769 Sentences With "precast" | Random Sentence Generator

Frankie Vazquez Marrero runs a business that sells precast walls and structured steel.

Consolis makes precast concrete pieces, such as walls, bridges, tunnels, pipes or railways sleepers.

Its customers include cement manufacturers, concrete plants, precast manufacturers and construction companies, according to its website.

Some 25,24.75 cubic yards of concrete were poured in construction, including some 215,22020 precast concrete road deck panels.

The elements were precast on Guishan Island, near Zhuhai, and transported to the construction site by floating pontoons and tugboats.

No charges have been filed against the owners of the Midwest Precast Concrete plant in Mount Pleasant that was raided.

"I'm talking about precast (concrete) going up probably 35 to 40 feet up in the air," Trump said on MSNBC.

The trucks carry the lifeblood of American cities—pipes, precast concrete, massive spools of wire, steel, electrical transformers, pumps, and computers.

Once enough material has been cleared, the borer is stopped and the newly exposed section is lined with precast concrete sections.

The result is a frame that acts as a skeleton for precast concrete sections which can then be assembled into a bridge.

The 1950s, with innovative photomechanical reproduction and precast lead letters, saw maps on the Korean War and railroad construction in Communist China.

A state library the Deckers designed exploits the changing shadows cast by an irregular grid of precast concrete panels on the facade.

Titan Atlas, which manufactured precast construction panels at the North Charleston site, never applied to take part in the state's voluntary cleanup program.

The wall could be made of precast concrete, he told the New York Times last August, and perhaps rise as high as 50 feet.

The company now makes precast concrete pieces, such as walls, bridges, tunnels, pipes or railways sleepers, with half of its sales made in Scandinavian countries.

He has said that the wall would be built from precast concrete and steel and that it could be 25 feet tall, if not higher.

However, much of the construction dates back to Communist times, when the authorities responded to urgent housing needs by erecting giant precast-panel residential complexes.

It recently employed the system to print moulds for the precast concrete façade of the Domino tower, a new 42-storey building in Brooklyn, New York.

Clad in nocturnal gray, precast concrete, the $146 million, 57,2653-square-foot pavilion looks a bit like a World War II battleship, marooned on the beach.

On the outside, the seven-story, 38-unit building, designed by Andre Kikoski Architect, will be clad in sandblasted precast concrete panels with deep vertical grooves.

Printing precast concrete subunits in the controlled conditions of a factory and then assembling them on site can be better suited to making complex and artistic structures.

At Ainissa, he said, about $150,20153 paid for the double layer of precast concrete walls installed in June; security cameras and hallway gates will soon be added.

The building at 210 West 77th features a brick and bronze exterior with mahogany French doors, while 221 West 77th has casement windows set into precast stone.

It will be faced in precast concrete panels designed to have some of the same visual texture and complexity as its most photogenic postwar ancestors, including Habitat.

There, the rail yard has been covered with a deck made of precast, hollow concrete segments that will form a public plaza when the project opens in 2019.

"Oak and radiant-heated limestone floors, marble baths, precast concrete fireplace mantles, and top quality appliances support a relaxed yet sophisticated experience for residents and guests," the listing reads.

"We would expect that the Trump Wall will follow a similar design to the 420-mile Israeli West Bank barrier, large parts of which were built using precast concrete panels," he said.

As the name suggests, Ruby City's most distinctive feature is its jewel tone; the upper part of the exterior is made of a red-colored precast concrete embedded with multihued crushed glass.

That one was precast in the South, floated up to New York, and quite literally dropped into trenches dug into the East River, with dirt, stone, and concrete slabs placed on top over time.

The sheer volume of salvage material — 2602,210 tons of concrete, 22019,238 tons of steel, 270,230 timber piles, 1903 piers or columns and more than 2190,210 precast deck panels — has to be moved somewhere else.

In a factory that makes precast concrete, 16km south of Doncaster, in northern England, a robotic arm hangs over a wide platform, a dribble of hard pink wax dangling from a nozzle at its tip.

Views from the back and front porches of these two-story brick and precast stone houses sweep from the Whitestone to the Throgs Neck bridges, framing the East River as it curves between the spans.

These hypotheses are based on the kind of wall proposed by Trump (granted, there isn't a plan that goes into a lot of detail), which'll be at least 50 feet high and made out of precast concrete.

Clad in precast concrete panels, with apartments rising and descending from wide, raised decks (referred to as "streets in the sky"), Robin Hood Gardens embodies the brutalist desire to renegotiate the relationship between architecture, citizens and society.

They used a pair of robotic arms that extrude concrete mixed with polyethylene fibres to print precast sections which were then assembled into a 33-metre footbridge that spans a pond in an industrial park in Shanghai.

Size: 1733,310 square feet Price per square foot: $519 Indoors: The single-story home was built with 25 varieties of precast concrete blocks that were tinted red and connected — "knitted together," in the usual description — with steel rods.

Chapek's home, built a dozen years ago out of precast concrete, has withstood brushes with at least six hurricanes with manageable damage — including a direct hit from Irma —the most powerful hurricane to hit the Keys in nearly 20053 years.

If it's to be served, that empty plot, still waiting on private donations and $211 million in state funding, will be occupied by a subdued, modernist, 47,000-square-foot pavilion raised above the ground on thick columns clad in precast oyster-shell tabby.

Researchers at the University of Notre Dame are developing a cost-effective method by which producers of precast concrete — concrete formed into a mold and brought to building sites — can effectively recycle their waste concrete into aggregate and reuse it in the production of construction beams.

But it was built of thick precast concrete to withstand a major storm, with backup generators and raised water tanks and circuitry, along with basketball courts, roomy living pods, more than 600 security cameras, biometric entrance scanners and video screens that inmates can use to talk to family members via Skype.

We obtained a copy of an internal memo describing a joint 2016 investigation by the Income Tax Department and DGCEI into another company, Hi Build Constructions and Precast Pvt Ltd, which had both received and paid out "large sums" of money from and to five Lodha Group companies in 33 and 2015.

Mr. Trump may have smacked the Upstate's golden goose around a little, but Mr. Sanders "takes the ax to the head of the golden goose and cuts it off," said David Britt, a Spartanburg County commissioner and vice president and general manager of Tindall Corporation, a locally based maker of precast construction components.

Many state and federal transportation projects in the United States require precast concrete suppliers to be certified by either the Architectural Precast Association, National Precast Concrete Association or Precast Prestressed Concrete Institute.

This is lightweight and has better thermal insulation. Precast is used within exterior and interior walls. By producing precast concrete in a controlled environment (typically referred to as a precast plant), the precast concrete is afforded the opportunity to properly cure and be closely monitored by plant employees. Using a precast concrete system offers many potential advantages over onsite casting.

The precast concrete products industry focuses on utility, underground and other non-prestressed products, and is represented primarily by the National Precast Concrete Association (NPCA). The precast concrete structures industry focuses on prestressed concrete elements and on other precast concrete elements used in above-ground structures such as buildings, parking structures, and bridges. This industry is represented primarily by of the Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute (PCI). In Australia, The New South Wales Government Railways made extensive use of precast concrete construction for its stations and similar buildings.

Based on studies in New Zealand, relating to Christchurch earthquakes, precast concrete designed and installed in accordance with modern codes performed well.Precast New Zealand Inc: Precast concrete and seismic issues According to the Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, precast panel buildings had good durability during the earthquake in Armenia, compared to precast frame-panels.

A precast concrete walled house under construction An example of low-quality precast concrete with exposed dowels, connectors, indications of cracks, and malformations, even during its installation. Barangay Lantic, Carmona, Cavite, Philippines Interior view of the walls, supports, and roof of a precast commercial shop. Utilities are preassembled into the precast components. Williston, North Dakota, USA.

In March 2007, Spancrete purchased Florida Precast Industries, Inc. The company, based in Sebring, Florida, produces precast concrete products for residential, multifamily, commercial, industrial, and institutional applications.

AltusGroup, Inc. is an international partnership of 17 precast concrete companies and nine industry suppliers founded in July 2003 to develop, manufacture and market precast concrete innovations throughout North America.Six form first-ever precast concrete partnership retrieved 2010-06-11 Innovations include the CarbonCast line of technology that uses C-GRID carbon fiber grid for shear reinforcing developed by Chomarat North America. Other exclusively licensed technologies include Graphic Concrete for imparting permanent images and designs into precast concrete walls and ARCIS, an ultra- thin precast panel for rainscreens, marine decking and more.

Spancrete is an American manufacturer of precast concrete products and machinery. Spancrete produces precast, prestressed concrete products that are used in commercial, industrial, institutional, residential and multifamily construction projects in the Midwest and Southeast. The company also manufactures and sells hollowcore extrusion machines that are used to produce precast concrete internationally.

The contractor was A.Monk and Company. The precast concrete units of the bridge were made by Kingsbury Concrete of Bassetlaw, Nottinghamshire. The construction with precast concrete allowed overall costs to be lowered.

Precast parking structure showing an interior column, girders, and double-tee structural floors. The two gray circles are covers to close the lifting anchor holes. Precast concrete building components and site amenities are used architecturally as fireplace mantels, cladding, trim products, accessories and curtain walls. Structural applications of precast concrete include foundations, beams, floors, walls and other structural components.

In 2006, an antitrust lawsuit was filed in California against CRH subsidiary Oldcastle Precast and three AT&T; affiliates. The defendants were alleged to have unreasonably restrained trade and conspired to monopolize telephone vaults for land-line connections. Plaintiffs challenged a contract requiring developers to purchase Oldcastle Precast product for properties served by AT&T; infrastructure. They contended the arrangement led to Oldcastle Precast capturing northern California sales of precast electrical vaults, which were often placed concurrently with telephone structures.

Mo-Sai is a method of producing precast concrete cladding panels. It was patented by John Joseph Earley in 1940. The Mo-Sai institute later refined Earley's method and became the leader in exposed aggregate concrete. The Mo- Sai Institute, an organization of precast concrete manufacturers, adhered to the Mo-Sai method of producing the exposed aggregate precast concrete panels.

Across the globe, Precast & Prestress operations are industry giants. Precast & Prestress producers can be credited for supplying the utmost critical segments utilized for world-wide infrastructure to include buildings, bridges, parking decks, road surfaces, retaining walls.

The Spancrete Manufacturers Association is an alliance of corporations that own Spancrete machines and produce precast, prestressed concrete. The group was formed in 1960 to promote the use of precast, prestressed concrete products and building systems worldwide.

The railing, installed in 1967, has a precast base and horizontal pipe.

Elematic designs, manufactures and supplies complete precast plants, machinery, equipment, and the related software for precast concrete industry. Precast concrete products that can be manufactured with Elematic's technology include hollow-core slabs, façade and partition walls, beams and columns, Acotec wall elements, piles, and TT-slabs. Main technology or machinery sold by Elematic includes extruders, slipformers, circulation lines, battery molds, tilting tables, batching and mixing plants, and concrete transportations systems. In addition, Elematic’s product portfolio includes supporting equipment for precast concrete production, as well as Plant Control production control system and shuttering Fastening Method system.

Precast concrete is a construction product produced by casting concrete in a reusable mold or "form" which is then cured in a controlled environment, transported to the construction site and lifted into place ("tilt up"). In contrast, standard concrete is poured into site- specific forms and cured on site. Precast stone is distinguished from precast concrete using a fine aggregate in the mixture, so the final product approaches the appearance of naturally occurring rock or stone. More recently expanded polystyrene is being used as the cores to precast wall panels.

The Gate Construction Materials division consists of two companies and operates throughout the eastern, southeastern, and midwestern United States. They are members of the AltusGroup national partnership of companies that provide precast concrete products and services. Gate Precast manufactures architectural precast concrete at facilities in Kissimmee, Florida; Monroeville, Alabama; Oxford, North Carolina; Ashland City, Tennessee; Dallas, Texas; Winchester, Kentucky and until they closed due to lack of market demand, Little Rock, Arkansas and Sarasota, Florida. Gate Concrete Products manufactures structural precast and hollow core concrete fabrication at facilities in Jacksonville, Florida and Pearland, Texas.

Typical concrete plants are used for ready mix, civil infrastructure, and precast applications.

"Thin Is In". Precast Solutions Winter 2007. Chusid, Michael. "Earth, Wind, Water, Fire".

Elematic Oyj is a Finnish company founded in 1959. It supplies production technology, machinery, equipment, software and knowhow for precast concrete industry worldwide. It is a world-leading precast concrete machinery manufacturer. 90% of its products were exported in 2019.

Both structures were erected from precast concrete blocks in 1901. Another distinctive structure is a small Flag Room, also constructed of precast concrete blocks. Also present are two garages, a workshop and public toilets. Some of the original fending is also extant.

Precast concrete production can be performed on ground level, which helps with safety throughout a project. There is greater control over material quality and workmanship in a precast plant compared to a construction site. The forms used in a precast plant can be reused hundreds to thousands of times before they have to be replaced, often making it cheaper than onsite casting when looking at the cost per unit of formwork.Allen, EA. (2009).

Precast parking structure showing an interior column which supports two girders, left and right. Double-tee beams hang onto the girders. Modern multi- story parking structures are built from precast/prestressed concrete systems. The floor systems are mostly built from pre-topped double tees.

The Schwörer Haus maintains in Veringenstadt a factory making fort massif houses, ceilings, precast concrete, chimneys.

This is a single-room structure, constructed of precast concrete blocks with a red tile roof.

The outer walls were also, in places, faced with precast concrete slabs with white marble aggregate.

The Precast concrete, also named as a PC component, is a concrete product that is processed in a standardized process in the factory. Compared with cast-in-place concrete, precast concrete can be produced, poured and cured in batches. At the same time, the precast concrete batching plant has the safer construction environment, lower cost, and high quality products; the construction speed can be guaranteed. In addition, it is widely used in transportation, construction, water conservancy and other fields.

Between 1917 and 1932, they erected 145 such buildings.Precast Concrete Station Buildings in New South Wales Longworth, Jim Australian Railway History, May, 2005 pp163-185 Beyond cladding panels and structural elements, entire buildings can be assembled from precast concrete. Precast assembly enables fast completion of commercial shops and offices with minimal labor. For example, the Jim Bridger Building in Williston, North Dakota, was precast in Minnesota with air, electrical, water, and fiber utilities preinstalled into the building panels.

Precast concrete transportation products are used in the construction, safety, and site protection of road, airport, and railroad transportation systems. Products include: box culverts, 3-sided culverts, bridge systems, railroad crossings, railroad ties, sound walls/barriers, Jersey barriers, tunnel segments, concrete barriers, TVCBs, central reservation barriers, bollards, and other transportation products. Precast concrete can also be used to make underpasses, surface-passes, and pedestrian subways. Precast concrete is also used for the rail ways of some rubber-tyred metros.

The building was the first Breuer-designed structure in the United States to use a precast concrete facade,Beckhard, "The Breuer- Beckhard Precast Facades," in Exterior Wall Systems: Glass and Concrete Technology, Design, and Construction, 1991, p. 158. and this was the first federal building to be built of precast concrete.Nelson, Guide to the Presidency: The White House and the Executive Branch, 2002, p. 972.Scott and Lee, Buildings of the District of Columbia, 1993, p. 239.

Kai Ching Estate Open space inside estate Kai Ching Estate () consists of six residential buildings completed in 2013. It houses around 5,200 flats for 13,300 residents and shares the "Ching Long Shopping Centre" with Tak Long Estate. Kai Ching Estate was built by China State Construction Engineering (Hong Kong). Like other public housing estates in Hong Kong, the construction of Kai Ching Estate made use of prefabricated components including precast facades and staircases, semi-precast slabs, and precast kitchens and bathrooms.

Fundamentals of building construction materials and methods. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.. There are many different types of precast concrete forming systems for architectural applications, differing in size, function, and cost. Precast architectural panels are also used to clad all or part of a building facade or free-standing walls used for landscaping, soundproofing, and security walls, and some can be prestressed concrete structural elements. Stormwater drainage, water and sewage pipes, and tunnels make use of precast concrete units.

The parts of precast concrete include multi-storey structural wall panels, interior and exterior columns, structural floors, girders, wall panels, stairs and slabs. The precast concrete parts are transported using flatbed semi-trailers to the sites. The structural floor modules may need to be laid tilted during the transportation in order to cover as large floor area as possible while they can be easily transported on the roadways. The modules are lifted using precast concrete lifting anchor systems at the sites for assembly.

An industrial park owned by Data Land Corporation. This hosts the precast manufacturing facility of the said company.

Today, taller retaining walls are increasingly built as composite gravity walls such as: geosynthetics such as geocell cellular confinement earth retention or with precast facing; gabions (stacked steel wire baskets filled with rocks); crib walls (cells built up log cabin style from precast concrete or timber and filled with granular material).

1959, World's largest precast prestressed concrete bridge completed, Roads and Road Construction, v. 37, n. 444, pp. 364–367.

It is essential that each structural component be designed and tested to withstand both the tensile and compressive loads that the member will be subjected to over its lifespan. Expanded polystyrene cores are now in precast concrete panels for structural use, making them lighter and serving as thermal insulation. Multi-storey car parks are commonly constructed using precast concrete. The constructions involve putting together precast parking parts which are multi-storey structural wall panels, interior and exterior columns, structural floors, girders, wall panels, stairs, and slabs.

Horizontal bands of windows wrap the second and third floors with fourth floor windows set into a grille of precast concrete. Below the windows of the second and third floors are precast concrete panels that also wrap the structure. The flat roof extends several feet on all sides to form a broad cornice.

Diagram of a concrete slab of hollow core construction Photograph of a hollowcore assembly A hollow core slab, also known as a voided slab, hollow core plank or simply a concrete plank is a precast slab of prestressed concrete typically used in the construction of floors in multi-story apartment buildings. The slab has been especially popular in countries where the emphasis of home construction has been on precast concrete, including Northern Europe and former socialist countries of Eastern Europe. Precast concrete popularity is linked with low-seismic zones and more economical constructions because of fast building assembly, lower self weight (less material), etc. Precast hollow-core elements is also known as the most sustainable floor/roof system and has far smaller CO2 footprint than even CLT slabs. The precast concrete slab has tubular voids extending the full length of the slab, typically with a diameter equal to the 2/3-3/4 the thickness of the slab.

Energy dissipaters constructed in precast structures play an important fuse-type role in concentrating damage and protecting the primary structure.

In honor of its 50th anniversary, the Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute went through the arduous process of selecting the Seven precast concrete "Wonders". Their choices were: the Department of Housing & Urban Development Headquarters in Washington, D.C.; Gulf Life Tower in Jacksonville, Fla.; Disney World Monorail in Orlando, Fla.; TransAmerica Pyramid in San Francisco, Calif.

In order to make early use of the staircase, precast concrete was used in the floor plates and the elevator shafts. Because of the pattern in which two days of steel-frame work were followed by two days of precast-concrete work, the staircase was completely operational by the time the framework was finished. On-site construction of the elevators was shortened by incorporating the 3-D frames, the rails, and anchor indicator boxes in the precast concrete elements and by employing prefabricated cages. The original target demographic were bachelor Tōkyō salarymen.

The final incarnation of Pontiac Central, a precast concrete building, was built in 1972, replacing a brick building built in 1913.

Wilkins et al., Proteome Research: New Frontiers in Functional Genomics. Page 14. Springer, 1997 (Germany) Commercial precast IPG gels are available.

Property Company of Friends, Inc. was put up last 1999 by a group of friends. Constructing homes with precast concrete technology.

The concept is where all major building components, including the structural frame and architectural cladding, are integratively designed with precast concrete.

Concrete Quarterly No. 1, July 1947. The Mineral Products Association has offices in London, Glasgow and Fron in Wales. QPA Northern Ireland is affiliated to the MPA and has offices in Crumlin, County Antrim. The British Precast Concrete Federation (BPCF), the trade Association of precast concrete manufacturers, is a member of the MPA and is based in Leicester.

Straight tendons are typically used in "linear" precast elements, such as shallow beams, hollow-core planks and slabs; whereas profiled tendons are more commonly found in deeper precast bridge beams and girders. Pre-tensioned concrete is most commonly used for the fabrication of structural beams, floor slabs, hollow-core planks, balconies, lintels, driven piles, water tanks and concrete pipes.

The structure's interior floors were also made precast concrete. However, the floors were almost made of more than-traditional materials. Late in the design process, GSA accountants estimated that the cost of precast concrete for the flooring would be exceptionally high, and GSA threatened to change the architectural plans. But after extensive discussions between GSA and Breuer, GSA relented.

Precast walls are walls which have been manufactured in a factory and then shipped to where it is needed, ready to install. It is faster to install compared to brick and other walls and may have a lower cost compared to other types of wall. Precast walls are cost effective compare to Brick Wall compound wall.

The folded plate spans about 40m between the two rings. The seating galleries are precast while the other cubicles are in-situ.

Underground vaults or mausoleums require watertight structures that withstand natural forces for extended periods of time. A precast concrete hazardous material storage container.

In 1998, the Kai Tak Airport relocated to Chek Lap Kok as Hong Kong International Airport, clearing the way for a redevelopment of the Kai Tak lands. In 2006 the Planning Department outlined plans to build two new public estates on part of this brownfield site. The two estates, called Kai Ching (啟晴) and Tak Long (德朗), opened on the former north apron in 2013/2014. Like other public housing estates in Hong Kong, the construction of Kai Ching Estate made use of prefabricated components including precast facades and staircases, semi-precast slabs, and precast kitchens and bathrooms.

Norah Head Lightstation is significant as a relatively intact complex of buildings constructed of precast concrete block. The lighthouse is one of only three precast concrete block lighthouses in Australia. The Lighthouse tower contains one of approximately 21 known Chance Bros. 3700mm lantern houses in Australia with original wind direction mechanism and a possibly rare Chance Bros. 2 panel, 700mm catadioptric flashing optic.

Double-tee roof structure of an indoor swimming pool In non-residential buildings, the roof structure may be flat. Structural concrete is an alternative for flat roof construction. There are three main categories for such method: precast/prestressed, cast-in-place and shell. Within the precast/prestressed concrete roofing, the double tees are the most common products used for roof span up to .

Some of them are- ★ Civil enginnering and architecture. ★ Construction and technologies. ★ Precast septic tank installation. ★ Property dealing or Real estate.

The versatility of architectural precast is well established and continually expanding due to the creativity of designers and innovation of precasters. The heavy weight of concrete panels remains a limiting factor, however. That entire gamut of aesthetic possibilities applies to studcast, in a package that can weigh only 20% of a typical precast panel. The fine texture of the concrete makes it well suited to architectural finishes.

A key component in building the tunnel was the readily available supply of precast deck segments nearby. The project required 1.6 kilometres of girders so Soncin, who was contracted by Fairmont Developments to construct the extension of Simcoe Street, built a precast facility on site. A total of 153 girders were produced in three months. Fifty-one girders were post tensioned and 102 girders were normally reinforced.

Leeton station opened on 6 March 1922 with a concrete drop slab station building, signal box and platform on the Down side just past the goods traffic level crossing. The precast concrete drop panel construction for station buildings became a standard railway construction method, particularly throughout the 1920s. Approximately 140 precast drop-panel concrete station buildings were constructed in regional NSW during 1919 - 1932.

Precast parking structure showing an interior column, girders and double-tee structural floors. The two gray circles are covers to close the lifting anchor holes. As multi-story car parks have become more common since the middle of the twentieth century, many constructions of such structures have been using precast concrete to reduce the construction time. The design involves putting parking structure parts together.

About half of the concrete used in the building was precast (roughly 22,000 separate components), and the other half was poured-in-place concrete. All of the concrete in the structure, except that of the columns, is mixed with a light, coarse rock. While the majority of the building is created using concrete, precast and poured-in-place concrete are distinguishable by their different colors and textures. For example, cast-in-place elements are coarse and grainy textured because the concrete was poured into fir wood frames to mold it, and precast elements, such as trusses and supports, were set in steel molds to gain smooth, clean surfaces.

Sky Cast Inc. was created to manufacture telephone poles. Ontario Concrete Products (OCP) began operations (2002) as a precast concrete pipe manufacturing company using robotic technology.

Over the Easter 2008 weekend precast engineering company Techrete moved their production facility from Howth to Stephenstown Industrial Park with their head office set to follow.

The project retained the original appearance of the structure but remedied damage to exposed aggregate precast concrete facade panels caused by expansive corrosion of steel reinforcement.

These parts can be large; for example, double-tee structural floor modules need to be lifted into place with the help of precast concrete lifting anchor systems.

Nineteen lighthouses in NSW are included in the now defunct Register of the National Estate. The lighthouse at Point Perpendicular,RNE 001619 was the first to be constructed using precast concrete blocks. The precast block construction was subsequently used at Cape Byron (1901) and Norah Head (1903). The Cape Byron complexRNE 000210 consists of a lighthouse tower with store rooms at base, a head keeper's cottage, and an assistant keepers duplex.

The St. Paul Manor Apartments is a 4-1/2-story U-shaped brick Art Deco structure containing 36 apartments. A commercial space is located in the basement. The main facades contain precast concrete/stone panels rising from a heavy precast base and stretching the full height of the building, topped with half round arches. These panels surround each window opening, and incorporate ornamental medallions and various relief trim panel styles.

An example of a precast concrete retaining wall. Precast concrete provides manufacturers with the ability to produce a wide range of engineered earth retaining systems. Products include: commercial retaining walls, residential walls, sea walls, mechanically stabilized earth panels, modular block systems, segmental retaining walls, etc. Retaining walls have five different types which include: gravity retaining wall, semi-gravity retaining wall, cantilever retaining wall, counterfort retaining wall, and buttress retaining wall.

The original bridge opened on July 2, 1955. It was destroyed by Hurricane Frederic in 1979 and was replaced by a fixed precast concrete segmental bridge in 1982. The central main span was the first use of a span on a precast concrete segmental bridge. On January 7, 2008, Vietnamese immigrant Lam Luong tossed four children, including three of his own, to their deaths off of the bridge.

The present art centre was built in 1967 in Brutalist architecture by the architects Konrad Beckmann and Brockes. They used commercially available precast concrete for the construction work.

Today, taller retaining walls are increasingly built as composite gravity walls such as geosynthetic or steel- reinforced backfill soil with precast facing; gabions (stacked steel wire baskets filled with rocks), crib walls (cells built up log cabin style from precast concrete or timber and filled with soil or free-draining gravel) or soil-nailed walls (soil reinforced in place with steel and concrete rods). For reinforced-soil gravity walls, the soil reinforcement is placed in horizontal layers throughout the height of the wall. Commonly, the soil reinforcement is geogrid, a high-strength polymer mesh, that provides tensile strength to hold the soil together. The wall face is often of precast, segmental concrete units that can tolerate some differential movement.

One of Kellogg's most celebrated works is the Hoshino Chapel in Karuizawa, Japan, which employs precast concrete arches and stone walls. It has become Japan's most popular wedding chapel.

Spancrete manufactures a variety of architectural and structural precast products, including hollowcore plank, wall panels, beams, columns, double tees, risers, balconies and landings, bridge girders, sound walls, and stairs.

Dorris works as a sales representative for Thompson Pipe Group in Dallas, TX. The company produces pipes and precast concrete forms for a variety of commercial and industrial purposes.

The bridge, also known as the Natchez Trace Parkway Arches, is the first segmentally constructed concrete arch bridge in the United States. The arches comprise 122 hollow box segments precast in nearby Franklin, each of which was about long and weighed between 29 and 45 short tons. The deck consists of 196 precast post-tensioned trapezoidal box girder segments, each typically long. The sections atop the crown of the arch are deep.

For reference, a six-inch panel of ordinary precast concrete weighs about 70 psf. The strength-to-weight ratio is high. The precast units can support their own weight and be lifted off the casting tables only 24 hours after casting, making cycle-time short and efficient. Large panel sizes are practical to cast and light enough to handle with lighter equipment, resulting in fewer panels to erect and fewer panel joints to seal.

A warm-up area was then created at the lower end of the all-weather pitch. In 2010, a shed from the old sugar factory in Carlow was re-erected as a stand and 2013, some benches were added around the pitch. In 2012, work started on a precast hurling wall and the redevelopment of the pitch-and-putt course into a fourth playing field. The hurling wall precast structure was erected on 30 March.

HFZ solicited plans from architectural firms including Morris Adjmi and Spivak Architects before settling on Chipperfield. The facade is made of precast, polished concrete, a choice Chipperfield made so that the structure would be aesthetically distinguished from new construction that employs glass as its facade. The New York Times referred to the facade as "[...] a touch that promises to make the building stand out". The precast material features marble and sandstone chips in various colors.

The house is constructed using eleven styles of precast concrete blocks, reinforced by steel rods. It has a total of 492 windows, which consist of glass contained within the precast concrete blocks. Instead of gutters, copper flashing and downspouts allow for water to run off the roof, which is protected by insulation, a rubber membrane and pea gravel. Two Wright designed gates guard a Cherokee red concrete driveway leading towards the house.

The structural system consists of precast concrete floorplates and a poured concrete core. The concrete grid on the outside of the building is the only support needed to hold up the structure, leaving the interior completely available for use. Each of the exposed beams consist of fourteen precast units held together with high strength post-tensioned steel cables. The beams cantilever 42 feet from the columns as they taper upward and inward.

There is some corrosion-related spalling to the reinforced concrete roof. ;Newcastle Reservoir No. 2 The reservoir stands in good condition, although the curtain wall addressing Tyrell Street and Brown Street exhibits some minor cracking along the upper edge, while some brickwork requires repointing. Some of the precast concrete plinth elements have been re-rendered. The steel reinforcement of the precast concrete cornice is corroded in some areas, giving rise to spalling.

Pabbi also a birthplace Mian Iftikhat Hussain Provincial Ex-Minister for information , sareer ahmad khan ex minister excise and taxation ,Sher Zaman Taizi was Pashtun writer, poet, intellectual and journalist from Pakistan. Pabbi is hub of precast concrete industries located at main GT road in Chowki Mumraiz. Currently, there are 43 precast concrete industries are functional in Pabbi which supply different items to the entire Khyber Paktunkhwa and to some parts of the Punjab.

An expansion joint is provided every 7 spans by means of a hinge segment at approximately quarter span. The segments were precast and erected using a two-span erection gantry.

Trenton is home to many large industrial facilities, including Solutia, Chrysler Trenton Engine Plant, the Trenton Channel Power Plant, Kerkstra Precast, and the former Vulcan Mold and McLouth Steel properties.

The cost increases were attributed to construction inflation and VAT increases, and also included the estimated cost of converting the facility for public use after the Olympic and Paralympic Games. The Centre was completed in July 2011 at a final cost of £269 million. By exposing the concrete finish rather than painting or cladding, the design demonstrates the precast-concrete skills provided by Peri. The precast floor terracing was manufactured by Bell & Webster Concrete in Lincolnshire, England.

The precast panels extend to cover the retail pod which does little to make the structure more visually appealing, and might even do it a disservice by making it appear more bulky than it really is. Architecture critic Larry Millett calls it a "big architectural oaf" and adds that the precast concrete panel cladding is "designed, quite successfully, to achieve maximum unattractiveness." The design of the tower is very similar to One HSBC Center in Buffalo.

