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"sinistral" Definitions
  1. of, relating to, or inclined to the left: such as
  2. LEFT-HANDED
  3. having the whorls coiling counterclockwise down the spire when viewed with the apex toward the observer and having the aperture situated on the left of the axis when held with the spire uppermost and with the aperture opening toward the observer— compare DEXTRAL sense b

291 Sentences With "sinistral"

How to use sinistral in a sentence? Find typical usage patterns (collocations)/phrases/context for "sinistral" and check conjugation/comparative form for "sinistral". Mastering all the usages of "sinistral" from sentence examples published by news publications.

Two snail suitors in Ipswich, England, and Mallorca, Spain, also sinistral mutants, will soon have the chance to copulate with Jeremy.
In their marrow, they've always been slightly sinistral, a trio of jazz obsessives and the bookish son of a music teacher.
He's also a lefty, or "sinistral mutant," which means that unlike other members of his species, Jeremy's shell spirals in a counterclockwise direction.
Even if the two aren't compatible (though it's unbecoming to be so picky in a situation like this) there's a third sinistral snail that may be a potential match.
Dr. Davison is now leaning toward a genetic cause for the snail's sinistral (lefty) disposition, because some found close to one another could be siblings, but confirmation lies in future generations of Jeremy's offspring.
Those of us who remained sinistral — a loaded term — and struggled with cursive handwriting in school, having to twist our cramped hands one way or another to write imperfectly, know that cursive is intrinsically discriminatory.
In a snail, that's a bit more serious a condition than in humans, however: left-handed, or sinistral, snails not only have shells that twist the other way — counter-clockwise — but all their organs are on the opposite side of their bodies as well.
The University of Nottingham's Angus Davison related the plight of young Jeremy in October, spawning the hashtag #snaillove and, for some reason or another, capturing the hearts and minds of the UK. As #snaillove broadened its reach, it eventually found Jade Sanchez Melton, member of the Conchological Society of Great Britain and Ireland and owner of Lefty, a rare — you guessed it — sinistral garden snail.
Whole body inversion is observed as chiral (dextral, sinistral) coiling in gastropods. While dextral coiling is the most common as it appears in 90-99% of living species, sinistral species still have arisen many times.
Gastropods undergo spiral cleavage, a feature commonly seen in lophotrochozoans. As the embryo divides, quartets of cells are oriented at angles to each other. In the snail Lymnaea stagnalis, the direction of rotation during the first cell division signals whether the adult will show dextral or sinistral coiling, At the third cleavage (8-cell stage), spindles in dextral snails are inclined clockwise whereas they are counterclockwise in sinistral snails. Furthermore, injecting L. peregra sinistral eggs with the cytoplasm of dextral eggs before the second polar body formation will reverse the polarity of the sinistral embryos.
The shell grows to a length of 8 mm. Its whorls are sinistral.
Predation by pareids on dextral (clockwise-coiled or "right handed") snails is thought to favor the evolution of sinistral (counter-clockwise or "left handed") snails in southeast Asia, where 12% of snail species are sinistral (as opposed to 5% worldwide).
The latter species has a smooth, valvatiform, dextrally coiled teleoconch and a sinistral, anastrophic protoconch.
The latter species has a smooth, valvatiform, dextrally coiled teleoconch and a sinistral, anastrophic protoconch.
Lanistes has a unique anatomy among the Ampullariidae: it has a "hyperstrophic" sinistral shell. This means that the body of the snail is dextral (as in all other ampullariids), but the shell appears to be sinistral. However the sinistral appearance stems from the fact that the rotation of the shell as it grows is in an upward direction rather than the usual downward direction."Shell". The apple snail website, accessed 16 May 2011.
The closest relative of Ayna is probably Clausilioides. A. mienisi is a chirally enantiomorphic species. This means that some specimens have sinistral (left-coiled), others dextral (right-coiled) shells. The sinistral and dextral specimens form "clear" populations but can by found sympatrically as well.
The size of the shell attains 13 mm. It has a characteristic sinistral coiling of the shell.
Gasteropod shells may be sinistral or dextral, according as the whorls turn to the left or right.
In scientific usage a dextral (, right) shell has the opening on the right, when viewed with the spire . The opposite is sinistral (, left). This is consistent with the terms for right-handed screws in engineering and physics. Most species of sea snail are dextral, though some are naturally sinistral.
There are 22 species in the genus. 17 species have a dextral shell and 5 species are sinistral.
Medium-sized sinistral shell with black outer lip, yellow spiral band at base and red stripe around the umbilicus.
The apex is sinistral. The aperture is subquadrangular. The outer lip is not continuous. The columella is straight, without plications.
Camptoceras is a genus of air-breathing freshwater snails with sinistral shells, aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Planorbidae.
The connection has been distorted by a sinistral shear fault, which has displaced the point of connection by ~350 km.
Amphidromus sekincauensis is a species of sinistral or dextral air-breathing tree snail, an arboreal gastropod mollusk in the family Camaenidae.
The shell of species in the genus Bulinus is sinistral. It has a very large body whorl and a small spire.
Kinematic indicators for main phase deformation fabrics consistently demonstrate a sinistral sense of displacement with a minor southeasterly component of downthrow.
Within a normally-dextral species, rare individuals may develop sinistral coiling. In religious usage, the (sacred conch shell) is displayed spire . In this orientation, a common dextral shell has its opening on the left (), and rare sinistral shell has the opening on the right (). For Sanskrit , the Hindi pronunciation is usually written in Latin script as .
The continuing sinistral slip of the Indochina block resulted in thermal subsidence of Yinggehai Basin during 21-16 Ma after the end of active strike slip faulting. Within this period, the sinistral strike-slip continuedLeloup, Philippe Hervé, et al. "The Ailao Shan-Red River shear zone (Yunnan, China), Tertiary transform boundary of Indochina." Tectonophysics 251.1 (1995): 3-84.
Aplexa is a genus of small, left-handed or sinistral, air-breathing freshwater snails, aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Physidae.
The shell of this species, like all planorbids is sinistral in coiling, but is carried upside down and thus appears to be dextral.
The shell of A. bicarinata can reach a length of . This giant shell is always sinistral or reverse-coiled (hence the synonym A. sinistrorsa).
In a few cases, both left- and right-handed coiling are found in the same population. Sinistral mutants of normally dextral species and dextral mutants of normally sinistral species are rare but well documented occurrences among land snails in general. Populations or species with normally mixed coiling are much rarer, and, so far as is known, are confined, with one exception, to a few genera of arboreal tropical snails. Besides Amphidromus, the Cuban Liguus vittatus (Swainson), Haitian Liguus virgineus (Linnaeus) (family Orthalicidae), some Hawaiian Partulina and many Hawaiian Achatinella (family Achatinellidae), as well as several species of Pacific islands Partula (family Partulidae), are known to have mixed dextral-sinistral populations.
Ridged, as the whorls in some snails. Sigmoid. Shaped like the letter S. Siliceous. Made up of silex. Sinistral. Having the aperture on the left side.
The sinistral slip of the Indochina block caused pull-apart extension of the Yinggehai Basin, as well as the rapid clockwise rotation during 36 - 21 Ma.
Bulinus truncatus is a species of air-breathing freshwater snail with a sinistral shell, an aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails.
Bulinus nasutus is a species of tropical freshwater snail with a sinistral shell, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Planorbidae, the ramshorn snails and their allies.
The spire is moderately acute. The seven whorls are slowly increasing in size. The first one is sinistral and globose. The rest are subangulate in the middle.
Camptoceras hirasei is a species of air-breathing freshwater snails with sinistral shells, aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Planorbidae. This species is endemic to Japan.
Culmenella rezvoji is a species of air-breathing freshwater snail with sinistral shell, aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Planorbidae. This species is endemic to Japan.
In conclusion, the geological characteristics of the South China Sea cannot be explained by a pull-apart model involving a releasing bend of a sinistral strike-slip fault.
Some gastropod shells, like those of Partula can coil in sinistral and dextral directions such as these, Neptunea angulata (left) and N. despecta (right) shells. Partula suturalis is polymorphic for shell chirality in that it has two forms: sinistral (left-handed) and dextral (right-handed) shells, unlike other monomorphic species on the island of Mo'orea which have only one form (with the exception of P. otaheitana). This polymorphic trait has a direct effect on mate choice and mating behavior; as shown in laboratory mating tests that opposite-coil pairs mate much less often. In areas where P. suturalis lives sympatrically with other sinistral and dextral Partula species, the opposite P. suturalis morph is typically present.
Lentorbis is a genus of air-breathing freshwater snails, aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails. All species within family Planorbidae have sinistral shells.
Kessneria is a genus of air-breathing freshwater snails, aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails. All species within family Planorbidae have sinistral shells.
However, the Quaternary movement is believed to be sinistral. Before Miocene time, most of the faults of northern and western Colombia probably had dextral movement.Paris et al., 2000a, p.
Physella gyrina, common name the "tadpole physa", is a species of small, left- handed or sinistral, air-breathing freshwater snail, an aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Physidae.
Dyakia salangana is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Dyakiidae. The shell of this species is sinistral (left-handed) in coiling.
The sinistral specimens were described as a species (Ramusculus laevitortus Schütt, 1995) differs from the dextral Ramusculus mienisi. The species inhabits a relatively small area in Erzurum Province, northeastern Turkey.
Planorbella is a genus of freshwater air-breathing snails, aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails, or planorbids, which all have sinistral, or left-coiling, shells.
Euhadra decorata is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Bradybaenidae. This species is found in Japan. The shell of this species is sinistral.
Ariophanta is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Ariophantidae. The shell is sinistral or left-handed in its coiling. A shell of Ariophanta laevipes.
Medium-sized sinistral shell with black outer lip and black or brown axial stripes. According to the original description, the shell has orange subsutural, while specimens with scarlet subsutural are also recorded.
The eastern part of Tajikistan (the Pamir Mountains) lies within the complex zone of collision between the Indian Plate and the Eurasian Plate. The dominant structures in this area are a combination of thrust faults and sinistral (left lateral) strike-slip faults. The Sarez–Karakul fault zone is a major SW–NE trending sinistral strike-slip fault that extends from south of Sarez Lake to north of Karakul lake. The 1911 earthquake is thought to have been caused by movement on this structure.
The length of the shell attains 27 mm, its diameter 7.6 mm. (Original description) The sinistral shell is thin, elongated and slender. It contains 10-11 whorls. Its color is light, pinkish -brown, without bands.
Separate records for sinistral (left- handed) shells and obviously rostrate cowries (family Cypraeidae) are also included. Terrestrial and freshwater species, as well as fossils (of extant taxa or otherwise), are not covered by the registry.
Bulinus jousseaumei is a species of tropical freshwater snail, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Planorbidae, the ramshorn snails and their allies. Like other planorbids, the shell of the species is sinistral in coiling.
The teleoconch is dextrally coiled, but the larval shells are sinistral. This results in a sinistrally coiled protoconch. The columella has usually one, but sometimes several, spiral folds. The aperture is closed by an operculum.
Proceeding Davenport Academy of Natural Sciences, volume VI. 173-178. They may have believed the sinistral nature of the lightning whelk shell made it a sacred object. The lightning whelk is the State Shell of Texas.
The sinistral or dextral shell is imperforate, conic-oblong and solid. The shell has 6 whorls. The spire is slightly convexly-conic and the apex subacute. The suture is margined and the whorls are slightly convex.
Physella parkeri, the Broadshoulder Physa, is a species of small air-breathing freshwater snail. It is an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Physidae. Like others in the family, this species is sinistral or left-handed.
Amerianna carinata is a species of freshwater air-breathing snails, aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails, or planorbids. Like all other planorbids it has a sinistral or left-coiling shell.
Planorbis corinna is a species of minute, air-breathing freshwater snail, an aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusk, or micromollusk in the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails, or planorbids. All planorbids have sinistral or left-coiling shells.
Physa fontinalis, common name the common bladder snail, is a species of air- breathing freshwater snail, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Physidae. The shells of species in the genus Physa are left-handed or sinistral.
The adult shell, the teleoconch is dextrally coiled, but the larval shells are sinistral. This results in a sinistrally coiled protoconch. The opening of the shell, the aperture is closed by a lid, a so called operculum.
Euhadra murayamai is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Bradybaenidae. This species is endemic to Japan. shell of Euhadra murayamai. In this species, the gastropod shell is sinistral.
The earthquake was recorded as 6.8 by ANSS and 6.9 by PHIVOLCS. The maximum felt intensity was given as VII MMI on the ANSS ShakeMap and VII PEIS in the PHIVOLCS summary for this event. The focal mechanism indicates strike-slip faulting with either sinistral movement on a NW-SE trending fault or dextral movement on a SW-NE trending fault, but the distribution of the aftershocks are consistent with the sinistral fault plane. The earthquake may be the result of movement on the Tangbulan Fault, according to PHIVOLCS.
