The Levenshtein distance between "kitten" and "sitting" is 3. A minimal edit script that transforms the former into the latter is: # kitten → sitten (substitute "s" for "k") # sitten → sittin (substitute "i" for "e") # sittin → sitting (insert "g" at the end) LCS distance (insertions and deletions only) gives a different distance and minimal edit script: # kitten → itten (delete "k" at 0) # itten → sitten (insert "s" at 0) # sitten → sittn (delete "e" at 4) # sittn → sittin (insert "i" at 4) # sittin → sitting (insert "g" at 6) for a total cost/distance of 5 operations.
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Bretschneider composed, besides satirical writings, Almanach der Heiligen auf das Jahr, 1788, Wallers Leben und Sitten, and the comic epic, Graf Esau.
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Aquamaster-Rauma To Deliver Second Set Of Azimuthing Thrusters For Finnish Icebreaker Program. Maritime Reporter, August 1992. Page 22. Kauhanen, E. Jäät päreiksi, sitten kesätöihin .
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Zhou Daguan, The Customs of Cambodia, transl. by Michael Smithies, Bangkok: The Siam Society, 2001.Zhou Daguan, Sitten in Kambodscha. Leben und Alltag in Angkor im 13.
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Aquamaster-Rauma To Deliver Second Set Of Azimuthing Thrusters For Finnish Icebreaker Program. Maritime Reporter, August 1992. Page 22. Retrieved 22 October 2011Kauhanen, E. Jäät päreiksi, sitten kesätöihin .
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According to legend, metal particles from this original bell of Sitten were used in the casting of later bells. Theodulhorn and Theodul Glacier are in turn named for Theodul Pass.
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Jahrhundert, Phnom Penh: Indochina Books, 6th edition 2010.Chou Ta-Kuan: Sitten in Kambodscha. Über das Leben in Angkor im 13. Jahrhundert. Keller und Yamada, Frankfurt: Angkor Verlag, 2nd edition 2006. .
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Saint Theodore of Octodurum (also of Sion, of Grammont; German Theodor von Sitten, locally Joder; also known as Theodulus, French Théodule, Latin Theodolus Sedunensis etc.; 4th century) is the first known bishop of Octodurum, Alpes Poeninae province (present-day Martigny, Valais, Switzerland). He is the patron saint of Valais and of the Walser. His feast day is 16 or 26 August."Theodor (Teodul) von Sitten" in: Johann Evangelist Stadler (ed.), Stadlers Vollständiges Heiligen-Lexikon (1858-1882).
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Edit distance matrix for two words using cost of substitution as 1 and cost of deletion or insertion as 0.5. For example, the Levenshtein distance between "kitten" and "sitting" is 3, since the following three edits change one into the other, and there is no way to do it with fewer than three edits: # kitten → sitten (substitution of "s" for "k") # sitten → sittin (substitution of "i" for "e") # sittin → sitting (insertion of "g" at the end).
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Especially important for Vainio had been the song Kauan sitten ("Long Ago") which he had recorded in the early 1970s. Vainio's most important collaborator during his last years was producer Jaakko Salo.
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Untersuchungen zu einer hermeneutischen Logik, p. 62. See also Die menschliche Natur, p. 56. Lipps's term "Grundlegung" is rendered here in parallel to English translations of Kant's "Grundlegung zur Metaphysik der Sitten". In philosophy I become conscious of myself.
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Kant, Immanuel. (original 1785.) Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals. Grundlegung zur Metaphysik der Sitten. (in German) Criminal law is no longer considered a purely retributive undertaking; deterrence figures prominently in the justification of the practice and in the rules themselves.
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Stubb is seen as a representative of the National Coalition Party's liberal wing.Tutkija Stubbin valinnasta: Parikymmentä vuotta sitten tuskin olisi mennyt näin, YLE 16 June 2014, accessed 3 October 2014.Näkökulma: Nyt halutaan fantastinen pääministeri, Ilta-Sanomat 14 June 2014, accessed 3 October 2014.
