In this particular instance it&aposs membership in a particular social group, and that particular social group in the attorney general&aposs decision was people who were fearing crime in their home country.
|
|
I'm talking about the social group that you belong to.
|
|
In every social group, people fit into a status hierarchy.
|
|
"You have to change your whole social group," he recalls.
|
|
Put someone from a different social group in these commercials.
|
|
It began as a social group but progressively grew more violent.
|
|
Every social group and community pocket has different rules for Instagram.
|
|
"How are they supposed to articulate a particular social group on their own?" said Harris, noting that she teaches her law students how to define a social group over the course of three semester-long classes.
|
|
First, her claimed social group — "Guatemalan women who have been involved intimately with Guatemalan male companions, who believe that women are to live under male domination" — did not qualify as a "particular social group" for asylum purposes.
|
|
But unfortunately the membership in a particular social group is completely amorphous.
|
|
In general each social group has rules and expectations of its members.
|
|
But another underrepresented social group is entering the fight for balanced representation.
|
|
By criticizing this one social group that I do not belong to on behalf of another social group that ALSO I do not belong to, I have proven myself to be the dopest and wokest ally of them all.
|
|
And that gender inequality extends beyond the women in your direct social group.
|
|
Powell said the students involved are not part of the same social group.
|
|
They already have a pecking order, and their social group is already done.
|
|
"Particular social group" is the only characteristic that doesn't have an obvious definition.
|
|
So why did political scientists place so much faith in this social group?
|
|
And that gender inequality extends beyond the women in your direct social group. 292.
|
|
Evangelical Christians were the social group that most trust in Bolsonaro, the poll showed.
|
|
This time, her lawyer included arguments about her membership in a particular social group.
|
|
These are race, religion, political activity, nationality and membership in a particular social group.
|
|
Caribbean people of Indian origin are as successful and well-integrated as any social group.
|
|
"Tell the truth" and "keep your promises," for example, help a social group stick together.
|
|
I knew at that moment that I was no longer welcome in the social group.
|
|
The goal is whole sounder removal: the destruction or relocation of the entire social group.
|
|
Social psychology research has found that when most of the members of one social group are also members of another social group, those who identify with both groups are more likely to view outsiders with intolerance and to see them as very different from themselves.
|
|
Female tormentors prefer "relational" bullying, such as spreading false rumours or exclusion from a social group.
|
|
In both of these cases, the dead gorillas were attended by members from their social group.
|
|
There's hardly a social group that doesn't experience, at some level, the effects of shared mentalities.
|
|
On the downside, I missed out on meme updates, an important cornerstone of my social group.
|
|
Some animals escape, minus a limb, and hobble along with the help of their social group.
|
|
One way to think of social group is that it is like the other bases of asylum.
|
|
Pinduoduo's social group-buying model works so well that it's rapidly closing in on its larger rivals.
|
|
It explains why our psychological health depends so heavily on our status within a particular social group.
|
|
First, I'm getting them out of their social group identity, and reminding them of their individual identity.
|
|
A rich cast of teens proves that neither virtue nor vice exclusively belongs to one social group.
|
|
A few went to events put on by Medi Club, a kind of meditation-cum-social group.
|
|
He had circulated in her social group, and they had been at many of the same parties.
|
|
Associating all Medicaid beneficiaries with a scorned social group, drug users, poses a danger to everyone's health.
|
|
This means that if our social group believes something, we are more likely to follow the herd.
|
|
Moai is an informal social group of people who have common interests and look out for each other.
|
|
For bonobos, sex acts as a glue that binds together all of the members of a social group.
|
|
Given the size of their social group, that goal seemed realistic after the account premiered in February 2015.
|
|
I was used to feeling like a total alien when I was in any kind of social group.
|
|
It's a defense of social group and status hierarchy against an upstart challenger, just like in the study.
|
|
Well-established law recognizes family as a protected social group, according to the Center for Gender & Refugee Studies.
|
|
This can also apply to how likely you believe you are to be accepted in a social group.
|
|
"Here we have somebody that can actually be considered part of a particular social group," Ms. Caballero said.
|
|
Unlike in Northern Ireland, "there was never a political party or social group that supported police crimes," he says.
|
|
By then we were sharing a flat, a social group, and were deeply embedded in each other's family lives.
|
|
But when the sick fly was surrounded with other cancerous flies, those flies included it in their social group.
|
|
When you're traveling with friends, that's a great thing because you've got your built-in social group with you.
|
|
Throughout history, and in many different nations, the short equation has been: Contagious Disease + "Undesirable" Social Group= Poor Outcomes.
|
|
The government has been wrestling for decades with that last classification — what exactly counts as a "particular social group"?
|
|
Almost everyone in my computing social group has seen this movie, and speak of it with a familiar fondness.
|
|
At one point in human history, the safest bet was to only trust people in your small social group.
|
|
Perez signed on to the weight loss journey after years of feeling like the ugly duckling of her social group.
|
|
Refugees are those fleeing persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion.
|
|
They certainly don't have the ability to articulate a "particular social group" they were being targeted as a member of.
|
|
Though you have to wonder, what does it actually take to sever one's ties from such a popular social group?
|
|
But Sessions ruled that the appeals board was incorrect in determining that AB was part of a specific social group.
|
|
The ruling led to a trend in social group definitions being scrutinized less strictly, according to the Cornell Law Review.
|
|
It grants asylum to people persecuted for their race, religion, nationality, gender, membership of a social group or political views.
|
|
Until Sessions' order in June, it was precedent to consider domestic violence survivors as members of a particular social group.
|
|
Is that effect more powerful if the person belongs to your social group or if you have a shared identity?
|
|
This juice aids joint pain and improves eyesight while simultaneously transforming you into the queen bee of your social group.
|
|
Asylum seekers must demonstrate fear of persecution because of their race, religion, nationality or membership in a particular social group.
|
|
The persecution has to be on account of race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion.
|
|
These women, who are often poor, are marginalized into a distinct social group that experiences violence at a disproportionate rate.
|
|
You're more likely to sympathize with someone in your social group rather than an outsider, especially one who looks different.
|
|
Can you venerate someone whose work you admire, but who actively held disdained towards a social group you belong to?
|
|
Often that takes the form of lashing out at members of whatever social group dared to challenge the established hierarchy.
|
|
The Soviets enrolled schoolchildren in the "Pioneers" program—a social group designed to encourage children to inform on their parents.
|
|
Someone from your family, social group, place of worship, or workplace could very easily fall victim to our broken system.
|
|
With Fanimal, everyone in a social group pays individually and receives their own tickets, and there are no hidden fees.
|
|
Even in films about people who are nominally embedded in some tightly knit social group, trust is always a struggle.
|
|
The AG found that, in analyzing the particular social group at issue in A-R-C-G-, "married women in Guatemala who are unable to leave their relationship," the BIA had failed to correctly apply the standards for cognizable particular social group set forth in Matter of M-E-V-G, 26 I&N Dec.
|
|
You spend a lot of time in the book talking about our primordial fear of being ostracized from our social group.
|
|
For too long, we have allowed [COMMUNITY/SOCIAL GROUP THAT THE WRITER IS MOSTLY UNFAMILIAR WITH] to [RESTATE THE INNOCUOUS THING].
