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"quaternary" Definitions
  1. of, relating to, or consisting of four units or members
  2. of, relating to, or being a number system with a base of four
  3. of, relating to, or being the geologic period from the end of the Tertiary to the present time or the corresponding system of rocks— see Geologic Time Table
  4. consisting of, containing, or being an atom bonded to four other atoms
  5. the Quaternary period or system of rocks
  6. a member of a group fourth in order or rank

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1000 Sentences With "quaternary"

How to use quaternary in a sentence? Find typical usage patterns (collocations)/phrases/context for "quaternary" and check conjugation/comparative form for "quaternary". Mastering all the usages of "quaternary" from sentence examples published by news publications.

A quaternary mechanism: Fires, toxic gases, burns or crashes can follow.
The outside one's for bodily waste, full of quaternary ammonium compound chemicals.
New research published in Quaternary Science Reviews is adding another trick to the Neanderthal survival guide: healthcare.
Key ingredients to also look for are pine oil, quaternary ammonium compounds, sodium hypochlorite, phenols, and ethanol.
The most effective solutions in killing the virus on surfaces were isopropyl alcohol and quaternary ammonium/alcohol.
The ELT will use five mirrors in total, but so far only the quaternary mirror has been completed.
Forget Jurassic Park—one day, this new fossil could be the start of some sort of Quaternary Park.
Ciochon's research team combined forces with geochronologist and quaternary scientist Kira Westaway's team also working at the site.
I met him in June at a Santa Fe, New Mexico, gathering of scientists focused on the Quaternary Period.
That brings us back to the question: Are these tertiary (or quaternary) advertising options actually viable alongside Facebook and Google?
A study published Tuesday in journal "Open Quaternary" confirmed scientist's suspicions that hyenas roamed the Arctic during the last ice age.
Ryanair has traditionally focused on cities' secondary (and in some cases tertiary and even quaternary) airports, where the cost of operating is cheaper.
This also coincides with the late Quaternary extinction event, a period that lasted from 50,000 to 4,000 years ago, and included dramatic climate shifts.
But these teeth, officially identified Tuesday in the journal Open Quaternary, provide the first evidence that hyenas also lived north of the Arctic Circle.
But 38,000 years ago, people living inside caves in southwest France were doing something similar, according to findings published last month in Quaternary International.
According to a new study, published in the journal Quaternary Science Reviews, the Wrangel Island inhabitants didn't die of the same causes as other mammoths.
A study that summarizes the findings, just published in the Quaternary Science Reviews, says that the researchers found tortoise specimens throughout the cave and at different levels.
By doing so, as they report in the Journal of Quaternary Science, they discovered the ages of 1,649 deposits of the rock, scattered across every continent except Antarctica.
Those mammoths outlived other members of their species by avoiding the environmental factors that led to their extinction, according to a study published in the journal Quaternary Science Reviews.
According to a new climate change report published in Quaternary International, Venice will be underwater within a century if flood defenses aren't installed and the acceleration of global warming isn't curbed.
Previous fossil dating suggested an expiry date at some point between 200,000 and 000,000 years ago, long before the large-scale late Quaternary megafaunal extinction, which got rolling around 40,000 years ago.
The extinction of the Siberian unicorns, therefore, can now be connected to the late Quaternary megafaunal extinction, an event that witnessed the end of the wooly mammoth, Irish elk, and saber-toothed cat.
The study also looked at how effective some common laboratory cleaning chemicals were at killing the virus, including isopropyl alcohol, diluted bleach, quaternary ammonium/alcohol, peracetic acid and pH 4 or pH 10 solutions.
Chlorine bleach and pine oil kill germs but can harm some fabrics, and quaternary formulas used in hospitals are difficult to find, but Lysol's phenolic disinfectant is readily available and appropriate for all washable fabrics.
The mass deaths of Indigenous American peoples 500 years ago—caused by disease and violence spread by European colonizers—was so extreme that it cooled Earth's climate, according to a new study in Quaternary Science Reviews.
A pair of isolated hyena teeth found in the Old Crow Basin of Canada's Yukon Territory shows that hyenas occupied the Arctic during the last Ice Age, according to new research published in the science journal Open Quaternary.
The research, to be published in the March issue of the journal Quaternary Science Reviews, represents an ambitious attempt to show that, through a series of events, human activity was affecting the climate long before the industrial revolution and global warming.
But here in EU-member Slovenia, within the continental climes of folkloric Ljubljana (a petite municipality near Venice on an alluvial plain dating to the Quaternary era), the Americans' art took on oddly gallant, almost fairy tale qualities of transcontinental value.
According to a recent study published in the Journal of Quaternary Science, a now-extinct bear called the cave bear, a close relative of the brown bear, once adhered to a very "strict" vegan diet and that ended up being its undoing.
In a study published on Tuesday in Open Quaternary, researchers from the University at Buffalo identified two teeth that were collected in the Yukon in the 70s as belonging to ancient hyenas, providing a missing link between ancient North American and Eurasian populations.
This region of Greenland, which remember, is today covered in 10,000 feet of ice, was exposed and ice-free as recently as 1.1 million years ago, for at least one chunk of time, and perhaps many, spanning 280,000 years over the Quaternary (the last 2.6 million years of Earth history).
So many people died of disease in the Americas after the arrival of Columbus—fifty-six million, according to the latest research in Quaternary Science Reviews —and so many areas of cleared, cultivated land were abandoned, and thus allowed to reforest, that CO 2 levels were measurably reduced and the planet's temperature lowered.
Böse et al. (2012), Quaternary Glaciations of Northern Europe, Quaternary Science Reviews 44, 1-25.
In enzymology, a quaternary-amine-transporting ATPase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction :ATP + H2O + quaternary amineout \rightleftharpoons ADP + phosphate + quaternary aminein The 3 substrates of this enzyme are ATP, H2O, and quaternary amine, whereas its 3 products are ADP, phosphate, and quaternary amine. This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those acting on acid anhydrides to catalyse transmembrane movement of substances. The systematic name of this enzyme class is ATP phosphohydrolase (quaternary-amine-importing). This enzyme participates in abc transporters - general.
Unlike the ammonium ion () and the primary, secondary, or tertiary ammonium cations, the quaternary ammonium cations are permanently charged, independent of the pH of their solution. Quaternary ammonium salts or quaternary ammonium compounds (called quaternary amines in oilfield parlance) are salts of quaternary ammonium cations. Polyquats are a variety of engineered polymer forms which provide multiple quat molecules within a larger molecule. "Top" view of one view of Bu4N+ as determined by X-ray crystallography.
Quaternary geology is the branch of geology that study developments from 2.6 million years ago onwards. In particular Quaternary geology study the process and deposits that developed during the Quaternary, a period characterized by glacial-interglacial cycles. Quaternary geology has developed over time from being originally a branch of historical geology to becoming a science on its own.
Alkaline copper quaternary, usually abbreviated ACQ, is a type of water-based wood preservative product containing a soluble copper(II) complex and quaternary ammonium alkyl- or aryl-substituted compounds ("quats"). Thus the product was originally called ammoniacal copper/quaternary ammonium.
This image shows the quaternary structure of DAHP synthase. This image shows the quaternary structure of DAHP synthase, with the secondary and tertiary structures illustrated in cartoon form. The quaternary structure of DAHP synthase consists of two tightly bound dimers, which means that DAHP synthase is a tetramer. To the right is an image of DAHP synthase that shows the quaternary structure of DAHP synthase.
Limitations of dinoflagellate cyst transfer functions. Quaternary Science Reviews 25 : 1375-1382. Another late Quaternary application is for environmental goals, more particularly the study of eutrophication .
Primary drainage region F (excluding tertiary drainage region F60), tertiary drainage regions D33, D42 (excluding portions of quaternary catchments D42Cand D42D), D51 to D58, D61, D62, D71 to D73 (excluding quaternary catchment D73A and portions of D73B, D73C, D73D and D73E), D81, D82, and quaternary catchment C92C.
Automated petrography applications in Quaternary Science. Quaternary Australasia, 28(2), 3–12 forensic geosciences;Pirrie, D., Power, M.R., Rollinson, G.K., Wiltshire, P.E.J., Newberry, J., Campbell, H.E. 2005.
2, 1995, pp. 145-153.Hearty, P.J., and D.S. Kaufman, 2000, Whole-Rock Aminostratigraphy and Quaternary Sea-Level History of the Bahamas. Quaternary Research. v. 54, no.
It is now known that the Cromerian consisted of multiple glacial and interglacial periods.Böse et al. (2012), Quaternary Glaciations of Northern Europe, Quaternary Science Reviews 44, 1-25.
YBa2Cu3O7, abbreviated YBCO is a famous quaternary phase. It features four elements: Y, Ba, Cu, and O. In materials chemistry, a quaternary phase is chemical compound containing four elements. Some compounds can be molecular or ionic, examples being chlorodifluoromethane (CHClF2) sodium bicarbonate (NaCO3H). More typically quaternary phase refers to extended solids.
As a result, the Yarmouthian (interglacial), Kansan (glacial), Aftonian (interglacial), and Nebraskan (glacial) nonmenclature was abandoned by Quaternary geologists North America and merged into the Pre-Illinoian Stage.Richmond, G.M. and D.S. Fullerton, 1986, Summation of Quaternary glaciations in the United States of America. Quaternary Science Reviews. vol. 5, pp. 183-196.
Quaternary International is a peer-reviewed scientific journal on Quaternary science published by Elsevier on behalf of the International Union for Quaternary Research. The journal was established in 1989 and covers full spectrum of the physical and natural sciences that are commonly employed in solving Quaternary problems. The editor-in-chief is Min-Te Chen (National Taiwan Ocean University). According to the 2017 Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2016 impact factor of 2.199.
Feathers, James K. and Hill, Christopher L. "Luminescence Dating of Glacial Lake Great Falls, Montana, U.S.A." XVI International Quaternary Association Congress. Stratigraphy and Geochronology Session. International Quaternary Association, Reno, 2003.
The glacial period is named after the White Elster, a right tributary of the Saale.Böse et al. (2012), Quaternary Glaciations of Northern Europe, Quaternary Science Reviews 44, pages 13-23.
Bonn 2006. Ehlers, J. and Gibbard, P.L (Eds.) (2004). Quaternary Glaciations - Extent and Chronology, Part III: South America, Asia, Africa, Australia, Antarctica, Development in Quaternary Science 2; Elsevier B.V., Amsterdam, 1-380. Gupta, S.K., Sharma, P. (1992): On the nature of the ice cap on the Tibetian Plateau during the late Quaternary.
In: Ehlers, J., Gibbard, P.L. (Eds.), Quaternary Glaciation— Extent and Chronology. Part III: South America, Asia, Africa, Australia, Antarctica. Development in Quaternary Science, vol. 2c. Elsevier B.V., Amsterdam, pp. 75–81.
Primary structure is the linear sequence of nucleotides, secondary structure involves small local folding motifs, and tertiary structure is the 3D folded shape of nucleic acid molecule. In general, quaternary structure refers to 3D interactions between multiple subunits. In the case of nucleic acids, quaternary structure refers to interactions between multiple nucleic acid molecules or between nucleic acids and proteins. Nucleic acid quaternary structure is important for understanding DNA, RNA, and gene expression because quaternary structure can impact function.
He was the first chemist to synthesize the quaternary amines. His method of converting an amide into an amine is known as the Hofmann rearrangement. While primary, secondary, and tertiary amines were stable when distilled at high temperatures under alkaline conditions, the quaternary amine was not. Heating quaternary tetraethylammonium hydroxide yielded tertiary triethylamine vapour.
The fault ruptured twice in the Quaternary period, with the early rupture around and the last rupture since glaciation (less than ). The two Quaternary ruptures each elevated the western side by . This is the only fault known to have ruptured twice in the Quaternary period. The fault was discovered by Carey and Newstead in 1960.
Quaternary field trips in Central Europe, International Union for Quaternary Research, XIV International Congress, August 3–19, 1995, Berlin, Germany, Volume 2.Charlesworth, J.K. (1966). The Quaternary Era: With Special Reference to its Glaciation, in Two Volumes (Volumes 1–2) Examples are the Tegernsee, Ammersee, Starnberger See, Lake Constance, Chiemsee, Tollensesee and the Baltic Sea.
Quaternary ammonium compounds are lethal to a wide variety of organisms except endospores, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and non-enveloped viruses. Quaternary ammonium compounds are cationic detergents, as well as disinfectants, and as such can be used to remove organic material. They are very effective in combination with phenols. Quaternary ammonium compounds are deactivated by anionic detergents (including common soaps).
Glaciation took place repeatedly during the Quaternary Ice Age – a term coined by Schimper in 1839 that began with the start of the Quaternary about 2.58 Mya and continues to the present day.
Stiff, B. J., and A.K. Hansel, 2004, Quaternary glaciations in Illinois. in Ehlers, J., and P.L. Gibbard, eds., pp. 71-82, Quaternary Glaciations: Extent and Chronology 2: Part II North America, Elsevier, Amsterdam.
Stiff, B. J., and A.K. Hansel, 2004, Quaternary glaciations in Illinois. in Ehlers, J., and P.L. Gibbard, eds., pp. 71–82, Quaternary Glaciations: Extent and Chronology 2: Part II North America, Elsevier, Amsterdam.
Jamoulle M. About prevention; the Quaternary prevention. UCL. 2008 Jamoulle M. Quaternary prevention, an answer of family doctors to overmedicalization. International Journal of Health Policy and Management. 4-Feb-2015; 4:1–4.
A major problem is that there are a large volume of papers in the area that are related to the Quaternary science while various subjects are involved. That is not conducive for scholars to understand the late Quaternary conditions in the area. The reference guide is designed to organize literatures in relevant disciplines, which is good for scientists to understand the late Quaternary environments easily, while the guide also represents the research progress of Lanzhou University on the late Quaternary environments.
He received the 2015 Distinguished Service Award from the Geological Society. The initial focus of Catt's research at Rothamsted was on the pedogenesis of Quaternary soils, an extension of his PhD research at Hull. His Soils and Quaternary Geology: a handbook for field scientists (1986) intended to provide a "complete guide" to Quaternary sediments for non- Quaternary geologists, although reviewers did not agree that it met this aim, and were particularly critical of its limited geographical scope. In the 1990s, Catt worked on the problem of nomenclature in Quaternary paleopedology, publishing a Paleopedology manual (1990) and chairing a working group on definitions for the IUSS' Paleopedology Commission.
Moraines and till deposited by Quaternary glaciers have contributed to the formation of valuable placer deposits of gold. This is the case of southernmost Chile where rewordking of Quaternary moraines have concentrated gold offshore.
Picea critchfieldii existed on the landscape of North America during and directly preceding the Last Glacial Maximum of the Late Quaternary. Picea critchfieldii is currently the only plant extinction documented from the Late Quaternary period.
Domiphen bromide is a chemical antiseptic and a quaternary ammonium compound.
In Quaternary environmental micropalaeontology (Haslett, S.K., editor), 207-240. Arnold, London.
The field was emplaced during the Quaternary, with possible Holocene activity.
Development in Quaternary Science, Vol. 15 (Quaternary Glaciation - Extent and Chronology, A Closer Look, Eds: Ehlers, J.; Gibbard, P.L.; Hughes, P.D.), 735-738. (Elsevier B.V., Amsterdam).Brüggen, J. (1929): Zur Glazialgeologie der chilenischen Anden. Geol. Rundsch.
Tertiary drainage regions C31 to C33, C91, C92 (excluding quaternary catchment C92C), D41 (excluding quaternary catchment D41A), and quaternary catchments D73A and portions of D42C, D42D, D73B, D73C, D73D and D73E. The western boundary of this area runs from the confluence of the Kuruman River with the Molopo River along the watershed between quaternary catchments D42C and D42D until it meets the boundary of the Kalahari East Water Board. The Water Management Area boundary then follows this Water Board boundary to a point, west of the Langberge, 19 kilometres west of Beeshoek, near Postmasburg. The Water Management Area boundary then runs South East to meet the watershed between quaternary catchments D73A and D73B.
The Cenozoic comprises the Palaeogene, Neogene and Quaternary periods (66 Ma-present).
Development in Quaternary Science, vol. 2c. Elsevier B.V., Amsterdam, pp. 75–81.
Detergents are obtained from amides and quaternary alkylammonium derivatives of stearic acid.
The current mountainous landscape arises from repeated glaciations during the Quaternary period.
The San Benito Gravels is a Quaternary Epoch geologic formation in California.
Older aluminium electrolytic capacitors and spermicidal jellies also contain quaternary ammonium salts.
Radiolarians in Eocene- Quaternary sediments south of Alexa Bank probably originate there.
All the cryoplanation surfaces that exists at present date to the Quaternary.
Silicon oxynitrides can be doped with metal atoms. The most common example is sialon, a family of quaternary SiAlON compound. Quaternary silicon oxynitrides containing a lanthanide element, such as La, Eu or/and Ce are used as phosphors.
Palaeogeography of Eastern England during the Early Middle Pleistocene. In: Candy, I, Lee, JR & Harrison, AM (eds). The Quaternary of Northern East Anglia Field Guide. Quaternary Research Association (2007)Rose, J, Candy, I, Moorlock, BSP & Morigi, AN (2002).
Quaternary and Tertiary sediments and sedimentary rocks are the formations in the lake basin and environs. The Quaternary sediments are of marine and fluvial alluvium of recent age. Tertiary sediments comprise laterite, sandstones and clays of Warkalai formation.
Quaternary science is a field of study which involve the World's geography, biology, chemistry, and physics. However, its focus is during the Quaternary period - a time period that start around 2.6 million years ago to the present day.
Richmond, G.M. and D.S. Fullerton, 1986, Summation of Quaternary glaciations in the United States of America, Quaternary Science Reviews. vol. 5, pp. 183-196. At this time, the Cromerian is correlated with the period of time, which includes the Pre- Illinoian C, Pre-Illinoian D, and Pre-Illinoian E glaciations of North America.Walker, M., 2005, Quaternary Dating Methods, John Wiley & Son, Chichester, United Kingdom.
The Journal of Quaternary Science is a peer-reviewed academic journal published on behalf of the Quaternary Research Association. It covers research on any aspect of quaternary science. The journal publishes predominantly research articles with two thematic issues published annually, although discussions and letters are occasionally published along with invited reviews. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2012 impact factor of 2.939.
The Gauss-Matuyama Reversal was a geologic event approximately 2.58 million years ago when the Earth's magnetic field underwent reversal. This event, which separates the Piacenzian from the Gelasian and marks the start of the Quaternary,Clague, John et al. (2006) "Open Letter by INQUA Executive Committee" Quaternary Perspective, the INQUA Newsletter International Union for Quaternary Research 16(1): is useful in dating sediments.
The International Union for Quaternary Research (INQUA) counterproposed that the Neogene and the Pliocene end at 2.58 Ma, that the Gelasian be transferred to the Pleistocene, and the Quaternary be recognized as the third period in the Cenozoic, citing key changes in Earth's climate, oceans, and biota that occurred 2.58 Ma and its correspondence to the Gauss-Matuyama magnetostratigraphic boundary.Clague, John et al. (2006) "Open Letter by INQUA Executive Committee" Quaternary Perspective, the INQUA Newsletter International Union for Quaternary Research 16(1) In 2006 ICS and INQUA reached a compromise that made Quaternary a subera, subdividing Cenozoic into the old classical Tertiary and Quaternary, a compromise that was rejected by International Union of Geological Sciences because it split both Neogene and Pliocene in two. Following formal discussions at the 2008 International Geological Congress in Oslo, Norway, the ICS decided in May 2009 to make the Quaternary the youngest period of the Cenozoic Era with its base at 2.58 Mya and including the Gelasian age, which was formerly considered part of the Neogene Period and Pliocene Epoch.
Fields that are of Miocene- Quaternary in age are located in nearby Turkey.
It can be alloyed with gallium arsenide to produce ternary and quaternary semiconductors.
Quaternary Science Reviews, 25:362–389 in Härjedalen, Sweden, the landform's type locality.
Cronin, T.M. (2012) Rapid sea-level rise. Quaternary Science Reviews. 56:11-30.
Quaternary deposits from the last 2.5 million years cover almost the entire country.
The Laurentide Ice Sheet pushed the river southward.Montagne J.L. 'Quaternary System, Wisconsin Glaciation.
Tertiary drainage regions G40 (excluding quaternary catchment G40A), G50, and H10 to H70.
Benzyltriethylammonium hydroxide, is a quaternary ammonium salt that functions as an organic base.
In: Shotton, FW (ed). British Quaternary Studies - Recent Advances. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1977.
Thus the Neogene Period ends bounding the succeeding Quaternary Period at 2.58 Mya.
Alluvial floodplains have developed in the lower park on deposits of quaternary alluvium.
Geologically the Anadyr Lowlands are composed of loose Quaternary sediments, constrained by permafrost.
Quaternary Research 29: 294–306 This created two isolated populations of Darwin's fox.
After his retirement, Lang published a major text on European Quaternary vegetation history.
Quaternary rocks in Kansas consist of glacial drift; river silt, sand and gravel; dune sand and wind blown silt. The Quaternary Period in western Kansas was very similar to the Neogene, continual erosion of the Rocky Mountains deposited additional sediments.
Oldroyd, David R. & Grapes, Rodney H. Contributions to the history of geomorphology and Quaternary geology: an introduction. In: Grapes, R. H., Oldroyd, D. & GrigelisR, A. (eds) History of Geomorphology and Quaternary Geology. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 301, 1–17.
The Pingdingshan (平顶山) glacial cirques are remnants of the Quaternary, in the southeast part of Hexigten Banner. The existence of cirques and other Quaternary glacial features in Hexigten are importance evidence of the glacial history of northern China.
There are several extinct volcanoes on Livingston Island itself that were active in the Quaternary, such as Rezen Knoll, Gleaner Heights, Edinburgh Hill and Inott Point.S. Kraus, A. Kurbatov and M. Yates. Geochemical signatures of tephras from Quaternary Antarctic Peninsula volcanoes.
Because this structure arises from a single molecule and not from multiple separate molecules, it cannot be referred to as true quaternary structure. Depending on where a riboswitch binds and how it is arranged, it can suppress or allow a gene to be expressed Symmetry is an important part of biomolecular three- dimensional configurations. Many proteins are sy.mmetrical on the level of quaternary structure, but RNAs rarely have symmetrical quaternary structures.
It has also been as a fossil found in Quaternary strata in Louisiana, USA.
Extensive re-moulding of the land surface took place during the Quaternary ice ages.
A pentameric protein is a quaternary protein structure that consists of five protein subunits.
Tertiary drainage regions A10, A21 to A24, A31, A32 and quaternary drainage region D41A.
Quaternary gravel, Neogene glass-grade sand, Devonian gypsum and Paleogene amber are also extracted.
In addition, ELK1 and SAP1a can also form quaternary complexes on the Egr1 SREI.
The Late Quaternary is a time in geologic history, within the broader Quaternary Period, that encompasses approximately the last 25,000 years of Earth's history. During this time, continuous climate change has occurred across varying timescales with different degrees of magnitude. The Late Quaternary is well-represented in the geologic record at globally- distributed sites. Sites representative of the Late Quaternary that contain records of flora, fauna, and climates past can be dated with high degrees of accuracy through a variety of methods that allow observational inferences to be made at timescales between 10 and 10,000 years.
The quantification of quaternary ammonium compounds in environmental and biological samples is problematic using conventional chromatography techniques because the compounds are highly soluble in water. While analyzing them by liquid chromatography coupled tandem mass spectrometry it has been found that they follow an exception rule. Under standard electrospray ionization (ESI) conditions, mono- and di-quaternary ammonium compounds form molecular ions with the formula of ' rather than . Formation of is observed for di-quaternary ammonium compounds (like diquat) as precursor ion and as product ion due to the loss of one of the quaternary charge during CID.
In the Oregon segment of the Cascade Volcanoes that runs for south of Mount Hood, there are at least 1,054 Quaternary volcanoes, which form a volcanic belt in width. This volcanic belt extends up to to the north of the border with California, where Quaternary volcanic activity is interrupted by a gap up to the Quaternary volcanoes near Mount Shasta. The Quaternary volcanoes within the Oregon Cascades are extremely dense, concentrated within an area of about . Rocks within the Metolius Springs area form part of the High Cascades province and include both volcanic and glaciofluvial deposits.
Not only is Picea critchfieldii the only plant extinction documented during the Late Quaternary, but it is one of very few plant extinctions known from the entire Quaternary Period. In contrast to this one known plant extinction during the Late Quaternary, significant numbers of mammalian extinctions took place during the same period in what is known as the Quaternary Extinction Event. These extinctions are largely attributed to a complementary role of human exploitation and rapid environmental change during the last deglaciation. A myriad of hypotheses have been proposed to explain these mammalian extinctions, but the current scientific consensus ascribes a role for both climate and human impacts as driving large numbers of mammalian genera and species to extinction during the Late Quaternary. Though it remains possible that Picea critchfieldii is the only species to go extinct during the Late Quaternary, scientists suggest that “taxonomic smoothing” within collected pollen data and insufficient collections of plant macrofossils could be camouflaging other potential plant extinctions.
Timepidium bromide (INN) is an anticholinergic. The quaternary nitrogen prevents it from crossing the blood brain barrier, so it is peripherally acting with no central side effects. The same compound sans the quaternary methyl group and the methoxy ether is called tipepidine.
The Boscawen SSSI, which encompasses the whole of the cove, "is a nationally important site for Quaternary geomorphology and Quaternary stratigraphy. Coastal exposures at the site show a sequence of granitic shore platform overlain in turn by raised beach deposits and head deposits".
Quaternary numbers are used in the representation of 2D Hilbert curves. Here a real number between 0 and 1 is converted into the quaternary system. Every single digit now indicates in which of the respective 4 sub-quadrants the number will be projected.
Tertiary structure may give way to the formation of quaternary structure in some proteins, which usually involves the "assembly" or "coassembly" of subunits that have already folded; in other words, multiple polypeptide chains could interact to form a fully functional quaternary protein.
The most common phosphonium compounds have four organic substituents attached to phosphorus. The quaternary phosphonium cations include tetraphenylphosphonium, (C6H5)4P+ and tetramethylphosphonium . Tetramethylphosphonium bromide Structure of solid "phosphorus pentachloride", illustrating its autoionization to tetrachlorophosphonium. Quaternary phosphonium cations () are produced by alkylation of organophosphines.
His papers on Lake Bonneville became the most cited papers in his department. His work examined the geomorphology of lakes, paleolakes, lake basins, and coasts; paleolimnology and geochronology of Quaternary lakes; geodynamics of Quaternary lakes; geoarchaeology; and desert, mountain, and Arctic environmental change.
Quaternary ammonium cellulose derivatives are of particular interest as conditioners in hair and skin products.
The slip rate is estimated at per year on the basis of displaced Quaternary deposits.
Quaternary glaciations: extent and chronology, Part 3, Elsevier, London, Oxford, San Diego, Amsterdam. p. 139.
Engineering Geology, Structural Geology, Sedimentology, Geochemistry, Mineralogy, Petrography, Quaternary Geology, Economic Geology, Hydrogeology, Environmental Geology.
Successive glaciations of Britain's uplands took place within the Quaternary and each one affected Snowdonia.
It preserves fossils from the Pleistocene Epoch of the Quaternary Period, during the Cenozoic Era.
However, quaternary phase diagrams in communication engineering are represented graphically on a two- dimensional plane.
Amberlite quaternary ammonium resin Amberlite is the tradename of a range of ion-exchange resins.
During the Quaternary, global climate experienced a recurring pattern of ice-sheet growth and decay. The length of Late Quaternary cycles varied between 80,000 and 120,000 years, with an average recurrence interval of about 100,000 years. The typical Late Quaternary glacial cycle was asymmetric having a long cooling interval that was characterized by an oscillating buildup of ice sheets to maximum volume. The long cooling interval was then followed by a relatively short warming period.
Canadian Shield. Minnesota has been covered, at least in part, by a glacier numerous times during the Quaternary ice age. In order of increasing age, these advances took place during the Wisconsin Episode and Illinoian stages; prior to this continental ice sheets advanced into and retreated from Minnesota multiple times during the Pre- Illinoian Stage.Richmond, G.M. and D.S. Fullerton, 1986, Summation of Quaternary glaciations in the United States of America, Quaternary Science Reviews. vol.
Quaternary ammonium compounds have also been shown to have antimicrobial activity. Certain quaternary ammonium compounds, especially those containing long alkyl chains, are used as antimicrobials and disinfectants. Examples are benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, methylbenzethonium chloride, cetalkonium chloride, cetylpyridinium chloride, cetrimonium, cetrimide, dofanium chloride, tetraethylammonium bromide, didecyldimethylammonium chloride and domiphen bromide. Also good against fungi, amoebas, and enveloped viruses, quaternary ammonium compounds are believed to act by disrupting the cell membrane or viral envelope.
Vienna, Austria.Martin, Paul S. (1989). Quaternary Extinctions: A Prehistoric Revolution. University of Arizona Press. p. 496.
The dequalinium dication is symmetrical, containing two quaternary quinolinium units linked by an N-decylene chain.
J. Terasmae, "Radiocarbon Dating: Some Problems and Potential Developments", in Mahaney, Quaternary Dating Methods, p. 5.
Philip Gibbard Philip Leonard Gibbard (born 1949 in Chiswick, London) is a Quaternary geologist and has been Professor of Quaternary Palaeoenvironments in the University of Cambridge, Department of Geography since 2005.Profile page at University of Cambridge A PhD student of Professor Richard Gilbert WestRichard West's Quaternary Group Profile Page in the Subdepartment of Quaternary Research, University of Cambridge (1971–1974), he investigated the diversion of the River Thames from its course through Hertfordshire to its present course through London. Later he established the stratigraphy and palaeogeography of the Thames in the Middle (1985) and Lower Thames Valley (1994). He has since undertaken many collaborative, palaeoenvironmental investigations.
During this time, many of his journal articles focused on other sites and geo-archaeological and Quaternary geologic aspects of the southern Great Plains area. Holliday received several National Science Foundation grants to investigate aspects of the late Quaternary landscape evolution of the Southern High Plains. Holliday also pursued his interests in Paleoindian archaeology. This resulted in a series of papers on late Quaternary stratigraphy, paleoenvironments and Paleoindian geo-archaeology. This series of papers resulted in Holliday’s 1995 Geological Society of America book, Stratigraphy and Paleoenvironments of Late Quaternary Valley Fills, as well as his 1997 book titled Paleoindian Geoarchaeology of the Southern High Plains.
It is associated with creating life as well as death and sacrifice.Juárez-Rodríguez, O., Argote-Espino D., Santos-Ramírez, M., & López-García, P. (2017). Portable XRF analysis for the identification of raw materials of the Red Jaguar sculpture in Chichén Itzá, Mexico. Quaternary International, Quaternary International.
Their most recent conference had the theme "Ocean/Atmosphere Interactions and Continental Consequences: Environmental Forecasting from the Quaternary Sciences" and was held in Bozeman, Montana. In addition to their conference, they also publish a newsletter The Quaternary Times, semiannually and present a Distinguished Career Award annually.
Patterns of Late Quaternary megafaunal extinctions in Europe and northern Asia. In: Kahlke, R.-D., Maul, L.C., Mazza, P. (Eds.), Late Neogene and Quaternary Biodiversity and Evolution: Regional Developments and Interregional Correlations Vol. II, Proceedings of the 18th International Senckenberg Conference (VI International Palaeontological Colloquium in Weimar).
Quaternary ammonium cation. The R groups may be the same or different alkyl or aryl groups. Also, the R groups may be connected. Quaternary ammonium cations, also known as quats, are positively charged polyatomic ions of the structure , R being an alkyl group or an aryl group.
Superficial deposits refer to geological deposits typically of Quaternary age (less than 2.6 million years old). These geologically recent unconsolidated sediments may include stream channel and floodplain deposits, beach sands, talus gravels and glacial drift and moraine. All pre-Quaternary deposits are referred to as bedrock.
The quaternary structure of nucleic acids is similar to that of protein quaternary structure. Although some of the concepts are not exactly the same, the quaternary structure refers to a higher-level of organization of nucleic acids. Moreover, it refers to interactions of the nucleic acids with other molecules. The most commonly seen form of higher-level organization of nucleic acids is seen in the form of chromatin which leads to its interactions with the small proteins histones.
Scientists figured out that the potency of tubocurarine was related to the separation distance between the two quaternary ammonium heads. Further research led to the development of synthesized molecules with different curariform effects, depending on the distance between the quaternary ammonium groups. One of the synthesized bis-quaternaries was decamethonium a 10-carbon bis-quaternary compound. Following research with decamethonium, scientists developed suxamethonium, which is a double acetylcholine molecule that was connected at the acetyl end.
Although quaternary (base 4) is little used, it can easily be converted to and from hexadecimal or binary. Each hexadecimal digit corresponds to a pair of quaternary digits and each quaternary digit corresponds to a pair of binary digits. In the above example 5 E B 5 216 = 11 32 23 11 024. The octal (base 8) system can also be converted with relative ease, although not quite as trivially as with bases 2 and 4.
The Quaternary deposits are the fill of valleys that are now buried. The buried valleys of Tallinn are carved into older rock likely by ancient rivers to be later modified by glaciers. While the valley fill is made up of Quaternary sediments the valleys themselves originated from erosion that took place before the Quaternary. The substrate into which the buried valleys were carved is made up of hard sedimentary rock of Ediacaran, Cambrian and Ordovician age.
Also, the quaternary structure refers to the interactions between separate RNA units in the ribosome or spliceosome.
Diagram of a blast injury Blast injuries are divided into four classes: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary.
Knud Jessen Knud Jessen (29 November 1884 – 14 April 1971) was a Danish botanist and quaternary geologist.
1,2,3-benzothiadiazole is a very weak base and alkylation reactions give exclusively the 3-amino quaternary salt.
Prosiphneus is an extinct genus of rodent that lived during Miocene to Quaternary of China and Russia.
It was further suggested to extend the B–C–N system to quaternary compounds with silicon included.
Juárez-Rodríguez, O., Argote-Espino D., Santos-Ramírez, M., & López-García, P. (2017). Portable XRF analysis for the identification of raw materials of the Red Jaguar sculpture in Chichén Itzá, Mexico. Quaternary International, Quaternary International. Additionally, the color red appears to have been significant to Maya cultural symbolism.
In The Quaternary of the Central Grampian Highlands - Field Guide (edited by S. Lukas, J. Merritt, W. Mitchell). Quaternary Research Association, London, 26-40. The route through the pass has been used since prehistoric times. A military road built between 1728 and 1730 by General Wade came through here.
While consensus secondary and tertiary structures have been observed in tRNAs, there has not been evidence of tRNAs creating a quaternary structure thus far. Of note, it has been observed through high resolution imaging that tRNA interacts with the quaternary structure of bacterial 70S ribosome and other proteins.
Open Quaternary is a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal publishing contributions that consider the changing environment of the Quaternary as well as the development of humanity. It published with Ubiquity Press. It has four editors in chief: Victoria Herridge, Matthew Law, Hanneke Meijer, and Suzanne Pilaar Birch.
"Luminescence Dating of Glacial Lake Great Falls, Montana, U.S.A." Feathers, James K., and Hill, Christopher L. XVI International Quaternary Association Congress. Stratigraphy and Geochronology Session. International Quaternary Association, Reno, 2003. About 13,000 BCE, as the glacier retreated, Glacial Lake Great Falls emptied catastrophically in a glacial lake outburst flood.
