There was a regality to it, like a fallen king.
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"Back then, Hôtel de Crillon was associated with regality," he said.
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I want to tell you that we come from royalty and regality.
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With their gold, we recognize the regality of our ingenuity and hard work.
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Its modern design adds to its regality and it seems to elucidate the entire area at night.
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Costumed in the guise of the ancient Jewish queen Esther, the artist renders the woman with flairs of regality and power.
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No." Brian Agler, coach of the WNBA's Dallas Wings: "I'm just puzzled by the regality of the Alabama High School State Association.
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The Celia dress is a continuance of Obama's signature fashion style: bare arms, a color blocked design, and an air of regality.
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The qualifying rounds, held here since 1925, are played on grass but lack the amenities or timeless regality that sets Wimbledon apart.
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Queen Ramonda exudes an unshakable regality that not even the loss of her husband, son, station, or stability of her nation could rattle.
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If the regality of its ceremonial sites and the emperor's own title gives the nation a sense of pompousness, George is quick to dispel it.
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Both sisters were exceptionally intelligent, yet it was Elizabeth whose brilliance shone in the spotlight, who was flirtatious yet resolutely virginal, whose poise and regality were unmatched.
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She started the set with a hologram interactive of her, her daughter Blue Ivy, and her mother interacting in various poses that represented fertility, femininity, and regality.
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"I think the film presented notions of African regality, dignity, modernity and respect for culture and tradition that many people felt proud to see represented onscreen," she said.
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What caught my attention were the material trappings reflected in the hand-painted scenery, which reflected aspirational wealth, a reverence for nature, regality … yet is all absurdly artificial.
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He carried this off with aplomb in a series of recent meetings with international leaders, displaying the trappings of French regality and the pragmatism of a contemporary technocrat.
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Rest assured, there are a handful of bright spots in the AKC's art collection, but the current curatorial program is overwrought in its emphasis on dog gravitas and regality.
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Operatic characters — an aloof pantheon of gods, monarchs, priests and countesses — are generally more outsize than approachable; their exponents have traditionally been measured on a scale of perceived regality and remoteness.
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Meryl Streep, as usual, is regally vulnerable as Katharine Graham, the publisher of the Washington Post, but with extra vulnerability in the film's first half and climactic regality near the end.
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And today, in the wake of another glorious celebration of a nation's ideals and guiding principles, the majesty and regality that girds the soul of a nation hangs in the balance.
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Tessa Thompson's box braids, Lena Waithe's locs, and the other naturally-textured and protective hairstyles at the MTV Movie & TV Awards weren't just killer looks — they were a declaration of regality and pride.
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With a nod to the long-heralded regality of the location, there is also a "Tiffany Tea" menu offering ($49), featuring teas by Bellocq, as well as a selection of finger sandwiches and bakery items.
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Heaven. And then below the regality and poise of the upper body, beneath the waist, there continued the bastardized bump and grind from MTV, coming full circle to meet its call-and-response West African roots.
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Then there's Electra herself, an imperious queen of the ballroom whose Shakespearean verbal takedowns are delivered with devastating regality, as well as Pray Tell, the costume-designing, shade-dealing king who acts as the ballroom emcee and surrogate father to the fatherless.
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Her just-released fourth full-length, When I Get Home, picks up where "The Chosen Ones" left off; Solange is still dedicated to showing the regality of black life, but this album is an intimate exploration of her Houston roots and black heritage.
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In speaking her personal truth, Solange has created a meditation not just for herself but for so many seeking safe space, asylum, and peace, for those who seek to maintain their dignity and regality in the face of condescension, lies, aggression, violence, and murder.
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They display a confidence that, because of their heritage, because of their regality, because of their class, they are somehow more than, even as they are in the same boat as so many of the people who see their charade for the false front that it is.
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Eliot (Hale Appleman) has a palpable regality in both his look and his soul; Margo (Summer Bishil) has blossomed as a brazen queen; Quentin (Jason Ralph) is steadfast and earnest, buoyed by Ralph's deep pleasantness, an energy that's completely transformed the character from what he was in the books.
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This real-world application connects this regality theory to political psychology.
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A regality was a territorial jurisdiction in old Scots law which might be created by the King only, by granting lands to a subject in liberam regalitatem, and the tract of land over which such a right extended. A lord of regality had a civil jurisdiction equal to that of the King's sheriff, and more extensive criminal jurisdiction, equivalent to that of the High Court of Justiciary (except for treason). A regality was a superior jurisdiction to a barony and might be exercised over baronies within the regality. The jurisdiction was exercised by the regality court, usually presided over by the bailie or his deputy, and composed of the suitors of court, who held lands by suit of court.
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The building is called a palace in part because Dalkeith Castle was the 'caput', the 'head' or place where the courts of the Regality of Dalkeith were held.charter of novodamus of the Regality, 20/6/1589, Register of the Great Seal, RMS, vol.5, no.1674 According to the heraldic writer Alexander Nisbet, the caput of a regality was technically termed a 'palatium', as a seat of royal authority.
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Precursors to this regality theory are cultural r/k theory and cultural selection theory.
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Agner Fog is considered the main writer and investigator of regality theory. Fog is attributed with coining the term "regality theory." He is currently an associate professor at the Technical University of Denmark (DTU), and has been present at DTU since 1995. In this time, Fog has studied and published works of research that focus on cultural and evolutionary anthropology (includes regality theory), computer science (the field he predominantly lectures), and social systems.
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The worldview that the world is a dangerous place perpetuates the right-wing authoritarian personality type, while the psychological understanding of the world as a dog-eat-dog world will lead to social dominance orientation. The perception of collective danger and the expected response to such danger described by authoritarian personality theory allow for the connection between this theory and regality theory. The difference between the two and the justification for the consideration of regality theory over authoritarian personality theory is that regality theory allows for greater empirical research via statistical analysis of causal relationships as well as regality theory's better avoidance of politics.
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The lands in 1640 lay in the Bailliary of Kilwinning and the regality of Torphichen; regality being defined as a territorial jurisdiction of a royal nature conferred by the sovereign, here the jurisdiction was over lands which had belonged to the Knights Templar. The regality was called Temple-Cuninghame. Hew (Hugh) Montgomerie of Silverwood was the brother of Robert Montgomerie of Hessilhead and in 1672 he was heir to the hereditary bailieship of all the Temple lands and tenements within the Bailiary of Cuninghame and regality of Kilwinning. He was Sheriff Depute of Renfrewshire and as such was involved in a number of contemporary court cases.Siverwood Papers(1670).
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It covered the specification of currency, the right to mint and the right to use coins and the profit from minting. It is variously referred to in English sources as the "right of coinage", "coinage regality",Hübner, Rudolf (2000). A History of Germanic Private Law, New Jersey. . "regality of coinage", "minting privileges"Englischer Wortschatz Geschichte' by Christel Beck-Zangenberg.
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Initially regalities were a part of the system of government, delegated jurisdiction, but from the 14th century, the lords of regality frequently sought to usurp royal authority and establish semi-independent domains. In the 15th century, regalities again became a means of governing by delegated authority. Regalities and regality jurisdictions were abolished by the Heritable Jurisdictions (Scotland) Act 1746.
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Any remaining burghs of barony or regality that had not adopted the police acts were implicitly dissolved. They were abolished in 1975.
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He was born in 1751 in Mauchline, Scotland. His father, John Hamilton of Kype near Strathaven in Lanarkshire, was a lawyer in Mauchline and clerk to the regality of Mauchline.His mother was Jacobina Young, his father's first wife. Gavin became a writer or lawyer in Mauchline and a factor or clerk to the Regality of Mauchline to the Earl of Loudoun.
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The album Regality connected to the series became the first album credited to a male in-story character group to top the weekly Oricon Albums Chart.
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Shaw, History of Moray, pp. 331–2 Appointed officials adjudicated at consistory courts looking at matters affecting tithes, marriages, divorces, widows, orphans, wills and other related legal matters. In Moray, these courts were held in Elgin and Inverness. By 1452 the Bishop of Moray held all his lands in one regality and had Courts of Regality presided over by Bailiffs and Deputies to ensure the payment of revenues from his estates.
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The Battle of Arbroath was fought on 24 January 1445 (or by another version in 1446) at Arbroath in Scotland. It was between rivals claimants to the post of Baillie of the Regality.
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A burgh of regality is a type of Scottish town. They were distinct from royal burghs as they were granted to "lords of regality", leading noblemen. (In distinction, burghs of barony were granted to a tenant-in-chief, a landowner who held his estates directly from the crown, and had fewer civil and criminal law powers). They were created between 1450 and 1707, and conferred upon the landowner varying trading rights, such as the right to hold weekly markets or to trade overseas.
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Royal Burgh of Arbroath's Coat of Arms Arbroath was made a royal burgh in 1178 by King William the Lion at the same time as the Abbey was established. The burgh of regality permitted the monks to hold a weekly market, dispense basic justice and to establish a harbour. In 1559, the town's burgh of regality was reconfirmed in 1599 by King James VI of Scotland. A provost and a town council were appointed and it was at this point Aberbrothock became a fully fledged royal burgh.
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In later centuries, the term thanes dropped out of use in favour of baron, but described as having regality, a term used to describe both the thanes' powers, and the greater powers of the territorial earl.
