that he had stolen them.
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In 1987, countries around the world agreed in the Montreal Protocol to phase out CFCs and businesses came up with replacements for spray cans and other uses.
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He watched Facebookers deface their office with crude cave drawings when employees were handed spray cans and told by Zuck to create something authentic on the walls.
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The Los Angeles-based artist Tristan Eaton has been painting mostly with spray cans since his teenage hit-and-run graffiti attacks in Detroit and New York.
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I don't think any other museum, like the Guggenheim, would appreciate it if you just show up with spray cans and paint it; but here, it will be possible.
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Scotty Werner, 29, who had come into the city from Long Island, visited Scrap Yard with Elizabeth Yount, 28, to pick up black spray cans and a wide-tipped marker.
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LOS ANGELES — Inside a 20-foot box, stretched across a couch, the floor messy with spray cans and Just Water cartons, lay Willow Smith, absorbed in a blue book entitled Oneness.
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Though his work may be more closely associated with spray cans, his most recent exhibit finds him veering beyond aerosol towards water bottles, paint splashes, actual paintbrushes, and even his bare hands.
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There had been a steady decline in the Earth's ozone layer, caused in part by gasses released by aerosol spray cans and refrigerants, reducing the ozone layer's ability to absorb ultraviolet radiation.
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They'll wait for the weather to turn, they'll watch for the guard to pass, they'll hope the security cameras are out, and then they'll have 14 minutes to let their spray cans hiss.
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To aspiring artists around the world, this book had become like a sacred text; Cooper's photography was instrumental in inspiring them to pick up spray cans and markers and begin writing on walls and train cars.
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The court declined to hear the appeals by an environmental group and companies that supported the 2015 rule that had limited hydrofluorocarbons, which are used in a variety of products including spray cans and air conditioners.
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CreditCreditNadia Shira Cohen for The New York Times ROME — Armed with spray cans, the vandals last descended on Via della Madonna dei Monti, a dead-end alley not far from the Colosseum, about six months ago.
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Previous winners include Marie Curie, known for her pioneering work on radioactivity, and Mario J. Molina, the first person to discover the damaging effect of CFC gases (found in refrigerators and spray cans) on the ozone layer.
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Floodlights and video cameras were installed in the centre of the Rhineland city and sales of pepper spray cans were brisk before Weiberfastnacht (women's carnival), the traditional day when women take over their towns and symbolically castrate men by cutting off their ties.
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Whether with easels or walls, Mr. Figueroa is used to working upright with spray cans; this project required him to work on his knees with rollers, and to use a type of paint specifically created for smoothness and durability to withstand heavy wear from sneakers.
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Their research was credited in the citation for the 1995 Nobel Prize for Chemistry, which F. Sherwood Rowland and Mario J. Molina shared with Paul J. Crutzen for their discovery, also in 1974, that supposedly inert fluorocarbons like Freon, a propellant in products like aerosol spray cans and refrigerants, could deplete the ozone layer to dangerous levels.
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A film was screening deep inside the space, and if you made your way past the small shack with a roof made of compressed spray cans — and didn't trip over another pile of empty paint cans with a small metal chimney spewing glittery cloud letters — you would have joined a room full of people watching Wastedland 2, the most recent work by punk filmmaker Andrew H. Shirley.
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Players are unable if they run out of paint and must be refilled by obtaining yellow and blue spray cans scattered across the stage. Yellow Spray cans refill a single spray can and blue spray cans refill five. Enemies will pursue players and attempt to deplete their health. Health can be replenished by obtaining red and green spray cans.
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Tapioca starch, used commonly for starching shirts and garments before ironing, may be sold in bottles of natural gum starch to be dissolved in water or in spray cans.
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Typical application of a diffuser head: the bottom of an aerosol spray can This type of head is often found on the bottom of aerosol spray cans. It is an inverted torispherical head.
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The standard service handgun is the H&K; USP Compact 9mm pistol. For special tasks the H&K; MP5 sub-machine gun is used. Officers are also equipped with batons and pepper spray cans.
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In aerosol spray cans, the propellant is simply a pressurized gas in equilibrium with its liquid (at its saturated vapour pressure). As some gas escapes to expel the payload, more liquid evaporates, maintaining an even pressure.
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Part of the U.S. funding of the opposition (a reported $41 million) included 2.5 million stickers with the slogan and 5,000 spray cans for anti-Milošević graffiti. Material was channeled by the U.S. Department of State through QUANGOs.