Airey houses Developed by Leeds based construction magnate Sir Edwin Airey, it was easily recognisable by its precast concrete columns and walls of precast shiplap concrete panels.6172 - Investigation of Non-Traditional Concrete and Timber-Framed Properties - Structural Survey Report, South Cambridgeshire District Council Due to its variation of design, available with a flat or pitched roof, and with variations for rural or urban sites; it became one of the most prolific of the permanent designs.

Over one hundred years of mining activities at Cananea have generated huge manmade mountains of copper slag... thereby providing an ideal, low-cost alternative for supplying graded aggregates for inclusion within those various precast concrete products. Precast concrete products manufacturing promises to become a major industry in the region, and one which shall lessen the dependence of the Cananea job force on a local economy that historically solely has been dependent upon the mines remaining open.

Sometimes they are deployed to form a chicane to slow vehicular traffic arriving at military installations or other secure areas. The Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT) mandates specific design requirements for their precast concrete barrier walls. ODOT has marked all compliant precast concrete barrier walls with “350,” indicating that they adhere to the requirements laid out in the National Cooperative Highway Research Program's Report 350. Without this marking, a barrier wall is not approved for use in Ohio.

Geotextiles were originally intended to be an alternative to granular soil filters. The original, and still sometimes used, term for geotextiles is filter fabrics. Work originally began in the 1950s with R.J. Barrett using geotextiles behind precast concrete seawalls, under precast concrete erosion control blocks, beneath large stone riprap, and in other erosion control situations.Barrett, R. J., "Use of Plastic Filters in Coastal Structures," Proceedings from the 16th International Conference Coastal Engineers, Tokyo, September 1966, pp.

Precast concrete elements varying between 13 and 15 meters in length are placed between the towers, forming the spectator stands. A total of 6,300 precast elements were produced in the company’s production yard 15 kilometers away. The towers are connected on the top by a 2.50 m high and 2.00 m wide hollow concrete ring beam with a wall thickness of 0.35 m. The roof structure is fixed on 36 massive concrete points to the ring-beam.

It is believed to be the first lighthouse in New South Wales which was built of precast concrete blocks. The light was replaced in 1993 with a skeletal tower which is active.

The high-level platforms were rebuilt and lengthened between 2006 and 2010. The existing structures were replaced with new precast concrete segments, and new signs, lights, shelters, railing, canopies, and benches were installed.

In 2014, the Learning Hub achieved BREEAM Green Mark Platinum status, the highest environmental rating in Singapore. It also won the British Precast 'Creativity in Concrete' Award from the Concrete Society in 2015.

The ladder beam layout, using two main plate girders, cross-girders at centres and precast planks, was chosen both to optimise the deck and to minimise the size and number of the piers.

Peikko's product range consists of concrete connections for precast construction, concrete connections for cast-in-situ construction, composite beams and frame structures enabling slim floor structures, flooring products, and wind turbine foundation technology.

The construction of the third building, consisted of precast concrete floor slabs, metal roof deck on steel bar joists. All of the buildings were covered with a 5/8 inch fire rated plasterboard.

Tekla Structures is 3D building information modeling (BIM) software used in the building and construction industries for steel and concrete detailing, precast and cast in-situ. The software enables users to create and manage 3D structural models in concrete or steel, and guides them through the process from concept to fabrication. The process of shop drawing creation is automated. Along with the creation of CNC- files, files for controlling reinforcement bending machines, controlling precast concrete manufacturing, importing in PLM-systems etc.

AltusGroup emerged from a development initiative between Oldcastle Precast and Chomarat North America, formerly TechFab, LLC. Chomarat North America first conceived commercial grid structures using fiberglass roving and epoxy in 1997. It was initially named, “PetroGrid,” and introduced by Amoco Fabrics & Fibers Co. in 1998 to create geo-grids for the road paving market. In 1998-99, Chomarat North America and Oldcastle Precast entered a joint development agreement to explore the use of carbon fiber structural grids for use in concrete.

South Africa Architectural Record, November 1960. 12 Two types of concrete were used: normal aggregate for hidden structural work, and a special red granite aggregate for exposed surfaces which were subsequently bush hammered. Portal roof frames at approximately 12-foot intervals support precast purlins and -inch precast roof slabs, screeded with vermiculite and covered with copper sheeting on 2-inch felt insulation. The cathedral was designed with accessibility to all in mind, with a shallow gradient ramp incorporated at the End Street entrance.

The bridge was designed with a record-setting —the longest precast cantilever segmental construction in the United States. To reduce the construction time, the NJDOT selected the segmental precast concrete construction method for both the superstructure and substructure. The department estimated that by using this type of approach, it would reduce the duration of construction by at least one year and save millions of dollars in life cycle costs.Freyermuth, Clifford L. "Segmental Concrete Bridges; A Major 21st Century Alternative", Structure magazine, October 2005.

Green Isle Foods had a facility just outside Banagher and provided good employment during the 1970s and 1980s. It was taken out of production some years ago and is now used as a storage facility only. The largest industry in Banagher these days is Banagher Precast Concrete Limited, a company specialising in precast concrete structures. The company employs approximately 150 people and was one of the largest concrete firms in the country, employing over 400 people at its peak in 2008.

McCullough designed the structure in 1931. Built of reinforced concrete through a tied arch, the total length of the bridge is with a main span of . Ornate precast concrete railings run along the sides.

Medium-length structures of around , typically use precast- segmental, in-situ balanced-cantilever and incrementally-launched designs. For the longest bridges, prestressed concrete deck structures often form an integral part of cable-stayed designs.

The building is clad externally in precast concrete with screens of cast glass planks. Internally, the building features orange mosaic tiling and a large mural to Edmond Halley, who was born in the area.

Designed by Czech architect Erwin Katona, who left Czechoslovakia in 1938 to move to the UK, the design is a two-storey precast reinforced concrete design. The design was produced in Scotland by the Orlit Co, resulting in most houses being located in Scotland. On-site construction was based on a foundation which supported storey-high precast concrete columns at fixed intervals, supporting concrete beams fixed to the columns, resulting in a virtually monolithic frame. Faced externally with large concrete slabs, and internally with interlocking foamslag blocks.

The deck was constructed of precast concrete that was formed off site, which was then transported to the site before being placed atop columns constructed as part of the stations foundations. Precast concrete flooring was then put in place, held in specially formed ridges running the length of the beams. This upper deck was the most expensive structural element of the station, and was the cause of significant attention and consideration as part of the design and construction process. Whitfords station opened on 28 February 1993.

The platform and rear verandahs have timber posts with curved iron brackets. Timber panelled French doors and timber double hung sash windows have moulded surrounds. ;Platform A recent study by Australian Museum Consulting, commissioned by Sydney Trains, found that Queanbeyan Station is one of only eleven remaining stations in the New South Wales train network that has a precast concrete platform structure. All remaining precast platforms in the network are in poor condition or are likely to require reconstruction or demolition in the future.

In modern high rise building, the exterior walls are often suspended from the concrete floor slabs. Examples include curtain walls and precast concrete walls. The façade can at times be required to have a fire-resistance rating, for instance, if two buildings are very close together, to lower the likelihood of fire spreading from one building to another. In general, the façade systems that are suspended or attached to the precast concrete slabs will be made from aluminium (powder coated or anodized) or stainless steel.

The precast concrete industry is largely dominated by Government initiated projects for infrastructural development. However, these are also being extensively used for residential (low and high rise) and commercial constructions because of their various favourable attributes. The efficiency, durability, ease, cost effectiveness, and sustainable properties of these products have brought a revolutionary shift in the time consumed in construction of any structure. Construction industry is a huge energy consuming industry, and precast concrete products are and will continue to be more energy efficient than its counterparts.

Long Creek Bridge is a bridge that spans across Long Creek. It is from the Canada–United States border and from Estevan, Saskatchewan, Canada. The bridge was originally a wooden bridge that had reached the end of its useful life, and in 2009 work started on a new precast, pre-stressed concrete bridge as part of the federal government's National Action Plan. Federal Allocation of Funds The new bridge includes three 12.0-metre spans, a bridge deck and 12.0-meter precast, pre-stressed, concrete stringers.

In 1965 a standalone building was built on Central Ave. directly east of the 4000 Tower. As the headquarters of the Continental National Bank. The two story building had marble facing and a precast concrete waffle roof.

As a result of the collapse, building regulations were overhauled to prevent disproportionate collapse and the understanding of precast concrete detailing was greatly advanced. Many similar buildings were altered or demolished as a result of the collapse.

In 1992 along with the changes in the Finnish construction material industry, Partek and Lohja Parma Engineering, the leading companies in the field, merged their precast concrete production plants. Partek Concrete Engineering was created in early 1993.

This enabled the contractor to save 5 months of construction, as compared to using the conventional method. Precast staircases, prefabricated reinforcement for the core walls, beams and columns were also used to enhance the productivity on site.

However, by 2012, a Pennsylvania Department of Transportation bridge crew had replaced the bridge with a precast concrete box culvert. White Hall Creek was listed as impaired in 1998. The total maximum daily load date is 2011.

Both materials are widely available and relatively affordable; the benefit of studcast lies in joining them in a complementary and affordable manner that eliminates each of their disadvantages. Studcast is a hybrid precast wall system that is lightweight, sustainable, fast-erecting, and compatible with a wide range of designs and architectural finishes. These composite walls can be made with as little as two inches of concrete thickness, as compared to six-to-ten inches for the typical precast panel. Utilizing lightweight aggregate, walls can weigh as little as 18 pounds/square foot (psf).

The trusses were, in fact, paired with the sawtooth roof passing through them. They followed the Considère patent in form and method of reinforcing. The precast panels of the roof were also notable. (Their 1915 US Patent Application "Process of molding plastics" provides an insight into how they achieved such high quality precast panels.) The site is registered on the Victorian Heritage Register (VHR Number: H0587) Victorian Heritage Register, VHR Number: H0587 "Bow Truss Building (Demolished)" and was included on the Register of The National Estate (RNE 19070).

To complete the look of the four precast wall panel types — sandwich, plastered sandwich, inner layer and cladding panels — many surface finishes are available. Standard cement is white or grey, though different colors can be added with pigments or paints. The color and size of aggregate can also affect the appearance and texture of concrete surfaces. The shape and surface of the precast concrete molds have an effect on the look: The mold can be made of timber, steel, plastic, rubber or fiberglass, each material giving a unique finish.

The most interesting part of the station was the upper bus deck. The deck was constructed of precast concrete that was formed off site, which was then transported to the site before being placed atop columns constructed as part of the stations foundations. Precast concrete flooring was then put in place, held in specially formed ridges running the length of the beams. This upper deck was the most expensive structural element of the station, and was the cause of significant attention and consideration as part of the design and construction process.

The place possesses uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales. The station building at Leeton is considered rare as one of two examples of a surviving Ac5 type standard precast concrete station building in NSW, the other located at Willow Tree. Over 140 precast concrete buildings were constructed in NSW, and Leeton is one of approximately 24 extant. The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of cultural or natural places/environments in New South Wales.

It would be the first elevated main road to be built outside London, and the UK's second aerial motorway after the Hammersmith flyover.Concrete Quarterly Spring 1967 The road is 3,232 ft (985 m) long and has 28 spans of 105 ft (32 m), and two spans of 60 ft (18 m). The spans are made out of precast concrete, with hollow box-units post-tensioned to form a spine beam. Each of the 105 ft spans is made out of 14 precast concrete hollow box-units 7 ft 3in long.

Type I Portland cement is known as common or general-purpose cement. It is generally assumed unless another type is specified. It is commonly used for general construction, especially when making precast, and precast-prestressed concrete that is not to be in contact with soils or ground water. The typical compound compositions of this type are: 55% (C3S), 19% (C2S), 10% (C3A), 7% (C4AF), 2.8% MgO, 2.9% (SO3), 1.0% ignition loss, and 1.0% free CaO (utilizing Cement chemist notation). A limitation on the composition is that the (C3A) shall not exceed 15%.

The South Gallery is connected to the fountain by a precast concrete staircase. The galleries are also paved in granite. The north and south galleries are physically separated by AT&T; Plaza, which hosts Cloud Gate (The Bean).

Although Hart House appears to be of masonry construction, it is actually structural steel and precast concrete with grey sandstone cladding. The roofs are barrel vaulted wood beams. Wood and stone are the main materials used in this building.

It incorporates ideas and media such as the use of split face concrete cladding and precast windows with integrated sun shading which are of concern to Breuer in his Torin buildings as well as other buildings in his portfolio.

The office tower was additionally designed on a fixed module, allowing flexible partitioning of the space. The tower portion of Shaw Tower is staggered into three parts, with patterned sun-shading panels made from precast concrete lining its facade.

On this property, he built three houses using a precast concrete wall system. They sold immediately. About 1949, he purchased the west half of a farm on the north side of Horner Ave., west of, but not connected to Brown's Line.

The viaduct was constructed using precast concrete segments, which is widely used in the construction industry for medium to long span viaducts. Segments were made in a casting yard near the site and then transported for final assembly of the viaduct.

Verticality was further emphasised with the proportions of the windows which were slender and divided by precast concrete mullions. The stair towers have been compared with those of Charles Rennie Mackintosh at the western end of the Glasgow School of Art.

Studcast walls are prefabricated, ready-to-erect, high-performance concrete walls that weigh half as much as standard concrete walls. A hybrid between architectural precast concrete and panelized light-gage cold-formed steel framing, studcast walls combine the best features of each material in a way nullifies each material's weaknesses. They have been widely used as an exterior and interior wall system for over a decade. Studcast concrete was developed by combining the best aspects of two familiar technologies: the durability, fast erection, and architectural versatility of precast concrete and the light weight and high strength of panelized cold-formed steel stud framing.

Many organizations in the concrete industry offer scholarships for students interested in pursuing a Concrete Industry Management degree. The list below indicates the scholarships available. There are three scholarships available to CIM students. The first, National Precast Concrete Association (NPCA) Educational Foundation Scholarship, is offered to any high school student, high school graduate or current undergraduate who will be enrolling full-time in an academic institution for the year beginning in September following the date of application and whose course of study is in an academic field related to the building, construction or precast concrete industry.

The choice to start from Kapolei was made because the first phase must include a baseyard for trains, which is more cheaply built away from the center, and also because the city chose to delay construction in the urban center to later phases of the project due to associated major impacts to existing infrastructure and unpopular traffic delays. Precast bridge segments supported by cylindrical piers were used to construct most of the guideway (2015) To speed construction, the elevated trackway is built using precast concrete box girder bridge segments. This method was first used for MARTA in the 1980s.

Decorations may include using of covers to close the holes in the precast concrete that contains the lifting anchors, and installing facades to the exterior of the structures. In modern construction of the precast modules, there are other features to improve the strength of the structure. An example is to use prestressed strands on post-tensioned concrete for the construction of the shear walls. Another example is the use of carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer to replace steel wire mesh to lighten the load and yield more corrosion resistant especially for the cold-climate areas which use salt for melting snow.

It is long, with 8 spans, 6 of . The 2-cell H-section box girder is formed of 3 prestressed, post-tensioned segmented concrete flanged beams. The design was the first in this country to combine precast units into a continuous box girder.

Two very small parks exist on the triangular parcel of land, which are owned by the National Park Service. These open spaces were preserved, and overlaid with precast concrete pavers. Benches were added to permit public seating. Clark Construction was the general contractor.

Simmons Hall has been nicknamed "The Sponge", because the architect consciously modeled the shape and internal structure on a sea sponge. The building has 350 student rooms, 5,538 2-foot square windows, and is constructed of 291 customized precast, steel-reinforced Perfcon panels.

Damschroder, Cindy B., 1996. "The Gerald B Tonkens House: A Study of Usonian Automatic Architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright". Master of Art Thesis in the Department of Art History, University of Cincinnati, p. 30. Example of precast concrete blocks in the Tonkens House.

The trolley car poles were reused for street lights. Ramps between the bridge and the under-construction Storrow Drive were added. The 1924 sidewalk slabs were replaced by precast, prestressed slabs in 1962. The fifteen expansion dams were replaced or repaired in 1969.

The original 1881 platform face is constructed of stone with later brick extensions. ;Signal box (1925) Small precast concrete drop slab building with timber framed windows. The roof is gabled and clad in corrugated sheet metal. The station building retains a high level of intactness.

The Tarran was designed by building firm of Tarran Industries Ltd. of Hull. A wooden frame designed bungalow, over clad with precast concrete panels. 19,014 Tarrans were erected under the Temporary Housing act, but one- and two-storey variants were built in some numbers afterwards.

The company has acquired a number of projects in Qatar. These include the Gulf Mall at Al Gharafa, a VIP aircraft hangar at the Doha International Airport, a cold store warehouse, labour housing, a precast factory, an international school, and a giant logistics warehouse.

It had 15 employees. Elematic was part of Consolis Group, which was world’s leading supplier of machinery, equipment, production lines and complete plants for precast concrete industry. It had 150 employees in Finland, Germany and USA. In 2006 Partek sold Elematic to capital investors.

It has an award-winning outdoor landscaped area with seating and tables accented by bronze statues by sculptor Robert Graham, and floor to ceiling windows. The exterior of the building is composed of precast concrete with exposed aggregate surfaces and dual-glazed, solar bronze glass.

It was designed by firms Ellerbe & Company and JR Architect.Hyatt Rengency Lexington Emporis. Retrieved on 2010-09-24 Precast prestressed concrete planks were used as the flooring system. The tower structure utilizes 56 Pratt-type trusses, each 60 feet long, in a staggered configuration.

The surface of the bridge consists of 86 precast deck panels, each being approximately 2.64 metres long and 5.3 metres wide. The panels are held by 162 individual steel cables that are anchored on each side of the bridge. The bridge cost $24.5 million CAD.

Três Pontas has an Industrial park, with small and medium industries: fertilizer industry, agricultural machinery, fabrics, plastic ware, precast products, metalwork, furniture, roasting, baking, graphics, stills and other miscellaneous. Besides the growth of tourism in the region driven by the dam and farm hotels.

2, The Phanerozoic. p. 274. South Australia Geological Survey, Bulletin 54. The use of precast concrete panels for floor and wall construction has also increased. In addition to this, a significant factor in Adelaide's suburban history is the role of the South Australian Housing Trust.

The current bridge consists of I-shaped AASHTO girders and twin, five-span continuous precast prestressed concrete structures. Renovations to the northbound span occurred in 2005. In 2006, the southbound span was renovated. The bridge has a protected bike lane that continues onto Sherbrooke Street.

The front and western verandahs are supported by precast aluminium doric columns. Pairs of French doors on either side of the projecting vestibule have wooden shutters. Brick walls divide the interior into four rooms. The two front rooms share a back-to-back fireplace.

Much of the exterior is covered in dark shingles, referencing the local style. This is contrasted by sections of exposed precast concrete panels. Recesses in the facade are lined with either red cedar or large panels of glazing, inviting warmth and light into the interior.

Motorway under construction, below Pole Moor, in 1970 The arch is made of modular precast concrete sections, weighing . The construction contractor was Alfred McAlpine. Construction of the arch required of scaffolding tubing. During the winter there was severe ice build up on the scaffolding.

The concrete location huts are likely to have been constructed between 1917-1924 with precast panels manufactured at the Auburn cement works.Dawbin & Love, 2005 After closure in 1991, most of the internal equipment was removed from the signal box and the windows boarded up.

Linked to its commitment to sustainability, is Aggregate Industries' involvement in a range of innovative projects. These include Pipe Dream, an innovative high density, tunnel-style housing scheme, which has been developed by ZEDFactory Limited (developers of the first potentially zero carbon village in the UK) using precast concrete elements by Charcon Construction Solutions, which is an Aggregate Industries brand. Aggregate Industries has also been involved in the creation of England's first certified Passivhaus, Underhill Passivhaus, which is just outside Moreton-in-Marsh in Gloucestershire. Aggregate Industries is also exploring the potential of off-site manufactured housing, made with precast concrete, and insulating concrete formwork 'building shell' systems.

Panels of 9-foot clear height are common, but heights up to 12 feet can be found. A single-family detached home being built up from precast concrete parts The fabrication process for precast concrete sandwich wall panels allows them to be produced with finished surfaces on both sides. Such finishes can be very smooth, with the surfaces painted, stained, or left natural; for interior surfaces, the finish is comparable to drywall in smoothness and can be finished using the same prime and paint procedure as is common for conventional drywall construction. If desired, the concrete can be given an architectural finish, where the concrete itself is colored and/or textured.

According to Ruck, who enthusiastically promoted his design, the principal advantages of the machine gun post were that it could be quickly constructed by unskilled labour and made economical use of materials. The precast components could be produced at the rate of 70 posts per day and Ruck claimed that six unskilled men could complete three precast units in a day. Ruck also emphasised that his design made use of "some hundreds of thousands of tons of this material lying in stocks in makers yards throughout the country requiring no fresh drain on cement or steel". Ruck estimated the cost of a post to be just £40 [equivalent to £ in ].

The new viaduct is composed of 468 separate bridge deck sections, produced in a precast facility in East Tamaki.High, wide and ever so handsome - Newmarket Connection, Viaduct Replacement Newsletter - NZ Transport Agency, Issue 02, October 2009, Page 1 Over 150 people were employed directly by the project.

Teichert infrastructure and site development contractor and a construction materials producer. The company's construction services include mass grading, asphalt paving, concrete curbs and sidewalks, underground pipelines, and joint utility installations. The construction materials businesses produce rock, sand, gravel, asphaltic concrete, ready-mixed concrete, and precast concrete products.

Tradesmens' delivery route were facilitated, and the directions of rubbish disposal. He was familiar with new ways of working with reinforced concrete, and employed it to form the floor decks. Balconies were precast. The window sizes followed function, large for lounges and small and recessed for bedrooms.

The bridge is 1,100 metres long. It is made up of precast concrete segments lowered into place by a launching gantry. The bilevel main deck segments are eight metres high and weigh 120 tonnes each. The segments are held together with epoxy glue and high-strength steel tendons.

The lighthouse tower contains the original Chance Bros. 3700 dia cast iron and copper lantern house. This consists of segmental cast iron murette, cast iron framed copper clad dome, precast internal and external catwalks, Trinity (drum) vent, etc. A good example of industrial technology from the early 20th century.

Terminal 1 of the airport seen from the parking garage. The station is underground and directly in front of the building (2005) Construction began on connecting the airport to the S-Bahn network on 30 July 1998. The precast concrete tunnel was completed in the summer of 1999.

Cutaway illustration. Deep inclined (battered) pipe piles support a precast segmented skyway where upper soil layers are weak muds. Pipe piles are a type of steel driven pile foundation and are a good candidate for inclined (battered) piles. Pipe piles can be driven either open end or closed end.

The metal fasteners, joints, and internal steel frames remain dry, preventing frost and corrosion damage. The concrete resists sun and weathering. Some form of internal flashing or caulking must be placed over the joints to prevent drafts. The 1963 Cinerama Dome was built from precast concrete hexagons and pentagons.

Storage of hazardous material, whether short-term or long-term, is an increasingly important environmental issue, calling for containers that not only seal in the materials, but are strong enough to stand up to natural disasters or terrorist attacks.Precast Concrete Hazardous Material Containment A precast concrete armour unit (Accropode).

Although the plaza was devoid of plants, its shape and vast expanse were designed to relate aesthetically to the nearby National Mall. Deep-set windows in rectilinear shapes, a Breuer trademark, were planned for the facade.Williams, Southwest Washington, 2006, p. 67. The window frames were made of precast concrete.

Later he advanced the idea of building from precast concrete bridge structures. In 1912 he published "Курс железобетонных мостов. Конструкция, проектирование и расчет" which dealt with the design of reinforced concrete bridges, and the necessary parameters and calculations to be applied. This amounted to a detailed written instruction course.

The structure is a classic example of Brutalist architecture; its façade is dominated by large Precast concrete panels with narrow windows. The design was conceived by Buffalo architectural firm Pfohl, Roberts and Biggie's architecture firm with limited windows to keep the courtrooms and judges' chambers free from outside distraction.

All of the walls are of monocrete construction including interior ones. They are precast with steel windows and door frames set directly into the concrete. Steel plates in the ceiling space bolt the individual wall panels together. The floor and roof are of normal construction - wood and tile respectively.

All exterior ornament is precast concrete. Exterior finishes are rough trowel stucco and finished plaster. Roof treatments are Mission style red tile or composition shingles. Interior historic courtyard elements, fountain, seating and the main planter bed have been removed, however, the ornamental paving is in very good condition.

The bridges are on spread footing with precast prestressed concrete girders. Service roads and slip roads have been provided at grade. A sump pump was installed on the Liberty-side ramp to prevent rain water from flooding the area of the underpass. Drains were made for its disposal.

The eight-storey block on Kingsway, now known as CAA House, was also built using precast concrete blocks, with the addition of a row of central supporting columns. It was laid out with a large central office space and services and circulation at each end of the building.

The Amway Center Art Collection includes over 140 pieces of fine art paintings and mixed media originals, over 200 photographs, and graphic wall treatments highlighting both the Orlando Magic and the spirit of Orlando and Central Florida. Responsive to a challenging 876,000 SF program, the design intention of the Amway Events Center was to mediate its disparate context of elevated highways, central business district and low-rise housing. The simple, planar form of precast, aluminum and glass presents a timeless civic quality. The solidity of the precast and aluminum skin is punctured in carefully considered locations with expansive areas of glass including a crystalline entry lobby facing historic Church Street, blurring the boundary of inside and outside.

The Mineral Products Association (MPA) is the trade association for the aggregates, asphalt, cement, concrete, dimension stone, lime, mortar and silica sand industries. With the affiliation of British Precast, the British Association of Reinforcement (BAR), Eurobitume, QPA Northern Ireland, MPA Scotland and the British Calcium Carbonate Federation, it has a growing membership of 480 companies and is the sectoral voice for mineral products. MPA membership is made up of the vast majority of independent SME quarrying companies throughout the UK, as well as the 9 major international and global companies. It covers 100% of UK cement production, 90% of aggregates production, 95% of asphalt and over 70% of ready-mixed concrete and precast concrete production.

As at 18 July 2013, Leeton Railway Precinct is of state significance as an intact example of a large precast concrete station building and is one of only two similar examples in NSW. Over 140 precast concrete station buildings were constructed in NSW, and Leeton is one of only a few known examples of this scale. The construction of the railway station was an integral component of the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area (MIA) Scheme which provided the opportunity for new agricultural resources to be grown and freighted by rail to the rest of NSW. Following World War I, the town became a settlement for migrants and returned soldiers, who travelled by train to embark on a new life.

Per Aarsleff (UK) Ltd, known as Aarsleff Ground Engineering (previously Aarsleff Piling), is based in New Balderton in Newark-on-Trent. The UK site also contains Centrum Pile Ltd, and mainly makes concrete piles. The UK subsidiary was founded in 1991 and is the UK's leading supplier of precast concrete piles.

This permits all offices to have outside windows. There are no interior columns to restrict space layouts. The exterior originally used precast stone and mosaic tile panels and trim of gold anodized aluminum. Ground was broken on the tower on June 20, 1961 and it was completed by June 1962.

The building is more than 130 feet (39 m) high, and over 100 meters in diameter at the base. The green dome is made of fixed mosaic tiles from Italy, and the lower roof tiles are from Belgium. The walls of the temple are of precast stone quarried in Uganda.

Halit et al. showed that steam curing improved the 1 day compressive strength values of high volume fly ash concrete mixtures (40%, 50% and 60% fly ash by replacement) from 10MPa to about 20MPa which is sufficient to enable the removal of formwork and greatly aids the precast concrete industry.

The tram stables at Walton in Liverpool followed in 1906. The idea was not taken up extensively in Britain. However, it was adopted all over the world, particularly in Eastern Europe and Scandinavia. In the US, precast concrete has evolved as two sub-industries, each represented by a major association.

Until recently, tartan was still being woven in the original building. The premises are now a shop and visitor centre. A building occupied by Dick Precast Concrete is situated slightly south of Holm Mills. Additionally a large electrical substation is sited on Dores Road and this facility serves most of Inverness.

The structure of the stadium is a combination of insitu and precast concrete elements. There are 36 towers supporting the upper tier and the roof structure. These towers are founded on 140 bored piles with diameters of 1.30 m and 1.50 m in a depth of 8.00 m to 30.00 m.

The statue, which was commissioned by artist Blair Buswell, is twice life-size. Since Neyland is portrayed in the kneeling position rather than standing, the statue is tall (a standing statue would have stood tall). The base is and features Neyland's well-known seven Game Maxims engraved into the precast.

They added interior finishing and precast concreting into their company's brand. Alois married Helga Lehmeier who merged her family’s woodworking and glassworking skills into the Steinhauer business. Alois and Helga decided to immigrate to the United States, as the economy of post-World War 2 Germany was not ideal for their new family.

After 9/11, security was further increased. The north entrance, facing the plaza, was barricaded with jersey barriers and bicycle racks. All visitors entering the front and the back entrances must pass through metal detectors. City Hall was constructed by using mainly cast-in-place and precast Portland cement concrete and some masonry.

The upper levels were constructed from composite materials, structural steel, precast concrete and reinforced concrete, and the observation decks clad in aluminium with blue/green reflective glass. A structural steel framework supports the upper mast structure. During construction of concrete, of reinforcing steel, and of structural steel were used. The mast weighs over .

Glass fiber reinforced concrete (GFRC) is a type of fiber-reinforced concrete. The product is also known as glassfibre reinforced concrete or GRC in British English. Glass fiber concretes are mainly used in exterior building façade panels and as architectural precast concrete. Somewhat similar materials are fiber cement siding and cement boards.

In 2013 Elematic told about a new order for delivery of complete precast plant to Minsk, Belarus. The value of the order was about 9 million euros. 95% of the company’s production was exported and although recession had slowed investments in the Western countries, the developing markets still had demand for Elematic's solutions.

After the crisis, the British Government decided to make these a permanent feature, with a standard design of precast concrete trench lining. Unfortunately these turned out to perform very poorly. They also decided to issue free to poorer households the Anderson shelter, and to provide steel props to create shelters in suitable basements.

The new bridge is a box-girder structure built from precast, prestressed concrete sections, comprising 440 spans. Near the center, the bridge rises in an arc to provide -high clearance for boat passage. The remainder of the bridge is considerably closer to the water surface. The new bridge does not cross Pigeon Key.

The Carillon is a good example of the late twentieth century Brutalist style. Its use of strong shapes which are boldly composed, the diagonal line of the roofs, large areas of blank wall, use of precast non load-bearing wall panels and strongly vertical windows and openings are all features of this style.

Eventually, the bridge deteriorated to become functionally obsolete and was replaced in 2012 for $456,000. The new bridge had two wide lanes and wide shoulders and is a precast concrete box culvert bridge. The new bridge opened for traffic on August 27, 2012 and is predicted to last at least 50 years.

The precast concrete structures proved to be comparatively easy to erect to very close tolerances. On the isolator structures the various concrete members are bolted together using high tensile steel bolts to a pre-determined torque. All in situ concrete is eliminated from these structures. The circuit breaker structures were cast in situ.