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Saint Guarinus of Sitten (German: Warin, ) was Bishop of Sion. Guarinus was born in Pont-à-Mousson, Lotharingia, around 1065, into a noble family. In about 1085 he became a monk at the Benedictine monastery of Molesme Abbey. In 1094, together with a group of brothers, he founded a daughter house of Molesme, Aulps Abbey in Savoy.
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A year earlier the bishop assigned the office of salterus to the citizenry. So by the mid 16th century, the city enjoyed a nearly total autonomy. In the 16th century, due to a strong immigration from the German-speaking Upper Valais, Sion/Sitten became almost totally German speaking. The town council minutes were written in Latin until 1540, when they changed to German.
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In 1989 Seppänen opposed merging the Communist Party into the new Left Alliance (Vasemmistoliitto), criticizing the procedure as undemocratic."20 vuotta sitten: Kentän paine ratkaisi", in Kansan Uutiset Nevertheless, Esko Seppänen worked in the leadership of the new party until 2001.Vasemmisto.fi Seppänen has a bachelor's degree in business studies (1971). He worked as journalist at Yleisradio in 1970–1987.
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Thomas, Jacques and Chris, all about sixteen years, are best friends. They live in the Dutch bulb-growing region, where villages, fields and meadows lean against the dunes and beach. Their lives are like so many rural youth, but a dramatic accident changed everything. When the three of them are sitten on the tractor, Jacques falls below it, while Thomas steers the wheel.
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The album, considered as their best studio recording of all time, produced many hit songs for the band, including Vuonna '85 and Kitara, taivas ja tähdet. These two songs are still heavily played in Finnish radio stations. Also the songs Voi kuinka me sinua kaivataan, Elämän tarkoitus and Vihreän joen rannalla (kauan sitten) became hit songs. The album was certified for double platinum in 1995.
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His own contributions to this periodical were numerous and important. His chief work was Das Leben der Seele (Berlin, 1855-1857; 3rd ed., 1883). Other philosophical works were: Ueber den Ursprung der Sitten (1860 and 1867), Ueber die Ideen in der Geschichte (1865 and 1872); Zur Lehre von den Sinnestäuschungen (1867); Ideale Fragen (1875 and 1885), Erziehung und Geschichte (1881); Unser Standpunkt (1881); Ueber die Reize des Spiels (1883).
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235–262, p. 238: “kritische Analyse”. Dorschel objects both to Kant’s claim that “a free will and a will under moral laws are one and the same thing” (“ein freier Wille und ein Wille unter sittlichen Gesetzen einerlei”)Immanuel Kant, Grundlegung zur Metaphysik der Sitten AB 98. and to Hegel’s doctrine that “freedom of the will is rendered real as law” (“die Freiheit des Willens als Gesetz verwirklicht”).
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However, § 826 BGB (and the similar Austrian § 1295(2) ABGB) compare closely to delict. Under this provision, someone who intentionally inflicts harm on another person contra bonos mores (gegen die gute Sitten) is liable for damages. This widens the scope of delictual liability not just to the infringement of rights (as in French law) but also to pure economic loss (echter/reiner Vermögensschaden).Cees van Dam, European Tort Law, 2nd edn.
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These establishments charge an "all-you-can handle" fee of about €75 to €90. Before the 2002 prostitution law, the highest courts of Germany repeatedly ruled that sex work offends good moral order (verstößt gegen die guten Sitten), with several legal consequences. Any contract that is considered immoral is null and void, so a sex worker could not sue for payment. Sex workers working out of their apartments could lose their leases.
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Giovanni Piccolomini Giovanni Piccolomini (1475–1537) was an Italian papal legate and cardinal. He was a nephew of Pope Pius III. He was made Archbishop of Siena in 1503, Bishop of Sitten in 1522, Bishop of Aquila in 1523, Bishop of Albano in 1524, Bishop of Palestrina in 1531, Bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina in 1533, Bishop of Ostia in 1535. He was made Dean of the College of Cardinals in October 1534.