When a strike-slip fault is offset along strike such as to create a gap i.e. a left-stepping bend on a sinistral fault, a zone of extension or transtension is generated. Such bends are known as releasing bends or extensional stepovers and often form pull-apart basins or rhombochasms. Examples of active pull-apart basins include the Dead Sea, formed at a left- stepping offset of the sinistral sense Dead Sea Transform system, and the Sea of Marmara, formed at a right-stepping offset on the dextral sense North Anatolian Fault system.
A contractional duplex that has developed at the bend/stepover along a strike-slip fault. 5830 m high Altun Shan mountains formed at a restraining bend on the sinistral Altyn Tagh fault A fault bend, or fault stepover, forms when individual segments of the fault overlap and link together. The type of structures which form along the strike-slip fault depend on the sense of slip relative to the sense of stepping. When a sinistral fault steps to the right or a dextral fault steps to the left, a restraining bend is formed.
Bulinus transversalis is a species of small air-breathing freshwater snail with a sinistral shell, an aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Planorbidae, the ramshorn snails and their allies. This species is found in Kenya and Uganda.
It was formed during the Pan-African orogeny when "North" and "South" Gondwana were amalgamated along the Kuunga orogeny zone between 580 Ma and 480 Ma. The date of around 550 Ma for the Mwembeshi shear zone is based on U-Pb zircon ages of syntectonic granites from the Hook massif and of associated hypabyssal rhyolite. During the amalgamation there was sinistral transpression along the boundary between the Kalahari craton and the Congo and Tanzanian cratons (which had already amalgamated), which is now expressed as the Mwembeshi Shear Zone. The sinistral sense shows that, in modern coordinates, the Congo-Sao Francisco Craton approached the remainder of southwestern Gondwana from the north, although at the time southwestern Gondwana was oriented about 90 degrees clockwise of today's orientation, and the Congo Craton approached from the east. There was little vertical displacement, but Mwembeshi is a major sinistral transcurrent shear zone.
The Cherchen Fault lies within the Tarim Basin and runs parallel to the Altyn Tagh Fault. It is a steep structure that shows no significant vertical offsets in the Tarim Basin and is suspected to be another sinistral strike-slip fault.
The shells of triphorids are small (between 2 mm and 10 mm - exceptionally 50 mm) and extremely high-spired, with numerous narrow whorls which often have distinctive sculpture. The majority of species in this family are left-handed or sinistral.
The dextral or sinistral shell is ovate-conic, and colored glossy yellow, green, olive or chestnut; often banded with green or chestnut. The shell has 6 whorls. The color pattern is extremely variable. The height of the shell is 19.0 mm.
Bulinus barthi is a species of small tropical freshwater snail with a sinistral shell, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Planorbidae, the ramshorn snails and their allies. This species is found in Kenya and Tanzania; its natural habitat is swamps.
The color of the shell is typically a buff gray to light tan. The shell aperture is located on the right side, i.e. the shell of this species is almost always dextral in coiling. Left-handed or sinistral specimens occur rarely.
Cirridae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Porcellioidea (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005). These snails date from the Mesozoic era, and are sinistral in their shell-coiling.
Macrogastra rolphii, known as Rolph’s door snail, is a species of air- breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails. The shell of this species is sinistral, or left-handed, in its coiling.
R. flumineus holds itself in a stationary position on a rock in fast-flowing water by means of a "sucker" formed from its two ventral fins. The mouth is slightly asymmetric; dextral fish tend to curve their bodies to the right as they rest while sinistral fish tend to adopt a left-curving posture. The fish are omnivorous, picking edible items of food off the river bed with the side of the mouth, but dextral and sinistral fish have no preference for which side of the mouth they use for this purpose. The breeding season is from June to August.
The formation of the Altyn Tagh fault has been variously dated as Eocene, mid-Oligocene, and Miocene. There is also evidence that the present fault follows a precursor structure, also a zone of sinistral strike-slip, that dates back to the latest Permian.
Planorboidea is a superfamily of air-breathing freshwater snails, aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusks. All of the gastropods in this superfamily are sinistral in shell coiling. The monophyly of Planorboidea was confirmed by Albrecht et al. (2007).Albrecht C., Kuhn K. & Streit B. (2007).
The lightning whelk, scientific name Sinistrofulgur perversum,J. Wise, M. G. Harasewych, R. T. Dillon Jr. (2004). Population divergence in the sinistral whelks of North America, with special reference to the east Florida ecotone (PDF; 673 kB). Marine Biology 145, pp. 1167–1179.
During the Early Cretaceous and again in the Cenozoic, the area was uplifted and eroded. The Great Glen Fault was reactivated after the early Cretaceous, probably in sinistral sense by analogy with the connected Walls Boundary Fault, although the exact timing is unknown.
Bulinus camerunensis is a species of small air-breathing freshwater snail with a sinistral shell, an aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Planorbidae, the ramshorn snails and their allies. This species is endemic to Lake Barombi Koto and Lake Debundsha in Cameroon.
Ceratophallus socotrensis is a species of freshwater air-breathing snails, aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails, or planorbids. The snails in this species have sinistral or left- coiling shells. This species is endemic to Socotra, Yemen.
Miratesta is a genus of freshwater air-breathing snails, aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails, or planorbids. All species in this genus have sinistral or left-coiling shells. Miratesta is the type genus of the tribe Miratestini.
Left: The normally sinistral (left-handed) shell of Neptunea angulata, a species of sea snail (now extinct) found mainly in the Northern Hemisphere. Right: The normally dextral (right-handed) shell of Neptunea despecta, a similar species found mainly in the Southern Hemisphere.
Schistosity is developed parallel to the axial plane of the folds. Prehnite-pumpellyite facies to mid-amphibolite facies have been produced by metamorphism. Movement was concentrated in shear belts such as at St Cast. The movement on the belts was sinistral and horizontal.
Bulinus wrighti is a species of small tropical air-breathing freshwater snail with a sinistral shell, an aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Planorbidae, the ramshorn snails and their allies.Brown D. S. (1994). Freshwater Snails of Africa and their Medical Importance. Taylor & Francis. .
Jeremy was an example of a rare sinistral snail in a species which normally has right-handed shell-coiling. However, in some other species of snail, the counterclockwise shell-coiling is quite common, and in a few cases counterclockwise shell coiling is the normal direction.
The Urrao Fault () is a sinistral oblique strike-slip fault in the department of Antioquia in northwestern Colombia. The fault has a total length of and runs along an average north to south strike of 003.6 ± 1 in the Western Ranges of the Colombian Andes.
Sibirenauta is a genus of left-handed or sinistral, air-breathing freshwater snails, aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Physidae. The scientific name Sibirenauta is composed from the word Siberia, where its species live and from the Latin word nauta, that means "sailor".
A NW-SE trending sinistral shear belt separates northern and southern crustal terranes. The Ampanihy ductile shear zone was created by flattening events associated with granulite metamorphism, isoclinal folding, flattened sheaths, steep to vertical foliations and sheath-like geometry of massif-type anorthosite bodies.
818 It has been suggested that these two realms are dominated by respectively Nazca and Caribbean Plate subduction.Yarce et al., 2014, p.57 The compressional stress regime caused the formation of the oblique sinistral Bucaramanga-Santa Marta Fault and dextral Oca and Boconó Faults.
Achatinella rosea Swainson, 1828 is a variety of Achatinella bulimoides. Its sinistral shell is a pale, rose color, with two obsolete white bands. The shell has 6⅓ whorls. The margin of the lip and columella are of a deeper rose-color, and the aperture white.
The shell is minute, smooth, yellowish white, with about five whorls beside the minute, rounded, sinistral and with half-immersed nucleus. The spire is moderately elevated and pointed. The sculpture is of fine regular impressed lines, parallel with the incremental striae. The suture is distinct.
Major fault zones around the Tibetan Plateau showing location of the Altyn Tagh Fault The Altyn Tagh Fault (ATF) is a >1200 km long, active, sinistral (left lateral) strike-slip fault that forms the northwestern boundary of the Tibetan Plateau with the Tarim Basin. It is one of the major sinistral strike- slip structures that together help to accommodate the eastward motion of this zone of thickened crust, relative to the Eurasian Plate. A total displacement of about ~475 km has been estimated for this fault zone since the middle Oligocene, although the amount of displacement, age of initiation and slip rate are disputed.
Relative direction is from the point of view of the observer; a completely symmetrical object has a left side and a right side, from the observer's point of view, if the top and bottom and direction of observation are defined. Chirality, however, is observer-independent: no matter how one looks at a right-hand screw thread, it remains different from a left-hand screw thread. Therefore, a symmetrical object has sinistral and dextral directions arbitrarily defined by the position of the observer, while an asymmetrical object that shows chirality may have sinistral and dextral directions defined by characteristics of the object, regardless of the position of the observer.
After its uplift, the chain experienced intense erosion and isostatic readjustments. A cross-section through the chain shows an asymmetric flower-like structure with steeper dips on the French side. The Pyrenees are not solely the result of compressional forces, but also show an important sinistral shearing.
Afanador, 2009, p.38 The northern boundary of the pull-apart basin is formed by the roughly northwest–southeast-trending Macuira Fault, with an extension of about . The sinistral oblique fault has a displacement of about and uplifted the northeastern Serranía de Macuira.Rodríguez & Londoño, 2002, p.
Ceratophallus is a genus of freshwater air-breathing snails, aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails, or planorbids. All species in this genus have sinistral or left-coiling shells. Snails in this genus are found in Africa and some Indian Ocean islands.
The rough sinistral (eastern range) or smooth dextral (western range) shell is conically-elongate, solid, slightly rounded, and margined above. The shell has six whorls. The aperture is elongately-ovate and the lip is subreflected. The columella is short, obliquely twisted and has an expanded callus.
The imitation (Lightning Whelks) mostly come from Florida and the Gulf of Mexico. This imitation is also known as African Valampuri. Other than busyconid species, few other species showing presence of folds in the cavity are wrongly mentioned as Dakshinavarti. These species though sinistral are different species.
Euhadra quaesita, common name, the sought-after false hadra, is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Bradybaenidae. This species is found in Japan. A shell of Euhadra quaesita. This species is unusual in that its shell is sinistral.
They have triangular snouts with a single, sinistral and lateral spiracle. The tail fin is transparent and pointed with moderately developed musculature. Slight pigmentation is visible on the skin of tail muscles and tail fins. The height of the dorsal fin is greater than the ventral fin.
Biomphalaria andecola is a species of air-breathing freshwater snail, an aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails. The shell of this species, like all planorbids is sinistral in coiling, but is carried upside down and thus appears to be dextral.
Biomphalaria peregrina is a species of air-breathing freshwater snail, an aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails. The shell of this species, like all planorbids is sinistral in coiling, but is carried upside down and thus appears to be dextral.
The Toro Fault () is a sinistral strike-slip fault in the departments of Valle del Cauca and Risaralda in western Colombia. The fault has a total length of and runs along an average north to south strike of 006.6 ± 8 in the Western Ranges of the Colombian Andes.
Bulinus abyssinicus is a species of tropical freshwater snail with a sinistral shell, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Planorbidae, the ramshorn snails and their allies. The specific name abyssinicus is after Abyssinia, which was the historic name for the Ethiopian Empire, where its type locality is.
The shell of this species is left-handed (sinistral). The shell is depressed, rather thin, obliquely striated and decussated with fine spiral lines above, smooth beneath. The shell color is white or whitish with three spiral chestnut bands. The spire is low and conoidal, with 5 slightly convex whorls.
Boudinaged quartz vein (with strain fringe) showing sinistral shear sense. Starlight Pit, Fortnum Gold Mine, Western Australia. Veins are of prime importance to mineral deposits, because they are the source of mineralisation either in or proximal to the veins. Typical examples include gold lodes, as well as skarn mineralisation.
The shell of these snails has a blunt, heterostrophic protoconch, which is wrapped up. The texture of these shells is sculptured with ribs. Their color is mostly white, brown, cream or yellowish, sometimes with red or brown lines. The teleoconch is dextrally coiled, but the larval shells are sinistral.
The shell of these snails has a blunt, heterostrophic protoconch, which is often wrapped up. The texture of these shells is sculptured in various forms such as ribs and spirals. Their color is mostly white, cream or yellowish. The teleoconch is dextrally coiled, but the larval shells are sinistral.
Miratesta celebensis is a species of freshwater air-breathing snails, aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails, or planorbids. Like all other planorbids it has a sinistral or left-coiling shell. This species is endemic to Indonesia. Its natural habitat is freshwater lakes.
The dextral or sinistral shell is ovate-oblong and subventricose. The shell has 6¼ whorls. The shell is similar in form to Achatinella livida, but the spire is less thickened and more pointed at the apex. The color is whitish with chestnut bands, and the apex is pale brown.
The sinistral shell is ovate, with slightly convex whorls and the suture distinctly margined. The shell has six whorls. The color is glossy white with the last whorl yellowish and ornamented with a median zone and base of brown. The aperture is white and the brown peristome is thick.