|
|
The precedent established four years ago allowed women victims of violence to be regarded as members of a particular social group.
|
|
One way migrants can claim asylum is by arguing they are in danger because they belong to a particular social group.
|
|
The lesson here is that people can be turned away from violence if they believe that a wider social group disapproves.
|
|
Legal experts believe prosecutors have a stronger case this time because he targeted a specific social group, rather than a religion.
|
|
"No citizen or social group can be completely isolated from politics, because policy decisions and actions affect their lives," he added.
|
|
At issue is a part of asylum law that protects members of a "particular social group" who are victims of persecution.
|
|
In recent years, victims of domestic violence started to get support for being granted asylum as members of a particular social group.
|
|
Those who engaged in activities that were not intellectually challenging, either in a social group or alone, did not show such improvements.
|
|
Think about if you were to utter a fact that contradicted the opinions of the majority of those in your social group.
|
|
There was no vinegar on the menu at the Tunisian Wine Tasting Club, a social group recently established for Tunis-based oenophiles.
|
|
When a similar cap was lifted in Australia in 2012, the proportion of youngsters going to university increased in every social group.
|
|
A note to politicians: Stop blaming an entire race, creed, religion or any other social group for the actions of the radicalised.
|
|
Jewelry has always been a mode of self-expression as well as wealth, status and membership of a tribe or social group.
|
|
Interpersonal violence or crime victimization, similarly, wouldn't be the basis for social group membership unless they were happening on a national scale.
|
|
I was also drawn to the idea of building a social group whose baseline assumption was that we'd see one another regularly.
|
|
As in the late 19th century, demagogues displace the anxieties of powerless people onto a clearly identifiable social group: immigrants or refugees.
|
|
The women I work with are all married, most with kids, so a workplace social group is almost out of the question.
|
|
And while different bars have earned different reputations (some more social, others more work-friendly), no professional or social group is overrepresented.
|
|
"Once returned to their social group, males immediately began to engage in normal social behavior, including mating with females," Colagross-Schouten said.
|
|
People who flee their homes because of their sexuality, on the other hand, officially fall into a different category—a persecuted social group.
|
|
In the past, some would argue that their family was being targeted, and that made them a member of a persecuted social group.
|
|
Since 1951, the U.S. and other governments have wrestled with claims of gender-based persecution through application of the "particular social group" ground.
|
|
By April of 2010, there was a growing consensus among people in my social group that it was best to start easing off.
|
|
Then you have a second one, the mammalian brain, which is the one that makes you protect your kids and your social group.
|
|
The Vegan Society also holds a regular event called the London Vegan Meetup—a free social group for vegans and the vegan-curious.
|
|
She traveled between Ohio and Boston and settled in Philadelphia, where in 1892 she founded a social group called the Ladies' Liberal League.
|
|
Germany offers refugee protection if applicants can show persecution because of nationality, religion, political opinion or for belonging to a certain social group.
|
|
And so if, via our social group, we are overly exposed to a particular idea then it becomes embedded in our world view.
|
|
A refugee has a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, political opinion or membership in a particular social group.
|
|
Under Mexican law, a member of a family that has been threatened by a gang may qualify as belonging to a persecuted social group.
|
|
On a personal level, as a relatively recent transplant to Bed-Stuy, Brooklyn, I asked Hawkins how I could diversify my own social group.
|
|
Typically, it's an assertion of authority: As a member of this or that social group, I have experiences that lend my remarks special weight.
|
|
This desire for winning exists in all social group members, most fiercely among those who feel that their group status is threatened or fragile.
|
|
To fill this gap, we have estimated how much each social group, from the poorest to billionaires, paid in taxes for the year 9033.
|
|
With hindsight, I should have questioned more his distancing of himself from his usual social group — and, possibly, the watchful eye of his father.
|
|
At its inception in the early 1990s, the CPC was a "social group for members" with "similar ideological views," as Pocan recently put it.
|
|
"When you're within a certain social group or circle or age group or scene, there's a lot of double-dipping that happens," she said.
|
|
In early human societies, competitive success or failure in early adulthood determined a man's standing in a social group for the rest of his life.
|
|
In this case, the U.S. government decided to recognize that women fleeing domestic abuse constituted a social group, which has helped them receive legal protections.
|
|
They are very social, group-oriented animals that hate to be alone, and they have very strong social structures, just like a pack of dogs.
|
|
Angelo is quick to admit that he wouldn't have known about LoveYourself if his social group of other young professionals hadn't told him about it.
|
|
She gave brief remarks to students in the cafeteria, encouraging them to make new friends and get to know children outside of their social group.
|
|
Issues in the case At issue is a part of asylum law that protects members of a "particular social group" who are victims of persecution.
|
|
This isn't the first time The Board of Immigration Appeals has considered domestic violence and rejected victims of domestic violence as a particular social group.
|
|
When a social group perceives a threat, according to this theory, its members tend to shift how they see themselves, one another and, especially, outsiders.
|
|
It begins when members of a social group perceive a threat to themselves because of their membership in that group, or to the group itself.
|
|
While you're at it, look at the representation of women, people of color, people with disabilities, or any other social group you think is important.
|
|
Members of a social group share traits – like race – they cannot change, or beliefs – like religion – they should not have to change to avoid being harmed.
|
|
The first time a group becomes conscious of itself as an important social group, it is because they realize that they're all being subjected to something.
|
|
This is a social group that will have more voting clout, hold more elected offices, and hold more influential posts in civic organizations as they age.
|
|
Under Mexican law asylum is granted to those persecuted on the grounds of race, religion, nationality, gender, membership of a particular social group, or political opinion.
|
|
This framework offers five grounds for refugee status: fear of persecution relating to one's race, religion, membership of a particular social group, nationality or political opinion.
|
|
"What's really needed is for that social group to have some opportunity to go behind closed doors and be able to have those conversations," Thorp explained.
|
|
In 2014, the U.S. Board of Immigration Appeals found that women unable to leave domestic violence in Guatemala qualified as members of a particular social group.
|
|
People fleeing persecution may be refugees, but only if their persecution is based on race, religion, political opinion, nationality, or membership in a particular social group.
|
|
In many of the cases the appellate body sent back to Couch for reconsideration, that social group would be the women unable to leave their relationship.
|
|
The answer, perhaps, is an abstraction that serves as the product of shared core values among a social group, rather than as a form of dehumanization.
|
|
Those revolutionaries mostly lived and worked together on the former imperial grounds of Zhongnanhai, coalescing into a tight social group, until the Cultural Revolution dispersed them.
|
|
As such, it indicates to other members of a social group that the person who's embarrassed is sensitive to norms and committed to group well-being.
|
|
UC Berkeley cognitive neuroscientist and workplace productivity consultant Sahar Yousef said human beings are "tribal," meaning they tend to form emotional relationships with their social group.
|
|
"Happy is an autonomous being who evolved to walk 20 or more miles a day as a member of a multi-generational large social group," said Wise.
|
|
" Without notifications, the co-authors wrote, participants felt less distracted and more productive, but they also felt anxious because they were "less connected with one's social group.