A fireplace has been infilled in the centre of the southern wall. The upper floor has a timber floor and timber tongue-and-groove panelling on the walls. The ceiling (originally tongue-and- groove but since covered over) is of plasterboard. ;Platforms ( 1984) Platforms have modern precast concrete faces and asphalt surfaces.

Igualada Cemetery Santa Caterina Market () Exterior view of the Scottish Parliament Building in Edinburgh Debating chamber of the Scottish Parliament Igualada Cemetery (Cementiri Nou), 1993 - View towards entrance Igualada Cemetery (Cementiri Nou), Fall 1993 - View of precast concrete screens Archery Pavilion, 1992 - View of precast roof elements at change rooms Archery Pavilion, 1992 Enric Miralles Moya (12 February 1955 – 3 July 2000) was a Spanish architect from Barcelona. He graduated from the Barcelona School of Architecture (ETSAB) at the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC) in 1978. After establishing his reputation with a number of collaborations with his first wife Carme Pinós, the couple separated in 1991. Miralles later married fellow architect Benedetta Tagliabue, and the two practiced together as EMBT Architects.

Each segment weighs and measures (L×W×H, with length measured along the direction of the rails) , and the deck ranges in thickness from . Once the piers were erected, a pier bracket ram was placed and a launching gantry was used to bridge the span between adjacent piers; a deck-mounted crane lifted the precast segments onto the gantry, which supported them while they were tensioned together. In total, 430 of the 438 spans in Phase 1 were assembled using precast box girder segments, at an average rate of 1 to 2 days per span. Balanced cantilever construction over Interstate H-1 in 2015 For the eight long spans required to bridge the / Waiawa interchange in Pearl City, a balanced cantilever construction method was used instead.

61-63 By the 1970s the company was known as "Shaw Contracting". An offshoot was launched in 1973 as "Shaw Mix" which sold concrete and created and installed precast concrete panels. Shaw Mix were involved with the Launceston General Hospital and some cast concrete bridges but this line of work ceased during the 1990s.Snare, p.

On Friday 18 August 2017 a 50th Anniversary and Submariners Memorial dedication ceremony took place in the Northern Park. The official party included Minister for Defence Marise Payne and former Commanding Officers. The service dedicated a memorial that features a restored anchor from HMAS Oxley (S 57), sitting on a circular precast concrete plinth.

Like other buildings located at the SW1, the A1 is given a 5stars rating for its energy efficiency under the Australian Building Greenhouse Rating (ABGR) scheme. The precast concrete sunblades and extended eaves reduce solar access that penetrates through the window. Rainwater collected from the roof will be recycled for toilet flushing and irrigation.

The precast concrete block building is about long and wide. The stone-textured blocks have been painted white. The flat roof is concealed by a parapet, with a painted wood parapet at the corner. A wood porch extends along the south side, around the rounded corner of the building and halfway down the east side.

A metal-clad hipped roof form, unusual for high-rise designs of this era, adds a decorative finish to the tower. The interior entrance lobby features brick walls with patterned brick accents. Octagonal projecting teak light fixtures adorn the ceiling. Interior columns are covered with precast concrete panels similar to those used on the exterior.

This Plaza is complemented by Architectural Precast Concrete retaining walls, concrete stairs and walkways along with decorative concrete monument light pole bases. The remainder of the site is Greenscape consisting of Sodded open area with some 50,000 Kewensis, Sedum and Vinca Minor plants along with thirty-four caliper Japanese Pagota and Honey Locust trees.

The new bridge, features many enhancements enhancements, including a shoulder lane, an improved walkway, and better drainage. The new bridge is a total of 13 feet wider than its predecessor. The new bridge was built using precast concrete segments, and was the first bridge in the area to be built using this design method.

A precast reinforced concrete footbridge crossed the tracks at the station's eastern end, allowing easy access for commuters between the platforms. The footbridge is relatively modern, having been built in 1992, with access between the platforms in the 56 years previous only existing through the station's entrances on Beresford Street and Station Street, respectively.

The Morgan County Courthouse in West Liberty, Kentucky was built in 1907 and is the county courthouse of Morgan County, Kentucky. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976. It is built of large precast concrete blocks and its design includes octagonal corner towers. It is the fourth Morgan County courthouse.

The entire wall was coated in epoxy as a waterproofer. Nine steel girders acted both to support the pool above and the ceiling of the main exhibition hall below. These steel girders were nearly below ground to accommodate the pool's construction. On top of the girders were double- tongued, prestressed, precast concrete T-beams.

The bridge is wide, carrying a two-lane road, pavements, and parking. It has a central arch over the ravine that is around in length. It has light granite verticals, with reinforced concrete railings, and precast moldings. There are two access viaducts on one side of the central arch, and four on the other, both with closed masonry walls.

The pre-cast yard was located on reclaimed land. The yard catered to casting, storing and handling of 2342 concrete-steel pre-cast segments for the project. The storage capacity requirement of the yard was about 470 precast segments. As the area available was limited, the segments were stored in stacks of up to three layers.

The company is based in the western part (Aabyhøj) of Aarhus in Denmark, near the Søren Frichs Vej road. Aarhus is a port on the east side of the main part of Denmark. The headquarters is near the site of the NorthSide Festival (Denmark). Centrum Pæle, a subsidiary in Vejle, was founded in 1966, and manufactures precast concrete piles.

On 5 July 1986, the first Mandovi bridge collapsed. The main reason for failure was determined to be corrosion of the pre-stressed cable that attached the precast concrete segments to the piers. The debris of the bridge still remains in the river even after 30 years, it has seriously impacted the flow of the river.

Concrete also gives the benefit of allowing for small precast sections to be assembled on site, avoiding the challenges steel faces during transportation. One downside of concrete towers is the higher CO2 emissions during concrete production as compared to steel. However, the overall environmental benefit should be higher if concrete towers can double the wind turbine lifetime.Levitan, Dave.

Put into operation 6 November 1977 as part of the first section Chilanzar line. In the design and construction of the station used precast concrete. Floor slabs are hidden behind a false ceiling, lighting fixtures installed in the girders - the beams. Facing the station is made columns Nuratau white marble, the walls of the tunnel track - Gazgan reddish marble.

The upper tiers offer 1,000 places for observers and spectators. The public square, similar in structure to the assembly hall, has a huge roof covering the entrance to the complex. Apart from these two halls, all the structures in the complex are in reinforced concrete consisting of 12,800 specially shaped precast elements made up of 150 basic types.

MSE walls stabilize unstable slopes and retain the soil on steep slopes and under crest loads. The wall face is often of precast, segmental blocks, panels or geocells that can tolerate some differential movement. The walls are infilled with granular soil, with or without reinforcement, while retaining the backfill soil. Reinforced walls utilize horizontal layers typically of geogrids.

She has one sibling, Melissa Bidwell, and four half siblings from her father's first marriage: Howard (Bud) Bidwell, Marybeth (Becky) Bender, Susan Williams, and Tracy Bidwell. Banderas' father died in 2010. Bidwell was a Navy veteran and civil engineer who started his own company called Consolidated Precast, Inc. According to his obituary, he was married three times.

The Holden Beach Bridge carries NC 130 across the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway (ICW), connecting the town of Holden Beach to the mainland. The structure, built under contract to the North Carolina Department of Transportation, consists of 20 approach spans of Type III and IV prestressed concrete AASHTO girders and 3 channel spans of prestressed, precast box girders.

Mashinasozlar is a station of the Tashkent Metro on Oʻzbekiston Line. The station was opened on 6 November 1987 as part of the extension of the line from Toshkent to Chkalov. Architectural and artistic design of the station is made columns and precast concrete structures. Columns and ceiling of the hall are decorated with reddish-green marble Syon-Shusha.

Construction of the rail connection to the airport began on 30 July 1998. The precast concrete tunnel was completed in the summer of 1999. This connected to a 140-metre-long terminal platform, which is 55 cm-high and has tracks on either side. The station was opened with completion of the connecting line on 25 March 2001.

The nine-story brick and precast concrete condo has 68 units from one bedroom studios to three-bedroom penthouses. Dimension range from: 1 bedroom: 514–700 ft2, 1+1 bedroom: 700–800 ft2, 2 bedroom: 800–1300 ft2, and penthouse: 1260–2232 ft2. The units per floor each have different layouts. All have floor-to-ceiling windows.

A typical example of system built social housing in the United Kingdom from the 1950s to the 1970s, the Ferrier Estate was built using a system of precast concrete panels that were usually manufactured on site. It was a method similar to that used in the construction of the Thamesmead estate enabling residential buildings to be erected quickly.

The houses are one of a number of precast concrete systems listed in the Housing Defects Act. This meant that Government help for private owners was available in certain cases. Generally they are not accepted for mortgages unless repaired in accordance with certain prescribed methods. In the mid-2000s, one company began testing a refurbishment programme.

Accessed April 11, 2012 There is of retail space on the ground floor, and four underground parking levels. The facade is of polished granite and precast concrete in two colors. An atrium three stories in height with long arched steel trusses forms the lobby. The ceiling of the lobby consists of square decorative hollow beams and acrylic panels.

Norcon Rossi Establishment of a joint venture with Construtora Norcon to operate in the markets of Alagoas, Bahia, Pernambuco and Sergipe under the Norcon Rossi brand. Heavy use of technology in construction Investment in large-scale construction technologies, establishing precast factories in Brasilia (DF), Campinas (SP), Campo Grande (MT), Hortolandia (SP), Manaus (AM), Serra (ES) and Porto Alegre ( LOL).

The service tower rose above the roof of the main building. The building is of a steel frame construction, clad with aluminium, glass and precast aggregate concrete panels. The building is supported by 32 steel columns.Progress Bulletin No. 4, 1 December 1960 The ground floor was clad with black polished granite, and the lobby featured Travertine marble.

The threat of water seepage occurs around areas where the waterproofing layers have been penetrated. Earth usually settles gradually. Vents and ducts emerging from the roof can cause specific problems due to the possibility of movement. Precast concrete slabs can have a deflection of 1/2 inch or more when the earth/soil is layered on top of them.

777 Main Street occupies a prominent position in the heart of downtown Hartford, facing the Old State House across Main Street. It occupies most of the city block between Pearl and Asylum Streets. It is in height, with 26 stories. It is built out of concrete and steel, with its facades dominated by about 2000 precast window modules.

Pick-Staiger Concert Hall is a concert hall on the campus of Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois. The hall was named for Corinne Frada Pick, Pick's wife, and Pauline Pick Staiger, his sister and Staiger's late wife. The building was constructed mostly from precast concrete and glass and seats 1003. All seats have an unobstructed view of the stage.

It measured in length and had a diameter of . The shield was moved forward with twenty hydraulic pumps, moving it at a time. The tunnel received an outer precast concrete shell and an inner ring cast with formwork. The main concern was the up to thick layer of quick clay, which would stick to the shield.

The bridge formed part of the new Kwinana Freeway, which originally ran from the Narrows to Canning Highway."Narrows Opening", p. 27 This was described as the "most modern highway" in Western Australia, with a speed limit of . The bridge was also the largest precast prestressed concrete bridge in the world at the time of its opening.Anon.

Superior Walls of America, Ltd. is a company headquartered in New Holland, Pennsylvania, that specializes in the fabrication and installation of precast concrete foundation systems. It has installed more than 85,000 residential foundations through a nationwide distribution network since its founding in 1981. Inc. included the company in its 2007 list of the fastest growing private companies in America.

The Seohae Bridge () is a cable-stayed bridge that connects Pyongtaek and Dangjin, South Korea. Bridge construction started in 1993 and was completed in 2000 at a cost of 677.7 billion won. A prop (and some precast segments) fell on August 5, 1999 under construction due to Typhoon Olga. The bridge opened on November 9, 2000.

The buildings are joined by a two-level enclosed walkway. Underneath the building is a car park that originally had a mini filling station. The 16-storey tower was built using a façade of precast cruciform blocks of white concrete joined by dowels and dry grout."Space House Kingsway London", Concrete Quarterly, 74 (July–September 1967), pp. 36–38.

It is the first cemetery to become a national monument in Chile. In 2008, the National Monuments Council ran an architectural contest to revitalize Patio 29, and chose a project that would create a music plaza with seven copper columns linking Víctor Jara's tomb with Patio 29. The memorial is made of 3,032 precast concrete bricks.

The building was originally called NBC Bank Plaza, and is faced with precast concrete containing Texas granite and limestone. The city's riverwalk passes directly to the east of the building. The building and adjacent garages were completed at a cost of $80.9 million, at the time, the most expensive commercial project San Antonio had ever seen.

By the 1990s, the concrete above the arches was suffering from advanced Alkali-Silica Reactivity (ASR) attack. The 1996 rehabilitation project replaced the entire deck system. The decorative architectural elements were replaced either in kind using cast stone or replaced with architectural fiberglass reproductions. The viaduct over the railroad was replaced with adjacent precast/prestressed deck beams made continuous.

The state government offices is a strictly modernist building that expresses that of a "soaring wonderment" as per the guidelines of the competition that was held in 1962. The form of the building (1 treasury place) is rectangular and horizontal with a centralised square tower in the centre surrounded by void space consisting of walkways leading to the tower from the outer shell of the building. Its use of off grey precast concrete walls results in the facade of the building being expressed as a repeating grid made from the tall sections of precast panels and the chamfered rectangular window cutouts that complete the grid pattern. The grid like formation of the windows are in close relation to that of the window formation of the old treasury building.

These features include the use of structural steel frame clad in metal sheet split face concrete block, projecting blade walls and precast concrete window frames with integrated sun shading. The Torin building is an aesthetically distinctive as a fine example of Late Twentieth Century Modernist industrial architecture The design demonstrates an economy in plan form, bold architectonic expression and the repetition of industrial elements either as extruded sections or precast elements. The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales. The former Torin building has heritage significance at a State level as a resource for understanding the design intent, detailing, the choice of construction materials and techniques of this important international architect in the Australian context.

For primary devices where the device (and proper transitions) can be molded into the manhole barrel, the unit cost of a precast manhole is lower than that of a packaged metering manhole (although they lack the corrosion resistance and factory water- tightness of a packaged metering manhole). Larger primary devices (and transitions) that do not readily fit into a standard precast manhole barrel, either a larger barrel or a concrete vault must be used which adds cost. Packaged metering manholes, on the other hand, can integrate primary devices that are larger than the manhole barrelwith any portion that doesn't fit inside the manhole barrel extending upstream or downstream as necessary. Those portion that extend upstream / downstream of the barrel are manufactured with integral covers and laminated into the manhole structure.

The extension is constructed in grey brick, ashlars stone slabs and precast concrete cladding. A large abstract concrete mural symbolising the turmoil and chaos of the outside by William Mitchell stands at the members entrance."150 Years Of Architectural Drawings", Hadfield, Cawkwell, Davidson, Brampton Print and Design, , page 104, Gives details of extension."Sheffield‘s Remarkable Houses", Roger Redfern, , page 20, Gives historical details.

The pier stems are founded on concrete pilecaps, whose shells were precast and infilled with in-situ reinforced concrete. The reinforced concrete pier stems support pierheads which contain bearings and seismic devices. These allow movement of the deck under normal loading conditions but lock in the event of an earthquake to limit overall seismic loads through the structure and minimise damage.

The Egyptian House at Moulsford, Berkshire Sited on the Isis, close to Oxford, the Egyptian House was built in 1998–99 by to the designs of the architect John Outram.John Outram The design provides a modern rendering of Egyptian motifs. The house is constructed in blockwork, with precast concrete "beam & pot" floors. The roof is framed in timber and clad in copper sheet.

A palette of coloured render was developed with a scraped finish, all incorporating black and white flecks to enliven the texture. Extensive use is also made of black, white and cream precast concrete elements. The windows are aluminium clad timber. A central watercourse runs down towards the river through four "Sphinx Pools", with pairs of sphinx sculptures on either side.

Walls on the track were faced with white marble. The station was decorated in themes based on ancient cities near Moscow by the painter Lyubov A. Novikova () and the sculptor T. B. Taborovskaya. 1983, Chertanovskaya station was a solo shallow column project designed by Aleshina. It was constructed of precast, reinforced concrete for which Aleshina personally oversaw the concrete and finishing work.

The base of the building is made of granite and precast concrete. The tower facade is made of brick. The building is crowned by a copper roof and glass pyramid known as "David's Diamond" after the architect, David Childs. A mid-block public plaza separates One Worldwide Plaza from the residential buildings of Two Worldwide Plaza and Three Worldwide Plaza.

Palacio de Correos de Mexico. In the early part of the 20th century, amateur ship model kits became available from companies such as Bassett-Lowke in Great Britain and Boucher's in the United States. Early 20th century models comprised a combination of wooden hulls and cast lead for anchors, deadeyes, and rigging blocks. These materials gradually gave way to plastic precast sets.

The construction of Point Perpendicular lighthouse in 1897 brought a significant change to lighthouse construction in the colony. In an effort to reduce the cost of building in remote areas, a standard design was developed using precast concrete blocks and local aggregates. After the completion of Point Perpendicular lighthouse, similar structures were erected at Cape Byron in and at Norah Head.

The building is constructed of the same precast concrete blocks, unpainted. A number of changes occurred including the replacement of the roofing with concrete tiles, chimneys have been demolished. Two small fuels stores are located near the assistant keepers quarters, constructed as fuel stores, with earth closet and sink. They are of concrete block construction with terracotta tiles roofs in the marseilles pattern.

Moda Center is a precast concrete-framed structure with a roof made up of skeletal steel. The arena structure encloses a total of over , on eight levels, five of which are open to the public. The building height is , from the event floor to the pinnacle of the saddle-shaped roof. The arena includes a permanent stage, and a ice rink.

River Rouge is also seeing a major push into the redevelopment of the existing housing stock, with numerous families and investors attracted to the high demand for quality family housing there. River Rouge welcomes major businesses; these include local and international presences in steel, lime, petroleum/lubricants/ethanol, recycling/resource recovery, precast concrete manufacturing, shipping and terminals, all located in River Rouge.

The da Vinci Bridge in Norway, completed in 2001, is almost completely constructed with glulam. The Kingsway Pedestrian Bridge in Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada, is constructed of cast-in-place concrete for the support piers, structural steel and glulam for the arch, a post tensioned precast concrete walking deck, and stainless steel support rods connecting the arch to the walking deck.

In 1959 Toijalan Teräsvalmiste (TTV) was founded by brothers Pentti and Pauli Virtanen. The company started to manufacture equipment and machinery for precast concrete industry. From early on the company was interested in international markets and in 1969 a German subsidiary Finn Elematic Baugeräte GmbH was founded in Nidda, near Frankfurt. Elematic’s first hollow-core machine was completed in the beginning of 1970s.

In addition to the cathedral, Kurke also designed the nearby Bishop's Residence. The two-story, concrete, Art Deco structure was built at the same time as the cathedral. The grade school was completed in 1951. The two-story building features a flat roof, precast concrete panels, and two horizontal window bands that run about two- thirds of the width of the facade.

North Pier Apartments is a 581 ft (177m) tall skyscraper in Chicago, Illinois. It was completed in 1990 and has 61 floors. Dubin Dubin Black and Moutoussamy designed the building, which is the 43rd tallest and the tallest precast concrete panel clad building when completed, in Chicago. The buildings façade has dark gray, maroon, and pink panels in an abstract pattern.

The First Aqueduct, built of two parallel precast concrete pipes, ranging in diameter from , branches from the Colorado River Aqueduct in San Jacinto, California just north of the San Jacinto River, continuing south to its terminus at San Vicente Reservoir. There are seven tunnels on the First Aqueduct, which range in length from . The total capacity of the First Aqueduct is .

It involved precast concrete studs and beams supporting concrete slab floors and concrete stucco over wire mesh walls. During the 1930s his company, Concreter Corporation, constructed several concrete houses with his technique. Nordlund House in Denver, where he had breakfast nook seats and kitchen cabinets and counters made of concrete. Johnson's Corner gas station in Longmont is another example of his concrete construction.

The landscaped square is paved with a combination of granite and precast concrete block pavers arranged in different patterns. Its walkways are lined with densely planted trees. There is a water feature consisting of a tall outlet of water falling from a wall into an ornamental pond. Water also flows through an artificial stream beside the walkway to Bay Street.

In new construction, plan dimensions usually are sufficient for ordering many fabricated items such as structural steel or precast concrete. In remodeling and renovation work, it is essential that field dimensions be verified prior to fabrication. Some fabricators, such as cabinet and casework suppliers, prefer not to rely on the contractor’s verification and will verify the dimensions with their own personnel.

These precast forms, extending horizontally, give a modest "Southwestern" or "American Indian" flavor to the building. During the renovation, walls and coverings were stripped away to reveal 1950s features. Drywall was removed from guest room walls to highlight the original masonry bricks. Walls partitioning the central lobby were torn down to open up Varney's intended connection between the indoor and outdoor public spaces.

The core contained a stair column and the lift and service shafts. One- bedroom flats were in area and two-bedroom flats were . The building was innovative, as most LCC tower blocks used traditional brick work for infill whereas here precast insulated concrete blocks were used, giving the walls an unusual texture. The ten exterior concrete columns were also unusual.

Precast water and wastewater products hold or contain water, oil or other liquids for the purpose of further processing into non-contaminating liquids and soil products. Products include: aeration systems, distribution boxes, dosing tanks, dry wells, grease interceptors, leaching pits, sand-oil/oil- water interceptors, septic tanks, water/sewage storage tanks, wet wells, fire cisterns, and other water and wastewater products.

Vaillancourt Fountain, sometimes called Quebec libre!, is a large fountain in Embarcadero Plaza in San Francisco, designed by the Québécois artist Armand Vaillancourt in 1971. It is about high and is constructed out of precast concrete square tubes. Long considered controversial because of its stark, modernist appearance, there have been several unsuccessful proposals to demolish the fountain over the years.

Such close supervision was unusual, and the Tonkens House was the first Usonian Automatic structure to be solely directed by a Taliesin fellow. The home incorporated Wright's iconic precast concrete blocks. These were made using metal molds into which concrete was poured and then set. The Tonkens house is built using eleven block variations, which allowed for infinite modifications to the design.

A typical example of system built social housing in the United Kingdom from the 1950s to the 1970s, the Larner Road Estate was built using a system of precast concrete panels that were usually manufactured on site. It was a method similar to the one that was used in the construction of the Thamesmead estate enabling residential buildings to be erected quickly.

The Ardea received an Excellence in Concrete Award in 2009 for the unique application of precast that runs up the exterior of the building in two vertical bands on both the north and south faces. Upon final review, this building is anticipated to receive LEED Gold status in the U.S. Green Building Council's Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) program.

Oxford is home to Revlon's largest manufacturing facility, as well as its IT/IS department. CertainTeed has a roofing supplies plant in the city, Bailey Farms Inc Chile Pepper Grower & Distributor, Macra Lace Textiles, Shalag nonwoven hygienic fabrics, Gate Precast Concrete, Ideal Zipper, AWNC Toyota transmission manufacturing, Masonic Home for Children, and Biofuels Center of North Carolina are located in Oxford.

An entirely new roadway deck was installed in 1986-87. The new road deck was a bonded post-tensioned concrete deck in width. The roadway width remained the same, but the extra deck width allowed the sidewalks to be widened to . The 1955 railing was removed, and a precast concrete parapet high with recessed panels between the balusters was installed.

A distinctive feature of the square are two elongated canopies cantilevered from black precast-concrete fins, with names punched through the canopy of the trading cities and ships that used to visit the nearby dock. The square also features the sculpture 'Landed' by Les Johnson on its eastern end. It was unveiled in 2009 at a cost of over £250,000.

Between the buttresses are precast concrete panels with foiled heads. The central panel is infilled with leaded glass. The vestry roof has a central, raised pinnacle which also forms one end of the gable of the nave. The bell tower, located on the Oxley Road side of the front elevation, is square in plan and capped with an eight-sided spire.

A ramp leads up to this opening where it is met by decorative timber gates. Tesselated tiles cover the floor of the bell tower. The doors to the church lie at right-angles to the arched opening and gates. Above the doorway on the ground floor are precast concrete panels with foiled heads, surmounted by a horizontal panel with recessed quatrefoil motif.

Tekla Structures is used in the construction industry for steel and concrete detailing, precast and cast in-situ. The software enables users to create and manage 3D structural models in concrete or steel, and guides them through the process from concept to fabrication. The process of shop drawing creation is automated. It is available in different configurations and localized environments.

The original nursing home complex was a 1,906 sq ft (177 m²) brick building consisting of two floors. In 1959, a second building was added to the rear which includes a garden. The addition increased the size of the complex to 5,179 sq ft (481 m²). The addition was built with precast concrete floor and roof slabs connected to steel beams and columns.

Crews fabricated and cast these panels at an on-site precast yard. To anchor these upstream forms during RCC placement and compaction, permanent anchors extending back into the RCC were attached to the inside face of each form panel. Additionally, temporary exterior steel stiffbacks were installed to provide additional support. Overall, the design utilizes close to 1,100 of the panels.

Not all formwork was on the outside of the dam. The Hickory Log Creek dam includes an inspection/drainage gallery which has been constructed deep within the dam itself. This gallery has a width of and a height of . The walls were formed during RCC placement using removable metal forms; gallery ceiling was constructed using precast reinforced concrete roof panels.

The facade is made of precast concrete that was sandblasted to expose the beige Texas limestone aggregate. The lobby of the Equitable Life Building hosts art in its vitrines. This space is called Equitable Vitrines. These vitrines have hosted art including Jennifer Moon's Will You Still Love Me: Learning to Love Yourself, It Is The Greatest Gift of All in 2014-2015.

The building was constructed in the years 1929 and 1930 by the building firm James Porter & Sons and to a design by Eric Heath. The brickwork facade is rendered in a rough cast stucco giving an exaggerated texture. The raised decorative detailing is in precast concrete. There are five floors including a basement and the three storey facade above the awning is symmetrical.

Philip Johnson's design is a cenotaph, or empty tomb, that symbolizes the freedom of Kennedy's spirit. The memorial is a square, roofless room, tall and square with two narrow openings facing north and south. The walls consist of 72 white precast concrete columns, most of which end above the earth. Eight columns (two in each corner) extend to the ground, acting as legs that support the monument.

An overhead gantry crane with self-launching capability was custom built on the site to lay the superstructure of the precast segments. The Pre- Cast segments are joined together using high strength epoxy glue with nominal pre-stressing initially. The end segments adjacent to the pier are short segments "cast-in-situ joints". Geometrical adjustments of the span are made before primary continuous tendons are stressed.

Steel corrugated culvert with a drop on the exhaust end, Northern Vermont Culverts can be constructed of a variety of materials including cast-in-place or precast concrete (reinforced or non-reinforced), galvanized steel, aluminum, or plastic (typically high-density polyethylene). Two or more materials may be combined to form composite structures. For example, open-bottom corrugated steel structures are often built on concrete footings.

In 1891 Jickell estimated that the cost would be about £8,000, but it proved more difficult and expensive than expected, and the final cost was almost £12,000. Work began on site in early 1892. The seawall was constructed from large rectangular rebated precast concrete blockwork. Cecil Nash, a pioneer of the Nelson tobacco industry, is said to have made the concrete blocks near Albion Wharf.

Opened in 1962, this was Charlotte's second station to be served by the Southern Railway, now part of Norfolk Southern. It was designed by local architectural firm Walter Hook Associates, Inc. The structure was designed to be constructed quickly and therefore included the use of an exposed precast concrete framing system. A separate mail building (freight depot) and boiler house were also constructed northeast of the station.

The tunneled passages into the park frame certain sculptural elements, as do the reflections in the pools. However, Holt made sure not to alienate the park entirely from its surroundings. The spheres are made of gunite (a sprayable mixture of cement and sand), asphalt, precast concrete tunnels, steel poles and stone masonry. These materials relate the park to the buildings located near the artwork.

The Dolan Creek Bridge south of Slates Hot Springs was a three-pinned arch design built from redwood timber in 1934–35. It was replaced by a precast concrete girder bridge in 1961. Six of the 29 bridges built along the Carmel–San Simeon Highway during its construction. (Counterclockwise, from upper left) Lime Creek, Torre Creek, Dolan Creek, Burns Creek, Mal Paso Creek, Bixby Bridge.

Cordogan, Clark & Associates has been the recipient of a number of awards, including those from the American Institute of Architects, the Precast Concrete Institute and Community Beautification Awards. CCA has also won several national and international design competitions and has been recognized for several sustainable projects, including the Aurora Police Headquarters in Aurora, IllinoisSchaeffer, Julie. "Sustainability's Second Coming." GB&D; Magazine (January 2011): 81-82.

St. Mary's Bridge is the main bridge to the centre of Drogheda. It was, for hundreds of years, the site of the only bridge at Drogheda. It is at the meeting of the two major south side roads the N51 and the Marsh Road. It was reconstructed in precast prestressed concrete by the Office of Public Works in 1983, replacing a masonry two-arch structure.

Concrete piles are typically made with steel reinforcing and prestressing tendons to obtain the tensile strength required, to survive handling and driving, and to provide sufficient bending resistance. Long piles can be difficult to handle and transport. Pile joints can be used to join two or more short piles to form one long pile. Pile joints can be used with both precast and prestressed concrete piles.

Ferguson Transport web site. In 2006, Leiths (Scotland) Ltd commenced quarrying operations on the site, supplying concrete for precast blocks for the Raasay Ferry Terminal. Leiths and Ferguson Transport have created a new joint venture company, Kishorn Port Limited to promote the regeneration of the Yard and the dry dock as a manufacturing centre for the offshore renewables industry. Kishorn Port Ltd web site.

The bridge is a dual, tied arch bridge or bowstring bridge. It has a pair of continuous, differently-sized structural steel arches with suspended precast concrete decking and one asymmetrically placed river pier. The tapering arches with a trapezoidal box section are fabricated from weathering steel plate. Each of the arches bifurcates within the spans to form a double rib over the river pier.

The tunnel is made up of three sections: twin land tunnels on the north shore, twin land tunnels on the south shore and a immersed tube (IMT) structure. The tunnel falls about from the northern entrance and about from the southern entrance to its deepest point, below sea level. The construction was undertaken by Thiess Contractors. The IMT structure consists of eight precast concrete units.

The house itself is a two- story, three-bay structure of 18-inch–thick () load-bearing precast concrete blocks faced in stucco. It is topped by a steep polychromatic hipped roof shingled in a fish-scale pattern. The northern bay of the main block rises to a peaked tower above the roof. A one-story northern wing has a mansard roof pierced by gabled dormer windows.

129 West Trade, Charlotte 129 West Trade is a skyscraper in Charlotte, North Carolina. It was built in 1958 and has 15 floors. The building is clad with 3,822 - 2,000 pound (890 kg) precast concrete facade panels which measure 5.5 by 6 feet (1.6 by 1.8 m). This building was home to the Wachovia Charlotte office prior to 1975, when the bank moved to 400 South Tryon.

For the first bore, 1932 rings were installed, using 15,456 precast concrete lining segments (8 per ring). The TBM excavated of earth at an average speed of per day. Excavation of the second bore began on 26 September 2012 and finished on 25 February 2013. The of earth excavated during tunneling was used to construct embankments in nearby sections of the LGV Est line.