The age of the Highland Boundary Fault has been inferred to be between Ordovician to middle Devonian and through several generations it has been interpreted as a graben-bounding normal fault, a major sinistral strike- slip fault, a northwest-dipping reverse fault or terrane boundary. The reason the precise nature of the fault is still unknown is because there is little evidence of a continuous fault plane on the surface. More recently, seismic activities marking the fault line have been analysed to show that the 2003 Aberfoyle earthquake had a hypocentre at depth and was caused by an oblique sinistral strike-slip fault with normal movement. The fault plane was estimated to be dipping at 65° NW.
A simple example is the coiling direction of any climber plant, which can grow to form either a left- or right-handed helix. Shells of two different species of sea snail: on the left is the normally sinistral (left-handed) shell of Neptunea angulata, on the right is the normally dextral (right-handed) shell of Neptunea despecta In anatomy, chirality is found in the imperfect mirror image symmetry of many kinds of animal bodies. Organisms such as gastropods exhibit chirality in their coiled shells, resulting in an asymmetrical appearance. Over 90% of gastropod species have dextral (right-handed) shells in their coiling, but a small minority of species and genera are virtually always sinistral (left- handed).
The Cimitarra Fault () is a sinistral oblique thrust fault in the departments of Antioquia, Bolívar and Santander in central Colombia. The fault has a total length of and runs along an average northeast to southwest strike of 323 ± 3 in the Middle Magdalena Valley and Central Ranges of the Colombian Andes.
The Palestina Fault () is a regional sinistral oblique thrust fault in the departments of Antioquia, Caldas and Bolívar in central Colombia. The fault has a total length of and runs along an average north-northeast to south- southwest strike of 017.8 ± 11 along the Central Ranges of the Colombian Andes.
The Kunlun fault is one of the major sinistral strike-slip structures that accommodate the eastward motion of the Tibetan plateau relative to the Eurasian plate. This motion is caused by the lateral spreading of the zone of thickened crust associated with the collision between the Indian and Eurasian plates.
The dextral or sinistral shell is conically-elongate, solid, plano-convex and margined above with the suture well impressed. The shell has six whorls. The aperture is subovate and the white lip is expanded, unreflected, somewhat contracted in its center and thickened within. The short columella is flat and lightly toothed.
This species, like all planorbids, has a sinistral shell. The shell in this species is very minute, discoidal, with four slowly increasing whorls. The shell coloration is greenish-white to light brown. The width of the shell is up to 3.3 mm, and the height is up to 0.8 mm.
The earthquake was a result of sinistral movement on a NW-SE trending strike-slip fault. Philippine government seismologist Renato Solidum described the quake as "moderately powerful". The National Tsunami Center issues a statement saying no present tsunami threat from the earthquake. Three malls in Davao City reported damage following the earthquake.
The fault zone is characterized by fault scarps, saddles, linear ridges, displaced streams, shutter ridges, and aligned springs. Some topographic features show evidence of sinistral offset. Locally, two fault traces bound a depressed block (pull- apart basin). Based on stratigraphic evidence, dextral movement of about is reported, which probably occurred before Quaternary time.
Biomphalaria havanensis, common name the ghost rams-horn, is a species of air- breathing freshwater snail, an aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails. The shell of this species, like all planorbids is sinistral in coiling, but is carried upside down and thus appears to be dextral.
This image "flipping" results in a normal dextral gastropod appearing to be a rare or abnormal sinistral one. Sinistrality arose independently 19 times among marine gastropods since the start of the Cenozoic.Geerat Vermeij (2002). "The Geography of Evolutionary Opportunity: Hypothesis and Two Cases in Gastropods". Integrative and Comparative Biology 42(5): 9359–40. .
Newcombia cumingi has a sinistral (left-coiling) shell. The shape of the shell is oblong and spindle- shaped. It has five to seven whorls that are coarsely sculptured. It reaches an adult length of approximately and its shell is mottled on shades of brown that blend with the bark of its host plants.
However, after the battle, the fortress begins to collapse, with Maxim and Selan becoming trapped on the other side of a deep chasm that forms when the Sinistral throne room splits apart. Unable to teleport them to safety, Artea and Guy leave the falling island alone, and their trapped allies apparently perish when it crashes into the earth below. Peace reigns for ninety years after the heroes' encounter with the Sinistrals, and the actual game is set nine years after that. The story is told from the perspective of a red-haired boy the player is in charge of naming, and along the way he gets caught up in a struggle to save the world once again from the newly emerged Sinistral army.
This is a prominent linear structure, trending NNE—SSW. However, it is still debated as to what this structure is. Different geologists claim that it is a left-lateral (sinistral) strike-slip fault, a normal fault, a lateral ramp, a monocline due to a blind thrust, or a fault with multiple phases of deformation.
Isidorella is a genus of air-breathing freshwater snails, aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails. All species within family Planorbidae have sinistral shells. Species of Isidorella may appear to be very similar species of Glyptophysa. However, Isidorella may differentiated by their lack of a stylet and an accessory structure.
The Montenegro Fault () is an oblique sinistral strike-slip fault in the department of Quindío in west-central Colombia. The fault is part of the megaregional Romeral Fault System and has a total length of and runs along an average northwest to southeast strike of 025.1 ± 9 in the Central Ranges of the Colombian Andes.
The Bagre Norte Fault () is a sinistral oblique strike-slip fault in the departments of Antioquia and Bolívar in northern Colombia. The fault has a total length of and runs along an average north to south strike of 359 ± 14 along the Central Ranges of the Colombian Andes and the Serranía de San Lucas.
The Xianshuihe fault system lies within the complex zone of continental collision between the Indian Plate and the Eurasian Plate. It forms one of a set of sinistral fault zones that help accommodate the eastward spreading of the Tibetan Plateau. The fault zone defines the northern and eastern edges of the Sichuan-Yunnan block.
This is a diaphanous-related formin gene involved in cytoskeleton formation. Dextral embryos treated with drugs that inhibited formin activity phenocopied the sinistral condition. Concurrent work from Kuroda et al. (2016) identified the same Lsdia2 gene (called Lsdia1 in their study) but failed to reproduce the formin inhibition results in the Davison et al. study.
Ceratophallus kisumiensis is a species of freshwater air-breathing snails, aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails, or planorbids. All species in this genus have sinistral or left- coiling shells. This species is found in Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda. Its natural habitats are freshwater lakes and intermittent freshwater lakes.
These species are distinguished by merged dorsal, caudal and anal fins, the absence of a lateral line and pectoral fins, and the presence of only one pelvic fin. They are sinistral flatfishes, meaning that as adults, their crania are asymmetrical, with both eyes on the left side. The largest species grows to about long.
Lateral view of a shell. The shell of this species is sinistral (left-handed) in its coiling. Differs from Balea perversa in its more slender and yellowish rather than brownish shell. The first whorl increases in diameter more rapidly and the sculpture is more weakly striated (with coarse growth lines rather than distinct riblets).
Skull of Pareas iwasakii Iwasaki's snail-eater snake (Pareas iwasakii) is a snail-eating specialist; even newly hatched individuals feed on snails. It has asymmetric jaws, which facilitates feeding on snails with dextral (clockwise coiled) shells. A consequence of this asymmetry is that this snake is much less adept at preying on sinistral (counterclockwise coiled) snails.
Malacologia, v.25, no.1, pp 241-254 Coiling is dextral, although it appears sinistral, deduced from the position of the channel (presumed to be exhalent) contained in a ridge or keel (a selenizone on what is assumed to be the upper side. This is supported by the operculum of Maclurites, which corresponds to that of dextral gastropods.
Snail-eater in action Skull of Pareas iwasakii Pareas iwasakii is a snail-eating specialist; even newly hatched individuals feed on snails. It has asymmetric jaws, which facilitates feeding on snails with dextral (clockwise coiled) shells. A consequence of this asymmetry is that Pareas iwasakii is much less adept at preying on sinistral (counterclockwise coiled) snails.
The simplified analogue modelling setting of shear deformation. This model is built on two separate horizontal plates. The brownish layers are dry sand, wet clay, and viscous materials, such as silicone or polydimethylsiloxane. Strike-slip tectonics differ from the dominantly vertical crust movements associated with shortening and extension, being dominantly horizontal in character (in relative terms sinistral or dextral).
Dyakiidae is a family of air-breathing land snails terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Dyakioidea (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005). Dyakiidae is the only family in the superfamily Dyakioidea. This family has no subfamilies. Some of the species in this family are sinistral (left-handed) in their shell coiling.
Drawing of the shell of Ariophanta interrupta. The shell of this species is left-handed (sinistral). The shell is flatly convex above, rather coarsely, obliquely, plicately striated and decussated with fine impressed lines, the decussation is sometimes obsolete, more tumid and smoother beneath. The shell color is brownish horny, darker below the periphery, and gradually becoming paler again beneath.
Map of major active fault zones in the Tibetan Plateau The Xianshuihe fault system is a major active sinistral (left-lateral) strike-slip fault zone in southwestern China, at the eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau. It has been responsible for many major earthquakes, and is one of the most seismically active fault zones in this part of China.
These data show that chirality is heritable and maternally deposited in Lymnaea. Several studies have begun to investigate the molecular basis of this inheritance. Nodal and Pitx2 are expressed on different sides of the L. stagnalis embryo depending on its chirality – right for dextral, left for sinistral. Downstream of Nodal, decapentaplegic (dpp), shows the same expression pattern.
Neoplanorbis is a genus of small, freshwater, air-breathing snails. They are aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails. Neoplanorbis is the type genus of the subfamily Neoplanorbinae. The shells of species in this genus appear to be dextral in coiling, but as is the case in all planorbids, the shell is actually sinistral.
Lampedusa melitensis (common name: Maltese door-snail) is a species of small, very elongate, left-handed air-breathing land snail, a sinistral terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails, all of which have a clausilium. This species is endemic to Malta and only known from a single locality on the western coastal cliffs.
The generally slender, bluish-white to milk-white, semitranslucent shell is more or less elongated and has a cylindro-conic shape. The apex is sinistral. The reversed, flattened or projecting protoconch consists of 1½ to 3 whorls that are oblique or tilted from transverse to the axis. The teleoconch contains many planulate or more or less convex whorls.
Iran lies within the complex zone of continental collision between the Arabian Plate and the Eurasian Plate, which extends from the Bitlis-Zagros belt in the south to the Greater Caucasus mountains, the Apsheron-Balkan Sill and the Kopet Dag mountains in the north. The epicentral area is located in the Alborz mountain range, in which oblique north-south shortening is accommodated by a combination of thrusting and sinistral (left-lateral) strike-slip faulting. The main active structure in the Qumis region is the Shahrud fault system, which extends for several hundred km. This zone of overall sinistral strike-slip consists of several fault strands, including the Damghan Fault, Northern Damghan Fault and the Astaneh Fault System, all of which lie within the epicentral area and show evidence of displacement during the Quaternary.
Asymmetric folds within a dextral sense shear zone, Cap de Creus Asymmetric boudins of pegmatite within a dextral sense shear zone, Cap de Creus Shear bands developed in a dextral sense shear zone, Cap de Creus The sense of shear in a shear zone (dextral, sinistral, reverse or normal) can be deduced by macroscopic structures and by a plethora of microtectonic indicators.
The size of an adult shell varies between 9 mm and 32 mm. (Original description) The shell is irregularly clouded with pale brown and white, or of a diffuse very pale brown. The protoconch contains two whorls, the first very small, rounded, obliquely set and partly immersed, arousing on casual inspection the unfounded suspicion that it is sinistral. The apex is sharp.
The Mulato-Getudo or Mulato-Jetudo Fault () is a sinistral oblique thrust fault in the departments of Tolima, Caldas and Antioquia in central Colombia. The fault has a total length of and runs along an average north-northeast to south-southwest strike of 016.7 ± 9 in the Middle Magdalena Valley and along the western foothills of the Central Ranges of the Colombian Andes.
It may also be simply called a "chank" or conch. The more common form of this shell is known as "right-turning" in a religious context, although scientists would call it "dextral". A very rarely encountered form has reverse coiling which is called "left-turning" in a religious context, but is known as "sinistral" or left-coiling in a scientific context.
The village was first referenced in 1258 as "Saffge". Saffig was a fiefdom of Cologne until 1481, when it became a fiefdom of the family von der Leyen. After the annexation of sinistral territory of the Rhine during the French Revolutionary Wars (1794–1815), Saffig was a "Mairie" of France. Saffig has been part of the Pellenz Verbandsgemeinde since 1992.
Range: Bawean Island, Java. This weakly characterized race differs primarily by its intense color, strong color zone, and slight white margin at the suture. Of seventeen shells collected in May, 1954, by Hoogerwerf at Telaga Kastoba, Bawean Island, ten were dextral and seven sinistral. Three lacked a varix, one was grass green in color, three were whitish, and thirteen had yellow ground color.
The earthquake occurred near midday without any warning. The shaking continued for about 20–24 seconds. The mainshock was followed by aftershocks that continued for more than a month. The focal mechanism for the earthquake suggests that it was associated with dominantly reverse movement on a fault plane dipping at 45° to the northwest with a significant sinistral (left lateral) component.