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W. H. Walsh, 'Herbert James Paton', Proceedings of the British Academy, 1970, London : Oxford University Press, 1972, pp.294, 297. His works of Kantian commentary included Kant's Metaphysics of Experience (1936), The Categorical Imperative (1947), and The Moral Law (a translation of Kant's Grundlegung zur Metaphysik der Sitten [Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals], 1785] (1947). Paton delivered the Gifford Lectures at the University of St Andrews, 1949–50; the lectures were published as The Modern Predicament (1955).
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Karl Gottlob von Anton, Erste Linien eines Versuches über der alten Slawen Ursprung, Sitten, Gebräuche, Meinungen und Kenntnisse, t. 1, Böhme, 1783, p. 52 (in German) Completely independently of this, however, Anton mentions Schleifberg and its Slavic name Praschwiza in another part of his work. Seven years later, in the Lausizisches Wochenblatt, the mountain Czernebog is mentioned for the first time, also here as an undefined mountain near Wuißke and with an obvious reference to Anton's writing.
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Aulph Abbey was founded at the very end of the 11th century by monks from Molesme Abbey in Burgundy, including the eventual second abbot of Aulph Guarinus of Sitten, later Saint Guarinus.patron saint of cattle Its name derives from the Latin word alpibus which means "mountain pastures". Aulph was affiliated to the Cistercian Order in 1136. After the death of Guarinus the abbey became a place of pilgrimage on account of his relics, which were held here.
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Charles Oser (17 February 1902 in Sion, Switzerland – 29 March 1994) was a Swiss politician from the Free Democratic Party of Switzerland (FDP). Though born in Sitten/Sion, Oser originated from a bourgeois francophone family from Basel . He studied at Lausanne before pursuing legal studies at the Universities of Lausanne and Bern, obtaining his doctorate in 1927. He was employed at the Federal Chancellery and the Senate in 1928 as secretary- translator, later becoming Vice-Chancellor in 1944.
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Griechische Sitten und Gebrauche auf Cypern, Berlin 1913 The Myceneans (c1500 BC) believed that any god could cause a disease. Apollo and Artemis could shoot arrows to cause diseases, whereas other gods could cause ageing. They believed that Thymos was the life force present in all living organisms, Psyche was the soul, and the heart was where consciousness was located. They knew that the heart is a beating organ, and that the throat carried food to the stomach.
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Alamannia itself had a diocese only in the east, at Augsburg (early 7th century). There were two Roman bishoprics, Windisch and Octodurum, which were moved early to other sites (Avenches and Sitten respectively). Western Alamannia did eventually (7th century) receive a diocese (Constance) through the cooperation of the bishops of Chur and the Merovingian monarchs. The foundation of Constance is obscure, though it was the largest diocese in Germany throughout the Merovingian and early Carolingian era.
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In 2005, the 20th Anniversary Edition of the album was released. It included the album itself, and also the remastered version of their 1985 VHS release Video, taivas ja tähdet and previously unreleased version of the track Vihreän joen rannalla (kauan sitten). All lyrics of the album are made by Martti Syrjä, the lead singer of the band, and all tracks are composed by his brother, guitarist Mikko "Pantse" Syrjä, except the track Yöjuttu, which is composed by the band's second guitarist, Juha Torvinen.
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In 1895 Lazarus, after the death of his first wife, married the widow Nahida Ruth Remy, who under his influence had embraced Judaism. During his last years Lazarus lived a retired life in Meran. Among his shorter philosophical and historical writings may be mentioned: "Ueber den Ursprung der Sitten," 1860; "Ueber die Ideen in der Geschichte," 1861; "Zur Lehre von den Sinneserscheinungen," 1867; "Ein Psychologischer Blick in Unsere Zeit," 1872; "Ideale Fragen," 1878; "Erziehung und Geschichte," 1881; and "Ueber die Reize des Spiels," 1883.