The building was built for a capacity of 1,000 users and 1 million volumes. The structure consists of a steel frame and concrete slabs, and the exterior is composed of precast concrete panels that were bush-hammered for texture. Concrete was chosen as the material because concrete allowed for the most economical implementation of the special shapes required for the recessed windows and splayed reveals.

Between of the arcade on the ground floor is a central feature consisting of perpendicular piers running up three storeys. Around the central feature, which projects slightly from the frontage, is an acanthus leaf border worked in precast concrete. A white stucco frieze of interlocking discs frames the panel. There is 18,000 feet of floor space in the building arranged around an air-well.

Vaillancourt Fountain, Justin Herman Plaza SF The fountain is about high, weighs approximately , and is constructed out of precast concrete square tubes. The fountain is positioned in a pool shaped like an irregular pentagon, and is designed to pump up to of water per minute. The fountain looks unfinished, like concrete that has not been completely mixed. Up close, it is very rough and textured.

The outside of the building is covered in of cream coloured precast concrete cladding panels which attempt to replicate the appearance of Wiltshire stone. There are six floors providing a total of of floor space. It was built by Carillion at a cost of £148 million; it started providing services to patients in 2002 and was formally opened by HRH Prince Philip on 28 February 2003.

Dawg Pound in 2016 The stadium was designed by Populous, which was known at the time as the Sport Venue Event Division of Hellmuth, Obata & Kassabaum (HOK). Indianapolis-based Huber, Hunt & Nichols was the construction manager. The stadium is a concrete and glass structure, using precast concrete and cast in-place for the upper concourse. Natural stone accents were used at the base of the stadium.

Also known as "mechanical couplers" or "mechanical splices", mechanical connections are used to connect reinforcing bars together. Mechanical couplers are an effective means to reduce rebar congestion in highly reinforced areas for cast-in-place concrete construction. These couplers are also used in precast concrete construction at the joints between members. The structural performance criteria for mechanical connections varies between countries, codes, and industries.

An overhead crane, featuring runways, bridge, and hoist in a traditional industrial environment. Gantry-style overhead crane at the Skanska precast concrete factory in Hjärup Overhead cranes of the Hainaut carries in Soignies (Belgium). An overhead crane, commonly called a bridge crane, is a type of crane found in industrial environments. An overhead crane consists of parallel runways with a traveling bridge spanning the gap.

This was possible because of energy efficient technologies and innovations throughout the plant. The plant's buildings have been designed to maximise natural light during the day and a selection of high thermal materials (e.g. solid precast concrete walls and insulation) to improve thermal properties, thereby minimising energy consumption. More specifically, solar photovoltaic cells have been placed on the reverse osmosis buildings for localised power generation.

Viera pioneered the construction sequence now typical for concrete segment bridges of this type. After placement of the principal cables, precast concrete tiles were placed to form the initial structure. The cables were then prestressed by loading sandbags upon the tiles, followed by final concretization of the gaps between tiles. Removal of the sandbags then compressively stressed the concrete structure, enhancing its stiffness and durability under load.

The bungalows were an extremely popular form of housing among students before the renovation work started. The reinforced concrete precast newly built mini houses are oriented substantially to the original bungalows of 1972. In the planning for the new construction of the bungalows, Werner Wirsing one of the old architects, was involved. The residents have a two-storey maisonette apartment, which has a kitchenette, bathroom and terrace.

The auditorium ceiling ranges from a height of above the stage to at the rear wall. The walls of the stage are covered in a light-colored wood and feature box seats. Suspended above the stage originally were 52 precast concrete "clouds" which helped diffuse sound. In 1990, management added an extensive set of sound diffusers to improve the sound that the musicians heard on stage.

The Seri Bakti Bridge () is one of the main bridges in Putrajaya, Malaysia. The bridge links the secondary road to Seri Satria, the Deputy Prime Minister's Residence, connecting the Government Precinct in the north to Precinct 16 in the south. The concept design was developed from several shorter span, with a precast pretension "Super-T" beam slab deck with spans up to . The total structure length is .

The pillars measure at the base. The deck superstructure is composed of a precast central spine and two cantilever wings on either side connected to the central spine by concrete stitching and transverse pre-stressing methods. The pedestrian, and two and three-wheeler underpasses on the Western Express Highway were constructed with pre-cast box cells. The approaches on either sides were built with reinforced earth walls.

The beams were manufactured over a six-week period Tarmac Precast's Henlade site. The service road will be tarmac, lined with precast concrete kerbs, separating the road from the concrete pavement for pedestrians.Viaduct Bay Study Sheet 1 OP/208 – Planning application number: C/00317/06/RES, submitted 25 January 2006 (Accessed 2007-11-24) The concrete deck that will carry the West Midlands Metro will be thick.

The site is generally lawned with hard paved areas for carparking and pedestrian pathways. The Cape Byron Lighthouse is a circular tower, approximately 22m in height to the top of the lantern. Built of precast concrete blocks on a mass concrete foundation, the tower includes a concrete circular staircase with metal balustrade to its upper chambers and second floor. A metal staircase continues to the lantern room.

The Polychrome Historic District is a national historic district in the Four Corners neighborhood in Silver Spring, Montgomery County, Maryland. It recognizes a group of five houses built by John Joseph Earley in 1934 and 1935. Earley used precast concrete panels with brightly colored aggregate to produce the polychrome effect, with Art Deco details. The two-inch-thick panels were attached to a conventional wood frame.

Subcommittee on Independent Offices, p. 1192. The treatment used rectilinear, precast concrete windows with large glass panels as the north façade of the North Building, and the east, west, and south façades of the East and West buildings. The design team felt this preserved their goal of having large areas of glass face Independence Avenue. The North Building was also smaller than originally proposed.

A retaining wall high reinforced the walls, and acted as a barrier against the local water table. The convention center's roof consisted of nine girders, each long, supported by massive steel columns. To support the weight of the reflecting pool, additional supports were added to the roof. These consisted of nine steel girders, on top which were double-tongued, prestressed, precast concrete T-beams.

The construction of the bridge was fast-tracked by installation of 50 precast concrete girders. The bridge was completed as part of a number of projects undertaken by the Australian Government to flood-proof the Bruce Highway and provide all year round access to Far North Queensland. The bridge is named in honour of Senior Constable Desmond Trannore, local police officer, killed in the line of duty in 1964.

The Montgomery Building, listed on the National Register of Historic Places, is an iconic building located on Church Street in Spartanburg, Spartanburg County, South Carolina. It was built in 1924, and is a ten-story, nine-bay- wide, steel frame skyscraper faced in precast concrete. It originally housed the offices of textile companies, cotton brokers, and factories. The building also contained a theatre/auditorium space, a radio and television station.

The bridge alignment is defined with vertical and horizontal curves. The bridge consists of three distinct parts: the north end viaduct, the central cable-stayed spans and the south end viaduct. Both the viaducts used precast segmental construction. The cable-stayed bridge on the Bandra channel has a 50m-250m-250m-50m span arrangement and on the Worli channel it has a 50m-50m-150m-50m-50m span arrangement.

Boston's Big Dig presented geotechnical challenges in an urban environment. Precast concrete retaining wall A typical cross-section of a slope used in two-dimensional analyses. Geotechnical engineering, also known as geotechnics, is the branch of civil engineering concerned with the engineering behavior of earth materials. It uses the principles and methods of soil mechanics and rock mechanics for the solution of engineering problems and the design of engineering works.

This distinction also originates from the different types of cement used: the exterior poured-in-place pieces are of type I cement, a lightly colored cement, while the exterior precast components use type II cement, a dark-colored cement. The base of the building is dark with brick, Welsh quarry tiles, mahogany walls, and darker concrete. As the building ascends, the overall color lightens, as lighter concrete is used.

The first canopy inside the enclosure faces northeast while the second, rather more elongated, lies just outside it, facing northwest towards the sea. Both are supported by precast upwardly tapering concrete columns. A third continuously undulating canopy covers the east-west central hall leading from the main entrance to the open square facing the ocean. Here, politicians could address their people like tribal leaders standing in a tent.

Whilst some original materials such as slates and pavings were salvaged from the old village, most of the new building is in concrete. The entire load bearing superstructure of the new houses is of concrete blocks faced externally with a painted sand and cement roughcast rendering. Floor units, lintels and sills are of precast concrete.Allerdale 32-5 Once completed the radical development became the subject of considerable media attention.

Precast concrete retaining wall A diagram of a mechanically stabilized earth wall as it would be modeled in a finite element analysis. Mechanically stabilized earth (MSE or reinforced soil) is soil constructed with artificial reinforcing. It can be used for retaining walls, bridge abutments, seawalls, and dikes. Although the basic principles of MSE have been used throughout history, MSE was developed in its current form in the 1960s.

In pre-tensioned concrete, the prestressing is achieved by using steel or polymer tendons or bars that are subjected to a tensile force prior to casting, or for post-tensioned concrete, after casting. More than of highways in the United States are paved with this material. Reinforced concrete, prestressed concrete and precast concrete are the most widely used types of concrete functional extensions in modern days. See Brutalism.

At the time, the tunneling machines were the biggest in the world, weighing 4,000 tonnes and being in length. Each machine cost A$50 million to build. The boring machines of diameter each were built by the German firm Herrenknecht and can dig up to per day. When finished the boring machines had placed 37,000 precast linings. Smaller roadheader machines began from the southern end in February 2007.

Friends of the Historic Columbia River Highway, Just to the east of the park, within the national forest the trail passes under I-84 in a 150-foot (50 m) long precast concrete rock-faced tunnel (). The $500,000 structure was built as part of the restoration project, and was required to connect the park to another intact piece of road, located north of I-84 at the west Cascade Locks interchange.

Each of these three buildings was constructed of precast concrete units, in a Federation style with a Marseilles terracotta tile roof. Expansion of the station began in 1913 and continued into 1915. Changes involved the extension of the platform and yard, the signalling and interlocking of the station and the construction of a timber overbridge and new station buildings. The main station building was "nearing completion" by September 1914.

2007 investor group sold Elematic Group to a British private investor company Pamplona Capital Management. Elematic's management team retained its part of ownership. In 2012 the main owner of the company was British Pamplona Capital Management. Elematic received a big order to supply world’s largest precast plant in Iraq and recruited 50 new employees. It also delivered equipment for SBS Betoni’s new wall element plant in Mikkeli, Finland.

It is also apparent in the finishes in the classroom wing with slightly different carpet, tile grout line sizes and door frame designs. The building's structure is made of steel and masonry. The classroom wing has three-story masonry curtain walls and precast concrete floors and roof. The spaces are laid out with varying steel spans ranging from 12 feet at regular classrooms to 32 feet at lab spaces.

Tubular Track offers continuous rail support at a competitive price 1/9/2005 , www.railwaygazette.com The track consists of steel rail resting on concrete supports via rubberised cork absorption pads with galvanised steel tie beams which wrap around the concrete members rather than being cast into the concrete as with other ladder tracks. The track is modular and precast, rather than being cast in situ. Modular turnouts are also produced.

Interior of a large sanitary sewer viewed from an access manhole. In the developed world, sewers are pipes from buildings to one or more levels of larger underground trunk mains, which transport the sewage to sewage treatment facilities. Vertical pipes, usually made of precast concrete, called manholes, connect the mains to the surface. Depending upon site application and use, these vertical pipes can be cylindrical, eccentric, or concentric.

Near the center of campus are two gardens that attract over 300,000 visitors a year. The architecture of the original central campus, particularly the oldest buildings, are precast concrete and utilitarian-looking because they were built with limited state funds in the 1960s and 1970s. Starting in 2014, these buildings are being renovated to today's standards. Under the campus' third chancellor, James Woodward, the campus underwent major changes which continue today.

The complex also has VIP lounges and restaurants, spectator facilities, 205 VIP underground parking stalls and a tunnel connecting the main stadium to the secondary stadium. The secondary stadium has a capacity of 10,000. The basic structure was cast-in-place concrete with precast stadia seating. The roof structure is steel and cantilever 30 meters from the back support column of the upper deck with a 15-meter back-span.

On May 10, TBMs Dennis and Lea, which had been boring the western segment of the line, completed their work by reaching Yonge Street. Dennis and Lea bored , installing 25,647 precast concrete tunnel segments to construct the 4,279 rings to line the twin tunnels. On August 17, TBMs Don and Humber, which had been boring the eastern segment of the line, completed their work by reaching Yonge Street.

The renovation involved gutting the entire structure and removal or precast concrete and glass, as well as the roof. The building provides an ultra-modern environment while preserving the original concept of Walter Netsch's Brutalist design, which defined UIC's campus. The building has been certified Gold by LEED. At a projected cost of $11.7 million, the three-story structure occupies space immediately southeast of University Hall, between Halsted and Morgan streets.

The lower floors were made of concrete poured on-site and the upper floors were completely constructed with precast concrete. Construction progressed with an average of two floors per week. Het Strijkijzer was topped off in March 2007. In June 2007 the building was capped with a crown which was mentioned in the local news shortly after installation because in high winds it emitted a high-pitched whistling sound.

The arch of the bridge is supported by concrete thrust blocks embedded into sandstone foundations on either side of Parramatta River. The bridge was constructed as four arches, each made from precast concrete box sections. Each rib of blocks was erected on a falsework system supported on piles. When the four arches were in place, they were stressed together (using the Freyssinet stressing system) by transverse cables passing through diaphragms.

In May 1770 they moved to England. At the Royal Brass Foundry they introduced a horizontal boring machine, for guns cast solid (instead of vertically reaming guns cast round a core); this system had been installed by Verbruggen at The Hague in the 1750s. They also rebuilt the furnaces and casting pits, and used precast moulds for cascabels. Verbruggen's horizontal boring machine was the first industrial size lathe installed in England.

"Narrows Opening", p. 31 The first timber pile for the temporary staging for the construction was driven at noon on 8 June 1957."Narrows Opening", p. 34 The first permanent pile for the bridge was driven home on 18 August 1957. Work on the bridge's precast concrete beams began in September 1957, and the first of these was lifted into place by the gantry crane in February 1958.

The Ardea joins John Ross Tower as the seventh tallest building in Portland. The Ardea consists of 30 floors including an adjacent five-story building. The tower will have 323 units, 380 underground parking spaces and over of retail space on the ground floor. The exterior cladding of the building is constructed with a variety of materials including window wall, curtain wall, precast concrete panels, and a metal cladding system.

It is a × sea crossing consisting of a bridge, a causeway connecting Bunting Island to the bridge and a causeway connecting mainland Kedah to the bridge. The bridge is an arch cable-stayed bridge with a main suspended span of 80 m in length and approach spans of precast concrete box beams with spans of 30 m in length. The causeways have fill embankments on piled foundations with rock armouring.

Many of the monuments have settled into the soil, and are no longer level. With the help of heavy equipment, many of the large monuments have been removed from their respective location, new precast concrete bases have been installed, and the monument replaced to their respective locations. Many of the flat monuments have settled and become overgrown with sod. These monuments have been reclaimed and re-leveled in their respective locations.

Resistant to weak acids and especially sulfates, this cement cures quickly and has very high durability and strength. It was frequently used after World War II to make precast concrete objects. However, it can lose strength with heat or time (conversion), especially when not properly cured. After the collapse of three roofs made of prestressed concrete beams using high alumina cement, this cement was banned in the UK in 1976.

The building was designed in the International style by renowned architects Harley, Ellington, Cowin & Stirton in 1961. Tinted windows set into precast concrete frames create a unique grid pattern along the sweeping building façade. The building's address "211" is displayed along the roof line. A dynamic two-story lobby is wrapped with glass and recessed on the north and west sides allowing for a covered arcade on two sides.

The building has three floors below-ground, and an underground parking garage. The structure is eight stories high on the Pennsylvania Avenue NW side, and 11 stories high on the E Street NW side. Two wings connect the two main buildings, forming an open-air, trapezoidal courtyard. The exterior is buff-colored precast and cast-in-place concrete with repetitive, square, bronze-tinted windows set deep in concrete frames.

This covers the segments from Pier 252 to Pier 256. Instead of precast segments, Kiewit used segments cast in-place, starting from the piers set in the freeway medians and working towards adjacent piers. The yellow-painted traveling forms at each end were used to cast each segment, then moved to the fresh end to cast the next segment. Each segment required of rebar and of concrete, and weighed .

In the middle 1950s, the factory was producing two to four storey walk up flats, and by 1964 the Concrete House Project was turning out pre-cast walls for villas as well as walk-ups and would soon be producing the components for high rise towers. Approximately 27 of these precast concrete 20 to 30 storey height buildings were constructed around Melbourne, until the type of development fell into disrepute.

"New York's Subway System Finally Starting Major Expansion" . newyork.construction.com. May 2006 issue. In September 2009, the MTA awarded Granite-Traylor-Frontiere Joint Venture a $659.2 million contract to employ two 500-ton slurry tunnel boring machines to create the tunnels connecting the LIRR Main Line and the Port Washington Branch to the 63rd Street Tunnel under 41st Avenue. The four tunnels, with precast concrete liners, total in length.

The structure is reminiscent of the famous St Mark's Campanile in Venice, which is 320 feet high. The Campanile in Port Elizabeth is 170 feet high from ground level to the tip of the pyramid roof. The area of the structure at the base is 23 feet square, its foundation resting upon sea-worn rock. The windows at different floor levels are fitted with decorative precast concrete grilles and the belfry.

Riveted seams in ships and boilers were formerly sealed by hammering the metal.Walter S. Hutton, Steam-boiler Construction, 1898, p. 230 Modern caulking compounds are flexible sealing compounds used to close up gaps in buildings and other structures against water, air, dust, insects, or as a component in firestopping. In the tunnelling industry, caulking is the sealing of joints in segmental precast concrete tunnels, commonly by using concrete.

The Dibamba river has a length of and a catchment area of . Average discharge at the river mouth is 480 cubic meters per second. At its mouth, the river is tidal, and flows into the estuary through mangrove forests that extend south from Doualla to Point Souelaba. Near Douala, the river is crossed by a T-section girder road bridge built of precast, prestressed concrete in 1983–1984.

Teichert, a private company, is an infrastructure and site development contractor and a construction materials producer. The company's construction services include mass grading, asphalt paving, concrete curbs and sidewalks, underground pipelines, and joint utility installations. The construction materials businesses produce crushed stone, sand, gravel, asphalt concrete, ready-mix concrete, and precast concrete products. Additionally, the Teichert Foundation, a nonprofit organization, awards grants to community organizations and provides employee-matching grants.

It is this ability to incorporate primary devices larger than the manhole barrel allows packaged metering manholes to be equally if not less expensive than a precast manhole or vault. Packaged metering manholes can run from $5,195 to $29,100 (2016 USD), with the industry standard 4 foot diameter, 7 foot deep, domed top packaged metering manhole deep integrating a 3 inch Parshall flume having a cost of $10,565 (2016 USD).

A drawback is that the mixing has to be done in an airtight container. The final strength of concrete is increased by about 25%. Vacuum concrete stiffens very rapidly so that the formworks can be removed within 30 minutes of casting even on columns of 20 ft. high. This is of considerable economic value, particularly in a precast factory as the forms can be reused at frequent intervals.

James Ruck was the north midlands regional works adviser to the Ministry of Home Security. His principal duties related to the provision of air-raid shelters. In June 1940, he offered the military a design for a machine gun post: Ruck's design was based on precast half-arch concrete sections produced by Hydroprest Concrete Ltd at Scunthorpe. Four sections formed an arch with inside dimensions wide, high and long.

It is common for its specifications to be written such that it can contain at least a one-hundred-year flood. A number of embankment dam overtopping protection systems were developed around the turn of the third millennium. These techniques include the concrete overtopping protection systems, timber cribs, sheet-piles, riprap and gabions, reinforced earth, minimum energy loss weirs, embankment overflow stepped spillways and the precast concrete block protection systems.

Priestley was author or co-author of over 450 scientific papers and 250 research reports, and was the primary advisor for more than 25 doctoral students. His three books are regarded as canonical texts in their particular areas: His research at UCSD with Frieder Seible following the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake into structural deficiencies in reinforced concrete columns supported bridges in California led to the development of an economical retrofit solution involving the installation of a metal jacket to reduce the risk of column failure in seismic events. The method has been widely adopted, particularly on the west coast of the United States. A team led by Priestley developed PRESSS (precast seismic structural system), a design methodology for earthquake-resistant buildings in which the building is designed as a collection of rocking blocks able to move independently of each other during a seismic event but are pulled back into their original position by unbonded post-tensioning cables within the precast concrete structure.

Concrete may be utilized as a surfacing material in one of several forms: cast-in-place (in which the fabricator creates forms atop the previously installed cabinetry, places, and then finishes the material in situ), custom precast ( in which the fabricator creates site templates, duplicates the pattern in a production facility offsite, and installs the finished product atop the cabinetry), and the machining of pre-manufactured gauged slabs (similar to natural stone fabrication). Concrete, especially precast, lends itself to a high degree of customization due to the phase-change nature of its creation, filling a specific form with a fluid material which hardens (through mineral hydration) to a durable cast stone. Color choices, edge styles, three-dimensional sculpting, and integral features such as sinks, drainboards, and decorative embedments are design options which may be incorporated. Due to its site- specific and generally handmade nature, concrete countertops are often produced by small shops and individual artisans although there are several large-scale manufacturers of gauged slabs.

The novel construction method of using precast concrete slabs resulted in the early completion of works by one month. It was opened by Kwei See Kan, the Director of Highways, on 14 June, 1991. The final section of the bypass, which extends northwards from Kai Fuk Road and connects with the approach to Tate's Cairn Tunnel, was commissioned on 26 June 1991 together with the tunnel, 12 days after the opening of Phase 2.

To avoid the further risk of loss of ground, the sinking of the cylinders were stopped. The cylinders were carried to their final level (45 to 55 feet below road level) by underpinning them with a precast concrete segmental lining. The bearing pressure was reduced to 3.5 tons per square foot by ‘belling out’ the bases. All cylinders were back-grouted, and also each ring of the lining as it was assembled.

Companies in the Condrain Group construct roads; supply recycled and virgin aggregate materials; produce concrete pipe, precast units and lighting poles; manufacture valves and fittings; install gas lines, power lines, fibre optic cables, and street lighting; build houses and commercial and industrial buildings; and develop large tracts of land for community living. Other related companies have included broadband communication, vineyards, such as Vineland Estates in the Niagara Peninsula, and built golf courses.

Kai Ching was also a pilot estate for the use of precast water taps. The estate incorporates a number of energy and water saving features. Renewable energy sources include solar panels on the housing block rooftops, and lift motors that can generate power when the lift is carrying a heavy load down, a light load up, or under braking conditions. A district cooling system cools non-domestic facilities including the shops, kindergartens, and estate offices.

Kai Ching was also a pilot estate for the use of precast water taps. The estate incorporates a number of energy and water saving features. Renewable energy sources include solar panels on the housing block rooftops, and lift motors that can generate power when the lift is carrying a heavy load down, a light load up, or under braking conditions. A district cooling system cools non- domestic facilities including the shops, kindergartens, and estate offices.

The original precast product champion and technology visionary was Harold Messenger. From 1998-2001, development efforts focused on product, process, testing, and engineering design validation surrounding grid use in concrete. Dr. Thomas Harmon, a professor of engineering at Washington University, St. Louis, provided primary research support for the initiative, also co-funded by both companies. Early research and development works serve as the engineering design basis used today to design and manufacture CarbonCast.

The platform walls along the tracks were made of white glazed ceramic tiles set on a diagonal above a black base of horizontal tiles. The floor was paved with red and gray granite. 1966, Ryazansky Prospekt station was a collaboration by Aleshina and Yury Vdovin, which had a two small lobbies on Ryazan Avenue. It was not precast to the standard specifications, but instead was a narrower version of the typical station.

The building is composed of over of concrete, and over of steel. The exterior is composed of over of glass, of plaster, of architectural precast, of insulation, and of steel louvers. The building, designed by architecture firm Ellerbe Becket, has been criticized by some in Portland's architectural community. A survey of local architects and planners was conducted by the Portland Tribune, and subsequently Moda Center was listed among the five ugliest buildings in the city.

In February 1936 the Home Secretary appointed a technical Committee on Structural Precautions against Air Attack. During the Munich crisis, local authorities dug trenches to provide shelter. After the crisis, the British Government decided to make these a permanent feature, with a standard design of precast concrete trench lining. They also decided to issue the Anderson shelter free to poorer households and to provide steel props to create shelters in suitable basements.

The four tunnels, with precast concrete liners, total in length. The contract included a $58 million option to dig three tunnel pits and three emergency shafts, as well as complete an open cut. The two custom-built slurry TBMs, which could dig through several types of earth, were the first such machines to be used in the New York City area. The two tunnel boring machines began digging on the Queens side in April 2011.

In 1898 Altona Hauptbahnhof (Altona main station) was opened at the current location. It was badly damaged during World War II but subsequently rebuilt. The building was finally demolished in the late 1970s during the construction of the City-S-Bahn despite protests; it was feared that the tunnelling would cause the structure to collapse. It was replaced by the current two-storey, low-rise precast concrete structure upon its opening in 1979.

Dimitrijevic was in charge of design, planning and construction of the mining town of Cansado in Mauritania between 1959 and 1963, with 750 furnished houses. For the sake of economy, there were few French workers, mostly Moors, Canary Islanders and Senegalese. The project was logistically and technically demanding. Construction used precast lightweight concrete blocks imported from Senegal, and other concrete forms such as joists and railings that were manufactured on the site.

The foundation consists of four cast-in-situ R.C.C. bored piles for piers and eight 1.2-metre-diameter piles for abutments. The superstructure was with a single post-tensioned box girder for 33 m spans and three precast pretensioned I girders for 22 m spans. This bridge at Honnavar was awarded second prize in the competition for Most outstanding Bridge National Awards 1995 – Category I by Indian Institute of Bridge Engineers in 1995.

The Captain Cook Bridge, as viewed from Kangaroo Point Cliffs. Captain Cook Bridge is constructed as a multispan, precast prestressed concrete free-cantilever bridge with drop-in mid-spans. Comprising a dual carriageway that creates two separate bridges, one for each direction of traffic, heading north–south over the Brisbane River. Each bridge carries four lanes of traffic in one direction and links the M3 Pacific Motorway to the M3 Riverside Expressway.

A drywall mechanic marks a sheet to cut. A drywall mechanic is a skilled trade similar to wood carpenters, except they build everything out of heavy gauge and light gauge steel studs (not wood studs) all year round, regardless of weather conditions. A Drywall mechanic erect various exterior and interior stud wall partitions. They also install metal door frames, window frames, a variety acoustical ceilings, and precast moldings for columns and ceilings.

2009, U.S. Concrete's National Research Laboratory was set up to develop enhanced concrete (supplementary cementitious materials, SCMs) and solutions. Besides, the company also maintains academic-industrial partnership with research teams at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) and Arizona State University (ASU). U.S. Concrete uses lime slurry and ARIDUS® Rapid Drying Concrete (addressing moisture-related floor covering failures) self-desiccating concrete technology. However, in 2012.12, the company's subsidiary sold Arizona Precast Operations.

A canopy is supported by a secondary tensegrity structure. It is estimated that of structural steel including of helical strand cable are incorporated into the bridge. The bridge structure comprises 18 structural steel bridge decks, 20 structural steel masts and 16 horizontal spars or in layman's terms horizontal masts. 72 precast concrete deck slabs sit on the main bridge deck and are secured to the steel structure and together by in-situ concrete stitch pours .

When traffic volume became more than the bridge could accommodate in the early 1980s, the bridge was twinned. The 1985 bridge was a conventional precast concrete box girder. When the new skyway (concrete structure) was opened on October 11, 1985, traffic was temporarily rerouted to it so that the old bridge could be extensively rehabilitated and this work was completed August 22, 1988. Afterwards, there were eight lanes of traffic crossing the harbour.

This was emphasised when the Reinhard Heydrich assassination parachutists were looked after by families within the area. In particular, to this day plaques can be seen to the Moravec family on Biskupcova 7 and Jan Zelinky (almost opposite) on Biskupcova 4. In the 1970s, the communist city government of Prague developed plans to completely rebuild the district. The narrow streets were to be widened and the old tenements replaced by precast-concrete apartment blocks.

The 4th through 19th stories comprise the midsection of the building and are clad with russet colored brick. The 4th through 11th floors rise directly from the lot lines before setting back at various depths. The setbacks are decorated with limestone-trimmed friezes containing black ornament. Limestone windowsills were used on the facades facing the street, and precast concrete was used above setbacks at places where these windows could not be seen from street level.

Depending on what definition of earth sheltering is used, other types are sometimes included. "Cut and Cover" ("culvert homes") made with precast concrete containers and pipes of large diameter arranged into a connecting design to form a living space, and then backfilled with earth. A project in Japan called Alice City will use a wide and deep cylindrical shaft sunk into the earth, with a domed skylight roof. The project will involve some residential areas.

Various minor amendments were made to the design after the first series was installed; for instance, "Series II" shelters had a precast concrete floor and no backrest for the bench. The Series II shelters located near schools did not have a bench. Since they were first installed, the shelters have been painted cream colour, and their fibreglass window frames and benches have been orange. The shelters' Lexan windows proved to be a weak point.

By April 2014, the TBMs had arrived at Caledonia station. In April 2014, The Globe and Mail reported that the two western tunnel boring machines were excavating "approximately 1,000 cubic yards of spoil", per day. For the year prior to May 2014, the two TBMs Dennis and Lea had been excavating and installing concrete tunnel liners at a rate of approximately per day. The tunnels are lined with precast concrete liner segments.

Don and Humber bored , installing 26,178 precast concrete tunnel segments to construct the 4,363 rings to line the twin tunnels. On September 1, Bombardier Transportation, which is producing cars for the line, failed to meet the delivery deadline for the pilot vehicle. As a result, Metrolinx filed notice to terminate the contract with Bombardier. On November 3, 2016, Metrolinx filed a "notice of intention" to cancel its contract with Bombardier for the Crosstown's rolling stock.

The bored tunnel segments are precast concrete, with a internal diameter and thick. The segments are expanded directly against the ground, which is London Clay. The bored section of the cargo tunnel is notable among tunnelling engineers, for having been constructed with a remarkably thin cover of solid clay above it (minimum cover clay beneath the Terrace gravels). There is one sump in the tunnel, at a low point about north of the south portal.

The Arcade Building is located on the south side of Harvard Street, a major north–south route through eastern Brookline. It is on the west side of Coolidge Corner, one of the town's major retail areas. It is a two-story commercial structure, built out of concrete and cast stone. The front facade is topped by a precast concrete frieze, with Gothic spires above at the bounds of the building's five bays.

Internationally known architect Marcel Breuer submitted the building's winning design. Breuer became the building's lead architect, assisted by his associate Herbert Beckhard and the firm of Nolen-Swinburne. Breuer drew on many of his previous buildings for inspiration for HUD Headquarters. He had built curvilinear precast concrete buildings before for UNESCO's world headquarters in Paris and the IBM Research Center in La Gaude (both in France).Hodges and Hodges, Washington on Foot, 1980, p. 41.