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Household hazardous waste includes paints and solvents, chemicals, light bulbs, fluorescent lights, spray cans, and yard products such as fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides and insecticides. Additionally, medical waste generated at home is considered a hazardous waste and must be disposed of properly.
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Humbrol did, however, sell 50 and 120ml tins and spray cans in some colours. The 50ml enamel paint tins and spray paints are still available. The tins are called "Humbrol DIY". Humbrol's main factory was located on Hedon Road, Marfleet in Hull.
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Game & Watch Donkey Kong 3 A VS. series Game & Watch version of the arcade game has different gameplay. In this version, player one controls Stanley the Bugman and computer player (or player two) controls Donkey Kong in a duel against each other using exterminating spray cans to move the bees to the other side of them to make the bees sting their opponents. Players can only hold up to three amounts of spraying liquid in their spray cans. On one player mode, the higher player one as Stanley scores, the faster the spraying liquid on the side of computer player as Donkey Kong drops.
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Certain lachrymatory agents, most notably tear gas, are often used by police to force compliance. In some countries (e.g., Finland, Australia, and United States), another common substance is mace. The self- defense weapon form of mace is based on pepper spray which comes in small spray cans.
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This compound is more commonly referred to today as "Freon 12", or "R12". Freon and other CFCs soon largely replaced other refrigerants, and later appeared in other applications, such as propellants in aerosol spray cans and asthma inhalers. The Society of Chemical Industry awarded Midgley the Perkin Medal in 1937 for this work.
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In a project from Lancaster University, mobile phones are used as digital spray cans. RFID tags are used to identify objects that can be marked up. The RFID tags can hold the identities of the last five people to leave graffiti. The graffiti itself is stored on a server indexed by RFID tag.
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Five youths were charged with vandalism for spray painting a large flat wall panel on the top of the block with expletives directed against the ruling party. The youths had stolen spray cans from a parked lorry and entered the rooftop of a HDB flat to carry out the act. All five were given probation sentences.
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She commented: "An important element in my work is beauty. I believe that concept or idea can interest the viewer as long as the artist is sensitive to aesthetic." She uses a variety of inks and pigments to mix color and light into different natural and organic forms. She uses rollers and spray cans as well as brushes.
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In Ukraine, CR gas is commonly used by special forces against demonstrators. Gas is packed in a form of spray cans "Cobra 1". For example, gas has been used on demonstration dedicated to Ukraine Independence Day (Aug 24 2011). Also massive gas usage has been documented during demonstrations against Language Law Draft at Kiev on Jul 3-4 2012.
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Lipp, C.W., Sprays Article, Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology 5th Ed 2005W.R. Marshall Jr. Atomization and Spray Drying, Am. Inst of Chem Engr. Monograph Series, 1954 Spray nozzles can have one or more outlets; a multiple outlet nozzle is known as a compound nozzle. Spray nozzles range from heavy duty industrial uses to light duty spray cans or spray bottles.
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Many of today's current analytical nebulizers as of 2017 The general term nebulizer refers to an apparatus that converts liquids into a fine mist. Nozzles also convert liquids into a fine mist, but do so by pressure through small holes. Nebulizers generally use gas flows to deliver the mist. The most common form of nebulizers are medical appliances such as asthma inhalers or paint spray cans.
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In December 2018, there were 30 active resistance committees in Khartoum. As the 2018–19 Sudanese protests began, inactive groups reactivated and rejoined the network. The network collected paper, tyres and spray cans for their civil disobedience actions. The Sudanese resistance committees signed the January 2019 Declaration of Freedom and Change Charter (FFC), which called for president Omar al-Bashir to be removed from power.
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"We had high hair anyway... We used a lot of Aqua Net." \- Ronnie Spector of The Ronettes Aqua Net is a hair spray brand notable for its popularity and for its marketing strategy, which aimed to make hair spray "as ubiquitous as soap". The brand is known for its distinctive large purple spray cans, and the spray itself is known for its strong hold and distinctive smell.
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Valves have many uses, including controlling water for irrigation, industrial uses for controlling processes, residential uses such as on/off and pressure control to dish and clothes washers and taps in the home. Even aerosol spray cans have a tiny valve built in. Valves are also used in the military and transport sectors. In HVAC ductwork and other near-atmospheric air flows, valves are instead called dampers.