|
|
We're hard-wired to fit in with our social group, because you originally needed the group's support and approval in order to survive and feed your offspring.
|
|
After all, it can be very tempting to be abusive to someone far away, who you don't know, if you think it will impress your social group.
|
|
The truth was that Quichotte had almost no friends anymore—no social group, no cohort, no posse, no real pals—having long ago abandoned the social whirl.
|
|
Well, when we told our participants that their wider social group were not as willing to commit violence as they were, this part of the brain reactivated.
|
|
It's extremely difficult for anyone other than a trained immigration lawyer to know exactly what does and doesn't count as a particular social group eligible for asylum.
|
|
In fact, a better indicator of political behavior is one's place, culture and social group — things we're born into, by no virtue or fault of our own.
|
|
Refugees are fleeing home because of a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in a social group or political opinion.
|
|
Guidry receives support in her personal and professional life through an independent social group called The Hedge of Protection (The Hedge for short), a nod to Psalm 91.
|
|
The sanctuary has scheduled the chimps to arrive in social group transfers from the NIRC of about ten at a time, and welcomed the first group this week.
|
|
The year-old Manhattan-based social group Clean Fun Network was so overwhelmed by the initial response, it had to temporarily shut down, said Jimmy Hamm, a founder.
|
|
Barr found that the previous ruling by the Board of Immigration Appeals had "improperly recognized" the father's immediate family as a "particular social group," in effect overturning precedent.
|
|
Generally anyone seeking asylum must show persecution based on "race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion" as a central reason for their persecution.
|
|
According to Diana Blank, an attorney at the New Haven Legal Assistance Association and lecturer at Yale Law School, the "particular social group" category is the most malleable.
|
|
In both cases they must prove the same well-founded fear of persecution on account of race, religion, nationality, political opinion or membership in a particular social group.
|
|
The "Party of the Dead" imagines the deceased as a majority social group excluded from political power, but now given a voice for their vague but irresistible demands.
|
|
His belief was that when he was dressed as a professional, whites saw his class status first and responded to him as a member of that social group.
|
|
A tournament allows a given environment — a workplace, a social group, a team of players of any other sport — to discover whom amongst them is literally the most chill.
|
|
Social dominance orientation refers to a psychological drive to maintain oneself and one's social group at the top of social hierarchies, including hierarchies by race, gender, and immigration status.
|
|
The appeals board, which is under the Department of Justice, said Aminta Cifuentes was part of a particular social group: married women in Guatemala unable to escape their husbands.
|
|
But thanks to the internet (and despite energetic censors) it is better equipped to do so than any social group has ever been in the history of Communist China.
|
|
The idea that the best marriage partner is someone with the same family background and belonging to precisely the same social group seems to be rooted in the subcontinent.
|
|
The definition of social group can be quite flexible, so being part of a family that has been threatened by a gang could be the basis for a claim.
|
|
In fact, one of the healthiest ways to combat more prolonged feelings of fear and anxiety is by joining a social group that can offer a sense of support.
|
|
Mahlmann borrowed a camera around the same time when he joined a NASA social group, going to watch a commercial resupply launch from Florida to the International Space Station.
|
|
Twitter user Anna Vetticad tweeted a photograph of Dorsey holding up a poster reading "smash Brahminical patriarchy," a reference to the highest caste — or social group — in Hindu society.
|
|
When members of one social group feel it is under threat from another group, researchers say, this can heighten cognitive biases that distort how that other group is perceived.
|
|
However, my favorite interaction came with Tara and Sam (not their real names), who appeared to be in the same Tinder Social group despite not really knowing each other.
|
|
This becomes even less likely when the "default" is a social good, meaning it appeals to the inherent human desire to meaningfully give back to one's own social group.
|
|
What happens under current policy: US law limits asylum to people who are persecuted because of their race, religion, political opinions, nationality, or membership in a particular social group.
|
|
Finck had organized the "yarn-bombing" project as the head of the Renewal Club, a social group in this small village just south of the eastern city of Dijon.
|
|
Confirmation bias also manifests as a tendency to select information from sources that already agree with our views (which probably comes from the social group that we relate too).
|
|
Asylum-seekers must prove persecution or fear of persecution in their home country due to their race, religion, nationality, political opinion or being a member of a particular social group.
|
|
He came to Cincinnati in 2015Harambe arrived at the Cincinnati Zoo in April 13 at 16 and joined a social group with two 19-year-old females, Chewie and Mara.
|
|
Lundquist cites a concept called "stereotype threat," in which a person of a given racial or social group becomes anxious about confirming a perceived — often negative — stereotype about their group.
|
|
Hastily adopted legislation basically made it illegal to offend any social group — though as wielded by the authorities, the new laws primarily seemed to protect the strong from the weak.
|
|
"The results show that the recognition of creative performance in the Oscars and BAFTA awards... is strongly shaped by shared social group membership between judges and performers," he tells Broadly.
|
|
This is becoming more common, partly because computing advances have made simulation models, which estimate how much a proposal will change the income of each social group, easier to run.
|
|
Brogan downloaded Final Fantasy XIV (FFXIV) on her PlayStation 4, created her character, Valkyen Vanguard, and joined Narshe Red Wings, a "Free Company," or social group that players can join.
|
|
Thus, (redacted)'s abuse appears related to his own criminal tendencies and substance abuse, rather than conclusive evidence he targeted the respondent on account of her proposed particular social group.
|
|
Traditionally, the basis for a successful asylum claim has been a well-grounded fear of persecution, based on one's race, religion, nationality, political opinion, or membership in a social group.
|
|
The Board's cursory analysis of the respondent's "particular social group" in that case consisted mainly of a general citation to A-R-C-G-'s case and country condition reports.
|
|
Tom Pepinsky, a Cornell University political scientist, joked darkly on Twitter: "If you are an easily scapegoatable Turkish politician or social group, now's the time to get out of Dodge."
|
|
A desire to remain with the social group can produce a strong emotional response if a parent perceives that a referee makes a bad call or a child plays sluggishly.
|
|
They also questioned Reuveni over what scenarios an individual would qualify as part of a social group and how a case would meet the threshold laid out in the ruling.
|
|
Similarly, users can report their "tribe" (generally, the social group they're a part of, including Jocks, Bears, Geeks) and whether they're looking for a relationship, a hook up, casual dating, etc.
|
|
Disapproval from AIPAC might also have hurt Trump with evangelical Christian Zionists, who represent an entirely different social group but normally take their main policy cues from the more established AIPAC.
|
|
Social media is still a major key EDM fans have been shown to be the most social group out of all music fans, so an Internet presence is crucial for artists.
|
|
The majority of the game is spent doing these small actions and watching the small social group in front of you scatter and chatter to each other about what just happened.
|
|
Or it could choose to define the phrase "particular social group" by amending the law to include a non-exclusive list of (currently) common gender-based asylum claims, including domestic violence.
|
|
Unless extreme social awkwardness is your thing, don't do as I did and ghost all your former friends while scrambling to find an entirely new social group halfway through your course.
|
|
In the 1990s and 2000s, the company's trademark camel check became closely associated with a low-income social group that is portrayed as being obsessed with brand names and cheap jewelry.