The structure however remained intact due to its construction using cellate high strength precast panels. The attack was modelled on the 1993 World Trade Center bombing in New York. The WTCC was specifically targeted by the LTTE as it was the country's tallest building and the symbolic centre of its economy. A full restoration of the building was completed in approximately six months and the building was re-commissioned in June 1998.

Donnington Bridge has a single arch span of 170 feet between supports and an overall width of 56 feet 8 inches. It is constructed of reinforced concrete deck slab cast integrally with 10 pre- stressed concrete legs triangulated to meet the hinges enclosed within the abutments. The abutments are clad externally with precast concrete units faced with Criggion Green and Blue Shap stone and the fascias of the bridge are calcined flint.

LeMessurier Consultants is a Boston, Massachusetts firm, founded by William LeMessurier in 1961. It provides engineering support services to architects and construction firms. They focus on advanced structural techniques and impacts to construction materials. They are known for their modular construction techniques including the Mah-LeMessurier System for precast concrete in high-rise housing, the Staggered Truss System for high-rise steel structures, and the tuned mass damper used to reduce tall building motion.

It is faced with precast concrete panels with protruding piers dividing the window bays. The corners of the building are recessed as are the windows of the top floor allowing for a small terraced area on three sides. Elevators and stairs are housed in a separate tower at the north end. It was originally conceived as the Detroit Trade Center but was purchased by the State of Michigan as an office building.

Both a conventional overhead gantry and an articulating gantry are being used during the guideway assembly. More than 2700 precast segments are required for the Airport section, which also includes more than 230 columns for the piers and 5400 permanent sound walls. For the pier foundations, shafts up to deep were drilled. Where the guideway contacts the supporting piers, custom bearings have been installed to accommodate movement ranging from and rotation of 0.015–0.03 radians.

Common uses are in concrete blocks, concrete slabs, geotechnical fillings, lightweight concrete, water treatment, hydroponics, aquaponics and hydroculture. substrate. LECA is a versatile material and is utilized in an increasing number of applications. In the construction industry, it is used extensively in the production of lightweight concrete, blocks and precast or incast structural elements (panels, partitions, bricks and light tiles). LECA used in structural backfill against foundations, retaining walls, bridge abutments etc.

The building was designed by Smith, Hinchman & Grylls in the International Style. The exterior façade is composed of tinted windows set precast frames covered with charcoal-gray granite. The frames project from the façade creating a grid design similar to nearby 211 West Fort Street. The structure is composed of two rectangular towers set at a right-angle and joined by an elevator-utility core covered in glass and matching gray granite.

The spillway crest is above bed level. The arch barrels, founded on a triangular arch base, are constructed in independent arch rings and are hinged at buttress springing lines. The spillway is a precast superstructure and the dissipation slab at ground level is post tensioned to the foundation rock. The dam has a total storage capacity of , and has a full supply level of 223.54m AHD SunWater is undertaking a dam spillway capacity upgrade program.

The largest such structure ever built, the precast concrete tower supports polished aluminum chimes varying in length from to and varying tonalities, or voices. Construction of the main tower was completed in 2018.US National Park Service, Tower of Voices, Accessed November 4, 2017 As of August 2020, 8 of the 40 wind chimes are installed. The rest do not have a delivery date as field testing of these prototype chimes is ongoing.

Detailed plans for the tower and annexe, 1899 Plans for the keeper's quarters, 1899 The lighthouse is built out of precast concrete blocks and painted white. The concrete blocks were made on the ground, lifted and cemented into position and finally cement rendered inside and out. This technique saved the need for on-site quarrying. It was only the second lighthouse to be constructed in this method, the first being Point Perpendicular Light.

The architects Emilio Castro and Gustavo R. Arnavat projected the Sandino in 1963 using the technique of articulated precast molding. In an effort to take the National Sport to every corner of the country, they were looking for a design solution that was less expensive and easier to adapt to the rest of Cuban cities without baseball facilities. It has an area of and capacity for 10,000 people. It opened on January 8, 1966.

The estate consisted of two long curved blocks facing each other across a central green space, and in total covered . The blocks were of ten storeys (east) and seven storeys (west), built from precast concrete slab blocks and contain 213 flats. Construction began in 1968, the first flats opened in 1971, and the scheme as a whole was completed in 1972 at a cost of £1,845,585. In the central green area was a small man-made hill.

Bud Fabian had retired from For Better Living in 1996, a company whose primary business was precast concrete. At the time, the magazine was produced by Surfer Publications, a subsidiary of For Better Living and at least the late 1990s, was based in San Juan Capistrano. Drew Kampion was editor of the magazine from 1968 to 1972. Noted writer and surf historian Matt Warshaw, became a writer for Surfer, beginning in 1984, becoming the publication's editor in 1990.

The main bridge deck is a multi-span precast prestressed concrete segmental structure, constructed by the balanced cantilever method. Each cantilever has 12 segments (each 4 m long), joined to a pierhead unit (2 m long) at each pier and by an in-situ stitch at mid span. The deck is internally prestressed and of single box section. The depth of the box varies between 6.5 metres at the piers to 3.25 metres at mid-span.

BWSL was designed as the first cable-stayed bridge to be constructed in open seas in India. Due to the underlying geology, the pylons have a complex geometry and the main span over the Bandra channel is one of the longest spans of concrete deck attempted. Balancing these engineering complexities with the aesthetics of the bridge presented significant challenges for the project. The superstructure of the viaducts were the heaviest precast segments to be built in India.

A centre tower, with an overall height of 55 metres, supports the superstructure above the pile cap level by means of four planes of cable stay in a semi-harp arrangement. Cable spacing here is also 6.0 metres along the bridge deck. The superstructure comprises twin precast concrete box girders with a fish belly cross sectional shape, identical to the approaches. A typical Pre-Cast segment length is 3.0 metres with the heaviest superstructure segment approaching 140 tonnes.

The company was founded in 1971 by Joe Montgomery and Murdock MacGregor to manufacture precast concrete housing. Later Ron Davis came to Cannondale from CBS Laboratories where he was VP in charge of the development of microfilm reproduction. Ron, a polymath and a gifted mechanical designer/inventor, had ideas for an internal combustion engine that would use ammonia as fuel. Such a concept, if proved, could have far-reaching effects in warfare logistics and middle-eastern politics.

The concrete nature of pillboxes means that they are a feature of prepared positions. Some pillboxes were designed to be prefabricated and transported to their location for assembly. During World War I, Sir Ernest William Moir produced a design for concrete machine-gun pillboxes constructed from a system of interlocking precast concrete blocks, with a steel roof. Around 1500 Moir pillboxes were eventually produced (with blocks cast at Richborough in Kent) and sent to the Western Front in 1918.

The Lightstation complex consists of the signal house; lighthouse tower and base; workshop; head keeper's quarters and associated fuel shed, WC, workshop and paint store; assistant keeper's quarters duplex and associated fuel stores; and stables. All the buildings are constructed of large precast concrete blocks made on site. The lighthouse and the signal house are cement rendered and have "false" ashlar block lines inscribed to the exterior. The living quarters and stables have remained unpainted since construction.

Northwest side of the Jefferson County Courthouse Designed by Fentress Architects, the master plan for the campus was designed to give the county a seat of government at the heart of the county. The Jefferson County Judicial and Administrative Facility overlooks the Human Services Building, a jail and numerous support facilities. The exterior features two-toned precast that blends with the nearby Rocky Mountain foothills while the interior contains natural cherry wood, terrazzo flooring and brass accents.

Ionic capitals feature a pair of volutes, or scrolls, while Corinthian capitals are decorated with reliefs in the form of acanthus leaves. Either type of capital could be accompanied by the same moldings as the base. In the case of free-standing columns, the decorative elements atop the shaft are known as a finial. Modern columns may be constructed out of steel, poured or precast concrete, or brick, left bare or clad in an architectural covering, or veneer.

The Uptown Residences is a condominium tower built by developer Pemberton Group in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Located at 35 Balmuto Street south of Bloor Street, the 48 floor tower is 158 metres tall and has 284 units. It stands on the site of the former Uptown Theatre and was designed by Burka Varacalli Architects Incorporated. While its setbacks evoke Art Deco skyscraper architecture of the 1930s, its facade of precast concrete cladding and rectangular windows is mostly unadorned.

The passenger station building, signal cabin and utilities block are all constructed using a precast concrete system consisting of reinforced concrete planks slotted horizontally into a concrete frame, supported on concrete walls. Their timber framed roofs are clad in ribbed metal sheeting. Openings in the station building are fitted with timber framed doors and double hung windows. The ticket windows between the booking lobby and the office are of double hung casements with decorative steel grilles.

The Kamehameha V Post Office at the corner of Merchant and Bethel Streets was the first building in Hawaii to be constructed entirely of precast concrete blocks reinforced with iron bars. It was built by J.G. Osborne in 1871 and the success of this new method was replicated on a much grander scale the next year in the royal palace, Aliiōlani Hale. The old post office building was separately added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.

By the time of its half centenary in 1953, Tarmac was processing over two million tons of slag a year, its road surfacing had developed into a significant civil engineering business, and its Vinculum subsidiary "had become one of the major precast concrete undertakings in the country."Ritchie, p.60 Under Robin Martin's leadership, Tarmac moved from being an important regional force to a national roadstone and contracting business. Acquisitions played a major role in Tarmac's growth.

The hotel was later operated by Premier Lodge, and currently by Premier Inn. A proposal to demolish the unused podium at the north west corner of the structure and replace it with a 19-storey residential tower known as The Venlaw Tower (earlier styled as Elmbank Tower) was proposed in 2004, but did not progress. The complex was externally refurbished between 2012 and 2013, the precast concrete panels being restored to their original brilliant white finish.

Their work on Nugget Markets won a retail design award at the Concrete Masonry Design Awards. In 2008, the company received the award for Best Low-rise Office Building from the Precast/Pre-stressed Concrete Institute for their design work on the Golden 1 Credit Union Headquarters in Sacramento, California. In 2008, they also won a Large Project Certificate of Merit from SEAOC in the Retrofit/Alteration category for their work on Griffith Observatory in Los Angeles.

The Edmund Barton Building site is the location of several significant pieces of sculpture. These include: > two important works of public art by Norman Carlberg, the internationally > acclaimed American sculptor who worked in the modular constructivist style > and studied under Josef Albers at Yale in the late 1950s. Black Widow is the > free standing black painted steel form standing 4.8m high in the west > courtyard. Concrete Form is the 7.3m high precast concrete sculpture in the > east courtyard.

Old brick gravity sewers like this one are typically replaced by reinforced concrete. The Industrial Revolution increased population density in manufacturing districts, and produced pipes useful for drain-waste-vent systems from buildings to sewers. Gravity sewers have been assembled from cast iron pipe, vitrified clay pipe, precast concrete pipe, asbestos-cement pipe, and plastic pipe.Steel&McGhee;(1979)pp.331-347 While some older brickwork sewers remain in use, new sewers of diameters exceeding typically use reinforced concrete.

The Doniphan Lumber Mill Historic District encompasses an early 20th-century lumber mill in Doniphan, Arkansas, on the eastern outskirts of Searcy. The district includes eight buildings, most built out of precast concrete, and Doniphan Lake. The mill was the first large-scale lumber-cutting operation in the county, and its presence was responsible for the growth and development of the community of Doniphan. The mill is the largest operation of its type in White County.

The bus bays imposed a 36 ft pier spacing on the main block, and led to the standardization of a 1 ft 6in module for the design. Concrete was strongly expressed within the building, the external finishes to structural elements being unclad reinforced concrete. The walls were ribbed, and the locally graded round aggregate was exposed by abrasive blasting. The floors were made of precast concrete coffered units over which a reinforced concrete floor was cast.

View looking up from the adjacent streetThe Long Lines Building was designed by architect John Carl Warnecke and completed in 1974. As it was built to house telephone switching equipment, the average floor height is , considerably taller than in an average high-rise. The floors are also unusually strong, designed to carry live loads. The exterior walls have no windows (other than the entrance) and are made from precast concrete panels clad with flame-treated textured Swedish granite faces.

Peikko Group's Headquarter in Lahti, Finland Peikko Group Corporation is a Finnish supplier of Slim Floor Structures, Wind Energy Applications and Connection Technology for Precast and Cast-in-situ. Peikko is a family-owned and run company with over 1,800 employees. Peikko was founded in 1965 and is headquartered in Lahti, Finland. Peikko has subsidiaries in over 30 countries in Asia-Pacific, Europe, Africa, the Middle East and North America, with certified manufacturing operations in 11 countries.

Construction was slowed on both the Sun Dome and the O'Connell Center when cracks appeared in precast concrete support beams. The problems were eventually fixed, and the sister facilities were completed within a few weeks of each other in late 1980 – the Sun Dome in November and the O'Connell Center in December.Walbolt, Dan (Interviewee) and Huse, Andrew T. (Interviewer), Dan Walbolt oral history interview by Andrew Huse, July 13, 2004 (2004).Digital Collection - USF Historical Archives Oral Histories.

This project added several decades to the useful life of the bridge. The new high performance precast concrete deck system is much more durable than conventional systems since it is less permeable and crack-free under service load conditions. The deck system adopted is significantly lighter than a conventional cast-in-place concrete deck system. This has resulted in considerable savings in the amount of truss reinforcement required, while providing sufficient mass and stiffness for damping purposes.

Retrieved October 4, 2020. The largely unaltered exterior consists of a glass and aluminum curtain wall, punctuated on each of the four sides with three concrete columns extending from the base to the roof. The first and twelfth floors are recessed, and the penthouse is faced with precast concrete panels. The main feature of the building were two neon signs, each consisting of three hammers and a nail, displayed on the penthouse walls of the north and south façades.

The material of choice for shaft lining is mass concrete which is poured behind Shaft Forms in Lifts of 6m as the shaft advances (gets deeper). Shotcrete, fibrecrete, brick, cast iron tubing, precast concrete segments have all been used at one time or another. Additionally, the use of materials like Bitumen and even squash balls have been required by specific circumstances. In extreme circumstances, particularly when sinking through Halite, composite liners consisting of two or more materials may be required.

In 1910, at the age of 29, he established his own shipping company, Lewis Lougher & Co. He went on to become became chairman of several shipping companies in Cardiff, Penarth and Barry. He was also chairman of the Federation of Bristol Channel Shipowners and of the Cardiff Chamber of Trade. He also became a developer of housing, and a director of Whitehouse Precast Concrete Limited, and Danybryn Estates Limited. He was also a director of Ben Evans & Co. Ltd, a Swansea department store.

Mithras House dates from 1966 and was built for industrial use; more prominent is the , ten-storey slab of the Cockcroft Building. Built entirely of concrete—mostly precast except for the lowest storeys—it has an east-facing entrance flanked by two-storey concrete piers and set below panels of flint. The main elevations are "busy" with a regular rhythm of windows. Long & Kentish's adjacent Aldrich Library (1994–96), curtain-walled with concrete and aluminium, is a "light and elegant" contrast to Cockcroft.

The original entrance and exit ramps from Wickham Terrace remain but appear to be infrequently used. An open structure, the car park consists primarily of a grid of rectangular concrete columns with flared tops supporting waffle slabs which form the floors. Precast concrete panels with an exposed aggregate finish form the balustrades on the Turbot Street and Wickham Terrace elevations. Balustrading elsewhere consists of painted square sectioned steel posts attached to the outside face of the building which support steel pipe handrails.

It would comprise a basement, ground floor, and two upper floors with a total usable floor area of 361 square metres. It was to be fully air-conditioned, floodlit at night, and house a cafeteria that could seat 300 patrons at a sitting. The cost of the entire project was proposed at $3.1 million with Block 8 comprising $1.458 million of this total. The building would be constructed using partly precast and pre-stressed concrete and partly cast in situ reinforced concrete.

Today, cast stone is a Portland cement- based architectural precast concrete product manufactured using high quality fine and coarse aggregate as its primary constituents. The use of a high percentage of fine aggregate creates a very smooth, consistent texture for the building elements being cast, resembling natural cut stone. Other ingredients such as chemical admixtures, pozzolans, and pigments also may be added. Cast stone frequently is produced with a low water-to-cement ratio mixture with a "dry" (or "earth moist") consistency.

The base houses offices, lobbies, dressing rooms, workshops and a restaurant. The site slopes from Elgin Street to the Rideau Canal allowing for a second underground level overlooking the canal. The roof of the base forms a multi-level terrace containing gardens that are open to the public and connects to the Mackenzie King Bridge. The three main performance spaces rise from the base as a series of hexagonal structures also faced with brown precast panels in a variety of textures.

Sports Authority announced in May 2016 that it would be shuttering all of its US stores, leaving City Center with a large vacancy on the corner of 7th Street and Nicollet Avenue in August 2016. Rosa Mexicano quietly shuttered its downtown Minneapolis location at Hennepin Avenue and 6th Street in November 2016. A new tenant has been in the works to fill that corner anchor space. The exterior of the building is faced with precast concrete panels tinted light brown.

Luckily some of the records had already been removed from the old building so the loss wasn't as great as prior fires. The present courthouse is a three-story building that occupies a sloped site exposing the northern part of the ground level. The structure is modern in design and faced with red brick and accented by precast concrete panels. It was completed in 1964 at a total cost of $417,000 and its dedication was held on June 12, 1965.

The flag house was constructed to match the lighthouse, from precast concrete blocks, rendered walls, with the same plinth and deep ashlar coursing. The roof is made of concrete in a shallow hipped form, in contrast to the concrete dome proposed in the original drawings. The flag locker now houses maritime signal flags. The timber flagstaff was removed at an unknown date, and what remains of it are a concrete and steel base, a concrete apron, and four concrete and iron anchor points.

Plans for one house were drawn in the sand on the beach. He was a pioneer in developing artificial or cast stone, a combination of coquina shell, lime, and a cement mixture. He also used "woodite", a composite material with a wood component, which could be poured and molded. As a result, Mizner Industries sold "precast plastering", highly ornate plaster coffered ceilings and mouldings, and with woodite, besides antique-style doors, the paneling of a complete room, all at a relatively low cost.

The bridge is composed of Dorman Long steel girders on reinforced concrete piers, which themselves rest on precast concrete piles. There are 10 spans about 23m apart, 4 on the Derry side of the lifting span, the lifting span itself, and 5 on the Coleraine side. The lifting span is 25m long, single leaf, and weighs 250 tons, counterbalanced by an underhung concrete block. The bridge carries trains on a single track about 7m above the River Bann and is roughly 5m wide.

LafargeHolcim Ltd is a Swiss multinational company that manufactures building materials. It has a presence in around 70 countries, and employs around 72,000 employees. LafargeHolcim operates four businesses segments: Cement, Aggregates and Ready-Mix Concrete as well as Solutions & Products, which includes precast concrete, asphalt, mortar and building solutions. LafargeHolcim was formed by the merger on 10 July 2015, of cement companies Lafarge and Holcim, which had combined sales of CHF 26.7 billion in 2019Record net income and free cash flow lafargeholcim.

The chain began as an idea by the former CEO of Marcus Corporation, Steven Marcus to create a limited-service, discount-priced motel chain. The first property, located in Oshkosh, Wisconsin, opened in 1973 and was named Budgetel (the property later became a La Quinta Inn). A prototype hotel was designed in 1984 in the form of a long, linear three or four story boxlike building covered by precast concrete slabs. This design gave the Budgetel hotels a distinctive appearance.

Burlington Community Swimming Pools and Bathhouse in Burlington, Wisconsin, is a historic property that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 23, 2013. The property, located at 394 Amanda Street, consists of a swimming pool and bathhouse that were privately built in 1965. It was listed on the National Register as an "excellent example of contemporary style architecture," including the use of prestressed and precast concrete structural members manufactured in the local area. It was designed by Carl Iverson.

View of JFK Airport's control tower from the AirTrain guideway The AirTrain has a total route length of . The system consists of of single-track guideway viaducts and of double-track guideway viaducts. AirTrain JFK is mostly elevated, though there are short segments that run underground or at ground level. The elevated sections were built with precast single and dual guideway spans, while the underground sections used cut-and-cover, and the ground-level sections used concrete ties and ballast trackbeds.

The single guideway viaducts carry one track each and are wide, while the double guideway viaducts carry two tracks each and are wide. Columns support the precast concrete elevated sections at intervals of up to . The elevated structures use seismic isolation bearings and soundproof barriers to protect from small earthquakes as well as prevent noise pollution. The AirTrain runs on steel tracks that are continuously welded across all joints except at the terminals; the guideway viaducts are also continuously joined.

The advantages of precast concrete panels also allow Harmer to experiment with different shapes, colours and finishes to produce an individual statement for each gallery in the mausoleum. Harmer said although the mausoleum is intended to break the tradition, it does possess a strong link to past. The juxtaposition between the definitive monumental character of the adjacent neoclassical edifice and the irregularly aligned intersecting linear spaces that has no beginning nor end successfully creates a more comforting environment in which to grieve.

The Ottawa architecture firm of Burgess, McLean & MacPhadyen designed the midcentury academic complex with open-ended blocks alternatively faced with long glass expanses in a semi-gambrel formation that make up the curtain walls and precast aggregate panels. The corporate campus or modernist academic acropolis spread across North America in the early 1960s. The entrance is via a deeply recessed terrace that's overhung with small white ceramic tiles and vintage can lights. The long walls are bumped out to float over the foundation.

In 1991, demolition crews were hired to implode the structure.Wrolstad, Mark "Falling monument - Planned Cotton Exchange demolition raises questions on issue of preservation", The Dallas Morning News, June 23, 1994. City inspectors determined that the Cotton Exchange's precast concrete panels, attached during a 1960s renovation, had a high asbestos content and should be removed before implosion. When these were removed, it was discovered that the building's original 1926 exterior was intact and efforts were initiated to save the building from implosion.

The Edmund Barton Building was designed and built for the Commonwealth government over the period 1970 to 1974. The building is of a precast, prestressed concrete construction. Its elements are radically simple: the entire structure was created using repeating patterns of just three different components: 26 metre-long facade beams, 16 metre-long floor beams or 'planks', and 1.5 metre column elements. It contains a total of 50 000 square metres of office space in seven wings, enclosing two courtyards.

The formwork was then moved sideways and the next arch constructed in the same fashion. Once all four arches were erected, the deck was laid on top built from further precast concrete units. The arches bed into solid sandstone bedrock on either side of the river. The bridge as originally tendered for this location was a rather conventional steel cantilever bridge, but one of the contractors tendered the alternative catenary arch design, recognising it was pushing the envelope of existing bridge-building knowledge.

Ancient Roman builders made use of concrete and soon poured the material into moulds to build their complex network of aqueducts, culverts, and tunnels. Modern uses for pre-cast technology include a variety of architectural and structural applications — including individual parts, or even entire building systems. In the modern world, precast panelled buildings were pioneered in Liverpool, England, in 1905. The process was invented by city engineer John Alexander Brodie, a creative genius who also invented the idea of the football goal net.

A hydraulic hammer is a modern type of piling hammer used instead of diesel and air hammers for driving steel pipe, precast concrete, and timber piles. Hydraulic hammers are more environmentally acceptable than older, less efficient hammers as they generate less noise and pollutants. In many cases the dominant noise is caused by the impact of the hammer on the pile, or the impacts between components of the hammer, so that the resulting noise level can be similar to diesel hammers.

It is a steel structure, clad in white precast concrete panels. There are 2140 separate panels that make up the facing of the massive square tower. Retrieved on 2015-09-30 When the tower was built, there was controversy over floors shifting; the shifting was caused by ill-fitting bolt fasteners imported from Japan. These bolts had to be replaced with bolts made in the US, not because the Japanese ones were somehow inferior, they simply did not fit the holes.

Hoffmann Architects self-publishes articles on a quarterly basis, covering topics related to building envelope rehabilitation and professional practice. The eight-page, two-color publication, the Journal, has been produced by the firm since 1983. Beginning with the first issue of 2011, the Journal has been accredited by the AIA to provide Continuing Education System Learning Units. Recent topics include historic window rehabilitation, roof replacement, preservation of Modernist buildings, professional standard of care, precast concrete parking structures, and stone veneer facade systems.

In ceramics, wollastonite decreases shrinkage and gas evolution during firing, increases green and fired strength, maintains brightness during firing, permits fast firing, and reduces crazing, cracking, and glaze defects. Wollastonite is used in a cement announced in 2019 which "reduces the overall carbon footprint in precast concrete by 70%." In metallurgical applications, wollastonite serves as a flux for welding, a source for calcium oxide, a slag conditioner, and to protect the surface of molten metal during the continuous casting of steel.

Rain water is made to flow through these drains to a centralized water storage tank. Water from this tank is designated for nondomestic and gardening purposes. The water storage tank is of brick masonry or R.C.C. The drains for the flow of rainwater and the tank for the storage of rainwater can be constructed using Ferrocement technology. Ferrocement drains are machine-made, precast products about 2.4 to 5 meters long with covers and perforations of the same length at about 25 mm thick.

Caltrans kept two lanes of traffic moving in each direction during daylight hours, then reduced that flow to a single lane in each direction at night. Thus, one trestle was completely closed, and the other trestle had two-way traffic. The concrete segments of the trestle were precast in Petaluma and barged to the site. At monthly intervals, tugs positioned barges with one or two , 500-ton pre-cast concrete roadway segments, which a 900-ton barge-mounted crane lifted into place.

The University Link tunnel is a light rail tunnel in Seattle, Washington. The twin-bore tunnel carries Link Light Rail service on the University Link Extension of Central Link (now Line 1), running from the Downtown Seattle Transit Tunnel to University of Washington station via Capitol Hill station. The tunnels are lined with precast gasketed concrete segments connected with steel bolts and was excavated using three tunnel-boring machines in 2011 and 2012. Light rail service began on March 19, 2016.

The architecture of the area is characterized by the use of precast concrete using a system of a modular frame of 6.24 metres and straight lines.Isabelle Letélié, Le Havre, unusual itineraries, Louviers, Ysec éditions, 2010, p. 31 Another notable architectural work of the central city is that of the House of Culture built in 1982 by the Brazilian architect Oscar Niemeyer and nicknamed "the Volcano" because of the shape of the building.Isabelle Letélié, Le Havre, unusual itineraries, Louviers, Ysec éditions, 2010, p.

The southern terminus of Heung Yuen Wai Highway, known as Fanling Highway Interchange, is where four viaducts connect the highway to Fanling Highway. Built using the balanced cantilever method, the viaducts were assembled from 1,300 pieces of precast concrete segments. The highway travels northeastward as a dual-tube tunnel under Bird's Hill (also known as Lung Shan, ) called Lung Shan Tunnel. The tunnel is the longest land-based road tunnel in Hong Kong, longer than the previous record holder Tate's Cairn Tunnel.

Integrated into the design are generous public spaces, civic plazas, and lush gardens to promote a sense of openness and community between the LAPD and surrounding neighborhoods. This eleven-story building consists of a structural steel tower with two levels of underground parking. The façade is a combination of curtain wall system and precast concrete panels. Responding to the City of Los Angeles’ goal of sustainable building practices, several green building elements were incorporated into the new LAPD Administration Building.

In 2017 the BubbleDeck system caused controversy due to the collapse of a parking garage at Eindhoven airport in the Netherlands. This was due to insufficient shear strength at the interface between the precast concrete slabs, potentially caused by high temperatures during construction. After the incident an investigation was started among buildings using the same flooring system, leading to the closure of several buildings in the Netherlands, including one at the University of Rotterdam and a school building under construction in Hoeven.

The dam is designed with a flat and vertical upstream face and a stepped downstream face. Its downstream steps were formed using wood forms, creating steps with a height of three feet (90 cm). On the upstream side, the team used precast stay-in-place concrete form panels — typically measuring by with a thickness of 5 inches (488×198×13cm;) — to define the face of the dam. The inside face of each of these panels is lined with an impervious geomembrane.

A benefit of using double tees for bridge replacements is to shorten the construction time. Texas has a goal of shortening short-span bridge replacements to one month or less instead of 6 months in traditional bridge constructions. NEXT Beam development started in 2006 by the Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute (PCI) North East to update regional standard on Accelerated Bridge Construction (ABC). The NEXT Beam design was inspired by double-tee designs that have been used to build railroad platform slabs.

Construction materials include, but are not limited to concrete precast walls and siding, "Red Iron" roof trusses, and steel panel roofing. The Grand Castle now houses 508 multi-family units which range from studio to three-story penthouse. There are also plans for 750 covered parking spaces, a clubhouse, a resort-style swimming pool, dog park, and a community beach with fire pits. Additional recreation activities include swimming, fishing, or kayaking at Sanford Lake, a walking trail, and other amenities.

Continuing the architectural style of the precinct, the Assistant Keeper's Quarters is a single storey Victorian Georgian building constructed of rendered precast concrete blocks with a red tile roof. Each dwelling contains four main rooms off a hallway as well as a kitchen, laundry and bathroom, and a detached store and privy. A verandah, with infilled corners, extends around all sides of the dwelling. The dwellings retain much of the original architraves and detailing (including rendered wall finishes, picture rails and doors).

They were laid out in a grid pattern to allow fast and low- cost construction without the need to use a scaffold. Each block is of diameter, the same height as each storey, with a precast concrete floor panel forming the base of each storey and radiating out from a central core. The base of the tower incorporates Y-shaped columns of capstone concrete as also used at Centre Point. The concrete units in the building were made by Portcrete Limited.

An indoor bouldering gym Artificial climbing walls are used to simulate boulder problems in an indoor environment, usually at climbing gyms. These walls are constructed with wooden panels, polymer cement panels, concrete shells, or precast molds of actual rock walls. Holds, usually made of plastic, are then bolted onto the wall to create problems. The walls often feature steep overhanging surfaces which force the climber to employ highly technical movements while supporting much of their weight with their upper body strength.

The initial appearance of 450 West 33rd Street. 5 Manhattan West is a building at 450 West 33rd Street in Hudson Yards, Manhattan, New York City. Also known as Westyard Distribution Center, it was designed by Davis Brody Bond and opened in 1969. The , 16-story building originally had a beige precast concrete facade with a sloped base, and although the facade was cleaned up in 2003, it was seen as out of place with the architecture of the surrounding neighborhood.

This section is the immediate extension of the Bandra-Worli Sea Link further into the heart of Mumbai city. The current design allows for a clover leaf junction at Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan Marg (at Worli) for ramp up of traffic onto the sea link. This includes twin carriageway of 3.315 km termed as main line and connectors at Worli and Haji Ali. While mainline is to be made of entirely precast segmental spans, the connectors will be made of segmental and I beams.

The Delaware Building is a building in the Chicago Loop built in the massive rebuilding effort after the 1871 Great Chicago Fire. It is significant for being one of the few buildings to maintain its 1870s character, as an Italianate structure, in an area dominated by more modern structures. The building is also notable for its early use of a precast concrete façade. The building was designated a Chicago Landmark on November 23, 1983 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places on July 18, 1974.