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True liquid air is not practical, as it cannot be stored in metal spray cans due to extreme pressure and temperature requirements. Common duster gases include 1,1-difluoroethane, 1,1,1-trifluoroethane, or 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane. Hydrocarbons, like butane, were often used in the past, but their flammable nature forced manufacturers to use fluorocarbons. When inhaled, gas duster fumes may produce psychoactive effects and may be harmful to health, sometimes even causing death.
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These paintings are clustered together in combination with photographs of other graffiti writers. Older work included layering of shapes, and buff marks, backgrounds of drips painted directly on the gallery wall. He has painted stylized portraits on empty bottles of liquor, flattened spray cans, and wrecked vehicles for art shows. He has collaborated frequently with Amaze, allowing him to paint the exterior and interior of the galleries exhibiting McGee's work.
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The event was originally had at the Machado Plaza with procession of decorated cars and bicycles. The first Carnival queen was Wilfrida Farmer in 1900. However, projectiles are still thrown among those in the crowds, generally eggshells filled with confetti and spray cans of foam are also used. The Carnival of Mazatlan is nowhere near as big or famous as those of Rio de Janeiro or New Orleans.
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Moomaw has given expert testimony in the U.S. Congress, and written reports for the United Nations. He worked on energy and forestry legislation and on legislation that eliminated American use of CFCs in spray cans to protect the ozone layer. He was also a lead author for several Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reports, including being the coordinating lead author on greenhouse gas emissions reduction Energy Supply in Mitigation of Climate Change.
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In Oehlen's recent work, flat, figurative cut-outs- all the products of computer-aided design (CAD), and gestural strokes of oil paint trade places in the service of collage.Albert Oehlen, March 3 – April 7, 2012 Gagosian Gallery, New York. In his recent Finger Paintings, color-blocked advertisements are an extension of the canvas, providing fragmented, readymade surfaces for Oehlen's visceral markings, made with his hands, as well as brushes, rags, and spray-cans.
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Most of the major cities across the world have graffiti and street art tours, often run by local graffiti artists who want to bring their talent to the public on a more socially accepted level. Originally started with walking or biking tours around the cities, street art tours have expanded to include graffiti workshops, using graffiti art tools, stencils and spray cans. Tours exist in New York, London, Berlin, Hamburg, Reykjavik, Barcelona, Montreal and Paris.
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She was fired from North for refusing to work on an advertising campaignfor a hair care product which she felt demeaned the Civil rights movement. Gardner Proctor recalled in an intervierw for C-SPAN: "they wanted me to do a ‘foam-in’ demonstration in the streets, with women running down the streets waving hair spray cans. I said I would never do that." Therefore, she began her own advertising agency in 1970, called Proctor and Gardner Advertising, Inc.
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FLIT manual spray pump for insecticides from 1928 A Flit gun is a hand-pumped insecticide sprayer used to dispense FLIT, a brand-name insecticide widely used against flies and mosquitoes between 1928 and the mid-1950s. Although named after the well-known brand, "Flit gun" became a generic name for this type of dispenser. Once commonly found in households, hand-operated Flit guns have been replaced by aerosol spray cans and fallen out of common use.
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The dibenz[b,f][1,4]oxazepine moiety is present in the typical antipsychotic drug loxapine, but, unlike CR, loxapine is not reactive and is not an irritant. CR was first synthesised in 1962. CR can be delivered either as an aerosol or a solution in water, making it able to be used in water cannons, smoke grenades, or handheld spray cans. For smoke it is usually fired in canisters (LACR) that heat up, producing an aerosol cloud at a steady rate.
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Four years later she was released from prison when the jacket of the baby was found in a dingo den and the mother was therefore found innocent. This incident caused much outcry for and against the dingoes. To be better prepared for dingo attacks demands were made that a better recording of problematic cases should be implemented. Also non-lethal guns, spray cans with appropriate content, whips and aversive baits should be used to increase the caution of the dingoes.
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They took spray cans from their bags and graffitied an image of Chancellor George Osborne next to his own words: 'A CONSERVATIVE TREASURY WILL DRIVE GREEN GROWTH… BY FINANCING A GREEN RECOVERY'. The stencil was approximately 2 x 0.8 metres and positioned under the stone by the entrance on which 'HM Treasury' is chiselled out. Climate Rush vigil in memory of the Suffragettes, 18 November 2010 On 18 November 1910, known as Black Friday 300 Suffragettes were met by 5000 police officers.