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This status as a burgh dependent on Dunfermline Abbey was later confirmed in 1327 by Robert I, King of Scots.Remains of the common muir now known as Volunteers' Green A charter granted in 1363 by David II, King of Scots (reigned 1329–71), awarded the burgh the right to trade across the regality of Dunfermline. This charter allowed the burgesses of Kirkcaldy to purchase and sell goods to the burgesses of the three other regality burghs — Queensferry, Dunfermline and Musselburgh — that belonged to the Abbey.Omand 2000, p.138.
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Everson, P and Stocker, D 2003. ‘The archaeology of vice-regality: Charles Brandon’s brief rule in Lincolnshire’ in eds David Gaimster and Roberta Gilchrist, The Archaeology of Reformation c 1480-1580, Society for Post-Medieval Archaeology monograph 1, 145-58.
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The old Barony and castle, fortalice, or tower house of Hill of BeithCoventry, Page 135 lay in the feudal Regality of Kilwinning, within the Baillerie of Cunninghame, and the Sherrifdom of Ayr, now the Parish of Beith, North Ayrshire, Scotland.
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Farquhar Mackay had also received a charter from the Earl of Buchan, confined by the king for the lands of Melness in the parish of Durness. It suited royal policy to put pressure upon the Earl of Sutherland by favouring their "ancient enemy", Mackay of Strathnaver. Although the regality of the Earl of Sutherland did not include Strathnaver, Iye Mackay of Strathnaver also held lands in Sutherland, close to the borders of Ross-shire, and vexing the claim of Sutherland's powers of regality over him, tried to have the matter submitted to arbitration when in favourable circumstances.
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The lands of Brownmuir lay in the Regality of Kilwinning and Bailiary of Cunninghame. The boundary to the west was with the Lands of Threepwood. A substantial laird's style dwelling is not indicated on the available 18th century maps of the area.
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Kinross-shire contained only one burgh, Kinross. The burgh was originally created a burgh of barony in 1540/1 and became a burgh of regality in 1685. In 1864 it became a police burgh with an elected town council. It continued to exist until 1975.
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To emphasise this, Bur, when he entered into the protection agreement with Alexander in 1370, ensured that the de facto Lord of Badenoch would have no hold on him, nor on his lands and people. A few months later in March 1371, on his father's accession to the throne, Alexander was officially made Lord of Badenoch.Boardman, Early Stewart Kings, p. 73 Robert II's charter gave Alexander the lands of Badenoch seemingly in regality with, presumably, authority over the church lands however, bishop Bur possibly protested at this, as the details of the grant of Badenoch contained in the Register of the Great Seal has no reference to regality.
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Still, this is based on regal-like and kungic-like behaviors and this does not address the needed psychological flexibility for regality theory and culture as a whole. Studies of the social structures of non-human primates, some social carnivores, and hymenoptera may show regal and kungic societal patterns. Non-human primates, as human's closest relative, are subject to the most studies to observe "human-unique" characteristics in non- human species as a whole. Chimpanzees and bonobos make the most popular example of non-human species potentially displaying regal and kungic societal patterns, though studies of their social organization were not necessarily targeting evidence of regality theory.
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The shortcomings of regality theory include its relative newness and that the study of the theory seems highly specialized to Agner Fog, though there are kin theories of cultural dimensions and organization. In several theories of cultural design there is some question as to this theory being potentially misused in negative explanations of some cultures/groups of people. The potential marginalization of people groups is compounded by the dichotomous design of the theory. Like the argument of personality as either states or traits, regality theory poses that cultures/societies are a collection of traits and that they create only two levels- regal/warlike or kungic/peaceful.
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William Douglas, 8th Earl of Douglas, 2nd Earl of Avondale (1425 – 22 February 1452) was a late Medieval Scottish nobleman, Lord of Galloway, and Lord of the Regality of Lauderdale,Sasine Precept, National Archives of Scotland RH1/2/691 and the most powerful magnate in Southern Scotland.
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Duckham, Page 290 She was very industrious and even established a distillery, later a brewery at the family's Burgh and Regality of Montgomeryston inside the walls of Cromwell's old Citadel fort at Ayr to increase her income. It seems to have been only moderately successful.Robertson, Page 103.
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Agner Fog is the main investigator of Regality Theory, the proposition that the environment a group is in selects for certain psychological traits. As a result, a harsher environment selects for more regal (warlike) social structures while a safer environment selects for more kungic (peaceful) ones.
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Harmon above p. 1973; Herodotus VIII 41. This religious pattern moreover includes armour, goatskin dress, sacred birds and a concern with virginity in cult. Virginity is connected to regality: the existence and welfare of the community was protected by virgin goddesses or the virgin attendants of a goddess.
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When group conflict extends to nations or tribes, regality theory argues that the collective danger leads citizens to start having strong feelings of national or tribal identity, preferring strong, hierarchical political system, adopting strict discipline and punishment of deviants, and expressing xenophobia and strict religious and sexual morality.
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The Canongate owes its existence to the establishment of Holyrood Abbey in 1128. King David I, who established the Abbey, gave the surrounding area to the Augustinian canons then resident at Edinburgh Castle in the form of a regality.A Treatise On The History, Law, And Privileges Of The Palace And Sanctuary Of Holyrood House The King also gave leave to the canons to establish a burgh between the abbey and Edinburgh, and as it was the only burgh within the regality it was given the status of burgh of regality of Canongate. The area originally controlled by the abbey included the lands of Broughton, areas around the Pleasance and North Leith, giving the canons access to a port.
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It incorporates evolutionary game theory in that the regal and kungic society theory have similar expectations of social behavior, specifically altruism and cooperation. Individuals fighting for the collective social group (altruistic behavior or self- sacrifice) directly refers to the regal dimension of the regal and kungic society theory. Life history theory's connection to this regality theory comes from the shared expectations of reproduction patterns based on ecological settings. This also connects the theory of regal and kungic societal structures to the discipline of evolutionary ecology as both theories (regality theory and life history theory) are addressing events that are considered the universal stages/events of life across all organisms- birth, reproduction, death.
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Threepwood Farm The lands of Threepwood lay in the Barony of Beith, Regality of Kilwinning and Bailiary of Cunninghame. The lands may have once reached as far as the Barrcraigs as the Cross of Brakraigs (sic) is shown on Blaeu's map suggesting that Kilwinning Abbey's lands extended to this point.
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Upon his fathers death in 1675, seventeen year-old Robert Ker inherited the titles and estates as the 3rd Earl of Roxburghe. In 1680, he served as Privy Councillor. In 1681, he served as Sheriff Principal of Selkirk, also serving as Sheriff of Roxburgheshire and Baillie of the Regality of Melrose.
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The south-east had been absorbed by the English Kingdom of Bernicia/Northumbria in the seventh century. Galloway in the south west was a Lordship with some regality. In a Galwegian charter dated to the reign of Fergus, the Galwegian ruler styled himself rex Galwitensium, King of Galloway.Oram (2000) p. 62.
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Burghs of regality possessed higher jurisdictional rights in liberam regalitatem, amounting to complete criminal jurisdiction except for treason. These rights were abolished by the Heritable Jurisdictions (Scotland) Act 1746, after which the Burghs enjoyed only the jurisdictional rights of burghs of barony. The titles are redundant today but remain in descriptive use.
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The Burgh Police (Scotland) Act, 1892 (55 & 56 Vict. c.55), which came into effect on 15 May 1893, superseded all earlier general and police acts in burghs. Each burgh was now united as a single body corporate for police and municipal purposes – in some cases a previous royal burgh or burgh of barony or regality had continued to exist alongside the police burgh. Any remaining burghs of barony or regality that had not adopted the police acts were implicitly dissolved. Populous places that could become a burgh were now to have a population of 2,000 or more – though where a place with a lower population resolved to adopt the act, it was at the county sheriff’s discretion to allow or refuse such an application.
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The lands of Morishill,Dobie (1896), Page 199 Morrishill,Thomson's Map Retrieved : 2013--06-25 MoorishillDobie (1896), Page 216 or Moricehill were part of the holdings of the Barony of Beith, Regality of Kilwinning and Bailiary of Cuninghame. The name may have derived from large shielings or huts that were once erected at the site.
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1788), married Henry Reeve, Arthur (b. 1790), a printer and F.S.A., author of The Glory of Regality (London, 1820), and Papers in relation to the Antient Topography of the Eastern Counties (London, 1869), and Sarah, wife of John Austin, the jurist.Philip Meadows Taylor, A Memoir of the Taylor Family of Norwich(1866), 2, 9–13.
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80px Krystyna Ścibor-Bogusławska (?-1783) was a Polish official, serving as governor, Lady of regality, of Wągłczew, by appointment of King PoniatowskiArchiwum Państwowe w Łodzi oddział w Sieradzu, Powiatowa Komisja Sprawiedliwości w Sieradzu, nr akt – p834,& p 226.R. Bogusławski, Dobra ziemskie Ścibor-Bogusławskich w Ziemi Sieradzkiej XV - XX w., Na Sieradzkich Szlakach, 4/2007.