|
|
They must convince the court that they have well-founded fears of persecution in their country because of their race, religion, nationality, political opinions or membership in a particular social group.
|
|
Asylum seekers don't immediately know how their experiences fit into the framework of protections set up by US asylum law: how to articulate membership in a "particular social group," for example.
|
|
Mr. Sessions's action overturned a 2014 decision that had established domestic violence victims as a social group, based on the abuse a Guatemalan woman, Aminta Cifuentes, had faced for 10 years.
|
|
The vocal group Akai Tori sings an eerie traditional ballad about the burakumin, an ostracized social group; it was still a taboo subject, so the song was banned from the radio.
|
|
Fans of the custom say they throw themselves into celebrations because it's a chance for them and their chosen social group to invest meaning in a day with no prior significance.
|
|
To qualify for asylum, applicants must show they were persecuted or fear persecution based on race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion in their home country.
|
|
Human and monkey brains have evolved dedicated systems for recognizing faces, presumably because, as social animals, survival depends on identifying members of one's own social group and distinguishing them from strangers.
|
|
That stands for "New York City–Pups And Handlers"; it's a social group for people who identify as Human-Pups or Handlers, or those looking to learn more about the practice.
|
|
Under international and American law, people are entitled to asylum if they face persecution in their home countries because of their race, religion, nationality, membership of a social group or political opinion.
|
|
The attorney general is not completely closing the door to these claims, but what he&aposs saying is these claims need to be assessed the way that every other particular social group.
|
|
Others may be fleeing violence, but not the kind that would qualify someone for asylum protections: persecution based on their race, religion, nationality, political opinion, or membership in a particular social group.
|
|
Girls have to take the brave step of saying "I love this stuff," take a class with 90 percent boys, probably a male teacher, overcome the media message, defy their social group.
|
|
In other words, if the people judging your performance are of the same nationality and social group to you, you're more likely to end up with a gold statue on your mantelpiece.
|
|
Some may argue that asylum should be a fixed category restricted to those with legitimate fears of persecution because of race, religion, nationality, political opinion or membership in a particular social group.
|
|
He overturned the 2014 ruling which said that "married women in Guatemala who are unable to leave their relationship" qualified as members of a particular social group and thus eligible for asylum.
|
|
In some places, extremists have exploited this to undermine efforts at peace: Attribution error leads to an entire social group being blamed for the actions of a few radical members or supporters.
|
|
In 2015, the Obama administration designated female heads of households as a "particular social group," a move that may have made it easier for women traveling with children to qualify for asylum.
|
|
The type of journalist I'm thinking about is the type who because of the echo chamber of his or her social group, never saw this coming, despite the incredible amounts of warnings.
|
|
Welcome to Painterland opens with an extended introduction that puts the group's identity and sense of purpose into context: The RBPA was a social group and an artistic alliance in equal measure.
|
|
To win asylum, a person has to show that they have a well-founded fear of future persecution on account of race, religion, nationality, political opinion, or membership in a particular social group.
|
|
Harvard created a rule in spring 2016 that punishes students if they are members of fraternities, sororities, and final clubs — a type of social group unique to Harvard — unless the organizations go coed.
|
|
For many of us who first identify as gay men and then go on to transition, our gay and queer social circles function as family, social group, and dating pool all at once.
|
|
Not only that, but they have to prove that they're in danger for one of a particular set of reasons: a political opinion, nationality, religion, race, or membership in a particular social group.
|
|
In each experiment, the people were sorted into an arbitrary social group and then were asked their opinions about a hypothetical college campus election involving a student who belongs to that same group.
|
|
The lawyers also argued that she was part of another particular social group as the family member of someone under threat, since the gangs had terrorized her son in trying to recruit him.
|
|
To be eligible for asylum in the U.S., someone must prove they're fleeing persecution connected to one of five reasons: their race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion.
|
|
As we document in our new book, Asymmetric Politics: Ideological Republicans and Group Interest Democrats, the Republicans are oriented around a common ideology, while the Democrats are organized as a social group coalition.
|
|
Per U.S. and international law, people can claim asylum out of fear of being persecuted in their home countries based on their race, political opinion, nationality, religion, or belonging to a particular social group.
|
|
People are generally eligible for asylum in the U.S. if they feared return to their home country because they would be persecuted based on race, religion, nationality or membership in a particular social group.
|
|
ARTHUR: At least one central reason for the harm that you fear has to be one of the five characteristics for asylum, race religious, nationality, membership in a particular social group or political opinion.
|
|
People are generally eligible for asylum in the US if they feared return to their home country because they would be persecuted based on race, religion, nationality or membership in a particular social group.
|
|
People are generally eligible for asylum in the US if they fear return to their home country because they would be persecuted based on race, religion, nationality or membership in a particular social group.
|
|
In 1951, the U.S. signed the United Nations Convention Concerning the Status of Refugees, a treaty that delineated five grounds for asylum: race, religion, nationality, political opinion and membership in a particular social group.
|
|
Some of the IRA's work focused on Muslim or Christian culture, Texas culture, and even LGBTQ culture, but no other racial or social group received as much attention from the Russians as black Americans.
|
|
Human faces evolved to be highly distinctive; it's helpful to be able to recognize individual members of one's social group and quickly identify strangers, and that hasn't changed for hundreds of thousands of years.
|
|
But it could be even broader — gang violence is also "private" violence, and the "social group" clause has also been used to give asylum to people fleeing gang violence in Honduras and El Salvador.
|
|
With her best friend and fellow reporter Anne Kornblut, she started "Chick Chat," a social group for female White House correspondents that drew political guests as well as charges of elitism from those it excluded.
|
|
It seems likely to me that many of the supposed deficiencies of human cognition are inseparable aspects of our general intelligence, which evolved in large part to allow us to function as a social group.
|
|
This kind of slippage from disease to accusations against a vulnerable social group, is an outcome that we have seen throughout history — as foreigners, prostitutes, Jews and the poor were blamed for outbreaks of plague.
|
|
Both U.S. and international law establish that people can seek asylum out of fear of being persecuted in their home countries based on their race, political opinion, nationality, religion, or belonging to a particular social group.
|
|
In addition, the AG articulated that membership in the particular social group must be a central reason for the persecution, and asylum officers must consider whether internal relocation is reasonable in every case before granting asylum.
|
|
If the infants saw a person act disgusted after eating a food, they expected that a second person would also be disgusted by that food – even if the second person was from a different social group.
|
|
"Repeated exposure to visual stimuli and words relevant to one's identity, when perceived to be threatening or priming negative stereotypes regarding social group membership, can negatively impact psychological well-being," the researches wrote in the study.
|
|
With that in mind, Sessions recently overturned a line of decisions by the Bureau of Immigration Appeals (BIA) that granted asylum to those who claimed domestic violence under the "particular social group" classification of the law.
|
|
When people see others in their social group subjected to harm because of their membership in that group, they don't just sympathize with that suffering — they feel as if it had happened to them, as well.
|
|
In 2014, the Board of Immigration Appeals, in a landmark decision, ruled that women who are abused, married and unable to leave their relationship constitute a "particular social group," and, as such, are entitled to asylum.