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1500 spray cans were used to create the finished look. Another "Hippie" Porsche was a 917K, serial number 917-021. For the trio of 908/3 cars fielded alongside the 917s at the 1971 Targa Florio, Lapine used sponsor Gulf Oil's traditional colors; a sky blue body and orange stripes, but changed the standard stripes into arrows, and added playing card suit symbols on the right front corner of each car. Another car that received a unique paint scheme from Lapine was 917-20.
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The paint is rolled on freely and casually in wide swathes or chunky arcs and blocks. These works evolved into the Sprayed Stripes, which spanned the years 1973–75. The "classic" examples from this series are composed of brightly coloured parallel bands, applied with spray cans, contained by a pale coloured rectangle that floats at an angle just off the vertical axis of a tall, rectangular, white-painted canvas. The most famous example of this series is probably Quiver (1974, Auckland Art Gallery Toi o Tāmaki).
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However, Leiningen realizes that his original principle of canals and damming can be put to use: if he dams the main river itself, the whole plantation will flood, drowning all the ants. He and his men can take refuge in the heights of the manor house on a hill. However, this plan requires reaching the dam, long overrun by the ants. Leiningen puts on a makeshift protective suit, douses himself with petrol, picks up two spray cans of petrol and runs for the dam — through the ants.
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Over a hundred Suffragettes were arrested, they were brutally treated, sexually assaulted and trampled. Climate Rush held a silent vigil in memory of these brave and inspiring women. Both Helen and Laura Pankhurst – the granddaughter and great- granddaughter of Sylvia Pankhurst made it over the fence so that they might lay the wreath at the foot of the statue of their ancestor. Five days before the centenary of Black Friday, four artists from the Suffragette-inspired group took a stencil and spray cans to publicise the vigil.
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Three officers were injured in the skirmish between Occupy protesters, as protesters threw bottles, metal pipe, rocks, spray cans, improvised explosive devices, and lit flares, police said, in a large skirmish on the front steps of the Oakland Museum of California. The most seriously injured officer received a cut to his face that required stitches after a protester hit him with a bicycle. The other two injured officers received bruises, and one injured his hand. Police again stopped the march on Broadway between 23rd and 24th.
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The Occupy Oakland movement has attracted particularly strong controversy for its tactics. During protests, police have confiscated knives, scissors, mace, and tear gas, as well as large corrugated metal shields from protesters. Protesters have also been recorded throwing bottles, metal pipe, rocks, spray cans, improvised explosive devices, and lighting flares at police. Protesters have slashed tires and invading vacant buildings during protests, and Oakland citizens have expressed concern that the protests have necessitated a large police presence which has made the rest of the city less safe.
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In response the United States, Canada and Norway banned the use of CFCs in aerosol spray cans in 1978. Early estimates were that, if CFC production continued at 1977 levels, the total atmospheric ozone would after a century or so reach a steady state, 15 to 18 percent below normal levels. By 1984, when better evidence on the speed of critical reactions was available, this estimate was changed to 5 to 9 percent steady- state depletion. Crutzen, Molina, and Rowland were awarded the 1995 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their work on stratospheric ozone.
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In spite of this, Koštunica was an inevitable beneficiary of US support, witting or not, as other parties associated with either the DOS coalition or the Otpor! movement received a sum of $41 million in financial support from the United States from 1999 to 2000. USAID provided 5,000 spray cans for anti-Milošević graffiti and the printing of 2.5 million stickers with the message "Gotov je", or "He's finished". The United States also paid for the training of electoral monitors in Szeged, Hungary, and subsequently paid monitors $5 each after the election.
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The band were renting a Bel Air mansion belonging to John DuPont of the DuPont chemical company. The band found several spray cans of gold DuPont paint in a room of the house; finding Ward naked and unconscious after a night of heavy drinking, they thought it would be funny to cover the drummer from head to toe in gold paint. Ward soon became violently ill and had a seizure and an ambulance had to be called. The paint had blocked all of Ward's pores, which his bandmates were subsequently informed can be fatal.
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The player has protected the plant from parasites, causing it to flower and end the level. The game is presented from a single, 2D perspective, and revolves around Robbie the Robot's objective to defend his plant from interstellar space slugs, leeches and midges. The plant grows from the bottom centre of the screen, and spray cans containing three different pesticides are located on ledges on each side of the screen. Bonus items such as fertiliser and spades appear on unoccupied ledges which will increase both the players score and the plant's growth rate.