The Bull Lake glaciation is the name of a glacial period in North America that is part of the Quaternary Ice Age. The Bull Lake glaciation began about 200,000 years ago and ended about 130,000 years ago, and was concurrent with the Illinoian Stage of the Quaternary Ice Age.Fullerton, David S.; Colton, Roger B.; and Bush, Charles A. "Limits of Mountain and Continental Glaciations in Northern Montana and North-Western North Dakota, U.S.A." In Quaternary Glaciations: Extent and Chronology. Part II: North America.
Alimen later went on to teach Quaternary Geology at the Musée de l'Homme in Paris from 1946 to 1956. In 1948 Ailmen went to work for Centre national de la recherche scientifique, studying the Quaternary geology of the Pyrenees and the Sahara. She later managed the Laboritoire du Géologie Quaterniare for CNRS in Paris, which continued to study Quaternary geology in the two regions. Following her retirement from Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Alimen became President of the Société Géologique de France.
The unconsolidated sand of the Carolina Sandhills is mapped as the Quaternary Pinehurst Formation, and is interpreted as eolian (wind-blown) sand sheets and dunes that were mobilized episodically from approximately 75,000 to 6,000 years ago.Swezey, C.S., Fitzwater, B.A., Whittecar, G.R., Mahan, S.A., Garrity, C.P., Aleman Gonzalez, W.B., and Dobbs, K.M., 2016, "The Carolina Sandhills: Quaternary eolian sand sheets and dunes along the updip margin of the Atlantic Coastal Plain province, southeastern United States": Quaternary Research, v. 86, p. 271-286; www.cambridge.
110 In certain places, the batholith is overlain by the El Vergel Beds, alluvium and other Quaternary deposits.
Before the Quaternary glaciation, land-based ice appeared, and then disappeared, during at least four other ice ages.
Aeolian dust in Europe: African sources and European deposits. Quaternary International 198, 234-245. doi:10.1016/j.quaint 2008.10.007.
The coasts are made up predominantly of deltaic sediments of Mahanadi, Brahmani, Baitarani, Subarnarekha rivers of Quaternary age.
Silicone quaternary amine is a chemical antimicrobial agent used in some odor- repellent socks, including Burlington Bioguard Socks.
The average rate of movement on the fault for the late Quaternary is about 1.3 millimeters per year.
The extinction of Picea critchfieldii is dated to approximately 15,000 years ago and represents the only documented tree species extinction of the Late Quaternary. This extinction dates to approximately the time when the Earth was transitioning out of the Last Glacial Maximum and into the Holocene period of the Quaternary.
The cuestas and associated paleovalleys likely were created by fluvial erosion during regional sea-level lowstand(s) that likely predates Quaternary glaciations.Lajeunesse, P., 2014. Buried preglacial fluvial gorges and valleys preserved through Quaternary glaciations beneath the eastern Laurentide Ice Sheet. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 126(3–4), pp. 447–458.
Illinois State Geological Survey, Urbana, Illinois.Fulton, R.J., P.F. Karrow, P. LaSalle, and D.R. Grant, 1984, Summary of Quaternary stratigraphy and history, Eastern Canada, in R. J Fulton, ed., p. 193-210, Quaternary Stratigraphy of Canada — A Canadian Contribution to IGCP Project 24, Geological Survey of Canada Paper, no. 84-10.
He is a member of the Communist Party of China. He is an editor of Quaternary Science Reviews. He served as the Vice Chairman of International Union for Quaternary Research (INQUA) from 1999 to 2007, and the Vice Chair of International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP) steering committee from 2003 to 2006.
13, 187-199.Krause, T.R., Russell, J.M., Zhang, R., Williams, J.W., and Jackson, S.T., 2019, Late Quaternary vegetation, climate, and fire history of the southeast Atlantic Coastal Plain based on a 30,000-yr mult-proxy record from White Pond, South Carolina, USA: Quaternary Research, v. 91, no. 2, p. 861-880.
"Pleistocene molluscs from research boreholes in the Heidelberg Basin". E&G; – Quaternary Science Journal 57(3-4): 382-402. .
Geologically it lies in the Tertiary-Quaternary Umm Ruwaba Basin, composed mainly of fine-grained lacustrine and fluviatile sediments.
New Haven: Yale University Pressre.Martin, Paul S. (1984). “Prehistoric Overkill: The Global Model.” In Quaternary Extinctions: A Prehistoric Revolution.
The Pliocene has been recently investigated and also the Miocene. Also for the Quaternary there have been further studies.
The Cenozoic is sometimes divided into the Quaternary and Tertiary periods, although the latter is no longer used officially.
On the west side of the Lotterberg is a deposit of loess, which formed after the last Quaternary glaciation.
Alluvium, sand, gravel, barrier islands and loess define most of the Quaternary deposition from the past 2.5 million years.
It emits toxic fumes when decomposed by heat. Quaternary ammonium permanganate compounds can be prepared, such as tetrabutylammonium permanganate.
The town date from the periods cenozoico, tertiary and quaternary higher which are related mainly to the podzólico period.
More recently, subglacial lakes in Iceland may have provided a refuge for subterranean amphipods during the Quaternary glacial period.
Later during the Quaternary, it was partially covered by glaciers which have affected the area's appearance to this day.
Russell Coope Russell Coope, also Geoffrey Russell Coope and G. Russell Coope (1930 Cheshire, UK – 2011) was a Quaternary paleoentomologist and neontologist and a paleoclimatologist specializing in the British Pleistocene. He was an expert and leader in the reconstruction of Quaternary paleoenvironmental conditions from fossil beetles. The relatively young age of his fossils allowed Coope to explore construction sites for fossils, in addition to geological field sites. Coope was an Honorary Professor of Quaternary Science and staff member at the University of Birmingham from 1955 to 1993.
DNA coils and winds around histone proteins to condense into chromatin. Nucleic acid quaternary structure refers to the interactions between separate nucleic acid molecules, or between nucleic acid molecules and proteins. The concept is analogous to protein quaternary structure, but as the analogy is not perfect, the term is used to refer to a number of different concepts in nucleic acids and is less commonly encountered. Similarly other biomolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids have four levels of structural arrangement: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure.
DNA quaternary structure is used to refer to the binding of DNA to histones to form nucleosomes, and then their organisation into higher-order chromatin fibres. The quaternary structure of DNA strongly affects how accessible the DNA sequence is to the transcription machinery for expression of genes. DNA quaternary structure varies over time, as regions of DNA are condensed or exposed for transcription. The term has also been used to describe the hierarchical assembly of artificial nucleic acid building blocks used in DNA nanotechnology.
Colin Clark's sector model of an economy undergoing technological change. In later stages, the quaternary sector of the economy grows – shown in red. Producing entertainment television "Quaternary sector" is a further delineation of the three-sector hypothesis of industry in the sense that the quaternary sector refers to a part of the third or tertiary sector along with the quinary economic sector. Intellectual services are sometimes regarded as distinct enough to warrant a separate sector and not be considered merely as a part of the tertiary sector.
With respect to geologic setting, the Carolina Sandhills NWR consists of Quaternary sands of eolian (wind-blown) origin that were active episodically from ~75,000 to 6,000 years ago, but the sands are stabilized by vegetation under modern climate conditions.Swezey, C. S.; Fitzwater, B. A.; Whittecar, G. R.; Mahan, S. A.; Garrity, C. P.; Aleman Gonzalez, W. B. & Dobbs, K. M. (2016). "The Carolina Sandhills: Quaternary eolian sand sheets and dunes along the updip margin of the Atlantic Coastal Plain province, southeastern United States". Quaternary Research.
2007b, jpg version 844 KB. Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy, Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England and, thus, started about 352,000 years ago and ended 130,000 years ago. As a result, the Illinoian Stage is only temporally equivalent to either middle and late Wolstonian stage or late Wolstonian stage in the British Isles. In North America, the term "Wolstonian stage" is not used by geomorphologists and Quaternary geologistsStiff, B. J., and A.K. Hansel, 2004, Quaternary glaciations in Illinois. in Ehlers, J., and P.L. Gibbard, eds.
Geologists also study unlithified materials (referred to as drift), which typically come from more recent deposits. These materials are superficial deposits that lie above the bedrock."Surficial Geologic Maps" in New Hampshire Geological Survey, Geologic maps. des.nh.gov This study is often known as Quaternary geology, after the Quaternary period of geologic history.
These scarps are long and as much as high. Most of the fault trace has a moderate alignment of topographic features, such as linear streams and offset spurs. Quaternary alluvial sediments of the Penderisco River are offset an unknown amount. The slip rate is estimated at per year deduced from displaced Quaternary sediments.
Quaternary Science Reviews is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering quaternary science. It was established in 1982 by Pergamon Press and is currently published by Elsevier. The editor-in-chief is C.V. Murray Wallace (University of Wollongong). According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2013 impact factor of 4.571.
Studia Quaternaria is a peer-reviewed open access scholarly journal publishing research articles on quaternary science. It is a journal published by the Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN). The current editor-in-chief is Leszek Marks. It changed name from Quaternary Studies in Poland to the current title in the year 2000.
Benzyltrimethylammonium fluoride is a quaternary ammonium salt. It is commercially available as the hydrate. The compound is a source of organic- soluble fluoride to removal of silyl ether protecting groups. As is the case for tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride and most other quaternary ammonium fluorides, the compound cannot be obtained in anhydrous form.
Derbyshire, E., Shi, Y.F., Li, J.J., Zheng, B.X., Li, S.J., Wang, J.T. (1991): Quaternary glaciation of Tibet: the geological evidence. Quaternary Science Reviews, 10, 485-510. Dittmann, A., Kraas, F. and Schmiedecken, W. (Ed.) (2006): Wer ist wo? Geographinnen und Geographen an Universitäten, Hochschulen und Forschungseinrichtungen in Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz.
Development in Quaternary Science 2 (c, Quaternary Glaciation - Extent and Chronology, Part III: South America, Asia, Africa, Australia, Antarctica, Eds: Ehlers, J.; Gibbard, P.L.), 175-199. (Elsevier B.V., Amsterdam). Lautenschlager, M., Santer, B.D. (1991): Atmospheric Response to a Hypothetical Tibetian Ice Sheet.In: Journal of Climate, Vol. 4, Issue 4, pp. 386–394.
Quaternary ammonium cations are unreactive toward even strong electrophiles, oxidants, and acids. They also are stable toward most nucleophiles. The latter is indicated by the stability of the hydroxide salts such as tetramethylammonium hydroxide and tetrabutylammonium hydroxide. Because of their resilience, many unusual anions have been isolated as the quaternary ammonium salts.
In di-quaternary ammonium compounds, this process can also result in the formation of fragment ions with higher mass as compared to their precursor ion. Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatographic separation has been reported to demonstrate a successful separation of quaternary ammonium compounds for their quantification in ESI-MS/MS with higher precision.
The Late Cretaceous strata is overlain by basaltic lavas ranging in age from Pliocene to Quaternary. The Quaternary volcanic rocks form volcanic cones.Kos’ko, M.K., B.G. Lopatin, and V.G. Ganelin, 1990, Major geological features of the islands of the East Siberian and Chukchi Seas and the Northern Coast of Chukotka. Marine Geology. vol.
Fossils have been found in Quaternary strata of the United States (Florida, New Jersey) age range: 0.126 to 0.012 Ma.
This species was also found as a fossil in Quaternary strata of the Caloosahatchee Formation, North St. Petersburg, Florida, USA.
Her thesis Certain quaternary quadratic forms and diophantine equations by generalized quaternion algebras earned her a doctorate degree in 1927.
For example, when DNA is packed into chromatin, therefore exhibiting a type of quaternary structure, gene transcription will be inhibited.
Phenoxyethanol is a germicidal and germistatic glycol ether, phenol ether, and aromatic alcohol often used together with quaternary ammonium compounds.
Quaternary Landscapes in Iowa. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa. Schaetzl, R.J. and S. Anderson. 2005. Soils—Genesis and Geomorphology.
He has also published the concepts of diabetes fatigue syndrome, euthymia in diabetes, quaternary prevention in endocrinology, and quinary prevention.
Unlike quaternary ammonium salts, tertiary ammonium salts are much more volatile, therefore mass spectrometry can be used while performing analysis.
J. S. Buck, R. Baltzly and W. S. Ide (1938). "β-Phenethylamine derivatives. Tertiary and quaternary salts." 60 1789-1792.
The Quaternary sediments of the east coast of Odisha are composed of laterites and unconsolidated clays, silts, sands, and gravels.
Endre Krolopp (1935–2010) was a Hungarian malacologist, who published over 200 scientific papers and books, mainly on Quaternary molluscs.
For quaternary ammonium and phosphonium countercations, inertness is related to their resistance of degradation by strong bases and strong nucleophiles.
The rocks beneath the Quaternary soil are Miocene layers. However, the area itself is susceptible to erosion, landslides, and earthquakes.
Schirrmeister, L., H.-W. Hubberten, V. Rachold, and V.G. Grosse, 2005, Lost world – Late Quaternary environment of periglacial Arctic shelves and coastal lowlands in NE-Siberia. 2nd International Alfred Wegener Symposium Bremerhaven, October, 30 – November 2, 2005.Alekseev, M.N., 1997, Paleogeography and geochronology in the Russian eastern Arctic during the second half of the Quaternary.
As the relative sea level sank and much of Scania lost its sedimentary cover antecedent rivers begun to incise the Söderåsen horst forming valleys. During deglaciation these valleys likely evacuated large amounts of melt-water. The relief of Scania's south-western landscape was formed by the accumulation of thick Quaternary sediments during the Quaternary glaciations.
Busacca, A.J., 1989. Long Quaternary record in eastern Washington, U.S.A., interpreted from multiple buried paleosols in loess. Geoderma. 45:105-122.Busacca, AJ, and EV McDonald (1994) Regional sedimentation of late Quaternary loess on the Columbia plateau: sediment source areas and loess distribution patterns. Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources Bulletin. 80:181-190.
The American Quaternary Association (AMQUA) is a professional organization of North American scientists devoted to studies of the quaternary geological period. They were founded in 1970 and their stated goals are to "foster cooperation and communication among the remarkably broad array of disciplines involved in studying the Quaternary Period". These disciplines include: anthropology, archaeology, botany, climatology, ecology, geochemistry, geochronology, geography, geology, geomorphology, geophysics, hydrology, limnology, meteorology, neotectonics, oceanography, paleontology, palynology, soil science, and zoology. They host biennial conventions on a variety of themes, with themes chosen to appeal to a broad range of represented disciplines.
It is also useful in dehydrohalogenation reactions and Swern oxidations. Triethylamine is readily alkylated to give the corresponding quaternary ammonium salt: :RI + Et3N -> Et3NR+I− Triethylamine is mainly used in the production of quaternary ammonium compounds for textile auxiliaries and quaternary ammonium salts of dyes. It is also a catalyst and acid neutralizer for condensation reactions and is useful as an intermediate for manufacturing medicines, pesticides and other chemicals. Triethylamine salts like any other tertiary ammonium salts are used as an ion-interaction reagent in ion interaction chromatography, due to their amphiphilic properties.
The strip may still be active, as monogenetic vents near Jefferson have produced basaltic andesite since the last glacial period. Jefferson — with Mount Hood, the Three Sisters- Broken Top area, and Crater Lake — represents one of four volcanic centers responsible for much of the Oregon Cascades' Quaternary andesite, dacite, and rhyolite deposits. Some of this andesite and dacite occurs in vents that underlie the Jefferson vicinity, which also erupted during the Quaternary. Quaternary volcanic production rates in the Cascade Range from Jefferson to Crater Lake have averaged per mile of arc length per million years.
The sub- Quaternary period (104 to 105 years) is the geological age where OSL is a favourable dating technique because of low closure temperature of quartz and feldspar used in this technique. The Quaternary period is marked by intense crustal erosion particularly within active mountain ranges, leading to high exhumation rate of crustal rocks and formation of sub-Quaternary sediments. Previous techniques (e.g. Apatite Fission Track, Zircon Fission Track, and (Uranium-Thorium)/ Helium dating) could not adequately track the geological age records particularly in the last ~300 thousand years.
Its former name, the Karoo glaciation, was named after the glacial tills found in the Karoo region of South Africa. There were extensive polar ice caps at intervals from 360 to 260 million years ago in South Africa during the Carboniferous and early Permian Periods. Correlatives are known from Argentina, also in the center of the ancient supercontinent Gondwanaland. The Quaternary Glaciation / Quaternary Ice Age started about 2.58 million years ago at the beginning of the Quaternary Period when the spread of ice sheets in the Northern Hemisphere began.
He became Ad hominem Professor in 1991, in the Department of Earth Sciences, working in the Godwin Institute for Quaternary Research.
Todd, N. E. (2005). Reanalysis of African Elephas recki: implications for time, space and taxonomy. Quaternary International 126-128:65-72.
Coccolithophores as paleoecological indicators for shift of the ITCZ in the Cariaco Basin. Journal of Quaternary Science 24 (2), 159-174.
The municipality consists of land belonging to the Tertiary and Quaternary periods, composed of sedimentary rocks, alluvial, residual and lacustrine soils.
Fossils of Fedaiella are found in the marine strata of the Quaternary of Japan, Paleocene of Poland and Triassic of Italy.
Another quaternary ammonium cation used in some formulations is alkyldimethylbenzylammonium (ADBA). The formula is , where n varies between 8 and 18.
Tiemonium iodide is an antimuscarinic. It is poorly absorbed from the gut. The active moiety is tiemonium, a quaternary ammonium cation.
Schirrmeister, L., 2002, 230Th/U Dating of Frozen Peat, Bol'shoy Lyakhovsky Island (Northern Siberia). Quaternary Research, vol. 57, pp. 253–258.
Quaternary glaciers created much of the topography of Kaiser-Wilhelmsland. Recent studies suggest Mount Wilhelm held approximately of glacial ice.J. A. Peterson, S Chandra and C Lundberg, Landforms from the Quaternary glaciation of Papua New Guinea: an overview of ice extent during the LGM.pp. 1–18 Further north, closer to the Equator, the glaciers left behind large rubble fields.
Jarman D and Wilson PW (2015): Clough Head - Threlkeld Knotts: a perplexing RSF complex. In McDougall DA and Evans DJA (eds), The Quaternary of the Lake District - Field Guide. Quaternary Research Association, London, 153-173. Rock slope failure also patterns White Pike with antiscarps (uphill-facing scarplets), which could formerly have extended across the Clough Head cavity.
Quaternary structure is the three-dimensional structure consisting of the aggregation of two or more individual polypeptide chains (subunits) that operate as a single functional unit (multimer). The resulting multimer is stabilized by the same non-covalent interactions and disulfide bonds as in tertiary structure. There are many possible quaternary structure organisations. Complexes of two or more polypeptides (i.e.
The main rivers are the River Nairn and the Findhorn, which both follow deeply incised courses across the general slope northwards.Jarman D (2017): Very long-term landscape evolution - a geomorphological contextual approach. In Merritt JW, Auton CA and Phillips E (eds) The Quaternary around Nairn and the Inverness Firth - Field Guide. Quaternary Research Association, London, 18-27.
Quaternary Research is a peer-reviewed scientific journal of Quaternary science. The journal was established in 1970, is now published by Cambridge University Press, and is edited by Derek B. Booth, Nicholas Lancaster and Lewis A. Owen. Previous editors included A. Lincoln Washburn, Estella B. Leopold, Stephen C. Porter, Eric J. Steig, and Alan R. Gillespie.
Finally, some proteins may adopt a complex quaternary structure. Most proteins are made of a single polypeptide chain, however, some proteins are composed of multiple polypeptide chains (known as subunits) which fold and interact to form the quaternary structure. Hence, the overall protein is a multi-subunit complex composed of multiple folded, polypeptide chain subunits e.g. haemoglobin.
Wallis obtained her PhD from the Australian National University (ANU). Her PhD thesis titled Phytoliths, Late Quaternary Environment and Archaeology in Tropical Semi-arid Northwest Australia demonstrated the suitability of phytolith analysis to questions of palaeoenvironmental interest in the tropical semi-arid areas and, subsequently, produced the first detailed late Quaternary terrestrial vegetation record for northwest Australia.
Quaternary science is an inter-disciplinary field of study focusing on the Quaternary period, which encompasses the last 2.6 million years. The field studies the current ice age and the recent interstadial, between numerous glaciations, the Holocene, and uses proxy evidence to reconstruct the past environments during this period to infer the climatic and environmental changes that have occurred.
Some bioinformatics methods were developed for predicting the quaternary structural attributes of proteins based on their sequence information by using various modes of pseudo amino acid composition (see, e.g., refs.Xiao, X., Wang, P. & Chou, K. C. (2009) Predicting protein quaternary structural attribute by hybridizing functional domain composition and pseudo amino acid composition. Journal of Applied Crystallography 42, 169–173.).
In organic chemistry, quaternary ammonium salts are employed as phase transfer catalysts (PTCs). Such catalysts accelerate reactions between reagents dissolved in immiscible solvents. The highly reactive reagent dichlorocarbene is generated via PTC by reaction of chloroform and aqueous sodium hydroxide. Anion exchange resins, in the form of beads, contain quaternary ammonium ions bound to a polymer.
Kuhle, M. (2011): The High-Glacial (Last Glacial Maximum) Glacier Cover of the Aconcagua Group and Adjacent Massifs in the Mendoza Andes (South America) with a Closer Look at Further Empirical Evidence. Development in Quaternary Science, Vol. 15 (Quaternary Glaciation - Extent and Chronology, A Closer Look, Eds: Ehlers, J.; Gibbard, P.L.; Hughes, P.D.), 735-738. (Elsevier B.V., Amsterdam).
The Cuban crocodile, Crocodylus rhombifer, from late quaternary fossil deposits on Grand Cayman. Caribbean Journal of Science, 29(3-4), 153-164.
Genesis of subtropical soils with stony horizons in NE Argentina: Autochthony and polygenesis. Quaternary International, v. 196 (1-2), pp. 137–159.
The vines are mainly grown on hillsides ground sedimentary limestone and clay - calcaires of tertiary but also on terraces of Quaternary detritus .
Nile silt or Nile mud is a ceramic paste employed widely within Ancient Egyptian pottery manufacture, sourced from local Quaternary Nile sediments.
Other ionic liquids take advantage of asymmetrical quaternary ammonium cations like alkylated imidazolium ions, and large, branched anions like the bistriflimide ion.
The Yarmouthian stage and the Yarmouth Interglacial were part of a now obsolete geologic timescale of the early Quaternary of North America.
The second ester is metabolized much more slowly, although the lack of a bis-quaternary structure effectively terminates the neuromuscular blocking action.
Together with the Quaternary glaciations in the Southern Andes the diagonal controls the distribution of the vegetation types over Chile and Argentina.
For example, alcohol-containing hand rubs do not have sporicidal activity and some quaternary ammonium compounds and detergents may even encourage sporulation.
One of the two vascular hemoglobins possesses a hexagonal-bilayer hemoglobin quaternary structure, which is only found in the Annelida and Vestimentifera.
68(3): 533–44., Bush, A.B.G. 2005. CO2/H2O and Orbitally Driven Climate Variability over Central Asia through the Holocene. Quaternary International, vol.
Journal of Quaternary Science, 24(6), 612-626. This species is often considered to be a synonym of Dorcatoma substriata.Dorcatoma substriata. Fauna Europaea.
Cretaceous and Paleogene deposits are largely missing, followed by a 100-meter thick sequence of Neogene and Quaternary gypsum- bearing alluvial fan sediments.
Tertiary structure of a protein involves a single polypeptide chain; however, additional interactions of folded polypeptide chains give rise to quaternary structure formation.
The Teton fault, Wyoming: seismotectonics, Quaternary history, and earthquake hazards. Geology of Wyoming: Geological Survey of Wyoming Memoir. No. 5, p. 628–667.
Many of the forests are evergreen, and the South Andean Yungas contains what may be the last evergreen forests resulting from Quaternary glaciations.
Fossils similar to Maclura tricuspidata have been collected from the Eocene of France, Miocene of Bulgaria, Pliocene of China and Quaternary of Japan.
800 BCE.Tewari, Rakesh, (2011). "...Given Another Life...", in Man and Environment XXXVI(1)(2011), Indian Society for Prehistoric and Quaternary Studies, p. 23.
RNA is subdivided into many categories, including messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), long non- coding RNA (lncRNA), and several other small functional RNAs. Whereas many proteins have quaternary structure, the majority of RNA molecules have only primary through tertiary structure but function as individual molecules rather than as multi-subunit structures. Some types of RNA show clear quaternary structure that is essential for function, whereas other types of RNA function as single molecules and do not associate with other molecules to form quaternary structures.Symmetrical complexes of RNA molecules are extremely uncommon compared to protein oligomers.
After Newberry Volcano, Mazama is the second largest Quaternary volcanic edifice in Oregon, and the most voluminous, with an overall volume of . Mazama is the newest of the Quaternary calderas in the Cascade Volcanic Arc, which also include the Newberry calderas and the caldera at the Medicine Lake Volcano. Quaternary monogenetic volcanism throughout Oregon's High Cascades includes cinder cones, lava fields, and small shield volcanoes, which have produced lava ranging from low-potassium, high-alumina olivine tholeiite to medium-potassium calc-alkaline basalt, basaltic andesite to shoshonitic basaltic andesite. The Mazama volcanic complex originally formed as a cluster of overlapping edifices.
In addition, he developed his own, currently widely used, Quaternary gravel research method, he was a pioneer in Poland of universal use of aerial and satellite images for geological and geomorphological cartography, as well as the use of high-resolution seismics for lake sediment research. He developed his own gravitational core probe for collecting sediments from the lake bottom. Together with Prof. Elżbieta Mycielska-Dowgiałło he co-edited and contributed to two books: “Researches of Quaternary sediments, some methods and interpretation of the results” (1995) and another one on studies of textural features of Quaternary sediments and some methods of their dating (2007).
The basement consists mainly of Precambrian-Paleozoic metamorphic rocks with intruded granitic, mafic and ultramafic rocks of Paleozoic age; these metamorphic rocks are also known as the Puncoviscana Formation. There are Paleogene-Neogene continental sequences. It is mostly buried beneath Quaternary sediments; outcrops have characteristic dark colours. The Quaternary sediments in turn contain both aeolian, colluvium and alluvium-derived sediments.
Since planet Earth still has ice sheets, geologists consider the Quaternary glaciation to be ongoing, with the Earth now experiencing an interglacial period. During the Quaternary glaciation, ice sheets appeared. During glacial periods they expanded, and during interglacial periods they contracted. Since the end of the last glacial period, the only surviving ice sheets are the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets.
The high status associated with the cinnabar pigment and its red tone suggest that the jaguar was linked to the ritual importance of closing a temple for renewal.Juárez-Rodríguez, O., Argote-Espino D., Santos-Ramírez, M., & López- García, P. (2017). Portable XRF analysis for the identification of raw materials of the Red Jaguar sculpture in Chichén Itzá, Mexico. Quaternary International, Quaternary International.
Instead, it must bind as bis- quaternary (inter-site). These structures are very dissimilar from acetylcholine and free pipecuronium from nicotinic or muscarinic side-effects linked to acetylcholine moiety. Also, they protect the molecule from hydrolysis by cholinesterases, which explain its nature of kidney excretion. The four methyl-groups on the quaternary N atoms make it less lipophilic than most aminosteroids.
The Cromerian had been equated to the Aftonian in North America. However, the Aftonian, along with the Yarmouthian (Yarmouth), Kansan, and Nebraskan, have been abandoned by North American Quaternary geologists and merged into the Pre-Illinoian.Hallberg, G.R., 1986, Pre-Wisconsin glacial stratigraphy of the Central Plains region in Iowa, Nebraska, Kansas, and Missouri, Quaternary Science Reviews. vol. 5, pp. 11-15.
The term quaternary care is sometimes used as an extension of tertiary care in reference to advanced levels of medicine which are highly specialized and not widely accessed. Experimental medicine and some types of uncommon diagnostic or surgical procedures are considered quaternary care. These services are usually only offered in a limited number of regional or national health care centers.Alberta Physician Link.
During the Tertiary, Kansas was a savannah subjected to greater rainfall and a more moderate climate. Later in the Cenozoic, during the Quaternary, glaciers intruded southward into the northeastern part of the state, although they stayed only briefly. Much of Quaternary Kansas was covered in coniferous forests and savannahs. These environments were home to creatures like camels, saber-teeth, mammoths, and mastodons.
This results in the region having a steppe vegetation above elevation with about precipitation. Above elevation lies a montane desert climate with precipitation amounting to . During the Quaternary, the Altiplano was at times wetter than today, resulting in the formation of lakes. Much of the watershed is dominated by Oligocene to Quaternary age volcanic rocks formed by basalt, basaltic andesite, andesite and dacite.
During the wood treatment process, the water-soluble copper and the quaternary ammonium cations are immobilized by the formation of stable insoluble compounds with lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose and other wood components. The copper is the primary bactericide and fungicide agent. The quaternary ammonium cation is added to prevent growth of copper-tolerant bacteria, fungus, and mold, as an insecticide.
In 1978, the Paleogene was officially defined as the Paleocene, Eocene, and Oligocene epochs; and the Neogene as the Miocene and Pliocene epochs. In 1989, Tertiary and Quaternary were removed from the time scale due to the arbitrary nature of their boundary, but Quaternary was reinstated in 2009, which may lead to the reinstatement of the Tertiary in the future.
Despite the global changes in climate that were responsible for the major glaciations cycles, the dating of the Alpine ice sheet advances does not correlate automatically with the farthest extent of the Scandinavian ice sheet.Sibrava, V., Bowen, D.Q, and Richmond, G.M.: Quaternary Glaciations in the Northern Hemisphere, Quaternary Science Reviews. vol. 5, 1986, p. 1–514Wighart von Koenigswald: Lebendige Eiszeit.
Other assemblies referred to instead as multiprotein complexes also possess quaternary structure. Examples include nucleosomes and microtubules. Changes in quaternary structure can occur through conformational changes within individual subunits or through reorientation of the subunits relative to each other. It is through such changes, which underlie cooperativity and allostery in "multimeric" enzymes, that many proteins undergo regulation and perform their physiological function.
The marine limestone underlying the Bimini Road dates to the Sangamonian Stage, the last interglacial, when sea level was last high enough for the marine sediments, now lithified into limestone, to have accumulated.Carewa, J.L., and J.E. Mylroie, 1995, Quaternary tectonic stability of the Bahamian archipelago: evidence from fossil coral reefs and flank margin caves. Quaternary Science Reviews. v. 14, no.
The Sommelet–Hauser rearrangement (named after M. SommeletM. Sommelet, Compt. Rend. 205, 56 (1937). and Charles R. HauserRearrangements of Benzyltrimethylammonium Ion and Related Quaternary Ammonium Ions by Sodium Amide Involving Migration into the Ring Simon W. Kantor, Charles R. Hauser J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1951, 73 (9), pp 4122–4131 ) is a rearrangement reaction of certain benzyl quaternary ammonium salts.
The Paleic surface is sometimes erroneously considered equal to Norway's "pre-glacial surface" – the surface that existed in Norway just before the Quaternary glaciations.
ArsC forms an active quaternary complex with GSH, arsenate, and glutaredoxin 1 (Grx1). The three ligands must be present simultaneously for reduction to occur.
Calcareous shales from the Canberra Formation are overlain by Quaternary alluvium. This rock is the limestone of the original title of Canberra "Limestone Plains".
Thus, using this approach, CTAB was identified as a potential apoptogenic quaternary ammonium compound possessing in vitro and in vivo efficacy against HNC models.
T-1123 is a quaternary ammonium ion. A phenyl carbamate ester is bonded in the meta position to the nitrogen on a diethylmethyl amine.
The global climate cooled considerably over the course of the Neogene, culminating in a series of continental glaciations in the Quaternary Period that follows.
Among his important contributions was the elucidation of climate record contained in the Loess Plateau sediments of China, and the recognition of the role of volcanism in explaining the cold temperatures of the Little Ice Age Porter was honored for his work with numerous awards, including two awards from the Chinese Academy of Science, and the Kirk Bryan Award from the Geological Society of America. He was awarded in 2004 the Distinguished Career Award from the American Quaternary Association () and in 2011 the International Union for Quaternary Research (INQUA) Distinguished Career Medal. Porter served as president of both the American Quaternary Association (1992-1994) and the International Union for Quaternary Research (INQUA) (1995-1999), and was an elected Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the Geological Society of America and the Arctic Institute of North America.
Books Siegert, M.J. Ice sheets and Late Quaternary environmental change. John Wiley, Chichester, UK, 231pp. (2001). Florindo, F. and Siegert, M.J. (eds.). Antarctic Climate Evolution.
The active form of mercury(II) reductase is found as a homodimer. It has a quaternary conformation and the monomer is composed of two domains.
This species occurs in the demersal zone of the Atlantic Ocean from Southern Brazil to Patagonia Fossils have been found in Quaternary strata in Brazil.
Raised marine deposits of sand and gravel occur widely around the margins of the island, a legacy of late Quaternary changes in relative sea-level.
Raised marine deposits of sand and gravel occur widely around the margins of the island, a legacy of late Quaternary changes in relative sea-level.
The fault deforms Quaternary volcanic debris flows and ash deposits.Paris et al., 2000a, p.21 The Espejo River follows the strike of the Montenegro Fault.
Schizaeales had a northern hemisphere concentration as late as the Mesozoic, but by the Quaternary, there was a clear shift to a southern hemisphere distribution.
Fossils of the genus Fedaiella are found in the marine strata of the Quaternary of Japan, the Paleocene of Poland and the Triassic of Italy.
Quaternary International, vol.30.Carreck, JN (1966). Microtine remains from the Norwich Crag (Lower Pleistocene) of Easton Bavents, Suffolk. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, vol.
It preserves fossils of the Quaternary period in the Cenozoic Era. Among the fossils found in the Tecopa Lake Beds is Capricamelus gettyi, a camelid.
Latrubesse's research is on fluvial, tropical, and aeolian geomorphology, Quaternary geology, impacts of human activities on geosystems, multidisciplinary environmental research, hazards, and global change environments.
The River is brown in colour as its waters are rich in sediments washed in from the soft Miocene to Quaternary sediments within its catchment.
Studies suggest that objects in Maya culture were imbued with vital essence, so the choice of painting the jaguar red may be a reflection of these beliefs, deeming the jaguar as an offering.Juárez-Rodríguez, O., Argote- Espino D., Santos-Ramírez, M., & López-García, P. (2017). Portable XRF analysis for the identification of raw materials of the Red Jaguar sculpture in Chichén Itzá, Mexico. Quaternary International, Quaternary International.
Precambrian rocks of the Archean to Neoproterozoic Age form the central part of the Republic of the Congo, overlain by continental Cretaceous and Tertiary Sediments.Geological Altas of Africa The East is made up of Quaternary alluvial sedimentation. The Coastal basin is made up of Cretaceous to Quaternary marine sediments, including phosphatic sequences and evaporites. The Precambrian Mayombe Range boards the basin to the East.
The shape of the Vale of Ewyas to the south and west of the ridge strongly suggests that it was occupied by a glacier during at least one ice age, though not perhaps during the last ice age.Humpage, J.A. and Thomas, G.S.P. in Carr, S.J. et al (eds) Quaternary of the Brecon Beacons: a field guide 2007 Quaternary Research Association p184 The plateau was probably ice-free.
Wilson PW and Jarman D (2015b): The Robinson rock slope failure. In McDougall DA and Evans DJA (eds), The Quaternary of the Lake District - Field Guide. Quaternary Research Association, London, 201-211 Littledale Edge marks the beheading of the original dale by the more vigorous Buttermere valley, fed by ice escaping through Honister Pass from Borrowdale. This geologically recent deep incision has destabilised the slope.