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Ker, Page 161 King Robert II granted the abbey a charter, erecting all the lands of the Barony of Kilwinning into a free regality, with full jurisdiction. They received ratifications of this charter from Robert III and James IV. King James IV visited the abbey in 1507, making an offering of 14s. to its relics.Gazetteer of Scotland.
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Agner Fog is a Danish evolutionary anthropologist and computer scientist. He is currently an Associate Professor of computer science at the Technical University of Denmark (DTU), and has been present at DTU since 1995. He is best known for coining the term "Regality Theory" and for writing extensive optimization manuals for machines running the x86 architecture.
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However, if Erispoe was usurping regality in Brittany at that time (857), it is not attested in other sources. It may imply continued Frankish resentment of the title.Julia M. H. Smith (1992), Province and Empire: Brittany and the Carolingians (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). He is called rex Brittonum ("king of the Bretons") by Regino of Prüm (d. 915).
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G. Wells, Italy, France, and Britain at War (New York: Macmillan, 1917), p. 14. In an account of a visit with the King of Italy, "the first king I had ever met",H. G. Wells, Italy, France, and Britain at War (New York: Macmillan, 1917), p. 25. Wells is struck by the monarch's lack of pomp and, indeed, regality.
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Burghs of regality or of barony, hitherto excluded from participating in foreign trade, were accorded the privilege in 1672.Mackie et al. 1978, p.246 but to maintain the pre-eminent position of the royal burghs an Act of Parliament (1690) stipulated the sum to be paid by the lesser burghs to reduce the burden of taxation imposed on the royal burghs.
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Evidence showing that the competitive exclusion principle operates in human groups has been reviewed and integrated into regality theory to explain warlike and peaceful societies. For example, hunter-gatherer groups surrounded by other hunter-gatherer groups in the same ecological niche will fight, at least occasionally, while hunter-gatherer groups surrounded by groups with a different means of subsistence can coexist peacefully.
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Cites Sir Bernard Burke, Ulster King of Arms (1858) Royal Descents and Pedigrees of Founders' Kin. London: Harrison. The Sempill family from the thirteenth century were hereditary bailiffs of the regality of Paisley and sheriffs of Renfrew under the Lord High Steward of Scotland. They frequently distinguished themselves in the English wars, and were employed in important duties of state.
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185 many scholars have remarked the similarity between the Juno of the Lupercalia and the Juno of Lanuvium Seispes Mater Regina as both are associated with the goat, symbol of fertility. But in essence there is unity between fertility, regality and purification.Y._M. Duval "Les Lupercales, Junon et le printemps." Annales be Bretagne et des Pays de l'Ouest 83 1976 p. 271-2.
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As a dancer, Tsiskaridze possessed the purity of Russian dance training and the regality and mystery of royalty. His extremely long legs moved with masculine power, yet also with feminine grace. His arms could at one moment be strong and forceful, and at the next soft and elegant. His feet were well arched for a man and his beats were pristine.
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Purple had long-standing associations with regality, and with the divine. It was thought to sanctify and protect those who wore it, and was officially reserved for the border of the toga praetexta, and for the solid purple toga picta. Edicts against its wider, more casual use were not particularly successful; it was also used by wealthy women and, somewhat more disreputably, by some men.
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The Burgh Police (Scotland) Act, 1833 (3 & 4 Wm IV c.46) enabled existing royal burghs, burghs of regality, and burghs of barony to adopt powers of paving, lighting, cleansing, watching, supplying with water and improving their communities. The Burgh Police (Scotland) Act, 1892 (55 & 56 Vict. c.55) meant each burgh was now united as a single body corporate for police and municipal purposes.
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The first police burghs were created under the Burgh Police (Scotland) Act, 1833 (3 & 4 Wm IV c.46). This act enabled existing royal burghs, burghs of regality, and burghs of barony to adopt powers of paving, lighting, cleansing, watching, supplying with water and improving their communities. This preceded the Municipal Corporations Act 1835, which introduced a similar reform in England and Wales, by two years.
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The ancient lands of Willowyard, Willieyeards, Williyard or Willizeards were part of the holdings of the Regality of Kilwinning, Barony of Beith, and Bailiary of Cuninghame. They later became the property of the Montgomerie family before being sold to the Simson family in 1723. The manor house still survives as part of a business premises and the nearby industrial estate and whisky bond carry the name 'Willowyards'.
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On 2 January 1574 Boyd obtained from Morton charters of the offices of Bailiary and Justiciary of the regality of Glasgow for himself and his heirs, cites Reg. Mag. Sig., vol. iii. p. 2407. having in the previous November forcibly ejected Sir John Stewart. cites Dictionary of National Biography The same year he was appointed a Commissioner for musters in the Bailiary of Cunningham.
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The lands of Marshalland, Marsheland,Dobie (1896), Page 191 MarsheylandThomson's Map Retrieved : 2013--06-25 or Marshyland were part of the holdings of the Barony of Beith, Regality of Kilwinning and Bailiary of Cuninghame. They became the property of the Lyle family, then the Shedden family, passing next to the Spier's family before finally becoming part of the Spier's Trust lands. The laird's house and farm were demolished in the 1960s.
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He was also the Lord of Regality of Tczew, Nowe County and Kiszewskie, Lord of Starogard Gdański, Rabelnaw, Robaw, Pancze, Wonental, Szwarczenwalt, Weisenwalt, Moealwalt, Landesende, Turze, and Swierczyn in Pomerelia, and Lord of Gniew.Seweryn Uruski, Rodzina, Herbarz szlachty polskiej, T.5, page 344 (electronic p. 348) Jan z Jani's origin was from a Dutch noble familyKarol Górski, Studia i szkice z dziejów Państwa Krzyżackiego, Olsztyn 1986, , str. 2 (str.
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Authoritarian personality theory is equated to regality theory, particularly at the regal level. An authoritarian personality would entail an individual having attitudes depicted as belief of absolute obedience/submission to authority. This is submission is or belief in submission is accomplished via the oppression of those not in power (typical members of the social group) by the centralized authority. It is currently understood in two sections based on two identified worldview.
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The burgrave was a "count" in rank (German Graf, Latin comes) equipped with judicial powers, under the direct authority of the Emperor or King, or of a territorial imperial state—a prince-bishop or territorial lord. The responsibilities were administrative, military and jurisdictional. A burgrave, who ruled over a substantially large territory, may also have possessed the regality of coinage, and could mint his own regional coins (see silver bracteates).
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Montgomerieston, sometimes known as Montgomeryston (NGR NS 333 220) or Ayr Fort, was a small burgh of regality and baronyDunlop, Page 44 of only 16 acres or 6.5 hectaresAA&NHS;, Page 16 located within the walls of the old Ayr Citadel, also known as Cromwell's Fort or Oliver's Fort, situated in the town of Ayr, South Ayrshire, Scotland. Montgomerieston was named for the Montgomerie family, Earls of Eglinton.
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Trearne Quarry looking north. Trearne Quarry looking south over the site of the chapel and well. The Knights Templar had owned considerable lands and properties in the bailiary of Cunninghame, regality of Kilwinning and in the early 17th century, Robert Montgomerie acquired the rights to these Templelands from the Sandilands family of Calder, the Lords Torphichen and thus became the feudal superior. He also had the lands of the bailiary of Kyle Stewart.
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Merrylee and the surrounding lands of Newlands were dedicated to agricultural use until the late 19th century. A notice from the Glasgow Herald of 28th July 1820 describes the "Farm of Newlands and Merrylee" with 124 acres available to let. Merrylee House was a mansion built in 1855 for Glasgow businessman Thomas Hill, Registrar of Sasines for the Regality of Glasgow, who was responsible for recording ownership of properties within the city.
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Duke's early career was mentored by Switch (who has produced for Beyoncé, M.I.A., Santigold) and he made his name remixing pop songs, including Lily Allen's "The Fear", Mystery Jets' "Two Doors Down" and Bat for Lashes' "Daniel". In March 2007, he released his first EP, the Regality EP for Turbo Recordings which was followed in August 2008 by The Dominion Dubs EP on Dubsided. Duke mixed the 2010 FabricLive.51 compilation album for Fabric.
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This is the book that breaks down the theory of regal and kungic soocietal structures in the greatest detail under the name of "regality theory". This book, published in 2017, is meant to explore the regal and kungic conditions to understand how collective dangers (real or perceived) impact the psychological dispositions of social group members that lead to the preference for conditions of strong leadership and hierarchy or for egalitarian, peaceful social systems.
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Grant became a Burgess of Elgin in 1689 and of Edinburgh in 1695. In 1700 he was bailie in the regality of Grant. He was Commissary justiciary for the Highlands in 1701 and 1702. In 1702 he was returned as Shire Commissioner for Inverness-shire. He was Sheriff of Inverness from 1703 to 1717. In 1706 he was a Commissioner of the Scottish Exchequer and one of the Commissioners for the Union with England.
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War and intergroup conflict is a strong evolutionary factor. The so-called regality theory describes how human psychological traits are responding to either a hostile or a peaceful environment. Humans show authoritarian reactions and preferences for a strong leader in case of war or perceived collective danger. The evolutionary function of this so-called regal reaction is that it allows a strong leader to solve the collective action problem in war and suppress free riding.