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The largest in Canada, the Keele Valley Landfill was operated by the City of Toronto from 1983 until 2002, when it was closed because it was full. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), the gas propellants used in aerosol spray cans, became a target for environmental concern in the 1970s and 1980s when research demonstrated that they had a harmful effect on the ozone layer in the atmosphere. The international Montreal Protocol of 1989 banned the use of these substances and they were subsequently replaced with volatile hydrocarbons. The problem with choice to reuse is still not available.
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There is a discrepancy between what behavior consumers think is socially and environmentally sustainable and what behavior actually is. For instance, many people in the U.S. limit their use of spray cans as they want to minimize their contribution to the impact on the ozone layer. Their behavior is not environmentally significant because the substances that affect the ozone layer have already been banned in the U.S. long ago.Gust, I (2004) Strategies to promote sustainable consumer behavior-The use of the lifestyle approach, LUMES This can be due to consumers’ lack of knowledge about the general environmental impacts of consumption.
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The character Yoyo tagging graffiti on a wall Jet Set Radio Future plays similarly to the original game in which the player controls a member of a gang of inline skaters called the GGs to gain control of a futuristic Tokyo. Players can skate, grind on rails and even up poles, ride on walls, perform mid-air tricks and use boosts to move faster. Most of the game requires the player to search for graffiti tags left by other gangs and spray over them with their own. To do this, players will need to collect spray cans littered across each stage.
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A work in brown packing tape on acrylic glass by Max Zorn, illuminated from behind Tape art is an artwork created with adhesive tape such as duct tape or packing tape. It developed from urban art in the 1960s, as an alternative to the widely spread use of spray cans in the urban art scene. Tape can be used to produce a "stained glass" effect when applied to glass or plastic which is lit from behind. It can be attached to a wall to form the outline or an image, or can be shaped into three-dimensional sculptures.
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The lyrics "Northern Downpour" are written on a mirror in a public restroom. Spencer Smith then tapes "Hey moon" onto everybody's car bumper in a parking lot and runs away. Spray cans are then seen being dropped by Ross, who runs around a corner, after having spray-painted the lyrics "I missed your skin when you were east" on a wall, which soon appears on the news with the headline "Strange Graffiti in the Tri-County Area". A news reporter interviews an eyewitness about it, who has "You clicked your heels and wished for me" printed on his shirt.
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These paintings were described by critic and art historian Edward Hanfling in 2005 as "the most significant paintings produced in this country [New Zealand], outside of Scott's recent white Model Series paintings." The particular colour range of the Sprayed Stripes captures both the intense light of Auckland and the pastel hues typically used by suburban home-owners to paint their weatherboard houses. In using spray cans, Scott was also trying to evoke the sensibility of the home handyman, the DIY culture of suburban New Zealand. However, Scott's feelings for this local environment were by no means expressed in an illustrative or representational idiom.
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In 1974 University of California at Irvine chemist Frank Sherwood Rowland suggested that long-lived organic halogen compounds, such as the CFCs then widely used to pressurize spray cans, would reach the stratosphere where they would be dissociated by UV light, releasing chlorine atoms. Abplanalp wrote to the Chancellor of UC Irvine to complain about Rowland's public statements. At the time of Abplanalp's death in Bronxville, New York from lung cancer on August 30, 2003, age 81, he held more than 300 aerosol-related patents. He is interred at the Gate of Heaven Cemetery in Hawthorne, New York.
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Sign of the times by DAIM, Darco, Loomit and others in Hamburg-Lohbrügge (Germany), 1995 Mirko Reisser also acted as the artistic director for Sign of the Times. The work got an entry in the Guinness World Records for the highest graffiti in the world. Together with Darco, Loomit, and others, and under the organisational lead of Lothar Knode, the piece, with an overall wall-space of 300 m², was realised on a skyscraper in Hamburg-Lohbrügge in December 1995. The artists working on the 30-meter high and 11-meter wide artwork used 1,000 spray cans.