The palaeoecology of marine organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts has been extensively studied, more particularly in the Quaternary. Changes in Quaternary dinocyst assemblages reflect the palaeoceanography through variations in productivity, temperature, salinity and ice cover.de Vernal, A., Rochon, A., 2011. Dinocysts as tracers of sea-surface conditions and sea-ice cover in polar and subpolar environments, IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 14, 012007.
The Bamaoqiongzong, Yongbohu and Qiangbaqian volcanoes appear to be of Quaternary age, seeing as their deposits lie above Pliocene-Pleistocene rocks. Lava flows from Bamaoqiongzong lie on Quaternary lake deposits. Argon-argon dating has yielded ages of 30-26, 18 and 15-14 million years ago for the fields respectively however. Potassium-argon dating of Bamaoqiongzong has yielded ages ranging from 20 to 28.6 million years ago.
Throughout his career he has maintained a wide interest in Quaternary Science in general, and the British Quaternary geology in particular. His research has been mainly based on the understanding of interglacial and cold-climate period palaeobotany and stratigraphy, but also sedimentation and periglaciation. As well as inspiring three generations of research students, he has published numerous reviews, over 120 papers and 9 books.
Anticholinergic drugs used to treat overactive bladder were all amines as of 2003. Quaternary ammonium cations in general are more hydrophilic than other amines and don't cross membranes well, so they tend to be poorly absorbed from the digestive system, and to not cross the blood-brain barrier. Oxybutynin, tolterodine, darifenacin, and solifenacin are tertiary amines while trospium chloride and propantheline are quaternary amines.
The present landscape of Ireland had more or less formed. Before the Quaternary glaciations affected Ireland the landscape had a thick weathered regolith on the uplands and karst in the lowlands. Pre-Quaternary relief was more dramatic than today's smoothed landforms. Since about 1.7 million years ago, the Earth has been subjected to a cycle of warm and cold stages and these have, inevitably, affected Ireland.
The Carolina Sandhills is a 10-35 mi wide physiographic region within the innermost part of the Atlantic Coastal Plain province.Swezey, C.S., Fitzwater, B.A., Whittecar, G.R., Mahan, S.A., Garrity, C.P., Aleman Gonzalez, W.B., and Dobbs, K.M., 2016, "The Carolina Sandhills: Quaternary eolian sand sheets and dunes along the updip margin of the Atlantic Coastal Plain province, southeastern United States": Quaternary Research, v. 86, p. 271-286; www.cambridge.
The existence of stone river duo to the quaternary glacier movements. The large scale of the fourth stone glaciers in Shangyu, the richness of the ancient glacial kinds and located in such low latitudes and low altitude area is rare all over the word, which is called the world wonder. Discovery results has proved that in the early Quaternary period of about 2.9 to 3 million 500 thousand years ago, this area did have a large scale of ancient glacial movement. It can provide important practical data for the study of quaternary geological history, climate and environmental evolution in east Asia and the world.
The hydrogen atoms in the ammonium ion can be substituted with an alkyl group or some other organic group to form a substituted ammonium ion (IUPAC nomenclature: aminium ion). Depending on the number of organic groups, the ammonium cation is called a primary, secondary, tertiary, or quaternary. With the exception of the quaternary ammonium cations, the organic ammonium cations are weak acids. An example of a reaction forming an ammonium ion is that between dimethylamine, (CH3)2NH, and an acid to give the dimethylammonium cation, (CH3)2NH: :400px Quaternary ammonium cations have four organic groups attached to the nitrogen atom, they lack a hydrogen atom bonded to the nitrogen atom.
The oldest post-glacial sediments include sand dunes and stream terraces in the western part of the state. Quaternary geologists, such as Joe Hartshorn (namesake of the Hartshorn Quaternary Laboratory at UMASS-Amherst) began the process of mapping surficial geology in Massachusetts in the 1960s with the final mapping of all quadrants finished by 2018. Overlapping this effort, the US Department of Agricultural conducted a series of soil surveys in the 1960s and 1970s. In addition to naturally occurring deposits, Quaternary geologists have also mapped "artificial till" including fill for roads, railroads and dams as well as cranberry bog deposits with coarse sand filled in over swampland.
A Holocene Molluscan Succession from Floodplain Sediments of the Upper Lena River Valley (Lake Baikal Region), Siberia. Quaternary Science Reviews, vol. 27(9-10): 962–87.
Several close fault lines parallel the west-southwest-facing scarp. The high Piendamó scarp is one of the largest for neotectonic Quaternary faults in western Colombia.
Huuse,and H. Lykke-Andersen (2000).Overdeepened Quaternary valleys in the eastern Danish North Sea: morphology and origin.Quaternary Science Reviews 19. p. 1233-1253Daniel Praeg (2003).
Large areas of peat were laid down on the Somerset Levels, particularly in the River Brue Valley, during the Quaternary period after the ice sheets melted.
These embryos made up the second confirmed embryonic fossils from before the Quaternary Period as well as the first confirmed postcranial fossils of G. minuta found.
The confluence of the Isère and Rhône and fluvial erosion caused by their waters, in the Quaternary, formed four superimposed terraces which are located in Valence.
Quaternary International 126-128:5-20J. Shoshani and P. Tassy. 1996. Summary, conclusions, and a glimpse into the future. in J. Shoshani and P. Tassy, eds.
" The Mammoth Site of South Dakota. Inc. Hot Springs, South Dakota.Laury, R.L., 1980. "Paleoenvironment of a late Quaternary mammoth-bearing sinkhole deposit, Hot Springs, South Dakota.
In mathematics, a quaternary cubic form is a degree 3 homogeneous polynomial in four variables. The zeros form a cubic surface in 3-dimensional projective space.
Knuepfer, RLK (1988) Estimating ages of late Quaternary stream terraces from analysis of weathering rinds and soils. Geological Society of America Bulletin. 100(1):1224–1,236.
The largely dolomite formation seems to have formed in a deep reef offshore environment. Five limestone terrace formed during the past 2.5 million years of the Quaternary.
This species occurs in the Caribbean Sea off Colombia; also off Southern Brazil (Estado de Santa Catarina) Fossils have been found in Quaternary strata of Florida, USA.
Mole Gap has a variety of Quaternary landforms and there are well developed river cliffs where alluvial fans have diverted the River Mole against the valley sides.
Cement factories rely on the Cretaceous Mammeltain and Chekkaa Formations. Historically, Quaternary travertine, oolitic limestone from the Maameltain Formation and other limestones were used for decorative architecture.
Geological Society of London, London.Peltier, W.R., 2002, Global glacial isostatic adjustment: Palaeogeodetic and space-geodetic tests of the ICE-4G (VM2) model. Journal of Quaternary Science. v.
Tetra-n-butylammonium iodide (TBAI) is a quaternary ammonium salt with an iodide counterion. It is used for synthesizing tetra-n-butylammonium triiodide by mixing with iodine.
Wonambi is an extinct genus of madtsoiid snakes that lived in late Neogene to late Quaternary Australia. Species of Wonambi were constrictor snakes unrelated to Australian pythons.
In the Cenozoic, the marine transgression continued, extending to the Tibesti area by the Early Eocene. The subsidence remained irregular, creating different blocks of rock. This process became more complicated, as fault troughs formed in the Oligocene due to tectonic stretching of the African block and continued into Miocene, Pliocene and Quaternary. The current boundaries of the Gulf of Sirte are the result of Pliocene and Quaternary flexures in the rock.
Quaternary Research Association, London, 2006. In the south-east of England it diverted the River Thames from its old course through the Vale of St Albans south to its present position. This stage had been equated to the Kansan Stage in North America. However, the terms Kansan Stage, along with Yarmouth, Nebraskan, and Aftonian stages, have been abandoned by North American Quaternary geologists and merged into the Pre-Illinoian stage.
In general, there are uplifted Tertiary sediments on the east and Quaternary sediments on the western side of the fault. The fault appears to be a northern continuation of the Remolino-El Charco Fault. The fault controls drainage of the Guapi River, locally offsets Quaternary deposits, and forms folded paleosoils, elongated basins and ridges and has strong general linear features. Along the coast, it forms typical fault-controlled linear landforms.
This sector evolves in well-developed countries where the primary and secondary sectors are a minority of the economy, and requires a highly educated workforce. Between them, the tertiary and quaternary sectors form the largest part of the UK economy, employing 76% of the workforce. The number of people who earn their living in these activities is increasing. Companies invest in the quaternary sector to promote further expansion.
The Andean uplifted eastern block mainly comprises crystalline igneous and metamorphic rocks of Paleozoic and pre- Cambrian age, with lesser amounts of Jurassic, Triassic and Tertiary sedimentary rocks. In the western downthrown block, predominately sedimentary rocks of Quaternary and Tertiary age are found, with lesser amounts of Cretaceous and Jurassic rocks. The northern half of the fault is partially covered by Quaternary deposits in the Cesar and Magdalena valleys.
Beaumont's views on the status and dating of the Stone Age in Southern Africa ran counter to the prevailing views, and, until incontrovertible evidence had been produced, led to a marked split in the ranks of archaeology. He was elected president of the South African Society for Quaternary Research in 1995, and vice-president of the International Union for Quaternary Research Congress hosted by South Africa in 1999.
He was appointed a research associate at the Laboratory of Xi'an Loess and Quaternary Geology (), in 1985, becoming research scientist in 1989. In 1991, he was elected a fellow of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. In 1995, he was appointed director of the Laboratory of Xi'an Loess and Quaternary Geology and dean of the Xi'an Branch, Chinese Academy of sciences (Shanxi Provincial Academy of Sciences), serving until 2000.
This collision formed the Teshio and Yūbari Mountains. The Ōu Mountains form the backbone of the volcanic part of the inner arc that run from Natsudomari Peninsula in Aomori Prefecture south to Mount Nikkō-Shirane in Tochigi and Gunma prefectures. The volcanic front consists of four north to south lines of Quaternary volcanoes and calderas, which extend the length of the range. It also includes the Quaternary volcanoes of southwestern Hokkaido.
Methylnaltrexone bromide is the bromide salt form of methylnaltrexone, a quaternary methyl derivative of noroxymorphone. The methyl group and the quaternary salt formation increase the polarity and reduce the lipid solubility thereby restricts the blood-brain-barrier penetration. Methylnaltrexone has eight times higher affinity for MOR than for κ-opioid receptor (KOR) and δ-opioid receptor (DOR). Naltrexone forms interaction with Asp147 and Tyr148 along with a hydrogen bond with Lys233.
Many proteins are actually assemblies of multiple polypeptide chains. The quaternary structure refers to the number and arrangement of the protein subunits with respect to one another. Examples of proteins with quaternary structure include hemoglobin, DNA polymerase, and ion channels. Enzymes composed of subunits with diverse functions are sometimes called holoenzymes, in which some parts may be known as regulatory subunits and the functional core is known as the catalytic subunit.
The geology under the city of Tallinn is made up of rocks and sediments of different composition and age. Youngest are the Quaternary deposits. The material of these deposits are till, varved clay, sand, gravel and pebbles that are of glacial, marine and lacustrine origin. Some of the Quaternary deposits are valuable as they constitute aquifers or, as in the case of gravels and sands, are used as construction materials.
It's characterized by the interaction of the three most important lithosperic plates in the region: Nazca, Caribbean and South American. A northwest-southwest oriented direction of compression produces vertical and horizontal deformation components, with the formation of thrusts align the Andean borders, and strike-slip faults. The split of Venezuelan Andes apparently began in the Late Eocene, and its present height was probably attained before the Quaternary. During the Quaternary.
The Mesozoic and much of the Cenozoic are poorly attested in Estonia. However, extensive sediments and landforms remain from the last 2.5 million years of the Quaternary. A thin blanket of Quaternary sediments covers the plains of western Estonia. The Baltic Sea and Gulf of Finland are relatively deep erosional features in the bedrock, as are the lake basins of Vortsjarv and Peipsi, which were deepened by glaciers during the Pleistocene.
Fire in the boreal forest. Quaternary Research 3: 444–464.Heinselman, M. L. 1981. Fire and succession in the conifer forests of northern North America. pp. 374–405.
"Quaternary Subglacial And Explosive Volcanism In The Canadian Cascade Arc (Sea-To-Sky Corridor), British Columbia." GSA Field Guide 38.(2014): 125-167. GeoRef. Web. 15 Sept. 2016.
One of the chemical names for the compound is lidocaine benzylbenzoate, although denatonium only denotes the quaternary ammonium cation species itself, and does not necessitate the benzoate counterion.
This reaction effects N-methylation using formaldehyde with formic acid as the reductant. These tertiary amines are precursors to quaternary ammonium salts used for a variety of applications.
Eurythoe complanata Complanine is a quaternary ammonium compound isolated from the marine fireworm Eurythoe complanata. It causes an inflammatory effect upon contact with the skin or mucous membranes.
Irwin- Williams, Cynthia, and C.Vance Haynes, Jr. (1970). "Climatic Change and Early Population Dynamics in the Southwestern United States." Quaternary Research. 1(1):59-71. Irwin-Williams, Cynthia.
Subsequent salt tectonism has produced salt diapirs 10 kilometers in diameter, rising five kilometers through overhead rock and some are less than 200 meters deep in Quaternary rocks.
Svante Björck is a Swedish Quaternary geologist and professor emeritus active at Lund University.Svante Björck In 2006 he was named Geologist of the Year by Geosektionen of Naturvetarna.
The Gulf of İzmir was formed during the Quaternary geological period. The east-west direction pit of the gulf was formed as a result of breaking the faults.
The quaternary entrepreneur, The avant garde of non-material capitalism, Gian Paolo Prandstraller, 2009 Staff writers do not necessarily get printed credit for their contributions to the song.
"Subglacial till: the deforming glacier bed." Review of. Quaternary Science Reviews 22 (15):1659-85. In the glaciological literature three forms of subglacial meltwater channels are commonly mentioned.
They comprise mainly the Jeckenbach Subformation, the Odernheim Subformation, the Disibodenberg Formation, the Oberkirchen Formation and the Thallichtenberg Formation, along with deposits in the dales of Quaternary origin.
1290 Infinity Quaternary Pump. Agilent The term "UPLC" is a trademark of the Waters Corporation, but is sometimes used to refer to the more general technique of UHPLC.
Other Quaternary volcanic centres in the region are Nelson Island and the Kusilvak Mountains. Olivine basalt is the principal volcanic rock but basanite and nephelinite are also found.
Glycine betaine aldehyde is a short chain aldehyde and quaternary ammonium compound. It can be considered a derivative of the amino acid glycine. Its chemical formula is C5H12NO+.
More recent sedimentary deposits of Quaternary age include both present day beach deposits and raised marine deposits around Iona as well as some restricted areas of blown sand.
The Neogene traditionally ended at the end of the Pliocene Epoch, just before the older definition of the beginning of the Quaternary Period; many time scales show this division. However, there was a movement amongst geologists (particularly marine geologists) to also include ongoing geological time (Quaternary) in the Neogene, while others (particularly terrestrial geologists) insist the Quaternary to be a separate period of distinctly different record. The somewhat confusing terminology and disagreement amongst geologists on where to draw what hierarchical boundaries is due to the comparatively fine divisibility of time units as time approaches the present, and due to geological preservation that causes the youngest sedimentary geological record to be preserved over a much larger area and to reflect many more environments than the older geological record. By dividing the Cenozoic Era into three (arguably two) periods (Paleogene, Neogene, Quaternary) instead of seven epochs, the periods are more closely comparable to the duration of periods in the Mesozoic and Paleozoic eras.
Mammalian ADHs are all dimeric enzymes but certain bacterial ADHs also share a tetrameric quaternary structure. SDH from silver leaf whitefly and that from yeast ADH1 both lack a structural zinc site and share a tetrameric quaternary structure, thus showing a close evolutionary relationship from a structural viewpoint between the two classes of proteins (ADH and SDH). The general binding process in SDH is described by the gain in free energy, which can be determined from the rate of association and dissociation between subunits. Assembly of the four subunits (A,B,C and D) in SDH A hydrogen-bonding network between subunits has been shown to be important for the stability of the tetrameric quaternary protein structure.
Parallels can be drawn between quaternary numerals and the way genetic code is represented by DNA. The four DNA nucleotides in alphabetical order, abbreviated A, C, G and T, can be taken to represent the quaternary digits in numerical order 0, 1, 2, and 3. With this encoding, the complementary digit pairs 0↔3, and 1↔2 (binary 00↔11 and 01↔10) match the complementation of the base pairs: A↔T and C↔G and can be stored as data in DNA sequence. For example, the nucleotide sequence GATTACA can be represented by the quaternary number 2033010 (= decimal 9156 or binary 10 00 11 11 00 01 00).
The D ring shows excellent properties validating Beers and Reich's rule with great precision. As a result, vecuronium has the greatest potency and specificity of all mono-quaternary compounds.
However, the Quaternary movement is believed to be sinistral. Before Miocene time, most of the faults of northern and western Colombia probably had dextral movement.Paris et al., 2000a, p.
Tibezonium iodide (or tibenzonium iodide) is an antiseptic for use in the mouth. It is a salt consisting of a lipophilic quaternary ammonium cation and iodide as the counterion.
Heme b group Hemoglobin has a quaternary structure characteristic of many multi-subunit globular proteins.van Kessel et al. (2003) "2.4 Proteins – Natural Polyamides." Chemistry 12. Toronto: Nelson, p. 122.
Quaternary Research, vol. 57, pp. 253–258 In September 2014, the Russian Navy re- established a Soviet era naval base on Kotelny Island which had lain abandoned since 1993.
Dinoflagellate cyst terminology. Geological survey of Canada, Paper 76-24, 1-11. There are few guides for determination of marine Quaternary dinocysts.Rochon, A., de Vernal, A., Turon, J.-L.
Nature 324, 137–140.C. Waelbroeck, L. Labeyrie, E. Michel, et al., (2002) Sea-level and deep water temperature changes derived from benthic foraminifera isotopic records. Quaternary Science Reviews.
In: Gibbard, PL & Zalasiewicz, JA (eds). Pliocene-Middle Pleistocene of East Anglia Field Guide. Quaternary Research Association, 1988. . The use of molluscan fossils for climatic reconstruction has proved problematic.
Maher, B & Hallam (2005). Palaeomagnetic correlation and dating of Plio/Pleistocene sediments at the southern margins of the North Sea Basin. Journal of Quaternary Science, vol.20, pt.1.
Jack Souther added several hundred Quaternary aged volcanoes on Canadian maps throughout his career. His work contributed to the closing of Canada's gap in the Pacific Ring of Fire.
Some computers have used quaternary floating point arithmetic including the Illinois ILLIAC II (1962) and the Digital Field System DFS IV and DFS V high-resolution site survey systems.
Ferdinand Canu (1863-1932) was a French paleontologist and author. In 1923 he was awarded Daniel Giraud Elliot Medal for his work North American Later Tertiary and Quaternary Bryozoa.
Gösta Lundqvist (March 24, 1894 – June 30, 1967) was a Swedish geologist. Lundqvist's research was mainly focused on the Quaternary soils, but he was also a pioneer in limnology.
Some of the volcanoes in the area are highly alkaline. Alluvium and lake sediments of Quaternary age occur in parts of the Western Rift and along rivers and lakes.
Viereck, L.A. (1973). "Wildfire in the taiga of Alaska." Quaternary Res. 3:465–495. on the banks of streams and borders of swamps (Sargent 1898, Kenety 1917, Rowe 1972).
Basic Red 18 is a cationic azo dye used for coloring textiles. The chromophore is the cation, which contains many functional groups, but most prominently the quaternary ammonium center. It is produced by azo coupling of 2-chloro-4-nitrophenyldiazonium cation with the quaternary ammonium salt derived from N-ethyl-N-(2-chloroethyl)aniline and trimethylamine.. Like many dyes, methods for the removal of Basic Red 18 from waste streams has received much attention.
Richmond, G.M. and D.S. Fullerton, 1986, Summation of Quaternary glaciations in the United States of America, Quaternary Science Reviews. vol. 5, pp. 183–196. Clayey tills and large boulders, called "glacial erratics", were left on the hillsides during the period when ice sheets covered eastern Nebraska two or three times. During various periods of the remainder of the Pleistocene and into the Holocene, the glacial drift was buried by silty, wind-blown sediment called "loess".
Vijayan's students and postdocs have dealt with four of the five structural classes of plant lectins. They have studied in detail lectins from peanut, winged bean (basic and acidic), jackfruit (jacalin and artocarpin), garlic, banana and snake gourd. The work on lectins demonstrated the need for considering open quaternary structures when dealing with multimeric proteins and the variability in the quaternary association of legume lectins. and lectins with the β-prism I fold.
Bacteriophage φ29 prohead RNA (pRNA) has the ability to form quaternary structure. pRNA is able to form into a quaternary structure by oligimerizing to create the capsid that encloses the genomic DNA of bacteriophage. Several molecules of pRNA surround the genome, and through stacking interactions and base pairing the pRNAs enclose and the protect the DNA. Crystallography studies show that pRNA forms tetrameric rings, although cryo-EM structures suggest pRNA may also form pentameric rings.
Asymmetric Heck reactions establish quaternary or tertiary stereocenters. If migratory insertion generates a quaternary center adjacent to the palladium-carbon bond (as in reactions of trisubstituted or 1,1-disubstituted alkenes), β-hydride elimination toward that center is not possible and it is retained in the product. Similarly, β-hydride elimination is not possible if a hydrogen syn to the palladium-carbon bond is not available. Thus, tertiary stereocenters can be established in conformationally restricted systems.
There is no old-established name for these heights, but they have been termed the "Nairnshire Hills".Jarman D (2017): Very long-term landscape evolution - a geomorphological contextual approach. In Merritt JW, Auton CA and Phillips E (eds) The Quaternary around Nairn and the Inverness Firth - Field Guide. Quaternary Research Association, London, 18-27 The coast forms an arc shape, with the Whiteness Head peninsula in the west and The Bar peninsula in the east.
The Mesozoic Jurassic rocks are mainly brown sandstone, conglomerate, variegated mudstone and glutenite. The Cenozoic is made up of Tertiary and Quaternary strata. The Tertiary is sandstone, sticky sandstone, and mudstone; the Quaternary strata are loose rock formations composed of Wenyu alluvial deposits. The west is the Wenhe alluvial fan, the east is the Weihe alluvial fan, and the two overlapping alluvial fans are located in the area of Qianqian-Da'an-Tianqi Temple.
Quaternary is the base- numeral system. It uses the digits 0, 1, 2 and 3 to represent any real number. Four is the largest number within the subitizing range and one of two numbers that is both a square and a highly composite number (the other being 36), making quaternary a convenient choice for a base at this scale. Despite being twice as large, its radix economy is equal to that of binary.
The Quaternary Period in the United States – Developments in Quaternary Science, Amsterdam, Elsevier. provides detailed records of paleoenvironmental changes that have occurred throughout the last 10,000 to 15,000 years as reconstructed from pollen and other paleoenvironmental data from over a thousand sites throughout North America. These records do not recognize indications of either a resulting catastrophic environmental devastation or layers of tsunami deposits, which the mega-tsunamis postulated by Tollmann's bolide hypothesis would have created.
It is formed as result of various attractive forces like hydrogen bonding, disulfide bridges, hydrophobic interactions, hydrophilic interactions, van der Waals force etc. When two or more polypeptide chains (either of identical or of different sequence) cluster to form a protein, quaternary structure of protein is formed. Quaternary structure is an attribute of polymeric (same-sequence chains) or heteromeric (different- sequence chains) proteins like hemoglobin, which consists of two "alpha" and two "beta" polypeptide chains.
Tectonic activity rapidly resumed in the late Pliocene, leading to erosion of continental sediments into intermontane basins into the Quaternary. Folding developed into the Quaternary in the Tien Shan mountains as global changes in climate brought on the Pleistocene ice ages. Most ridges in the mountain range are asymmetric anticlines bounded by reverse and thrust faults. Folding and thrusting is often oriented toward major basins like the Fergana, Chur or Tarim basins.
Rouiba is located in the eastern end of the Mitidja Plain, which is a zone of continuous subsidence, which has given rise to an active sedimentation whose elements come from the reliefs of Atlas of Blida. At the end of the Pliocene and the Quaternary periods, two aquifer reservoirs became individualized. It is the Astien formed by limestones and sandstones of continental origin. The alluvial quaternary consists essentially of pebbles and gravel.
Boreas is a peer-reviewed academic journal that has been published on behalf of the Collegium Boreas since 1972. The journal covers all branches of quaternary research, including biological and non-biological aspects of the quaternary environment in both glaciated and non-glaciated areas. Formerly published by Taylor & Francis, Boreas has been published by Wiley-Blackwell since 1998. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2012 impact factor of 2.457.
Jan Lundqvist (4 August 1926) is a Swedish geologist. He is son of Gösta Lundqvist and brother of Thomas Lundqvist, both of whom are geologists. Jan Lundqvist worked at Geological Survey of Sweden from 1951 to 80 and obtained a Ph.D. degree in Quaternary geology at Stockholms högskola in 1958, becoming in also a teacher in that institution. Jan Lundqvist is considered among the foremost authorities on the Quaternary geology of Fennoscandia.
Archaeological evidence for climatic change during the last 2000 years in southern Africa. Quaternary International 33: 55–60. # Huffman, T.N. 1996. Snakes and Crocodiles: Power and symbolism in Ancient Zimbabwe.
Bouameur, Jamal-Eddine, et al. "Interaction of plectin with keratins 5 and 14: dependence on several plectin domains and keratin quaternary structure." Journal of Investigative Dermatology 134.11 (2014): 2776-2783.
Increasing the temperature further decreased the mechanical properties. Liu et al. studied a series of quaternary non-equimolar high-entropy alloys AlxCo15Cr15Ni70-x with x ranging from 0 to 35%.
Late-Quaternary Environments of the United States. (pp. 239–258) University of Minnesota Press.Brunsfeld S, Sullivan J, Soltis D, Soltis P. (2001). Comparative phylogeography of northwestern North America: A synthesis.
Paleoceanography 23, PA3215, .Mertens, K. N., González, C., Delusina, I. & Louwye, S. (2009). 30000 years of productivity and salinity variations in the late Quaternary Cariaco Basin revealed by dinoflagellate cysts.
Deakin Volcanics red-purple and green grey rhyodacite with spherulitic texture cover most of Rivett except for Laidlaw Volcanics grey tuff on the southernmost quarter. Quaternary alluvium covers the center.
The tertiary veins run perpendicular to the secondary veins with an even spacing, while the quaternary veins are orthogonal to the tertiaries forming reticulated pattern of pentagonal and quadrangular spaces.
The city lies about 90 m above sea level. Quaternary sediments are mainly found in the area. Soil is very fertile that consists the mixture of clay, silt and sand.
The present geomorphology is marked by deep valleys, eroded as a result of the regional uplift. Throughout the Quaternary deposition of alluvium and freshwater tufa occurred in the valley bottoms.
Chymopapain presents a quaternary structure characterized by the formation of homo dimers, which means that two chymopapain chains join each other through weak interactions to conform one unique biological structure.
DABCO can be used to synthesize doubly-charged styrenic monomers. These ionic monomers allow synthesis of polyelectrolytes and ionomers with two cyclic quaternary ammonium cations on each ionic pendant group.
The solid geology of Baptist Mills comprises Triassic Redcliffe Sandstone, which is overlain by superficial deposits of Quaternary alluvium in the floodplain of the Horfield Brook and the River Frome.
Mangelia china is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae.MacNeil, Francis Stearns. "Tertiary and Quaternary gastropoda of Okinawa." US Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap.
The Garabagh highland is volcanic oriented and covers the southwestern of the Lesser Caucasus. Late Pliocene, Quaternary and Basaltic andesite lava outflows are typical for the relief of the highland.
41, article E3896.van Hoesel, A., W.Z. Hoek, G.M. Pennock, and M.R. Drury (2014) The Younger Dryas impact hypothesis: a critical review. Quaternary Science Reviews. vol. 83, pp. 95–114.
Cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) can give information about both a protein's tertiary and quaternary structure. It is particularly well-suited to large proteins and symmetrical complexes of protein subunits.
River terraces, glacial moraines and volcanic rocks from the last 2.5 million years of the Quaternary are present, but erratically distributed. Georgia experienced three periods of glaciation during the Pleistocene.
Deakin Volcanics green-grey and purple rhyodacite underlies the whole suburb. Deakin Volcanics cream rhyolite occurs on the top of Farrer Ridge. Quaternary alluvium can be found in the valley bottom.
Much of the geomorphology and surficial deposits of New England are a result of glaciation in the Quaternary period. The scoured New England landscape reveals evidence of the Wisconsin Glacial Period.
Quaternary sediments are buried beneath Bazman's eruption products. The Moho beneath Bazman is approximately deep. The area around Bazman is remote. A field of monogenetic volcanoes is found northwest of Bazman.
Chaetoceros phuketensis sp. nov. (Bacillariophyceae): a new species from the Andaman Sea. Phycological Research 48 (3): 161–168. Some species are known from the fossil record, from the Quaternary of Sweden.
Alma Mekondjo Nankela is a Namibian archaeologist, specializing in Quaternary and Prehistory. She is currently leading the Archaeology Unit in the Heritage Research Department at the National Heritage Council of Namibia.
The compound annonacin is contained in the fruit, seeds, and leaves of soursop. The leaves of Annona muricata contain annonamine, which is an aporphine-class alkaloid containing a quaternary ammonium group.
Mount Rishiri is made up of alkali and non- alkali mafic volcanic rock dating from the Late Pleistocene, 130,000–18,000 years ago. Otherwise it is covered in Quaternary volcanic rock debris.
Quaternary Period rock, glacial deposits and gravels exist in the Calder Valley. Coal, stone and gravel have all been exploited commercially. Foxson's mill was on the Halifax road out of Staincliffe.
Quaternary deposits are represented by peat in the north, present day marine deposits and raised marine deposits along the southwestern shore and a restricted area of glacial till in the interior.
A prefix that indicates an integer, e.g., "bin", "tern," or "quatern", may be used in lieu of a numeral, to produce "binary", "ternary", or "quaternary" (2, 3, and 4 states respectively).
The revised definition of the Quaternary, by pushing back the start date of the Pleistocene to 2.58 Ma, results in the inclusion of all the recent repeated glaciations within the Pleistocene.
It was reactivated in the Quaternary. The fault passes through the west part of the Edgar Dam. The fault is about long. the fault dips to the west 60–70 degrees.
Late Quaternary Regional Geoarchaeology of Southeast Alaska Karst: A Progress Report. Special Issue: Geoarchaeology of Caves and Cave Sediments. Geoarchaeology: An International Journal, E. James Dixon, ed., 12(6):689-712.
Geologically the lowland roughly corresponds to the eastern, lowest parts of the Vilyuy Syneclise. It is filled with Mesozoic deposits and Quaternary sands and loams, both of alluvial and eolian origin.
Rutter, N. (1995): Problematic ice sheets. Quaternary International, 28, 19-37. Wang, Hansheng (2001): Effects of glacial isostatic adjustment since the late Pleistocene on the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau. Geophys.
For example, when targeting anions, quaternary ammonium salts (such as tetraoctylammonium bromide) are used to provide cationic nature to the membrane, facilitating anion mobility through the substrate to the receptor moieties.
Acinonyx pardinensis (Carnivora, Felidae) from the Early Pleistocene of Pantalla (Italy): predatory behavior and ecological role of the giant Plio–Pleistocene cheetah. Quaternary Science Reviews, 87, 82-97.Geraads, D. (2014).
The Sommelet–Hauser rearrangement is a named reaction based on the work of Hauser and SommeletM. Sommelet, Compt. Rend. 205, 56 (1937). involving the rearrangement of certain benzyl quaternary ammonium salts.
Quaternary prevention is the set of health activities to mitigate or avoid the consequences of unnecessary or excessive intervention of the health system.Gervás J. La prevención cuaternaria. OMC. 2004;(95):8.
The village and parish lies on a bedrock of Oxford Clay Formation mudstone of blue-grey or olive-coloured clay formed some 156–165 million years ago in the Jurassic Period. The central area of the parish has river terrace deposits of sand and gravel from the Quaternary period, formed up to 3 million years ago by rivers. On the eastern side of the parish there are superficial deposits of alluvium (clay, silt, sand and gravel) formed up to 2 million years ago in the Quaternary period. The land to the west of the parish is marked by Oadby Member Diamicton, again of the Quaternary period, with rocks formed under Ice Age conditions by glaciers scouring the land in the last 2 million years.
The quaternary sector is the label used to describe a knowledge-based part of the economy, which typically includes knowledge-oriented economic sectors such as information technology; media; research and development; information-based services such as information-generation and information-sharing; and knowledge-based services such as consultation, education, financial planning, blogging, and designing. The quaternary sector is based on pure knowledge and skill of a person. It consists of intellectual industries providing information services, such as computing and ICT (information and communication technologies), consultancy (offering advice to businesses) and R&D; (research, particularly in scientific fields). According to some definitions, the quaternary sector includes other pure services, such as the entertainment industry, and the term has been used to describe media, culture, and government.
The Hoxnian stage has often been correlated to the Holstein Interglacial of northern Continental Europe and the Mindel-Riss Interglacial of the Alps. However, there is ambiguity regarding the correlation of these two interglacials to either MIS 11 or MIS 9, which is related to the MIS 12 / MIS 10 ambiguity described in more detail in the article 'Elster glaciation'.Böse et al. (2012), Quaternary Glaciations of Northern Europe, Quaternary Science Reviews 44, page 17-22.
Montero-Serrano, J.C., V. Bout-Roumazeilles, N. Tribovillard, T. Sionneau, A.Riboulleau, A. Bory, and B. Flower (2009) Sedimentary evidence of deglacial megafloods in the northern Gulf of Mexico (Pigmy Basin). Quaternary Science Reviews. 28:3333–3347.Sionneau, T.V., B.P. Bout-Roumazeilles, A. Flower, N. Bory, C. Tribovillard, B. Kissel, B. Van Vliet-Lanoë, and J.C. Montero Serrano (2010) Provenance of freshwater pulses in the Gulf of Mexico during the last deglaciation. Quaternary Research. 74:235–245.
Acute shortage of silver during the First World War, led to the introduction of paper currency of One Rupee and Two and a half Rupees. The silver coins of smaller denominations were issued in cupro-nickel. The compulsion of the Second World War led to experiments in coinage where the standard rupee was replaced by the "Quaternary Silver Alloy". The Quaternary Silver coins were issued from 1940. In 1947 these were replaced by pure Nickel coins.
Quaternary ammonium compounds ("quats"), such as benzalkonium chloride, are a large group of related compounds. Some concentrated formulations have been shown to be effective low-level disinfectants. Quaternary ammonia at or above 200ppm plus alcohol solutions exhibit efficacy against difficult to kill non-enveloped viruses such as norovirus, rotavirus, or polio virus. Newer synergous, low- alcohol formulations are highly effective broad-spectrum disinfectants with quick contact times (3–5 minutes) against bacteria, enveloped viruses, pathogenic fungi, and mycobacteria.
International Commission on Stratigraphy Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy Phil Gibbard was awarded the Geological Society's Lyell Fund prize in April 1999 'for excellence in Quaternary geology'.Geological Society In 2010 Phil was awarded an honorary doctorate degree (PhD (honoris causa) by the University of Helsinki Promotion citation details and a ScD degree in July 2009 by the University of Cambridge.University of Cambridge home page His publications include over 280 papers, 20 books, 8 charts and numerous reports and reviews.
One of these is Quaternary Icefall, which descends steeply into Wohlschlag Bay 1 mile (1.6 km) south of Cinder Hill. The site was mapped and so named by the New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic Expedition (NZGSAE), 1958–59, because of the Quaternary glacial period marine shells carried by the glacier and deposited in terminal moraines. Another such lobe is Shell Glacier. Topographic map of Ross Island (1:250,000 scale) Mount Bird is in the upper left.