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These lands were passed to Helen, daughter of Robert Lord Boyd, in her pure, spotless, and inviolate virginity and were held by her for life, the feu for the property passing to the abbot and convent of Kilwinning.AWAS (1882), p. 184 Blaeu's map of Timothy Pont's survey marks the property as 'Williezeards'. In 1559 Hugh Montgomery of Hessilhead held the lands of old extent of Williyard, in the parish of Beith and regality of Kilwinning.
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Replicas of the early thrones of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong and his consort, the Raja Permaisuri Agong, National History Museum, Kuala Lumpur The throne at Istana Negara's Balairong Seri (Throne Room) is crafted and structured to blend motifs from the peninsula as well as Sabah and Sarawak. The motifs are coloured gold, to add regality and an imperial aura to the throne, and all the designs point upwards to indicate that all beings are created by Allah.
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A history of threats, such as natural disasters, high population density, or vulnerability to infectious diseases, is associated with greater tightness. It has been suggested that tightness allows cultures to coordinate more effectively to survive threats. Studies in evolutionary psychology have led to similar findings. The so-called regality theory finds that war and other perceived collective dangers have a profound influence on both the psychology of individuals and on the social structure and cultural values.
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Each toft stretched back from the street to a perimeter dyke and formed a private close (from Old French clos), meaning an enclosed yard. A separate, contiguous burgh of regality held by the Abbey of Holyrood developed to the east as the burgh of Canongate. Edinburgh was largely in English hands from 1291 to 1314 and from 1333 to 1341, during the Wars of Scottish Independence. The English nobleman, Lord Basset was made Governor of Edinburgh Castle in 1291.
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Evelix Farmhouse regality Court-House and gallows tree in the parish of Dornoch. According to the farmer at Evelix the gallows tree stood until recently in a niche in a wall nearby.RCAHMS Canmore archaeology site The Victoria Bridge, Crathie and Braemar in Aberdeenshire has an old Scots pine tree that stands on the south side of the road leading to Mar Lodge, and to the west of the bridge. This was traditionally the gallows tree for the barony.
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By this theory of regality, under harsh or hostile environmental conditions, the regal reaction is anticipated. It is the societal pattern that the term "warlike" is referring to. Individuals that live in these settings are likely to prefer an organization where there is a strong leader that is perceived as adequate enough to handle collective danger, whether it is real or perceived. This leadership based condition would then address what is known as the collective action problem.
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This building was reformed as a post-Dissolution secular residence of Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, who used it as a vice-regal palace. Brandon was King Henry VIII's vice-regent in Lincolnshire in the wake of the Lincolnshire Rising.Everson, P and Stocker, D 2003. ‘The archaeology of vice-regality: Charles Brandon’s brief rule in Lincolnshire’ in eds David Gaimster and Roberta Gilchrist, The Archaeology of Reformation c 1480-1580, Society for Post-Medieval Archaeology monograph 1, 145-58.
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However the Baronetcy of Moncreiffe passed to John's brother. In 1685, a second Moncreiffe baronetcy was created in which Thomas, now the fourteenth Laird was himself created a baronet by James II of England and VII of Scotland. Thomas later became Clerk of Exchequer in Scotland and baillie of the Regality of St Andrews. He commissioned a new seat at Moncreiffe which was the first major country house to be completed by Sir William Bruce in 1679.
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The lands on which the hospital was built were named St Ninian's Croft. They were later incorporated into Hutchesontown. After the Protestant Reformation, in 1579 the church granted the land for ground rents (feued the land) to Sir George Elphinstone, a merchant who was Provost of Glasgow (1600–1606). The barony and regality of the Gorbals was confirmed in 1606 by a charter of King James VI, which vested Elphinstone's son, also George, and his descendants.
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He was appointed admiral depute and bailie depute for the regality of Sutherland by 1711 and became Chamberlain of Ross in 1715. He took command of a regiment of Sutherland clansmen to resist the 1715 Jacobite rebellion. For his efforts, his father obtained for Strathnaver a pension of £500 a year, but it was not approved until 1717, when he received a grant of £1,250 from royal bounty to make up the arrears. Strathnaver became sheriff of Inverness in 1718.
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During the Easter celebration in 1028, Henry received regality from the hands of his father with consent of the princes and was vested with the duchies of Bavaria and Swabia. Conrad temporarily had evolved plans to marry his son with Zoe Porphyrogenita, a daughter of the Byzantine Emperor Constantine VIII. Nevertheless, after these ambitions had failed, Gunhilda and Henry were finally betrothed at Pentecost 1035 in Bamberg and married one year later in Nijmegen. Upon her wedding, she took the German name Kunigunde.
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Although the Grants were Protestants, they joined James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose during the Scottish Civil War in the 1640s. The name of the castle changed from Freuchie Castle to Castle Grant in 1694 when the lands were made into the regality of Grant. Ludovick Grant, the eighth laird, supported the Hanoverians against the Stewarts and fought against the Jacobites in both the Jacobite rising of 1715 and the Jacobite rising of 1745. However Castle Grant was occupied by the Jacobites.
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Zdzisława Biegańskiego i Włodzimierza Jastrzębskiego. Bydgoszcz 1998 Together with Szarlejski, Jan z Jani raised army units in Pomerania during Thirteen Years' War (1454–66) and the conflict with Teutonic Knights. He also cooperated with another member of the Clan of Ostoja, Stibor of Poniec, Lord of Regality of Greater Poland and the renowned diplomatAntoni Eckstein, Historia Ponieca do połowy XVI wieku, Roczniki Historyczne, T.II, str.92, IH PAN, 1926 in order to raise funds to attack Malbork, the headquarters of the Teutonic Knights.
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The cults of the Italic Junos reflected remarkable theological complexes: regality, military protection and fertility. In Latium are relatively well known the instances of Tibur, Falerii, Laurentum and Lanuvium. At Tibur and Falerii their sacerdos was a male, called pontifex sacrarius, a fact that has been seen as a proof of the relevance of the goddess to the whole society. In both towns she was known as Curitis, the spearholder, an armed protectress.Servius Aen I 17 and 8; Martianus Capella II 149.
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Christian Welzel's human empowerment theory posits that existential security leads to emancipative cultural values and support for a democratic political organization. This is in agreement with theories based on evolutionary psychology. The so-called regality theory finds that people develop a psychological preference for a strong leader and an authoritarian form of government in situations of war or perceived collective danger. On the other hand, people will support egalitarian values and a preference for democracy in situations of peace and safety.
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Omand 2000, p.136. The town, for the first time, had the right to trade with the Low Countries, the Baltic states, England and Northern France. The late 14th century saw David II request a regality charter for Kirkcaldy and nearby hinterland from Dunfermline Abbey for trading purposes within the boundary. By the middle of the 15th century, the town gained independence from the abbey, with the ability to deal with administrative issues and fiscal policies from the passing of feu-ferme status.
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It is important to note that forms of study used to empirically observe regality of a culture are still developing. The most common form seen is to retroactively attempt to find evidence of the regal and kungic designs on studies already completed. Thus, studies particularly designed with instruments to study regal and kungic are somewhat limited. A study was done by taking data of 186 non- industrial societies in the form of a standard cross-cultural sample and ethnographic records that created a sub-sample set.
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In 1662 the earl was given the rights to the manual labour of all the vagrants and temporarily unemployed in Renfrewshire, Ayrshire and Galloway. These individuals were taken to the Earl's Burgh and Regality of Montgomeryston at the Citadel of Ayr where he had a wool factory. The parishes had to support the labourers while they were there and the earl only had to provide food and clothing. The earl's rights lasted for 15 years for the vagrants and five years for the unemployed.
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The martial aspect of these Junos is conspicuous, quite as much as that of fecundity and regality: the first two look strictly interconnected: fertility guaranteed the survival of the community, peaceful and armed. Iuno Curitis is also the tutelary goddess of the curiae and of the new brides, whose hair was combed with the spear called caelibataris hasta as in Rome. In her annual rites at Falerii youths and maiden clad in white bore in procession gifts to the goddess whose image was escorted by her priestesses.
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Many famous movie stars during the 1930s such as Magdalene Dietrich and Mae West at Paramount became the models of wit, intellect and beauty through Banton's elegant costumes. The costumes he made for Dietrich for various movies such as Shanghai Express 1932, and The Scarlet Empress 1934 portray her sharp regality. Retail clothing and accessories inspired by the period costumes of Adrian, Plunkett, Travis Banton, Howard Greer, and others influenced what women wore until war-time restrictions on fabric stopped the flow of lavish costumes from Hollywood.
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Charles Ferme, then minister at the Old Parish, to be its first (and only) principal.(ed.) Thomson, Thomas, Acts and Proceedings of the General Assemblies of the Kirk of Scotland, Church of Scotland General Assembly, Edinburgh, 1845. In 1601, Fraserburgh became a burgh of regality. The college, however, closed only a decade or so after Ferme's arrest on the orders of James VI for taking part in the 1605 General Assembly of Aberdeen, being used again only for a short time in 1647 when King's College, Aberdeen temporarily relocated owing to an outbreak of plague.