Bulinus nyassanus is a species of small air-breathing freshwater snail with a sinistral shell, an aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Planorbidae, the ramshorn snails and their allies. This species is endemic to Lake Malawi in Africa, where found both in shallow and relatively deep water. Its shell generally reached a size of up to around .Brown D. S. (1994).
Movement is sinistral (left- handed) if the block on the other side of the fault moves to the left, or if straddling the fault the left side moves toward the observer. Movement is dextral (right-handed) if the block on the other side of the fault moves to the right, or if straddling the fault the right side moves toward the observer.
Shell of the lightning whelk, from a specimen in Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden (photo courtesy Biodiversity Heritage Library). triton conch, made of plastic. The true Lakshmi Shank is a rare sinistral Turbinella conch shell from the Indian Ocean, usually from Turbinella pyrum. Other right- turning sea snail shells are often mistakenly sold and worshiped in place of the genuine Shank.
Orthogneiss dated at 525 million years is known to underlie some of the oil wells in northern Tierra del Fuego.Hervé, Francisco; Miller, Hubert; Pimpirev Christo. 2003. Patagonia – Antarctica Connections before Gondwana Break-Up in Antarctica Contributions to Global Earth Sciences. Chapter 5.1 The Magallanes–Fagnano Fault, a sinistral strike slip fault crosses the southern part of the main island from west to east.
Genus Achatinella Swainson, 1828: The dextral or sinistral shell is imperforate or minutely perforate, oblong, ovate or globose-conic; smooth or longitudinally corrugated, with only weak traces of spiral sculpture. Shell color is in spiral bands or streaks in the direction of the growth lines. The lip is simple or thickened within and sometimes slightly expanding. The columella bears a strong callous fold.
The shell has seven or eight whorls; the tip of the shell is obtuse, or not sharply pointed. Like most gastropods, individuals typically have dextral (right-handed) shells, though sinistral (left-handed) shells have been documented. Its slime and epiphragms (temporary structures that prevent water loss) are both green. The appearance of the shell is striking and has been compared to painted porcelain.
The Massif Central is crossed by major fault zones dividing it into several spatial domains. The most important fault line is probably the NNE-SSW-striking Sillon Houiller, a 250 kilometer long normal fault with a strong sinistral wrenching component. The Sillon Houiller separates the nonvolcanic western section from the volcanic central and eastern section. Farther south it becomes the Toulouse fault.
Physa aridi is a fossil species of air-breathing freshwater snail, an extinct aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Physidae. This species has a small, left-handed (or sinistral) shell, as is always the case in this family. Physa aridi dates from the Senonian (Upper Cretaceous) of the Bauru Group, in São Paulo state, Brazil.Simone, L.R.L. & Mezzalira, S. 1994.
Physa mezzalirai is a fossil species of extinct air-breathing freshwater snail, an aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Physidae. This species has a small and left-handed (or sinistral) shell, as is always the case in this family. Physa mezzalirai dates from the Turonian to Santonian- aged Adamantina Formation (Upper Cretaceous Bauru Group), in São Paulo state, Brazil.
The second end-member model, proposed by Tapponnier et al. (2001), uses a micro-plate tectonic model. In this model, localized shearing between coherent lithospheric blocks is proposed to explain the high elevations observed in Tibet. Oblique subduction and large-scale sinistral strike-slip faults leading to eastward extrusion of lithospheric material would be responsible for the growth of Tibet to the east.
The Donegal batholith was formed during the Early Devonian, towards the end of the Caledonian orogeny between about 418 and 397 Ma. It is interpreted to have been intruded along a major SW-NE trending sinistral shear zone. The space to allow the intrusion of such large volumes of granitic magma into the crust is thought to be a result of movement along the shear zone combined with the sinistral strike-slip reactivation of a major SSW-NNE trending fault, running approximately through the centres of the Ardara, Trawenagh Bay, Rosses and Thorr plutons. The chemistry and timing of the granites does not suggest that they are subduction-related. Subduction is thought to have ceased by the end of the Silurian (~419 Ma) and there is no evidence of significant involvement of mid-ocean ridge basalt or asthenosphere sources for the granitic melts.
However, since it keeps the Latin root dexter, which means "right", it ends up conveying the idea of being "right-handed on both sides". This bias is also apparent in the lesser-known antonym "ambisinistrous", which means "left-handed [i.e., clumsy] on both sides". In more technical contexts, "sinistral" may be used in place of "left-handed" and "sinistrality" in place of "left-handedness".
25-33 Later sinistral transtension and lateral extension modified the structure of the belt during the Late Miocene and Pliocene. Extensional deformation on the eastern and western edge of the belt interacted with development of the Vienna and Transcarpathian basin. After the marine regression at the end of Miocene younger marls and turbidites were eroded faster than more competent Jurassic limestones forming distinctly looking klippes.
The Suárez Fault () is a sinistral oblique thrust fault in the department of Santander in northeastern Colombia. The fault has a total length of and runs along an average north-northeast to south-southwest strike of 021.1 ± 8 in the Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes from Barbosa in the south to Bucaramanga in the north, where it connects with the regional Bucaramanga-Santa Marta Fault.
The main tectonic event recorded in the Moine rocks is the Late Silurian Scandian event. The main structures formed are regionally significant thrusts, the Moine Thrust, the Naver Thrust and the Sgurr Beag Thrust. The thrusts that lie structurally above the Moine Thrust Zone have all been folded and deformed in a ductile fashion. The final stages of the Caledonian orogeny involved sinistral strike-slip faulting.
Sinistral tear faults have affected the rock. The Variscan Orogeny left a smaller print on the island, with the intrusion of some dykes, and some folding and jointing that affected the island's rocks including the Rozel Conglomerate. During the Mesozoic and Tertiary, Jersey was part the north-west edge of Armorica. The dykes included a swarm of dolerite dykes, also lamprophyre, feldspar porphyry and aplite.
Sinistral and dextral, in some scientific fields, are the two types of chirality ("handedness") or relative direction. The terms are derived from the Latin words for "left" (sinister) and "right" (dexter). Other disciplines use different terms (such as dextro- and laevo-rotary in chemistry, or clockwise and anticlockwise in physics) or simply use left and right (as in anatomy). Relative direction and chirality are distinct concepts.
Zagreb lies just to the south of the mountain of Medvednica. The northern edge of the mountain is formed by a major southeast–dipping reverse fault that has been active during the Quaternary, the North Medvednica Fault. Earthquakes in this area involve reverse movement on west-southwest–east-northeast trending faults or strike-slip faulting on either northwest–southeast (dextral) or west-southwest–east-northeast (sinistral) faults.
These small snails are quite distinctive, because they have shells that are sinistral, which means that if you hold the shell such that the spire is pointing up, then the aperture is on the left-hand side. The shells of Aplexa species have a long and large aperture, a relatively high and pointed spire, and no operculum. The shells are thin and corneous and rather transparent.
The White Wolf Fault (in red), Southern California The White Wolf Fault is a fault in southern California, located along the northwestern transition of the Tejon Hills and Tehachapi Mountains with the San Joaquin Valley. It is north of the intersection of the San Andreas Fault and the Garlock Fault, and roughly parallel with the latter. It is classed as a reverse (vertical motion) fault with a left lateral (sinistral) component.
The Armenia Fault () is an oblique sinistral strike-slip fault in the department of Quindío in west-central Colombia. The fault is part of the megaregional Romeral Fault System and has a total length of approximately and runs along an average northwest to southeast strike of 023.2 ± 11 in the Central Ranges of the Colombian Andes. The fault shows Holocene activity with a surface rupture produced in 2001.
The coat of arms of the city was adopted in 1954 by the city council. The coat of arms of Saint-Tite is blazoned thus: Greek cross gules a chief azure point, flanked by a toothed wheel segment money dexter and a gear segment sinister gold, containing a skin tight leather gold dextral and sinistral spruce money, overcoming mountains of sand placed on a terrace or charged with a blue river.
The columella is simple, usually ending anteriorly in a slight tooth.Tryon (1889), Manual of Conchology XI, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia The nucleus appears to be either dextral or sinistral indifferently.Dall W. H. 1889. Reports on the results of dredging, under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, in the Gulf of Mexico (1877–78) and in the Caribbean Sea (1879–80), by the U.S. Coast Survey Steamer "Blake", Lieut.
In limpets (gastropods without coiled shells) dpp is expressed symmetrically in Patella vulgata and Nipponacmea fuscoviridis. Additionally, in N. fuscoviridis, dpp has been shown to drive cell proliferation Upstream of Nodal, Lsdia1/2 have been implicated in controlling L. stagnalis chirality. Davison et al. (2016) mapped the “chirality locus” to a 0.4 Mb region and determined that Lsdia2 is the likely candidate for determining dextral or sinistral coiling.
Any Caledonian deformation is unclear but the fault zone was reactivated in the Carboniferous as a NW-throwing normal fault with seismic reflection data showing the formation of a half-graben in its hanging wall. There are no indications of inversion during the Variscan Orogeny, but the fault was reactivated in a normal sense during the Permian and Triassic and again during the Cenozoic with a sinistral strike-slip sense.
Neoplanorbis tantillus is a species of very small air-breathing freshwater snail, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails. This species is endemic to the United States. In 2012, it has been declared extinct by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. The shells of this species appear to be dextral in coiling, but as is the case in all planorbids, the shell is actually sinistral.
Schematic illustration of the two strike-slip fault types. The view is of the Earth's surface from above. In geology, the terms sinistral and dextral refer to the horizontal component of movement of blocks on either side of a fault or the sense of movement within a shear zone. These are terms of relative direction, as the movement of the blocks is described relative to each other when viewed from above.
Shell description: The shell is sinistral, with a very slender spire, with nearly straight sides. The shell has 11–12¾ whorls. The uppermost whorls are moderately convex and separated by an indented suture, the lower ones increasingly more flattened and separated by an increasingly more shallow suture. The shell is yellowish brown, with a white sutural line and many prominent white papillae along the adapical border of the whorls.
When a strike-slip fault is offset along strike such that the resulting bend in the fault hinders easy movement, e.g. a right stepping bend on a sinistral (left-lateral) fault, this will cause local shortening or transpression. Examples include the 'Big Bend' region of the San Andreas fault,Rust, D. 1998. Contractional and extensional structures in the transpressive ‘Big Bend’ of the San Andreas fault, southern California.
Busycon contrarium is a fossil snail species of the busycon whelks in the family Buccinidae. There has been some confusion about the correct taxonomy of this species, which has been confused with the extant species Busycon sinistrum Hollister, 1958, and Busycon perversum (Linnaeus, 1758)J. Wise, M. G. Harasewych, R. T. Dillon Jr. (2004). Population divergence in the sinistral whelks of North America, with special reference to the east Florida ecotone (PDF; 673 kB).
The Toro Fault cuts accreted oceanic rocks of the Western Ranges of the Colombian Andes, close to the Cauca River valley. It is one of the faults of the regional Cauca-Patía Fault System that bounds the eastern side of the Western Ranges along most of the range's length. This well developed fault trace has an eroded fault scarp, degraded triangular facets, and the fronts of spurs show evidence of sinistral deformation.
The earthquake was estimated to have a magnitude of 6.3 . The ISC-GEM catalogue records it as 6.3 . The focal mechanism shows that the earthquake was a result of strike-slip faulting, either sinistral movement on a NW-SE trending fault or dextral movement on a NE-SW trending fault. As the zone of aftershocks was elongated in a NW-SE direction, the NW-SE plane is regarded as the fault responsible.
The westernmost microcontinental ribbon terrane is the King Island element. This not only consists of King Island, but also a strip extending all the way just off shore from the west coast of Tasmania, and north to Phillip Island under Bass Strait. The Barrow River Fault is a major Paleozoic fault. In the section from the west of King Island it has a north-northwest orientation and had a sinistral displacement of 70 km.
The Eastern boundary of the Rocky Cape Block is marked by the Arthur Metamorphic complex in the north, and a fault in the south. These structures dip to the east 30°, and have had sinistral movement at 516 Ma. East of this block is the Burnie Zone. The Pedder Zone lies east, and makes up south and south west Tasmania. The Tyennan Zone is separated from the Pedder Zone by eastward dipping Mt Hobhouse Fault.
Bonanni created the earliest practical illustrated guide for shell collectors, Recreatione dell'occhio e della mente (1681). The two-volume guide was the first treatise devoted entirely to molluscs and included numerous engravings. Bonanni's work is significant for his careful attempts to precisely describe shell morphology. Unfortunately, due to the printing and engraving process, the spirals shown on the shells were reversed from dextral to sinistral, a mirror image problem that later books avoided.
Glyptophysa petiti is a species of small sinistral (left-handed) air-breathing freshwater snail, aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Planorbidae. This species as presently delimited is endemic to New Caledonia. However, it may include taxa found elsewhere, such as G. aliciae of Australia. The New Caledonian population had been previously classified as endangered because it is only known from the type locality, Lac de la Grande Vallée des Kaoris in southern New Caledonia.