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At a later period it was called Forum Claudii Vallensium Octodurensium, as an inscription shows. An episcopal see was established here in the 4th century (in the 6th century moved to Sion) (Sitten), making the Roman Catholic Diocese of Sion the oldest bishopric in what is now Switzerland. The first historically attested bishop of Octodurus was Theodore/Theodolus (died in 391), who was present at the Council of Aquileia in 381. A restored Roman amphitheatre, temples, citizen living quarters, and thermal baths can be seen in Martigny today.
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Without counting subsidiary summits of Mont Blanc and Monte Rosa. The Dom is the main summit of the Mischabel group (German: Mischabelhörner), which is the highest massif lying entirely in Switzerland. The Dom is noteworthy for its 'normal route' of ascent having the greatest vertical height gain of all the alpine 4000 metre peaks, and none of that route's 3,100 metres of height can be achieved using mechanical means. Although Dom is a German cognate for 'dome', it can also mean 'cathedral' and the mountain is named after Canon Berchtold of Sitten cathedral, the first person to survey the vicinity.
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Its existence witnessed by documentary proof from the 10th century, Würgassen likely already existed in Charlemagne's time. In 1698, the stately home (Schloss) was completed. Although the local folklore holds that the village's name came about from the story in which "Charlemagne had the Würgassen dwellers strangled in the lanes for reverting to heathen customs", or in German, "Karl der Große hat die Würgasser wegen eines Rückfalles in heidnische Sitten in den Gassen erwürgen lassen", this is certainly untrue. Rather, the village's original name was Wirrigsen, more closely akin to the terms Wirura (the Weser) and Gisen (bubble up).
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Up to his thirteenth year, Roh spoke only French, so that he had to learn German from a German priest in the vicinity before he was able to begin his gymnasial studies in the boarding-school kept by the Jesuits at Brig in Switzerland. He later became a day-pupil at the gymnasium kept by the Jesuits at Sitten. While there, he resolved to enter the Society of Jesus (1829); strange to say the external means of bringing him to this decision was the reading of Pascal's pamphlet Monita Secreta. He taught the lower gymnasial classes at the lyceum at Fribourg.
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Michael Willis (2009), The Archaeology of Hindu Ritual, Cambridge University Press, , pages 96–112, 123–143, 168–172Paul Thieme (1984), "Indische Wörter und Sitten," in Kleine Schriften (Wiesbaden), Vol. 2, pages 343–370 Christopher John Fuller states that an image in Hinduism cannot be equated with a deity and the object of worship is the divine whose power is inside the image, and the image is not the object of worship itself, Hindus believe everything is worthy of worship as it contains divine energy emanating from the one god.The Camphor Flame: Popular Hinduism and society in India, p. 60 at Books.Google.
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Medaillon of Monument dedicated to Edmond de la Fontaine (alias Dicks) by Nina Grach-Jascinsky (1966), place named "Dicksgärtchen", Vianden, Luxembourg. Edmond de la Fontaine (24 July 1823 – 24 June 1891), better known by his pen name of Dicks, was a Luxembourgian jurist, poet, and lyricist, known for his work in the Luxembourgish language. He is considered the national poet of Luxembourg, and along with Michel Lentz and Michel Rodange, one of the most important figures in the history of Luxembourgian literature. In addition, his Luxemburger Sitten und Bräuche was one of the most influential early ethnographies on the Luxembourgian people.
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On 9 April 2009 the 18-year-old defender left Lille to sign a five-year deal with Sion until 2014.Wallis: FC Sitten verpflichtet Bigambo Rochat However, his stay would last less than two years as he returned to his former club Lausanne-Sport, joining them 25 September 2010, though he was released at the end of the season. In July 2011, Bigambo Rochat signed a contract for Swiss team Neuchâtel Xamax. At the end of the season, he moved on to Yverdon-Sport FC in July 2012 following Xamax's financial troubles and relegation to the fifth tier.