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He then pleaded his peerage, which was objected to by the counsel for the Crown, but upon proof being provided his trial was postponed and he was imprisoned on remand in Carlisle Castle, from which he was soon released. Upon the abolition of heritable jurisdictions the following year, he claimed for the privilege of Regality over the lands of Nether Mordington the sum of £300 which was refused. His estates were forfeited. He was unmarried and upon his death the title became dormant, although his sister Mary styled herself 'Baroness Mordington' after his death.
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The conflict began after the monks of the Abbey of Aborath, appointed Alexander Lindsay, Master of Crawford as the "Bailie of the Regality", a position charged with dispensing justice throughout the jurisdiction of the monastery. The monks soon regretted this appointment, as Crawford began quartering large numbers of his men in the abbey, whose behaviour was considered by the monks to be vile and cruel. The monks described the Master of Crawford as "uneasy to convent", and soon dismissed him from his position. In his place they appointed Alexander Ogilvy, 2nd Baron of Inverquharity.
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There is suggestion that archaeological data may also prove regal and kungic societal structures of ancestral populations. Artifacts, by regality theory, reveal in their design whether a researcher is looking at a piece from a kungic society or a regal society. This connection is considered exemplified by the organization of a design. If the design appears uniform and orderly, then is it likely from a regal society in that this condition would have higher value for these styles of detail- this is if one is to believe that identify may be derived form artifact.
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Intergroup conflict and war are the major evolutionary factors thought to make up the collective dangers a social group might encounter. This makes them two evolutionary factors very relevant to regality theory. War and intergroup conflict response is what the psychological dispositions that select for a regal society are theorized to be meant for. A major objective of studying regal and kungic (kalyptic) responses is that one might be able to isolate universal conditions leading to war and intergroup conflict and the needed conditions for peace-building and peace-keeping.
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Considering the study of regality theory among real world human communities is relatively new, studies of regal and kungic level societies amongst non-humans remains basically non-existent and potentially more contentious than at the human level. It would involve utilizing a definition of culture that is not human specific. Defining culture remains a contentious topic across the whole of social sciences. The empirical compromise has been studying patterns of social organization across non-human species that doesn't necessarily require definitive use of a culture definition that allows for the inclusion of non- human species.
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In 1367 Thomas was regranted the earldom, but was stripped of the rights of regality enjoyed by his grandfather. Thomas sold the earldom to Archibald the Grim, Lord of Galloway and Earl of Douglas in 1372. The recreation of the Lordship of Galloway for Archibald the Grim in 1369 had posed some conceptual problems for the earldom, as it fell within the old territories of the lordship. The Douglases were, moreover, much more successful than the Flemings at crushing resistance to the Bruce dynasty in the south-west.
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Malcolm died either in 1363 or sometime shortly before this year, and was succeeded by his grandson Thomas, heir since 1351. Malcolm's successor to the earldom of Wigtown, his grandson Thomas, had grave financial problems and was stripped of the rights of regality given to his grandfather. The recreation of the Lordship of Galloway for Archibald the Grim in 1369 posed some conceptual problems for the earldom, as it fell within the old territories of the lordship. Thomas found himself in grave financial difficulties and sold the earldom to Archibald in 1372.
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Owing to the divine providence evidenced in the city's legendary founding, the Bishop of Durham has always enjoyed the title "Bishop by Divine Providence"The Forms of Precidents of the Catholic Church as contained in the Catholic Encyclopaedia (1919) as opposed to other bishops, who are "Bishop by Divine Permission". However, as the north-east of England lay so far from Westminster, the bishops of Durham enjoyed extraordinary powers such as the ability to hold their own parliament, raise their own armies, appoint their own sheriffs and Justices, administer their own laws, levy taxes and customs duties, create fairs and markets, issue charters, salvage shipwrecks, collect revenue from mines, administer the forests and mint their own coins. So far- reaching were the bishop's powers that the steward of Bishop Antony Bek commented in 1299 AD: "There are two kings in England, namely the Lord King of England, wearing a crown in sign of his regality and the Lord Bishop of Durham wearing a mitre in place of a crown, in sign of his regality in the diocese of Durham".As stated in Liddy, Christian D. (2008) The Bishopric of Durham in the Late Middle Ages: Lordship, Community and the Cult of St. Cuthbert.
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His steadfast opposition to the German demands of surrender was important for the fighting spirit of the Norwegian population. The constitutional powers granted to the King in the Norwegian monarchial system made his position very important and enabled the government in exile to continue its work with the utmost legitimacy. After the war the Norwegian royal house succeeded in maintaining a balance between regality and approachability. King Olav V was deemed the people's king and the spontaneous show of mourning from the population upon his death in 1991 demonstrated the high standing he had among the Norwegian people.
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Cellardyke was formerly known as Nether Kilrenny (Scots for Lower Kilrenny) or Sillerdyke, and the harbour as Skinfast Haven, a name which can still be found on maps today. The harbour was built in the 16th century and was rebuilt in 1829-31. The modern name of the town is thought to have evolved from Sillerdykes (Eng: silverwalls), a reference to the sun glinting off fish scales encrusted on fishing nets left to dry in the sun on the dykes around the harbour. Cellardyke and Kilrenny were together a royal burgh from 1592, having been a burgh of regality since 1578.
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Fog has also developed some forms of computer modeling that are meant to model some elements of cultural patterns. He developed this regal and kungic societal patterning theory through the 1990s to the 2010s, but the term "regality theory" is directly used in his 2017 work, Warlike and Peaceful Societies: the Interaction of Genes and Culture. However, first versions of the regal and kungic society theory by Fog are present in his book, Cultural Selection, which was published in 1999. In it, he uses the terms "regal" and "kungic" or "kalyptic" in the identical fashion as his 2017 book.
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A woman, perhaps Juno Lucina, goddess of childbirth, presents the goddess of love, Aphrodite (Roman Venus) with the beautiful infant Adonis. Part of the following sections is based on the article by Geneviève Dury Moyaers and Marcel Renard "Aperçu critique des travaux relatifs au culte de Junon" in Aufstieg und Niedergang der Römische Welt 1981 p. 142-202. The rites of the month of February and the Nonae Caprotinae of July 5 offer a depiction of Juno's roles in the spheres of fertility, war, and regality. In the Roman calendar, February is a month of universal purification, and begins the new year.
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The Act of Union in 1707 largely persevered the distinct Scottish legal system and its courts, separate from English jurisdiction.Anne-Marie Kilday, Women and Violent Crime in Enlightenment Scotland (Boydell & Brewer, 2007), , p. 29. The major reform to Scottish law came as a result of the Heritable Jurisdictions Act 1747, which was part of the government reaction to the Jacobite rising of 1745 and which limited the powers of burgh courts, abolished hereditary offices and made the barony and regality courts obsolete, strengthening the reach of the central judicial courts.Kilday, Women and Violent Crime in Enlightenment Scotland, p. 31.
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The oldest earldoms in Scotland (with the exception of the Earldom of Dunbar and March) originated from the office of mormaer, such as the Mormaer of Fife, of Strathearn, etc.; subsequent earldoms developed by analogy. The principal distinction between earldom and mormaer is that earldoms were granted as fiefs of the King, while mormaers were virtually independent. The earl is thought to have been introduced by the anglophile king David I. While the power attached to the office of earl was swept away in England by the Norman Conquest, in Scotland earldoms retained substantial powers, such as regality throughout the Middle Ages.
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It started as a Sheikdom of Dedan, which developed into the Kingdom of Lihyan tribe.The State of Lihyan: A New Perspective – p. 192 The earliest attestation of state regality, King of Lihyan, was in the mid-sixth century BC.J. Schiettecatte: The political map of Arabia and the Middle East in the third century AD revealed by a Sabaean inscription – p. 183 The second stage of the kingdom saw the transformation of Dedan from a mere city-state of which only influence they exerted was inside their city walls, to a kingdom that encompass much wider domain that marked the pinnacle of Lihyan civilization.
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His steadfast opposition to the German demands of surrender was important for the fighting spirit of the Norwegian population. The constitutional powers granted to the King in the Norwegian monarchical system made his position very important and enabled the government in exile to continue its work with the utmost legitimacy. After the war the Norwegian royal house succeeded in maintaining a balance between regality and approachability. King Olav V was deemed the people's king and the spontaneous show of mourning from the population upon his death in 1991 demonstrated the high standing he had among the Norwegian people.
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In the 10th and 11th century the Duchy of Bohemia, together with Moravia (the Margraviate of Moravia from 1182 on), and Kłodzko Land were consolidated under the ruling Přemyslid dynasty. Duke Ottokar I of Bohemia gained the hereditary royal title to the Duchy of Bohemia in 1198, from the German (anti)−king Philip of Swabia, for his support. Along with the title, Philip also raised the duchy to the Kingdom of Bohemia rank. The regality was ultimately confirmed by Philip's nephew the German king Frederick II, later the Holy Roman Emperor (1220−1250), in the Golden Bull of Sicily issued in 1212.
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11 The effigy was decorated with the royal symbols, including: "a rich Suit of uncut Velvet ... laced with a rich gold lace, and furr'd with Ermins; upon the Kirtle is the Royal large Robe of the like Purple Velvet laced, and fur'd with Ermins, with rich strings, and tassels of gold ... upon his head, the Cap of Regality of Purple Velvet, furr'd with Ermins ... upon the Cushion of the Chair stands the Imperial Crown set with stones."Fitzgibbons 2008, p. 12 The elaborate funeral procession, delayed twice by hesitant preparations, made its way through London on 23 November 1658.