The dextral or sinistral shell is imperforate and pyramidal-conic; solid and glossy with an obtuse apex. The shell has 6.5 whorls. Shell color varies, but is typically green and light greenish-yellow in oblique streaks on the last two whorls, with a faint green peripheral band and a dark chestnut band bordering the suture below. The preceding whorl is yellow with a chestnut band and the three embryonic whorls are pinkish gray.
These aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusks are approximately the size of unpopped corn kernels. The largest ones are only about one centimetre long, and like all of the Physidae, the shells are sinistral or coiled left-handed. The snails' diet consists of periphyton. The Banff Springs snail was first identified in 1926 in the nine sulphurous hot springs of Sulphur Mountain in Banff National Park, Alberta, Canada, and has been found nowhere else.
Spirorbis spirorbis is a small (3–4 mm) coiled polychaete that lives attached to seaweeds and eel grass in shallow saltwater. They have a smooth, white, sinistral (left-handed) coiled shell encasing an orange body about 3 mm in length. The tube has a peripheral flange where it attaches to the substrate. The worm has a short abdominal region and a slightly broader thorax terminating in ten stiff tentacles, used to filter food from the water.
The Otú Norte or Otú-Pericos Fault () is an inactive sinistral oblique strike- slip fault in the department of Antioquia in northern Colombia. The fault has a total length of and runs along an average north-northwest to south-southeast strike of 346.4 ± 8, cross-cutting the northern part of the Central Ranges of the Colombian Andes. Together with the parallel Bagre Norte Fault the fault separates the Central Ranges from its northeasternmost continuation, the Serranía de San Lucas.
The Chitagá-Pamplona Fault () is an inactive sinistral oblique thrust fault in the departments of Norte de Santander and Boyacá in northeastern Colombia. The fault has a total length of and runs along an average north to south strike of 355.2 ± 30, but varies in orientation from northwest-southeast in the south to northeast-southwest in the north. The fault cross-cuts the northern part of the Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes and the Catatumbo Basin.
Younger (< 50 Ma) ENE-striking sinistral faults at least locally accommodated 5–10 km of dextral strike slip by vertical axis rotation. The fault sets merge southward to form the Foggy Dew fault zone where mylonites record oblique dextral-normal slip (down-to-E). Slip is bracketed between 65 and 48 Ma; some occurred after 60 Ma and the zone records the regional transition from approximately 65–58 Ma transpression to approximately 57–45 Ma transtension.
Biomphalaria glabrata/Schistosoma mansoni provides a useful model system for investigating the intimate interactions between host and parasite. There is a great deal of information available about this snail, because it has been, and continues to be, under intensive study by many malacologists, parasitologists and other researchers, on account of its medical significance. The shell of this species, like all planorbids, is sinistral in coiling, but it is carried upside down, and thus it appears to be dextral.
The Córdoba-Navarco Fault () is a sinistral strike-slip fault in the department of Quindío in west-central Colombia. The fault has a total length of and runs along an average north-northeast to south-southwest strike of 018.5 ± 4 in the Central Ranges of the Colombian Andes. The fault segment pertaining to the megaregional Romeral Fault System is a set of two faults that are active, causing the major 1999 Armenia earthquake with approximately 1185 fatalities.
They are coiled to resemble a small sinistral pupa. This pupoid shape makes this species peculiar, as most species in Turbonilla have a helicoid or planorboid protoconch. It is situated obliquely upon the spire of the whorls of the teleoconch and extending considerably beyond the lateral outline of this. The 12 whorls of the teleoconch are situated rather high between the sutures, somewhat overhanging (this is particularly true of the earlier volutions), and slightly shouldered at the summit.
The Tien Shan mountains form part of the broad zone of deformation associated with the continuing collision between the Indian Plate and the Eurasian Plate. In the region around Issyk Kul, the tectonic regime is a combination of thrusting and sinistral strike- slip. The lake is formed in a ramp basin bounded to both north and south by opposite verging thrust faults, while the major Chon-Kemin-Chilik strike-slip fault runs along the linear valleys to the north.
Asymmetric shear in basalt, Labouchere mine, Glengarry Basin, Australia. Shear asymmetry is sinistral, pen for scale A shear zone is a tabular to sheetlike, planar or curviplanar zone composed of rocks that are more highly strained than rocks adjacent to the zone. Typically this is a type of fault, but it may be difficult to place a distinct fault plane into the shear zone. Shear zones may form zones of much more intense foliation, deformation, and folding.
Museum specimen of the egg capsules The size of the shell varies between . This species normally has a sinistral (left-handed) shell, thus the scientific name. (When the shell is held with the spiral end up, the opening is on the left side.) The spire is low and the siphonal canal is long. There is a distinct shoulder where the spire meets the body whorl; knobs of small to moderate size are found at the shoulder.
Modern studies have focused on better understanding the evolutionary relationships within the group, as well as solving taxonomic problems. The genus Amphidromus is unusual in that it includes species that have dextral shell-coiling and species that have sinistral shell-coiling. In addition, some species within this genus are particularly notable because their populations simultaneously include individuals with left-handed and right-handed shell-coiling. This is an extremely rare phenomenon, and very interesting to biologists.
Spawns of small eggs are laid as submerged clumps either directly within the water or attached to submerged vegetation. Eggs are black at the animal pole and cream at the vegetal. Tadpole appearance is the same as the Eastern sign-bearing froglet and Common eastern froglet: dark brown in colour, a dextral anal opening, sinistral spiracle, blunt tail, labial papillar row interrupted on anterior and posterior portions, and a labial tooth row pattern of I, 1/1, II.
Biomphalaria straminea is a species of air-breathing freshwater snail, an aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails. This snail is a medically important pest, because an intermediate host for the parasite Schistosoma mansoni and a vector of schistosomiasis. The history of these discoveries was summarized by Paraense (2001). The shell of this species, like all planorbids is sinistral in coiling, but is carried upside down and thus appears to be dextral.
This fault splays off from the Altyn Tagh Fault at the southwestern end of the Altyn Tagh mountains and runs along the edge of the Altyn Tagh range. It is a dominantly sinistral strike-slip structure, with some subsidiary thrusting. It is thought to extend northeastward from the end of the Altyn Tagh based on effects on drainage and bedrock ridges suggesting a linkage with the Cherchen Fault. It may have formed part of the ATF at an early stage in its development.
Volcanism resumed as evidenced by the Late Cretaceous Tutu Formation, consisting of volcaniclastic turbidites, basalt, and andesite. A diabase dike swarm followed and then compressive folding attributed to the Caribbean Plate colliding with the Bahama Platform. The Late Eocene saw the intrusion of Narrows pluton and Virgin Gorda batholith, associated with the Greater Antilles arc magmatism, and more compressive folding associated with the spreading of the Cayman Trough. This spreading is also tied to sinistral strike-slip faulting at 39 Ma.
The aperture (shell mouth) is typically almost as long as the entire shell with some specimens being described as 'almost abalone-shaped'. The species of Bayardella, when adult, often display medium-sized shells that are usually 5-9mm in size. The shells often display heavy spiral ridges on the periostricum, have a deep umbilicus and have a margin to the columellar that is reflected and curved slightly but without a fold. The shells of Bayardella, like other Planorbids, are typically sinistral.
Boudinaged quartz vein (with strain fringe) showing sinistral shear sense, Starlight Pit, Fortnum Gold Mine, Western Australia In geology, shear is the response of a rock to deformation usually by compressive stress and forms particular textures. Shear can be homogeneous or non-homogeneous, and may be pure shear or simple shear. Study of geological shear is related to the study of structural geology, rock microstructure or rock texture and fault mechanics. The process of shearing occurs within brittle, brittle-ductile, and ductile rocks.
The basin is structurally bounded by the Palestina Fault, a dextral strike-slip fault system, in the west and the Bucaramanga-Santa Marta Fault, a sinistral strike-slip system, in the east. The major surface structures of the Middle Magdalena Basin are asymmetric synclines and basement cored anticlines, which formed as a result of thrusting from the Eastern and Central Ranges. The thrusting initiated faulting in the Pre-Mesozoic basement. The faults then pushed through the Jurassic layers to the Cretaceous ductile stratigraphy.
The Cwm Llwyd Fault is a fault in the west of the Black Mountain of South Wales. It runs north, parallel to the A4069 road, for over 4 km from near Brynaman to meet the Carreg Cennen Disturbance near Brest Cwm Llwyd. It moved as a sinistral (left lateral) strike-slip fault during the Variscan Orogeny. Together with the Llwyn Celyn Fault it formed a left-stepping offset that created a pull apart structure, which preserved the Cwm Llwyd Outlier of Namurian rocks.
At the western foothills of the Sierra Nevada there are numerous dikes that have intruded the rocks that range in age from 148-155 Ma. These dikes are proposed to have been formed when the North American plate underwent a change in motion direction so that subduction was no longer occurring in a northeast direction but in the southeast direction. The shear sense along the dikes is a sinistral shear sense which indicates later southeast subduction of the oceanic plate.
Snails in the family Physidae have shells that are sinistral, which means that if the shell is held with the spire pointing up, and the aperture is facing the observer, the aperture is on the left-hand side. The shells of Physella species have a long and large aperture, a pointed spire, and no operculum. The shells are thin and corneous and rather transparent. Drawing of the eggs of Physella gyrina: upper image is the egg-mass showing position of eggs in envelope.
This damage causes impaired performance on object recognition tasks with a variety of visual stimuli, including colours, familiar objects, and new shapes. This performance deficit is not a result of source monitoring errors, and accurate performance on recall tasks indicates that the information has been encoded. Damage to the posterior parietal lobe therefore does not cause global memory retrieval errors, only errors on recognition tasks. Lateral parietal cortex damage (either dextral or sinistral) impairs performance on recognition memory tasks, but does not affect source memories.
The Mwembeshi Shear Zone is a ductile shear zone about 550 million years old that extends ENE-WSW across Zambia. In Zambia, it separates the Lufilian Belt to the northwest from the Zambezi Belt to the southeast. It is associated with a sinistral strike slip movement. The Mwembeshi Shear Zone lies between the Congo craton to the NW and the Kalahari craton to the SE, to the west (in today's orientation) of the Mozambique Belt, which is on the north and east side of the Kalahari Craton.
The island of Rhodes lies on part of the boundary between the Aegean Sea and African plates. The tectonic setting is complex, with a Neogene history that includes periods of thrusting, extension and strike slip. Currently the island is undergoing a counter-clockwise rotation (17°±5° in the last 800,000 years) associated with the south Aegean sinistral strike-slip fault system. The island has also been tilted to the northwest during the Pleistocene, an uplift attributed to a reverse fault lying just to the east of Rhodes.
The Carboneras Fault or Carboneras Fault Zone is major sinistral (left- lateral) strike-slip fault in the Province of Almería, southern Spain. It has a NE–SW trend and forms part of the Eastern Betic Shear Zone. It extends for about 50 km onshore, but is interpreted to continue offshore into the Alboran Sea for at least a further 90 km. It is thought to be seismically active and movement on the offshore part of this fault may have been responsible for the 1522 Almería earthquake.
Symmetry breaking and the evolution of development. Science, 306(5697), 828-833 LR asymmetry is pervasive throughout metazoans and present throughout every major lineage. Notable examples include the large and small claws of the fiddler crab, the left offset of the vertebrate heart, asymmetrical gut coiling in Drosophila melanogaster, and dextral (clockwise) and sinistral (counterclockwise) coiling of gastropods. This asymmetry can be restricted to a specific organ or feature, as in the crab claws, or be expressed throughout the entire body as in snails.
A view from the B5420 near Penmynydd showing the sudden drop of the countryside along the line of the Berw Fault. The Berw Fault is a SW-NE trending fault in North Wales. It forms part of the Menai Strait Fault System, with the Dinorwic Fault and the Aber Dinlle Fault. It has a long history of movement with early ductile fabrics preserved from a sinistral (left lateral) strike-slip sense shear zone active at the end of the Precambrian and into the early Cambrian.
The Gonâve Microplate, showing the location of the Walton fault zone The Walton fault zone is a major active left lateral (sinistral) strike-slip fault, forming part of the southern boundary to the Cayman Trough. It extends from the Mid-Cayman Rise spreading center in the west to Jamaica in the east. It has a total length of about 360 km and is formed of several sub-parallel strands. Together with the Enriquillo-Plantain Garden fault zone it forms the southern boundary of the Gonâve Microplate.
Oahu tree snails, genus Achatinella, form a large genus of colorful, tropical, tree-living, air-breathing, land snails, arboreal pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Achatinellidae. This genus of tree snails is endemic to Hawaii, and all extant species are endangered. They were once abundant and were mentioned extensively in Hawaiian folklore and songs, and their shells were used in lei and other ornaments. Many of these arboreal snails are sinistral or left-handed in their spiral shell coiling, whereas most gastropod shells are dextral.
