This new quadripartition of the Empire not only created a more efficient military system but also "[administration] of a vast, multiregional, multicultural, and multiracial empire".
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Nuku was enthroned as Sultan Muhammad al-Mabus Amiruddin. As such he took care to restore the defunct Jailolo sultanate in order to return to the traditional, pre-European quadripartition of Maluku.Leonard Andaya (1993), p. 235-6. In 1801 Ternate was captured by the British and Tidorese after a long siege.
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Bacan further to the south, and Jailolo on Halmahera, were also commonly included in Maluku Proper, the four kingdoms forming a ritual quadripartition with connotations to local cosmology.C.F. van Fraassen 1987, Vol. I, p. 18. The etymology of the word Maluku is not very clear, and it has been a matter of debate for many experts.
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Between 1839 and 1920 there was a quadripoint at the convergence of Belgium, Prussia/Germany, the Netherlands, and Moresnet at Vaalserberg . Moresnet was never truly a country but rather only a neutral territory or condominium of the Netherlands and Prussia (originally), and of Belgium and Germany (ultimately). Subsequent political changes have restored its quadripartition along municipal lines (Kelmis, Plombieres within Belgium) since 1976 (though it has also enjoyed fivefold partition along municipal lines at times).
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Saifuddin took care to act as a ruler on equal status with the Ternate Sultan. Unlike the Ternatan counterpart, however, he did not try to disrupt traditional institutions in order to concentrate his personal powers. Rather, he shored up popular support by displays of liberality and generosity, distributing wealth among the chiefs (Bobatos). He also made repeated suggestions to the Dutch authorities to reinstall the long-vanished Jailolo Sultanate in order to revert to the traditional quadripartition of Maluku.
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The governor found Nuku to be a dignified gentleman who was well aware of European manners. He did not promise substantial assistance for an attack in North Maluku, but expressed support for Nuku's rights to the throne of Tidore. However, Nuku proceeded to occupy Jailolo in Halmahera with British support. Jailolo was, until 1551, one of the four Malukan kingdoms together with Ternate, Tidore and Bacan, and a restoration of the original quadripartition was seen as a step in reestablishing precolonial harmony.
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This is a list of rulers of Maluku from proto-historical times until the present. The four sultanates of Ternate, Tidore, Jailolo and Bacan were considered descendants of a legendary figure called Jafar Sadik and formed a ritual quadripartition. Drawing wealth from the spice production and trade with other parts of Asia, Ternate and Tidore lorded over extensive realms which stretched from Sulawesi to Papua, while Jailolo and Bacan merely had local significance. They fell under Portuguese or Spanish influence in the sixteenth century, superseded by Dutch impact in the seventeenth century.
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In these, he offered formal vassalage under Manuel. The great role of Melaka as a trading entrepot made the market in spices dependent on shipping to and from this place, which made it desirable to have a stable diplomatic relation with the Estado da India, the Portuguese colonial organization in Asian waters. But he also put forward the idea that one ruler would be sufficient for the Malukan area, rather than the traditional quadripartition into four kingdoms. In other words, he expected the Portuguese to back his power ambitions and upset the precolonial order.
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Turning to that remarkable reading in Jerome's Latin Vulgate which reads "over the four parts of the earth," it requires that the Roman empire should have some kind of quadripartition. Dividing from the central or Italian fourth, three great divisions of the Empire separated into the West, East and Illyricum under Posthumus, Aureolus and Zenobia respectively—divisions that were later legitimized by Diocletian. Diocletian ended this long period of anarchy, but the succession of civil wars and invasions caused much suffering, disorder and crime which brought the empire into a state of moral lethargy from which it never recovered. After the plague had abated, the empire suffered from general distress, and its condition was very much like that which followed after the Black Death of the Middle Ages.
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