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The couple had two sons, Thomas, who inherited and William. Thomas Nevin, sixth laird, died without children; in 1680 he had inherited the lands of Gooslone, Gaitmuirland, Bannoch, Eister and Wester Monkridding, and Corshill, together with the manor place of Monkridding, with houses, coals, coalheugh, etc. and the land of Hallerhill of Lyleston, with houses and the land of old extent of Colcraig, with houses. William, seventh and last Nevin laird, inherited from his brother, Monkredding and its estate with the teinds parsonage and vicarage, all lying in the parish and regality of Kilwinning, bailliary of Cunningham and shire of Ayr, from his brother in 1693.
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The Lihyanite kingdom went through three different stages, the early phase of Lihyan Kingdom was around the end of the 7th century BC, started as a Sheikdom of Dedan then developed into the Kingdom of Lihyan tribe. The earliest attestation of state regality, King of Lihyan, was in the mid-sixth century BC.J. Schiettecatte: The political map of Arabia and the Middle East in the third century AD revealed by a Sabaean inscription - p. 183 Based on current chronological scheme, it is in the early stage of Lihyan (i.e., Dedanite period) that the Lihyanite writing system (similar to the Thamudic script, and consisting of 28 letters) emerged.
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Making Slains Castle the chief centre for landing Jacobite secret agents, she had an implied understanding with the naval officer patrolling the coast of Buchan to let her know when his ship was passing off Slains. Once landed at Slains, they were hurried inland to another of her strongholds, Delgatie Castle, with its hidey-holes and secret passage. She used Jamie Fleeman, the Laird of Udny's fool, as a messenger to contact Jacobite rebels when they were in hiding as he was able to roam unquestioned around the countryside. In 1747, under the Heritable Jurisdictions (Scotland) Act 1746 which abolished heritable jurisdictions, she received £1,200 for the regality of Slains.
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It was an ancient fermtoun which was mentioned in the Glasgow Protocols and had many entries in the rental book of the Bishopric of Glasgow in the Middle Ages - . Like the other parts of the district it was part of the Barony and Regality of Glasgow and from about 1600, also of the parish of Old Monkland. The first coal mined in the Baillieston district was in the Barrachnie pit. The etymology of the name is not easy as it has appeared under many configurations and its evolution to the present form is difficult to understand as it is pronounced "Brachney" - just as it was in the 15th. century.
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Linton was raised to a Burgh of Regality in 1631, with the right to hold fairs and markets. The importance of droving and the markets reached their zenith in the early years of the nineteenth century, when upwards of 30,000 sheep would be sold annually, including the famous Linton breed. The markets at Linton were considered the largest in Scotland and were widely referred to as an expression for any gathering of a large size: "big as a Linton Market." West Linton had two therapeutic wells, the waters of which were sold on market days for either a penny or a half penny, depending on the well.
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There have been three baronetcies created for people with the surname Riddell, one in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia, one in the Baronetage of Great Britain and one in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. As of 2014 one creation is extant. The Riddell Baronetcy, of Riddell in the County of Roxburgh, was created in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia on 14 May 1628 for John Riddell. Sir John Riddell's lands were erected into the barony and regality of New Riddell. Sir John’s third son, William, was knighted by Charles I and later served in the Eighty Years' War also known as the Netherlands' War of Independence.
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At any rate, Cantabria and the rest of what would be called Asturias merged as one realm. After the Battle of Covadonga, in which Pelayo avoided defeat by the larger invading force, and managed to dislodge its governor Munuza altogether from Asturias, it seems likely that Peter sent his son to the court of Pelayo at Cangas de Onís. It had been a Visigothic practice to send noble children to the royal court, this was thus a tacit admission of Pelayo's regality. According to the Crónica Albeldense, the territories of the two leaders were united by marriage between Peter's son Alfonso and Pelayo's daughter Ermesinda: :Adefonsus, Pelagi gener, reg. an. XVIIII.
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The status is now chiefly ceremonial but various functions have been inherited by current Councils (e.g. the application of various endowments providing for public benefit) which might only apply within the area previously served by a burgh; in consequence a burgh can still exist (if only as a defined geographical area) and might still be signed as such by the current local authority. The word 'burgh' is generally not used as a synonym for 'town' or 'city' in everyday speech, but is reserved mostly for government and administrative purposes. Historically, the most important burghs were royal burghs, followed by burghs of regality and burghs of barony.
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C. Vernon Coleman II of XXL opined that Ma "puts a new spin on an old classic", writing that "Austin chops the R&B; track into something more suitable to spit over, and Rem takes the opportunity to talk a little greasy". Eric Skelton of Complex thinks that the song shows Ma's "catchier, more radio- friendly side". Jasmine Grant of VH1 described the song as "a ladies anthem and '90s tribute all wrapped into one", and wrote that Brown is "the perfect selection for the catchy hook". Will Lavin of Joe felt that Ma and Brown "have created an ode to the regality of brown skin".
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Ayr citadel, later called the Fort, was constructed by Oliver Cromwell in 1652 with stones taken from the Earl's castle at Ardrossan. It occupied an area of about 12 acres, on a hexagonal ground plan, with bastions at the angles, and enclosed the church of St John the Baptist, converted by Cromwell into an armoury and guard-room. After Cromwell's time it was dismantled and the ground it occupied, together with its buildings, presented to the Earl of Eglinton as compensation for losses sustained during the Great Rebellion. Renamed Montgomerystown, it was created a burgh of regality, and became the seat of a considerable trade, including a family owned brewery.
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In both legends the tunics of the girls soiled by blood became the flag of the contrada, where the white of the dress indicates the purity of the girl, while the red of the blood her regality of mind. The contrada proposes in its banner, in addition to the white and red colors, the reference to a radiant eight-pointed sun and a trigram with Gothic characters bearing the writing (Latin abbreviation corresponding to "Noster Bernardinus Sanctus"; in English it is translated as "our saint Bernardino"). This coat of arms is connected to the tablet that St. Bernardino presented to believers after his homilies.
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112 In the view of Ann Williams, "though he accepted West Saxon overlordship, Æthelred behaved rather as a king of Mercia than an ealdorman", and Charles Insley states that Mercia remained an independent kingdom until 920.Insley, "Southumbria", pp. 329–330 To the Welsh and Irish looking east, Mercian rulers still kept all their old regality until Æthelflæd's death in 918, and Nick Higham argues that: "Celtic visions of Æthelred and Æthelflæd as king and queen certainly offer a different, and equally valid, contemporary take on the complex politics of this transition to a new English state."Charles-Edwards, Wales and the Britons, p.
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He took part in the trial of William Ruthven, 1st Earl of Gowrie in May 1584, and after the earl's forfeiture, received from the king the barony and regality of Scone and the church lands of Abernethy. With the king and Arran he was seized in Stirling Castle by the banished lords on 1 November, and for a short time was committed to the charge of Lord Hamilton at Kinneil. Isobel Morris, a servant of Helen Huntar, the wife of Alan Lentroun in St Andrews, stated that the "Lord of Crawfurd" was in bed with Huntar when Lentroun returned from his voyages in 1585. She was also said to have committed adultery with the earl's brother, Alexander Lindsay.
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Historically, the term shire is somewhat misleading, as it must not be confused with an English county. In medieval Latin, the latter was referred to as a comitatus, which prior to 1889 a Scottish shire had never been. In Scotland, the comitatus was in fact the region controlled as a Lordship (as opposed, for example, to a Lairdship), such as a mormaerdom, or an early Earldom, and typically survived as a regality (though this is a broader term encompassing also more junior authority). Shire instead came into use, in Scotland, to refer to the region in which a particular sheriff operated; in Scottish medieval Latin this was sometimes called the vice-comitatus.
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The MacLeans were an ancient family based in Lorn (including Mull), and following the quitclaim, they no longer had a Laird in Mull, so themselves became Mull's Lairds. Unlike the MacDonalds, they were fervent supporters of the Reformation, even supporting acts of civil disobedience against king Charles II's repudiation of the Solemn League and Covenant. Archibald Campbell (Earl of Argyll) was instructed by the privy council to seize Mull, and suppress the non-conformist behaviour; by 1680 he gained possession of the island, and transferred shrieval authority to the sheriff of Argyll. In 1746, following Jacobite insurrections, the Heritable Jurisdictions Act abolished regality, and forbade the position of sheriff from being inherited.
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James Maitland was born the eldest son of Charles Maitland, 6th Earl of Lauderdale (the second but eldest surviving son of John Maitland, 5th Earl of Lauderdale and Lady Margaret Cunningham) and Lady Elizabeth Ogilvy, daughter of James Ogilvy, 4th Earl of Findlater and Anne Dunbar. He served for twenty-five years in the army; and was appointed Lieutenant-colonel of the 16th Regiment of Foot on 20 September 1745. He resigned his commission upon the promotion of a junior officer above him. He was also unlucky under the Heritable Jurisdictions (Scotland) Act 1746 which abolished heritable jurisdictions, when he got for the Regality of Thirlestane and bailiary of Lauderdale £1000, instead of the £8000 he claimed.