A very few species (for example Amphidromus perversus) show an equal mixture of dextral and sinistral individuals. In humans, chirality (also referred to as handedness or laterality) is an attribute of humans defined by their unequal distribution of fine motor skill between the left and right hands. An individual who is more dexterous with the right hand is called right-handed, and one who is more skilled with the left is said to be left- handed. Chirality is also seen in the study of facial asymmetry.
Located in central Tibet between the Lhasa (southern block) and Qiangtang (northern block) terranes, it is a discontinuous belt of ophiolites and mélange that is 10–20 km wide, up to 50 km wide in places. The northern part of the fault zone consists of northeast striking sinistral strike-slip faults while the southern part consists of northwest striking right lateral strike- slip faults. These conjugate faults to the north and south of the Bangong intersect with each other along the Bangong-Nujiang suture zone.
Each of the two models makes a different prediction for reactivation along the Bangong suture. The "soft Tibet" model suggests that a series of small multiple faults along the suture zone would occur, due to the ductile nature of the lithosphere. Based on the micro-plate tectonics model, large strike-slip faults with significant displacement should be present. Crustal extrusion (in the form of sinistral strike-slip faults) should also be present and would be caused by oblique subduction at the edges of the suture zone.
Spirorbis corallinae is a very small (1-2 mm) coiled polychaete that lives attached to seaweed in shallow saltwater. It has a smooth, white or semi- translucent, sinistral (left-handed) coiled shell encasing an orange body about 1.5 mm in length. The worm has a short abdominal region and a slightly broader thorax terminating in colourless tentacles, used to filter food from the water. One of the tentacles is slightly larger than the rest and shaped like a saucer, which is used as an operculum.
Buticulotrema thermichthysi is a species of trematodes inhabiting hydrothermal vent fishes (particularly Thermichthys hollisi) in the south eastern Pacific Ocean. It can be distinguished from its family by its symmetrical testicular configuration; its uterus passing between the testes. Furthermore, it can be differentiated from its cogenerate species by its long and strongly muscular oesophagus, that bifurcates dorsally to the posterior part of the animal's ventral sucker; its long and narrow pars prostatica and distal male duct, as well as its sinistral genital pore that can be found at the level of its pharynx.
Reconstruction of paleostress requires large amount of data to attain accuracy, so it is essential to organize the data in comprehensible format prior to any analysis. 1) Fault population geometry shown in a rose diagram :1) Fault Population Geometry Attitude of fault planes and slickensides is plotted on rose diagrams, such that the geometry is visible. This is particularly useful when the sample size is enormous, it provides the full picture of the region of interest. 2) Fault movement: components of normal, reverse, sinistral (left-lateral) and dextral (right-lateral) are resolved.
Benjamin Bley de Brito Neves, Mário da Costa Campos Neto and Reinhardt Adolfo Fuck. 1999. From Rodinia to Western Gondwana: An approach to the Brasiliano-Pan African Cycle and orogenic collage The eastern part of the Uruguayan shield region is crossed by two major shear zones both running roughly in north-south direction the dextral Sarandí del Yí-Piriápolis Shear Zone and the sinistral Sierra Ballena Shear Zone. West of Sarandí del Yí Shear Zone the Río de la Plata Craton is intruded by the Late Paleoproterozoic Florida dyke swarm.
Whole area was again deformed in second phase of orogeny in the Upper Paleogene to Lower Miocene when sinistral transpression and amalgamation with hinterland part of closed Magura Ocean caused formation of typical "klippen" tectonic style due to counterclockwise rotation of ALCAPA microplate.Ratschbacher, L., Frisch, W., Linzer, H.G., Sperner, B., Meschede, M., Decker, K., Nemčok, M., Nemčok, J., Grygar, R., 1993: The Pieniny Klippen Belt in the Western Carpathians of northeastern Slovakia: structural evidence for transpression. Tectonophysics, 226, p. 471-483 During this times several subduction related calc-alcaline volcanoes locally evolved in the area.
The Garrapatas Fault runs between the axis of the Western Ranges of the Colombian Andes and the Serranía de Los Paraguas, to the west of the city of Buga. The fault displaces oceanic volcanic and sedimentary rocks and has a very well developed V-shaped valley along the upper parts of the Garrapatas and Las Vueltas Rivers and probably connects with the Argelia Fault. It causes alignment of drainage and parallel streams. Dextral movement in this fault is an exception to the common sinistral (left-lateral) movement of north-south trending faults in the region.
Downloadable maps available; see , , and . This is suggestive of the OWL being a left lateral (sinistral) strike-slip fault that has distorted and offset the SCF. But that is inconsistent with the SCF itself and most other strike-slip faults associated with the OWL being right lateral (dextral), and incompatible with the geology to the southeast. Particularly, studies of the region to the southeast (in connection with Department of Energy activities at the Hanford Reservation) show no indication of any fault or other structure comparable to the SCF.E.g.
Boudinaged quartz vein (with strain fringe) showing sinistral shear sense, Starlight Pit, Fortnum Gold Mine, Western Australia Plasticity theory for rocks is concerned with the response of rocks to loads beyond the elastic limit. Historically, conventional wisdom has it that rock is brittle and fails by fracture while plasticity is identified with ductile materials. In field scale rock masses, structural discontinuities exist in the rock indicating that failure has taken place. Since the rock has not fallen apart, contrary to expectation of brittle behavior, clearly elasticity theory is not the last work.
A distinct zone of aftershocks formed a belt from west of Brawley to near Wiest Lake, where sinistral motion on a northeast trending conjugate fault responded to an increase in tension at the northwest end of the Imperial fault. Another line of aftershocks along the projection of the southern San Andreas fault extended south into the valley up to . Activity in that area of the valley had been aseismic through 1978, and a few events occurred just prior to the event, and a significant increase in the amount of activity followed the mainshock.
The northern edge of the Scotia Plate is bounded by the South American Plate, forming the North Scotia Ridge. The North Scotia ridge is a left-lateral, or sinistral, transform boundary with a transform rate of roughly 7.1 mm/yr. The Magallanes–Fagnano Fault is passing through Tierra del Fuego. The northern ridge stretches from Isla de los Estados off Tierra del Fuego in the west to the microcontinent South Georgia in the east, with a series of shallow banks in between: Burdwood, Davis, Barker, and Shag Rocks.
Engraved conch shell cup from Spiro Mounds In historic accounts from the 16th and 17th century, the black drink is usually imbibed in rituals using a cup made of marine shell. Three main species of marine shells have been identified as being used as cups for the black drink, lightning whelk, emperor helmet, and the horse conch. The most common was the lightning whelk, which has a left-handed or sinistral spiral. The left-handed spiral may have held religious significance because of its association with dance and ritual.
It has a minute sinistral nucleus, and six and a half whorls. Its radiating sculpture consists of flexuous incremental lines, and fine wrinkles, which are more prominent toward the periphery on the body whorl and on the early whorls reticulate the spiral sculpture. On the body whorl these lines extend backward with moderate obliquity to the periphery, just above which is the fasciole caused by a well-marked but shallow rounded sulcus. On the base they make a deep rounded concave sweep backward, and then ascend toward the base of the columella.
Aplexa hypnorum, or by the common name, the moss bladder snail, is a species of small air-breathing freshwater snail, an aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Physidae, a family which are sometimes known as the bladder snails. As is true of all physids, the shell is sinistral, or left- handed. The species inhabits temporary water bodies and occurs in the Eurosiberian Boreo-temperate or possibly the Eurasian Boreo-temperate if East Siberia specimens are correctly identified. It may be Holarctic, again if North American specimens are correctly identified.
Euhadra is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Bradybaenidae. (This snail genus was previously placed in the family Eulotidae). A few of the species in this genus are unusual in that specimens in those species always have left-handed "sinistral" coiling in their shells, as shown in the specimen on the right. The rest of the species in the genus are right-handed or "dextral" in the shell coiling, as is usually the case in the great majority of gastropods.
The shell is sinistral, ovate-conic, thin but strong, nearly smooth, brilliantly glossy. The shell has 5.5 whorls. The embryonic whorls are burnt sienna brown (weathering to whitish in adult shells), or sometimes there is a light median zone. The last whorl has either a uniform blackish chestnut, or a chestnut peripheral band and baso-columellar patch on a yellow ground, or like the last but with a green band midway between periphery and suture, or with sutural and peripheral bands and a baso- columellar patch of yellow on a chestnut ground.
The Swan Islands Transform Fault is an active left-lateral (sinistral) strike- slip fault zone that forms part of the boundary between the Caribbean Plate and the North American Plate. It runs along the southern boundary of the Cayman Trough from the Mid-Cayman Rise spreading center in the east, to Guatemala in the west, where it continues as the Motagua Fault. It consists of two main fault strands that overlap west of the Swan Islands. It has been associated with several major earthquakes, including those in 2009 and 2018.
The Cochabamba Fault Zone or Cochabamba Shear Zone is an east-southeast trending zone of sinistral strike-slip faults near the city of Cochabamba in the Bolivian Andes. The movements along Cochabamba Fault Zone are related to the bend in the Andes from running in a north-west direction to a north-south direction at this latitude. The compression of the crust at the Arica Elbow causes part of the thrust belt in the Bolivian Andes to acquire a lateral movement to escape from the compression taking place along the elbow axis.
The Chino Hills earthquake was caused by oblique-slip faulting, with components of both thrust and sinistral strike-slip displacement. Preliminary reports cited the Whittier fault as the active cause, but the quake was later determined to have been generated by the "Yorba Linda trend," as identified by Caltech seismologist Egill Hauksson. Its epicenter was within of Chino Hills and its hypocenter was c. deep. Initial estimations of the moderate main shock reported it as magnitude 5.8, but this was later revised to magnitude 5.4 and in later months to a 5.5.
It is also revealed that this time, two Children of Destiny have been born; Sarah and one referred to as the "Young Boy". The chosen protagonist and their party close the Abyss Gates and defeat the Sinistral clones sent through to wreak havoc in the world. Sarah tries to sacrifice herself to the Abyss to maintain peace until the next Rise of Morastrum, but the party and the Young Boy follow through a surviving Abyss Gate. In the Abyss, Sarah and the Young Boy combine their powers, awakening Oblivion, a being embodying the Abyss's power.
The continental collision between the Indian Plate and the Eurasian Plate has formed the Himalayas and the large uplifted area of the Tibetan Plateau. The northeastern part of Tibet is affected by the eastward lateral spreading of the Tibetan Plateau. This spreading is accommodated by a series of sinistral (left-lateral) strike-slip faults, including the Altyn Tagh, Haiuyan, Kunlun and Xianshuihe faults, combined with thrusting on the Longmenshan fault. The earthquake ruptured the complex thrust fault system in the Qilian Mountains transpressional zone, formed at a restraining bend on the Haiyuan fault.
Pietsch, TW, Dimorphism, parasitism, and sex revisited: modes of reproduction among deep-sea ceratioid anglerfishes (Teleostei: Lophiiformes), Ichthyol Res (2005) 52: 207–236 After metamorphosis they are black in color. They have no scales and gelatinous skin. They are different from all other ceratioid families in having dorsal-fin rays 3 (rarely 4), anal-fin rays 3 (rarely 2 or 4), branchiostegal rays 5 (rarely 4), and a sinistral (opens to the left) anus. The eyes of linophrynid males are very well developed and unique among ceratioids in being tubular and directed somewhat forward.
Like all planorbids, the shell of Biomphalaria glabrata is planispiral, in other words coiled flat like a rope, and the spire of the shell is sunken. Also, like all planorbids, this species has a sinistral shell, in other words, the coiling of the shell is left-handed. However, like all the snails in the subfamily Planobinae, this snail carries its coiled shell upside down, and thus the shell appears to be dextral in coiling. In other families of snails the spire is situated on top of the shell, here what shows on top of the shell is in fact the umbilicus.
The island of Rhodes lies on part of the boundary between the Aegean Sea and African plates. The tectonic setting is complex, with a Neogene history that includes periods of thrusting, extension and strike slip. It sits in what is known as the Hellenic arc, which is in an area that is highly vulnerable to seismic activity, and historically always has been, dating back to the 226 BC Rhodes earthquake. Currently the island of Rhodes is undergoing a counter-clockwise rotation (17° ±5° in the last 800,000 years) associated with the south Aegean sinistral strike-slip fault system.
145 The fault system is reverse sinistral (left lateral) in the northern part of the country, conspicuous to about latitude 5° N, from there south to Ecuador, it is mainly reverse-dextral (right lateral). The system forms prominent fault lines and well-developed fault scarps as much as high on Pleistocene-aged sedimentary deposits, and eroded scarps on older Cretaceous to Paleozoic rocks. The system forms an outstanding break-in-slope above the easternmost parallel set of faults. The upper part of the easternmost major scarps forms the topographic divide of the Central Ranges of Colombia.