On the east side of this section of the Mendozina Andes, they flowed down to and on the west side to about above sea level.Kuhle, M. (2011): The High-Glacial (Last Glacial Maximum) Glacier Cover of the Aconcagua Group and Adjacent Massifs in the Mendoza Andes (South America) with a Closer Look at Further Empirical Evidence. Development in Quaternary Science, Vol. 15 (Quaternary Glaciation – Extent and Chronology, A Closer Look, Eds: Ehlers, J.; Gibbard, P.L.; Hughes, P.D.), 735–738.
White Pond has recently attracted scientific attention as having preserved a relatively long record of sediment accumulation in the pond. Several scientists have taken various core samples from White Pond that could reveal information on temperatures of non-glaciated areas during the Ice Age, and information on plant and animal life in the area during the past.Watts, W.A., 1980, Late-Quaternary vegetation history at White Pond on the inner Coastal Plain of South Carolina: Quaternary Research, v.
Fresh groundwater is unable to permeate the thick clays to reach underlying sequences, by the overlying layers of sediment deposits have a lower salinity. In the western areas of the peninsula there are outcrops of low permeability clays from the Cretaceous, Palaogene, Neogene, and Lower Pilocene. These clays are deeper in the eastern areas and covered by Quaternary sediments. Although the peninsula is tectonically a southeast continuous of the Greater Caucasus, its Quaternary deposits are isolated.
The field is of Tertiary-Quaternary age. Pliocene-Quaternary volcanism also took place north of the field where it borders the Lut, a large basaltic coulee of that age is found there and extends from a well preserved volcanic centre. Volcanic activity commenced 12 million years ago and continued until historical times, according to unpublished data by G. Conrad. A minor earthquake occurred on 20 December 2010 of magnitude 6.5 in the field, the 2010 Hosseinabad earthquake.
The valley of Sognefjord is one of various valleys of western Norway that certainly predates the Quaternary glaciations. It existed already as part of the ancient Paleic surface but had at the time much gentler slopes. The fjords of western Norway formed in connection to the east-ward tilting of much of Norway during the Cenozoic uplift of the Scandinavian Mountains. This uplift, that occurred long before the Quaternary glaciations, enabled rivers to incise deeply the Paleic relief.
The soils of the Carolina Sandhills are very sandy. According to soil surveys of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, many soils of the Carolina Sandhills are mapped as the Alpin sand or Candor sand.Swezey, C.S., Fitzwater, B.A., Whittecar, G.R., Mahan, S.A., Garrity, C.P., Aleman Gonzalez, W.B., and Dobbs, K.M., 2016, The Carolina Sandhills: Quaternary eolian sand sheets and dunes along the updip margin of the Atlantic Coastal Plain province, southeastern United States: Quaternary Research, v. 86, p.
420(2): 658–64.Bush, A.B.G. 2006. Temporal Variability of the South Asian Monsoon through the Late Quaternary: Results from AGCM and AOGCM Simulations. Journal of the Geological Society of India, vol.
Alternative heavy-duty preservatives include creosote and pentachlorophenol. Similar water-borne preservatives include alkaline copper quaternary (ACQ) compounds, copper azole (CuAz), ammoniacal copper zinc arsenate (ACZA), copper citrate, and copper HDO (CuHDO).
The Pre-Illinoian Stage is used by Quaternary geologists for the early and middle Pleistocene glacial and interglacial periods of geologic time in North America from ~2.5–0.2 Ma (million years ago).
Ann P. Conolly (1917–2010) was a British botanist and teacher who contributed to quaternary botany and conducted important early work on the history and spread of Japanese Knotweed in the UK .
In the last 2.5 million years of the Quaternary, andesite lavas erupted, forming the Arequipa and Barosso groups in the south, including partially melted Precambrian granulite gneiss, with a high lead concentration.
This principle is useful in some contexts but in others, like certain parts of Sweden where grus is formed from Precambrian rocks and overlain by Quaternary deposits, it is of little value.
J. Gen. Physiol. 50 1287–1302.C. M. Armstrong and B. Hille (1972). "The inner quaternary ammonium receptor in potassium channels of the node of Ranvier". J. Gen. Physiol. 59 388–400.
Ningaloo,Collins, L.B., Zhu, Z.R., McNamara, K.J. Wood, D. 1999. Tertiary Quaternary Carbonates of the Cape Range Region and Ningaloo Reef, Northwest Australia. Consortium for Ocean Geosciences of Australian Universities: 1-68.
The early peopling of the Southwest and Great Plains, and the landscape evolution and environments of the late Quaternary in these regions; 3. The use of soils as indicators of the past.
This marine genus occurs off Indonesia and Australia (New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria) Fossils have been found in Australian Tertiary strata, in Miocene strata in New Zealand and Quaternary strata in China.
Quaternary Science Reviews. 56:11-30.Blanchon, P. (2011a) Meltwater Pulses. In: Hopley, D. (Ed), Encyclopedia of Modern Coral Reefs: Structure, form and process. Springer-Verlag Earth Science Series, p. 683-690.
The two main geological formations are Antalo Limestone in most of the tabia, and Adigrat Sandstone on the slopes towards the river gorges. Quaternary alluvium and freshwater tufa occur in the valley bottoms.
Hong, C. Y.; Overman, L. E. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 3453. (9)File:HeckScope4.png Asymmetric IMHR may establish tertiary or quaternary stereocenters. BINAP is the most commonly chiral ligand used in this context.
Laidlaw Volcanics pale to dark grey dacitic tuff covers most of Chapman. Shale, sandstone, ashstone and tuff is found near the west end of Rafferty Street. Quaternary alluvium covers up the eastern valley.
Phase-transfer catalysts for anionic reactants are often quaternary ammonium salts. Commercially important catalysts include benzyltriethylammonium chloride, methyltricaprylammonium chloride, methyltributylammonium chloride, and methyltrioctylammonium chloride. Organic phosphonium salts are also used, e.g., hexadecyltributylphosphonium bromide.
Influenza viruses are susceptible to bleach, 70% ethanol, aldehydes, oxidizing agents, and quaternary ammonium compounds. They are inactivated by heat of for minimum of 60 minutes, as well as by low pH <2.
He was the head of Paleoanthropology and Quaternary at Naturmuseum Senckenberg in Frankfurt and participated in fossil excavation in Germany. He worked with scientific excavations and discovered many previously unknown fossil mammal species.
These mammals became extinct when the glacial period Age ended about 11,700 years ago. Modern humans evolved about 315,000 years ago. During the Quaternary Period, mammals, flowering plants, and insects dominated the land.
116, no. 1-2; pp. 30-41; Hallberg, G.R., 1986, Pre-Wisconsin glacial stratigraphy of the Central Plains region in Iowa, Nebraska, Kansas, and Missouri, Quaternary Science Reviews. vol. 5, pp. 11-15.
Palaeoecology and Archaeology of the Kärlich-Seeufer Open-Air Site (Middle Pleistocene) in the Central Rhineland, Germany. Quaternary Research 46, 319-334. the 1,4 Mio. year old Israeli site of ‘UbeidiyaGaudzinski, S., 2004c.
Also, they work best in soft waters. Effective levels are at 200 ppm. They are effective at temperatures up to . Quaternary ammonium salts are commonly used in the foodservice industry as sanitizing agents.
The fossilized remains of this remarkably large rodent are found solely within Quaternary cave deposits, all of which are located on the islands of the northern Lesser Antilles, specifically Anguilla and St. Martin.
296-314Perring, D and van der Linde, S (2010) The Politics and Practice of Archaeology in Conflict. Conservation and Management of Archaeological Sites, 11, 197-213. Quaternary Archaeology Fieldwork Project and Training School.
Another type of biofact is wood. Wood is made up cellulose, carbohydrates, and lignin.Wagner, G. A. (1998). Age Determination of Young Rocks and artifacts: physical and chemical clocks in Quaternary geology and archaeology.
Intramolecular hydrogen bonding is partly responsible for the secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures of proteins and nucleic acids. It also plays an important role in the structure of polymers, both synthetic and natural.
Jorge Rabassa is an Argentine geomorphologist and Quaternary geologist. He is a professor at National University of Tierra del Fuego and director of the CONICET.Argentinian Quaternary Geologist Jorge Rabassa to Return to ISGS in 2015El Dr. Jorge Rabassa, distinguido por Universidad de Estados Unidos He is member of the National Academy of Sciences of Argentina since 2012.El geólogo Jorge Rabassa ingresará mañana a la Academia Nacional de Ciencias From 1998 to 2002 he served as rector of the National University of Comahue.
The Rif microcontinent shifted westward and collided with the African Plate in the Oligocene and the Miocene, generated the complex Rift overthrust. Seismic studies have found that Carnian sandstones, mudstones and conglomerates from the Triassic, lie unconformably atop the microcontinent's crystalline basement rock in north Morocco. The Miocene and Pliocene marls and carbonates of the Doukkala sub- basin are overlain by Quaternary rocks. Further west, Quaternary rocks cover Middle Cretaceous sedimentary rocks, which lie unconformably atop Triassic and Paleozoic units.
During the Maastrichtian, an alkali syenite dome near Saint Louis intruded sand deposits. By the early Cenozoic, the ocean retreated, except in the Casamance Gulf and by the Eocene, the region was experiencing intense, terrestrial weathering. The Cap-Vert experienced two peaks of volcanism, one in the Miocene and the other in the Quaternary, producing small occurrences of undersaturated, alkaline lavas. During the Quaternary, volcanism at the head of the Cap-Vert peninsula built the Mamelles volcano and its associated vents and flows.
Stadials and interstadials are phases dividing the Quaternary period, or the last 2.6 million years. Stadials are periods of colder climate while interstadials are periods of warmer climate. Each Quaternary climate phase is associated with a Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) number, which describe alternation between warmer and cooler temperatures as measured by oxygen isotope data. Stadials have even MIS numbers and interstadials odd MIS numbers. The current Holocene interstadial is MIS 1 and the Last glacial maximum stadial is MIS 2.
The basins are filled with unconsolidated to poorly consolidated Tertiary and Quaternary deposits as much as 16,000 feet thick and are separated by Archean to Quaternary bedrock. Unconsolidated and semi- consolidated sand and gravel aquifers have a high conductivity and are largely shallow, small and unmapped. There are four types of these unconsolidated aquifers, "valley-fill aquifers"; blanket sand and gravel aquifers; glacial- deposit aquifers; and stream-valley aquifers. There are 70 intermontane watersheds in this area of 80,000 square miles.
The Late Quaternary was a time of continuous climatic changes of varying rates and magnitudes. As Late Quaternary climates changed, plant species responded as individuals in a variety of ways, including: toleration, migration, habitat shift, extinction, and altered population densities. Paleoecological evidence supports a tendency for plant species to historically pursue the ‘migration’ route. The fossil record and the general lack of documented plant extinctions suggests that plant species have migrated far distances across continents in response to past environmental changes.
Soons is nationally and internationally known for her investigations of glacier-sculpted landforms in the Rakaia Valley and her contribution to debates around environmental change in the central South Island. She served as head of department from 1990 until she retired. On her retirement in 1993, Soons was accorded the title of professor emeritus. Other highlights of her distinguished careers include being president of the International Union of Quaternary Research and convenor of the National Committee for Quaternary Research for the Royal Society.
Although it includes the same time span, the Sangamonian Stage (sensu lato) is not temporally equivalent to the Eemian in Europe. In its much less common usage, the Sangamonian Stage (sensu stricto) is equivalent to Marine Isotope Substage 5e and the Eemian. In case of this usage, Marine Isotope Substages 5a, 5b, 5c, and 5d are collectively referred to as the Eowisconsinan Stage.Richmond, G.M. and D.S. Fullerton, 1986, Summation of Quaternary glaciations in the United States of America, Quaternary Science Reviews. vol.
Volcanic activity lessened from 19 to 16 million years ago, followed by basalt flows, cinder cones and the Topaz-Spor Mountain rhyolite into the Miocene, Pliocene and Quaternary. During this time and continuing to the present, block faulting created the basin and range terrain in western Utah and Nevada. Lake Bonneville formed during the Quaternary, covering 20,000 square miles. The Great Salt Lake is the remnant of the deepest part of the lake, where the depth was once as much as .
Finally, a quaternary structure is a group of tertiary proteins coming together and binding. With all of these levels, proteins have a wide variety of places in which they can be manipulated and adjusted. Techniques are used to affect the amino acid sequence of the protein (site-directed mutagenesis), the folding and conformation of the protein, or the folding of a single tertiary protein within a quaternary protein matrix. Proteins that are the main focus of manipulation are typically enzymes.
Potassium channel blockers inhibit the flow of potassium ions through the channel. They either compete with potassium binding within the selectivity filter or bind outside the filter to occlude ion conduction. An example of one of these competitors is quaternary ammonium ions, which bind at the extracellular face or central cavity of the channel. For blocking from the central cavity quaternary ammonium ions are also known as open channel blockers, as binding classically requires the prior opening of the cytoplasmic gate.
The second type of sedimentation—W type—includes one kilometer of lacustrine carbonate with small layers of gypsum, sandstone and salt, as well as a top unit of red shale and sandstone. During the last 2.5 million years in the Quaternary, sedimentary rocks deposited in river valleys, and repeating layers with conglomerate at the base ascending to sandstone and shale indicate four different phases of uplift. The Kyzylkum (or "red sand") Desert has thick red sand dunes from the Quaternary.
As a whole, this is called a protein's quaternary structure. The quaternary structure is generated by the formation of relatively strong non-covalent interactions, such as hydrogen bonds, between different subunits to generate a functional polymeric enzyme. Some proteins also utilize non-covalent interactions to bind cofactors in the active site during catalysis, however a cofactor can also be covalently attached to an enzyme. Cofactors can be either organic or inorganic molecules which assist in the catalytic mechanism of the active enzyme.
Simulation of the northern hemisphere continental ice sheets over the last glacial-interglacial cycle: experiments with a latitude- longitude vertically integrated ice sheet model coupled to a zonally averaged climate model. Palaeoclimates 1, 59-98. Owen, L.A., Finkel, R.C., Barnard, P.L., Ma, H.Z., Asahi, K., Caffee, M.W., Derbyshire, E. (2005): Climatic and topographic controls on the style and timing of Late Quaternary glaciation throughout Tibet and the Himalaya defined by 10Be cosmogenic radionuclide surface exposure dating. Quaternary Science Reviews, 24, 1391-1411.
The shelf and hinge zones have many faults, among them some are active. Total thickness of sediment below the Kolkata is nearly above the crystalline basement; of these the top is quaternary, followed by of tertiary sediments, trap wash of cretaceous trap and permian-carboniferous Gondwana rocks. The quaternary sediments consist of clay, silt, and several grades of sand and gravel. These sediments are sandwiched between two clay beds: the lower one at a depth of ; the upper one in thickness.
The bedrock geology in the area contains rocks of almost all ages from Neoproterozoic through to Quaternary. Landslides were mainly confined to areas that experienced intensities of VII or greater and had slopes of moderate dip (26°-45°). In all but one case, the landslides involved Quaternary material, the exception being a slide that was controlled by bedding planes in a Permian limestone. Rock avalanches occurred on steeper slopes, particularly affecting jointed and weathered Permian limestone and Triassic sandstone/shale sequences.
The hydrology, extent and nature of the Baltic Sea has varied considerably through the Quaternary. Its great overturns are linked to its geographic position, in particular its high latitude, that has made it prone to glaciations. During many Quaternary glaciations the whole depression was repeatedly covered by ice sheets. These glaciation have influenced the Baltic Sea depression by bringing eroded sediments from adjacent areas to the depression, downwarping the lithosphere during glaciations and causing isostatic rebound after thinning and retreat.
He was the first Norwegian to become an honorary member of the Quaternary Research Association, in 2006, and the International Union for Quaternary Research, in 2007. He has won several prizes for his research, including the Reusch Medal in 1971 and the Brøgger Prize in 2005. Childlike curiosity and enthusiasm characterize Mangerud, and when he resigned as professor at the University of Bergen in 2005, he knew that it was precisely these qualities that were the key to his success as a researcher.
Eight-bar linkages are classified by how many binary, ternary and quaternary links they have. A binary link connects two joints, a ternary link connects three joints and a quaternary link connects four joints. There are three classes of eight-bar linkage denoted (4, 4, 0, 0), (5, 2, 1, 0) and (6, 0, 2, 0), distinguished by the count of binary, ternary and quaternary links, when read from left to right---the final zero is traditionally added to the class label though no eight-bar linkage has a quintanary link.. There are sixteen different topologies of eight-bar linkages which are distinguished by their non-isomorphic linkage graphs. Of these 16 topologies, nine are in class (4, 4, 0, 0), five are in (5, 2, 1, 0) and two in (6, 0, 2, 0).
However, Quaternary beachrock is also found as far north and south as 60° latitude.Neuendorf, K.K.E., J.P. Mehl, Jr., and J.A. Jackson, J.A., eds. (2005) Glossary of Geology (5th ed.). Alexandria, Virginia, American Geological Institute.
Quaternary calcareous dinoflagellates (Calciodinelloideae) and their natural affinities. J. Paleont. 42, 1395–1408Janofske, D., 1992. Kalkiges Nannoplankton, insbesondere kalkige Dinoflagellaten-Zysten der alpinen Ober- Trias: Taxonomie, Biostratigraphie und Bedeutung für die Phylogenie der Peridiniales.
This species occurs in European waters, the Northwest Atlantic Ocean, the Arctic waters of Canada, the Gulf of Maine. Fossils have been found in Quaternary strata of Iceland (age range: 0.126 to 0.012 Ma).
Sea levels declined in the Eocene forming large phosphate deposits. Senegal is blanketed in thick layers of terrestrial sediments formed in the Quaternary. The country has extensive natural resources, including gold, diamonds, and iron.
This led to the synthetic drug pancuronium, a bis-quaternary steroid, and subsequently other drugs that had better pharmacological properties. Research on these molecules helped improve understanding of the physiology of neurons and receptors.
"Tepexpan Palaeoindian site, Basin of Mexico: multi-proxy evidence for environmental change during the late Pleistocene–late Holocene." Quaternary Science Reviews 28, 2000-2016. ScienceDirect, EBSCOhost doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.04.001 (accessed October 27, 2015).
"Charles Darwin's Chilean plant collections". Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 72: 181-200. Retrieved 4 April 2012Heusser, Calvin J; Heusser, Linda E; Hauser, Arturo. (1992). "Paleoecology of Late Quaternary Deposits in Chiloe Continental, Chile".
J. Quaternary Sci., 18: 621–629. doi: 10.1002/jqs.793 Lake sediments have an advantage over other core sampling sites, such as fen and bog peats, as they provide no overwhelming local pollen components.
271-286; www.cambridge.org/core/journals/quaternary-research The northern extent of the Carolina Sandhills is located near Fayetteville in North Carolina, and the Carolina Sandhills extend south and southwestward into South Carolina and Georgia.
General bathymetry of the Gulf of Carpentaria and the Quaternary physiography of Lake Carpentaria. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimatol., Palaeoecol. 41, 207-225 The Gulf hosts a submerged coral reef province that was only recognised in 2004.
The Quaternary and recent sedimentation of the Perth Basin is represented by thin, impermanent sand dune systems, biogenic limestones, sandstones and some shales deposited during the last ~20 million years and during ice ages.
The greatly increased flow and erosion along the Cheslatta River has resulted in unusually well-exposed late Quaternary and Holocene stratigraphy, which has been helpful to geologists trying to understand the region's geological history.
Neptunus is an extinct genus of crabs belonging to the family Portunidae. These epifaunal carnivores lived during the Eocene of India, Miocene of Brazil and Quaternary of United States, from 37.2 to 0.0 Ma.
History of the northwestern arm of the Champlain Sea. Pp 25–36 in Gadd, N.R. (ed.) The Late Quaternary Development of the Champlain Sea Basin. Geological Association of Canada, Special Paper 36. Map 5.
Quaternary sediments include raised beach deposits which are extensive across the island and incorporating areas of alluvium locally. There are considerable areas of blown sand in the west and behind the major bays elsewhere.
Biocides are oxidizing or non-oxidizing toxicants. Chlorine is the most commonly manufactured oxidizing toxicant. Chlorine is ubiquitously added to drinking water to disinfect it. Non-oxidized toxicants include isothiazolinones and quaternary ammonium compounds.
The Earth's continents and seas moved into their present shapes. The world map has not changed much since, save for changes brought about by the glaciations of the Quaternary, such as the Great Lakes.
The statement on climate change issued by the International Union for Quaternary Research (INQUA) reiterates the conclusions of the IPCC, and urges all nations to take prompt action in line with the UNFCCC principles.
Nikolai Aleksandrovich Menshutkin (; – ) was a Russian chemist who discovered the process of converting a tertiary amine to a quaternary ammonium salt via the reaction with an alkyl halide, now known as the Menshutkin reaction.
The geology of Artsakh is primarily part of the Kussary-Divichi Foredeep—the northern foredeep of the Greater Caucasus. The trough is filled with Oligocene to Quaternary age deepwater, molasse and marine sedimentary rocks.
Chase, B.M. & Meadows, M.E. 2007. Late Quaternary dynamics of southern Africa’s winter-rainfall zone. Earth-Science Reviews 84: 103–138. The aim of current research efforts focusing on MSA environments is therefore two-fold.
The Zletovo- Kratovo volcanic formation is also from the same period. Small basalt eruptions at the edge of the Vardar Zone in the early Quaternary produced some of the youngest rocks in the country.
More typically ternary phases refer to extended solids. Famous example are the perovskites. Binary phases with only two elements, have lower degrees of complexity than ternary phases. With four elements quaternary phases are more complex.
Tetralophodon ("four-ridged tooth") is an extinct elephantoid genus belonging to the family Anancidae.J. Shoshani and P. Tassy. 2005. Advances in proboscidean taxonomy & classification, anatomy & physiology, and ecology & behavior. Quaternary International 126-128:5-20J.
Aclidinium is a quaternary ammonium cation with an asymmetric carbon atom. It is used as the pure R-enantiomer. The salt, aclidinium bromide, is a crystalline powder that is hardly soluble in water or ethanol.
Elias, Scott. The Ice-Age History of National Parks in the Rocky Mountains. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, 1996; Richmond, Gerald M. "Appraisal of the Future Climate of the Holocene in the Rocky Mountains." Quaternary Research.
Sevan originated during the early Quaternary when a Palaeo-Sevan, ten times larger than the present lake, came into existence by tectonic formation. The current lake was formed some 25 to 30 thousand years ago.
It is also possible that these plant assemblages formed due to influence from megafaunal extinctions during the late quaternary, and there is also evidence that shows connection between novel plant assemblages and new fire regimes.
The shifts in these groups has been hypothesized to have direct relationship to one another, with the possibility of a release from herbivory pressures causing the bloom in novel plant assemblages during the late quaternary.
This article incorporates public domain text from reference.Call R. E. 1886. On certain recent, quaternary, and new fresh-water Mollusca. Proceeding Davenport Academy of Natural Sciences, volume V., page 2-4, plate I, figure 6.
Fossils of Cypraecassis are found in marine strata from the Miocene until the Quaternary (age range: from 15.97 to 0.012 million years ago.). Fossils are known from various localities in Europe, Central America and India.
A museum about caves, speleology and the geology of the area. There is also a vast collection of shells, see-, earth- and fresh-water molluscs from Veneto and fossils from the Paleozoic to the Quaternary.
Perry, George L.W.; Wheeler, Andrew B.; Wood, Jamie R.; Wilmshurst, Janet M. (2014-12-01). "A high-precision chronology for the rapid extinction of New Zealand moa (Aves, Dinornithiformes)". Quaternary Science Reviews. 105: 126–135.
Deakin Volcanics red-purple and green grey rhyodacite with spherulitic texture cover most of Stirling except for Laidlaw Volcanics pale to dark grey tuff on the southernmost quarter. Quaternary Alluvium covers the south west quarter.
Calcareous shales from the Canberra Formation are overlain by Quaternary alluvium. This rock is the limestone of the original title of Canberra "Limestone Plains". Several fault lines pass through Turner including the inactive Acton Fault.
Quaternary Research Center Mt. St. Helens and Mima Mounds Tour accessed December 1, 2009. Shrink/swell soils are most often related to landforms called "hog wallows" or "gilgai" that can look similar to mima mounds.
Rising up to 25 feet above sea level atop the Suffolk Scarp, Quaternary sediments comprise the Outer Banks and both the peninsulas and bottom of the water in and around Pamlico Sound and Albemarle Sound.
The giant dwarf crocodile: A reappraisal of "Crocodylus" robustus from the Quaternary of Madagascar. In: B. D. Patterson, S. M. Goodman, and J. L. Sedlock, eds., Environmental Change in Madagascar. pp. 6. Chicago. Field Museum.
The probability of a serious earthquake on various faults has been estimated in the 2008 Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast. Details on specific faults can be found in the USGS Quaternary Fault and Fold Database.
21, no. 16–17, pp. 1793–805.Grimm, E.C. and G.L. Jacobson, Jr., 2004, Late Quaternary vegetation history of the eastern United States. in Gillespie, A.R., S.C. Porter, and B.F. Atwater, eds., pp. 381–402.
This article incorporates public domain text from reference Call R. E. (1886). "On certain recent, quaternary, and new fresh-water Mollusca". Proceeding Davenport Academy of Natural Sciences 5: page 5, plate I, figure 7-9.
Methacholine has a β-methyl group which provides selectivity towards muscarinic receptors as compared to nicotinic receptors. The quaternary ammonium group is essential for activity. The ester makes it susceptible to the enzyme acetylcholine esterase.
Many freshwater fossils are preserved in the formation, dating back to the Neogene and Quaternary Periods of the Cenozoic Era. They include the largest fossil assemblage of clams and snails known on the Pacific Coast.
The last time the sea level was higher than today was during the Eemian, about 130,000 years ago.Murray- Wallace, C. V., & Woodroffe, C. D. (n.d.). Pleistocene sea-level changes. Quaternary Sea-Level Changes, 256–319. .
Late Quaternary vegetation of the Near East. Wiesbaden: Reichert. The area has multiple representatives of disjunct relict groups of plants with the closest relatives in Eastern Asia, southern Europe, and even North America.Milne RI. 2004.
Northern Hemisphere glaciation during the Last Glacial Maximum. The creation of thick ice sheets equate to a global sea level drop of about . The Quaternary glaciation, also known as the Pleistocene glaciation, is an alternating series of glacial and interglacial periods during the Quaternary period that began 2.58 Ma (million years ago), and is ongoing. Although geologists describe the entire time period as an "ice age", in popular culture the term "ice age" is usually associated with just the most recent glacial period during the Pleistocene.
The Tucura Fault is located in the northern part of the Central Ranges of the Colombian Andes, west of the Romeral Fault System. It extends from the Paderisco River in the south to the Sinú Valley in the north, where it crosses the Serranía de Abibe. The fault crosscuts middle and upper Tertiary folded marine sedimentary rocks and Quaternary alluvial deposits. The fault controls drainage, forms linear ridges, topographic lineaments, and fault scarps about high on Quaternary terraces south of the town of Dabeiba, Antioquia.
Finally, during the Miocene- Quaternary the Sencca Formation and the "Barroso" volcanics developed; Chachani is classified as part of the Barroso volcanics although the oldest volcanism might belong to the "Sillapaca" unit. The terrain of the volcano is formed by volcanic rocks of Eocene to recent age, which overlie a Precambrian basement and include widespread Neogene-Quaternary ignimbrites. Chachani straddles the margin between the higher-elevation Altiplano and the Arequipa basin at lower altitude. The younger El Misti volcano lies southeast of Chachani, across the Rio Chili.
Direct blue 86 is the sodium salt of CuPc-sulfonic acid, whereas direct blue 199 is the quaternary ammonium salt of the CuPc- sulfonic acid. The quaternary ammonium salts of these sulfonic acids are used as solvent dyes because of their solubility in organic solvents, such as Solvent Blue 38 and Solvent Blue 48. The dye derived from cobalt phthalocyanine and an amine is Phthalogen Dye IBN. 1,3-Diiminoisoindolene, the intermediate formed during phthalocyanine manufacture, used in combination with a copper salt affords the dye GK 161.
Lepidodendron forests dating to the Carboniferous period have charred peaks, evidence of crown fires. In Jurassic gymnosperm forests, there is evidence of high frequency, light surface fires. The increase of fire activity in the late TertiaryHistorically, the Cenozoic has been divided up into the Quaternary and Tertiary sub-eras, as well as the Neogene and Paleogene periods. The 2009 version of the ICS time chart recognizes a slightly extended Quaternary as well as the Paleogene and a truncated Neogene, the Tertiary having been demoted to informal status.
The Neogene ( ) (informally Upper Tertiary or Late Tertiary) is a geologic period and system that spans 20.45 million years from the end of the Paleogene Period million years ago (Mya) to the beginning of the present Quaternary Period Mya. The Neogene is sub-divided into two epochs, the earlier Miocene and the later Pliocene. Some geologists assert that the Neogene cannot be clearly delineated from the modern geological period, the Quaternary. The term "Neogene" was coined in 1853 by the Austrian palaeontologist Moritz Hörnes (1815–1868).
The commune sits on a limestone bedrock dating from the Upper Jurassic (Kimmeridgian). Alluvium dated from the Quaternary period cover the alluvial valleys of the Aume and Charente, the most recent being on the floodplain. There are also some areas of Sand on the slopes dating to the Quaternary glaciations.Land Information Visualiser, BRGM website BRGM Map on Géoportail Paper notice for Mansle, BRGM, 1984, Infoterre, consulted on 13 November 2011 The relief of the commune is that of a low plateau and a confluence of two valleys.
Marine influence is modest and common later in the sequence, which is up to eight kilometers thick. The Chao Paya Basin around Bangkok and Pitsanulok Basin in the north both have extensive Quaternary sedimentary cover from the last 2.5 million years. Based on aerial magnetic surveys and boreholes, geologists have inferred that the Chao Paya Basin is believed to be a composite graben with uneven underlying topography. Throughout the Quaternary, as uplift continued sediments eroded off the rising highlands and deposited in low-lying areas.
Wiedmer also observed the presence of large, symmetrical hills in the Matanuska Valley, possibly of fluvial origin. This led Wiedmer to investigate the possibility of a megaflood down the valley from ancient Lake Atna. Wiedmer's resulting research was published in a 2010 paper titled "Late Quaternary megafloods from Glacial Lake Atna, Southcentral Alaska, U.S.A.", with co-authors from the Quaternary Research Center at the University of Washington. Wiedmer's research suggested the possibility of Lake Atna being a serial generator of megafloods from glacial dam failures.
Viereck, L.A. 1973. Wildfire in the taiga of Alaska. Quaternary Res. 3:465–495. In the absence of fire, the accumulation of sphagnum peat on level upland sites would eventually oust coniferous vegetation and produce muskeg.
In fact, uplift of the island combined with changes in sea level related to the end of the Pleistocene ice ages means that some Quaternary marine terraces are as much as 100 meters above sea level.
Malaysia was part of the southern supercontinent Gondwana that broke up about 180 million years ago. A major interdigitation of Australian and Malesian flora is estimated to have occur in the late Tertiary and Quaternary time.
This indicates that the fault has been active. However no displacement of Quaternary deposits were observed during aerial and land reconnaissance work by Page (1986). The slip rate has been estimated at less than per year.
Beiar FjordLjungner, Erik. 1949. The Quaternary Ice Caps in Patagonia and Scandinavia. Bulletin of the Geological Institutions of the University of Uppsala 33: 11–96, p. 41.Visit Norway: Beiar Fjord via the Local Boat Service.
DMTMM is prepared by coupling 2-chloro-4,6,-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazine (CDMT) and N-methylmorpholine (NMM). It was first reported in 1999. CDMT spontaneously reacts with NMM to form the quaternary ammonium chloride salt of DMTMM.
One such study involved alkylation of 4-benzamidopyridine (2) with 3-(2-Bromoethyl)-1H-indole (1) to give quaternary salt (3); this intermediate was in turn hydrogenated with a Raney nickel catalyst to give indoramine (4).
Pierce, Kenneth L. "Pleistocene Glaciations of the Rocky Mountains." Development in Quaternary Science. 1 (2003). The Bull Lake glaciation has three periods—Early, Middle and Late—punctuated by periods of relative warmth (during which glaciers retreated).
Warendja is an extinct genus of marsupial, present from the Late Miocene to the Late Pleistocene, which went extinct in the Quaternary extinction event. Weighing 10 kg, Warendja is the earliest known vombatiforme to exhibit hypsodonty.
Acosta & Garay, 2002, p.93 The Bogotá Fault crosscuts the Rosales tunnel where no damages have been noted.Lobo-Guerrero Uscátegui, 2005, p.6 A slip rate of per year is calculated from displaced geomorphologic Quaternary features.
Stratigraphy and Geochronology Session. International Quaternary Association, Reno, 2003.Hill, Christopher L. and Valppu, Seppo H. "Geomorphic Relationships and Paleoenvironmental Context of Glaciers, Fluvial Deposits, and Glacial Lake Great Falls, Montana." Current Research in the Pleistocene.
This is a list of lists of universities and colleges by country, sorted by continent and region. The lists represent educational institutions throughout the world which provide higher education in tertiary, quaternary, and post- secondary education.
Tetraoctylammonium bromide (TOAB or TOABr) is a quaternary ammonium compound with the chemical formula: [CH3(CH2)7]4N Br. It is generally used as a phase transfer catalyst between an aqueous solution and an organic solution.
These stable foldings are the secondary structure. The particular combination of the primary and secondary structures form the tertiary structure of a polypeptide. The quaternary structure refers to the way multiple chains of polypeptides fold together.
Concentrations above 800 ppm were used for bromine extraction, most production being from the Upper Salt.George I. Smith, Subsurface Stratigraphy and Geochemistry of Late Quaternary Evaporites, Searles Lake, California, US Geological Survey, Professional Paper 1043, 1979.
Netherlands Institute of Applied Geoscience, 1998; pp.239-262. . Six lithostratigraphic members were recognised by the Geological Society of London:Bowen, DQ (ed) (1999). A revised correlation of Quaternary deposits in the British Isles. Special Report no.
One of the most important unoxidizable biocides is a mixture of chloromethyl-isothiazolinone and methyl- isothiazolinone. Also applied are dibrom nitrilopropionamide and quaternary ammonium compounds. For underwater ship hulls bottom paints are applied. Chemical fouling inhibitorsJ.
Tetraethylammonium iodide is a quaternary ammonium compound with the chemical formula C8H20N+I−. It has been used as the source of tetraethylammonium ions in pharmacological and physiological studies, but is also used in organic chemical synthesis.
Geological Society of America, Boulder, Colorado.Shuman, B., P. Bartlein, N. Logar, P. Newby, T. Webb, III, 2002, Parallel climate and vegetation responses to the early Holocene collapse of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. Quaternary Science Reviews. v.
Vestnik MGU, Ser. Geogr. 3, 34–40. (In Russian)Maev E.G. (1994) Caspian regressions: their place in the Quaternary history of the Caspian Sea and impact on the sea floor relief formation. Geomorphologiya. 2, 94–101.
Organic phosphonium cations are lipophilic and can be useful in phase transfer catalysis, much like quaternary ammonium salts. :Synthesis of phosphonium halides from triphenylphosphine and an alkyl halide The cation tetraphenylphosphonium () is a useful precipitating agent.
Cationic detergents are similar to the anionic ones, with a hydrophilic component, but, instead of the anionic sulfonate group, the cationic surfactants have quaternary ammonium as the polar end. The ammonium sulfate center is positively charged.