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The study utilized various statistical methods and was retroactively performed on data from explorers of the 19th and 20th centuries. Exploratory factor analysis, structural equation modeling, and multiple correlation analysis were all run on this data and found that cultural variables such as political integration, sex morals, trends in autonomy, class stratification, and high gods, are correlated with intergroup conflict in the directions that regality theory would predicts. Studies that are considered related to this are studies that look that also attempt to isolate the relationship of cultural variables to collective dangers. Variations of factorial analyses appear to be most common statistical method that might be applied to regal and kungic society studies.
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Scarisbrick largely kept Elton's regard for Cromwell's abilities, but returned agency to Henry, who Scarisbrick considered to have ultimately directed and shaped policy. For Scarisbrick, Henry was a formidable, captivating man who "wore regality with a splendid conviction". The effect of endowing Henry with this ability, however, was largely negative in Scarisbrick's eyes: to Scarisbrick the Henrician period was one of upheaval and destruction and those in charge worthy of blame more than praise. Even among more recent biographers, including David Loades, David Starkey and John Guy, there has ultimately been little consensus on the extent to which Henry was responsible for the changes he oversaw or the correct assessment of those he did bring about.
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However, King Wenceslaus at first failed to gain Polish regality, as Przemysł II became High Duke and was crowned in 1295 by Archbishop Jakub Świnka of Gniezno—the first Polish king after the deposition of Bolesław II the Bold in 1079. When Przemysł II was killed in 1296, Wenceslaus II again took the chance, assumed the title of a High Duke, married Przemysł's daughter Elisabeth Richeza and finally was crowned Polish king by Archbishop Jakub Świnka in 1300. In 1305 King Wenceslaus II died and his son Wenceslaus III, the last Přemyslid ruler, was murdered in the following year. The Polish sovereignty turned again to the Piast dynasty, when Władysław I the Elbow-high began to unite the kingdom under his rule.
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Dalgarnock, Dalgarno, Dalgarnoc was an ancient parish and a once considerable sized village in the Nithsdale area of Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland, south of Sanquhar and north of Dumfries that enclosed the parish of Closeburn but was annexed to Closeburn in 1606 following the Reformation, separated again in 1648 and finally re-united in 1697, as part of the process that established the Presbyterian Church of Scotland. It was a burgh of regality bordering the River Nith and Cample Water and held a popular market-tryst or fair from medieval times until 1601 when the Earl of Queensberry had them transferred to Thornhill, commemorated in song by Robert Burns, shortly before its demise and now only a remote churchyard remains at a once busy site.
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Seal of Alexander Bur There was no dominant potentate in Moray during the 12th and 13th centuries and the bishops ruled their territories with a great deal of independence, but this ended when King Robert I of Scotland elevated his nephew Thomas Randolph to the Earldom of Moray sometime between 12 April and 29 October 1312.Grant, Moray: Province and People, p.145Duncan,Thomas Randolph, ODNB The Randolph family did not hold the Earldom for long and it reverted to the crown on the death of Thomas's son John, in 1346, and lay vacant for the next 26 years. In 1365 bishop Bur persuaded David II that his lands in Badenoch and Strathspey should be governed as if in regality.
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In medieval Latin, the latter was referred to as a comitatus, which is Scotland was the region controlled as a province or lordship (as opposed, for example, to a Lairdship), such as a mormaerdom, or an early Earldom, and typically survived as a regality (though this is a broader term encompassing also more junior authority). Shire instead came into use, in Scotland, to refer to the region in which a particular sheriff operated; in Scottish medieval Latin this was sometimes called the vice-comitatus. Malcolm III appears to have introduced sheriffs as part of a policy of replacing native "Celtic" forms of government with Anglo Saxon and Norman feudal structures.John of Fordun wrote that Malcolm II introduced the shire to Scotland and also the thane class.
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Swallow first saw sketches of the costume a few weeks before filming began, and she said "my breath was taken away", adding: "I feel like it's one of the most amazing combinations of elegant and powerful that I've ever seen in a costume." The costume was designed to give the character a sense of regality and communicate her position of leadership and authority over the other Mandalorians. Pedro Pascal, the actor who plays the title character on The Mandalorian, jokingly said upon first seeing the Armorer's costume on set: "Wait a minute, why does she get to look so much cooler?" However, Swallow has said the experience of wearing the costume is "not nearly as dignified as it translates on film".
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Cuthbertson, Page 56 The seaward side of the fortifications were kept, possibly for use as a battery should the need arise.Dodd, Page 333 After the restoration of the monarchy under King Charles II these citadels were erected as burghs. As recompense for the losses incurred by the Earl of Eglinton through his support of King Charles I the citadel at Ayr, as a burgh of regality and barony was given to the 7th Earl, Hugh who christened it 'Montgomerieston' after his family's name. An additional reason for the gift to the Montgomerie family was that as Barons of Ardrossan much of their castle at Ardrossan had been dismantled and shipped to Ayr to supply stone to build the citadel in the first place.
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King David I The Benedictine Abbey of the Holy Trinity and St Margaret, was founded in 1128 by King David I of Scotland, but the monastic establishment was based on an earlier foundation dating back to the reign of his father King Máel Coluim mac Donnchada, i. e. "Malcolm III" or "Malcolm Canmore" (regnat 1058-93), and his queen, St Margaret of Scotland. At its head was the Abbot of Dunfermline, the first of which was Geoffrey of Canterbury, former Prior of Christ Church, Canterbury, the Kent monastery that probably supplied Dunfermline's first monks. At the peak of its power it controlled four burghs, three courts of regality, and a large portfolio of lands from Moray in the north south to Berwickshire.
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Brett Elston of GamesRadar+ proclaimed that "if any 8-bit song could take you on a journey, this is it. From its modest, almost hobbit-like opening to its soaring jig halfway through, the title screen music tramples over all other NES music." He additionally described the game's primary background track as "considerably more mellow but no less proficient and listenable", and preferred its presence as in-game music "because there's no way I could play ANYTHING with that title screen going nuts". Nate Andrews of Nintendo World Report said that "the regality of the opening track provides a fantastic build up for the ensuing blast, which nearly forces you to take a knee under its spectacle before dropping into extended, kicking jig, then moving into the rest of the prog-y soundtrack".
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Early entremets usually consisted of nothing more complicated than frumenty, a type of grain porridge, colored with saffron or egg yolk. Entremets (; ; from Old French, literally meaning "between servings") in French cuisine historically referred to small dishes served between courses but in modern times more commonly refers to a type of dessert. By the end of the Middle Ages, it had evolved almost entirely into dinner entertainment in the form of inedible ornaments or acted performances, often packed with symbolism of power and regality. In English it was more commonly known as a subtlety (also sotelty or soteltie) and did not include acted entertainment, but most famously did have live blackbirds flying out of a pie, a scene immortalized in the folk song Sing a Song of Sixpence.
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The Theory of Regal and Kungic Societal Structures, alternatively known as Regality Theory, is an evolutionarily based theory that attempts to explain the cultural dimensions for which members of a social group will select based on the psychological responses resulting from their surrounding environmental or ecological setting. The theory suggests that a harsh or hostile environment will lead to the regal (warlike) societal structure or regal reaction, while a secure and safe environment is expected to lead to the kungic (kalyptic; peaceful) societal structure or kungic reaction. Both of these societal designs may be impacted by other groups designs, and the proximity of one group to another group. In addressing these psychological response effects on cultural constructions, the theory applies at the individual-level and social group-level.
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George Lauder was Provost of Edinburgh in 1413, 1426/7, and 1430. The Charters and other Documents relating to the City of Edinburgh (Edinburgh 1871) refer to a grant by Sir Robert Logan of Restalrig to the Community of Edinburgh dated 27 February 1413/4 and states "there being present noble men, George de Lawedre, then Provost of the said Burgh....". Like his father, who had been Constable of Tantallon Castle, he was a Douglas adherent, and with others, is a witness to a charter of reconfirmation by Archibald Douglas Earl of Wigtoun & Longueville of a previous charter by Archibald Douglas, 3rd Earl of Douglas to the monastery of Melrose of the Regality of Eskdalemuir, on 16 January 1418. George was also Custumar of North Berwick until 1426.
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The area was originally part of the Parish of Old Monkland, and also of the Barony and Regality of Glasgow. From at least the Middle Ages, the rental book of the Diocese of Glasgow records it as Windy Edge or variations thereof – AD 1526, Jame Browyn rentalit in vs xd land in the Wyndy Hege. In 1742 a Glasgow merchant named Robert Boyd purchased the 'Old Extent of Windyedge' and renamed it Mount Vernon, in honour of Admiral Edward Vernon of the Royal Navy who was famous at that time for his expedition against the Spanish Main. Another Glasgow merchant, George Buchanan, whose family had extensive interests in tobacco trade purchased the land in 1758 and built an extension to the existing house re-modelling it as a country mansion.LXXVI.