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He was born in Mühlebach (in what is now the Swiss canton of Valais), the son of the farmer and carpenter Peter Schiner and Katharina Zmitweg; his uncle Nicholas Schiner, later Bishop of Sion (Sitten), gave him his early instruction. He embraced the ecclesiastical career, and eventually became parish priest of Aernen (1496), and canon and dean of the cathedral of Sion. When his uncle resigned, he was made Bishop of Sion (20 September 1499). Schinner's diplomatic skill and his influence on the allied Swiss Confederacy made him the right hand of Pope Julius II and Pope Leo X in their efforts to unite Italy and expel the French.
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1998, S. 14, 18 f.Translated from the original ("Judica" was Passion Sunday,the 5th Sunday of Lent): War im März gen Judica / wiederum der Frühling nah, kam – zu ehren alte Sitten – / der Herr Kurfürst selbst geritten auf die Neudeck ob der Au / zum Paulaner-Klosterbau. Dort empfing den Landesvater / Barnabas, der Bräuhausfrater, ihm beglückt und freudeglänzend / einen Humpen Bier kredenzend mit dem Gruß, der bis zur Stunde / sich erhielt im Volkesmunde: „Salve, pater patriae! / Bibas, princeps optime!“ When in March nigh Passion Sunday / springtime once again was near, rode – to honour an old custom – / he himself, our Lord Elector up to Neudeck ob der Au, / Paulaner brewery was his goal.
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He tells of his studies and his literary work in a letter to Bishop Hugo of Sitten (998–1017), and we also know of his activities through texts from his pupil Ekkehard IV. The Necrologium sancti Galli recorded his death under June 28, 1022, as "Obitus Notkeri doctissimi atque benignissimi magistri". He died stricken by the plague. For the benefit of his pupils he translated several texts from Latin into German. He mentions eleven of these translations, but unfortunately only five are preserved: (1) Boethius, "De consolatione philosophiae"; (2) Martianus Capella, "De nuptiis Philologiae et Mercurii"; (3) Aristotle, "De categoriis"; (4) Aristotle, "De interpretatione"; (5) "The Psalter".
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Around 1690, the deputy headmaster of the grammar school in Bautzen, master Martin Grünewald, wrote a brief historical description of Upper Lusatia, in which he mentioned the cult of the god Chernebog and the remains of altars on various mountains near Bautzen, but without mentioning the names of specific mountains.Johann Christian Gotthelf Budaeus: Singularia historico- literaria lusatica, oder historische und gelehrte auch andere Merckwürdigkeiten derer beyden Marggrafthümer Ober- und Nieder-Lausitz..., 9, p. 228–269 and 11, p. 697–730, 1736 (in German) Karl Gottlob von Anton describes a mountain named "after Chernebog" "near Wuißke" in Erste Linien eines Versuchs über der Alten Slaven Ursprung, Sitten, Gebräuche, Meinungen und Kenntnisse (Leipzig, 1783).
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Under the kings Conrad I and Rudolph III, royal power weakened while local nobles, such as the counts of Burgundy, gained prominence. After the early death of Emperor Henry III, his widow Agnes of Poitou acted as regent for his young son Henry IV. She made Rudolf von Rheinfelden duke of Swabia and also conferred on him the regal powers over Burgundy. However, when Rudolf was elected anti-king, Henry IV in 1079 stripped him of his powers and delegated them to the Prince-bishops of Lausanne and Sitten. When William III, Count of Burgundy was assassinated in February 1127, Lothar III supported the claims of William's uncle Duke Conrad of Zähringen, grandson of Rudolf von Rheinfeld, to the countship, and conferred on him the regal powers over Burgundy.