A thin bed of fine-grained, pelagic sediment typically separates successive turbidites.Rothwell, R.G., Pearce, T.J., and Weaver, P.P.E., 1992. Late Quaternary evolution of the Madeira Abyssal Plain, Canary Basin, NE Atlantic. Basin Research, 4:103-131.
Arsenic: Inorganic Chemistry. Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry. pp 4. DOI: 10.1002/0470862106.ia013 Or more commonly, as organic derivative such as the quaternary arsonium salts (CAS: [123334-18-9], hydrate form) and the zwitterionic compound arsenobetaine.
Khulugayshi is a volcano in Russia. It is formed by an explosion vent or diatreme in the Mondinsk Depression. The volcano's eruption products lie on top of gravels of Quaternary age and consist of olivine tuffs.
Quaternary International. vol. 41–42, pp. 11–15. Anisimov and Tumskoy,Anisimov, M.A., and V.E. Tumskoy, 2002, Environmental History of the Novosibirskie Islands for the last 12 ka. 32nd International Arctic Workshop, Program and Abstracts 2002.
It consists of a chain of volcanic islands located along the crest of a submarine ridge with most of the active Quaternary stratocones or caldera-like volcanoes located on the northern boundaries of the Aleutian Islands.
In 1946, he published Ternary and quaternary elimination, which extends work by mathematicians Francis Sowerby Macaulay and Bartel Leendert van der Waerden, and also extends work done by Frank Morley and Coble some 20 years earlier.
The forest is located on the southern limit of the Paris Basin, on varied substrates (from the primary to the quaternary eras). Most of the forest is located on sandstone or clay from the triassic period.
Bjørn Grothaug Andersen (23 March 1924, in Stavanger, Norway – 12 January 2012, in Asker, Norway) was a Norwegian professor of Quaternary geology and glaciology who made foundational contributions to glacial geology and the understanding of climate change.
Quaternary structure of dynactin Dynactin is a 23 subunit protein complex that acts as a co-factor for the microtubule motor cytoplasmic dynein-1. It is built around a short filament of actin related protein-1 (Arp1).
Night view of the center of the bridge (December 2015) The layer of Quaternary materials is dredged so that sidewalks foundation of pile caps settle to the firm layer of Pliocene, and poured into the high seas.
About 400 litres of groundwater naturally flow into Öresund from Alnarpsströmmen every second through quaternary moraine. The width of the aquifer is around 20 km, and the flow of the water is just 10 metres a year.
"Competitive absorption of quaternary ammonium and alkali metal cations into a Nafion cation-exchange membrane." J. Membrane Sci. 215 103-114. The octanol-water partition coefficient of TEA iodide, Po-w was determined experimentally to be (or ).
H. Tsubaki, E. Nakajima, T. Komai and H. Shindo (1986). "The relation between structure and distribution of quaternary ammonium ions in mice and rats. Simple tetraalkylammonium and a series of m-substituted trimethylphenylammonium ions." J. Pharmacobio-Dyn.
Tectonic processes may also be responsible for the elliptic shape of the Cerro Blanco caldera. There is evidence of intense earthquakes during the Quaternary and some faults such as the El Peñón Fault have been recently active.
The eponymous Brome Lake. Metamorphic rock of Cambrian age—mostly schist and phyllite—underlies the area. Quaternary glaciation left deposits of stony loam till plus outwash sands and gravels. Brown podzolic and podzol soils are most common.
Proteins have tertiary and quaternary structures that can be degraded or cause aggregation at room temperature. This can impact the safety and efficacy of the medicine.Chang, B.S. and Hershenson, S. 2002. Practical approaches to protein formulation development.
The Cenozoic featured the rise of mammals as the dominant class of animals, as the end of the age of the dinosaurs left significant evolutionary vacuums. There are three divisions of the Cenozoic: Paleogene, Neogene and Quaternary.
Gessesse Dessie 2007. Forest Decline in South Central Ethiopia. Extent, History and Process. Dpt. Of physical geography and quaternary geology, Stockholm University, Sweden He estimated the rate of deforestation between 1972 and 2000 using remote sensing techniques.
Fossils of Tectonatica are found in marine strata from the Eocene until the Quaternary (age range: from 61.7 to 0.0 million years ago.). Fossils are known from various localities in Europe, North America, South America and Japan.
Quaternary ammonium salts are used as disinfectants, surfactants, fabric softeners, and as antistatic agents (e.g. in shampoos). In liquid fabric softeners, the chloride salts are often used. In dryer anticling strips, the sulfate salts are often used.
Two functional groups contribute significantly to aminosteroidal neuromuscular blocking potency, it is presumed to enable them to bind the receptor at two points. A bis-quaternary two point arrangement on A and D-ring (binding inter-site) or a D-ring acetylcholine moiety (binding at two points intra-site) are most likely to succeed. A third group can have variable effects. The quaternary and acetyl groups on the A and D ring of pipecuronium prevent it from binding intra-site (binding to two points at the same site).
This also affects pipecuroniums metabolism by resisting hepatic uptake, metabolism, and biliary excretion. The length of the molecule (2.1 nm, close to ideal) and its rigidness make pipecuronium the most potent and clean one-bulk bis-quaternary. Even though the N-N distance (1.6 nm) is far away from what is considered ideal, its onium heads are well-exposed, and the quaternary groups help to bring together the onium heads to the anionic centers of the receptors without chirality issues. Adding more than two onium heads in general does not add to potency.
Cis- atracurium is very similar to atracurium except it is more potent and has a weaker tendency to cause histamine release. Structure relations to onset time The effect of structure on the onset of action is not very well known except that the time of onset appears inversely related to potency. In general mono- quaternary aminosteroids are faster than bis-quaternary compounds, which means they are also of lower potency. A possible explanation for this effect is that drug delivery and receptor binding are of a different timescale.
The long Servitá-Santa María Fault extends close to the east margin of the Eastern Colombian Ranges near the Guaicáramo Fault, east of Bogotá. The combined fault is grouped in a system because of their morphologic similarity, geometric characteristics and Quaternary activity and includes the Servitá Fault to the south and Santa María and San Pedro de Jagua Faults to the north. Thrusting of Paleozoic rocks over younger formations is seen along faults of this group. The faults offset Jurassic, Cretaceous and Tertiary strata and deform Quaternary strata.
It is one of several strategies in enantioselective synthesis and of some relevance to academic research. The first reported example of this type of catalysis is attributed to Dolling, Davis & Grabowski who in 1984 used a chiral cinchonidine based phase transfer catalyst in the synthesis of indacrinone.Efficient catalytic asymmetric alkylations. 1. Enantioselective synthesis of (+)-indacrinone via chiral phase-transfer catalysis Ulf H. Dolling, Paul Davis, and Edward J. J. Grabowski Journal of the American Chemical Society 1984 106 (2), 446-447 Important chiral cation scaffolds are quaternary ammonium cations and quaternary phosphonium cations.
Alkaline copper quaternary (ACQ) is a preservative made of copper, a fungicide, and a quaternary ammonium compound (quat) like didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, an insecticide which also augments the fungicidal treatment. ACQ has come into wide use in the US, Europe, Japan and Australia following restrictions on CCA. Its use is governed by national and international standards, which determine the volume of preservative uptake required for a specific timber end use. Since it contains high levels of copper, ACQ-treated timber is five times more corrosive to common steel.
Several Canadian institutions called on him for his Quaternary expertise, including the Geological Survey of Canada, the Ontario Department of Mines, and the Ontario Department of Planning and Development for the St. Lawrence Seaway Authority, the Thames River Conservation Authority and various private companies. The university promoted him to Associate Professor in 1956, then to Professor in 1964. In 1980 the university gave made him an Emeritus Professor. In the over 40 years with the university, he has produced over 200 papers, notes and abstracts in the field of Quaternary research.
He was also appointed Docent in the Department of Geology, University of Helsinki, Finland in 1987.Department of Geology, University of Helsinki Through co-operation with Jürgen Ehlers, his interest in glaciation has led to the publication of seven books. Most recently they were joint co-ordinators of an INQUA Commission on Glaciation workgroup which compiled an atlas of world Quaternary glaciation limits (see below Ehlers & Gibbard, 2004 a, b, c).INQUA He is also interested in the application of stratigraphical principles and chairs the International Commission on Stratigraphy Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy.
From the 2011 Census, Darenth's occupation structure has completely shifted. Today a total of 2,449 men and women between the ages of 16-74 are in employment, compared to 1881, where the total came to 844. A lot of industries and business' that were dominant in 1881, such as agricultural work and dealerships, no longer provide jobs for the economically active in Darenth, agricultural work has been overthrown by the secondary, tertiary and quaternary sectors. Today, all occupations revolve around a tertiary and quaternary sector, with a dominance within Professional, Administrative and Secretarial occupations.
Frumkin has obtained detailed well-dated climatic records for the mid-late Quaternary in Israel. The results solve some important questions on climate change during the Quaternary in the Levant and other regions, and how it could/would influence humans, and the nature of climatic belts migration during glacial/interglacial cycles. The answers obtained have direct impact on understanding present and future climatic change. The palaeoclimatic studies were extended to lava tubes in Jordan, ancient wood preserved in caves, and to stromatolite caves in the Dead Sea basin.
Total thickness of sediment below Kolkata is nearly above the crystalline basement; of these the top is Quaternary, followed by of Tertiary sediments, trap wash of Cretaceous trap and Permian- Carboniferous Gondwana rocks. The quaternary sediments consist of clay, silt and several grades of sand and gravel. These sediments are sandwiched between two clay beds: the lower one at a depth of ; the upper one in thickness. According to the Bureau of Indian Standards, on a scale ranging from in order of increasing susceptibility to earthquakes, the city lies inside seismic zone III.
In its typical and broadest usage, the Sangamonian Stage is equivalent to all of Marine isotope stage 5 between 75,000 and 125,000 BP.McKay III, E.D., R.C. Berg, A.K. Hansel, T.J. Kemmis, and A.J. Stumpf, 2008, Quaternary Deposits and History of the Ancient Mississippi Valley. North-Central Illinois, Guidebook for the 51st Midwest Friends of the Pleistocene Field Trip, Streator, Illinois, May 13-15, 2005: Illinois State Geological Survey, Guidebook 35, 98 p.Hansel, A.K. and E.D. McKay, in press, Quaternary Period, in D.R. Kolata, ed., The Geology of Illinois.
Other landform depressions, not widely accepted as Carolina bays, are present within the northern Gulf of Mexico coastal plain in southern Mississippi and Alabama, where they are known as either Grady ponds or Citronelle ponds.Bernard, H.A., and Leblanc, R.J., 1965, Resume of the Quaternary geology of the northwestern Gulf of Mexico province, in: The Quaternary of the United States (H.E. Wright, Jr., and D.G. Frey, eds.), Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, p. 137-185. They are also known by a variety of names such as pocks, pock marks, , lacs ronds, and natural ponds.
The proton resonances of alkanes are usually found at δH = 0.5–1.5. The carbon-13 resonances depend on the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon: δC = 8–30 (primary, methyl, –CH3), 15–55 (secondary, methylene, –CH2–), 20–60 (tertiary, methyne, C–H) and quaternary. The carbon-13 resonance of quaternary carbon atoms is characteristically weak, due to the lack of nuclear Overhauser effect and the long relaxation time, and can be missed in weak samples, or samples that have not been run for a sufficiently long time.
Octal games like Nim, in which every move transforms a heap into zero or one heaps, are called quaternary games because the only digits that appear are 0, 1, 2, and 3. The octal notation may also be extended to include hexadecimal games, in which digits permit division of a heap into three parts. In fact, arbitrarily large bases are possible. The analysis of quaternary, octal, and hexadecimal games show that these classes of games are markedly different from each other, and the behavior of larger bases has not received as much scrutiny.
Jacek Rutkowski was the author or co-author of around 250 scientific papers, including "Krakow" and "Miechów" sheets of the Detailed Geological Map of Poland 1: 50000, promoter of 6 doctoral dissertations and reviewer of many doctoral and habilitation dissertations. He was an honorary member of the Polish Geological Society, a founding member of the Polish Limnological Society, and a member of, among others, of the Commission on Quaternary Palaeogeography of the Polish Academy of Science and Art and the Committee of Quaternary Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences.
No modern skeletal remains of this macaw are known, but three subfossil specimens have been discovered: half a carpometacarpus from a possibly Pleistocene spring deposit in Ciego Montero, identified by extrapolating from the size of Cuban macaw skins and bones of extant macaws (reported in 1928), a rostrum from a Quaternary cave deposit in Caimito (reported in 1984), and a worn skull from Sagua La Grande, which was deposited in a waterfilled sinkhole possibly during the Quaternary and associated with various extinct birds and ground sloths (reported in 2008).
This lake has been covered by perennial ice since that time.Hodgson D.A., S.J. Roberts, M.J. Bentley, J.A. Smith, J.S. Johnson, E. Verleyen, W. Vyverman, A.J. Hodson, M.J. Leng, A. Cziferszky, A.J. Fox, and D.C.W. Sanderson (2009) Exploring former subglacial Hodgson Lake, Antarctica Paper I. Quaternary Science Reviews. 28:23–24:2295–2309.Hodgson D.A., S.J. Roberts, M.J. Bentley, E.L. Carmichael, J.A. Smith, E. Verleyen, W. Vyverman, P. Geissler, M.J. Leng, and D.C.W. Sanderson (2009) Exploring former subglacial Hodgson Lake, Antarctica Paper II. Quaternary Science Reviews. 28:23–24:2310–2325.
Stable isotopes can be used to better understand climate change and human-landscape interactions, with increasing importance on the Anthropocene and the modern calibration period; tracers of modern pollution; and understanding the hydrological cycle especially in areas suffering human impact. Leng takes part in expeditions, most recently the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) mission called ORCHESTRA (Ocean Regulation of Climate by Heat and Carbon Sequestration and Transports). She actively blogs about her research. Leng serves on the editorial board of the journals Quaternary Research', Quaternary Science Reviews', Scientific Reports and Journal of Paleolimnology.
Hofmann elimination is an elimination reaction of an amine where the least stable (least substituted) alkene, the Hofmann product, is formed. This tendency, known as the Hofmann alkene synthesis rule, is in contrast to usual elimination reactions, where Zaitsev's rule predicts the formation of the most stable alkene. It is named after its discoverer, August Wilhelm von Hofmann. The reaction involves the formation of a quaternary ammonium iodide salt by treatment of the amine with excess methyl iodide (exhaustive methylation), followed by treatment with silver oxide and water to form a quaternary ammonium hydroxide.
Yan-nhaŋu verbs denote action within the sentence. Their conjugation is somewhat unusual and does not follow the standard inflections to denote temporal change. Rather, there are four major forms (primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary), each of which is used to denote tense or mood. The primary is used to indicate the present or future tense as well as the ‘yesterday’ past, the secondary is used most often for commands or as a future/irrealis, the tertiary is used to show past actions, and the quaternary usually serves as the habitual or irrealis.
The only grand shrine was Ōtori Shrine in Ōtori District (Ōtorikita, Sakai), ranking among the Myōjin Taisha; it also became Izumi Province's primary shrine. The secondary shrine was Izumi-Anashi Shrine (Toyonaka, Izumiōtsu); the tertiary shrine was Hijiri Shrine (Ōji, Izumi), the quaternary Tsugawa Shrine (Tsugawa, Kishiwada), and the quinary Hine Shrine (Hineno, Izumisano). However, Hine Shrine was listed as the quaternary shrine in a 1501 document. The sōja was the Five Shrine Sōja complex at Izumi-Inoue Shrine in the capital, where the kami of the above five shrines were also enshrined.
The formation of chiral quaternary carbon centers has been a synthetic challenge. Chemists have developed asymmetric Diels–Alder reactions, Nicolaou, K. C.; Vassilikogiannakis, G.; Mägerlein, W.; Kranich, R Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Volume 2001, Issue 40 , Pages 2482–2486 Heck reaction, Enyne cyclization, cycloaddition reactions, Quasdorf, K.W.; Overman, L. E. Nature Volume 2014, Volume 516, Pages 181 C–H activation, Allylic substitution, Pauson–Khand reaction, Ishizaki, M.; Niimi, Y.; Hoshino, O.; Hara, H.; Takahashi, T. Tetrahedron Volume 2001, Issue 61, Pages 4053–4065 etc. to construct asymmetric quaternary carbons.
Skoura is also the name of a Geological Basin.Marinheiro, J., Mateus, O., Alaoui, A., Amani, F., Nami, M., & Ribeiro, C. (2014). New Quaternary fossil sites from the Middle Atlas of Morocco. Comunicações Geológicas, 101(Especial I), 485-488.
This marine species has an circumarctic distribution, down to Massachusetts, USA; from the Bering Sea to Washington , USA. Fossils have been found in Pliocene strata of the United Kingdom and in Quaternary of Canada and the United Kingdom.
Nucleic acid structure refers to the structure of nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA. Chemically speaking, DNA and RNA are very similar. Nucleic acid structure is often divided into four different levels: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary.
A rate of less than per year is estimated for the fault, considered inactive. Displaced Quaternary terraces as high as are reported and the fault offsets the Tertiary erosion surface of the Central Ranges.Paris et al., 2000, p.
Aliquat 336 (Starks' catalyst) is a quaternary ammonium salt used as a phase transfer catalyst and metal extraction reagent. It contains a mixture of C8 (octyl) and C10 (decyl) chains with C8 predominating. It is an ionic liquid.
The city stretches out on an alluvial plain dating to the Quaternary era. The mountainous regions nearby are older, dating from the Mesozoic (Triassic) or Paleozoic. A number of earthquakes have devastated Ljubljana, including in 1511 and 1895.
Lin, H.-L., Peterson, L.C., Overpeck, J.T., Trumbore, S.E. & Murray, D.W. 1997: Late Quaternary climate change from δ18O records of multiple species of planktonic foraminifera: high-resolution records from the anoxic Cariaco Basin, Venezuela. Paleoceanography 12, 415-427.
18 (2001); Marsters, B.; Spiker, E.; and Rubin, M. "U.S. Geological Survey Radiocarbon Dates X." Radiocarbon. 11 (1969); Harrington, C.R. Annotated Bibliography of Quaternary Vertebrates of Northern North America: With Radiocarbon Dates. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2003.
Evidence suggests the seals are descended from Arctic ringed seals that reached the area from the north during an earlier part of the Quaternary period and became isolated in the landlocked Caspian Sea when continental ice sheets melted.
Members included animals resembling giant pigs, rhinoceroses, and titanotheres. During the Pliocene, Colorado was home to creatures like rhinoceroses and giant pig-like animals. The state's modern prairies formed during the Quaternary. Colorado was shaken by volcanic eruptions.
Mount Lao consists of granite. The mountain's landforms were formed due to the action of glaciers during the Quaternary and erosion by meltwater released from the icecap that covered a large portion of Shandong during the late Pleistocene.
View of Methow River from Goat Wall, Prime Rib, overlooking the Methow Valley. Soils are characteristically Leiko stony ashy sandy loam. Rock types in surrounding areas include Cretaceous Andesite, and Quaternary Alluvium which is mostly in the valley.
This article incorporates CC-BY-3.0 text from the referenceMeng S. & Hoffmann M. H. (2009). "Pupilla loessica Ložek 1954 (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Pupillidae) – “A Living Fossil” in Central Asia?". Eiszeitalter und Gegenwart Quaternary Science Journal 58(1): 55–69. .
The word dimer has roots meaning "two parts", di- + -mer. A protein dimer is a type of protein quaternary structure. A protein homodimer is formed by two identical proteins. A protein heterodimer is formed by two different proteins.
This is a list of lists of schools, sorted by country. The list does not include educational institutions providing higher education, meaning tertiary, quaternary, or post-secondary education, for which see list of colleges and universities by country.
284 pp. Skeptical Inquirer 19(3): 33-36. • Dixon, E. James, Timothy H. Heaton, Terrance E. Fifield, Thomas D. Hamilton, David E. Putnam and Frederick Grady, 1997. Late Quaternary Regional Geoarchaeology of Southeast Alaska Karst: A Progress Report.
During the Quaternary Devensian glaciation, loess was deposited, blown in by wind from the west. The island was only separated from the continent of Europe by rising sea levels at about 5000 BC during the new stone age.
Recently Anancus along with other tetralophodont gomphotheres have been removed from Gomphotheridae into their own family, Anancidae.J. Shoshani and P. Tassy. 2005. Advances in proboscidean taxonomy & classification, anatomy & physiology, and ecology & behavior. Quaternary International 126-128:5-20J.
This article incorporates CC-BY-3.0 text from the referenceMeng S. & Hoffmann M. H. (2009). "Pupilla loessica Ložek 1954 (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Pupillidae) – “A Living Fossil” in Central Asia?". Eiszeitalter und Gegenwart Quaternary Science Journal 58(1): 55–69. .
Composed of three α-helices and one beta-strand that contribute to the formation of the quaternary structure. This domain contains residues that interact with the active site of the neighboring subunit to facilitate substrate and cofactor binding.
Quaternary salts that are used include 2.3-epoxy propyl trimethyl ammoniumchloride (EPTAC, also known as or Glytac Quab, GMAC™) and (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride (CHPTAC, also known as Quat 188, Quab 188, Reagens™).
Fossil species such as Spizaetus willetti may have grown to similar sizes as the modern harpy eagle (Harpia harpyja).Howard, H. (1935). A new species of eagle from a Quaternary cave deposit in eastern Nevada. Condor 37:206-209.
The coastal lowlands around Wanganui to the South have well-developed Quaternary marine terraces, and coastal sand dunes. The Taranaki Basin is the only area in New Zealand with significant known oil and gas deposits, many of them offshore.
Quaternary Research. v. 13, no. 2, pp. 259-273. As result, they concluded that the projectile points are not associated with any Paleo-Indian cultures and the identification of the bones as being those of a mammoth is questionable.
The Polvadera Group is a group of geologic formation exposed in and around the Jemez Mountains of northern New Mexico. Radiometric dating gives it an age of 13 to 2.2 million years, corresponding to the Miocene through early Quaternary.
Aerial view from north east. Mount Ainslie is to the left. Calcareous shales from the Canberra Formation from the Silurian period is overlain by Quaternary alluvium. This rock is the limestone of the original title of Canberra "Limestone Plains".
Uppermost Miocene to Quaternary accumulation history at the Danube Basin eastern flanks, in: Fodor, L., Kövér, Sz. (eds.), 11th Meeting of the Central European Tectonic Studies Group (CETeG). Abstract book, Geol. Geophys. Inst. of Hungary, Budapest, pp. 66-68.
In the mid-1990s, he worked at the Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum in Mainz/Neuwied as a Humboldt Research Fellow. He was appointed to the position Chair of Early Prehistory and Quaternary Ecology at the University of Tübingen in 1995.
Lake Baikal is an unusually large and deep example of half-graben evolution. The lake is , with a maximum depth of . Sediment in the depression may be up to in depth. The system also includes some small Quaternary volcanoes.
Ultimately, this work allowed environmental magnetists to map out the variations in the monsoon cycle during the Quaternary. Magnetic measurements of lacustrine sediments can also be used to reconstruct the upland surface processes that were associated with past climate.
MIS 16 is believed to correspond to Pre-Illinoian D in North America.J. Ehlers, P.L. Gibbard, P.D. Hughes: Quaternary Glaciations - Extent and Chronology: A Closer Look, Discussion of the dating of the age of glacial limits, pp 523-524.
It is a complex clinical syndrome caused by the combination of all blast effects, i.e., primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary blast mechanisms. Blast injuries usually manifest in a form of polytrauma, i.e. injury involving multiple organs or organ systems.
The current extent of Hudson Bay, the Great Lakes and other major lakes of North America are a consequence of the Canadian Shield's readjustment since the last ice age; different shorelines have existed over the course of Quaternary time.
The Neogene Period is a unit of geologic time starting 23.03 Ma. and ends at 2.588 Ma. The Neogene Period follows the Paleogene Period. The Neogene consists of the Miocene and Pliocene and is followed by the Quaternary Period.
Kuhle, M., Kuhle, S. (2010): Review on Dating methods: Numerical Dating in the Quaternary of High Asia. In: Journal of Mountain Science (2010) 7: 105-122. The formation of a contiguous ice sheet on the Tibetan Plateau is controversial.
T-1123 is a carbamate-based acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. It was investigated as a chemical warfare agent starting in 1940. It does not go through the blood-brain barrier due to the charge on quaternary nitrogen. The antidote is atropine.
He delivered an easy- to-handle and accurate calculation of the long-term variations of the daily, seasonalBerger A., Loutre M.F. and Q.Z. Yin, 2010. Total irradiation during the interval of the year using elliptical integrals. Quaternary Science Reviews.
The Precordilleran hills and mountains have step slopes to the north and south as the main direction of the Quaternary glaciers where from east to west. Many lake shores are cleared lands where agriculture, settlements and resort areas develop.
Tetrabutylammonium is a quaternary ammonium cation with the formula [N(C4H9)4]+. It is used in the research laboratory to prepare lipophilic salts of inorganic anions. Relative to tetraethylammonium derivatives, tetrabutylammonium salts are more lipophilic but crystallize less readily.
Gaylord, DR, AJ Busacca, and MR Sweeney (2003) The Palouse loess and the Channeled Scabland: A paired Ice-Age geologic system. In Quaternary Geology of the United States, INQUA 2003 Field Guide Volume. DJ Easterbrook, ed., pp. 123-134.
It can be locally abundant on muddy sediment in shallow waters. Turritella communis fossils Fossil and subfossil shells of Turritella communis have been found in interglacial strata in the North Sea, from the Late Pliocene to the Quaternary Period.
Geologically, the rocks close to the epicenter are primarily Tertiary to Quaternary volcanic sediments, with pre-Tertiary to Tertiary sedimentary and metamorphic rock. These soft rocks are thought to have caused an increase in the intensity of the earthquake.
The mono- and bis-quaternary azasteroid series of compounds to which candocuronium belongs are based on the same principle that led to aminosteroids such as pancuronium, vecuronium and rocuronium: use of the steroid skeleton to provide a somewhat rigid distance between the two quaternary ammonium centers, with appendages incorporating fragments of choline or acetylcholine. The discovery program initiated by Singh initially led to the synthesis of the bis-quaternary non-depolarizing agent HS-342 (4,17a-dimethyl-4,17a-diaza-D-homo-5α-androstane dimethiodide) that was equipotent with tubocurarine and with one-third its duration of action, but not suitable for further clinical evaluation. Modifications of the HS-342 structure led to two other notable agents, HS-347 and HS-310 (subsequently named chandonium, then candocuronium). HS-347 was equipotent with tubocurarine but exhibited considerable ganglion blocking activity; candocuronium appeared to be suitably placed for clinical trials following encouraging preclinical evaluations.
This interpretation is consistent with the optically stimulated luminescence dates, which suggest that the Carolina bays are relict features that formed when the climate was colder, drier, and windier. Quaternary geologists and geomorphologists argue that the features of the Carolina bays can be readily explained by known terrestrial processes and repeated modification by eolian and lacustrine processes. Also, Quaternary geologists and geomorphologists have found a correspondence in time between when the active modification of the rims of Carolina bays most commonly occurred and when adjacent sand dunes were active during the Wisconsin glaciation between 15,000 and 40,000 years (Late Wisconsin) and 70,000 to 80,000 years BP (Early Wisconsin). In addition, Quaternary geologists and geomorphologists have found that the orientations of the Carolina bays are consistent with the wind patterns that existed during the Wisconsin glaciation, as reconstructed from the orientations of parabolic dunes in river valleys.
This species occurs in the Caribbean Sea and in the Gulf of Mexico; in the Atlantic Ocean from North Carolina, USA, to Northern Brasil; fossils have been found in Quaternary strata in Florida, USA, age range: 2.588 to 0.012 Ma.
At that age it was tall and weighed . The species is known from the Middle Atlas of Morocco.Marinheiro, J., Mateus, O., Alaoui, A., Amani, F., Nami, M., & Ribeiro, C. (2014). New Quaternary fossil sites from the Middle Atlas of Morocco.
Bruno Messerli completed his doctorate at the University of Bern in 1962. His doctoral research concerned the geomorphology of the Sierra Nevada in Andalusia, Spain. His post-doctoral Habilitation thesis concerned Quaternary glaciation of mountain ranges around the Mediterranean basin.
Stuiver, M. and H. E. Suess (1966). "On the relationship between radiocarbon dates and true sample ages." Radiocarbon 8: 534-540. In 1969 Minze moved to the newly founded Quaternary Research Center at the University of Washington (UW) in Seattle.
Scripted sources that are referred for citations are under primary, secondary, tertiary sections, where as the quaternary section consists of reference sources that are primarily used to validate the credibility of authors of works mentioned in the first three sections.
Polyquaternium-7 is an organic compound in the polyquaternium class of chemicals and used in the personal care industry. It is the copolymer of acrylamide and the quaternary ammonium salt diallyldimethylammonium chloride. Its molecular formula is: (C8H16ClN)n(C3H5NO)m.
Grid ref: H10054613. The rocks of this formation date from the Quaternary (Holocene) period and consist of limestone. The area is designated a PASSI. Murphy's Hole is situated at the north end of a depression that also contains Seltanacool Sinks.
Grid ref: H100470. The substrata from this formation dates from the Quaternary (Holocene) era and is composed of limestone. Designated a PASSI, it is situated in a cliff of Knockmore Limestone. This cave is linked to a series of springs.
Grid ref: H102458. (). The rocks from this line of three sinks date from the Quaternary (Holocene) and consist of limestone. It is thought that the sinks, which are situated in the same depression as Murphy's Hole, link to Carrickbeg Rising.
N. timorensis has been found in the waters of the Red Sea, Singapore and the western Malay Peninsula. It has also been found as a fossil in Upper Pliocene rocks from Timor and Miocene to Quaternary rocks in the Solomon Islands.
1945; Richmond, Gerald M. "Three Pre–Bull Lake Tills in the Wind River Mountains, Wyoming: A Reinterpretation." U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 501-D. 1964; Richmond, Gerald M. "Glaciation of the Rocky Mountains." In The Quaternary of the United States.
It is currently unknown whether they have mechanisms to regulate buoyancy. Parmales have also been found as fossils in the Middle America Trench in sediments from the mid to late Quaternary period. Older fossils have been reported but are unverifiable.
Local erosion continued into the Cenozoic era. There is no local rock record for the entirety of the Tertiary. During the more recent Quaternary, New Hampshire was largely covered by glaciers. The local plant life resembled that of modern arctic Canada.
If an organic solution of permanganate is desired, "purple benzene" may be prepared, either by treating a two phase mixture of aqueous potassium permanganate and benzene with a quaternary ammonium salt, or by sequestering the potassium cation with a crown ether.
Calcareous shales from the Canberra Formation is overlain by Quaternary alluvium. This rock is the limestone of the original title of Canberra "Limestone Plains".Henderson G A M and Matveev G, Geology of Canberra, Queanbeyan and Environs 1:50000 1980.
From 1954 to 1968 he was there the director. Since 1954 he was a member of the ESSR Academy of Sciences. From 1961 to 1965 he was a member of the executive committee of the International Union for Quaternary Research.
As the polar jet stream moved southward, it caused increased precipitation of isotopically depleted rain water.Benson, L. V., & Thompson, R. S. (1987). Lake-level variation in the Lahontan Basin for the past 50,000 years. Quaternary Research, 28(1), 69-85.
Glaciation during the late Quaternary period (beginning c. one million years ago) facilitated greater denudation. Glaciers expanded and retreated over the region several times. Of the last two periods the first was the more pronounced, covering the whole of the Burren.
Moe, A. P., & Smith, D. M. (2005). Using pre-Quaternary diptera as indicators of paleoclimate. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 221(3-4), 203-214. Of these, the beetles are the most diverse and dominate in amount of specimens found as fossils.
Extremely archaic handaxe from the Quaternary fluvial terraces of Duero river (Valladolid, Spain) dated to Oldowan/Abbevillian period (Lower Paleolithic). Oldowan tools have been found at the following sites: Fuente Nueva 3, Barranco del Leon, Sima del Elefante, Atapuerca TD 6.
The Tehran Plain is a landscape formation in Iran. It consists of Neogene and Quaternary sediments.Angela Landgraf, Lucilla Benedetti, Regis Braucher, Didier Bourles et al. Pleistocene deformation and landscape evolution in the Tehran plain: results from tectonic geomorphology and TCN-dating.
Encyclopedia of Paleoherpetology 17C:1-174. Both O. bainii, the type species, and O. grandis are known from South Africa.Owen, R. (1860). On some reptilian fossils from South Africa. Quaternary Journal of the Geological Assotiation of South Africa 67:1-110.
For example, a study of SDH that used diverse methods such as protein sequence alignments, structural comparisons, energy calculations, gelfiltration experiments, and enzyme kinetics experiments could reveal an important hydrogen-bonding network that stabilizes the tetrameric quaternary structure in mammalian SDH.
Montagne J.L. "Quaternary System, Wisconsin Glaciation." Geologic Atlas of the Rocky Mountain Region. Denver: Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists, 1972. Between 15,000 BCE and 11,000 BCE, the Laurentide Ice Sheet blocked the Missouri River and created Glacial Lake Great Falls.
Grimm, E.C., W.A. Watts, G.L. Jacobson Jr., B.C.S. Hansen, H.R. Almquist, and A.C. Dieffenbacher-Krall (2006) Evidence for warm wet Heinrich events in Florida. Quaternary Science Reviews. vol. 25, pp. 2197–2211. Lake Tulane is used for swimming, boating and fishing.
All opto-isolators described so far are uni-directional. Optical channel always works one way, from the source (LED) to the sensor. The sensors, be they photoresistors, photodiodes or phototransistors, cannot emit light.Exception: Ternary and quaternary GaAsP photodiodes can generate light.
Phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase is a fusion protein in plants and fungi, but consists of two non-interacting proteins in bacteria, PurK and PurE. The crystal structure of PurE indicates a unique quaternary structure that confirms the octameric nature of the enzyme.
Quaternary varves are used in stratigraphy and palaeoclimatology to reconstruct climate changes during the last few hundred thousand years. Lamination in sandstone is often formed in a coastal environment, where wave energy causes a separation between grains of different sizes.
In addition to these journal articles Holliday also focused some of his writings on the lithics found at the site.Johnson, Eileen; Holliday, Vance T. "Lubbock Lake Lithic Assemblages." Lubbock Lake: Late Quaternary Studies on the Southern High Plains: 1-13. 1987.
One methyl group is present on each nitrogen atom prior to the radical coupling. The additional methyl group is transferred to form tubocurarine, with its single quaternary N,N-dimethylamino group.Dewick, P. M. Medicinal Natural Products; a Biosynthetic Approach. 3rd ed.
Tetra-n-butylammonium bromide (TBAB) is a quaternary ammonium salt with a bromide counterion commonly used as a phase transfer catalyst. It is used to prepare many other tetrabutylammonium salts by salt metathesis reactions. The anhydrous form is a white solid.
Willis gained her first degree in geography and environmental science from the University of Southampton, and her PhD in plant sciences from the University of Cambridge for research on the vegetational history of the late Quaternary in Epirus, northwest Greece.
Fossils have been found in the Quaternary of Spain. In the Pliocene of Algeria, Cyprus, Greece, Italy, Spain, in the Miocene of Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Germany, Greece, Italy, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Spain and in the Oligocene of Austria and Hungary.
Long-term variations of daily insolation and Quaternary Climatic Changes. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 35(12), 2362-2367. He calculated the periods characterizing the variations of the astronomical parameters,Berger, A., 1977. Support for the astronomical theory of climatic change.