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Newmilns became a free Burgh of Barony on 9 January 1490, a privilege bestowed upon George Campbell of Loudoun (and consequently the people of Newmilns) by King James IV. This was an important stage in the development of Newmilns as it granted liberties over control of the local economy, the right to elect local Baillies and necessary local government officials and the right to hold weekly markets and annual fairs. Newmilns is Ayrshire's oldest inland burgh, ahead of Auchinleck (1507), Cumnock (1509) Mauchline (1510), Kilmaurs (1527) and Kilmarnock (1592). The granting of burgh status is generally recognised by residents of Newmilns as the birth of the town, hence the quincentenary celebrations in 1990. Newmilns was upgraded to a Burgh of Regality in 1707 and became a Police Burgh in 1834.
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Here too Dumézil notes the dedication has to do with regality and not with war, since the rite is in fact the offer of the arms of a king by a king: a proof of such an assumption is provided by the fact that the arms of an enemy king captured by an officer or a common soldier were dedicated to Mars and Quirinus respectively. Iuppiter Stator was first attributed by tradition to Romulus, who had prayed the god for his almighty help at a difficult time the battle with the Sabines of king Titus Tatius.Livy I 12, 4–6. Dumézil opines the action of Jupiter is not that of a god of war who wins through fighting: Jupiter acts by causing an inexplicable change in the morale of the fighters of the two sides.
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Evolutionary psychology is the major discipline that the regal and kungic society theory falls under. Evolutionary psychology focuses on the psychological adaptations thought to be specific to an entire species that are displayed and observed by individuals of the species of focus These psychological adaptations are then suggested to explain elements of culture in that they are linked to cultural structure/patterns (social organization) based on the way that the individuals creating and perpetuating the culture are thinking of their surrounding world, which is considered a worldview. The regal and kungic society theory poses that the social group environment triggers psychological adaptations that are meant to address whatever collective dangers come from that environmental setting. The modeling of this regality theory is also attributed to evolutionary game theory and life history theory (in a biological lens).
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The Armorer costume is predominantly red body armor, along with a gold helmet punctuated with tiny horn-like spikes. The helmet has a T-shaped visor similar to those of all Mandalorians, as first featured on the popular Star Wars character Boba Fett. However, Vanity Fair writer Anthony Breznican observed that her helmet is more ornate and elegant than those of other Mandalorian characters on the series, which he believed was meant to communicate an aura of leadership and regality. It is stylized more like an ancient Spartan warrior than the others, particularly around the visor. The costume also includes thick red gloves for welding and foundry work, as well as a fur shoulder piece, which Emily Swallow said she liked, but "it sure doesn’t seem very practical for somebody who is surrounded by fire all the time".
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Kain's appearance undergoes "pretty dramatic changes" throughout the games as he ages, but core personality attributes cited by Defiance's developers include his intelligence and cynicism, arrogance and regality, and his defiant nature. In the series' fictional universe, he is described as the guardian of balance, a being responsible for preserving the health and integrity of Nosgoth (the games' setting), but left incapable of realizing this duty due to spiritual corruption that he inherited at birth. The character's transformation into a vampire, and the visceral nature this trait lends the series, was derived from William Shakespeare's classical models: "for the drunken commoners in the front rows he would insert dirty jokes to keep them entertained but for the aristocracy in the balconies he would write very cerebral metaphors". According to Silicon Knights, the graphic violence and vampirism in Blood Omen served as their "dirty jokes", supplemented by a complex story.
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While the festivals of July dealt with untamed nature (woods) and waters (superficial waters the Neptunalia and underground waters the Furrinalia) at a time of danger caused by their relative deficiency, those of August were devoted to the results of human endeavour on nature with the storing of harvested grain (Consualia) and their relationship to human society and regality (Opiconsivia) which at that time were at risk and required protection from the dangers of the excessive strength of the two elements of fire (Vulcanalia) and wind (Vulturnalia) reinforced by dryness.In Dumézil's interpretation the Vulturnalia were associated with the protection of riping grapes from a hot and dry southwestern wind named Vulturnus, not with the river Tiber, as Mommsen had supposed, or Vulturnus of Campania. It is recorded that during the Vulcanalia people used to hang their clothes and fabrics under the sun.Paulinus of Nola Letters XXXII, 139.
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Dunfermline Abbey The Benedictine priory was raised to the rank of an abbey in 1128 by David II, with Prior Geoffrey in place as the first abbot. During the course of several decades, the abbey gained power and wealth in Dunfermline with the dedication of 26 altars being gifted by the individuals and guilds and the bishop of Dunfermline controlled a large piece of land from Moray to Berwickshire close to the English border which included four burghs and three courts of regality. The abbey was also given permission to dig the lands of Pittencrieff in 1291 for the extraction of coal for personal usage on a lease – the oldest record of not only coal mining but also Fife industry benefiting many people who would eventually depend on this livelihood as their source of work in West Fife.Lamont-Brown Fife in History and Legend p.182.
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Symeon of Durham (d. c1130) claimed that the "land beyond the Tweed from the place where rises the river Whiteadder on the north as far as to the place where it falls into the Tweed; and all the land which lies between the river Whiteadder and another river which is called the Leader towards the west; and all the land which lies on the eastern side of that river called the Leader, as far as to the place where it falls into the Tweed towards the south; and all the land which pertains to the monastery of St. Baldred called Tyninghame, from Lammermoor even to Eskmouth, pertains to the land of Lindisfarne."Anderson (1908)p.60-1 King David I of Scotland created a feudal Lordship of Regality of Lauderdale which he awarded to one of his favourites, the Anglo-Norman Hugh de Morville (d.
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5 (Edinburgh, 1908), p.550. Two years later, on 30 June 1371, several charters Thomson, John Maitland, LL.D., editor, The Register of the Great Seal of Scotland 1306 - 1424, New Edition, Edinburgh, 1984, vol.1, were confirmed to Alan de Lauder: in two "Alano de Lawedre, Lord of Whitslaid", had re-confirmed to him by the Crown, the lands of Whytslaid (it is stated that he is already the feudal tenant there), Birkensyde, Legerwood, and Morriston, in Berwickshire, and the lands of Mertoun, Roxburghshire, (Mertoun had been forfeited by Alan le Suche), plus half the lands of the Regality of Lauderdale and half of the fulling mill at Lauder, forfeited by John de Balliol, plus the lands of Newbyggyng in the constabulary of Lauder, with all the liberties and teinds thereof. The first charter was "signed in the ancient manor of Whitslade" at the Feast of John the Baptist.
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This royal ideology of "galactic polity", the "exemplary center" comprising the king (male), his deity (female) and the capital (mandala), from which he rules, all united together as a single all encompassing force of divine high regality. Tachikawa-ryu practices, just as in orthodox Shingon, is aimed at enacting this esoteric union of macrocosmic (female) and microcosmic (male) and through their union create an idealized "utopia", the idealized constructed kingdom of the Godhead (metacosm) with the practitioners as King and Gods, self-made gods, in this case Dainichi Nyorai (大日如来)(Vairocana) (also seen as Amaterasu) itself. (White, 2000) Dakini-ten (荼枳尼天) was worshiped. In Shingon mikkyo, Dakini (荼枳尼) is an "evil" (keeping in mind that such concepts lay in the eye of the beholder), also a trickster or impish like spirit who is an associate of Enma-ten Yama (Hinduism) Yamarāja (यमराज) the god of death.
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The film addresses and subverts stereotypical depictions of Africans and African Americans. Powerhouse Museum senior curator Roger Leong described how "tropes of African identity – the wild animal prints, the ultra, almost Josephine Baker images of the showgirl ... she draws on all these archetypes of black glamour and uses them as statements about black pride". Stylist Zerina Akers put the actors in designer animal print costumes, explaining how she "wanted to turn that [stereotype of Africans' primitive nature] on its head and raise it up to make it feel really high fashion". Janell Hobson of Ms. stated that the "Mood 4 Eva" video is a satirical depiction of black regality and an inversion of classic film tropes, with the presence of white male servants acting as a reversal of the roles in films such as Gone With the Wind and The Help, while Melanie McFarland for Salon wrote that a Busby Berkeley-inspired sequence in the video with black synchronized swimmers highlights how black people were excluded from Hollywood's Golden Age.
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The posthumous execution of Cromwell, on the anniversary of the regicide in 1661, struck the imagination of the Italian writer, and State Secretary of Este court in Modena, Girolamo Graziani who involved himself since then in his Il Cromuele (1671), a tragedy that deals with the theme of the dark cruel tyrant, (Oliver Cromwell) and the violated regality (Charles I of England's martyrdom). The plot is full of historical references as well as love affairs between the characters. One of the earliest novels to feature Cromwell, Abbé Prévost's Le philosophe anglais (1731–39), portrays him as a hypocritical womaniser, a deceitful tyrant, and a coward. The protagonist of this novel, Mr Cleveland, is Cromwell's illegitimate son via one of Charles I's cast-off mistresses. Cromwell’s adoption by the French Romantic movement was typified by Victor Hugo's 1827 play Cromwell, often considered to be symbolic of the French romantic movement, which represents Cromwell as a ruthless yet dynamic Romantic hero. A similar impression of a world-changing individual with a strong will and personality was provided in 1831 in the picture by French artist Hippolyte Delaroche, depicting the visit by Cromwell to the body of Charles I after the king’s execution.
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