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USDA researchers, Lyle Goodhue and William Sullivan. The concepts of aerosol probably go as far back as 1790.Bellis, Mary The History of Aerosol Spray Cans The first aerosol spray can patent was granted in Oslo in 1927 to Erik Rotheim, a Norwegian chemical engineer,Norwegian Patent No. 46613, issued on November 23, 1926 and a United States patent was granted for the invention in 1931. — Method and Means for the Atomizing or Distribution of Liquid or Semiliquid Materials, issued April 7, 1931 The patent rights were sold to a United States company for 100,000 Norwegian kroner.
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The cover features an abstract portrayal of Badu, who dons vintage nameplate knuckle rings bearing the album title and an Afro decorated in a bric-a-brac manner with various emblems. Badu and Emek sought to reflect the former's perspective on various topics, including music, religion, governments, and economics, and incorporate emblems to depict American culture and modern society. Images featured in the Afro include those of flowers, spray cans, dollar signs, power plants, musical notes, toilets, raised fists, needles, laptops, turntables, handcuffs, broken chains, bar codes, drugs, and guns. The album's interior artwork features ominous, psychedelic, futuristic, and apocalyptic imagery.
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In April 2019, it was reported that Massive Attack had encoded Mezzanine into DNA to mark the 20th anniversary of the seminal 1998 album. The album has also been made available in the form of a matt black spray paint can. A limited number of spray cans will contain the DNA encoded audio within matt black paint and each can will contain approximately one million copies of the album. Addressing the novel storage method, Del Naja – who is also known as a graffiti artist as ‘3D' – said: “It’s a creative way to store your back catalogue, although DNA-encoded spray paint is unlikely to be adopted by street artists seeking anonymity”.
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Former Christchurch stock yards In February 2008 Helen Clark, the New Zealand prime minister at that time, announced a government crackdown on tagging and other forms of graffiti vandalism, describing it as a destructive crime representing an invasion of public and private property. New legislation subsequently adopted included a ban on the sale of paint spray cans to persons under 18 and increases in maximum fines for the offence from NZ$200 to NZ$2,000 or extended community service. The issue of tagging become a widely debated one following an incident in Auckland during January 2008 in which a middle-aged property owner stabbed one of two teenage taggers to death and was subsequently convicted of manslaughter.
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Rowland theorized that man made organic compound gases combine with solar radiation and decompose in the stratosphere, releasing atoms of chlorine and chlorine monoxide that are individually able to destroy large numbers of ozone molecules. It was obvious that Frank had a good idea of what was occurring at higher altitudes when he stated "...I knew that such a molecule could not remain inert in the atmosphere forever, if only because solar photochemistry at high altitudes would break it down". Rowland's research, first published in Nature magazine in 1974, initiated a scientific investigation of the problem. In 1978, a first ban on CFC-based aerosols in spray cans was issued in the United States.
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After the news of the Moscow Signal broke to the public, many Americans became afraid of the "invisible threat", something they could not see but feared could kill them. Author Paul Brodeur first warned Americans of the danger of "invisible threats" in the form of a list of environmental hazards to human life, which included "detergent enzymes, cancer-causing asbestos fibers, and ozone- depleting fluorocarbons in spray cans." In Brodeur's book The Zapping of America, he claims that Americans are exposed to lethal levels of radiation from missile-tracking radars, television transmitters and even the common household microwave oven. In an interview with People Magazine, Brodeur explains that although the United States maximum exposure standard is 10 milliwatts per square centimeter, that standard is unenforceable.
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The digital artist has at his disposal several tools not available to the traditional painter. Some of these include: a virtual palette consisting of millions of colors, almost any size canvas or media, and the ability to take back mistakes, as well as erasers, pencils, spray cans, brushes, combs, and a variety of 2D and 3D effect tools. A graphics tablet allows the artist to work with precise hand movements simulating a real pen and drawing surface. Even the traditional surface has changed for digital painting. Instead of a canvas or sketchbook, artists would use a mouse or tablet to display strokes that would appear with the touch of a pen to the tablet’s surface, or a click of pen.
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Possession of spray cans "without a lawful excuse", either on or around public transport, became illegal, and police search powers were also strengthened. According to Melbourne University criminologist Alison Young, the "state is profiting from the work of artists doing it, but another arm of the state wants to prosecute and possibly imprison (such) people." Since laws were tightened, local councils have reported a "spike" in vandalism and greater incidences of tagging on commissioned murals and legal street art. Adrian Doyle, founder of the Blender Studios and manager of Melbourne Street Art Tours, believes that people who tag have become less considerate of where they put their tags for fear of being caught by police, and are "paranoid so they are taking less time—tags are less detailed".