At the same time, the lherzolites were finally emplaced. The transcurrent motion along the North Pyrenean pull-apart zone was also accompanied by alkaline magmatism that lasted from the Middle Albian to the end of the Coniacian. The slow progression of the metamorphism into the west seems to imply a large sinistral shearing between Iberia and Aquitania, estimated as an offset of about 200 km (the metamorphism reached the Basque Country only about 80 million years ago in the Campanian). By the beginning of the Turonian about 90 million years ago, the transtensional regime had finished and was replaced by compression.
The Aegean Sea is an area of mainly extensional tectonics caused by the subduction of the African Plate beneath Aegean Sea Plate. In the northwest Aegean, extension on approximately W-E trending extensional faults is accompanied by dextral (right lateral) strike-slip on SW-NE trending faults, and minor sinistral (left lateral) movement on NW-SE trending faults, accommodating the diffuse plate boundary zone between the Eurasian Plate and the Aegean Sea Plate. The earthquake has been attributed to movement on the Stratoni fault, one of the W-E trending faults that shows predominantly dip-slip extension.
The earthquake was caused by the sudden rupture and motion along a strike-slip fault, beneath Lincolnshire. Earthquake motion occurred over a time span of ~2 minutes but it was most intense and was felt at the surface for just 10 to 30 seconds; maximum vertical ground motion at the epicentre of the earthquake was only ~1 mm. The observed focal mechanism implies either sinistral motion on a N–S or dextral motion on an E–W oriented strike-slip fault. The nine aftershocks observed, ~ SSW of the main earthquake event, point to an approximately N–S oriented fault.
European flounder, like other flatfish, experience an eye migration during their lifetime, making them asymmetrical. The most obvious characteristic of flatfish, other than their flatness, is their asymmetrical morphology: both eyes are on the same side of the head in the adult fish. In some families of flatfish, the eyes are always on the right side of the body (dextral or right- eyed flatfish), and in others, they are always on the left (sinistral or left- eyed flatfish). Primitive spiny turbots include equal numbers of right- and left-sided individuals, and are generally more symmetrical than other families.
Jamaica lies within a complex zone of faulting that forms the boundary between the Gonâve Microplate and the Caribbean Plate. To the east of the island the main fault is the Enriquillo–Plantain Garden fault zone while to the west the main structure is the Walton fault zone, both major sinistral (left lateral) strike-slip faults. The transfer of plate boundary displacement between these major fault zones takes place on a series of NW-SE trending faults, such as the Wagwater Belt. The overall tectonic setting is one of transpression at this restraining bend in the plate boundary.
Mindanao lies across the complex convergent boundary between the Sunda Plate and the Philippine Sea Plate. Part of the oblique convergence between these plates is taken up by subduction along the Cotabato Trench. The strike-slip component of the convergence is accommodated partly by the Philippine Fault System and partly by the Cotabato Fault System, a network of mainly NW-SE trending sinistral (left-lateral) strike-slip faults that form the boundary between the Cotabato Arc and the Central Mindanao Volcanic Belt. In the area of the December 2019 earthquake, the individual faults include the NW-SE trending Makilala–Malungon Fault, Tangbulan Fault and the Central Digos Fault.
The Otú Norte Fault crosses the northern part of the Central Ranges of the Colombian Andes. The fault strikes north- northwest to south-southeast and appears to branch off the Palestina Fault. The Otú Fault extends in a northwest direction to near Nechí, where it is covered by young Quaternary deposits. The sinistral oblique reverse fault separates blocks of totally dissimilar geology and lithology; the metamorphic Precambrian San Lucas Complex and Jurassic igneous rocks (diorites) of the Segovia Batholith on the east are juxtaposed against the Cretaceous Santa Isabel Stock and Paleozoic quartz-feldspar gneisses and quartzitic arc rocks of the Cajamarca Complex on the west.
The earthquake sequence occurred in an area of complex tectonics caused by the continuing collision between the Pacific Plate and the Australian Plate. In addition to the major plates, several smaller plates are recognised. The South Bismarck Plate is moving southeastward relative to the Pacific Plate (or another microplate) and its northern boundary in the Bismarck Sea is made up of segments that are alternately extensional and sinistral transform in type. At its eastern end, where it runs close to New Ireland, this boundary is formed by the Weitin Fault, although it is unclear whether that fault is just one of the structures that carries the plate motion.
USGS ShakeMap for the event The earthquake occurred in an area of complex tectonics caused by the continuing collision between the northward moving Indo- Australian Plate and the Eurasian Plate, which created the Arakan Yoma mountains. In this zone of highly oblique collision, most of the motion is accommodated by the north-south trending Sagaing fault, a major dextral (right lateral) strike-slip fault that runs through the western and central part of Burma. The remaining component of shortening across this zone causes distributed deformation of eastern Burma and Thailand extending into Laos. This deformation is partly accommodated by a set of southwest-northeast trending sinistral (left lateral) strike-slip faults.
Flatfish are asymmetrical, with both eyes lying on the same side of the head European flounder, like other flatish, experience an eye migration during their lifetime. The most obvious characteristic of the flatfish is its asymmetry, with both eyes lying on the same side of the head in the adult fish. In some families, the eyes are usually on the right side of the body (dextral or right-eyed flatfish), and in others, they are usually on the left (sinistral or left-eyed flatfish). The primitive spiny turbots include equal numbers of right- and left-sided individuals, and are generally less asymmetrical than the other families.
The Gonâve microplate, showing the main fault zones that bound it The island of Jamaica lies on the boundary between the Caribbean Plate and the Gonâve Microplate. The Gonâve microplate is a long strip of mainly oceanic crust formed by the Cayman spreading ridge within a strike-slip pull-apart basin on the northern transform margin of the Caribbean Plate with the North American Plate. Jamaica was formed by uplift associated with a restraining bend along this strike-slip structure. The focal mechanisms of earthquakes around Jamaica are primarily sinistral strike-slip along WSW- ENE trending faults and minor reverse or thrust motion on NW-SE trending faults.
Scotland, geographical areas. The Southern Uplands Fault (or occasionally Southern Upland Fault)British Geological Survey, Bedrock Geology UK North, 1:625K map 5th edn 2007 is a fault in Scotland that runs from Girvan (or more specifically from the Rhins of Galloway) to Dunbar on the East coast. It marks the southern boundary of the Scottish Midland Valley and the northern margin of the Southern Uplands; indeed it is recognised as a boundary between these two terranes. Both sinistral and dextral strike-slip movement is recorded from parts of the fault as are down-north and down-south normal movements suggestive of a complex history.
Lake Edgar was actually two small lakes that were created when the Edgar fault caused the plains below Mount Anne, on the upper reaches of the Huon River, to move upwards by little more than , causing the river to dam and divert northwards around Scotts Peak. The lake was eventually inundated when the Lake Pedder was flooded as part of a hydroelectric power scheme in 1972. Lake Edgar should not be confused with the Edgar pond which was created when the Edgar Dam intersected one of the smaller tributaries of Lake Edgar. The Lake Edgar Fault originally formed in the Cambrian as a sinistral wrench fault with a displacement of .
Tiny dwarf Valampuries / Dakshinavarthy small enough to wear as a pendant are very rare and price is negotiable when available. Tiny Valampuri / Dakshinavarthy are practically not available and people are often being cheated by selling Sinistral Land Snail in the name of Tiny Valampuri / Dakshinavarthy. It may be noted certain cartels working in Tamil Nadu and South India are creating an artificial shortage of Valampuri / Dakshinavarti Shells and are fooling common people by charging exorbitant prices, Customers are advised to lodge a complaints against them under MRTPC (Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices Commission) Act-1966. Most of the sellers are also selling Lightning Welk or Busicon Contarium i.e.
14García Senz, 2002, p.31 At the end of formation of the back-arc basin, around 95 Ma, high temperature metamorphism developed as a result of crustal thinning synchronously or immediately after the Albian to Cenomanian basin formation. Lower crustal granulitic rocks, as well as ultramafic upper mantle rocks (lherzolites) were emplaced along the prominent North Pyrenean Fault (NPF) crustal feature. The North Pyrenean Fault developed during the sinistral (left-lateral) displacement of the Iberian Plate, which age is determined by the age of flysch pull-apart basins formed synchronously with the strike-slip movement along the NPF from Middle Albian to Early Cenomanian.
The Ibagué Fault forms part with the Garrapatas and Cucuana Faults a shear zone between the latitudes 4 and 5 degrees north. To the north of this zone, regional structures are oriented along a north-northeast strike, characterised by sinistral displacement, among others the San Jerónimo, Silvia-Pijao, Cauca-Almaguer, Murindó, Bituima-La Salina and Bucaramanga-Santa Marta Faults. The movement along these structures generates a transpressive tectonic regime, related to the collision of the Chocó Block in the west of Colombia, during the Late Miocene. To the south of the structural zone the Ibagué Fault belongs to, north-northeast striking faults are mostly dextral, such as the Buesaco- Aranda, Cali-Patía and Algeciras Faults.
Due to the extensional regime shaping the region, the system is dominated by normal faulting, most of which is North-South striking and dipping around 60 degrees to the East. Though the system is mostly dip-slip, there are regions of strike-slip formed mylonites in the East providing evidence for past sinistral strike-slip motion. The general strike of the fault system is North-South, though the fault activity varies between the 3 regions of the AFZ. The Northern region encompasses the Salar del Carmen major fault which splits the region into a Western domain with large active faults striking N160 to N170 and an Eastern domain with mostly inactive faults overlain by Quaternary deposits.
It juxtaposes two successions dominated by mudrocks that are of similar age. To the north of the fault, the Ordovician Skiddaw Group is represented by the Kirk Stile Formation, to the south by the Buttermere Formation, both of Arenig age. The younger sequence of volcanic rocks overlying the Skiddaw Group also differs, with the Eycott Volcanic Group to the north and the Borrowdale Volcanic Group to the south. The fault is described as a thrust near Causey Pike, where rocks of the Crummock Water Aureole are emplaced over sandstone olistoliths of the Buttermere Formation, but the overall displacement on this structure is oblique, with a significant component of sinistral (left lateral) strike-slip motion.
Mindanao lies across the complex convergent boundary between the Sunda Plate and the Philippine Sea Plate. Part of the oblique convergence between these plates is taken up by subduction along the Cotabato Trench. The strike-slip component of the convergence is accommodated partly by the Philippine Fault System and partly by the Cotabato Fault System, a network of mainly NW-SE trending sinistral (left-lateral) strike-slip faults that form the boundary between the Cotabato Arc and the Central Mindanao Volcanic Belt. In the area of the October 2019 earthquakes series, the individual faults include the NW-SE trending South Columbio Fault, North Columbio Fault, M'Lang Fault, Makilala–Malungon Fault and Tangbulan Fault, and the SW-NE trending Makilala Fault and Balabag Fault.
The goliath conch has a very large, heavy and solid shell, with a very conspicuous, widely flaring and thickened outer lip. The stromboid notch is rather inconspicuous in adult individuals, but it can be identified as a secondary anterior indentation to the right of the siphonal canal in a non-sinistral shell, assuming it is viewed ventrally, with its anterior end pointing down. Unlike the closely related queen conch, Lobatus gigas, the aperture of the shell of the Goliath conch is colored tan, and not pink. L. goliath has also a shorter spire and duller spines as compared to the queen conch, and the outer lip frequently expands far beyond the length of the spire in the shells of adult individuals.
The Bucaramanga-Santa Marta Fault (BSMF, BSF) or Bucaramanga-Santa Marta Fault System () is a major oblique transpressional sinistral strike-slip fault (wrench fault) in the departments of Magdalena, Cesar, Norte de Santander and Santander in northern Colombia. The fault system is composed of two main outcropping segments, named Santa Marta and Bucaramanga Faults, and an intermediate Algarrobo Fault segment in the subsurface. The system has a total length of and runs along an average north-northwest to south-southeast strike of 341 ± 23 from the Caribbean coast west of Santa Marta to the northern area of the Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes. The fault system is a major bounding fault for various sedimentary basins and igneous and metamorphic complexes.
Butlin succinctly describes one example of this unique pattern: > P. suturalis is sympatric with the dextral P. aurantia and sinistral P. > olympia, whose ranges abut but do not overlap; P. suturalis is sinestral in > the range of P. aurantia and dextral in the range of P. olympia and does not > normally hybridize with either species. However, where their ranges meet > there is a sharp transition in the coil of P. suturalis and in this > transition zone it hybridizes with both P. aurantia and P. olympia. The reversal in chirality to sinistrality must have evolved as an isolating mechanism, with patterns of reproductive character displacement suggesting speciation by reinforcement. Satsuma largillierti lives on the western half of Okinawa Island while Satsuma eucosmia lives on the eastern half.
However, small windows, such as the Assynt window and the Glen Achall imbricated thrust system, allow geologists to estimate what the geology of Scotland was like before the Caledonian Orogeny. The relationship between the Moine Thrust Belt and other Scandian age structures in Scandinavia and East Greenland remains unclear, due to uncertainties associated with the Great Glen Fault zone. This major sinistral (left-lateral) strike-slip fault was also active during the late stages of the orogeny, but continued to move during the early Devonian and appears to truncate the southern end of the thrust belt. The total late Caledonian displacement on the Great Glen Fault is poorly constrained, making reconstruction of the southern part of the orogenic belt difficult.