45-106, Académie Royale des Sciences, des Lettres et des Beaux-Arts de Belgique. estimated the value of these astronomical periods over tens to hundreds of millions of years,Berger, A., Loutre, M.F., Dehant, V., 1989. Pre-Quaternary Milankovitch frequencies.
29, 1968-1982 and caloricBerger, A., 1978. Long-term variations of caloric insolation resulting from the Earth's orbital elements. Quaternary Research, 9, 139-167. irradiations. With his team, he developed one of the first Earth Model of Intermediate Complexity (EMICs).
It is described by Natural England as a "site of national importance for the study of Quaternary environments and climates". There is access to the site from Purfleet Road, but no geology is visible as the excavations have been filled in.
24-26 Like the rest of the Weald, Ashdown lay beyond the southern limits of Quaternary ice sheets, but the whole area was subject at times to a severe periglacial environment that has contributed to its geology and shaped its landforms.
The hill is a volcanic rock- shelter site and a part of volcano mouth of in diameter. It is surrounded by numerous isolated hills and mountains with most representing the sites of extinct volcanoes ranging from Pliocene to Quaternary in age.
Rivers follow for most of their course structural features of the geology of Ireland. Marine erosion since the Miocene may have made Ireland's western coast retreat more than 100 km. Pre- Quaternary relief was more dramatic than today's glacier-smoothened landscapes.
Using salt metathesis reactions, potassium hexachloroplatinate is converted to a variety of quaternary ammonium and related lipophilic salts. These include tetrabutylammonium salt (NBu4)2PtCl6, known as Lukevics catalyst. Reduction of potassium hexachloroplatinate with hydrazine dihydrochloride gives the corresponding tetrachloroplatinate salt.
Quaternary Research, 18, 127–143.Angell, J. K., & Korshover, J. (1985). Surface Temperature Changes Following the Six Major Volcanic Episodes between 1780 and 1980. Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology, 24, 937–951Minnis, P., Harrison, E. F., & Stowe, L. L. (1993).
Tunupa and Sillajhuay farther west form a chain of volcanoes known as the Serranía Intersalar, which lies within the so-called Pica gap where recent volcanism is rare. This chain of volcanoes was active starting from the Oligocene to the Quaternary.
These are important components for the formation of lipid bilayers. Phosphatidylethanoamines, phosphatidylcholines, and other phospholipids are examples of phosphatidates. ;Phosphatidylcholines Phosphatidylcholines are lecithins. Choline is the alcohol, with a positively charged quaternary ammonium, bound to the phosphate, with a negative charge.
The plain of Holderness and the Humberhead levels both owe their present form to the Quaternary ice ages. Much of Yorkshire presents heavily glaciated scenery as few places escaped the great ice sheets as they advanced during the last ice age.
The `X` and `D` descriptors are used to specify the total numbers of connections (including implicit hydrogen atoms) and connections to explicit atoms. Thus `[CX4]` matches carbon atoms with bonds to any four other atoms while `[CD4]` matches quaternary carbon.
The Geological Survey of Estonia completed mapping of Paleozoic bedrock and Quaternary sediments by 1975. Additional maps of hydrogeology, geomorphology, engineering geology and even geoecology have been completed since then. Up until 1990, all geologic publications were written in Russian.
The city of Roermond lies above the Roer Graben, which forms the southeastern part of the Lower Rhine Graben (or Lower Rhine Embayment). These structures form part of the European Cenozoic Rift System, which formed within the foreland of the Alpine orogeny. The Roer graben formed during the Paleogene and is currently active as shown by the thickening of Quaternary sedimentary rocks into the basin. The graben is bounded by NW-SE trending normal fault systems, with the largest fault being the southwest-dipping Peel Boundary Fault, which displaces the base of the Quaternary sequence by about 175 m.
Naples Creek rises in the foothills of the Santa Cruz Mountains at an approximate headwaters elevation of over 400 feet and runs southwest through agricultural land and urban developed areas in the lower reach to the Pacific Ocean. Regionally, both the surface water and the groundwater flow with the slope of the terrain, that is, from the northeast to the southwest. Groundwater in the lower reach has been found at 20 to 80 feet below the surface in unconsolidated Quaternary marine terrace deposits and in unconsolidated Quaternary alluvium.Earth Metrics Inc., Environmental Site Assessment, APN 048-095-110, Half Moon Bay, California, Report no.
Deep beneath the BHH kimberlite field lies a 2.0 to 2.4 billion year old Precambrian craton called the Buffalo Head Terrane, which has no exposure at surface. The Precambrian craton is overlain by about of Paleozoic and Mesozoic sedimentary rocks, which are covered by as much as of unconsolidated glacial and post-glacial sediments of Quaternary age. Because of this thick cover of Quaternary sediments and lack of bedrock outcrops, the BHH kimberlite pipes were discovered primarily through interpretation of geophysical data from aeromagnetic and gravity surveys, followed by drilling programs.Boyer, L., McCandless, T., Tosdal, R. and Russell, K. 2008.
Nankela completed her primary school at Oshakati Combined School (also known as Ngolo) in 1999 and later attended high school at Okalongo Secondary School majoring in history and geography. After taking gap years, she later pursued her Bachelor's degree in History and Geography from the University of Namibia until 2008. She earned a joint Master’s degrees in Quaternary & Prehistory (Archaeology) from the University of Ferrara and the Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle de Paris in 2011, and between 2013 - 2017 obtained a double titled PhD in Quaternary & Prehistory (Archaeology) through the Erasmus Mundus joint study programs, in France and Italy.
Although being affected by the ice-sheet history spanning the Quaternary period of the last 2.5 million years, much of the landscape are moderately imprinted by ice-sheet erosion except from in the main valleys. Even these valleys including Sjodalen and Ottadalen are of pre- Quaternary origin, and were originally sculptured by fluvial rather than glacial erosion. The numerous lakes does remind us of the glacial history, although being much more limited than in the more dramatic [fiord]s of western Norway. This limited glacial erosion also means that Vågå had limited glacier erosion during the last glacial period.
Newer formulations using benzalkonium blended with various quaternary ammonium derivatives can be used to extend the biocidal spectrum and enhance the efficacy of benzalkonium based disinfection products. Formulation techniques have been used to great effect in enhancing the virucidal activity of quaternary ammonium-based disinfectants such as Virucide 100 to typical healthcare infection hazards such as hepatitis and HIV. The use of appropriate excipients can also greatly enhance the spectrum, performance and detergency, and prevent deactivation under use conditions. Formulation can also help minimise deactivation of benzalkonium solutions in the presence of organic and inorganic contamination.
The dominant chemical characteristics of candicine are that it is a quaternary ammonium salt and a phenol. The quaternary ammonium cation is found in association with different anions, forming the corresponding salts, the commonest of which are the iodide and chloride, trivially named "candicine iodide" (or "hordenine methiodide") and "candicine chloride". Since it is impractical to isolate candicine from a natural source along with its original counterion(s), isolation procedures are designed so as to obtain it in association with a particular anion chosen by the investigator. The name "candicine" when used alone is thus not unequivocally chemically defined.
Upton lies at the geographic centre of the northern part of the Wirral Peninsula, from the Irish Sea at Leasowe Lighthouse, north-east of the Dee Estuary and a similar distance south-west of the River Mersey. Upton sits on a low-lying hill, in a wide and shallow glacial U-shaped valley, formed during the Quaternary Ice Age, between Bidston Hill and Thurstaston Hill. The underlying bedrock is Triassic bunter sandstone of the Helsby Sandstone Formation and the Sidmouth Mudstone Formation. This is overlain with boulder clay from the Quaternary Ice Age, similar to the nearby Dee Cliffs, and clay soil.
The plain in Gordes (southeast) is composed of soil dating from the Quaternary (fluvial deposits, colluvium and scree) and soils of the Late Jurassic period (calcareous clay and blue marl). The hills area of "les garrigues" (in the south) is composed of soil dating from the Cretaceous – Paleocene period (calcareous sandstone, calcareous lacustrine clay, colorful, white and ocher sands and some ferruginous) and from the Miocene period (molasses limestone, sand and marl). Finally, the soil of the territory down to the plain of Calavon with some slightly higher ground dating from the Miocene and one lower from the Quaternary.
Irby lies on the western side of the northern part of the Wirral Peninsula, from the Irish Sea at Hoylake, from the Dee Estuary and about from the River Mersey at Tranmere. Irby sits on the eastern side of Thurstaston Hill, at the western side of a wide and shallow glacial U-shaped valley, formed during the Quaternary Ice Age. The underlying bedrock is Triassic bunter sandstone of the Helsby Sandstone Formation, and Triassic siltstone of the Tarporley Siltstone Formation. This is overlain with boulder clay from the Quaternary Ice Age, similar to the nearby Dee Cliffs, and clay soil.
The lake is volcanic in origin and is probably a graben or depression produced by the Philippine Fault (or Leyte Central Fault), an active fault traversing the lake area in a N-S direction. Rock formations of the surrounding mountains include andesitic volcanic rocks of Quaternary origin in the western side, andesitic and dacitic volcanics of Miocene origin in the southeastern portion, and intermediate volcanic sediments of Quaternary origin in the northeastern side of the lake. There are wetlands found near the lake. The present lake could be the deepest portion of a much larger lake in the past.
Professor Rutkowski dealt with both basic and application research. In the first period of his scientific career he mainly studied petrography, sedimentation and physical properties of carbonate rocks, sandstones, gravels and mineral resources. After his transfer to the Department of Geological Cartography, his research interests extended to issues of Quaternary geology, geomorphology, as well as geological mapping. His greatest achievements included research into the lithology of the Niecka Niedziańska chalk, conditions of sedimentation and lithology of Sarmatian limestones from the south-western Świętokrzyskie Mountains, tectonics and Quaternary deposits around Kraków, as well as the environment of Wigry Lake.
The River Severn's current form is the result of a multi-million year history and complex underlying geology but is in part the result of glaciation during the last ice age in the Pleistocene epoch of the Quaternary period. Within Wales, the river runs through a landscape formed in Ordovician and Silurian rocks. As it enters the Shropshire Plain, these lower Palaeozoic rocks are replaced by Permian and Triassic age strata though largely unseen beneath a thick cover of Quaternary deposits. Certain stretches also run across Carboniferous strata as at Shrewsbury and for much of the distance between Ironbridge and Bewdley.
Hall, W.E., Van Devender, T.R. and Olson, C.A., Late Quaternary arthropod remains from Sonoran desert packrat middens, southwestern Arizona and northwestern Sonora, Quaternary Research, in press, 1988. All have concluded that the Gran Desierto has been an ecological refuge for desert plants since at least the late Pleistocene. The Gran Desierto has served as a refuge for most dominant Mojave Desert plant species during cooler pluvial epochs as well. Carbon-14 dating for a midden from the Tinajas Altas Mountains shows assemblages of juniper and Joshua trees coexisting with contemporary Gran Desierto flora and fauna more than 43,000 years before present.
Thus, according to the laws of mathematical modelling of infectious diseases, smokers raise the exponential growth rates of influenza epidemics and may indirectly be responsible for a large percentage of influenza cases. Since influenza spreads through both aerosols and contact with contaminated surfaces, surface sanitizing may help prevent some infections. Alcohol is an effective sanitizer against influenza viruses, while quaternary ammonium compounds can be used with alcohol so that the sanitizing effect lasts for longer. In hospitals, quaternary ammonium compounds and bleach are used to sanitize rooms or equipment that have been occupied by patients with influenza symptoms.
The Quaternary glacial geology precludes the region to have been covered by the large prehistoric glacial lake called Lake Agassiz. The ancient shoreline can be seen along the "Esker Trail" in Narrow Hills Provincial Park which is just north-east of the city. Many different types of fossils have been found in the Prince Albert region. Along the riverbanks of the Shell River can be observed a stratum containing Quaternary bivalve mollusk shells and in 2014 the vertebrae and bone fragments of a bison were found by local college students attending Saskatchewan Polytechnic in the Shell River area.
In the Wind River area, the Cascades sit atop Cenozoic era lava flows and volcaniclastic deposits, which have a calc-alkaline composition. Divided into the Ohanapecosh Formation, Eagle Creek Formation, Yakima Basalt, and Quaternary basalt flows, they show variable thickness and topographies. The Cascade Arc formed during the Oligocene epoch, and by the late Miocene epoch there was a low but broad gap between the Washington segment of the arc and Cascade volcanoes in Oregon. Activity picked up during the Quaternary period in Washington, as andesitic stratovolcanoes and small, olivine basalt cinder cones and shield volcanoes erupted.
In general, the glaciated lies to the north and west of the unglaciated, and forms an arc in northeastern to southeastern Ohio lying between the glacial till plains and the Unglaciated Allegheny Plateau. The Glaciated Allegheny Plateau extends into a belt of southern New York State and the central Susquehanna River basin. A small area of the Allegheny Plateau was glaciated during the Wisconsin Stage, the late Illinoian Stage, and Pre- Illinoian B and G glaciations of the Pre-Illinoian Stage.Richmond, G.M. and D.S. Fullerton, 1986, Summation of Quaternary glaciations in the United States of America, Quaternary Science Reviews. vol.
Brittle tectonism in relation to the Palaeogene evolution of the Thulean/NE Atlantic domain: a study in Ulster (Subscription required) Retrieved on 10 November 2007 Most of Ireland was likely above sea level during the last 60 million years. As such its landscapes have been shaped by erosion and weathering on land. Protracted erosion does also means most of the Paleogene and Neogene sediments have been eroded away or, as known in a few cases, buried by Quaternary deposits. Before the Quaternary glaciations affected Ireland the landscape had developed thick weathered regolith on the uplands and karst in the lowlands.
33, pp. 319–348.Andreev A.A., G. Grosse, L. Schirrmeister, T.V. Kuznetsova, S.A. Kuzmina, A.A. Bobrov, P.E. Tarasov, E.Y. Novenko, H. Meyer, A.Y. Derevyagin, F. Kienast, A. Bryantseva, and V.V. Kunitsky (2009) Weichselian and Holocene palaeoenvironmental history of the Bol'shoy Lyakhovsky Island, New Siberian Archipelago, Arctic Siberia. Boreas. 38:(1)72-110.Andreev, A.A., L. Schirrmeister, P.E. Tarasov, A. Ganopolski, V. Brovkin, C. Siegert, S. Wetterich, and H.-W. Hubberten (2011) Vegetation and climate history in the Laptev Sea region (Arctic Siberia) during Late Quaternary inferred from pollen records. Quaternary Science Reviews 30 (2011) 30:2182–2199.
Late Quaternary prehistoric birds are avian taxa that became extinct during the Late Quaternary – the Holocene or Late Pleistocene – and before recorded history, or more precisely, before they could be studied alive by ornithological science. They became extinct before the period of global scientific exploration that started in the late 15th century. In other words, this list basically deals with extinctions between 40,000 BC and 1500 AD. For the purposes of this article, a "bird" is any member of the clade Neornithes, that is, any descendant of the most recent common ancestor of all currently living birds. Haast's eagle attacking New Zealand moa.
The village and parish lies on a bedrock of Oxford clay and in regions there are superficial Glaciofluvial and River Terrace deposits of sand and gravel from the Quaternary period, together with alluvium (clay and silt) from the same period. The land in the north of the parish is characterised as Oadby Member Diamicton, again from the Quaternary period, with rocks formed during Ice Age conditions by glaciers scouring the land. The village, which is approximately above sea level, lies just to the north of Junction 16 of the A14 road that runs from the Port of Felixstowe to the Catthorpe Interchange, Leicestershire.
The mount was withdrawn during the third period of Geology (Tertiary) And in the fourth period (Quaternary) assumed its present form. Material of rocks are mainly sedimentary and limestone. This has caused a lot of caves and wells in the mountains arise.
Li, Y., Li, J., & Zhang, Y. (2016). Fossil Scapanulus oweni (Eulipotyphla, Mammalia) from the Shanyangzhai Cave, Middle Pleistocene, Qinhuangdao, China. Quaternary International, 392, 197–202. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2015.08.001 /ref> He, K., Wang, J., Su, W., Li, Q., Nie, W., & Jiang, X. (2012).
Holocene alluvium and Quaternary sediments is a largely unconsolidated unit and is composed mostly of gravel and floodplain sediments. The sediments that mark the top of the basin can be found in modern streams/rivers and at the base of the foothills.
Currently, work has involved the introduction of alkyl groups to the amine groups to make quaternized N-alkyl chitosan derivatives, introduction of extra quaternary ammonium grafts to the chitosan, and modification with phenolic hydroxyl moieties. An example is shown in Figure 2.
The most noticeable features are fault saddles, ponded Quaternary alluvial valleys, stream deflections, offset drainages, linear fault ridges, and shutter ridges. Beyond the Popayán Formation, where the fault is in older rock formations, the topographic expression of the fault is still noticeable.
280; Google Books. meaning that the existence of all types of men has been within the Quaternary. The spread of Homo sapiens, from the red area, over the last 100,000 years, represented with geographical areas for Neanderthals (ocher) and early hominids (yellow).
Sir Nicholas John Shackleton (23 June 1937 – 24 January 2006) was an English geologist and paleoclimatologist who specialised in the Quaternary Period. He was the son of the distinguished field geologist Robert Millner Shackleton and great-nephew of the explorer Ernest Shackleton.
2nd Edition. WILEY-VCH. pp 265-299. 2006. Cationic surfactats are similar in nature to anionic surfactants, except the surfactant molecules carry a positive charge at the hydrophilic portion. Many of these compounds are quaternary ammonium salts, as well as cetrimonium bromide (CTAB).
The Quaternary ice ages resulted in the glacier's erosion of irregularly distributed weak rock, weathered rock mantles, and loose materials. When the ice masses retreated, eroded depressions turned into the many lakes seen now in Finland and Sweden.Lindberg, Johan (April 4, 2016).
Lower Pleistocene, Yuanmou Formation: Quaternary Geology and Paleoanthropology of Yuanmou, Yunnan, China. Beijing: Science Press, pp. 17-50 Liu et al. (1983) believed the age of Yuanmou Man was Middle Pleistocene, did not exceed 0.73 Ma, and was probably contemporaneous with Peking Man.
Garvey is a Registered Cultural Heritage Advisor (CHA) with the Office of Aboriginal Affairs Victoria (OAAV) and a current member of the Australian Archaeological Association (AAA); International Council for Archaeozoology (ICAZ); Australasian Quaternary Association (AQUA) and The Royal Society of Victoria (RSV).
According to these rates and the core description, the sediments covering this plateau are likely well-consolidated and possibly quite stiff.Ivanov, Ye. I., V. I . Kiselev And A.M. Palkina, 1985, Temperatures in the Indian Ocean during the Quaternary. Oceanology. 25(4):499-503.
Hundreds of different life forms are known to have inhabited Idaho during the Quaternary. The local molluscs also left behind many fossils during the Pleistocene epoch. Among them were freshwater clams. Oregon's Pleistocene mammals included Equus idahoensis, imperial mammoths, and musk oxen.
Fossils of Pelecyora are found in the marine strata throughout the world, including the Quaternary of Thailand, the Pliocene of Italy and Spain, the Miocene of Algeria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Germany, Italy, Poland, Slovakia and the Eocene of Belgium, Pakistan and the United States.
Only millions of year later was the valley re-shaped by glaciers during the Quaternary period. As the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet melted and retreated during the end of the last ice age a large but ephemeral ice-dammed lake formed in the valley.
Calcareous shales from the Canberra Formation is overlain in places by Quaternary alluvium. This rock includes the limestone of the original title of Canberra "Limestone Plains".Henderson G A M and Matveev G, Geology of Canberra, Queanbeyan and Environs 1:50000 1980.
Ayala, 2009, p.13 The southeastern edge of the basin is formed by the border with Venezuela. In total, the basin covers an area of .ANH, 2010 The sedimentary sequence inside the basin comprises Jurassic to Quaternary rocks, underlain by Paleozoic basement.
Quaternary deposits include glacial till of limited extent around Tarbert and screes which are found beneath various of the small basalt cliffs. Pleistocene and Holocene raised beach deposits are frequent around Canna’s coastline, some being late glacial and others post-glacial in age.
Industrially significant organic compounds prepared from hydrobromic acid include allyl bromide, tetrabromobis(phenol), and bromoacetic acid. HBr almost uniquely participates in antiMarkovnikov hydrohalogenation of alkenes. The resulting 1-bromoalkanes are versatile alkylating agents, giving rise to fatty amines and quaternary ammonium salts.
Choline chloride is an organic compound with the formula (CH3)3NCH2CH2OH]Cl. It is bifunctional, containing both quaternary ammonium salt and an alcohol. The cation is choline, which occurs naturally. It is a white, water-soluble salt used mainly in animal feed.
Cambridge U. Press, U.K.Morrás H, Moretti L, Pícolo G, Zech W (2009) Genesis of subtropical soils with stony horizons in NE Argentina: autochthony and polygenesis. Quaternary International 196, 137-159. is invariably a matter of interpretation (see Soil Biomantle).Johnson, D.L. 1988.
One of the more complex applications of PTC involves asymmetric alkylations, which are catalyzed by chiral quaternary ammonium salts derived from cinchona alkaloids.Takuya Hashimoto and Keiji Maruoka “Recent Development and Application of Chiral Phase-Transfer Catalysts” Chem. Rev. 2007, 107, 5656-5682.
A small area of alluvial sediments deposited in the upper Grose Valley during the Quaternary supports a tall moist open forest dominated by E. deanei, E. oreades, E. notabilis and E. cypelocarpa. The Blue Gum Forest is included in this forest type.
Young Cenozoic rocks are well preserved in a downfaulted area in the Sweetwater Hills. During the last 2.5 million years of the Quaternary continued uplift has accelerated erosion, as the Teton Range formed and the Yellowstone Caldera formed in its present location.
In: Kahlke, R.-D., Maul, L. C. & Mazza, P. (Eds.): Late Neogene and Quaternary biodiversity and evolution: Regional developments and interregional correlations. Proceedings of the 18th International Senckenberg Conference (VI International Palaeontological Colloquium in Weimar) vol. II. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 256, 131-137.
86, p. 271-286; www.cambridge.org/core/journals/quaternary-research The Satilla River is in the Atlantic Coastal Plain. Alapaha River, Suwanee River, and the Flint and Chattahoochee rivers flow through the Gulf Coastal Plain and the Florida Panhandle into the Gulf of Mexico.
Glycopyrronium bromide is a medication of the muscarinic anticholinergic group. It does not cross the blood–brain barrier and consequently has few to no central effects. It is available in oral, intravenous, topical, and inhaled forms. It is a synthetic quaternary ammonium compound.
Ambrona (Spain)Tyldesley J.A. & Bahn P.G. 1983: Use of Plant in the European Palaeolithic: A review of the evidence. in: Quaternary Science Review Vol.2, S. 53-81 and Bad Cannstatt (Germany/Baden- Wuerttemberg),Wagner E. 1995: Cannstatt I. Großwildjäger im Travertingebiet.
Recent research has suggested that the whole fault may be of Quaternary age with little activity during the Pennsylvanian. During the history of the fault considerable uplift took place on its southern side while the recent movement has generated an opposite movement.
Geological Society of America Bulletin. vol. 90, no. 2, pp. 131-133.Dennielou, B. G.A. Auffret, A. Boelaert, T. Richter, T. Garlan, and R. Kerbrat, 1999, Control of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the Gulf Stream over Quaternary sedimentation on the Azores Plateau.
The surface rocks consist mainly of Cretaceous sedimentary limestones, conglomerates, and sandy- limey- shales. There is some interbedded gypsum. These Cretaceous rocks are overlain in places by Neogene and Quaternary alluvial sediments with some volcanics. There is a mercury mine in the municipality.
Some quaternary ammonium salts of naked fluoride include tetramethylammonium fluoride and tetrabutylammonium fluoride. Cobaltocenium fluoride is another example. However, they all lack structural characterization in aprotic solvents. Because of their high basicity, many so- called naked fluoride sources are in fact bifluoride salts.
Due to the continued activity of the fault as well as its extension, the Kern Canyon Fault is sub-divided into three different zones; The proto-Kern Canyon Fault Zone, the Kern Canyon Fault Zone, and the late Quaternary active Kern Canyon Fault.
Taly A., Delarue M., Grutter T., Nilges M., Le Novère N., Corringer P.-J., Changeux J.-P. (2005) Normal mode analysis suggests a quaternary twist model for the nicotinic receptor gating mechanism. Biophys. J. 88:3954-3965Calimet N., Simoes M., Changeux J.-P.
At the west end of the Betics lies the Guadalquivir Basin. It unconformably overlies the South Portugal Zone, Ossa Morena Zone and Central Iberian Zone. It contains Neogene to Quaternary aged material. The Betics were compressed about 300 km in the Cenozoic.
The internal shells of the different species of Limacidae are not recognizable to the species level. Therefore, the fossil distribution of Limax maximus (and other Limacidae species) is unknown. Unidentified calcitic shells of Limacidae are known from European Tertiary and Quaternary deposits.
In the early Quaternary, the Ulungur (as well as the upper Irtysh) flowed into the Dzungarian Basin, terminating in a large lake (the "Old Manas Lake") in the region of today's Lake Manas. Later tectonic movements redirected the Ulungur onto its current course.
Industrially important zeolites are produced synthetically. Typical procedures entail heating aqueous solutions of alumina and silica with sodium hydroxide. Equivalent reagents include sodium aluminate and sodium silicate. Further variations include the use of structure directing agents (SDA) such as quaternary ammonium cations.
The Arid Diagonal acts to isolate the temperate and subtropical forests of Chile and southern Argentina from other forests of South America. Together with the Quaternary glaciations in the Southern Andes, the diagonal has controlled the distribution of vegetation throughout Chile and Argentina.
There are Quaternary volcanoes on the north of the Aleutian Islands structural axis, which is composed of andesite mostly, mixed with olivine basalt to rhyolite. The eastern Aleutian volcanoes have more silicic magma while the western Aleutian arcs lack the sial magma.
He was also interested in quaternary geomorphology. Whitehouse was Associate Professor of Geology, University of Queensland (1949-1955). He gave a long (1934-1953) series of nationally broadcast lectures and news reviews over the ABC on a wide range of geological topics.
7, Quaternary International, Vol.406 (June 25, 2016), Part B, pp.94-110 "American Bison", The National Wildlife Federation. and up to in heightSemenov U.A. of WWF-Russia, 2014, "The Wisents of Karachay-Cherkessia", Proceedings of the Sochi National Park (8), pp.
The end products of the remediation for hydrocarbons are Carbon Dioxide and water. Hydrocarbons vary in ease of degradation based on their structure. Long chain aliphatic carbons are the most effectively degraded. Short chained, branched, and quaternary aliphatic hydrocarbons are less effectively degraded.
Svoboda, J., Péan, S., and Wojtal, P. (2005). "Mammoth Bone Deposits and Subsistence Practices during Mid-Upper Palaeolithic in Central Europe: Three cases from Moravia and Poland." In Quaternary International 126–128. 209-221. Gladkikh, M.I., Kornietz, N.L., and Soffer, O. (1984).
Quaternary alluvium is found in south and center of Gordon. Deakin Volcanics rhyodacitic crystal tuff from the Silurian age is on the surface in the north of the suburb.Henderson G A M and Matveev G, Geology of Canberra, Queanbeyan and Environs 1:50000 1980.
Quaternary Research (special issue) Volume 66, Issue 3 (November), pp. 372-387. Ristvet, L. and H. Weiss 2005 "The Hābūr Region in the Late Third and Early Second Millennium B.C.," in Winfried Orthmann, ed., The History and Archaeology of Syria. Vol. 1. Saabrucken: Saarbrucken Verlag.
Because of the proximity of three seas, the Black Sea, the Marmara Sea and the Aegean Sea, Strandzha remained unaffected by the Quaternary glaciation and retained its mild and relatively humid climate. Under those conditions the region has preserved relict species from the Neogene.
Sanderson, D.C.W.; Bishop, P.; Stark, M.T.; Spencer, J.Q. "Luminescence dating of anthropogenically reset canal sediments from Angkor Borei, Mekong Delta, Cambodia". Quaternary Science Reviews. 22 (10-13): 1111–1121. doi:10.1016/s0277-3791(03)00055-6.Professor of Anthropology at the University of Hawaii Manoa.
They lived in Algeria since early Pleistocene during the Quaternary period. They lived in Morocco until their extinction around the year AD 600, as the dry climate of the Sahara made conditions impossible for the giraffes. They are also extinct in Libya and Egypt.
28-32Bouchet & Warren, Revision of the North-East Atlantic bathyal and abyssal Turridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda); The Journal of Molluscan Studies, supplement 8, December 1980 Fossils have been found in Pliocene strata of Panama and Quaternary strata of Costa Rica (age range: 3.6 to 0.781 Ma).
Picea critchfieldii was first described in 1999 by Stephen T. Jackson and Chengyu Weng in a paper titled, "Late Quaternary Extinction of a Tree Species In Eastern North America" published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States.
Calcareous shales from the Canberra Formation is overlain by Quaternary alluvium. This rock is the limestone of the original title of Canberra "Limestone Plains". The higher parts of O'Connor in the west are different. Towards the south near Black Mountain is the Black Mountain Sandstone.
Late Quaternary catastrophic flooding in the Altai Mountains of south-central Siberia: a Synoptic overview and an introduction to the flood deposit sedimentology / Eds. P.I. Martini, V.R. Baker, G. Garson. – In: Flood and megaflood processes and deposits: resend and ancient examples // Int. Ass. of Sedimentologists.
271-286; www.cambridge.org/core/journals/quaternary-research. The rocks in the Coastal Plain region are from the Late Cretaceous to Holocene periods, with some marine and terrestrial fossils and rare fragments of dinosaurs. The main mineral resource of the Coastal Plain in Georgia is kaolin.
Geologically, it is built on the conclusion of Quaternary lava flows to the west, Silurian mudstones to the east, and Holocene sand accumulation to the southeast along Port Phillip. The southeastern suburbs are situated on the Selwyn fault which transects Mount Martha and Cranbourne.
To the south it is bounded by the Odenwald mountains. Towards the north the graben margins converge. The basin sediments rest on top of the Variscan basement and Permian to Triassic rocks. Oligocene to Quaternary basin sediments reach more than 280 m in thickness.
Marine, limnic and finally terrestrial clays, marls, limestones and sands with interbedded basalt layers dominate within the Oligocene and Miocene. The Pliocene and Quaternary river deposits consist of sand, gravel and silt, in Pliocene also lignite. The recent landscape is formed by river terraces.
Nowak, R.M. 1979. North American Quaternary Canis. Monograph of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas 6:1 – 154. The formation of the Isthmus of Panama, about 3 Mya, joined South America to North America, allowing canids to invade South America, where they diversified.
Florida coast about 10,000 years ago, during the early Holocene, just after Pleistocene. The pristine mustached bat (Pteronotus (Phyllodia) pristinus) is an extinct Late Quaternary species of bat in the endemic Neotropical family Mormoopidae. It was distributed in Cuba and possibly Florida (United States).
Francavilla C, Low E, Nair S, Kim B, Shiau TP, Debabov D, Celeri C, Alvarez N, Houchin A, Xu P, Najafi R, Jain R. "Quaternary ammonium N,N-dichloroamines as topical, antimicrobial agents." Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2009; 19, 2731–2734. doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.03.120.
More typically binary phase refers to extended solids. Famous examples zinc sulfide, which contains zinc and sulfur, and tungsten carbide, which contains tungsten and carbon. Phases with higher degrees of complexity feature more elements, e.g. three elements in ternary phases, four elements in quaternary phases.
The hydride ion H− is stabilised by being surrounded by electropositive elements such as alkalis or alkaline earths. Quaternary compounds exist where nitrogen forms a complex with bonds to a transition or main group element. The hydride requires the presence of another alkaline earth element.
FAM76A contains a coiled-coil domain, which is located within the Band7/PHB/SPFH domain. No significant ligand- binding sites or active sites were predicted from I-TASSER. There is no evidence to suggest that FAM76A interacts with other proteins to form a quaternary structure.
Dequalinium is a quaternary ammonium cation and bolaamphiphile commonly available as the dichloride salt. The bromide, iodide, acetate, and undecenoate salts are known as well. Dequalinium chloride is the active ingredient of several medications: Dequadin an antiseptic and disinfectant. It is a topical bacteriostat.
Marra, Maureen J., et al. “Glacial forest refugium in Howard Valley, South Island, New Zealand.” Journal of Quaternary Science (2010) 25(3). (309-319) The deep valleys found in this location may have acted as microclimates that sheltered the trees from glacial conditions and climate.
Tertiary drainage regions G10, G21, and G22 and quaternary catchment G40A with the northern boundary following the watershed between tertiary drainage regions G10 and G30 up to the town of Aurora. From Aurora the boundary runs directly to the coast in a westerly direction.
This genus is known in the fossil records from the Paleocene to the Quaternary (age range: from 61.7 to 0.0 million years ago). Fossils of species within this genus have been found in the sediments of Europe, Australia, United States, Japan, Venezuela, Colombia and Brazil.
The Tehran Plain is a landscape formation in Iran delimited by the adjacent Alborz Mountain range. It is a site of prehistoric archaeological and geoscientific interest. Numerous faults and deformed quaternary units in the Tehran plain prove it is a region of ancient tectonic activity.
The purple circle is the incoming ion. Red, blue, green and yellow circles illustrate primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary recoils, respectively. In between the ballistic collisions the ions move in a straight path. BCA can in "full cascade mode" describe well linear collision cascades.
Late Quaternary vegetation of the Near East. Weisbaden: Reichert, . The area has multiple representatives of disjunct relict groups of plants with the closest relatives in Eastern Asia, southern Europe, and even North America.Kikvidze Z, Ohsawa M. (1999) "Adjara, East Mediterranean refuge of Tertiary vegetation", pp.
NLBIF, n.d. Web, 31 March 2011. Ernst (1983) surveyed the extensive geographical range of the twist- necked turtle and determined the presence of a dark subspecies in its western range. The author uses the "Quaternary forest refuge theory" to explain the existence of this subspecies.
Bataille 2008, p. 84 The direct ancestor of the Mérens was probably in this valley during the Quaternary Period, approximately 15,000 years ago. These wild horses probably moved to the mountains to escape global warming that accompanied the end of the last glacial period.Collective, p.
A small number of damaging events have occurred, with three in Santa Barbara (1812, 1925, and 1978) and two in the San Fernando Valley (1971 and 1994), though other faults in the basin that have high Quaternary slip rates have not produced any large earthquakes.
12 Nov. 2012. which made him a Fellow that same year. In 2003 the Geological Society of America also presented him a Kirk Bryan Award, which celebrates a published paper that advances the field of geomorphology or a related field such as Quaternary geology.
Manila Bay was connected to Laguna de Bay (pronounced "bai") approximately 3,000 years ago. Recurring episodic uplifts along the West Marikina Valley FaultJaraula, C.B., Siringan, F.P. (2004). Multi-proxy reconstruction of Late Quaternary evolution of Laguna de Bai, Philippines. (Submitted to Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology).
The late-Quaternary active Kern Canyon Fault extends the ~150 km (99) miles from Walker Basin past Harrison Pass. Its existence exploits both the Proto-Kern and Kern Canyon Fault Zones' weaknesses, resulting in ruptures along the zones over the past 15 thousand years.
Due to World War I and II, there was a shortage of silver. As a result of the shortage, 0.917 silver one rupee coins were replaced by Quaternary silver alloy (0.500) in 1940. In 1947, the silver one rupee coin was replaced by nickel coins.
Crystal structures of two bacterial phosphoglucosamine mutases are known (PDB entries 3I3W and 3PDK), from Francisella tularensis and Bacillus anthracis. Both share a similar dimeric quaternary structure, as well as conserved features of the active site, as found their enzyme superfamily, the a-D-phosphohexomutases.