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A plea was brought before the Council of Frankfort (794) against the decision of Leo I that had been confirmed by Popes Symmachus and Gregory the Great. Leo III partly acceded to this plea, and made Darantasia a metropolis with three suffragans, Aosta, Sitten (Sion in French), and Maurienne, but maintained the primacy of Vienne. For four centuries this primacy was the cause of conflicts between the archbishops of Tarentaise and those of Vienne; subsequently Maurienne was again attached to the metropolis of Vienne. The city of Darantasia was destroyed by the Saracens in the tenth century, whereupon the archbishops moved their residence to the right bank of the Isére, calling it their moutier (monastery), and it was at this place that the town of Moutiers began to be built in the second half of the tenth century.
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On 2 September 2009, Sion signed the French forward from Real Sociedad.Wallis: Rober Antonio Servìn und Giovanni Sio neu beim FC Sitten On January 2012, he joined VfL Wolfsburg for a fee reported as €5 million, signing a four-year deal, keeping him until 2016. He was sent to FC Augsburg on 10 July 2012 on loan, until the end of the 2012–13 campaign.Giovanni Sio verstärkt den FCA The loan was ended prematurely on 31 January 2013. On 16 August 2013, it was announced that Sio had joined Basel on a four-year contract. At the end of the 2013–14 Super League season, he won the league championship with Basel. They also reached the final of the 2013–14 Swiss Cup, but were beaten 2–0 by Zürich after extra time. During the 2013–14 Champions League season, Basel reached the group stage and finished the group in third position.
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Translated versions include "Hankien Joulu" recorded by Georg Malmstén, "Kauan Sitten Beetlehem" recorded by Petri Laaksonen (fi), "Marian Poika" by Tarja Turunen, "Varje människa har ett ljus" recorded by Jan Malmsjö,Information på Svensk mediedatabas "...und Frieden für die Welt" by Rolf Zuckowski, "Maria's Kind" by La Esterella, "Bethlehem" by Rob de Nijs, "Det hände sig för länge sen" recorded by Kikki Danielsson on her 1987 Christmas album Min barndoms jular,Information at Svensk mediedatabas "Det hände sig för länge sen" recorded by Stefan Borsch on his 1981 Christmas album I kväll jag tänder ett ljus,Information at Svensk mediedatabas "Himlens hemlighet" recorded by Tommy Körberg and "Du är som en sommardag" by dance band Schytts. The Schytts version was in the Swedish chart Svensktoppen for 10 weeks in 1979, where it peaked at No. 1.Svensktoppen - 1979 "Ang Batang Hesus" by mayor_junneil (Filipino). The Sinhala translation is "Kalakata Pera e Bethleheme" Sinhala: "කලකට පෙර ඒ බෙත්ලෙහෙමේ".
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Haupt wrote a statement of purpose in the first issue in which he set out the journal's range: "the literature, language, customs, legal history [and] belief of German antiquity"."die literatur, die sprache, die sitten, die rechtsalterthümer, der glauben der deutschen vorzeit": cited in Kurt Ruh, "Zum hundertsten Jahrgang der Zeitschrift für deutsches Altertum und deutsche Literatur", Zeitschrift für deutsches Altertum und deutsche Literatur 100 (1971) 1-3, p. 1 The major focus from the beginning was publishing editions of Old and Middle High German works, which were presented for the most part for an academic readership, without explanatory material.Uwe Meves, "Die Entstehung und frühe Entwicklung der Germanischen Philologie", in History of the language sciences: an international handbook on the evolution of the study of language from the beginning to the present/Geschichte der Sprachwissenschaften: ein internationales Handbuch zur Entwicklung der Sprachforschung von den Anfängen bis zur Gegenwart/Histoire des sciences du langage: manuel international sur l'évolution de l'étude du langage des origines à nos jours, ed.