Like most other gastropods, the shell of this species is almost always right-handed, or dextral, in its shell-coiling, but very rarely a left-handed shell is found (one in approximately 200,000 individuals). In the Hindu religious context, the very rare left-handed (sinistral) shells of this species are known as Dakshinavarti Shankh in Sanskrit or Valampurich chanku in Tamil, as opposed to the more common right-handed forms, which are known as Vamavarti. The Dakshinavarti is particularly highly valued in terms of its religious significance. In its religious context, the Dakshinavarti shankh is considered to be right-handed, because the "handedness" of the shell coiling is measured with the "spout" or siphonal canal of the shell pointing upwards.
Memorial French Commandos, tracesofwar.com The unit's commanding officer, Philippe Kieffer In March 1944, the battalion received its official designation,p.74, Guillou and in May 1944, a few weeks before the Normandy landings, they received their own badge consisting of an ecu of bronze charged with a brig (representing adventure) and the barred dagger of the Commandos with, in the sinistral corner, the Cross of Lorraine and underlined by a streamer carrying the inscription "1er Bn F.M.Commando". The green beret was worn in the British fashion, pulled right with badge over the left eye or temple.p.155, Pichavant The battalion was initially assigned to No.4 Commando of the British Army's 1st Special Service Brigade, serving as its 5th and 6th Troops.
It was also known from the case history that the patient had twice suffered during the last ten years from myocardial infarction, as well as from Acute Cerebrovascular Event with sinistral hemiplegia more than 15 years ago. Apart from that the patient suffers from hypertension, type 2 diabetes with diabetic nephropathy, hysteromyoma, cholelithiasis, osteoporosis and varicose pedi-vein disease. It also came to knowledge that the patient regularly takes a number of antihypertensive drugs, urinatives and oral antihyperglycemic remedies, as well as statins, antiplatelet and nootropics. In the past the patient had undergone cholecystectomy due to cholelithiasis more than 20 years ago, as well as the extraction of crystalline tumor due to cataract of the right eye 4 years ago.
Dark dikes (now foliated amphibolites) cutting light grey Lewisian gneiss of the Scourie complex, both deformed and cut by later (unfoliated) pink granite dikes Contact between a dark-colored diabase dike (about 1100 million years old)Bjørn Hageskov (1985): Constrictional deformation of the Koster dyke swarm in a ductile sinistral shear zone, Koster islands, SW Sweden. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 34(3–4): 151–97 and light-colored migmatitic paragneiss in the Kosterhavet National Park in the Koster Islands off the western coast of Sweden. Most of the Outer Hebrides of Scotland have a bedrock formed from Lewisian gneiss. In addition to the Outer Hebrides, they form basement deposits on the Scottish mainland west of the Moine Thrust and on the islands of Coll and Tiree.
The second regards the deformation as being continuous within the mid to lower crust, the continuum model. The change in width of the deformed zone along the collisional belt, with the narrow zone of western Tibet compared to the main part of the Tibetan Plateau, is explained as either lateral escape to the east along the Altyn Tagh and Karakorum faults in the microplate model or as the effect of the rigid Tarim Basin block causing heterogeneous deformation within a generally weaker lithosphere in the continuum model. At its northern end, the Altyn Tagh fault progressively loses displacement by its interaction with a series of WNW–ESE trending structures, mostly with components of reverse displacement and sinistral (left lateral) strike-slip. The Changma fault is one of those structures.
This complex zone of ruptures has four main segments: the 20 km long Dzhil'-Aryk, the 62 km long Lower Chon-Kemin, south side, the 40 km long Lower Chon-Kemin, north side and the 66 km long Upper Chon-Kemin-Chilik zone. The Dzhil'-Aryk segment shows evidence of reverse faulting on a south-dipping fault plane, with no clear evidence of lateral movement. The sense of displacement along the rest of the near-vertical Chon- Kemin and Chilik rupture zone was dominantly of sinistral (left lateral) strike-slip with minor amounts of reverse faulting, with between one and three metres of vertical displacement. Left-lateral displacements of up to 40 m recognised from the offset of river channels, represent cumulative displacements and no separate estimates have been obtained for the 1911 event.
The Bucaramanga-Santa Marta Fault is a major fault system which extends for a total distance of from the Colombian Caribbean coast to the Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes to as far as about 6.5° N, south of the capital of Santander, Bucaramanga. The fault system, with an average strike of 341 ± 23 degrees, is a major wrench fault with a sinistral (left-lateral) displacement ranging from and a fault slip rate of per year.Jiménez Díaz, 2013, p.56 The Santa Marta Fault forms the boundary between several distinct geological provinces: it is the western limit of the Santa Marta Massif with the Sinú-San Jacinto Basin, farther to the south the fault separates the Lower Magdalena Valley and northern Middle Magdalena Valley from the Cesar-Ranchería Basin.
A newer theory for the opening of the basin is attributed to sinistral strike-slip motion between the Scotia plate and Antarctic plates. It is theorized that the trench between the Phoenix and Antarctic plates is locked in place and there is not any motion within the trench. The new data suggests trench retreat is not attributed as a mechanism for extension because there is a lack of seismic activity in the South Shetland Trench area, and that slab rollback is not a mechanism for extension either because if it were then Northwest-Southeast extension should be observed in the entire South Shetland region but instead compression can be observed. It is proposed that the motion between the Scotia plate and Antarctic plate are pushing the Phoenix plate to the Northwest creating compression.
Shells of two different species of sea snail: on the left is the normally sinistral (left-handed) shell of Neptunea angulata, on the right is the normally dextral (right-handed) shell of Neptunea despecta The shell of a large land snail (probably Helix pomatia) with parts broken off to show the interior structure. 1 – umbilicus 2 – columellar plait 3 – aperture 4 – columella 5 – suture 6 – body whorl 7 – apex Four views of a shell of Arianta arbustorum: Apertural view (top left), lateral view (top right), apical view (bottom left), and umbilical view (bottom right). The gastropod shell is part of the body of a gastropod or snail, a kind of mollusc. The shell is an exoskeleton, which protects from predators, mechanical damage, and dehydration, but also serves for muscle attachment and calcium storage.
In some families the eyes are always on the right side of the body (dextral or right-eyed flatfish) and in others they are always on the left (sinistral or left-eyed flatfish). The primitive spiny turbots include equal numbers of right- and left-eyed individuals, and are generally less asymmetrical than the other families. Other distinguishing features of the order are the presence of protrusible eyes, another adaptation to living on the seabed (benthos), and the extension of the dorsal fin onto the head. Amphistium is a 50-million-year-old fossil fish identified as an early relative of the flatfish, and as a transitional fossil In Amphistium, the transition from the typical symmetric head of a vertebrate is incomplete, with one eye placed near the top-center of the head.
Topographic map showing the Red River and fault The Red River (Nansha Reservoir) seen from the slope of its deep valley, south of Potou Township, Jianshui County The Red River Fault or Song Hong Fault () is a major fault in Yunnan, China and Vietnam which accommodates continental China's (Yangtze Plate) southward movement It is coupled with that of the Sagaing Fault in Burma, which accommodates the Indian plate's northward movement, with the land (Indochina) in between faulted and twisted clockwise. It was responsible for the 1970 Tonghai earthquake. It is named after the Red River which runs through the valley eroded along the fault trace. The Red River Fault was a sinistral strike-slip shear zone until Miocene times when it became reactivated as a brittle dextral strike-slip fault.
The Stratoni fault was identified as the fault responsible for the 1932 event because of evidence of surface ruptures recorded soon after the earthquake and from the pattern of isoseismals, which were elongated in a W-E to NW-SE orientation and similarly orientated volume of recently observed seismicity. From the observation of slickensides along exposed fault planes, the movement along the fault is dip-slip extensional with local areas of oblique slip with a component of sinistral (left-lateral) strike-slip. The extension direction is currently oriented north-south but, when the fault was formed, was oriented NNE-SSW, perpendicular to the fault trace, possibly due to subsequent clockwise rotation of the area. The earthquake was followed by three strong aftershocks (M=6.0, 5.7 & 6.2) in the period 26-29 September, and the largest (M6.3) on 11 May of the following year.
The easternmost part of Turkey lies within the complex zone of continuing continental collision between the Arabian Plate and the Eurasian Plate. The overall shortening that affects this area is accommodated partly by thrusting along the Bitlis-Zagros fold and thrust belt and partly by a mixture of sinistral strike-slip on SW-NE trending faults and dextral strike-slip on NW-SE trending faults. The earthquake was caused by movement on the Çaldıran Fault, one of the dextral faults, which had not been recognised before the earthquake. No earthquakes with magnitudes of 6 or greater were recorded within 100 km of Çaldıran in the preceding 74 years, possibly explaining why it was considered an area of only intermediate seismic risk (zone 3 out of the five zone system of seismic risking used in Turkey at the time, with zone 1 being the highest).
The Adamastor Ocean was a "proto-Atlantic" ocean that formed with the break-up of the Rodinia supercontinent 780-750 . It separated the Río de la Plata Craton from the Congo Craton. The inversion of the Adamastor Ocean began about 640 Ma with the development of a large back-arc basin along the western margin of the Kalahari Craton, and the ocean closed when Río de la Plata collided with Kalahari about 545 Ma along the sinistral Sierra Ballena Shear Zone. The São Francisco Craton and the Río de la Plata Craton amalgamated 630–620 Ma, closing the Adamastor Ocean on the South American side and forming the Mantiqueira Mountains around 600 Ma. In 2020 a group of geologists proposed an alternative model for the Adamastor Ocean in which it is reduced to a intracontinental rift system with only some minor oceanic crust developing in its southern part.
The Walker Lane is a geologic trough roughly aligned with the California/Nevada border southward to where Death Valley intersects the Garlock Fault, a major left lateral, or sinistral, strike-slip fault. The north-northwest end of the Walker Lane is between Pyramid Lake in Nevada and California's Lassen Peak where the Honey Lake Fault Zone, the Warm Springs Valley Fault, and the Pyramid Lake Fault Zone meet the transverse tectonic zone forming the southern boundary of the Modoc Plateau and Columbia Plateau provinces. The Walker Lane takes up 15 to 25 percent of the boundary motion between the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate, the other 75 percent being taken up by the San Andreas Fault system to the west. The Walker Lane may represent an incipient major transform fault zone which could replace the San Andreas as the plate boundary in the future.
Metamorphic zones, and Moine Thrust Belt, Great Glen Fault and Highland Boundary Fault Euramerica in the Devonian (416 to 359 Ma) with Baltica, Avalonia (Cabot Fault, Newfoundland and Great Glen Fault, Scotland) and Laurentia The Great Glen Fault has a long movement history. It formed towards the end of the Caledonian orogeny associated with the collision between the Laurentia and Baltic tectonic plates at the end of the Silurian continuing into the Early Devonian (likely age range 430–390 Ma (million years)). The movement at that time was sinistral (left-lateral), the same as the closely related set of faults sub-parallel to the main part of the Great Glen Fault, which include the Strathconon Fault and Strathglass Faults to the northwest and the Laggan Fault, Tyndrum Fault, and Ericht-Laidon Fault to the southeast. The second main phase of movement was during the Carboniferous, this time with a dextral sense.
320px The Sandwick Fish Bed near 260px Thick fluvial sandstones of Givetian age exposed in the cliffs on the western coast of 260px 260px In common with the Devonian basins of Norway and East Greenland, the Orcadian Basin lies entirely within the area affected by crustal thickening during the Caledonian orogeny. The recognition of extensional faulting at various scales in these areas at the same time as deposition led to the suggestion that these basins reflect the gravitational collapse of this thickened zone. Other tectonic models have suggested that transtensional sinistral (left lateral) strike-slip movement on the Great Glen Fault, which passes through the centre of the basin, was the main cause of basin formation. The continuity of Middle Devonian facies belts across the trace of the fault zone, after accounting for subsequent reactivation of the Great Glen Fault in a dextral sense, has been used to argue against strike-slip activity during sedimentation.
View along the Highland Boundary Fault from Conic Hill – the topographic ridge is mainly due to the presence of Devonian age conglomerates on the southwestern side of the fault and can be traced across Loch Lomond on the islands of Inchcailloch, Torrinch, Creinch and Inchmurrin, to Ben Bowie on the western shore The Highland Boundary Fault is a major fault zone that traverses Scotland from Arran and Helensburgh on the west coast to Stonehaven in the east. It separates two different geological terranes which give rise to two distinct physiographic terrains: the Highlands and the Lowlands, and in most places it is recognisable as a change in topography. Where rivers cross the fault, they often pass through gorges, and the associated waterfalls can be a barrier to salmon migration. The fault is believed to have formed in conjunction with the Strathmore syncline to the south-east during the Acadian orogeny in a transpressive regime that caused the uplift of the Grampian block and a small sinistral movement on the Highland Boundary Fault.

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