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The Self-Help Graphics & Art a community arts center founded by a Franciscan nun started in this building completed in 1927. The Chicano visual art tradition, like the identity, is grounded in community empowerment and resisting assimilation and oppression. Prior to the introduction of spray cans, paint brushes were used by Chicano "shoeshine boys [who] marked their names on the walls with their daubers to stake out their spots on the sidewalk" in the early 20th century. Pachuco graffiti culture in Los Angeles was already "in full bloom" by the 1930s and 1940s, pachucos developed their placa, "a distinctive calligraphic writing style" which went on to influence contemporary graffiti tagging. Paño, a form of pinto arte (a caló term for male prisoner) using pen and pencil, developed in the 1930s, first using bed sheets and pillowcases as canvases.
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A wide breadth of creativity in addressing environmental and health concerns went into the achievements of the individual communities. One such example consists of the students and faculty of Autonomous University in Ciudad Juárez who crafted spray-paint cans that are better for the environment than the outdated spray cans previously used in the auto industry. Borderwide projects made huge achievements in areas such as scrap tire removal, providing safe drinking water systems and connecting homes to wastewater facilities, government collection of unused pesticides and agro- chemicals, improved emergency response and readiness in case of an environmental disaster, created coordinated binational responses in the event of an emergency along the border, community cleanups and solid waste removal from various waterways on both sides of the border, properly removing or recycling e-waste in U.S. and Mexico, and took inventories of greenhouse gas emissions (GHE).
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Americans voluntarily switched away from aerosol sprays, resulting in a 50 percent sales loss even before legislation was enforced. After a 1976 report by the United States National Academy of Sciences concluded that credible scientific evidence supported the ozone depletion hypothesis a few countries, including the United States, Canada, Sweden, Denmark, and Norway, moved to eliminate the use of CFCs in aerosol spray cans. At the time this was widely regarded as a first step towards a more comprehensive regulation policy, but progress in this direction slowed in subsequent years, due to a combination of political factors (continued resistance from the halocarbon industry and a general change in attitude towards environmental regulation during the first two years of the Reagan administration) and scientific developments (subsequent National Academy assessments that indicated that the first estimates of the magnitude of ozone depletion had been overly large). A critical DuPont manufacturing patent for Freon was set to expire in 1979.
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Moomaw has conducted research in areas including sustainable development, renewable energy, trade and environment, technology and policy implications for climate change, water and climate change, economics and geochemistry of the nitrogen cycle, biodiversity, and negotiation strategies for environmental agreements. Moomaw has been a lead author for several Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reports, including being the coordinating lead author of the 2001 chapter on greenhouse gas emissions reduction and a lead author for the 2007 IPCC Fourth Assessment Report Chapter 4: Energy Supply in Mitigation of Climate Change (Working Group III). As an American Association for the Advancement of Science Congressional Science Fellow, he worked on energy and forestry legislation and on legislation that eliminated American use of CFCs in spray cans to protect the ozone layer. Moomaw also founded the Tufts Climate Initiative and co-founded the Global Development and Environment Institute, and has served on the boards of The Climate Group, Clean Air-Cool Planet, Earthwatch Institute, Center for Ecological Technologies, Woods Hole Research Center, and the Consensus Building Institute.
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Earth has been taken over by a benign group of aliens known as the Monitors, gentlemanly figures clad in black overcoats and bowler hats. They are dedicated to suppressing humanity's propensities for violence, sex, war, and trouble, enforcing their ethos with spray cans of a pacifying gas and with television ads praising the Monitors' rule—the latter featuring cameos by a variety of comedic actors, as well as bandleader Xavier Cugat and Illinois senator Everett Dirksen (who died before the film's release). A conflict with the Monitors, inspired by the outrageous antics of a street preacher (Larry Storch), leads to the flight of movie actress Barbara (Susan Oliver), who is a collaborator with the Monitors, along with free-lance pilot Harry (Guy Stockwell) and Harry's brother Max (Avery Schreiber), and their spiriting away by the "preacher", who turns out to be a leader of SCRAG or "Secret Counter Retalitorial Group", an anti-Monitor resistance group. After a series of vicissitudes, with Harry among the Monitors and Barbara and Max among the SCRAG forces, the principals are reunited and, minus Barbara, fly off to Washington, D.C., in an attempt to foil a SCRAG plot to bomb Monitor headquarters.
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