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Inspired by Jacob Grimm, particularly his Deutsche Mythologie, beginning in 1854, Schönwerth researched the lives of the people of the Upper Palatinate."Schönwerth: Lebenslauf" , Town of Amberg, 17 April 2008 . His wife, Maria Margaretha Rath, was like him a native of the region and was able to provide him with much information about its folklore and traditions. He also drew on the knowledge of the family's housekeeper and her acquaintances in Munich, and showed an unusual ability to draw information from informants without prying, and in exchange for no more than coffee and cigars. From 1854 he also sent out a standardised questionnaire. In 1857-59 he published some of his observations in a 3-volume work titled Aus der Oberpfalz --Sitten und Sagen (From the Upper Palatinate--Customs and Legends). In 1860 and 1861 he went on personal folklore collecting expeditions in the region, but most of that material remained unpublished at his death. Schönwerth recorded legends, fairytales, comic stories, children's games, nursery rhymes, children's songs and proverbs.
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In Hindu temples, various pujas may be performed daily at various times of the day; in other temples, it may be occasional.Puja, Encyclopædia Britannica (2011)Hiro G. Badlani (2008), Hinduism: A path of ancient wisdom, , pages 315-318 The Puja practice is structured as an act of welcoming, hosting, honoring the deity of one's choice as one's honored guest,Paul Thieme (1984), "Indische Wörter und Sitten," in Kleine Schriften, Vol. 2, pages 343–370 and remembering the spiritual and emotional significance the deity represents the devotee.James Lochtefeld (2002), Puja in The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Volume 2, Rosen Publishing, , pages 529–530 Jan Gonda, as well as Diana L. Eck, states that a typical Puja involves one or more of 16 steps (Shodasha Upachara) traceable to ancient times: the deity is invited as a guest, the devotee hosts and takes care of the deity as an honored guest, praise (hymns) with Dhupa or Aarti along with food (Naivedhya) is offered to the deity, after an expression of love and respect the host takes leave, and with affection expresses good bye to the deity.
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Many vicissitudes followed, and the territorial limit of the powers of Metropolitan of Vienne followed the wavering frontier of the Kingdom of Burgundy and in 779, was considerably restricted by the organization of a new ecclesiastical province comprising Tarantaise, Aosta (in Italy) and Sitten (or Sion in French; in Switzerland). In 1120 Calixtus II, who had been Bishop of Vienne, decided that the Archbishop of Vienne should have for suffragans the Bishop of Grenoble, Bishop of Valence, Bishop of Die, Bishop of Viviers, Bishop of Geneva, and Bishop of Maurienne; that the Archbishop of Tarantaise should obey him, notwithstanding the fact that this archbishop himself had suffragans, that he should exercise the primacy over the province of Bourges, province of Narbonne, province of Bordeaux, province of Aix, province of Auch and province of Embrun, and that, as the metropolitans of both provinces already bore the title of primate, the Archbishop of Vienne should be known as the "Primate of Primates". In 1023 the Archbishops of Vienne became secular lords paramount.
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In Nürnberg in 1654 a German version appeared anonymously under the title, Vertheidigung der Kunstliebenden und Gelehrten anstandigere Sitten, The translator, Count Georg Adam von Kuefstein (1605-1656) in his preface signs himself Der Kunstliebende, his moniker as a member of the prestigious language academy, the Fruitbearing Society (Fruchtbringende Gesellschaft) under whose name and auspices the book was issued. On this interesting group patterned on the Tuscan Accademia della Crusca and its members and history There is a frontispiece title engraving with a shielded angel "ratio" defending "Vertheidigung" the writer "eruditio". Underneath the book on the writing table there is a scroll which surreptitiously spells out the author's name as "D. BAR/TOLI". After the title page come the translator's preface and 11 poetical compositions by other Gesellschaft members including the Nurenberger Georg Philipp Harsdörffer, Der Spielende, Sigmund von Birken who oversaw the preparation of the book, Wolf Heimhardt von Hohberg Der Sinnreiche, Cambyse Bianchi del Piano, Der Seltene, from Bologna, who collaborated with Kufstein on the translation, Johan Wilhelm von Stuhlenberg, Der Ungluckselige, Erasmus der Junger von Strahlemberg, Der Liedende, Christoff Dietrick von Schallenberg, Der Schallende and Harsdörffer's son, Carl Gottfried.
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