|
|
A foreign national seeking asylum in the U.S. must prove that they have a credible fear of persecution in their homeland, based on their race, religion, nationality, political opinion or membership in a particular social group.
|
|
Along with the Exempt Firemen's Association, a social group, he had paid for a series of small jazz concerts in Donegan Park, in the city's Little Italy section, held on Saturdays leading up to the festival.
|
|
The officers will ask additional questions to determine if the migrants are "more likely than not" to face persecution on grounds of race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group or political opinion in Guatemala.
|
|
India's Constitution guarantees equality to all, but it also enshrines caste-based affirmative action for the lowest social group, the Dalits, known in legal terms as scheduled castes, and for indigenous forest-dwellers, known as scheduled tribes.
|
|
Under German law, refugee status can be granted where applicants are able to demonstrate a "well-founded fear of being persecuted" on the basis of race, nationality, political opinion, religion or membership of a particular social group.
|
|
The finding was part of a wide-ranging paper on American political identities called "One Tribe to Bind Them All: How Our Social Group Attachments Strengthen Partisanship," published in the journal Advances in Political Psychology in February.
|
|
If they show that they're at risk of persecution in their home country (due to their race, nationality, religion, political opinion or membership in a particular social group) the US is supposed to give it to them.
|
|
The burden of proof for asylum eligibility is the same as it is for refugee eligibility — a well-founded fear of persecution on account of race, religion, political opinion, nationality, or membership in a particular social group.
|
|
What evolutionary psychologists call "altruistic punishment," in which you penalize someone in a way that offers no direct advantage to you, is part of a package of psychological traits that ensures the good of the social group.
|
|
They are listed as an upper caste which means they are excluded from a quota system for government jobs, but as a social group they are now experiencing downward mobility and missing out on urban job opportunities.
|
|
A three-country study led by Marta Marchlewska of the Polish Academy of Sciences found that the trouble often starts when members of a particular social group believe their group is declining in status relative to others.
|
|
Exceptions are made if the migrants can establish that they are "more likely than not" to be persecuted or tortured in Guatemala based on their race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion.
|
|
In order to qualify, an individual needs to prove past persecution or a well-founded fear of future persecution based on one of the following: race, nationality, religion, political opinions or membership in a particular social group.
|
|
"I didn't expect political conflict to spill over from political aspects of our lives to nonpolitical aspects of our lives, and I saw that happening in my social group," said Mr. Westwood, now a professor at Dartmouth.
|
|
Like Putin in Russia, Trump's strongman legitimacy rests on his targeting of any social group — be it LGBTQ individuals, people of color, or members of religious minorities — who do not fit within the scope of Christian nationalism.
|
|
Britons aged 65 and over were previously regarded as the most likely social group to support the country leaving the EU. However, 52% of respondents who fall into this bracket said that they intended to vote for Remain.
|
|
When Peter first found out about his condition, he didn't want to go public with their wider social group because he wanted to keep living "a normal life" and continue working full-time and coaching his kids' teams.
|
|
However, this action hurts [OTHER COMMUNITY/SOCIAL GROUP THAT THE WRITER IS MOSTLY UNFAMILIAR WITH] by trivializing and marginalizing [JUST GO TO TUMBLR AND START CLICKING AROUND UNTIL YOU FIND A GOOD THING TO COPY/PASTE IN HERE].
|
|
The next step is to portray the attack as evidence of the poor moral character or depraved culture inherent to the man's social group, arguing that it therefore poses a danger to the mainstream society's families and values.
|
|
Susan T. Fiske, a professor of psychology and public affairs at Princeton, put it clearly: People are often biased against others outside of their own social group, showing prejudice (emotional bias), stereotypes (cognitive bias), and discrimination (behavioral bias).
|
|
The definition of a "particular social group" has been subject to conflicting interpretations in the courts, but in general, such a group comprises people who share basic beliefs or traits that can't or shouldn't have to be changed.
|
|
Nearly 93,000 asylum seekers who crossed the border illegally or turned themselves in at official ports of entry in 2018 cited a credible fear of being targeted because of their race, religion, nationality, political opinions or social group.
|
|
Brown roots aren't just a reminder that it's time to schedule an appointment at your hair salon—they're an alarm that it's time to stop trying to fit in with a social group that you don't even like.
|
|
Zaki argues that you can practice this by literally getting to know folks outside your peer and social group and seeking out fiction and non-fiction stories that allow you to take a "mental trip" into someone else's world.
|
|
The social group, which allowed only female users to post images publicly, blocked onlookers from commenting or contacting the women unless they had a high enough credit rating as determined by Ant Financial's data-backed rating system, Sesame Credit.
|
|
To get asylum, applicants must demonstrate that they meet the refugee definition, which requires a showing of past harm or fear of future harm based on a person's race, religion, nationality, political opinion or membership in a social group.
|
|
The DHS attorneys who litigated the case conceded—based on the facts and the underlying scientific evidence—that domestic violence victims were part of a social group, and therefore could be eligible for asylum if they could establish persecution.
|
|
Migrants can obtain asylum in the US if they have "credible fear" of persecution in their home countries on account of their race, religion, nationality, political opinions, or membership in a "particular social group," such as the LGBTQ community.
|
|
"Under the laws passed by Congress, asylum is only for those who have a legitimate fear of persecution on the basis of their race, nationality, religion, political opinion, or membership in a particular social group," said department spokesman Steven Stafford.
|
|
This requires showing that they are unable or unwilling to return to their own countries because of persecution or a well-founded fear of persecution on account of race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion.
|
|
Hours later, a whale calf believed to belong to the same social group was found dead on the beach about a mile to the north, said David Schofield, the regional marine mammal response coordinator for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
|
|
"Our nation's immigration laws provide for asylum to be granted to individuals who have been persecuted, or who have a well-founded fear of persecution, on account of their membership in a 'particular social group,'" a Justice Department spokesman said.
|
|
Asylum seekers can make claims that they suffered persecution related to race, religion, nationality, political opinion or their particular social group, broadly considered to include people who share a common characteristic that endangers them and whose governments will not protect them.
|
|
Attorneys general as far back as Janet Reno, who served from 1993 to 2001, have weighed in on the use of the particular social group in asylum cases, going back and forth on how to treat issues like domestic violence.
|
|
There are a few categories that have to be proven in order to be granted asylum, including being part of a "particular social group" that has a reason to fear persecution and whose government can't or won't adequately protect them.
|
|
Simply stated, a refugee is a person who is outside of his or her country because of persecution or a well-founded fear of persecution on account of race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion.
|
|
CreditJosé Jiménez-Tirado for The New York Times The movement is alarming an earlier generation of Puerto Rico tax expats like the hedge fund manager Robb Rill, who runs a social group for those taking advantage of the tax incentives.
|
|
Theoretically, asylum is supposed to be available only for victims of certain types of persecution, but some judges have found that women in some countries who experience domestic violence are being persecuted for membership in the "social group" of being women.
|
|
Competing on the swim team provided a social group and gave her something to talk about in homeroom instead of having to explain—again—how a disease she could barely pronounce (transverse myelitis) had rendered her legs useless as an infant.