In the early 1920s, Wright designed a "textile" concrete block system. The system of precast blocks, reinforced by an internal system of bars, enabled "fabrication as infinite in color, texture, and variety as in that rug." Wright first used his textile block system on the Millard House in Pasadena, California, in 1923. Typically Wrightian is the joining of the structure to its site by a series of terraces that reach out into and reorder the landscape, making it an integral part of the architect's vision.

The building is constructed with an in situ cast post tensioned concrete frame sits on top of piled foundations with Precast brickwork spandrels and columns frame openings. The exterior walls are aluminium curtain walling, with timber windows, external rendering, timber and rain screen cladding. The building can hold 500 people and makes the most of a small site. There is car parking to the rear of the building and there is also a multi-storey car park (shared with Endeavour House) with access from Constantine Road.

Brickworks comprises four divisions – Building Products Australia, Building Products North America, Industrial Property, and Investments. Building Products Australia includes Austral Bricks, the country's largest bricks producer, and other leading brands such as Austral Masonry, Austral Precast and Bristile Roofing. Building Products North America is the leading brick producer in the North-east of the United States and includes the flagship brand of Glen-Gery. On surplus land assets, Brickworks has developed extensive industry property assets in conjunction with Joint Venture partner the Goodman Group.

The second through sixth floors of the building are clad in precast concrete panels finished with a thin granite veneer, each of which contains two large windows. The ground floor is contained by a glass curtain wall, and contains a lobby, exhibition space, and an auditorium. The first floor is open space, broken up by the main support columns and three building "cores" which contain elevators and other essential infrastructure. The interior walls were prefabricated to contain electrical wiring, HVAC, and plumbing, and other essential infrastructure.

Modern concrete is usually prepared as a viscous fluid, so that it may be poured into forms, which are containers erected in the field to give the concrete its desired shape. Concrete formwork can be prepared in several ways, such as slip forming and steel plate construction. Alternatively, concrete can be mixed into dryer, non-fluid forms and used in factory settings to manufacture precast concrete products. A wide variety of equipment is used for processing concrete, from hand tools to heavy industrial machinery.

Boston City Hall (1968) is a Brutalist design constructed largely of precast and poured in place concrete. Concrete buildings are more resistant to fire than those constructed using steel frames, since concrete has lower heat conductivity than steel and can thus last longer under the same fire conditions. Concrete is sometimes used as a fire protection for steel frames, for the same effect as above. Concrete as a fire shield, for example Fondu fyre, can also be used in extreme environments like a missile launch pad.

The stadium held two world records upon its completion: the tallest prestressed floodlight towers at 120 feet and the biggest cantilever shell roofs. The floodlight towers, constructed from Hume culvert pipes, was also the first prestressed tower in the world which was made from precast culvert pipe units. Another interesting feat accomplished at the time is that all four towers were erected without using a crane. The shell roof for the grandstand, made out of concrete, was chosen as it was both economically affordable and aesthetically beautiful.

Unity Structures prefab, preserved at the Chiltern Open Air Museum Unity Structures were a construction company based in Rickmansworth. Using common storey-level precast reinforced concrete panels, they produced various updated versions of their bungalow and twin-storey house variations. Using metal bracing within the cavity and metal joists connected at column joints, the PRC columns act as mullions. Copper straps tie the inner panel to outer PRC panel on earlier variants, while later the copper strap fixed to column holding just outer PRC cladding panels.

The Phyllis J. Tilley Memorial Bridge crosses over the Trinity River connecting Trinity Park to a new trail that terminates in downtown Fort Worth. This 368' (112m) long steel stressed ribbon/arch combination bridge is the first of its kind in North America. A steel arch with a span of 163' (49.5m) supports steel stress ribbons and precast concrete planks over the river complementing the adjacent historic Lancaster Avenue vehicular bridge. The arch spans the entire river and the steel stress ribbons rest upon the arch.

The monument was largely conceived by Mirjana Marković, the leader of the Yugoslav Left and wife of Yugoslav president Slobodan Milošević. It was originally planned to have a height of 78 meters, to symbolize the 78 days of the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia. It was completed in only 10 days ("overnight") without following any of the legal standards and procedures for such objects, being at odds with the legal procedures stipulated by the city administration. Very arrangement of the precast concrete elements actually lasted only 9 days.

It is also the only nineteenth century prison constructed by the Harbours and Rivers Navigation Branch of the Department of Public Works. It contains the only example of a double storey cell block constructed of precast mass concrete block in NSW. The gaol complex is unusual in that its isolation allowed it and its outlying places of residence and storage to be relatively open, an uncommon feature in nineteenth century prisons in NSW. The gaol was one of five internment camps for Germans during WWI.

Its northern terminus is US 175; its southern terminus is Interstate 45. The northern section is a freeway to Overton Road, just south of the Trinity River bridge, and a surface street from there to its southern terminus. The southbound bridge is the original simple steel girder bridge from abutment to abutment while the northbound is newer and largely precast concrete - the only steel girders are the longer spans directly over the river. The southbound bridge was repainted by CEKRA for TxDOT in late 2015.

Dungeness Lighthouse on the Dungeness Headland started operation on 20 November 1961. Its construction was prompted by the building of Dungeness nuclear power station, which obscured the light of its predecessor (dating from 1904) which, though decommissioned, remains standing. The new lighthouse (the fifth on the site) is constructed of precast concrete rings; its pattern of black and white bands is impregnated into the concrete. It remains in use today, monitored and controlled from the Trinity House Operations and Planning Centre at Harwich, Essex.

Construction of new Braddock Dam, started in 1999, was completed in May 2004 using innovative in-the-wet construction techniques. Two prefabricated hollow concrete segments were constructed at an off-site dry-dock and floated into place and set down on a prefabricated foundation system of sheet-pile cut-off walls and large diameter drilled shafts socketed into bedrock. The float-in segments were built with precast wall panels and cast-in-place bottom and top slabs. Weight of the first by segment was .

The facade is of polished granite and precast concrete in two colors. An atrium three stories in height with 36-foot (11 m) long arched steel trusses forms the lobby. Two very small parks exist on the triangular parcel of land, which are owned by the National Park Service. Acadiana, a 185-seat upscale restaurant on the ground floor which served Louisiana-and Cajun-style seafood was cited by Esquire magazine as one of the best new restaurants in the entire United States in 2006.

On early March 27, 2015, a 500 square foot area of the roof of the 1960s section of the school building collapsed under the weight of snow and ice. The precast concrete exterior walls buckled, prompting the city to demolish a section of the walls to prevent another collapse. The tender to demolish the school was scheduled to close on April 7, but was extended so bidders could address any issues caused by the roof collapse. Demolition of the school began in August 2015.

The continued construction was designed as a fully prefabricated reinforced concrete element structure. From the geometrically complicated form in view of its structural points, the single elements had to be broken down into precast components outlined with straight lines to the greatest possible extent. Walls had been designed as hollow boxes, which, when assembled, give the building its massive appearance. All arched shapes of the galleries and vaults were transformed into assemblies of elements curved into two dimensions, which, having been erected, formed three-dimensional shapes.

A 10-foot high stained glass window was preserved from the Carnegie Library and incorporated into the foyer of the new library. At the time of its completion in 1973, Canadian Architect wrote of the project: "In the middle of this urban desert, George Bemi’s Ottawa Public Library sits as an unexpected and welcome relief".The Ottawa Public Library, The Canadian Architect Dossier, Dec 1974, 42-46. The white, precast concrete stands in contrast to the surrounding glass office towers and preserves the identity of the library.

The Buffalo City Court Building is named Frank A. Sedita City Court (for Buffalo mayor Frank A. Sedita), and designed by Pfohl, Roberts and Biggie. It is a 10-story court house built in 1974 and located in Niagara Square and adjacent to Buffalo City Hall. The structure is a classic example of Brutalist architecture; its façade is dominated by large Precast concrete panels with narrow windows. The design was conceived with limited windows in order to keep the courtrooms and judges' chambers free from outside distraction.

On completion of the arch, the piers (stressed vertically using the Lee McCall system) were constructed on both the arch and approaches. These supported the deck which is a waffle construction of eight longitudinal precast prestressed "T" beams with four intermediate cast-in-place transverse beams per span, and with cast in place fillers between the "T" beams. At its northern end, the deck flares out from its six lanes to accommodate the diverging traffic lanes feeding both Victoria Road and Burns Bay Road.

Ducts were set in the curb and ceiling approximately every along the length of the Posey Tube, providing a system of "transverse" ventilation from bottom-to-top, rather than end-to-end, ensuring that any fires would not spread through the length of the tunnel. Typical section of Webster Street tube; Posey Tube sections are similar. It was the first precast concrete tube to be constructed, assembled from 12 large segments. The concrete tube was protected from leaks through insulation and coverings applied to the outer surface.

The Tonkens House is a single story, three bedroom, two bathroom private residence, designed in the Usonian Automatic style. The house is situated on a partially developed 3.54-acre property in Amberley Village, Ohio and measures some 2,100 square feet. An early 20th-century guest cottage also occupies the property, a remnant of its earlier use as a farm. The Usonian Automatic style was Frank Lloyd Wright's final architectural period and is based on a modular design system that employed interlocking, precast concrete blocks.

Pipes from the I-395 tunnel (which runs below the building) run up through the building's walls and vent at the corners of the window frames, dispersing automobile exhaust fumes high in the air. Each concrete unit is thick and weighs almost 13 tons (11.8 metric tonnes)."Robert C. Weaver Federal Building, Washington, DC: Building Overview," August 4, 2009. The firm which supplied the window frames had no previous experience producing architectural concrete, but instead had supplied precast forms for bridges and parking garages.

The exterior consist of identical precast concrete panels that are attached to a reinforced concrete frame. It is attached to the more modern Redpath library extension by a bridge walkway. The main entrance to McLennan library is now at the south end of the concrete terraced due to the Redpath library entrance being closed after the terrace renovations ended in January 2014, due to a lack of funding by McGill's administration. All traffic between floors is controlled by the central stairwell and elevator core.

A uniform terrazzo floor in a German church One of the most well known examples of terrazzo flooring is the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Terrazzo is a composite material, poured in place or precast, which is used for floor and wall treatments. It consists of chips of marble, quartz, granite, glass, or other suitable material, poured with a cementitious binder (for chemical binding), polymeric (for physical binding), or a combination of both. Metal strips often divide sections, or changes in color or material in a pattern.

The structure was constructed of precast concrete with waffle concrete floor slabs. There were four plant floors at the top of the tower and 100 car park spaces in a basement car park that became disused upon the discovery of asbestos. The office block was accessed via a stainless steel surround doorway on Newhall Street, where the land began to drop, exposing the ventilation grills for the basement. The entrance here appeared to be of a later date to the rest of the building.

Arches In order to ensure that the balance of the loads applied to the arches was maintained throughout the curing process, the arches were filled with concrete in two phases. Each arch was divided into 5 m long watertight modules, filled alternately in each phase with self-compacting concrete. Deck Once the arch was rigid, precast slabs were situated over the steel beams of the deck and then it was concreted from the centre towards the exterior in order to reduce strains and forces acting during construction.

The building has been favorably compared to buildings in New York City. It will be his second project in Chicago; previously, he created the plans for the JCDecaux bus shelters. 451 E. Grand Avenue will be built with a limestone base, while the rest of the building will be precast concrete, similar to many of Stern's buildings elsewhere. However, the concrete will be colored and textured to resemble other buildings in the Streeterville area and adhere to the neo-deco and neo-Gothic styles prevalent in Chicago.

When the fair ended, the contents of the grounds were sold to the Chicago House Wrecking Company of Chicago for US$92,000 ($ in dollars). Demolition of the buildings began in March 1902, and within a year, most of the buildings were demolished. The grounds were then cleared and subdivided to be used for residential streets, homes, and park land. Similar to previous world fairs, most of the buildings were constructed of timber and steel framing with precast staff panels made of a plaster/fiber mix.

The AON Centre is one of Melbourne’s earliest examples of the International Style in office design and was the key point in the commencement of a series of black clad commercial and institutional buildings designed and produced by the Yuncken Freeman Architects firm throughout the later half of the 21st Century.Goad, Philip (2009). Guide to Melbourne Architecture, 2nd Ed., The Watermark Press, Borowa, NSW. . The building uses a curtain wall façade system in conjunction with precast concrete clad panels finished in reconstructed black granite.

After 1857 the building was transferred to the newly founded Oxfordshire County Constabulary as its headquarters. In 1969 it was demolished and replaced by Macclesfield House, a building of precast concrete which until the 2000s was one of the offices of Oxfordshire County Council. On the north side of New Road is a small Gothic Revival building designed by Charles Buckeridge and built in 1863.Sherwood & Pevsner, 1974, page 303 It was first a court house, then the Probate Registry, and is now private offices.

Materials for the lighthouse were brought by boat into Cabbage Tree Harbour and unloaded onto a wharf which had been constructed for this purpose. The lighthouse was completed in 1903. It follows in all essentials the precast block construction method using local aggregates which was first introduced at Point Perpendicular in 1899. It was the last staffed lighthouse constructed in NSW. Also constructed 1902/3 were: a lightkeeper's cottage with garden (concrete blocks with terracotta tiles of the Marseilles pattern on the roof); a small building for a fuel store, workshop and paint store and earth closet (concrete blocks with terracotta tiles of the Marseilles pattern on the roof); Assistant Keeper's duplex (eastern and western quarters) built of concrete blocks with terracotta tiles of the Marseilles pattern on the roof; a signal house constructed as a flag house for the flagstaff (constructed of precast concrete blocks painted, cemented inside, with roof of concrete); a timber flagstaff; a stables constructed of concrete blocks with terracotta tiles of the Marseilles pattern for the roof; and two small fuel stores (earth closet and sink) constructed of concrete blocks, with roofs of terracotta tiles of the Marseilles pattern.

The $15.6 million O'Connell Center broke ground in October 1977 in a parking lot across the street from Florida Field. Construction was delayed on both the Sun Dome and the O'Connell Center when cracks appeared in precast concrete support beams. The problems were fixed after several months, and the sister facilities were completed within a few weeks of each other in late 1980 – the Sun Dome in November and the O'Connell Center in December.Walbolt, Dan (Interviewee) and Huse, Andrew T. (Interviewer), Dan Walbolt oral history interview by Andrew Huse, July 13, 2004 (2004).

Statue of Brigadier Andrew Gault in front of National Arts Centre in Ottawa, Ontario Canada Interior view of National Arts Centre in Ottawa, Ontario showing suspended glass sculpture Crystal DNA The building, designed by Fred Lebensold, is in the Brutalist style and is based on the shape of a triangle and hexagon. The building is constructed of reinforced concrete. The exterior and many interior walls are faced with precast concrete panels containing exposed aggregate of crushed brown Laurentian granite. The centre rises from a base that sits on a 950-space underground parking garage.

It was subdivided into lots approximately 40 feet by 140 feet in size, and in five locations he designed L-shaped the streets. He built a mixture of homes, brick and precast concrete, bungalows and story-and-halfs, two, three and four bedrooms. It was very rare for the Toronto area at that time to find a subdivision that was not on perfectly straight streets and where all the houses were not identical to each other. Street names were all English locations like Chelsea Dr., Fulham Dr., Norfolk Dr., etc.

The Bison industrialised building system is a precast concrete building system used in high rise flats, developed by Bison Manufacturing Ltd, Dartford, Kent which had been founded in 1919 to build military pill-boxes. The Bison wall- frame construction system was a construction method used in tower block construction. It was launched in 1963 by Concrete Ltd who set up factories across the UK to pre-fabricate the parts it. It was not a frame structure as such, instead pre-cast concrete panels formed the structure of high rise blocks.

About of the rightmost two lanes on Bukit Timah Road has been closed off to traffic after a nearby drain embankment caved in on 17 January 2012 in the course of tunnelling works for the Downtown Line. Engineers found a 14m precast segment of the Bukit Timah canal wall near the junction of Bukit Timah Road and Clementi Road dislodged, and some gaps in the ground were formed around that segment of the canal. It then stopped its tunnelling works to ensure safety and has begun to inject cement to stabilise the ground.

A segmental bridge is a bridge built in short sections (called segments), i.e., one piece at a time, as opposed to traditional methods that build a bridge in very large sections. The bridge is made of concrete that is either cast-in-place (constructed fully in its final location) or precast concrete (built at another location and then transported to their final location for placement in the full structure). These bridges are very economical for long spans (over 100 meters), especially when access to the construction site is restricted.

The building was designed by Edward Charles Bassett of Skidmore, Owings & Merrill for Hartford Insurance, its initial tenant. It is architecturally significant, featuring a tall modernist lobby, high ceilings, and an exterior skeleton of floor-to-ceiling windows recessed into a square gridwork of precast white reinforced concrete. When this tower was completed in 1964, it was the second in San Francisco larger than . For a time it was also California's tallest building, replacing both the Russ Building in San Francisco and the Los Angeles City Hall in Los Angeles, California.

Each of the E-44 type turbines with rotor diameter at hub height generates 900 KW power. 50 of the wind turbines are atop of steel towers while the rest were installed on precast concrete towers. In the second phase, 31 wind turbines were erected, one of E-44 type and 30 of E-70 type, which having a rotor diameter of at hub height generate each 2.3 MW. The second phase extended the wind farm's power capacity about 60.9 MW. The area has extreme winter conditions that cause icing of the rotor blades.

FAT also did the £3.5 million makeover of the Saint Lucas Art Academy in Boxtel with "clever space planning behind a new facade of pseudo-gothic tracery in moulded concrete." FAT was brought in with a limited budget by the KesselsKramer advertising firm, whose church office it had designed 10 years prior, to help establish the technical art college for young students (16–20 years), in a more suitable and striking building. FAT wrapped the school in a precast pop- gothic wall.Staff (26 January 2007) "Works: Gothic novel".

Options for non-combustible construction include floors, ceilings and roofs made of cast-in-place and hollow-core precast concrete. For walls, concrete masonry technology and Insulating Concrete Forms (ICFs) are additional options. ICFs are hollow blocks or panels made of fireproof insulating foam that are stacked to form the shape of the walls of a building and then filled with reinforced concrete to create the structure. Concrete also provides good resistance against externally applied forces such as high winds, hurricanes, and tornadoes owing to its lateral stiffness, which results in minimal horizontal movement.

63–128 with the service tunnel always preceding the main ones by at least to ascertain the ground conditions. There was plenty of experience with excavating through chalk in the mining industry, while the undersea crossover caverns were a complex engineering problem. The French one was based on the Mount Baker Ridge freeway tunnel in Seattle; the UK cavern was dug from the service tunnel ahead of the main ones, to avoid delay. Precast segmental linings in the main TBM drives were used, but two different solutions were used.

Houses at Cansado, Mauritania. Dimitrijevic was involved in several projects in Africa, including the LWD's first project, the 1953 design of the Hôtel de France in Conakry, Guinea. In this building the architects created a frame building with concrete walls lined with precast granite, with rooms designed to promote natural ventilation. Other projects including planning the mineral port of Boké in Guinea (1955), the city of Taïba Mbaye in Senegal (1957), the Sandgarejdi mine in Guinea (1957), the development plan for Abidjan in Côte d'Ivoire (1959) and a program for industrial expansion in Cameroon (1964).

500 Capitol Mall, also known as the 'Bank of the West Tower', is a 25-story high-rise on Capitol Mall in downtown Sacramento with a 10-level, 800 stall parking garage. The building consists of a 5-story atrium/lobby, ground floor retail, office space, and a 2-level penthouse restaurant or meeting facility. The structure has a steel frame and features a granite curtain wall with stone-on-precast and stone-on- truss panels on the exterior. The building, opened for business and welcomed its first tenant on May 26, 2009.

Internal partitions are constructed of breeze blocks finished in plaster, as is the foamslag internal cladding. The floors are constructed of precast concrete flooring units, with timber flooring on timber runners. Due to both the speed of construction and the quality of production, over time the PRC deteriorates, particularly at construction joints and junctions between components, with a gradual reduction in structural effectiveness. This resulted in the Orlit being designated as defective under the Housing Defects Act 1984, and hence a majority of mortgage lenders will not give any form of mortgage on them.

DeSimone developed a curved "root" exoskeleton structure to support the building. The record setting auger cast pile deep foundation system was installed by HJ Foundation, part of the keller Group. Like with The Grove at Grand Bay project, placing the buildings support systems on the exterior allows for increased space inside and reduces the amount of materials used. The exoskeleton structure was originally purely cosmetic, but DeSimone was able to integrate the design into the structural engineering, creating the exterior support structure out of hollow, precast, concrete panels.

Construction work in the interior was carried out to reinforce the beams and columns, while retrofitting done on the exterior to restore the façade. Although studies carried out before the renovation work began showed most of the raft foundation was still in good condition, water from the adjacent Singapore River had seeped slowly into some of the foundation's cells over the years, flooding parts of the old basement. As a result, a new precast concrete platform was built over the cells, and waterproofing added. Pillars supporting the entire building now rest on the platform.

The roof is made of folded plate plywood with a white roof coating on the exterior and light blue paint beneath. The interior has a pebble-finished concrete floor of around , with inward-facing precast concrete benches around the rim. Early designs for the gazebo had it on a small island near the south shore of the lake, accessed by a footbridge, but it was ultimately built by the water's edge at Auditorium Shores. The gazebo was designed by architect J. Sterry Nill, the husband of NAWIC Austin chapter President Lori Nill.

The pub near the railway station was built to house a cultural hall, which became the largest facility of its kind in the Plzeň-North District. Since 1990 the private companies have transformed the mining facilities for the production of precast concrete, interlocking tiles, and several other products. Several apartment buildings were built near the concrete plant and near the soccer field in the center of the village. In recent times the northern and eastern side of the village square was demolished and planning for the site includes a small mall.

The critical aspect to this project, according to Harmer, was the orientation of the spaces. . By re-defining what a mausoleum should be, Harmer stressed that the mausoleum should not be totally enclosed, but otherwise, it should be partially opened to the landscape elements and water features. In conjunction with the semi-enclosed idea, Harmer also intended to distinguish the five galleries from one another. By opting for a more durable and monumental material - standard precast concrete, Harmer successfully portrayed a dramatic monumentality of the building form and defined the spaces within the structure effectively.

Bank of the West Tower, also known as Five Hundred Capitol Mall, is a 25-story high-rise in downtown Sacramento, California with a 10-level, 800 stall parking garage. The building consists of a 5-story atrium/lobby, ground floor retail, office space, and a 2-level penthouse restaurant or meeting facility. The structure has a steel frame and features a granite curtain wall with stone-on-precast and stone-on-truss panels on the exterior. The building, opened for business and welcomed its first tenant on May 26, 2009.

In total, 30,960 precast concrete lining segments were used. Concreting of the final interconnecting passage was completed on 24 June 2013, marking the end of construction of the tunnel walls. On 14 April 2014, civil engineering work on the tunnel was completed, but railroad signaling and equipment still needed to be installed. Service on the LGV Est line was originally scheduled to begin on 3 April 2016; however, a fatal accident that occurred elsewhere on the new line in November 2015 during commissioning tests delayed the opening of the line until 3 July 2016.

Following the boardwalk's construction, sand has been redeposited on the beaches via beach nourishment, and is held in place by around two dozen groynes. The boardwalk has a steel and concrete foundation supporting wood planking for the walkway, though much of this is no longer visible due to the beach having been raised after the boardwalk was constructed. The boardwalk is designed to handle a maximum load of . To accomplish this, Farley installed a precast concrete-girder structure under the boardwalk on the advice of J.W. Hackney, who designed Atlantic City's boardwalk.

Former Charlotte Coca-Cola Bottling Company Plant is a historic Coca-Cola bottling factory building located at Charlotte, Mecklenburg County, North Carolina. It was built in 1929–1930, and is a two-story, reinforced concrete building with a red brick veneer and decorative concrete detailing and Art Deco design elements. The building has a rectangular plan measuring 110 feet by 185 feet, parapet, and Coca-Cola bottles, sculpted of precast concrete, which crown the corner pilasters. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.

Advances in computer-aided design technology, materials and manufacturing capabilities have assisted a growth in alternate forms of pre-engineered building such as the tension fabric building and more sophisticated analysis (e.g. three-dimensional) as is required by some building codes.National Building Code of Canada 2005 Cold formed Z- and C-shaped members may be used as secondary structural elements to fasten and support the external cladding. Roll-formed profiled steel sheet, wood, tensioned fabric, precast concrete, masonry block, glass curtainwall or other materials may be used for the external cladding of the building.

Rojas Magallanes is an elevated metro station on the Line 4 of the Santiago Metro, in Santiago, Chile. The station has two side platforms and two tracks on a precast concrete segmental viaduct with single central columns. It is enclosed in a tubular structure with elliptical cross section, from which protrude two balcony-like structures containing stairs that lead to the mezzanine level. The station was opened on 30 November 2005 as part of the inaugural section of the line between Vicente Valdés and Plaza de Puente Alto.

The Captain Cook Bridge is a road bridge that carries Taren Point and Rocky Point Roads across the Georges River in southern Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. The precast prestressed concrete girder bridge crosses near the river mouth as it empties into Botany Bay; and links the St George and Sutherland areas of Sydney. The bridge comprises a dual carriageway with three lanes in each direction of highway grade-separated conditions; and pedestrian and bicycle traffic, via two grade-separated paths. on the eastern and western sides of the bridge.

The headquarters of Minute Maid The complex has of retail space, of Class A office space, the Sugar Land City Hall, the Sugar Land Marriott and Conference Center, condominiums, and restaurants. The six story office building in Sugar Land Town Square has of Class A office space and of retail space on the ground floor. The building, with Lee Mitchell of Ambrose, McEnany and House Architects as the lead architect has a steel frame and a brick veneer. The exteriors have precast concrete, glass, granite, and metal panels and glass.

The design was based around a pair of towers at 45 degree angles to the Hoddle Grid, with the triangular spaces between forming an open plaza to the street and a shopping court behind the towers. All open spaces are covered by a space frame, with transparent plastic roofing. The hotel occupies the top 15 floors of the 35 Collins Street tower, expressed by smaller exterior windows, and which features a dramatic interior atrium the whole 15 levels. The whole complex is clad in tan-coloured precast masonry panels.

The Duke Energy Center is a tall, 48-floor (54 floors including mechanical floors) skyscraper in Charlotte, North Carolina. When completed in 2010, it was the largest building in Charlotte (in square footage), second tallest building in Charlotte, 63rd tallest building in the United States, and the tallest in the world to use precast double tees. The building is named for its anchor tenant, Duke Energy, and both the tower and the adjacent cultural arts campus are owned by Wells Fargo. Sonnenschein will use on the 34th and 35th floors and Deloitte will use .

The combined structure's amenities include a rooftop deck with cabanas, a fitness center, a residents' lounge, a swimming pool, and spaces for coworking. The buildings comprise a single structure; the massing is designed so that the upper stories of One South First are carried over the top of Ten Grand upon a glass-clad structure. The facade is made of precast concrete, which the architects stated is based on sugar crystals' molecular structure. The panels for One South First generally measure , while the panels for Ten Grand and the shared base measure .

The building replaced the Michael J. Dillon Courthouse as Buffalo's primary federal courthouse, and is currently home to the U.S. District Court, Court of Appeals, U.S. Probation, U.S. Marshals, U.S. Attorney and GSA. The building was designed and constructed to achieve a LEED- NC Gold certification through the U.S. Green Building Council. The courthouse pavilion lobby contains monumental colored glass panels designed by Buffalo- area native Robert Mangold, a major figure in the geometric abstraction movement. The building won the 2011 Award for Design and Manufacturing Excellence from the Architectural Precast Association.

The Sagadahoc Bridge is a four-lane concrete segmental box girder bridge between the City of Bath and the town of Woolwich, Maine, carrying U.S. Route 1 (US 1) over the Kennebec River. It was completed in 2000 to replace the two- lane road portion of the adjoining 1927 Carlton Bridge, which remains in use as a rail bridge. It is and features the longest precast concrete segmental span in North America at . It is also notable for being the first design/build project undertaken by the Maine Department of Transportation.

Long Key Bridge is officially named for former U.S. Representative Dante B. Fascell Opening in 1982, the current bridge was built as part of a modernization effort for the entire Overseas Highway to replace the aging historic bridges originally built for the Overseas Railroad. The current bridge is a box-girder structure built from precast, prestressed concrete sections. The bridge consists of 103 spans total, two of which are 117 feet long with the remaining spans at a length of 118 feet. The spans are supported by a series of "V"-shaped piers.

Rebars of Sagrada Família's roof in construction (2009) Many different types of structures and components of structures can be built using reinforced concrete including slabs, walls, beams, columns, foundations, frames and more. Reinforced concrete can be classified as precast or cast-in-place concrete. Designing and implementing the most efficient floor system is key to creating optimal building structures. Small changes in the design of a floor system can have significant impact on material costs, construction schedule, ultimate strength, operating costs, occupancy levels and end use of a building.

Steel erection began in June 1963. Erection was carried out by means of two derricks which ran along tracks extending over the length of the switch house. As soon as the steelwork contractor had moved out of the first bays, the civil contractor began work on erecting precast concrete structures, forming trenches and tidying up the surfacing. Access within the switch house was made easier by a decision to lay 228-millimetre-diameter (9 in) ducts to take many of the cables beneath the surface, thus eliminating numerous trenches.

The tunnel is 260 metres long and consists of a single bore of diameter 2.96 metres. It was built in pipe-jacking using a Herrenknecht tunnel-boring machine and 2.5-metre-long precast reinforced-concrete pipes. The tunnel leads from the southern edge of the East Link Bridge, underneath the River Liffey towards the North Quay Wall, approximately 150 metres west of 3Arena. The drive and reception shafts are respectively 19 m and 22 m deep, leaving the tunnel passing approximately 8 m below the shipping channel of the river.

Bofill's design studies for precast concrete units contributed in the 1980s, to the Taller's affirmation of the validity of classical forms and geometry in contemporary architecture. Today, Ricardo is seen as one of the founding European Postmodernists. In the 1990s, the inclusion of glass and steel amongst the materials used in his projects is simply the outcome of a process marked by the study of and research into forms and materials, as seen in the BNP Paribas Headquarters and Parfums Christian Dior Headquarters in Paris, and United Airlines Headquarters in Chicago.

The precast concrete double-wall panel has been in use in Europe for decades. The original double-wall design consisted of two wythes of reinforced concrete separated by an interior void, held together with embedded steel trusses. With recent concerns about energy use, it is recognized that using steel trusses creates a "thermal bridge" that degrades thermal performance. Also, since steel does not have the same thermal expansion coefficient as concrete, as the wall heats and cools any steel that is not embedded in the concrete can create thermal stresses that cause cracking and spalling.

Admiral Fetterman Field Admiral Fetterman Field is a , 5,038 seat multi-use stadium. Construction includes precast concrete bowl seating, steel framed elevated slabs, post-tensioned slabs-on-grade, and an auger cast pile foundation with concrete grade beams and pile caps. This project was custom designed to meet the needs for the use by a minor league baseball team as well as for accommodating other sporting and festival type events. The structure and slab- on-grade was pile supported due to poor soil conditions and concern over scour from hurricanes.