Young lava flows from this field look much younger than these of Quaternary volcanoes in the neighbourhood. The volcanism may originate in the tectonic effects of the movement of the Ordos Block. Seismic tomography indicates the presence of a low velocity region at the volcano.
Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology Vol.17 No.3 Sept. 1995, 17 p (in Chinese, Abstract in English). Zheng, B.X., Rutter, N. (1998): On the problem of Quaternary glaciations, and the extent and patterns of Pleistocene ice cover in the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) plateau.
Annonamine is a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid isolated from Annona muricata (commonly known as soursop, graviola, guanabana, paw-paw and sirsak), a plant commonly used in folk medicine by indigenous communities in Africa and South America. Structurally, it contains an aporphine core featuring a quaternary ammonium group.
Colman, SM, and KL Pierce (2001) Weathering rinds on andesitic and basaltic stones as a Quaternary age indicator, Western United States. Professional Paper no. 1210. United States Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.Neuendorf, KKE, JP Mehl, Jr., and JA Jackson, eds. (2005) Glossary of Geology (5th ed.).
Important to the understanding of the Baltic basin during the Quaternary was its connection to the open ocean in the west through the area of Denmark and Scania. The depth of the connection in particular has been critical to shape oceanographic conditions such as salinity.
Elevation map of south CaloocanElevation map of north Caloocan The geologic formation of the two portions of Caloocan City varies in type and characteristics. and are specifically classified as quaternary alluvium, tuff and tuffaceous sediment, pyroclastic flow deposit, and conglomerates. The formation on the eastern half of Metropolitan Manila extending to the coastline of Manila Bay and including a greater part of South Caloocan, is the quaternary alluvium - consisting of unconsolidated stream‐deposited sediments that includes sand, silt, clay or gravel. Eastward of South Caloocan, large areas consisting of tuff and tuffaceous sediment can be traced, spreading towards the whole eastern side of Metropolitan Manila.
The La Plata or Chusma Fault extends across the eastern slope of the Central Ranges of the Colombian Andes, southeast of the city of Neiva in southwestern Colombia. The fault displaces Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous sedimentary rocks, as well as Tertiary volcanic rocks. Coalescent Quaternary alluvial fan deposits are offset by the La Plata Fault. The trace is characterised by old retreated and declined scarps, en-echelon semiparallel associated faults that cut alluvial deposits of the Páez River and local lahar deposits, a well developed topographic fault-line expression, and a probable pull-apart basin filled with Quaternary alluvial fans and alluvium near the town of La Plata.
The village and parish lies on a bedrock of Oxford clay and in regions there are superficial Glaciofluvial and River Terrace deposits of sand and gravel from the Quaternary period, together with alluvium (clay and silt) from the same period. The land in the north of the parish is characterised as Oadby Member Diamicton, again from the Quaternary period, with rocks formed during Ice Age conditions by glaciers scouring the land. The village, which is approximately above sea level, lies on the B660 just to the north of Junction 16 of the A14 road that runs from the Port of Felixstowe to the Catthorpe Interchange, Leicestershire.
Sand forests are thought to be relics of coastal dune forests, which have been separated from the ocean for more than a million years as the shoreline has shifted slowly eastwards over the millennia. Dunes have accreted on the southeast African coastal plain since the Pliocene,Soil chronosequence development in dunes on the southeast African coastal plain, Maputaland, South Africa Quaternary International Volumes 162-163, March 2007, Pages 111-132 The Soil Record of Quaternary Climate Change. Greg Botha and Naomi Porat and frequent sand mobilization events during climatic changes have resulted in some reworking of the dunes.The luminescence chronology of dune development on the Maputaland coastal plain, southeast Africa.
The Atlantic Coastal Plain and Gulf of Mexico Coastal Plain consist of sediments and sedimentary rocks that range in age from Cretaceous to Present. The boundary between the Piedmont Region and the Coastal Plain Region is the Fall Line. The Sandhills or Carolina Sandhills is a 10–35 mi (16–56 km) wide region within the Atlantic Coastal Plain province, along the inland margin of this province.Swezey, C.S., Fitzwater, B.A., Whittecar, G.R., Mahan, S.A., Garrity, C.P., Aleman Gonzalez, W.B., and Dobbs, K.M., 2016, "The Carolina Sandhills: Quaternary eolian sand sheets and dunes along the updip margin of the Atlantic Coastal Plain province, southeastern United States": Quaternary Research, v.
Thingwall lies on the western side of the northern part of the Wirral Peninsula, from the Irish Sea at Hoylake, from the Dee Estuary and about from the River Mersey at Rock Ferry. Thingwall sits at the western side of the wide and shallow glacial U-shaped valley, formed during the Quaternary Ice Age, between Thurstaston Hill and Storeton Ridge. The underlying bedrock is Triassic sandstone of the Helsby Sandstone Formation and the Wilmslow Sandstone Formation, and Triassic siltstone of the Tarporley Siltstone Formation. This is overlain with boulder clay from the Quaternary Ice Age, similar to the nearby Dee Cliffs, and clay soil.
Chronology of climatic events of importance for the last glacial period (about the last 120,000 years) The Last Glacial Period (LGP) occurred from the end of the Eemian to the end of the Younger Dryas, encompassing the period years ago. This most recent glacial period is part of a larger pattern of glacial and interglacial periods known as the Quaternary glaciation extending from years ago to present. The definition of the Quaternary as beginning 2.58 Ma is based on the formation of the Arctic ice cap. The Antarctic ice sheet began to form earlier, at about 34 Ma, in the mid-Cenozoic (Eocene–Oligocene extinction event).
Whereas the first 30 million years of the Late Cenozoic Ice Age mostly involved Antarctica, the Quaternary has seen numerous ice sheets extending over parts of Europe and North America that are currently populated and easily accessible. Early geologists therefore named apparent sequences of glacial and interglacial periods of the Quaternary Ice Age after characteristic geological features, and these names varied from region to region. It is now more common for researchers to refer to the periods by their marine isotopic stage number. The marine record preserves all the past glaciations; the land-based evidence is less complete because successive glaciations may wipe out evidence of their predecessors.
Late Quaternary Climate and Hydrology of Tropical South America Inferred from an Isotopic and Chemical Model of Lake Titicaca, Bolivia and Peru. Quaternary Research 56(1):1–9.Mourguiart, P., T. Corrége, D. Wirrmann, J. Argollo, M. E. Montenegro, M. Pourchet and P. Carbonel (1998). Holocene Palaeohydrology of Lake Titicaca Estimated from an Ostracod-Based Transfer Function. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 143:51–72. and water passes through Lago Huiñaimarca and flows out the single outlet at the Río Desaguadero,Baucom, P. C. and C. A. Rigsby 1999 Climate and Lake Level History of the Northern Altiplano, Bolivia, as Recorded in Holocene Sediments of the Rio Desaguadero.
Protein quaternary structure can be determined using a variety of experimental techniques that require a sample of protein in a variety of experimental conditions. The experiments often provide an estimate of the mass of the native protein and, together with knowledge of the masses and/or stoichiometry of the subunits, allow the quaternary structure to be predicted with a given accuracy. It is not always possible to obtain a precise determination of the subunit composition for a variety of reasons. The number of subunits in a protein complex can often be determined by measuring the hydrodynamic molecular volume or mass of the intact complex, which requires native solution conditions.
Mount Washington is also part of the Sisters Reach subsegment, which extends for and contains at least 466 volcanoes that were active during the Quaternary. Washington represents one of 30 mafic (rich in magnesium and iron) stratovolcanoes and shield volcanoes in the group, which include Pleistocene and Holocene eruptive centers. The volcano and its wilderness area sit on a lava platform with an altitude of , and they are bounded by faults to the east and west. Volcanic rocks contained within the wilderness area are either composed of older basalt or younger basaltic andesite, all of which were produced during the Quaternary, probably during the past 700,000 years.
In 2008, the Quaternary Research Association gave Penkman their Lewis Penny Medal for her contributions to the study of Quaternary strata. In 2012 she was a winner of the Philip Leverhulme Prize in Earth, ocean, and atmospheric sciences. Penkman is the 2016 winner of the Joseph Black Award of the Royal Society of Chemistry "for rigorous and ground-breaking work in the field of amino acid racemisation dating and its application to earth and archaeological sciences". She is also the winner of the 2017 Pittcon Royal Society of Chemistry Award, and the winner in the Chemistry category of the 2020 UK Blavatnik Awards for Young Scientists.
Whitehouse has a bachelor's degree in archaeology from Newcastle University, awarded 1988; a master's degree in environmental archaeology and palaeoecology from the University of Sheffield, awarded 1993; and a doctorate from Sheffield, awarded 2000. Her research is focused on human-environment relationships and the interface between the physical sciences and humanities. Whitehouse is a fellow of the Royal Entomological Society and has been the president of the INQUA Humans and Biosphere Commission (HABCOMM) since 2011. She is on the editorial board of several major journals, including Quaternary International (since 2011), Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports (since 2015), and Alpine and Mediterranean Quaternary (since 2017).
OSL finds application in all low-temperature (<50 °C) tectonic and sedimentary processes. These studies are mainly captured within the sub-Quaternary period including, but not limited to focused fluvial and/or glacial erosion, rock exhumation and evolution of topography in active tectonic regions. Other applications include glaciation deposits, lagoon deposits, storm surge and tsunami deposits, lake deposits including shoreline migration history, fluvial erosion deposits, loess deposit records. For example, the rate of slip on a normal faults plane can also be modelled, the rate of glacial or fluvial erosion of the earth surface can also be modelled as well as when sedimentary deposits are found within the sub-Quaternary period.
According to the research by Chinese geologists, area occupied by today's Manas Lake was in the past part of a much large lake, the Old Manas Lake, which exited in the northwestern part of the Dzungarian Basin. It is believed that the Old Manas Lake was formed in the Early Pleistocene and existed throughout the Early Quaternary. Due to tectonic movements in the Middle Quaternary, many important rivers that used to flow to the Old Manas Lake started flowing elsewhere. The Irtysh now flows toward the Arctic Ocean, and the Ulungur River ends in the Ulungur Lake; the Maqiao River, south of Lake Manas, does not reach it either.
Ordovician limestone from the floor of the Baltic Sea, just south of the Åland Islands, that was transported by an ice sheet during the last ice age and deposited in north-east Germany as a glacial erratic Scientists do not agree on how the present depression the Baltic Sea occupies formed. Scholars like Voipio (1981) and Šlaiupa (1995) consider the depression to have been formed in the Cenozoic, before the Quaternary, by tectonic processes. Some others like Marks (2004) stress erosion was key to the formation of the depression. In the Cenozoic, long before the Quaternary glaciations the Baltic was the site of a large river called Eridanos.
The soils of Château Prieuré- Lichine are essentially made up of gravel deposited by the river during successive glacial floods in the Quaternary era. Streams resulting from the floods then cut up these sedimentary soils into well drained mounds, which today look out over the Gironde estuary.
The coast, constituted by a sub-zone of more recent materials, Quaternary or Neogenic in age. These deposits came to rest over sand-stones and marls that comprise the coastal Mesocenozoic, a young relief, that is little accented, aided by a platform that includes superficial lavas.
This species occurs in the Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico and off the Lesser Antilles; in the Atlantic Ocean from North Carolina, USA, to Eastern Brasil; fossils have been found in Quaternary strata in Florida, USA, and in Panama; age range: 1.806 to 0.781 MaMa.
In general, the subsoils vary from fluvial type at low altitudes, to lime bearing at the higher altitudes, and sandy type at the intermediate altitudes. They are generally soils from the Miocene and the Quaternary period, very permeable and therefore do not give rise to drainage problems.
Furthermore, at the time of the artifact's reported discovery there was no method for dating the concretion.Walker, M. (2005) Quaternary Dating methods Wiley, New York, New York. 304 pp. . There are examples of accretions surrounding iron or steel artifacts, some of them discussed by J. M. Cronyn.
A molecular formula provides more information about a molecule than its empirical formula, but is more difficult to establish. A molecular formula shows the number of elements in a molecule, and determines whether it is a binary compound, ternary compound, quaternary compound, or has even more elements.
Supersonic and Demonic Relics is a compilation album by Mötley Crüe. It was released in 1999 on Mötley Records. The album is a collection of unreleased tracks as well as rare material, including songs from the limited edition Quaternary EP, Decade of Decadence, demos, and live tunes.
The Waianae coast of Oahu preserves Pleistocene reef communities including organisms like algae, coral, foraminiferans, and molluscs. Hawaii's terrestrial fossil record includes Quaternary bird remains preserved in sand dunes and sinkholes. Additionally, fragmentary plant remains have been preserved in some of the volcanic deposits of Oahu.
The Northern Lowlands are and have long been a depositional milleau are mostly covered by Tertiary and Quaternary deposits. The bulk of these deposits are now laterites. River erosion and sediment transport have created a large number of oxbow lakes and added copious meanders to the rivers.
Aleksis Dreimanis (August 13, 1914 – July 8, 2011) was a Latvian Canadian Quaternary geologist. He was born in Valmiera, Latvia. He first studied geology at the Institute of Palaeontology at the University of Latvia in Riga. In 1939, he worked as a lecturer at the University.
The identity of the fossil raptor of the genus Amplibuteo (Aves: Accipitridae) from the Quaternary of Cuba. Caribbean Journal of Science, 40(1), 120-125. Female eagles were significantly larger than males. Most estimates place the female Haast eagles in the range of and males around .
The plateau-like formations at the feet of the chain have a double origin: on the western side are the most ancient ones (Cenozoic), formed by flood depots and, partly, by lava; on the eastern and south-easters sides are instead small flood depots from the Quaternary.
Some accepted chronozones contain others, and certain larger chronozones have been designated which span whole defined geological time units, both large and small. For example, the chronozone Pliocene is a subset of the chronozone Neogene, and the chronozone Pleistocene is a subset of the chronozone Quaternary.
The shallow reservoir covers and is mostly hosted in porous Quaternary alluvium. Its basement is Himalayan granite and tuff. The water is a mixture of cold groundwater and deep thermal water. The deep reservoir was thought to have an area of below , contained in fractured bedrock.
Equus scotti (translated from Latin as Scott's horse, (2003) Annotated Bibliography of Quaternary Vertebrates of Northern North America: With Radiocarbon Dates, University of Toronto Press, 539 pages named after vertebrate paleontologist William Berryman Scott) is an extinct species of Equus, the genus that includes the horse.
This genus is known in the fossil records from the Neogene to the Quaternary (age range: from 11.608 to 1.806 million years ago). Fossils are found in the marine strata of Italy, United Kingdom, United States, the Netherlands, France and Japan.M. Bisconti. 2003. Evolutionary history of Balaenidae.
Recreation of a scene in late Pleistocene northern Spain, by Mauricio Antón Pleistocene megafauna is the set of large animals that lived on Earth during the Pleistocene epoch and became extinct during the Quaternary extinction event. Megafauna are any animals with an adult body weight of over .
The woolly mammoth was extinct before the end of the Neolithic period. Tree species spread outward from refugia during interglacial periods, but in varied patterns, with different trees dominating in different periods.Taberlet, P.; R. Cheddadi 2002. "Quaternary Refugia and Persistence of Biodiversity" (In Science's Compass; Perspectives).
Coal deposits rich in organic remains occur in the south, especially in Serpukhovsky District, and in the western regions. Devonian deposits were also found within the region.Wagner Quaternary deposits are widely distributed in Moscow Oblast; their thickness decreases from the northwest to southeast. It is believedWagner, p.
Cladogenesis in a Lineage of Leptomeryx (Artiodactyla, Mammalia) from the Chadronian of Flagstaff Rim, Natrona County, Wyoming. Journal of Vertebrae Paleontology 19 (3): 24A-25A. • Mead, Jim I., Heaton, Timothy H., Mead, Emilee M. 1989. Late Quaternary Reptiles from Two Caves in the East-Central Great Basin.
The northern area characterized by its wavy plains similar to a savanna and located between the Andes mountain range and the Guiana Shield formed during the Tertiary mostly covered with sand and clay, while the rivers contributed with sedimentary elements from the Andes during the Quaternary.
This higher northwestern coast is in part result of the southeast tilt of the sedimentary strata. The northwest coast is straight and contain active cliffs. On the other side the eastern coastline is irregular and sinuous. During large Quaternary glaciations Gotland was covered by an ice sheet.
As a countermeasure, PDMS elastomers often are reinforced by carbon nanotubes and sepiolite mineral. Fouling-release properties have also been reportedly improved via attachment of quaternary ammonium salts to the polymer backbone. Further research is currently underway to improve the effects of PDMS and its derivatives.
Tetraethylammonium bromide (TEAB) is a quaternary ammonium compound with the chemical formula C8H20N+Br−, often written as "Et4N+Br−" in the chemical literature. It has been used as the source of tetraethylammonium ions in pharmacological and physiological studies, but is also used in organic chemical synthesis.
It has materials of volcanic origin of the Quaternary period. Also predominant are Pleistocene rocks, as well as lahar is, recent and present volcanic buildings, and Holocene pyroclastics. The presence of this large amount of volcanic material explains the fertility of the soils of the canton.
It was formerly extracted from Lake Mývatn in Iceland. The commercial deposits of diatomite are restricted to Tertiary or Quaternary periods. Older deposits from as early as the Cretaceous Period are known, but are of low quality.Cummins, Arthur B., Diatomite, in Industrial Minerals and Rocks, 3rd ed.
This abyssal plain occupies an area of about . Across this basin, slope angles are generally less than 0.01°.Alibés, B., Canals, M., Alonso, B., Lebreiro, S.M. and Weaver, P.P.E., 1996. Quantification of Neogene and Quaternary sediment input to the Madeira Abyssal Plain. Geogaceta, 20(2), pp.
When multiple copies of a polypeptide encoded by a gene form a quaternary complex, this protein structure is referred to as a multimer.Crick FH, Orgel LE. The theory of inter-allelic complementation. J Mol Biol. 1964 Jan;8:161-5. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(64)80156-x.
Gunnell, Y., Jarman, D. and 8 others, 2013. "The granite tors of Dartmoor, Southwest England: rapid and recent emergence revealed by Late Pleistocene cosmogenic apparent exposure ages." Quaternary Science Reviews 612, 62-76 They probably emerged at the start of the last major ice age (Devensian).
Superficial deposits of various kinds have accumulated during the Quaternary period. Narrow strips of alluvium i.e. accumulations of clay, silt, sand and gravel, occur along the valley floors Fragmentary rock material, the product of weathering, known as head is recorded. Peat of variable depth is extensive.
CAPB is a fatty acid amide containing a long hydrocarbon chain at one end and a polar group at the other. This allows CAPB to act as a surfactant and as a detergent. It is a zwitterion, consisting of both a quaternary ammonium cation and a carboxylate.
The Parazinho Biological Reserve is in the municipality of Macapá, Amapá. It has an area of . It covers an island on the north shore of the mouth of the Amazon River. The island formed in the Quaternary period, and is an example of an alluvial island.
This book chapter provides several photographic examples. The 'cirque infills' described by Hätterstrand et al. (2008) Hättestrand, C., Kolka, V. and Johansen, N., Cirque infills in the Khibiny Mountains, Kola Peninsula, Russia- palaeoglaciological interpretations and modern analogues in East Antarctica. Journal of Quaternary Science, 23(2): 165.
She developed spatial and temporal reconstructions of the Asian palaeomonsoon. She was the Royal Institution Scientists for the new century lecturer in 1999. She edited the book Quaternary Climates, Environments and Magnetism in 1999. Maher studies magnetic nanoparticles to track climate change and changes in human health.
This genus is very ancient. It is known in the fossil records from the Permian to the Quaternary (age range: from 259 to 0.0 million years ago). Fossil shells of these molluscs can be found all over the world. Genus Ostrea includes about 150 extinct species. FossilworksJ.
Indian Society for Prehistoric and Quaternary Studies. Volume 27, Issue 2. pp. 27 These structures built over burials demonstrate the integration of Buddhism with Megalithism, a hallmark of Tamil Buddhism. Outside Andhra Pradesh in India, Kanterodai is perhaps the only site where such burials are seen.
There are very few Cenozoic rocks in Cambodia. However, there is quite a bit of evidence from the Quaternary, the last 2.5 million years, particularly in floodplains and valleys where terraces in the sediment are common. However, sometimes these deposits are very thin over underlying bedrock.
In 1888 he received an honorary degree of the University of Basel. He also dealt with hydrogeology and the geology of the Quaternary (ice ages), and was a defender of nature conservation. His son was the geologist Max Mühlberg, his daughter Lily Mühlberg was a physician.
The municipality of Quinto is located in the Ebro Basin at 175 metres (574 feet) above sea level, on Quaternary deposits near the river Ebro. It is at a distance of 42 km from Zaragoza, capital city of the province and the autonomous community of Aragon.
Atracurium was licensed by Strathclyde University to the Wellcome Foundation UK, which developed the drug (then known as BW 33A) and its introduction to first human trials in 1979, and then eventually to its first introduction (as a mixture of all ten stereoisomers) into clinical anesthetic practice in the UK, in 1983, under the tradename of Tracrium. The premise to the design of atracurium and several of its congeners stemmed from the knowledge that a bis-quaternary structure is essential for neuromuscular-blocking activity: ideally, therefore, a chemical entity devoid of this bis-quaternary structure via susceptibility to inactive breakdown products by enzymic-independent processes would prove to be invaluable in the clinical use of a drug with a predictable onset and duration of action. Hofmann elimination provided precisely this basis: It is a chemical process in which a suitably activated quaternary ammonium compound can be degraded by the mildly alkaline conditions present at physiological pH and temperature. In effect, Hofmann elimination is a retro-Michael addition chemical process.
It is important to note here that the physiological process of Hofmann elimination differs from the non-physiological Hofmann degradation process: the latter is a chemical reaction in which a quaternary ammonium hydroxide solid salt is heated to 100 °C, or an aqueous solution of the salt is boiled. Regardless of which Hofmann process is referenced, the end-products in both situations will be the same: an alkene and a tertiary amine. The approach to utilizing Hofmann elimination as a means to promoting biodegradation had its roots in much earlier observations that the quaternary alkaloid petaline (obtained from the Lebanese plant Leontice leontopetalum) readily underwent facile Hofmann elimination to a tertiary amine called leonticine upon passage through a basic (as opposed to an acidic) ion-exchange resin. Stenlake's research group advanced this concept by systematically synthesizing numerous quaternary ammonium β-aminoesters and β-aminoketones and evaluated them for skeletal muscle relaxant activity: one of these compounds, initially labelled as 33A74, eventually led to further clinical development, and came to be known as atracurium.
Isaacs and environs, taken from Isaacs Ridge Isaacs is built on Silurian age Deakin Volcanics. These are green-grey and purple coloured rhyodacite. The lower lying parts of the suburb are covered with Quaternary alluvium on top. Isaacs ridge has the same outcrops as the rest of the suburb.
The Early Volcanic, also known as the Intermediate Series continued from 3.5 to 1.7 million years ago, into the Quaternary. The youngest olivine flood basalts emplaced between 700,000 and 20,000 years ago. Rodrigues Island is slightly younger than Mauritius. Radiometric dating gives an age of 1.54 million years ago.
136(1): 15–23., Prokopenko, A., Khursevich, G., Bezrukova, E.V., Kuzmin, M., Boes, X., Williams, D., Kulagina, N., Letunova, P., Abzaeva, A. 2007. Paleoenvironmental Proxy Records from Lake Hovsgol, Mongolia, and a Synthesis of Holocene Climate Change in the Lake Baikal Watershed. Quaternary Research, vol. 68(1): 2–17.
Deakin Volcanics green grey and purple rhyodacite are in the west. Deakin Volcanics cream rhyolite is in high south east parts. Quaternary alluvium is in the north lower parts, washed off the surrounding slopes.Henderson G A M and Matveev G, Geology of Canberra, Queanbeyan and Environs 1:50000 1980.
Jagernauts ranks from highest to lowest # Primary (equivalent to Admiral) # Secondary (equivalent to Colonel) # Tertiary (equivalent to Major) # Quaternary (equivalent to Second Lieutenant) The main training academy for Jagernauts is the Dieshan Military Academy (DMA). The cadet ranks from lowest to highest are: Apprentice, Journeyman, Junior, and Senior.
Chironomid overview. pp.360–366 in S.A. EIias (ed.) Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science, Vo1. 1, Elsevier, Amsterdam Deevey and Lindemann's ideas were widely, if uncritically, accepted. Although these ideas are still widely held by some limnologists, they were effectively refuted in 1957 by Deevey's student Daniel A. Livingstone.
During the Quaternary, small marine transgression episodes flooded flat coastal areas. Freshwater lakes formed in depressions. When they dried out, lake bed sediments were shifted around by wind. Biodetrital sand, leftover from shell debris, is found along the coast of Madeira, in places where the sea level subsequently retreated.
McAllister, D.E., C.R. Harrington, S.L. Cumbaa, and C.B. Renaud. 1988. Paleoenvironmental and biogeographic analyses of fossil fishes in peri- Champlain Sea deposits in Eastern Canada. Pp 241-258 in Gadd, N.R. (ed.) The Late Quaternary Development of the Champlain Sea Basin. Geological Association of Canada, Special Paper 36.
The Ōu Mountains began to form in the Pliocene. They sit over the middle of the inner arc of the Northeastern Japan Arc. This is the result of the Pacific Plate subducting under the Okhotsk Plate. A chain of Quaternary volcanoes along the range forms the volcanic front.
It is generally a low- resolution chromatography technique and thus it is often reserved for the final, "polishing" step of a purification. It is also useful for determining the tertiary structure and quaternary structure of purified proteins, especially since it can be carried out under native solution conditions.
Over the years, with rapid economic growth and large trade surplus with the rest of the world, Asia has accumulated over US$8.5 trillion of foreign exchange reserves – more than half of the world's total, and adding tertiary and quaternary sectors to expand in the share of Asia's economy.
A rate of per year is estimated and per year published,Diederix et al., 2006, p.502 based on deformed and offset Quaternary features and dated deposits. A calculated moment magnitude of 7.0-7.2 is based on most probable fault rupture length of about , from Ibagué to Piedras.
Sandstone layers of Triassic age in Thuringia The geology of Germany is heavily influenced by several phases of orogeny in the Paleozoic and the Cenozoic, by sedimentation in shelf seas and epicontinental seas and on plains in the Permian and Mesozoic as well as by the Quaternary glaciations.
Cation–π interactions can catalyze chemical reactions by stabilizing buildup of positive charge in transition states. This kind of effect is observed in enzymatic systems. For example, acetylcholine esterase contains important aromatic groups that bind quaternary ammonium in its active site. Polycyclization enzymes also rely on cation–π interactions.
Ring sizes produced by the intramolecular Heck reaction range from four to twenty-seven atoms. Additionally, in the presence of a chiral palladium catalyst, the intramolecular Heck reaction may be used to establish tertiary or quaternary stereocenters with high enantioselectivity.Overman, L. E. Pure Appl. Chem. 1994, 66, 1423.
The maximum pH is 8. The optimum temperature is 30 degrees Celsius and the maximum temperature is 40 degrees Celsius. The molecular weight of o-succinylbenzoate CoA ligase is 185000 Da or 185 kDa. This enzyme is a tetramer, meaning it has four subunits in its quaternary structure.
Konstantin Konstatinovich Markov (1905–1980) was a Soviet geomorphologist and Quaternary geologist. As a geomorphologist Markov theorized on planation surfaces. His geographical research of arid areas outside the Soviet Union led to publications on Morocco, Lake Chad and the Dead Sea. Markov was professor at the Moscow State University.
The quaternary geology has left the area as a moraine plain consisting of glacial deposits. The bedrock geology is the pembina member of Vermillion River Formation and Riding Mountain Formation. Yorkton is located in the physiographic region of the Quill Lake-Yorkton Plain region of the Saskatchewan Plains Region.
Czech Geological Survey, Prague. ISSN 1214-1119.Diedrich, C. 2010. “Specialized horse killers in Europe – foetal horse remains in the Late Pleistocene Srbsko Chlum-Komín Cave hyena den in the Bohemian Karst (Czech Republic) and actualistic comparisons to modern African spotted hyenas as zebra hunters.” Quaternary International, vol.
In Zurvanism (Zurvanite Zoroastrianism, a now-extinct form of Zoroastrianism), Vata-Vayu represented two facets of the quaternary Zurvan. In this arrangement, Vata-Vayu represented "space" while the other two facets represent "time." Vayu-Vata has Indo-Iranian roots, and has the same name in historical Vedic religion.
Taxonomy and systematics of large-sized deer of the genus Praemegaceros Portis, 1920 (Cervidae, Mammalia). In: R. D. Kahlke, L. C. Maul, P. P. A. Mazza (Eds.): Late Neogene and Quaternary biodiversity and evolution: Regional developments and interregional correlations. Volume I. Courrier Forsch.-Institut Senckenberg, 256, 91-116.
The Quaternary Period began about and continues today. This is the period of advancing and retreating glaciers. The Rove region has multiple tilted layers of volcanic rocks and easily eroded shale. The more resistant diabase dikes and sills remained, while the softer shales were bulldozed away by the glaciers.
During the Late Pliocene pelecypods and gastropods are known. At the same time, ark shells were preserved in a wide variety of places in California. Smilodon By the Quaternary, California's wildlife had taken on a relatively modern aspect. The landscape included lakes and rivers, as well as glaciers.
Miocene gastropods were preserved in York and James City Counties. Miocene pelecypods were preserved in York and James City Counties. Miocene vertebrates of Virginia included sharks and whales, which left teeth and bones respectively in York County. During the Quaternary, local mastodons were preserved associated with bodied of water.
The Pleistocene mammals of Idaho's American Falls Lake area included short-faced bears, bison, camels, mammoths, saber-toothed cats, and giant sloths. Columbian mammoths were also present. Mastodons were trapped in quicksand near Twin Falls. Other Quaternary life included birds, fishes, lizards, rabbits, rodents, mountain sheep, and snakes.
Soils developed over the lava deposits are mainly lithosols, while regosols are predominant on the Quaternary and pre-Cretaceous basinal deposits. There are very few permanent watercourses. The most notable is the Awash River of Ethiopia that terminates in a series of lakes near the border with Djibouti.
In Jansonius, J. & McGregor, D.C. (eds.): Palynology: Principles and Applications, volume 3, 1249-1275, AASP Foundation, Dallas. Some species can be clearly related to cold waters.Head, M.J., Harland, R., and Matthiessen, J. 2001. Cold marine indicators of the late Quaternary: the new dinoflagellate cyst genus Islandinium and related morphotypes.
Many species of Pleistocene megafauna, like the woolly rhinoceros, became extinct around the same time period. Human hunting is often cited as one cause. Other theories for the cause of the extinctions are climate change associated with the receding Ice age and the hyperdisease hypothesis (q.v. Quaternary extinction event).
The cliffs overlooking Steamer Lane are composed of Quaternary period marine deposits, part of the Purisima formation. pg. 2 & 7, accessed 2007-08-31. The rock underneath the lane is Santa Cruz mudstone from the Miocene era. Steamer Lane is part of the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary.
McAllister, D.E., C.R. Harrington, S.L. Cumbaa, and C.B. Renaud. 1988. "Paleoenvironmental and biogeographic analyses of fossil fishes in peri- Champlain Sea deposits in Eastern Canada". Pp 241–258 in Gadd, N.R. (ed.) The Late Quaternary Development of the Champlain Sea Basin. Geological Association of Canada, Special Paper 36.
The Khopyor River and tributary streams meander through the floodplains to leave 400 lakes and oxbows. The floodplains also create grassy bogs and black alder forests. The area in on an post-glacial plain of Quaternary sediments. The width of the reserve ranges from 1.5 km to 9 km.
The diverse invertebrate fauna includes two nationally rare flies, Norellia spinipes and Microdon devius. A cutting in Mountain Wood exposes a unique gravel Pleistocene deposit which throws light on the Quaternary history of the Weald and the evolution of the London Basin. The site is open to the public.
The rich placer deposits of the Columbia Basin-Jamestown-Sonora district were found in 1853. Almost all the gold was found at the base of Quaternary gravels, but some drift mines were worked in Tertiary gravels. Total production was about 5.9 million troy ounces (183 tonnes) of gold.
She became "the first female chair" of the Quaternary Geology and Geomorphology Division of the Geological Society of America and helped found "the annual Binghamton Geomorphology Symposia." To recognize her research and educational achievements she received the Outstanding Educator Award from the Association of Women Geoscientists in 1992.
Originally employed for work with regard to surveying and building the Bodie Railway connecting the Lake with Bodie, he stayed for four years and wrote the seminal work Quaternary History of Mono Valley, California (1884).John Hart: Storm over Mono: The Mono Lake Battle and the California Water Future.
Quaternary Research. v. 45, no. 2, pp. 109–118. Also, the largest acidity spikes found in Antarctica ice cores have been dated to 17,300 to 17,500 BP, which is significantly older than hypothetical Holocene impacts.Hammer, C.U., H.B. Clausen and C. Langway, Jr., 1997, 50,000 years of recorded global volcanism.
Upon treatment with an alkali metal base, chloroauric acid converts to an alkali metal salt of tetrachloridoaurate. The related thallium salt is poorly soluble in all nonreacting solvents. Salts of quaternary ammonium cations are known. Other complex salts include [Au(bipy)Cl2][AuCl4] and [Co(NH3)6][AuCl4]Cl2.
The Tortonian has limestone, marl and conglomerate in the northwest and similar units plus clay, salt, and gypsum in the Al-Furat Basin. Basalt, tuff, breccia, limestone, clay, sandstone and conglomerate were common from the Pliocene, overlain by alluvial conglomerate, basalt and flood plain deposits from the Quaternary.
Though it is not common to consider hydronium ions as allosteric regulators, in the case of PBGS, side chain protonation at locations other than the active site has been shown to affect the quaternary structure equilibrium, and thus to affect the rate of its catalyzed reaction as well.
The tetrahydroisoquinoline skeleton is present in a number of drugs, such as tubocurarine, one of the quaternary ammonium muscle relaxants. Drugs based on 4-substituted tetrahydroisoquinolines include nomifensine and diclofensine. They can be prepared by N-alkylation of benzyl amines with haloacetophenones. Naturally occurring tetrahydroisoquinolines include cheryllinecherylline and latifine.
Constituent amino-acids can be analyzed to predict secondary, tertiary and quaternary protein structure. This list of protein structure prediction software summarizes notable used software tools in protein structure prediction, including homology modeling, protein threading, ab initio methods, secondary structure prediction, and transmembrane helix and signal peptide prediction.
Molecular weight and quaternary structure of the cholinergic receptor protein extracted by detergents from Electrophorus electricus electric tissue. FEBS Lett. 38: 11-15 a finding quickly confirmed by the team of Arthur Karlin.Weill C.L., McNamee M.G., Karlin A. (1974) Affinity-labeling of purified acetylcholine receptor from Torpedo Californica.
It preserves fossils from the Pleistocene Epoch, during the Quaternary Period of the Cenozoic Era. Lower Pliocene sub−period petrified wood is found in Anza-Borrego Desert State Park. The Lauraceae is represented by petrified Umbellularia, the Salicaceae with petrified Populus and Salix, and the Juglandaceae with petrified Juglans.
The Yukaghir Highlands ()Proceedings of the Institute of Geology and Geophysics. Issue 383. Quaternary deposits of the extreme northeast of the USSR(in Russian are a mountainous area in the Sakha Republic and Magadan Oblast, Far Eastern Federal District, Russia. The area is named after the Yukaghir people.