|
|
"More than his loss of a forearm, bad limp and other injuries, his deafness would have made him easy prey for the ubiquitous carnivores in his environment and dependent on other members of his social group for survival," said Trinkaus in a statement.
|
|
The attorney general inserted himself into the case purportedly to refine and apply the social group analysis developed over the past several years to the question of whether domestic violence survivors, like the respondent in Matter of A-B-, qualify for asylum.
|
|
Asylum seekers must demonstrate a "significant possibility" that they can prove that they have been persecuted or have a well-founded fear of persecution on grounds of race, religion, nationality, membership in a social group or political opinion if they are deported.
|
|
I chatted a bit with a group of women in matching fabulous red-and-purple headbands, all part of The Red Hat Society of North Carolina, a social group for women over 50, where they picked this festival as their monthly outing.
|
|
There is a tremendous amount of social science suggesting that partisan identity in the United States today has become a kind of master cultural signifier: Being a member of good standing in your social group requires being on the right political team.
|
|
In 26.5, 20103 million people around the world fled their home countries because of violence and persecution; 22010 million of them submitted asylum applications, asking for legal residency within new countries because of their race, religion, nationality, social group, or political affiliation.
|
|
When the babies in our studies saw a person act disgusted from eating a food, they expected that a second person would also be disgusted by the same food — regardless of whether or not the two people were in the same social group.
|
|
Under the rules set by Congress, to qualify for asylum, an illegal immigrant must demonstrate a well-founded fear of persecution based on at least one of five protected grounds: race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion.
|
|
The country also enacted the Refugee Act in 2013, becoming the first Asian country to pass its own refugee legislation which allows protection for refugees that have sufficient grounds for fear of persecution due to race, religion, nationality, social group or political view.
|
|
Ordinarily, the term "refugee" refers to aliens who are outside of their country of nationality and can't return because of persecution or a well-founded fear of persecution on account of race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion.
|
|
"Any kind of online social group I think could be one avenue for looking for options and making connections locally — and hearing what's going on on the ground." said John Tanzella, president and C.E.O. of the International Gay & Lesbian Travel Association (I.G.L.T.A.).
|
|
To receive asylum, a foreign national generally must show that that they faced persecution, or that they have a "well-founded fear" of persecution, on the basis of race, religion, nationality, membership in a "particular social group," or because of their political views.
|
|
Moreover, Erdogan has made a lot of enemies in the country, notably the Gülen Movement, a religious-social group that Erdogan has accused of being behind the coup (though the group has denied this and said it does not support the coup).
|
|
Yoli's application for asylum hinges on a case known as Matter of A-R-C-G-, in which another tribunal — the Board of Immigration Appeals — ruled in 2014 that "married women who are unable to leave their relationships" qualified as a particular social group.
|
|
Anyone persecuted due to their race, religion, nationality, politics, or for being a member of a particular social group can apply for asylum, either when they arrive or when they have already immigrated to the US. But the system has been backlogged for years.
|
|
If they pass that first hurdle, a low bar, they go on to immigration court where a judge can grant them asylum if they prove they have been persecuted because of their race, religion, nationality, political opinion, or membership in a particular social group.
|
|
But while A-R-C-G- was the only precedent Sessions explicitly overturned, his ruling also said that "any other" precedent from the Board of Immigration Appeals was also moot if it had defined "particular social group" more broadly than Sessions did last week.
|
|
She presented herself as the candidate with experience, the candidate with an even temper ("steady leadership") and pragmatic understanding of how to achieve real change, and a historic candidate who will break the barriers that hold any social group back from achieving their goals.
|
|
After she related her experiences, the officer asked her whether she was persecuted on account of her race, religion, nationality, political opinion, or membership in a particular social group—the refugee criteria created by the United Nations to reflect the political threats of 2826.
|
|
" In his order staying the board's decision until he reviews it in full, Sessions has asked for briefs on "whether, and under what circumstances, being a victim of private criminal activity constitutes a cognizable 'particular social group' for purposes of the application of asylum.
|
|
In order to qualify for asylum in the United States, applicants must prove they have faced persecution in the past or have a well-founded fear of persecution due to their race, religion, national origin, political opinion or membership in a particular social group.
|
|
These migrants must convince an immigration judge that they belong to a particular social group — being gay, transgender or a political dissident, for instance — that could entitle them to asylum, since they cannot argue that they face persecution based on race, religion or national origin.
|
|
When the policy was rolled out, the Department of Homeland Security said immigrants would not be involuntarily returned to Mexico if they would more likely than not be persecuted on account of race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion.
|
|
Article of the Day Before reading the article: Every year people come to the United States seeking protection because they have suffered — or because they fear they will suffer — persecution because of their race, religion, nationality, political opinion or membership in a particular social group.
|
|
Migrants have the right to pursue asylum in the US if they have "credible fear" of persecution in their home countries on account of their race, religion, nationality, political opinions, or membership in a "particular social group," such as a tribe or ethnic group.
|
|
Currently, individuals seek asylum based on their membership in a particular social group of, for example, LGBT individuals from a certain country, or women unable to leave a relationship from a certain country or because of their kinship ties and membership in their family group.
|
|
It's legal to seek asylum without papers, and the US government is obligated under international law not to send anyone back to a country where they are at risk of persecution due to race, nationality, religion, political opinions, or membership in a social group.
|
|
The breadth of the decision, which went well beyond the validity of the proposed domestic violence-based social group, and appeared to announce a categorical bar to claims involving domestic or gang violence, also suggests that the attorney general had other motives for issuing the decision.
|
|
If you don't source aggressively enough early in your company's life cycle and you end up with a team that is not diverse, it's harder to fix that issue later because you don't want to be the only person from your minority social group at a company.
|
|
"The way this law has been applied shows that it is not aimed at protecting minors, but at removing LGBT people, an enormous social group, from the public space, and at stripping them of their right to speak out or fight for their rights," he said.
|
|
In both cases, part of the explanation for the denial was that the cartels had not explicitly named the "particular social group" identified by the asylum officer as the reason they were targeting the migrant — something that, again, officers say they are usually trusted to identify themselves.
|
|
An applicant for asylum or withholding of removal seeking relief based on "membership in a particular social group" must establish that the group is: (1) composed of members who share a common immutable characteristic; (223) defined with particularity; and (3) socially distinct within the society in question.
|
|
Technically speaking, Sessions's June ruling was just a denial of asylum to a specific Central American domestic violence survivor, which overturned an Obama-era precedent that said that Guatemalan women afraid to leave their domestic partners did not constitute a "particular social group" under asylum law.
|
|
Beyond process-based cases, the attorney general has also directed referral in a case presenting a substantive issue of asylum law, "whether, and under what circumstances, being a victim of private criminal activity constitutes a cognizable 'particular social group' for purposes of an application for" relief.
|
|
When people were told that the anti-ban candidate was lying about a study documenting the link between alcohol and sexual assault, they were more likely to rate the candidate highly on a measure of "authenticity" if they were the member of the same social group.
|
|
Interestingly, the data showed that every age group and social group saw excess deaths, but that the risk of death was 45% higher for people living in poorer areas, and older males in particular also saw a continuously elevated risk of death during the study period.