The lock is designed to be precast nearby and floated to site, immediately north of the existing lock. Ancillary and collateral work includes replacement of the adjacent St. Claude Avenue Bridge and nearby Florida Avenue Bridge. Opponents of the replacement project argue that, in addition to causing environmental problems and economic disruption, lock construction is economically unjustified. Deep-draft ship traffic through the existing lock, for instance, declined by 29 percent between 1983 and 1991; and the primary barge commodity, coal, is projected to continue declining due to a number of economic and political factors.

Seri Setia Bridge is a main bridge in Putrajaya, Malaysia. The Seri Setia Bridge is located in the southeastern corner of Putrajaya, providing a vital link between Precinct 19 and the Commercial Precinct and the main route to the core island from the southeast. Made up of eight equal spans of 30 metres each, the bridge has lancet-arch designs on its railing that complement the fascia panels on its side. Among the features of this bridge are precast fascia panels, planter boxes on the medians, railings with architectural features and illuminations with decorative lightings.

Two examples of this change in direction are the Urban housing project in Finsbury Park built with a loadbearing wall of brickwork and precast concrete, and the Centre for the applied arts in Ruthin that adopted structure and pigmented façade elements made of concrete cast in situ. From 2010 Sergison Bates architects were awarded commissions through design competitions for projects in Flanders (Belgium), Switzerland and Austria. In 2016 the firm completed their most prestigious building to date, the Welcome centre and offices for the Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research in Shanghai (China).

In 1995, owing to extensive deterioration of the bridge deck and precast sidewalk panels, two lanes were closed alternately for resurfacing the deck with a high performance concrete, followed by a waterproof membrane, and asphalt. Recent traffic accidents that highlighted important safety deficiencies prompted the installation of no-posts at the median and curbs. The deck joints were again replaced, and deteriorated concrete on the bridge underside removed and patched. The cast-in-place concrete girders of the southern approach were vulnerable to collapse from movements during soil liquefaction.

This system evolved from the earlier use of tee systems where the flanges of the T-beams were connected. The concrete is then poured at the top of the tees during the construction to create the floor surface, hence the process is called field- placed concrete topping. In double-tee structures, the top concrete is usually made at the factory as an integral part of the precast double tee structure. Double tees are connected during the construction without topping with concrete to create the parking structure floor surface.

The tunnel is long and made up of six precast concrete sections (length: ; height: ; width: ). The sections were floated into position by barge and then sunk into a shallow trench that had been dug into the loose sand and silt of the river bed. The trench and tunnel sections were then covered over with a protective layer of rock— stones filled out on each side, plus a bed of stones on top. A structure located at each end of the tunnel houses the main ventilation and pumping equipment.

The building was inspired by Eero Saarinen's General Motors Technical Center The stairwell The complex consists of two wings connected by a glass corridor. The three- storey office wing, 91 m long and 14 m wide, is constructed of pillars, precast crossbeams and floor slabs. The loadbearing gable walls are clad in dark stone while the longitudinal curtain walls consist of grey glass set in metal frames with stainless steel trimmings. The wing consists of 1 m facade modules, flexible partitions and a central corridor broken only by a two- flight steel and glass staircase.

Ascot railway station, as seen from McGill Avenue, 2009 The station comprises two buildings, one on each side of the rail line. The 1880s station building, on the north- east side of the line, is a timber-framed and clad structure with sections of exposed framing, while the 1914 building, on the south-west side of the track, is of precast concrete with decorative timber lattice elements. Both buildings have terracotta tiled gable roofs with large overhangs. A timber pedestrian overbridge is located just south of the station buildings, connecting the course to McGill Avenue.

The Hammersmith & City and Circle lines share all their stations and most of the track with other lines. The Bakerloo, Central, Jubilee, Northern, Piccadilly, Victoria and Waterloo & City lines are deep- level tubes, with smaller trains that run in two circular tunnels with a diameter of about , lined with cast-iron or precast concrete rings, which were bored using a tunnelling shield. It is these that were the tube lines, although since the 1950s the term "tube" has come to be used to refer to the whole London Underground system.

The Head Keeper's Quarters, to the south of the lighthouse tower and orientated to the east, is a stand-alone single storey building constructed of rendered precast concrete blocks with a red tile roof in the Victorian Georgian style. The quarters contains five main rooms off a central hallway as well as a kitchen, laundry and bathroom, and a detached store and privy. A verandah, with infilled corners, extends around all sides of the dwelling. The dwelling retains much of its original architraves and detailing (including rendered wall finishes, picture rails and doors).

The overall design was inspired by the Roman thermal baths as people can go to congregate in most of the various pools year round. The simple exterior of the building is a precast concrete painted black with a grey base and random windows of varying sizes. Inside there are of over 6 indoor and outdoor pools in different areas including an Olympic sized lap pool and children's play area. Most of the interior consists of straight, boxy designs painted in white with the exception of a children's play area which is multicolored.

The disadvantage of this system is reduced resolution compared to polyacrylamide systems. Elchrom Scientific sells Spreadex gels which are precast, can be high throughput and are more sensitive than standard polyacrylamide gels. Advanced Analytical Technologies Inc sells the AdvanCE FS96 dsDNA Fluorescent System which is a 96 capillary electrophoresis system that has several advantages over traditional methods; including ability to separate large fragments (up to 40kb), no desalting or precipitation step required, short run times (~30 minutes), sensitivity to 5pg/ul and no need for fluorescent labeled primers.

Animation depicting construction of multi-story building using aluminum handset formwork. Steel and plywood formwork for poured in place concrete foundation Cast-in-place concrete is a technology of construction of buildings where walls and slabs of the buildings are cast at the site in the formwork. This differs from precast concrete technology where slabs are cast elsewhere and then brought to the construction site and assembled. It uses concrete slabs for walls instead of bricks or wooden panels, and formwork is used for both walls and roof.

Gold Gields House was built for Consolidated Gold Fields by a joint venture of Mainline, Dilingham and Haunstrup.New look at Circular Quay Canberra Times 16 December 1965 page 28Final touches to Gold Fields House Daily Telegraph 6 November 1966 page 20Tenants moving into balancing block on Quay Sydney Morning Herald 6 December 1966 page 25 It contained 4,000 tons of structural steel and took two years to complete. The steel frame had cellular steel floors topped with concrete. Its precast concrete panels were supported at floor level and span between the structural columns.

In June 2018, an unidentified foreign buyer purchased Minneapolis City Center and the adjoining 33 South Sixth building for US$320 million, establishing a record-breaking sale for office-designated buildings in Minnesota. Minneapolis-based Ryan Companies serves as the new manager of the retail complex according to city documents. Upon the news, Ryan Companies announced plans to renovate the center in order to create better access to Nicollet Mall. On August 1, 2019, the US$3 million renovation began on the mall's eastern facade, beginning with the removal process of precast concrete panels.

In 1999, Naperville was designated a White House Millennium Community, due to the construction of the Moser Tower and Millennium Carillon. The 158-foot-tall Moser tower is just on north of Aurora Avenue and at the base of Rotary Hill within the Riverwalk Park complex. The tower's design won an award for "Best Custom Solution" from the Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute (PCI). The Millennium Carillon is designated as one of the four largest carillons in the world, with 72 bronze bells weighing from 10 pounds to the 6-ton "Captain Joseph Naper Bell".

After retiring from the University of Tokyo in 1963, Muto became executive vice president of Kajima Corporation, a major construction company. He also founded his own company, the Muto Institute of Structural Mechanics, in 1965. At Kajima, he led the team that designed Japan's first high-rise building, the 36-story Kasumigaseki Building. Among his innovations for this building was first energy dissipation system used in Japan, a slit wall system consisting of precast reinforced concrete strips that stabilized the building under strong winds and small earthquakes and absorbed the energy of strong earthquakes.

A sheet of flexible stone veneer illustrating its flexible nature Wall application A sheet of flexible stone veneer being cut and bent Flexible stone veneer is made from a thin layer of stone stripped or peeled from a metamorphic stone marble chips or slab, rather than cutting from a solid stone or precast composite material. Thin veneers (from .5mm to 2mm thick) of slate, schist, or sandstone (metamorphic rocks) are pulled away from the original thicker stone slabs by adhering a thin layer of fiberglass/polyester resin composite backing. There is no grinding of the surface to make it thinner.

It was a unique renovation project in that the building's thousands of precast concrete exterior panels were replaced with replicated panels made of modern materials and fit to historic standards. The original facade panels were cast using an inferior concrete mix and flawed techniques which, over time, caused the panels to buckle and deteriorate. Molds were made from the original panels, sharpened by an artist to capture all the details, and new panels were created as exact replicas (to historic standards) using the molds. The developer began renovations on the 10-story building in early 2017 and completed the project in December 2018.

The bridge is nine girders wide with in situ concrete decking each girder made up from five girder sections. The eastern pier Each river pier is supported on 22 1220 mm diameter bored case piles finishing with a 3 m socket drilled into sandstone bedrock and the piles are topped with four precast concrete caps produced on site. The bridge piers themselves are poured concrete and offer improved ship collision protection. The river bed around the piers of both Surtees Bridge and the nearby Tees Bridge rail bridge is covered in 15,000 tonnes of rock riprap scour protection over a geotextile frame.

The 1904 extension, consisting of isolation facilities and outpatients' accommodation, was in the Vernacular/Domestic style with half-timbered gables with jettying, prominent mullions and transoms to the bay windows, and a small tower. The new hospital, designed by Building Design Partnership, is in the form of an ark, and has a "nautical theme" appropriate to the seafront location. The exterior has curved corners and is clad in white precast concrete, intended to evoke the painted stucco which is closely associated with Brighton's seafront Regency architecture. The fenestration is irregular: many windows are at a low level to improve visibility for children.

Rahugh or Ráith Aeda Meic Bric is an early Christian site founded by Áed mac Bricc (also referred to as Saint Hugh of Rahugh) in the 6th century, inside a ráth or ringfort. The site, located about 8 km north of Tullamore along the L1024. Rahugh Rahugh consists of one pub (The Hazel Bar and Lounge) a Catholic church, local community centre, a primary school and several small -medium sized enterprises such as Dunnes Workshop and Scally Precast. Rahugh also contains the remains of an ancient Christian monastery site and graveyard, a holy well and a so-called headache stone.

German doorway in cast stone The Coade stone South Bank Lion at the south end of Westminster Bridge, London Cast stone or reconstructed stone is a highly refined architectural precast concrete masonry unit intended to simulate natural-cut stone. It is used for architectural features: trim, or ornament; facing buildings or other structures; statuary; and for garden ornaments. Cast stone can be made from white and/or grey cements, manufactured or natural sands, crushed stone or natural gravels, and colored with mineral coloring pigments. Cast stone may replace such common natural building stones as limestone, brownstone, sandstone, bluestone, granite, slate, coral, and travertine.

The lighthouse is a tower with surrounding orthogonal base constructed of precast concrete block using a local aggregate and rendered walls and plinth with deep ashlar coursing. The parapet and entry foyers of the base structure are adorned in solid trachyte block. The lantern room is of metal and glass construction and sits atop this gallery, and has a decorative iron catwalk encircling the glass to allow for cleaning. Fenestration is simple, with windows to the work rooms being four-pane fixed timber lower sash, with the upper sash, with the upper sash a 2 pane hopper.

Anumolu Ramakrishna (1939–2013) was an Indian civil and structural engineer, corporate executive and the deputy managing director of Larsen & Toubro Construction, the largest construction company in India as per 2013 statistics. He was credited with the introduction of system formwork and precast and prestressed concrete technologies in Indian construction industry, procedures which helped increase productivity, and was a co-founder of the India chapter of FSL - Global Forum on Structural Longevity. The Government of India awarded him the third highest civilian honour of the Padma Bhushan, posthumously in 2014, for his contributions to science and technology.

There are two small waiting shelters around the middle of platform 1, to encourage waiting passengers to spread out when it is raining, as all the station buildings are at the western end of the platform. ;Overbridge (1911) Steel girders and a concrete slab supported on central brick piers and side brick abutments. The original access stairs from the overbridge to Platform 1 had the original steel stringers but had new concrete treads and a new steel balustrade. The later stairs on the south were constructed from steel stringers supported on steel columns and with precast concrete treads.

It was even suggested that the covered square should be removed but Utzon was successful in keeping it, explaining that it was "an architectonically necessary link between the great open natural space over the sea and the enclosed building." Construction work finally began in July 1978. It had been decided to make maximum use of precast concrete components, facilitating the best use of local resources. Apart from the elements for the two wide-span roofs, which were cast on site and moved into position on so-called "railway tracks", all the components were indeed prefabricated in standard sizes.

Cattle grids made entirely or mostly of concrete have existed since the 1940s. Individual ranchers have often constructed their own, sometimes using plans developed in the 1940s. In the 21st century, a set of plans for do-it-yourself guards made of wood and concrete are available via the web site of the Missouri Alternatives Center at the University of Missouri in the US. Commercial precast concrete versions are also available; Smith Cattleguard Company, based in Virginia, sold more than 15,000 of them between 1960 and 1980. Manufacturers also produce commercial polyethylene forms with reinforcing rods.

Colonial Flats and Annex, also known as The Colonial Apartments, is a historic apartment building located in the Allentown neighborhood of Buffalo, Erie County, New York. The building consists of three components: the 1896 five- story, brick "Flats" to the north; the 1900 three-story brick "Annex" at the south end, and a 1926 single-story precast concrete commercial storefront that unites the Flats and Annex along Delaware Avenue. The Flats and Annex are internally connected and share a similar Colonial Revival style. Note: This includes and Accompanying photographs It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2018.

Detailed view of the upper-level exterior The design of the Robarts Library complex was headed by Mathers & Haldenby Architects with consultation from Warner, Burns, Toan & Lunde, the New York architectural firm whose earlier works included the libraries at Cornell and Brown universities and was specialized in precast concrete buildings. Coinciding with the Canadian Centennial celebrations, the initial plan was expanded to add three more storeys to the original design. Construction of the library began in 1968 and completed in 1973, at a cost of over $40 million. Robarts Library occupies a site on a field of open space and mature tree cover.

In August 2019, the firm announced a "commercial breakthrough for low-carbon cement", Solidia Concrete, which "reduces the overall carbon footprint in precast concrete by 70%". Later in the year, in Fall 2019, LafargeHolcim announced the allocation of 160 million Swiss francs ($161 million) on 80 projects across Europe to cut annual emissions from its cement manufacturing processes by 15% by 2022. In September 2020, LafargeHolcim joins the Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) “Business Ambition for 1.5°C” becoming the first global building materials company to sign the pledge with intermediate targets for 2030, validated by SBTi.

On 1 February 1964, a concrete plant was opened which produced the precast concrete (Plattenbau) for the new city. On 15 July 1964, Horst Sindermann, First Secretary of the SED district leadership in Halle, laid the foundation stone for the construction of the new socialist town west of the city of Halle (Saale) on the grounds of the school "First POS." In contrast to subsequent schools, which were named for personalities and officials, the school retained the name "Initial POS." The style of the school and the second POS "Ernst Thälmann" stood out from the other 28 schools.

After passing through the construction area for an interchange with the proposed NC 417 (Military Cutoff Road), NC 140 ends as US 17 merges into the road from a trumpet interchange in Kirkland. The most notable feature of the existing route is the bridge spanning the Northeast Cape Fear River. The bridge measures in length with a main span of and of vertical clearance above the river, Rat Island and adjacent marshlands. Its construction consists of precast girders with cast-in-place decks leading to the main span consisting of cast-in-place cantilevered box girder elements.

Another designed by Sir Frederick Gibberd, the steel-framed design was privately promoted by John Howard & Company. A more industrial aesthetic design, and more adventurous in its use of innovative technologies. Asbestos cement cladding panels are clearly expressed with metal flashings over a base course of foamed slag concrete panels, with windows and doors fitting within the module set up by the cladding. Unlike the BISF, this house proudly displays its lightweight prefab nature, but there are also technical advances that set the Howard House apart, for example the precast concrete perimeter plinth that supports a suspended steel ground floor.

Since it was so unusual, English workers were brought over to build the house, which early on earned the disparaging local nickname of "Mud House". The concrete used for the precast blocks was Rosendale cement, made at what is now the Register-listed Snyder Estate Natural Cement Historic District in Rosendale, further north in the Hudson Valley. It would be the first concrete house in Westchester County, predating the better-known reinforced concrete Ward Castle in what is now Rye Brook by four years. The High Victorian Gothic style used was also an unusual choice for house.

Actual construction started in August 1997 and by March 1999 all digging was complete, after of soil, largely Sydney sandstone was removed–equal to 40,000 truckloads. The project's centrepiece is the piggyback tunnel under one of Australia's most densely populated urban areas, necessitated due to the requirement of three lanes in each direction within the existing roadway corridor. The unique double-deck, three lanes per direction design comprises a large, single tunnel excavation. At mid-height through the excavation, a precast concrete ledge forms the base of the northbound tunnel, with the southbound tunnel slotting below.

At the conclusion of the 2006 football season, the existing grandstand was removed to make way for a more modern, updated facility including modern press boxes, luxury suites, home and away locker rooms, an athletic training room as well as a new concession stand. Additionally, the grass natural turf surface was replaced with Field Turf synthetic surface. View of Tenney Stadium from the lawn seating during a football gameIt has a capacity of 5,000 with amphitheater-style seating on the west side of the field for lawn chairs and blankets. The facility includes a stone-faced precast concrete grandstand.

A major problem with the Sunshine Skyway Bridge is corrosion of the steel in the precast concrete segmental columns on the high level approaches. Because the segments are hollow, workers were able to enter the bridge superstructure in 2003 and 2004 to reinforce the corroded sections of the bridge, ensuring its future safety. Another problem arose around 2005–06 when several news bureaus reported paint discolorations on the bridge's cables. These paint splotches and patches were a result of touch-ups that were performed sometime in 1998 but began to show through as a result of using newer, environmentally-safe paint.

As a result, new industries including mineral water, meat, dairy, bakery and non-ferrous metal production industries were formed, and industrial production increased by 87 percent in 1951-1955. Electro-technical plant, construction industry enterprises, tobacco fermentation and Sirab mineral water plant built in 1956-1965 played an important role in the development of economy of the autonomous republic. Along with these, the construction of the plant manufacturing precast concrete products in Nakhchivan and the re-construction of the Nakhchivan salt mine began. In 1965, Nakhchivan started to supply with power from the Mingachevir Hydropower Station.

Kamehameha V Post Office at the corner of Merchant and Bethel Streets in Honolulu, Hawaii was the first building in the Hawaiian Islands to be constructed entirely of precast concrete blocks reinforced with iron bars. It was built by J.G. Osborne in 1871 and the success of this new method was replicated on a much grander scale the next year in the royal palace, Aliʻiōlani Hale. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on 5 May 1972. It was named for King Kamehameha V who built a number of other public buildings during his reign.

The semi-domes and the dome have been linearized by designing a system of arched trusses and two layers of curved decking. The precast parts were bound into a whole by in-situ cast parts of the structure which provided the required safety and longevity of the building. The bell towers were initially started as a combination of brick and concrete columns and were continued as concrete box-structures for providing the greatest possible resistance of the towers and the least possible weight. This part of the building was completed by applying the sliding shuttering method (slip-form), with the advantages of prefabrication.

The challenge for the designers - the German architect Helmut Hentrich (1905-2001) and the Austrian architect Hubert Petschnigg (1913-1997), who planned the skyscraper in collaboration with the British-Danish-Norwegian engineer Ove Arup (1895-1988) - was to find a spacious square in the crowded Johannesburg CBD to anchor an office building. To keep space used to a minimum, they adopted the "hanging" design. Apart from the concrete core tower, the Standard Bank Centre was built by Concor of precast reinforced concrete slabs, glass, and steel. The plastic molds in which the concrete slabs were cast gave them a distinctive shape.

Precast concrete products can withstand the most extreme weather conditions and will hold up for many decades of constant usage. Products include bunker silos, cattle feed bunks, cattle grid, agricultural fencing, H-bunks, J-bunks, livestock slats, livestock watering trough, feed troughs, concrete panels, slurry channels, and more. Prestressed concrete panels are widely used in the UK for a variety of applications including agricultural buildings, grain stores, silage clamps, slurry stores, livestock walling and general retaining walls. Panels can be used horizontally and placed either inside the webbings of RSJs (I-beam) or in front of them.

The Posey and Webster Street tubes are two parallel underwater tunnels connecting the cities of Oakland and Alameda, California, running beneath the Oakland Estuary. Both are immersed tubes, constructed by sinking precast concrete segments to a trench in the Estuary floor, then sealing them together to create a tunnel. The Posey tube, completed in 1928, currently carries one- way (Oakland-bound) traffic under the Estuary, while the Webster tube, completed in 1963, currently carries traffic from Oakland to Alameda. The Posey tube is the second-oldest underwater vehicular tunnel in the US, preceded only by the Holland Tunnel.

Divers were used to ensure each segment landed in the surveyed location. Piles were driven to support each segment, but the piles were designed to collapse after an additional of ballast were added, to ensure the segments rested firmly on an bed of packed sand. Construction of the Webster tube started from the Alameda end and progressed towards Oakland, with the precast segments set before additional cast-in-place segments were added at each end. Each of the Webster segments were of comparable size and configuration to the earlier Posey tube segments, measuring long and in diameter, with walls thick.

The main elevation is bold in its architectural composition consisting of almost windowless cuboid forms of rough-textured concrete block and precast concrete. It is an exemplary late Twentieth Century International Modern Style industrial building, is a powerful work, a fully resolved in three dimensional architectural expression which is monumental in its bold geometry. The plan and mass of the building was the outcome of its integrated handling system consisting of storage, retrieval and reassembling. The Torin Corporation manufactured a wide range of blower units and axial and centrifugal impellers for the heating, ventilation and air conditioning industry.

Complete removal of a concrete deck is done when it is too deteriorated to keep, but the structural concrete is adequate or can be easily repaired after the hydrodemolition has taken place. It can also be a preferred alternative where a bridge deck has been compromised during initial construction but not yet open to traffic. It allows the preservation of the reinforcement while the deck concrete can be fully replaced to meet the design intent and avoid the need for potential future repairs under traffic. Precast concrete beams are often used in structures such as bridges and parking garages.

Golden 1 Center reflects the fabric of Northern California by utilizing regionally sourced materials that range from glass to recycled aluminum to potentially precast concrete, composed of sand from San Benito and rocks of Sierra limestone that reflect the colors of the region. Additionally, Golden 1 Center utilizes only FSC- certified wood, an international standard of quality and responsible forest management. A rooftop solar array, installed by Solar Power Inc. at a cost of $2.5 million, generates up to 1.2 megawatts, augmented by an 11 megawatt solar field in nearby Rancho Seco operated by the Sacramento Municipal Utility District (SMUD).

Between 1959 and 2006 he served in the academic staff of Middle East Technical University (METU) in Ankara as an assistant professor, associate professor and then professor.Boğaziçi University official site During this period he also served in other universities; as a researcher at The University of Texas at Austin between 1963-1965; as a visiting professor at Toronto University between 1980-1981; as a visiting professor at Boğaziçi University between 1992-1994. He has been involved in experimental research on the behavior of reinforced and precast concrete structures. In 2006 he moved to İstanbul and became a member of Boğaziçi University staff.

A total of 21,000 precast concrete units, some weighing as much as 32 tons, were fabricated onsite and lowered into place with a specially built crane to form the stadium's structural framework. The stadium was originally designed to be expandable to 85,000 seats by expanding the upper decks over the outfield pavilions; the Dodgers have never pursued such a project. Dodger Stadium was also the home of the Los Angeles Angels from 1962 through 1965. To avoid constantly referring to their landlords, the Angels called the park Chavez Ravine Stadium (or just "Chavez Ravine"), after the geographic feature in which the stadium sits.

The stadium has an elliptical dome consisting of 120 folded plates (precast) of varying cross- section (average 2m) with the plate thickness of 40mm and series of inter- connected ribs. The lower end of the dome is supported on the elliptical ring beam at 8m level which in-turn is supported on 24 equally spaced arch columns. The top of the dome is supported on elliptical ring of 16m x 8m at 29m level. A small elliptical paraboloid in-situ dome of 4m height and having a series of interconnected stiffeners is resting on the top ring.

Boot houses were houses built in the United Kingdom after World War I to accommodate the housing boom following the war. They were named after Henry Boot, whose construction company (Henry Boot Limited), produced an estimated 50,000 houses between the end of World War I and the start of World War II. Due to a shortage of bricks, boot houses were built using precast reinforced clinker-concrete columns. Structural tests in the 1980s revealed significant deterioration in the concrete as a result of carbonatation. The Housing Act 1985 provided government grants for homeowners of such "defective" houses.

The precast concrete parts were made in Walter Taylor's workshop, moved to the site and "placed in position like masonry. They were laced together with steel and concrete providing a building of extra-ordinary strength, without in any way detracting from the gracefulness of design". After the buttresses were erected, walls, panels and window jambs at the top and filled in with concrete slabs, formed a broken surface, "with a very pleasing effect". A parapet with a counterfoil design was mounted on top of the walls between the buttresses, and was broken by a pointed turret over each buttress.

Kimberly-Clark made all of its Huggies nappies for Europe at Barton-upon- Humber until 2013; since 2016, the site has been the headquarters and factory of Wren Kitchens. Techrete on the B1207 in the north of Hibaldstow, next to the railway line, is the UK's leading maker of architectural precast cladding. County Turf, off the B1207 (Ermine Street) in Appleby made the turf for Wembley Stadium, who replaced Inturf of Wilberfoss. There is a large CEMEX cement plant at Winteringham off the A1077 at the meeting point of the New River Ancholme and the Humber (Ferriby Sluice).

The superstructure of the powerhouse is constructed of welded steel framed clad in precast concrete panels. Two 118 ton (120 tonne) overhead cranes manufactured by Sir William Arrol & Co run over the full length of the powerhouse, including the unloading bay. The main generating equipment arranged on three floors: the main floor at , the generator floor at , and the turbine floor at 287 ft with cable galleries on the downstream side that run the length of the building. The choice of the level of the main floor was governed by the dimensions of the turbine and generator.

Interior of St. Anselm's Church, Tokyo (1954) Divine Word Seminary Chapel of Nanzan University, Nagoya (1962) When Wright left, Raymond set up his own office, he advertised himself as a specialist in reinforced concrete. He was aware of its textural properties from Cass Gilbert, its structural ones from Wright, and its benefits in relation to earthquake proofing. His first major independent project in 1921 was to design Hoshi Pharmaceutical School, which was one of the first reinforced concrete buildings in Tokyo. Raymond used precast concrete to form decorative elements for the building, such as window mullions.

In 1998, state legislators and the governor enacted legislation to create the Oklahoma Centennial Act, which formed the Oklahoma Capitol Complex and Centennial Commemoration Commission. The commission worked to fund a dome, which was in the initial plans in 1914, for the Oklahoma State Capitol and construction of the dome began in 2001 and was completed in 2002. It included a bronze sculpture called The Guardian. During exterior restoration work in 2014, engineers discovered significant cracks in the precast panels that comprise the dome, but not in any of the supports, contrary to what some think.

Precast concrete sandwich wall panels have been used on virtually every type of building, including schools, office buildings, apartment buildings, townhouses, condominiums, hotels, motels, dormitories, and single-family homes. Although typically considered part of a building's enclosure or "envelope," they can be designed to also serve as part of the building's structural system, eliminating the need for beams and columns on the building perimeter. Besides their energy efficiency and aesthetic versatility, they also provide excellent noise attenuation, outstanding durability (resistant to rot, mold, etc.), and rapid construction. In addition to the good insulation properties, sandwich panels require fewer work phases to complete.

In more recent times, a "package pumping station" provides an efficient and economic way of installing a drainage system. They are suitable for mechanical building services collection and pumping of liquids like surface water, wastewater or sewage from areas where drainage by gravity is not possible. A package pumping station is an integrated system, built in a housing manufactured from strong, impact-resistant materials such as precast concrete, polyethylene, or glass-reinforced plastic. The unit is supplied with internal pipework fitted, pre-assembled ready for installation into the ground, after which the submersible pumps and control equipment are fitted.

A major deck replacement project was undertaken. Over the next three years the original cast-in-place concrete bridge deck was removed and replaced using full-depth, precast, prestressed, half-deck width concrete panels. It was necessary to complete one lane at a time, starting with the south lane, leaving the other deck in place so the bridge could continue to be used for vehicular traffic. Construction was completed with minimal traffic disruptions and the bridge remained open to single lane traffic throughout construction, with the exception of three, six- hour overnight closures planned per week.

All prefects, and pupils with honours blazers, are entitled to wear these ties. In 1973, a five-year plan focussing on the provision of future facilities was announced. By 1974, there was a pre-cast concrete fence in front of the school, the school owned four buses, a basketball court and a six-bay garage for the school buses had been constructed. In 1975 and 1976, the main improvements included the grassing of the hockey field, the completion of concrete netball fields, precast fencing around the swimming pool, swimming change rooms, the first stages of a concrete pavilion and a languages room.

Investigations into the fissures developed in the bridge revealed the following defects: hammering at the hinges when vehicles plied; finger-type expansion joints in an advanced state of distress; wearing coat cracks; spilling of concrete at transverse joints; longitudinal cracks in precast segments; leakage of water inside the box girder from joints between segments and from holes provided for lifting the segments. Mahatma Gandhi Setu is now being revamped. It may have happened that due to such inferior quality of reinforcement coupled with inferior concrete have been causes for such catastrophic failure. Stressed cables are not grouted at all.

This collaboration resulted in significant revisions to the original design, revisions that would ultimately allow the tunneling effort to meet the strict groundwater inflow requirements of the Forest Service Special Use Permit. The tunnel was redesigned to use bolted and gasketed precast concrete tunnel segments. Not only were these segments designed to provide structural support to the mined tunnel, but they also were capable of delivering a nearly watertight environment inside the tunnel to dramatically limit the amount of groundwater inflow during the mining operations. Construction resumed from the Strawberry portal, working toward the original City Creek Portal construction.

Born and raised on a farm in rural Wright County, Pederson graduated from Northwestern College in Roseville, receiving his B.S. in Business Administration and Biblical Studies. He went on to Cardinal Stritch University in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, earning his M.B.A. Active in community government, he served on St. Cloud's city council (2007-2010), zoning board of appeals, and planning commission, and was a commissioner on the St. Cloud Housing and Redevelopment Authority. He was also a volunteer wood shop supervisor at the Whitney Senior Center. He is vice president and part owner of Amcon Block and Precast Inc.

In 2002, Lusail and its suburbs of Al Kharayej and Jabal Thuaileb became the first three areas of Qatar where foreigners could own real estate. The Lusail Industrial Area hosts many construction companies. In the Lusail Ready-Mix Batching Plant Zone, two ready-mix batching plants are maintained by Qatar Alpha Beton Ready Mix, one ready-mix batching plant is maintained by SMEET, REDCO owns a precast plant, Qatar Concrete has 1 ready-mix batching plant, and HBK ReMIX operates a ready- mix factory. Agriculture plays a relatively insignificant role in local economy compared to Qatar's other municipalities.