Platymantis megabotoniviti is an extinct species of frogs in the family Ceratobatrachidae. The species was described from bones of late Quaternary age from caves on Viti Levu, Fiji. P. megabotoniviti is much larger than the other two species of Platymantis known from Fiji, P. vitianus and P. vitiensis.
A. Obruchev (1948). "Osnovnye cherty kinetiki i plastiki neotektonik". Izv. Akad. Nauk, Ser. Geol., 5: 13–24 defining the field as "recent tectonic movements occurred in the upper part of Tertiary (Neogene) and in the Quaternary, which played an essential role in the origin of the contemporary topography".
Assal al-Ward lies on a high plateau that starts at between the Qalamoun and Anti-Lebanon Mountains.Hastings, 2004, p. 92. The large Tertiary- Quaternary basinBeck, 1989, p. 18. of Assal al-Ward is watered by several springs, and drains northwards towards the towns of Jayroud and an-Nabek.
Carolina Villagrán Moraga is a Chilean biologist known for her work on Quaternary biogeography. Her works include models for the past extent of different altitudinal zonations in Chile and on the origin of the Chilean flora. She is part of the Faculty of Science for the University of Chile.
Françoise Gasse (; born 1942; died 22 April 2014) was a French paleobiologist, paleoclimatologist and paleohydrologist, who specialized in the study of lacustrine sediments from ancient lakes from Africa and Asia. Her seminal work allowed the reconstruction of the Quaternary climate throughout Africa and western Asia and the African paleoclimate.
Oklahoma Geological Survey Seismograph Stations . (accessed February 14, 2007)Meers, Oklahoma Quaternary Fault. (accessed October 5, 2012) The Meers Store was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978 as Meers Mining Camp, since it was the only surviving relic of the community's gold rush days.
One involved testing the authenticity of maple syrup. Claude Hillaire-Marcel served on the following committees; the Royal Society of Canada, Canadian Quaternary Association, International Union for Quaternary Research, Ocean Drilling Program, International Marine Global Change Study (IMAGES), the World Climate Research Program (WCRP), and the Joint Global Oceans Flux Studies (JGOFS). He is a member of the Consultative Committee for the Environment of Hydro-Québec, the Canadian Scientific Committee for the Integrated ODP, the Scientific Committee of the Institut du Sahel, and the Executive Committee of Fonds québécois de la recherche sur la nature et les technologies (FONDS FCAR) and Vice-President of the Sub-commission for the Americas of the INQUA Commission on Shorelines.
As is true for Picea critchfieldii, pollen and macrofossil specimens from a variety of species present during the Late Quaternary have been collected and studied across the globe. Such specimens are tied to specific locations that can be assigned accurate historical dates, which can then be linked to past climate data that has been independently gleaned from other sources such as ice cores or tree rings. Pairing records of past biota with climate data allows paleoecologists to reconstruct past vegetational landscapes. Given the rich spatial and temporal data embedded in the geologic record of the Late Quaternary, changes in the vegetational composition and structure of the landscape can be studied with great detail.
The Cenozoic is divided into three periods: the Paleogene, Neogene, and Quaternary; and seven epochs: the Paleocene, Eocene, Oligocene, Miocene, Pliocene, Pleistocene, and Holocene. The Quaternary Period was officially recognized by the International Commission on Stratigraphy in June 2009, and the former term, Tertiary Period, became officially disused in 2004 due to the need to divide the Cenozoic into periods more like those of the earlier Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras. The common use of epochs during the Cenozoic helps paleontologists better organize and group the many significant events that occurred during this comparatively short interval of time. Knowledge of this era is more detailed than any other era because of the relatively young, well-preserved rocks associated with it.
The oldest volcanic formations linked to Chachani are the so-called "sillars", which are rhyolitic pyroclastic flows/ignimbrites containing pumice beds. These ignimbrites include the La Joya Ignimbrite of Pliocene age, the Plio- Quaternary Arequipa Airport Ignimbrite and the Quaternary Yura Tuff and Capillune Formation. The 4.8 million years old La Joya, the 1.65 million years old Arequipa Airport, and less certainly the early Pleistocene Yura Tuff as well as the Capillune Formation ignimbrites appear to have been erupted by Chachani or (in the case of the Yura Tuff) from a vent north of it. Together with lava flows these form the "Pre-Chachani" units and probably are the largest eruptions experienced by Chachani.
Wilmington, located up the Cape Fear River, and Morehead city located on the other side of the bridge from Atlantic beach crossing the Bogue Sound remain the state's only two major ports; the Cape Fear river often has to be dredged to keep it open to large merchant marine ships. The Carolina Sandhills is a 10-35 mi wide physiographic region within the innermost part of the Atlantic Coastal Plain province.Swezey, C.S., Fitzwater, B.A., Whittecar, G.R., Mahan, S.A., Garrity, C.P., Aleman Gonzalez, W.B., and Dobbs, K.M., 2016, "The Carolina Sandhills: Quaternary eolian sand sheets and dunes along the updip margin of the Atlantic Coastal Plain province, southeastern United States": Quaternary Research, v. 86, p.
The Pliocene to Quaternary Upper Siwalik is interpreted as the sedimentary record of the last phase of Himalayan orogeny. The Upper Siwalik predominantly consists of conglomerate facies in its upper layers and alternations of sandstone, mudstone and conglomerate in the lower part with a maximum thickness of . The Upper Siwalik is overlain by unlithified Quaternary sediments such as the Neogal conglomerate and red clays. The basal part of the Upper Siwalik shows predominantly of crudely stratified conglomerate, sandstone and massive mudstone which suggests a deposition of high energy conditions; this facies assemblage and characteristics are commonly found in gravel transport fans and suggests a deposition by gravelly braided rivers in medial to distal alluvial fan settings.
S. 69-97. Attempto Verlag. Tübingen Since 2010, the excavations on top of the excavation base continued in the framework of a project by the Lower Saxony State Service for Cultural Heritage in Hannover and the Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Department of Early Prehistory and Quaternary Ecology of the Institute of Pre- and Protohistory and Mediaeval Archaeology, supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Association). Numerous cooperation partners domestic and abroad are involved in the reprocessing and the evaluation of the excavations: Rijksuniversiteit Leiden (paleontology), Leuphana University Lüneburg (palynologie), Senckenberg Research Institute and Nature Museum in Frankfurt am Main, Leibniz University Hannover (geology), Institute for Quaternary Lumbers Langnau (wood anatomy), Romano-Germanic Central Museum Mainz and others.
In all these cases, the quaternary structure of the biological unit is a domain-swapped dimer, in which the active site and the 8-stranded beta sheet secondary structure is formed from both subunits. However, in yeast such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the two subunits have fused into a single monomer of double size, through gene duplication. Each half of the structural dimer is a sandwich of 3-4 alpha helices on both sides of an 8-stranded antiparallel beta sheet; the dimer interface is largely composed of the face-to-face meeting of the two beta sheets. The tertiary and quaternary structures of glyoxalase I is similar to those of several other types of proteins.
Aberdeen is at the eastern end of Grays Harbor, near the mouth of the Chehalis River and southwest of the Olympic Mountains. Grays Harbor is notable as the northernmost ria on North America's Pacific Coast because it has remained free of glaciers throughout the Quaternary due to unfavorable topography and warm temperatures. It is thought that, during glacial periods of the Quaternary, the Chehalis River was a major refugium for aquatic species, as was the west coast from the Olympic Peninsula southward for plants that later formed the northern part of the Pacific temperate rainforest in formerly glaciated areas. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and is water.
About 400 Pliocene-Quaternary volcanoes can be found in Peru, with Quaternary activity limited to the southern part of the country, which is part of the Central Volcanic Zone. There, volcanic activity has since the Jurassic moved from the present-day coast region where remnants persist in the Cordillera de la Costa eastward into the actual Andes and the present-day volcanic arc, where it is defined by stratovolcanoes. Many Peruvian volcanoes are remote and difficult to access; thus volcanic activity there is poorly studied. The basement underneath Huaynaputina is formed by almost sediments and volcanic intrusions of Paleozoic to Mesozoic age including the Yura Group as well as the Cretaceous Matalaque Formation of volcanic origin.
Elgueta et al. 2000, p. 7. The deepest part of the basin lie to the east.Elgueta et al. 2000, p. 10. The lower levels of the basin are occupied by coal-bearing Cheuquemó Formation among other units while the Miocene-aged marine Santo Domingo Formation makes up much of the upper stratigraphy. The uppermost levels are made of sediments of Quaternary age of glacial, glaci-fluvial, glaci-lacustrine and volcanic character.Elgueta et al. 2000, pp. 13–14. The thickness of Quaternary sediments is greater to the south reaching almost 1,300 m in Puerto Montt. Sediments in the western part of the basin are roughly estimated to have reached 70 °C during burial and diagenesis.
Professor van Zinderen Bakker served as Chairman of the International Group of Specialists in the Antarctic (SCAR), and President of the South African Society for Quaternary Research (SASQUA). He was a Fellow of the Royal Society of South Africa, an Honorary member of INQUA (International Union for Quaternary Research), the South African Association of Botanists, and the Deutsche Quartärvereinigung. He received a DSc. honoris causa from the University of the Orange Free State, the Gold Medal for South African Antarctic Research and for Botany, the Senior Captain Scott Medal for Biology, the Havenga Prize for Biology (1986) from the Suid-Afrikaanse Akademie vir Wetenskap en Kuns, President of the South African Archaeological Society between 1977 and 1979.
The younger Imperial Formation occurs in the Colorado Desert, in Imperial County of Southern California. It dates to the Zanclean−Lower Pliocene stage of the Pliocene Epoch, during the Quaternary Period of the Cenozoic Era. It underlies the Palm Spring Formation, and overlies the Ocotillo Formation. San Diego State University.
150px Prof Władysław Szafer PAS HFRSE (July 23, 1886 – November 16, 1970) was a Polish botanist, palaeobotanist, quaternary geologist and professor of botany at the Jagiellonian University in Kraków.Godwin, Harry (1973) Obituary: tribute to four botanists. New Phytologist 72 (5): 1245-1250. He was a world pioneer in nature conservation.
Chiverrekk RC, Thrasher I, Thomas GS, Lang A, et al (2013). Bayesian modelling the retreat of the Irish Sea Ice Stream. Journal of Quaternary Science 28, 200-209. In support of the glacial erratic theory, researchers reporting in 2015 found no firm evidence of quarrying at Rhosyfelin in the Preselis.
Linderstrøm-Lang is justly famous for his organization of protein structure into four levels: primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure. He did so in his Lane Medical Lectures, which were delivered at Stanford University on 2, 4, 8, 10 and 12 October 1951, and later published by Stanford University Press.
Khatt Atui has been suggested as the location of the lower reaches of a major ancient river, dubbed the Tamanrasett paleoriver, that flowed through the Sahara to the Arguin Basin during humid episodes in the late Quaternary. Early Neolithic archaeological sites have been found along the Mauritanian portion of the wadi.
The tors of Dartmoor are amongst its most celebrated features. Their origins are still the subject of debate but some such as Linton (1955) have theorised that they were initiated during periods of intense weathering during the Tertiary period but exposed and further developed during repeated glacial stages during the Quaternary.
In early Miocene times (24 Ma), plate convergence caused regional compression. Since then, sedimentation has occurred throughout the Taranaki Region, generating sandstones, soft mudstones, and some limestone. The coastal lowlands around Wanganui have well-developed Quaternary marine terraces (caused by sea-level fluctuations and tectonic uplift), and coastal sand dunes.
The Karoo Supergroup hosts low-grade uranium and likely coal and coal-bed methane, although the Lower Karoo which hosts the coal seams does not outcrop in Lesotho. The country has quarrying of Quaternary clay deposits, Drakensberg Group fine-grained basalts and sandstones in the Elliot, Molteno and Clarens Formations.
This is because the histone tail domains are involved in interactions between nucleosomes. The linker histone, or H1 protein, is also involved maintaining nucleosome structure. The H1 protein has the special role of ensuring that DNA stays tightly wound. Modifications to histone proteins and their DNA are classified as quaternary structure.
In Robert Island in the South Shetland Islands raised strandflats show that the island has been subject to a relative change in sea level. Raised shore platforms corresponding to strandflats have also been identified in Scotland's Hebrides. Possibly these formed in Pliocene times and were later modified by the Quaternary glaciations.
The geology of Tule Valley consists of Quaternary alluvial sediments punctuated by chalky white Pleistocene marls. The valley is a true graben in the sense that it is down-faulted by normal faults on both sides of the valley. The knolls in the valley are horsts of Silurian to Devonian carbonates.
To the northwest, it connects with the Gulf of Aden, to the northeast with the Arabian Sea and to the south with the Somali sea.Fleitmann, Dominik, et al. "Holocene ITCZ and Indian monsoon dynamics recorded in stalagmites from Oman and Yemen (Socotra)." Quaternary Science Reviews 26.1-2 (2007): 170-188.
LM1 was discovered in 1969 at the Willandra Lakes Region by Jim Bowler with the University of Melbourne.Bowler, J.M. 1970. Late Quaternary environments: a study of lakes and associated sediments in south- eastern Australia. Doctoral thesis, Australian National University, Canberra LM1 has been 14C dated at 24,700 to 19,030 years ago.
The mixture is washed with a sodium hydroxide solution and water. The solvent is then removed by distillation at reduced pressure to yield the final product. The resulting product can be converted to a quaternary salt by reacting with a haloalkane, such as methyl iodide, to produce a water-soluble agent.
Pisano (1977), p. 128 Granitoids, schists and ancient volcanic rocks make up the basement on which soils develop.Pisano (1977), p. 129 Any previously existing regolith has been eroded by the Quaternary glaciations. It is not rare for bare rock surfaces to be exposed in the interior of islands.Pisano (1977), p.
Golden eagle The materials that dominate are clay, marl, sandstone and limestone. Except for quaternary period coatings, all the materials are from the Jurassic and Cretaceous eras. The original limestone reefs create the element of ruggedness of the range. Two examples are the Txindoki relief and the Ataun dome structure.
Sowunmi's research achievements include the first identifications of the age and paleoenvironment of the Gwandu Formation, the first descriptions of Eocene pollen of the Ogwashi-Asaba Formation, the first study of Late Quaternary vegetation and environmental history of Nigeria, and the first study of pollen from an archaeological site in Nigeria.
The most common Miocene aged fossils are gastropods and pelecypods. Most of Georgia was dry land by the time of the Quaternary period. Local sea levels rose and fell significantly in time with the expansion and thawing of glaciers farther north in the continent. Georgia's terrestrial environments included forests and grasslands.
The placement of an increasing number of methyl groups accelerates the cyclization process.Michael N. Levine, Ronald T. Raines "Trimethyl lock: a trigger for molecular release in chemistry, biology, and pharmacology (perspective)" Chem. Sci., 2012, volume 3, 2412–2420. :440px One application of this effect is addition of a quaternary carbon (e.g.
Her research spanned multiple themes, include the study of palaeoeclimate, palaeoethnobotany, and palaeovegetation, and chronologically, from the Quaternary period to the Classical world. She studied the archaeobotanical contents of the sewer of the Colosseum. Follieri was noted as the leading archaeobotanist in Italy in the 1970s. She retired in 2004.
Accessed 23 May 2010.Gregory, M.R.; Martin, A.J.; and Campbell, K.A. (2004). Compound trace fossils formed by plant and animal interactions: Quaternary of northern New Zealand and Sapelo Island, Georgia (USA), Fossils and Strata 51, 88–105. Sand on the eastern coast tends to be more pure quartz, and appears white.
The presence of two deep Quaternary clay channels in the middle of the Strait makes construction complex, causing doubts about the feasibility of the project and proposals for an exploratory tunnel. No official figures about the cost of the project had been announced by 2007, but previous estimates exceeded €5 billion.
However, seismic data reveal that they are highly fractured by a series of deep faults. These faults also are associated with the concentric rings and form the irregular topography of the structure's brim. Less than of Quaternary sediments partially fill the central cavity. These sediments consist of glaciomarine and postglacial sediments.
Quaternary International. vol. 41–42, pp. 11–15. During the extremely frigid polar climate of the Last Glacial Maximum (Late Weichselian Epoch), 17,000 to 24,000 BP, small passive ice caps did form on the De Long Islands. Fragments of these ice caps are preserved on Jeannette, Henrietta, and Bennett Islands.
The following is a list of colleges and universities in the U.S. state of Colorado which range in age and focus of programs. This list also includes other educational institutions providing higher education, meaning tertiary, quaternary, and, in some cases, post-secondary education. The State Commission data is also provided.
250px Aigüestortes National Park is an important item in the Pyrenean geology. The predominant rocks are granite and slate, both very old Paleozoic rocks. These emerged from the sea in the Paleogene, during the Alpine orogeny, giving rise to the Pyrenees. Successive quaternary glaciations covered these mountains with huge glaciers.
Vinylacetylene was first synthesized by Hofmann elimination of the related quaternary ammonium salt:Richard Willstätter, Theodor Wirth "Über Vinyl- acetylen" Ber., volume 46, p. 535 (1913). :[(CH3)3NCH2CH=CHCH2N(CH3)3]I2 → 2 [(CH3)3NH]I + HC≡C-CH=CH2 It is usually synthesized by dehydrohalogenation of 1,3-dichloro-2-butene.
Tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride, commonly abbreviated to TBAF and n-Bu4NF, is a quaternary ammonium salt with the chemical formula (CH3CH2CH2CH2)4N+F−. It is commercially available as the white solid trihydrate and as a solution in tetrahydrofuran. TBAF is used as a source of fluoride ion in organic solvents.
This last Quaternary geologist died in 1951 leaving his research unfinished, despite of this Klarälven was by 1956 the most studied river in Sweden. Åke Sundborg's 1956 outstanding PhD thesis and publication on the geomorphology and hydrology of Klarälven is considered a major reference work for river studies in Sweden.
Quaternary Basin of the Xingu and Mesozoic Basin of the Parecis. Soil: The soil is predominantly latosol (80%) and quartz sand (20%). Vegetation: The vegetation of the municipality is constituted by 70% and 30% of cerrado forest. Water Resources: The municipality of Nova Mutum is located in the Amazon Basin.
Plio-Pleistocene Palaeogeography of the Southern North Sea Basin (3.75 - 0.60 Ma). Quaternary Science Reviews, vol.15. The North Sea was a bight at this time, with its southern margin defined by the chalk hills of the Weald-Artois anticline where the Strait of Dover is now located.Kuhlmann, G (2004).
The youngest ‘solid’ rocks of the area are those of the Crag Group which are of Neogene to early Quaternary age. They comprise marine and estuarine sands and other sediments. These and more recent superficial deposits (described below) are all recognised formally as parts of the Great Britain Superficial Deposits Supergroup.
He was deputed to Emmanuel College, Cambridge University from where he received a Ph.D. in 1960 after working under Sir Harry Godwin on Quaternary palynology. He returned to the Birbal Sahni Institute and started a palynology department and served as the deputy director of the institute from 1983 to 1984.
The mountains were formed in the Mesozoic, approximately 100 million years ago, when an ancient sea disappeared due to uplift. Later, in the Quaternary Period, the landscape was shaped by the influence of glaciers. The vegetation of the area varies with elevation. Mesic forests cover the landscape below 1,100 meters.
Indicators of an EEI are brackish-water mollusk species close to modern North Caspian ones. Among these are Caspian endemic species of the Limnocardiidae family, such as the Didacna Eichwald genus.Nevesskaya L.A. (1965) Late Quaternary bivalve mollusks of the Black Sea: their systematics and ecology. Acad. nauk SSSR Paleont. Inst.
Colin Clark's sector model of an economy undergoing technological change. In later stages, the Quaternary sector of the economy grows. One of the first people to develop the concept of the information society was the economist Fritz Machlup. In 1933, Fritz Machlup began studying the effect of patents on research.
Locally grown madder was primarily used for the red shades; indigo for the blue shades was probably imported.Annemarie Kramell, Xiao Li u. a.: "Dyes of late Bronze Age textile clothes and accessories from the Yanghai archaeological site, Turfan, China: Determination of the fibers, color analysis and dating." In: Quaternary International.
" Lancet 251 15-18. although it is now essentially obsolete as a drug, and it is still used in physiological research for its ability to block K+ channels in various tissues.C. M. Armstrong and B. Hille (1972). "The inner quaternary ammonium receptor in potassium channels of the node of Ranvier.
In: Jurgen Ehlers, Philip Leonard Gibbard, & Philip D. Hughes (eds.), Quaternary Glaciations – Extent and Chronology: A Closer Look, pp. 361–372. Amsterdam: Elsevier, p. 369.Conway, Martin. 1906. No Man's Land: A History of Spitsbergen from Its Discovery in 1596 to the Beginning of the Scientific Exploration of the Country.
Devil's Lair has been the subject of scientific research since the 1970s by palaeontologists and archaeologists.Balme, J., D. Merrilees and J. K. Porter (1978). "Late Quaternary mammal remains spanning about 30,000 years from excavations in Devil's Lair, Western Australia". Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 60 (2):33-65.
Zabargad Island, Egypt. Zabargad Island ( ', also known as St. John's Island in English) is the largest of a group of islands in Foul Bay, Egypt. It covers an area of . It is not a quaternary volcanic island, but rather is believed to be an upthrusted part of upper mantle material.
Barbatia is a genus of "bearded" ark clams, marine bivalve mollusks in the family Arcidae, the ark clams. This genus is known in the fossil record from the Jurassic period to the Quaternary period (age range: 167.7 to 0.0 million years ago). These fossils have been found all over the world.
Springer, Dordrecht.Gaudzinski-Windheuser, S., Kindler, L., 2012. Research perspectives for the study of Neanderthal subsistence strategies based on the analysis of archaeozoological assemblages. Quaternary International 247, 59-68. Furthermore Sabine Gaudzinski-Windheuser worked on the evolution of settlement behaviour and social interaction in early anatomical modern human societiesGaudzinski-Windheuser, 2012.
The isolation ended with the German publication of Gunnar Erdtman's 1921 thesis. The methodology of pollen analysis became widespread throughout Europe and North America and revolutionized Quaternary vegetation and climate change research.von Post, L (1918) "Skogsträdpollen i sydsvenska torvmosslagerföljder", Forhandlinger ved de Skandinaviske naturforskeres 16. møte i Kristiania 1916: p.
Protein quaternary structure is the number and arrangement of multiple folded protein subunits in a multi-subunit complex. It includes organizations from simple dimers to large homooligomers and complexes with defined or variable numbers of subunits. It can also refer to biomolecular complexes of proteins with nucleic acids and other cofactors.
The above definition follows a classical approach to biochemistry, established at times when the distinction between a protein and a functional, proteinaceous unit was difficult to elucidate. More recently, people refer to protein–protein interaction when discussing quaternary structure of proteins and consider all assemblies of proteins as protein complexes.
The Illinoian Stage is the name used by Quaternary geologists in North America to designate the period c.191,000 to c.130,000 years ago, during the middle Pleistocene, when sediments comprising the Illinoian Glacial Lobe were deposited. It precedes the Sangamonian Stage and follows the Pre-Illinoian Stage in North America.
Curt Fredén (born 1937) is a Swedish Quaternary geologist. Most of his work has centered on the Holocene geology of the Baltic Sea. He was a member of the landslide commission () that existed from 1988 to 1996. In 2002 he was awarded the prize Geologist of the Year () by Naturvetarna.
It was decreed a natural monument of Venezuela by the then president of the republic Carlos Andrés Pérez according to Decree No. 2352 of June 5, 1992 and published in Official Gazette No. 4548 (Extraordinary) of March 26, 1993 as a Geomorphological Unit deposited during the Quaternary, of fluvial origin.
She was described by Richard Harrison as having "single-handedly developed the field of environmental magnetism". She demonstrated that soils that were exposed to higher rainfall make more magnetite. She has studied how windblown dusts impacted the levels of greenhouse gases. She is interested in magnetic records of Quaternary terrestrial sediments.
Organophosphates (such as nerve gases) are well-known inhibitors of AChE. They bind to a specific place on the enzyme and prevent it from functioning normally by changing the OH group on the serine residue and by protonating (quaternary nitrogen, R4N+) the nearby nitrogen atom located in the histidine residue.
The oldest sediments that are exposed are Middle Eocene carbonates found in the Avon Park Formation. Most of the state of Florida is covered by Pliocene, Pleistocene, and Holocene siliciclastic-bearing sediments deposited during sea-level fluctuations and filling in of the Gulf Trough beginning in the late Tertiary and Quaternary.
Overall the teeth of the leaflets compound, each of the large teeth having 1 to 2 smaller teeth on the basal side. The leaves have tertiary veins that form acute angle-right angle structuring with the veins spaced apart. The quaternary veins form a network of areoles that are irregular polygons.
It can operate at distances up to about 18,000 feet () with loss up to . An internal termination impedance of 135 ohms is presented to the line at each end of the U-interface. A 1.5 ms frame carrying 216 scrambled bits of 2B+D data is mapped to 108 quaternary symbols.
Deakin Volcanics green-grey and purple rhyodacite is under the suburb, but only exposed in the south east quarter. The rest is covered by Quaternary alluvium. The south west has Deakin Volcanics green grey, purple and cream rhyolite with the corner topped off with Deakin Volcanics red-purple and green grey rhyodacite.
Deakin Volcanics green-grey and purple rhyodacite is in the northern half and under Quaternary alluvium in the south. In the upper parts of the suburb are two patches of Deakin Volcanics green grey, purple and cream rhyolite. Further up Mount Taylor are Deakin Volcanics red-purple and green grey rhyodacite and porphyry.
Quaternary alluvium covers the whole suburb. This would have formed by erosion of the surrounding Deakin Volcanics in Chisholm and the hills to the east. Deep underneath are volcanic rocks from the Silurian age at 414 Mya.Henderson G A M and Matveev G, Geology of Canberra, Queanbeyan and Environs 1:50000 1980.
The ammonium cation is a positively charged polyatomic ion with the chemical formula . It is formed by the protonation of ammonia (NH3). Ammonium is also a general name for positively charged or protonated substituted amines and quaternary ammonium cations (), where one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by organic groups (indicated by R).
This genus is known in the fossil records from the latest Miocene to the Quaternary (age range: from 5.332 to 1.806 million years ago). Fossils are found in the marine strata of Italy, the Netherlands, the Bahía Inglesa Formation of the Caldera Basin, Chile and in the fossiliferous Pisco Formation of Peru.
His most notable scientific contributions were the development of sundry physical techniques to study protein structure and function (especially hydrogen–deuterium exchange), and his definitions of protein primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure. Holter H. (1960) "K. U. Linderstrøm-Lang 1896–1959", C. R. Trav. Lab. Carlsberg Ser. Chim., 32, 1–33.
Picea critchfieldii, or Critchfield's spruce, was named after botanist William B. Critchfield. The plant was named to honor Critchfield and his longstanding "advocacy of understanding the role of Quaternary history in shaping genetic structure of conifer populations." This is an image of Picea glauca. Picea glauca is an extant species of spruce.
Edna Fault is part of the San Luis (Mount Buchon) range in San Luis Obispo County, California. It contains both Miocene and Pliocene strata against a Franciscan basement and forms the northern border of the Pismo syncline. According to trenching and bedrock mapping studies, the fault was inactive during the late Quaternary period.
Mountain building in Banff National Park ended approximately 55 m.y.a. The Canadian Rockies may have rose up to approximately 70 m.y.a. Once mountain formation ceased, erosion carved the mountains into their present rugged shape. The erosion was first due to water, then was greatly accelerated by the Quaternary glaciation 2.5 million years ago.
The fault zone is characterized by fault scarps, saddles, linear ridges, displaced streams, shutter ridges, and aligned springs. Some topographic features show evidence of sinistral offset. Locally, two fault traces bound a depressed block (pull- apart basin). Based on stratigraphic evidence, dextral movement of about is reported, which probably occurred before Quaternary time.
The Usme Fault is located in the Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes, south of Bogotá and extends along the western margin of the Tunjuelo River valley. The fault underlies the Sumapaz Páramo.Paris et al., 2000b The fault displaces Cretaceous and Tertiary rocks as well as Quaternary alluvial and glacial (moraine) deposits.
This bat is known only from subfossils. It was described from Late Quaternary cave deposits in Cuba (Las Villas Province, Trinidad, Cueva de los Masones) and found also in Rancholabrean cave deposits in southern Florida (Monkey Jungle Hammock). Fossil distribution of the pristine mustached bat. Pteronotus pristinus - red (Trinidad, Cuba), P. cf.
Denatonium is a quaternary ammonium cation. It is a compound of a salt with an inert anion like benzoate or saccharide. The structure of denatonium is related to the local anesthetic lidocaine, differing only by the addition of a benzyl group to the amino nitrogen. Other similar compounds are procaine and benzocaine.
One person was injured as a result of the earthquake: in Pawnee, a man was hit by a falling chimney. There were also liquefaction-related ground damage during the earthquake. The locations of liquefaction damage do not align with the fault that ruptured, but coincide with areas dominated by Quaternary alluvial deposits.
Deluvionet are more common in the wide part of region.These sediments are formed under natural conditions passing through sedimentary material, from mobile state or transferred to the stationary state. Quaternary sediments are in contact with upper Cretaceous limestone. Also, in the eastern and western part these sediments are in contact with metasediment belt.
Quaternary area is represented by lake sediments, su-clay, gravel, sand and silt. Mirusha high cliffs Pliocene sediments also stretch within the park area.In most part they are in erosion contact with upper Cretaceous limestone cliffs. These limestones are massive and contain numerous traces of gastropods and lay through Senon limestone floor.
The southern coast of Finland, Åland and the Stockholm archipelago were subject to considerable glacial erosion in the form of scraping during the Quaternary.Kleman, J.; Stroeven, A.P.; Lundqvist, Jan (2008). "Patterns of Quaternary ice sheet erosion and deposition in Fennoscandia and a theoretical framework for explanation". Geomorphology. 97 (1–2): 73–90.
Quaternary International, 196(1-2), pp. 13-35. Compared to most clayey soils, terra rossa has surprisingly good drainage characteristics. This makes it a popular soil type for wine production. Among other wine regions, it is found in La Mancha in Spain and the Coonawarra, Fleurieu and Barossa Valley growing areas in Australia.
Pulangi River traversing Valencia City, Bukidnon. Valencia City is underlain by three distinct geologic formations. Volcanic rocks believed to be of pliocene-quaternary age underlie the areas west of Pulangi River. The areas east of the broad plains in Valencia City are underlain by stratified sequence of clastic sedimentary rocks and limestone.
The Last Glacial Maximum and eglaciation in southern South America. Quaternary Science Reviews , vol. 21, 233–241 of which about 4% remains glaciated today in two separated portions known as the Northern and Southern Patagonian Ice Fields. The ice- volume reduction contributed to a global sea level rise of about 1.2 meters.
Isopropamide (R5) is a long-acting anticholinergic drug. It is used in the treatment of peptic ulcers and other gastrointestinal disorders involving hyperacidity (gastrointestinal acidosis) and hypermotility. Chemically, it contains a quaternary ammonium group. It is most often provided as an iodide salt, but is also available as a bromide or chloride salt.
The Eastern Snake River Plain Aquifer north of the Snake River is a remarkable aquifer of great resource and economic significance. It is not a single homogeneous geologic formation. Rather it consists of a volcanic pile of the Quaternary Snake River Group basalts. In eastern Idaho, these basalts may be about thick.
Tennessee was variously covered in forests and swamps. Early Tertiary plant remains from western Tennessee indicate that at the time the region had a tropical climate similar to that of modern Central or South America. Local wildlife included alligators, elephants, and tapirs. The local climate became significantly colder during the ensuing Quaternary period.
A primitive toothed whale called Xenorophus sloanii was preserved in Charleston County. Miocene life of South Carolina included a great diversity of mollusks, who left behind a wide variety of fossil shells. Pliocene life included mollusks and sea urchins. Both local sea levels and temperatures began to rise and fall during the Quaternary.
Breckenridge, A., 2013. An analysis of the late glacial lake levels within the western Lake Superior basin based on digital elevation models. Quaternary Research, 80(3), pp.383-395. The deep inner channel, which includes the Dalles, that forms the modern St. Croix River valley was excavated by a second drainage event.
His product was intended to soften men's hair, including beards and moustaches. Since the invention of Pinaud's early products, modern science has advanced the hair conditioner industry to include those made with silicone, fatty alcohols, and quaternary ammonium compounds. These chemical products have the benefits of hair conditioner without feeling greasy or heavy.
"Wisconsin through 5 Billion Years of Change", Wisconsin Earth Science Center, 1976, Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin, p. 131, much of the incised Paleozoic Plateau of Wisconsin and northwestern Illinois has no evidence of glaciation. Numerous glacial advances throughout the world occurred during the most recent Quaternary glaciation (also known as the Pleistocene glaciation).
Furthermore, the late Tertiary and the early Quaternary eras saw a period of climatic cooling that drove vegetation bands southwards, and the Arabian Peninsula received an influx of species from Eurasia. With increasing aridity, conditions became inimical for many of these and they retreated to the damper, southwestern mountainous regions, becoming relict populations.
This contributes to a very humid, tropical climate to occur year-round.Irion G., Muller J., Nunes de Mello J., Junk W.J. 1995. Quaternary geoglogy of Amazonian lowland. Geo-Marine Letters 15:172-178 The lower montane forests Emperor tamarins are primarily found in are considered tropical and moist with an abundance of vegetation.
Silurian calcareous shales from the Canberra Formation is overlain by Quaternary alluvium. This rock is the limestone of the original title of Canberra "Limestone Plains". Greywacke from the Ordovician age Pittman Formation is in the north west.Henderson G A M and Matveev G, Geology of Canberra, Queanbeyan and Environs 1:50000 1980.
Aster Medcity is the flagship hospital of Aster DM Health Care. It is located in Kochi, India and was opened in 2015. At present, it is a 670 bed quaternary care healthcare centre in a 40-acre campus. The hospital plans to add 500 more beds in its second phase of expansion.
Tetraethylammonium chloride (TEAC) is a quaternary ammonium compound with the chemical formula (C2H5)4N+Cl−, sometimes written as Et4N+Cl−. In appearance, it is a hygroscopic, colorless, crystalline solid. It has been used as the source of tetraethylammonium ions in pharmacological and physiological studies, but is also used in organic chemical synthesis.
This low flux rate is insufficient to cause caldera formation. Cerro Chao is the largest Quaternary silicic lava flow in the world. The vent location is related to an inferred fault zone emanating from one of the neighbouring volcanoes. The flow is underpinned by a pyroclastic apron that extends from the flow front.
John Horton Conway developed a 4 × 3 array known as the MiniMOG. The MiniMOG provides the same function for the Mathieu group M12 and ternary Golay code as the Miracle Octad Generator does for M24 and binary Golay code, respectively. Instead of using a quaternary hexacode, the MiniMOG uses a ternary tetracode.
Deligne et al. (2016) argue that "it is inarguably inappropriate" to consider Sand Mountain a volcanic field despite its official name. They assert that Sand Mountain is a short-lived subfeature of a larger volcanic field of Quaternary volcanism in the region, which they refer to as the Central Oregon volcanic field.
Xote (, ) is a Brazilian music genre and dance with a binary or quaternary rhythm. It is the local equivalent of the German schottische. Xote is a common type of forró dancing. The word xote is a corruption of the German word schottisch meaning Scottish; the schottische is related to the Scottish polka.
In: GeoJournal 21 (3); Kluwer, Dordrecht/ Boston/ London: 195–222.Kuhle, M. (2004): The Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) glacier cover of the Aconcagua group and adjacent massifs in the Mendoza Andes (South America). In: Ehlers, J., Gibbard, P.L. (Eds.), Quaternary Glaciation— Extent and Chronology. Part III: South America, Asia, Africa, Australia, Antarctica.

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