|
|
The act changed the definition of refugee to a person with a "well-founded fear of persecution on account of race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion" — and in that way, conformed United States law to United Nations conventions and protocols.
|
|
Ordinarily, to be eligible for refugee status or asylum, an alien must be outside of his country and afraid to return to it because of a well-founded fear of persecution on account of race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion.
|
|
Then the officer writes up a legal analysis that considers whether the interviewee is describing persecution (of a specific ethnicity, nationality, political opinion, religion, or "particular social group") or torture, and how likely it is that they'd face such persecution or torture if returned to their home country.
|
|
The federal indictment comes after local prosecutors said they were unable to file hate crime enhancements against Covington because Utah law only allows them to upgrade the class of some misdemeanor charges when the perpetrator targets someone because of their membership in a certain social group or race.
|
|
The couple went on to form a social group they called Aradia as an excuse to meet other lesbians; it grew to become an informal network of women across the Midwest, who communicated through newsletters and drove hundreds of miles to meet at concerts, gallery openings and other events.
|
|
It's not enough to be scared of one's home country; asylum seekers have to prove they are in a special category of fleeing persecution, which includes being part of a "particular social group" that has a reason to fear persecution and whose government can't or won't adequately protect them.
|
|
The applicant need only assert persecution or a well-founded fear of future persecution in their homeland by the government (or a non-governmental actor that the government is unwilling or unable to control) based on race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion.
|
|
The biggest hurdle for the migrants is convincing an immigration judge that they belong to a particular social group — gay, transgender or a child soldier, for example — that could entitle them to asylum, since they cannot argue that they face persecution based on race, religion, nationality or political opinion.
|
|
Closely tied into the Northern Virginia tech world—his friends were busy founding a company called America Online—Warner helmed a venture capital fund and was a key figure in an elite social group known as Capital Investors, which brought together the area's tech leaders for monthly startup pitches.
|
|
If Sessions decides that victims of crime cannot qualify as a "particular social group," hypothetically, it could mean foreign domestic violence victims are not able to seek protections from their abusive spouses in the US. Sessions has alarmed advocates by referring himself two asylum cases in the past week.
|
|
The New York City Social Group on group events website Meetup is the largest in the world with 16,772 members who meet up in person for geeky, free events like a "Game of Thrones" trivia night and Badass Board Game Battle, where members play board games all night.
|
|
In other versions of this basic experiment, dictators share more after they meet the recipient in person, or when the recipient belongs to their social group, or when the recipient demonstrates real need, or when they expect to meet and interact with the recipient again in the future.
|
|
On March 7, Sessions announced that he was commandeering one such case — "the Matter of A-B-" — in order to, as he explained in a one-page declaration, consider "whether being a victim of private criminal activity" constitutes being part of a persecuted "particular social group" for purposes of granting asylum.
|
|
He remanded the case to the immigration judge for further proceedings consistent with this opinion, reiterating that an applicant for asylum on account of membership in a particular social group must demonstrate: The Board decisions applying asylum to domestic abuse victims may be morally correct, but they are legally indefensible.
|
|
"After reaching outside their social group for support, students are able to understand themselves more holistically rather than being so focused on what they felt they lacked in just one area," Jeff Bednar, assistant professor of organizational behavior and human resources at Brigham Young University, said in a press release.
|
|
And thanks to the platform's anonymity, there are no real-world consequences for bad behavior on Twitter the way there would be if those same hateful things were said in a public place — like in a community setting such as your local church or social group, or in your workplace.
|
|
To qualify for asylum, applicants must prove a well-founded fear of persecution based on race, religion, nationality, political opinion or membership in a particular social group, which is broadly considered to include people who share a common characteristic that endangers them, with no likelihood of protection from the government.
|
|
To qualify for asylum, I told her, you must fear returning to your country because you have faced or will face persecution on account of your identity, meaning race, religion, nationality, political opinion, or membership in a particular social group—not just because everyone in the country is facing violence.
|
|
The projection of subliminally-perceived personal failings onto an othered social group, the conviction that this group has infiltrated the upper echelons of society to promote its own agenda, the belief that members of the movement have "taken the red pill" and perceived a reality that normal members of society cannot see.
|
|
Similarly, individuals in unique financial situations, who earn money in a special way or belong to a specific social group may have considered consulting not only one of the nation's 1003,000 or so financial advisors but one who specializes in a particular demographic niche, be it professional, social, religious or even hobby-related.
|
|
The Board of Immigration Appeals in 2016 said AB was part of a particular social group, a requirement of US asylum law, and qualified for asylum because she was part of a class of "Salvadoran women who are unable to leave their domestic relationships where they have children in common" with their partners.
|
|
"Instead, the Board accepted the concessions by the Department of Homeland Security ('DHS') that the respondent suffered harm rising to the level of past persecution, that she was a member of a qualifying particular social group, and that her membership in that group was a central reason for her persecution," Sessions said.
|
|
Matheson and Reith, the DG, had already been at odds for a long time because Matheson would bring in speakers from the Bloomsbury Group—the social group made up of writers, artists, and intellectuals who all lived and worked near Bloomsbury, London—who were considered amoral to a man like Sir John Reith.
|
|
In a later case, "Matter of A-R-C-G-", the Board abandoned the reasoning from the R-A- analysis and held that depending on the facts and evidence in an individual case, "married women in Guatemala who are unable to leave their relationship" can constitute a particular social group for asylum purposes.
|
|
" The Immigration and Nationality Act says that anyone who arrives in the US "whether or not at a designated port of arrival" may apply for asylum if he or she has a "well-founded fear of persecution on account of race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group or political opinion.
|
|
His appeal is felt by film nerds, casual movie watchers, artists, designers, students, photographers, butchers, bakers, candlestick-makers—OK the last couple might be pushing it, but the point is that his reach and influence are felt across a broad range of disciplines, social group,s and cultures, sub, counter-, or otherwise.
|
|
In the San Francisco court, Gutierrez's lawyers argued that she qualified for asylum because as a leader of the parent-teacher association, she was at risk for her political opinion – her stand against gangs – and for belonging to a particular social group of Hondurans opposed to gang violence and recruitment in schools.
|
|
They can't all have been happy with their candidate, but a partial answer can be found in a study published last month, "One Tribe to Bind Them All: How Our Social Group Attachments Strengthen Partisanship," by Lilliana Mason and Julie Wronski, political scientists at the University of Maryland and the University of Mississippi.
|
|
The basic idea is that if someone fears for their safety in their own country because they belong to a particular political, racial, religious, or social group, they can escape danger and seek safety in another, where they can declare themselves to authorities and go through a formal process to become legal residents.
|
|
"After reaching outside their social group for support, students are able to understand themselves more holistically rather than being so focused on what they felt they lacked in just one area," Jeff Bednar, study author and assistant professor of organizational behavior and human resources at Brigham Young University, said in a press release.
|
|
She further noted that Fitbit users can customize all their health and fitness goals, including the 10,000 steps goal — although the wider point there is that having a default goal creates an expectation and risks setting up a de facto standard across a social group, regardless of whether individuals can customize their own goals.
|
|
As callous as it may sound, the fact is asylum seekers fleeing starvation in a locust-ravaged country aren't going to be able to establish that swarms of locusts are ravaging their crops and pastures to persecute them on account of their race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinions.
|
|
CBP has maintained that Mexicans were exempt from metering, likely because federal law and international treaties prohibit sending asylum seekers back to places where their "life or freedom would be threatened" on account of their race, religion, nationality, political opinions, or membership in a "particular social group," such as a tribe or ethnic group.
|
|
It's perfectly legal for someone without papers to go to a US port of entry and seek asylum by showing they meet the legal definition: that they would be the victims of persecution based on their race, nationality, religion, political views, or membership in a targeted social group if returned to their home country.
|
|
DHS said it was rolling out the policy in compliance with domestic and international legal obligations, noting that no one would be forced to return to Mexico under the policy if they would more likely than not be persecuted on account of their race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion or would face torture.
|
|
In order to be granted asylum, a migrant must establish that he or she is unable or unwilling to return to their origin country because they have "suffered past persecution or has a well-founded fear of future persecution on account of 'race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion,' " according to the ruling.
|
|
In order to qualify for asylum, applicants like Jose must be residing outside their home country, prove a well-founded fear of persecution based on at least one of five protected grounds (race, religion, nationality, political opinion or membership in a particular social group), and demonstrate an inability or unwillingness by their country to protect them.
|
|
The Board of Immigration Appeals found in 2016 that the woman in the case — named A-B-, for her initials — was part of what the asylum system refers to as a "particular social group" because women in El Salvador are often unable to leave violent relationships and their government has not been able to protect them.
|
|
Many of the questions that frazzle new parents and guilt-trip mothers, such as whether the child will be damaged if sent to day care while the mother works outside the home, are essentially meaningless, Ms. Harris suggested, because being in day care or having the mother at home is less important than the child's genes and social group.
|
|
"In general, in light of the above standards, claims based on membership in a putative particular social group defined by the members' vulnerability to harm of domestic violence or gang violence committed by non-government actors will not establish the basis for asylum, refugee status, or a credible or reasonable fear of persecution," the memo reads.
|
|
Of the 211 people the government considered to be part of the caravan, 26, or 93%, passed what's known as a credible fear interview, where immigration officers determine whether an asylum applicant has a well-founded fear that they will be tortured or persecuted in their home country because of their race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion.
|
|
In order to pass their credible fear interviews and move ahead in the process, immigrants need to show a "significant possibility" that they will be able to convince an immigration judge they've been persecuted or have a well-founded fear of persecution on account of their "race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion" if they return home.
|
|
Where the woman is then severely mistreated because of her membership in a Particular Social Group related to these cultural norms (which may include groups beyond those litigated in Matter of A-B- and Matter of A-R-C-G-), and is unable to obtain protection in her home country, she meets the requirements for protection in the United States.
|
|
"Our nation's immigration laws provide for asylum to be granted to individuals who have been persecuted, or who have a well-founded fear of persecution, on account of their membership in a 'particular social group,' but most victims of personal crimes do not fit this definition -- no matter how vile and reprehensible the crime perpetrated against them," a Justice Department spokesman said.
|
|
So a lot of US asylum law has been dedicated to figuring out what, exactly, counts as a particular social group — and how to define it so that it encompasses groups that are persecuted in similar ways to religious or ethnic minorities, without being so broad that it makes "persecution" refer to any personal vendetta an immigrant might be leaving behind.
|
|
Over the course of the modern period, as the rural and urban middle classes emerged as an increasingly powerful social group between the aristocracy and the peasants and workers, they began to challenge the powers and privileges of the old, entrenched authoritarian elites, fighting for the protection of private property, freedom of speech, constitutional rights and democratic participation, and the rule of law.
|
|
A study released in June that surveyed nearly 300 students two days before the 2016 election, on election night, and two days after, found that students who were concerned about Trump's ability to govern and those who were a part of the "non-dominant social group," including women and people of color, showed increased signs of stress before and during election night.
|
|
The only specific change the memo mandates to asylum policy is for officers to stop citing a past Board of Immigration Appeals precedent, Matter of A-R-C-G-, which found that "married women in Guatemala who are unable to leave their relationship" constituted a particular social group — allowing some domestic violence victims to claim asylum based on their persecution as members of that group.
|
|
Cities that limit access to public space or encourage citizens to isolate themselves in cars and homes are arguably the unhappiest: A 2011 study by Erika Sandow, professor of geography and economic history at Umeå University, showed people who live in car-dependent cities generally are less likely to join a social group or participate in politics, and more likely to divorce as commute times increase.
|
|
Generally, if the asylum officer determines that she has a "credible fear" of persecution (in other words, that there's a significant possibility she'd be persecuted if deported based on her race, nationality, religion, political opinion, or membership in a particular social group), she is allowed to go before an immigration judge in the same court process that unauthorized immigrants arrested while living in the US are entitled to.
|
|
Sessions found that the Board decided A-R-C-G-'s case without performing the rigorous analysis required by Board precedents by basing its decision on concessions from the DHS attorney that the respondent had suffered past persecution, that she was a member of a qualifying particular social group, and that her membership in that group was a central reason for her persecution instead of adjudicating these issues.
|
|
In a ruling on Monday, Attorney General Jeff Sessions said that immigration judges should not necessarily consider claims of domestic abuse or gang violence as a basis for asylum claims, absent other evidence that someone has suffered persecution as a member of a social group protected by law — a move that establishes a major new roadblock for thousands of Central Americans trying to seek refuge in the United States.
|
|
For example, if a neural network that authorises loans cannot explain why it gives certain people certain scores that seem biased against one social group or another, it may be impossible to determine whether its operators had arranged this intentionally (which would be an offence in most jurisdictions), or whether lazy coding by its designers had led to accidental bias (which would probably be a matter for the civil courts rather than the criminal ones).
|
|
To qualify for asylum in the United States a victim of domestic violence often must show that she is a member of what's known as a Particular Social Group, which is widely considered a group that can be clearly defined (particularity), recognized as a distinct group within the society in question (social distinction), and which the asylum seeker cannot leave or should not be required to leave because membership is fundamental to her identity (immutability).
|
|
The right to apply for asylum does not apply to an alien who may be removed from the United States pursuant to a bilateral or multilateral agreement to a country where: (1) His life or freedom will not be threatened on account of race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion, and (2) He will have access to a full and fair procedure for determining a claim to asylum or equivalent temporary protection.
|
|
The 1951 Geneva Convention defines a refugee as anyone who has"a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion, is outside the country of his nationality and is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country..."Almost three-quarters of a century later, that legal definition still theoretically underlies US policy toward refugees, but this country has always welcomed some refugees and not others.
|
|
Related: This Black American Wants Refugee Status in Canada Because of Police Brutality But the IRB has found Canty doesn't have a well-founded fear of persecution under UN grounds — race, nationality, religion, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion — in the US. The board's Ron Yamauchi wrote in his decision that Canty's deportation back to the US wouldn't "subject him personally to a risk to his life or to a risk of cruel and unusual treatment or punishment," and that there were no substantial grounds to believe he'd be subjected to torture.
|
|