The cost of construction for the MMRDA was , higher than the earlier estimated . The road was built in two parts: the first was a 1.8 km stretch from the WEH to the Hyatt Regency (on Sahar Airport Road), and the second was a 1.5 km stretch from the Hyatt Regency to the airport. The first section cost and was built by the MMRDA, while the second cost and was built by MIAL. The 1,300 metre long elevated road consists of 30 spans of precast concrete segments erected using a specially fabricated launching girder and strand jack.

Post-contemporary society is strongly related to the values of sustainability, putting in plain words the description of a civilization that meets the higher human real needs for a vast majority in an advanced post- industrial universe, Shifting forward from Fordism and Tylorism industrial managements.Jean-Louis Peaucelle, "From Taylorism to post-Taylorism: Simultaneously pursuing several management objectives", Journal of Organizational Change Management, Vol. 13 Iss: 5, pp.452 - 467 (2000) In addition, the Post-contemporary bestows our social opportunities to flourish in the utmost of their potential creativity, rather than struggling with the precast sachems or the sinkings in artificial consumerism.

The initial appearance of 450 West 33rd Streetleft The existing building at 450 West 33rd Street, also known as Westyard Distribution Center, was designed by Davis Brody Bond and opened in 1969. The , 16-story building originally had a beige precast concrete facade with a sloped base, and although the facade was cleaned up in 2003, it was seen as out of place with the architecture of the surrounding neighborhood. As of 2014, it contained the headquarters of the Associated Press. In 2014, the brutalist concrete exterior was replaced with a glass facade and its interior and mechanical systems were also renovated.

In addition, the administration required Kahn to work on the Goddard building in association with an engineering and construction firm, leaving him unable to assert his usual painstaking control over the construction process and resulting in a lower standard of finish detail. Plywood was used to create the forms for poured concrete in the Goddard building, for example, whereas Kahn had used carefully selected planks for that purpose at Richards to create a more interesting concrete finish. As a result, the Goddard building "employs a simplified and visually heavier precast structural system" than the Richards building and "does not possess the same elegant character".

The shift from a "dome" to "bowl" caused all the heavy, wet snow to slide down into the bowl and rupture more roof panels, collapse some precast risers in the SW upper deck, and dislodge more plastic seats "... than a Rolling Stones concert" according to Bob Haney, the Dome's Operations Manager. Crews from Owens-Corning Fiberglas, the dome's original roof installer, were on site by 1:30 pm on March 4. Repair operations began immediately but were interrupted for over a week due to high winds. During the high winds event nearly all of the remaining panels in the deflated roof, 100 in all, were badly damaged.

Most external and internal items of the lighthouse, keepers' cottages and associated structures are largely intact, enabling ready understanding/ interpretation of how the facility has been operated since its establishment and of the keepers' lifestyle. The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales. The place is associated with a distinctive phase of lighthouse construction, using precast concrete block design, a new construction technique of the time. The tower construction, in particular the lantern balcony is significant for its use of trachyte obtained and pre-worked off site in a stone quarry at Bowral.

Spent direct time for excavation and ringbuild were around 3,500 and 1,700 hours, respectively. In Trakya formation, 28 dyke zones were excavated with an average frequency of 90 m and thicknesses were varying between 1 and 120 m. Furthermore, 440 disc cutters, 85 scrapers and 475 brushes were replaced by TBM crew and four times hyperbaric maintenance operations (total of 45 days) with specially trained divers (max. under 10.8 bar first time in the world) were successfully performed. 15,048 piece 600-mm-thick precast segments (1,672 rings) with the high performance (average charge passed is 280 Coulomb (1,000 Coulomb limit) were produced and connected to each other by using 30,765 bolts.

The contract was to build tunnel from the then-current 7 train terminus at Times Square westward underneath 41st Street to Eleventh Avenue, then down to 26th Street. Richard Dattner and Partners, Architects, designed the 34th Street station. After excavating the new terminal's shell and creating the first of tunnel using the drill-and-blast method, S3 placed two tunnel-boring machines (TBMs) in the ground to dig the remaining ; as it dug, each TBM placed precast concrete liner segments to create the tunnel interior. On December 21, 2009, the MTA said that a tunnel-boring machine broke through the 34th Street station cavern wall.

On 16 May 1968, the 22-story residential tower Ronan Point in the London Borough of Newham collapsed when a relatively small gas explosion on the 18th floor caused a structural wall panel to be blown away from the building. The tower was constructed of precast concrete, and the failure of the single panel caused one entire corner of the building to collapse. The panel was able to be blown out because there was insufficient reinforcement steel passing between the panels. This also meant that the loads carried by the panel could not be redistributed to other adjacent panels, because there was no route for the forces to follow.

Ventilation structures at CSO sites to allow air in and out of the shaft were also required. Construction at these sites was expected to take between and years and once complete each site would be landscaped. At the main drive sites, four main activities took place: shaft construction (where a concrete cylinder in diameter and about deep was constructed), tunnelling preparations (preparing the site for arrival of the TBM), TBM assembly and lowering into the shaft, and then driving the TBM to excavate the main tunnel. As the TBM moved forward precast concrete segments were brought in and fixed together to create the tunnel wall.

Building the bridge from its south side, this was done by connecting 153 segments one at a time using a custom crane that moved along the viaduct as it was being built. Each segment, nominally long and weighing 50 tons, was precast at a facility onsite and moved on a carriage to the crane. All but one of these segments were slightly curved as the viaduct needed to be shaped in a "S-and-a-half" figure to follow the contours of the mountain. The only work done on the ground involved drilling the footings for the piers which also were built in a segmental manner.

Kila started his Nigerian engineering career in Julius Berger Nigeria Plc in 1976 at the Design Office, designing water-retaining structures, heavy foundations, principally for Apapa Wharf Extension and bridge works. In 1977, Kila was moved to the Lagos Inner Ring Road and was later posted to Marina Bridge, where he was in charge of the construction from the northern foreshore to the end of Apongbon, Lagos. However, at the end of the project he was promoted to full civil engineer. In 1979, he was moved to Carter Bridge and placed in charge of all precast units and the pedestrian bridge of the Carter Bridge.

An instruction was issued to guards to travel in the front coach of Up services between Eynsham and so that fares could be collected from passengers joining the train. The halt, which was the penultimate station to be opened on the Witney Railway, had a precast concrete platform on which was a traditional wooden shelter with a saw-tooth awning. It was lit by oil lamps which were trimmed and extinguished by the guards of trains calling at the halt. The station was located on the south side of the A40 road which was carried over the line by a traditional Cotswold stone bridge.

The typical choice, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is applied to the substrate by a glue-down process in which a precast, high- molecular-weight sheet of PMMA is attached to the plating base on the substrate. The applied photoresist is then milled down to the precise height by a fly cutter prior to pattern transfer by X-ray exposure. Because the layer must be relatively free from stress, this glue-down process is preferred over alternative methods such as casting. Further, the cutting of the PMMA sheet by the fly cutter requires specific operating conditions and tools to avoid introducing any stress and crazing of the photoresist.

The theatre re-opened on 19 December 1962, with Jumbo. A new 1,330 seat auditorium was formed at circle level, on a suspended precast concrete floor over the former stalls underneath, with a circle section at the rear on a new stadium seating structure, and a flatter raked stalls section towards the screen end; the auditorium had no stage facilities, and extended into the former stage house. Its side walls and ceiling were finished with acoustic plaster tiles of mink and gold colours, featured banks of concealed colour-changing cold cathode lighting, and reclining red upholstered seating was fitted. The auditorium would later be known as Empire 1 or Screen 1.

One of the key influences in the design of the Storey Hall annex is the use of Penrose’s tiling pattern, developed by Roger Penrose. The street façade is a version of the historic hall next door, its basic shapes of arch below and window above transformed by applying the Penrose pattern. The precast Penrose patterned tiles incorporate the impression of ruffles, keys and suspender belts to represent the Suffragettes, who once occupied used the original hall. The colours of purple and green also reflect those of the women's liberation movement, with the green, used more extensively inside, referring to the Hibernian Hall’s construction by the Irish community of Melbourne.

Manhole closings are protected by a grating or manhole cover, a flat plug designed to prevent accidental or unauthorized access to the manhole. These covers are traditionally made of metal, but may be constructed from precast concrete, glass reinforced plastic or other composite materials (especially where cover theft is of concern). Because of legislation restricting acceptable manual handling weights, Europe has seen a move toward lighter-weight composite manhole cover materials, which also have the benefits of greater slip resistance and electrical insulating properties. Manholes are usually outfitted with metal, polypropylene, or fiberglass steps installed in the inner side of the wall to allow easy descent into the utility space.

He may have felt the use of prefabricated building materials and the sparseness of the style would make the houses more economical to build on the scale he planned, and thus more affordable in the Depression economy where traditional homes were too expensive for more than half the population. Concrete was not a common choice for houses in Westchester at the time, but it had history behind it. Six decades earlier, Highland Cottage, made entirely of precast concrete, had gone up in Ossining. Shortly afterward, the first reinforced concrete house in the country, Ward's Castle, had been built on the Connecticut state line in Rye Brook.

The bridge deck is made of 776 precast concrete sections that are elevated above the concrete pontoons that forms the lower deck which essentially creates "a bridge on top of a bridge". Unlike the older bridge, maintenance vehicles can now access the pontoons from beneath the upper roadway deck without interrupting traffic. According to a project engineer on the site, the deck had to be structurally isolated from the main support structure using a damping system to ensure seismic resistance up to a magnitude 9 earthquake to comply with local building codes. The original deck design called for three support columns but was later revised to two due to aesthetic issues.

In accordance with this style, many of the early buildings are pale, off-white, precast concrete with repetitive structures. Most of these buildings are concentrated towards the north end of the Mall area, the most notable being the Founders Building, Eugene McDermott Library, and Administration Building. Later architecture (early 21st century) exhibits late modern or postmodern features such as bronze glass, bronze aluminum frames, unadorned geometric shapes, unusual surfaces, and unorthodox layouts. This styling is seen in the Engineering and Computer Science building, School of Management, Cecil and Ida Green Center, and Natural Science and Engineering Research Lab facility (called the Mermaid Building due to its colorful anodized shingles).

Formerly farming land, Dines Green was built in the late 1950s by the building contractor Spicers and consisted of a mix of semi-detached homes and large blocks of flats. Worcester City Council at the time wanted uniformity in the front gardens of houses on the estate, turfing over any deviations from this uniformity. The vast majority of the semi detached homes were built using precast concrete; these homes were updated in the 1980s with the concrete being stripped away and replaced with brick. The blocks of flats that were built using pre cast concrete were demolished (also in the 1980s) and new "apartments" built in their place.

In Gladesville's case, these were hollow precast concrete blocks which were hoisted up from barges on the river, then moved down a railway on the top of the formwork into position. Every few blocks, special inflatable rubber gaskets were inserted. When all of the blocks in the arch (there are four parallel arches altogether, not seen in the picture) were in place, the gaskets were 'inflated' using synthetic hydraulic fluid, expanding the entire arch and lifting it away from the formwork to support its own weight. Once adjusted to the correct position, the gaskets were filled with liquid concrete, driving out the oil and setting to form a permanent solid arch.

Alternate URL To prepare the Alameda site, a large Navy hangar was moved; at the time, it set a record for the largest building ever moved. The Webster Street tube was completed and opened to one-way (into Alameda) traffic in 1963. Alternate URL Upon completion of the Webster tube, the Posey Tube was closed temporarily and renovations were performed to convert it to one-way (into Oakland) traffic; during renovations, the Webster Street tube handled bidirectional traffic. Like the preceding Posey Tube, the Webster Street tube was constructed using immersed precast concrete segments; this time the twelve Webster segments were constructed in a graving dock built on Alameda.

All walls of the complete steel framed structure, except the north/south walls are of concrete block, cavity wall construction, the outer skin consisting of split-face block. Office areas and the lower floor manufacturing areas included precast concrete window units similar to those first developed by the architects for the Torin Technical Centre in Torrington, Connecticut, US in 1971. These units in all cases faced north and were designed to provide adequate sun shade. North and south walls of the high rise storage unit were clad in corrugated metal panels, painted white to contrast with the rough textured, warm grey, split block used elsewhere.

Though the new garages were universally praised for their increased space and function, they were criticized for lack of aesthetics, and for breaking tradition. The plain precast concrete walls resembled the cookie- cutter stadiums of the era that were largely criticized in baseball and football. The design was a sharp and striking contrast to the previous garage complex, which led some to call them overtly plain or "antiseptic."1986 Indy 500 Pole Day Telecast - ABC Sports, May 10, 1986 Changing the layout to north- south based was also a thinly-veiled attempt by the management to further scale back the oft-rowdy "Snakepit" area formerly located inside the turn one infield.

The central "web" of the steel -beams is often wider than a column web to resist the higher bending moments that occur in beams. Wide sheets of steel deck can be used to cover the top of the steel frame as a "form" or corrugated mold, below a thick layer of concrete and steel reinforcing bars. Another popular alternative is a floor of precast concrete flooring units with some form of concrete topping. Often in office buildings, the final floor surface is provided by some form of raised flooring system with the void between the walking surface and the structural floor being used for cables and air handling ducts.

Ouchy M2 station, Showing the angle iron guide bars, the I-beam roll ways and the bumper posts sandpile, in the Montreal Metro near the Beaugrand Station, showing the unusual inverted U cross-section of the guide bars, precast concrete roll ways and conventional track The rubber-tyred metro systems that incorporate track have angle irons as guide bars, or guiding bars, outside of the two roll ways. The Busan Subway Line 4, that lacks a rail track, has I-beams installed as guide bars. The flanges are vertical. The Sapporo Municipal Subway, that lacks a rail track as well, has no guide bars.

Ronan Point, named after Deputy Mayor Harry Ronan (a former Chairman of the Housing Committee of the London Borough of Newham), was part of the wave of tower blocks built in the 1960s as cheap, affordable prefabricated housing for inhabitants of West Ham and other areas of London. The tower was built by Taylor Woodrow Anglian using a technique known as large panel system building (LPS), which involves casting large concrete prefabricated sections off-site and bolting them together to construct the building. The precast system used was the Danish Larsen & Nielsen system. Construction started in 1966 and was completed on 11 March 1968.

Leacock is a Brutalist structure comprising precast load-bearing concrete panels on the exterior, each containing a sealed window. Three different moldings are used for the panels, with the one containing the largest opening used for the central bay windows on the north and south facades, the next largest on either side of those bay openings, and the smallest on the east and west facades. Concrete pillars with hexagonal horizontal sections support the structure above the first two storeys, which unlike the upper floors contain walls made almost entirely of glass. These walls allow a great deal of natural light into the lower floors where students gather to attend lectures.

"Topping out" The Arizona Republican [Phoenix, Arizona] December 23, 1959 - Page 14 The building originally had a light blue appearance when viewed from a distance. The international style curtain wall had translucent blue glass between vertical panels of light blue glass with white backing and white trimming. The glass facade on the north and south sides were divided into five sections by six vertical columns of precast concrete cladding that covered steel framework; of those, the two corner columns were slightly wider. The east and west sides were divided by five vertical concrete columns that extruded from the building dividing the face into four equal recessed sections.

The Cambie Bridge is a six-lane symmetric, precast, varying-depth-post tension-box girder bridge spanning False Creek in Vancouver, British Columbia. The current bridge opened in 1985, but is the third bridge at the same location. Often referred to as the Cambie Street Bridge, it connects Cambie Street on the south shore of False Creek to both Nelson and Smithe Streets in the downtown peninsula. It is the easternmost of False Creek's fixed crossings; the Burrard and Granville bridges are a little more than a kilometre to the west, and the new Canada Line SkyTrain tunnel is built just west of the Cambie Bridge.

By reducing the weight of the slab without compromising its structural strength, it is possible to create a thicker slab to support more weight over a longer span. Hollow-core slabs, also known as voided slabs, initially appeared as one-way elements in Europe during the 1950s, and are still commonly manufactured in precast form for applications where fast construction and low self-weight are required. Waffle slabs are a common type of hollow-core slab which use the same principle as voided biaxial slabs. However, their voids are placed on the underside of the slab rather than embedded within the slab, leading to lower shear strength and fire resistance.

Nervi began practicing civil engineering after 1923. His projects in the 1930s included several airplane hangars that were important for his development as an engineer. A set of hangars in Orvieto (1935) were built entirely out of reinforced concrete, and a second set in Orbetello and Torre del Lago (1939) improved the design by using a lighter roof, precast ribs, and a modular construction method. During the 1940s he developed ideas for reinforced concrete which helped in the rebuilding of many buildings and factories throughout Western Europe, and even designed and created a boat hull that was made of reinforced concrete as a promotion for the Italian government.

The chemical industry of the region is focused on the production of basic chemicals such as potassium and magnesium salts (Berezniki, Solikamsk), fertilizers (Berezniki, Solikamsk, Perm, Krasnouralsk, etc.), sulfuric acid and sulfur, chlorine and its derivatives. Developed is also production of Coke (fuel), rubber, paint, synthetic fibers and yarns, plastics and resins (Sverdlovsk, Nizhny Tagil, etc.), alcohols (Orsk), as well as petrochemical industry (Perm, Sverdlovsk, Orenburg). Ural is one of the most important Russian mining and processing regions of talc (Miass deposit), magnesite (Satka field) and construction materials. In 1975, it produced 14.6 million tonnes of cement and 6.8 million cubic meters of precast reinforced concrete structures and components.

In 1964, the Most Coal Company began the demolition of the historical old town of Most in order to make room for the expanding lignite mines in the area. Financed and led by the Communist government of Czechoslovakia, the company pulled down the town's historic buildings including a brewery dating from the 15th century and the 1910 theatre. New low-cost, standardized, multifamily housing projects were built (paneláky, in reference to the precast concrete panels from which they were made). In the summer of 1968, an American film company shot scenes for the war film The Bridge at Remagen in the town; the clearance work providing realistic looking war-damaged properties.

After earning a doctorate in civil and marine engineering, he began work as a professional engineer. Beginning in Poland after World War II and since the 1960s in France, he has designed precast concrete structures and projects ranging from deep-sea oil rigs, sports complexes, and the Charles de Gaulle Memorial, which dominates the village of Colombey-les-Deux-Églises. He has also taught the theory and techniques of land and sea construction at various academic institutions. On 14 April 1999 Hanna Konopka, president of the Zamenhof Foundation of Białystok, announced that Pope John Paul II would be the first recipient of the Foundation's Tolerance Medal (Medalo de Toleremo).

There are two main entrances to the building, one facing Constitution Avenue, and another facing 23rd Street NW. The building is made of acid-etched precast-concrete and resembles limestone. The design is centered around two atria, a large one facing the National Mall that is designed for the public, and a smaller private one for staff that overlooks the Potomac River. The larger atrium, the George P. Shultz Great Hall, measures and features the high glass curtain wall facing the National Mall. The 230-seat Frank C. Carlucci III Auditorium, Jacqueline and Marc Leland Atrium, and Global Peacebuilding Center, an interactive museum dedicated to peacemaking, are accessible via this atrium.

The monorail's precast concrete beams were assembled in Tacoma and trucked up to Seattle, with special permission from the Washington State Highway Commission, and the first was installed on September 21 between Virginia and Stewart streets before advancing northwards. Column construction and girder installation took approximately eight months in total, with at least three lanes of traffic on 5th Avenue remaining open during most periods. The steel girders at the Westlake Mall terminal were installed in October, followed by work on the Seattle Center terminal. By December 1961, most of the work on the tracks and 54 percent of work on the stations were complete, using a total of of concrete and of steel.

The plans for Norah Head were initialled by Charles Assinder Harding and signed by Cecil Darley, Engineer in Chief for Public Works. James Barnet claimed responsibility for the design of this lighthouse and for similar structures previously built at Point Perpendicular and Byron Bay, his influence can be seen in the design. Construction of the lighthouse began in 1901, and was undertaken by day labour. Materials for the lighthouse were brought by boat into Cabbage Tree Harbour and unloaded onto a wharf which had been constructed for this purpose. The lighthouse was completed in 1903. It follows in all essentials the precast block construction method using local aggregates which was first introduced at Point Perpendicular in 1899.

Construction on the project began in January 2007. The two glass and precast concrete towers are 65 storeys, containing 872 residential units, a 167-room Hotel LeGermain Boutique Hotel, of office space, of retail space, a daycare centre, a high-definition theatre that broadcasts Leafs Nation Network and NBA TV Canada 24-hours a day, and four levels of underground parking with nearly 900 spaces. The retail complex includes a Longo's grocery, a sports bar called Real Sports Bar and Grill, a sports retail store called Real Sports Apparel, a fine dining restaurant called E11even, and a branch of the Toronto Dominion Bank. For residents, there is a rooftop garden and swimming pool.

It is one of the earliest examples in NSW of the large-scale application of precast reinforced concrete construction. The Lower Canal contains a wide range of individual features including an infilled open canal, an aqueduct, an inverted syphon, reservoirs, bridges, sedimentation chambers, pre-cast reinforced concrete panels; culverts, flumes, scour valves and other elements which individually and collectively demonstrate the technologies and engineering approaches in use in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in NSW. All infrastructure associated with the Lower Canal has been identified and assessed in the Heritage Study of the Upper Canal, Prospect Reservoir & Lower Canal (Upper Nepean Scheme) 1992. This study found a majority of components were of potential state significance.

It was probably the first bridge in England to use prestressing cables which did not pass through the concrete sections, and one of the first to use precast concrete hinges. When it was built, it was the largest bridge of this kind in Europe, and in 1964 the New York City Museum of Modern Art declared it to be a structure of significance in twentieth century engineering. It is grade II listed. Soon the river is passing through Brockadale, a steep-sided, wooded valley, before reaching Kirk Smeaton, situated on its southern bank, and Little Smeaton, on its northern bank, near which a railway used to cross, which has now been dismantled.

The Ottawa architecture firm of Burgess, McLean & MacPhadyen designed Britannia United Church and Algonquin College in 1961. The original design included a fellowship hall, nursery, Christian education rooms and a modern kitchen.Ottawa Journal Aug 22 1959 p 5 The chapel is representative of church architecture in the 1960s with its daring lines, sleek mass, contrasting surfaces of brick walls, metal uprights, shingle roof, glass window walls, and laminated support beams inside.Diocean Archives by Glen J Lockwood Crosstalk Oct 2013 Designed as a Christian Education Building, the midcentury academic complex features open-ended blocks alternatively faced with long glass expanses in a semi-gambrel formation that make up the curtain walls and precast aggregate panels.

Rothstein's first built work was "Ballston Lake House" in Saratoga, New York, developed with Joel Towers, which is anchored by 150,000 pounds of precast concrete. It was the only US house included in the book "In DETAIL: Single Family Houses" (Birkhäuser, 2000) in addition to being counted among notable architecture historian Kenneth Frampton's anthology of American Masterworks (Rizzoli, 2008). In 2014, Karla Rothstein's design of a commercial space that featured custom fabricated concrete blocks cast in flour sacks was recognized by Built by Women New York City and the American Institute of Architects New York. In 2015, Latent's Constellation Park project placed third in an international competition on new ways of memorializing the dead.

A Pan or Planetary mixer is more common at a precast plant. Aggregate bins have 2 to 6 compartments for storage of various sand and aggregate (rocks, gravel, etc.) sizes, while cement silos are typically one or two compartments, but at times up to 4 compartments in a single silo. Conveyors are typically between 24-48 inches wide and carry aggregate from the ground hopper to the aggregate bin, as well as from the aggregate batcher to the charge chute. A Twin shaft Concrete Mixer Which most common in Concrete Plants The aggregate batcher also named as aggregate bins, is used for storage and batch the sand, gravel and crushed stone of the concrete plant.

It has headhouses on each side of Geneva Avenue, sized to be appropriate to the surrounding residential neighborhoods. Original plans called for a bus parking deck over the platform, but a late decision to omit it (Woods Division in the Dogpatch neighborhood was built instead) allowed for the north and south ends of the platform to be in open air. The walls of the platform area are covered with linear precast concrete forms, with five patterns repeated eightfold to generate "an apparently infinite variety". Other elements praised by architectural critics included overhead power conduits on the platform level, and the interplay of light and shadow among the geometric forms of the mezzanine.

Embalse Hanabanilla on EcuRed Construction of the dam itself started in 1959 and finished in 1963, along with the construction of a clinic and a school in the centre of the village, nearby the dam. A 126-room hotel of the same name was built in July 1975 using a Cuban adaptation of the Russian construction system popular in the 1970s to create schools and hotels through the island. This precast technology is named Girón, after the same location where the Bay of Pigs Invasion took place in 1961. It has been recently restored and it is the deployment point for nature tourism and fresh water bass fishing activities around the surrounding mountains.

The SODO and Stadium stations were completed in May 2006, and light rail testing in the SoDo area began the following March. Testing was extended to the re-opened downtown transit tunnel in September 2007, initially limited to weekends without bus service, and further to the Rainier Valley after the completion of the Beacon Hill tunnel in 2008. The elevated guideway in Tukwila, including crossings over major freeways and the Duwamish River, was completed in 2007 after the installation of 2,457 precast concrete segments and balanced cantilever bridges. During construction in the Rainier Valley, Sound Transit and the City of Seattle offered $50 million in mitigation funds and development opportunities to affected businesses.

The mausoleum consists of five angled galleries that are positioned around an open courtyard and two reflection pools. The five galleries are St. Anthony, Our Lady, Holy Trinity, Sacred Heart and the Archangel Gabriel. Each gallery is separated from one another by using different types of stone and ceiling finishes adorned with handcrafted religious mosaics to offer choice for buyers. The blue stone pavement of the gallery, ceramic mosaics and the distinct palette of material finishes elude a welcoming and comfortable presence to visitors. Precast concrete panels engineered by Gutterridge Haskins & Davey, are specially shaped into “wings” to form the external colonnades of the mausoleum to provide maximum lighting and exposure to prevailing winds.

A podium structure to the north west between the West and North blocks was originally intended to carry a public house, but it was never used. Eventually a prefabricated structure (which now contains a snack bar) was erected on it. The building was also constructed in tandem with a replacement railway station on the subterranean section of the North Clyde Line which runs to the south of the site. The precast concrete elements were derived from those used in Seifert’s other commission for the area - the Anderston Centre a few hundred meters to the south, and were also used in a slightly different form in the Sheraton Park Tower Hotel in London, which was built around the same period.

The prestigious Marsh Sculpture Prize 2009, awarded to the UK’s best sculpture of the year. The Best Community Artwork at Royal Town Planning Institute (RTPI) North West Planning Achievement Award 2009. The 2009 British Precast Concrete Federation Creativity in Concrete Award. Awarded to Jaume Plensa The Ambassador Of St Helens 2009 awarded to Gary Conley for his work on and promotion of Dream The 2010 Civic Trust Award The 2010 Civic Trust Special Award for Community Engagement The 2010 Places of Interest Quality Assurance Scheme (PIQAS) accreditation and chosen as the venue for the national launch The 2010 Visit England Northwest Tourism Award for Public Space, presented to the former miners for their work on Dream.

Originally there were three inclined planes where the wagons were hauled via stationary steam engines and a continuous chain. The 1960s replica bridge across the Ribble The tramroad crossed the River Ribble on a timber trestle bridge. This structure outlived the tramroad by nearly one hundred years and was replaced by a precast concrete structure to the same design in the 1960s.(Engineering Timelines, 2007) There were many accidents during the life of the tramroad, many involving the inclined planes with wagons running away. As was common on early ‘railway’ systems, the wagons could be privately owned by the hauliers themselves (known locally as halers) who paid the company a toll to use the tramroad.

Severson sold Surfer, the date reported variously as "1970;" alternately as "1971," directly to Steve Pezman; and also alternately as "the late 1960s" to For Better Living, an Auburn, California-based company founded by F.G. 'Bud' Fabian. Bud Fabian had retired from For Better Living in 1996, a company whose primary business was precast concrete. At the time, the magazine was produced by Surfer Publications, a subsidiary of For Better Living and by the late 1990s, was based in San Juan Capistrano. Drew Kampion was editor of the magazine from 1968 to 1972 and noted writer and surf historian Matt Warshaw, became a writer for Surfer, beginning in 1984, becoming the publication's editor in 1990.

The construction of the emplacements was completed but the guns would later be prevented from reaching the site by the Axis occupation of Greece. Paton made his way back to Britain via Greece, Italy and France and arrived home two days prior to the Italian declaration of war against the Allies on 10 June 1940. He also constructed a plant at Barry in South Wales for the extraction of Magnesium Hydroxide from the sea, a turbine factory for British Thomson-Houston Company and a £7 million underground aircraft engine factory. From 1943–44 Paton supervised the construction, in London Docks, of the precast concrete caissons required for the construction of Mulberry Harbours following the Normandy Landings.

Concrete is the most popular structural material for bridges, and prestressed concrete is frequently adopted. When investigated in the 1940s for use on heavy-duty bridges, the advantages of this type of bridge over more traditional designs was that it is quicker to install, more economical and longer-lasting with the bridge being less lively. One of the first bridges built in this way is the Adam Viaduct, a railway bridge constructed 1946 in the UK. By the 1960s, prestressed concrete largely superseded reinforced concrete bridges in the UK, with box girders being the dominant form. In short-span bridges of around , prestressing is commonly employed in the form of precast pre-tensioned girders or planks.

The Larsen-Nielsen system was retired in Hungary in 1970.Dr. Jenő Gilyén: Panelos épületek szerkezetei, Tervezés méretezés, Műszaki Könyvkiadó. Budapest, 1982, pp. 21-25, 158-170, The first, experimental panel residential building was built in Dunaújváros (new industrial city) in 1961, followed by other blocks is Pécs and Debrecen in 1963.Tímea Dénes: Házgyári panelos épületek felújítása Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 2000 The first precast concrete panel work was finished in 1962 in Dunaújváros, while the first large-panel system (LPS) housing factory (these works produced near all parts of these buildings, including the built-up kitchen units and the built-up wardrobes), was built in 1965 in Óbuda, Budapest.

After Key System trains stopped running over the bridge in 1958, bids were opened on October 11, 1960, to rebuild the tunnel. The rebuild consisted of multiple stages of work: # Remove Key System rails, lower rail deck and repave # Lower the truck traffic half of the lower deck by and repave # Remove center columns supporting upper deck # Lower the upper deck by by placing precast concrete units After the reconstruction, the tunnel would handle only road traffic. The upper deck was lowered to accommodate heavy truck traffic, as each deck would now carry five lanes of unidirectional traffic. The upper deck was dedicated to westbound traffic, and the lower deck was dedicated to eastbound traffic.

The impact to traffic during reconstruction of the tunnel was minimized mainly by working outside normal commuting hours and through the use of a portable steel bridge long and wide, designed to fit between the curbs of the existing upper deck. The bridge spanned the gap between the new upper deck and old upper deck, and the overall elevation change of caused drivers to slow to , resulting in traffic jams. The first accident caused by "The Hump", the nickname the bridge acquired after prominent warning signs advertising its presence, occurred just twelve minutes after it was first deployed on November 25, 1961. The new precast upper deck units were each long, and were installed in two halves.

Narrows Bridge The Narrows Bridge is made up of two road bridges and a railway bridge The Narrows Bridge is a freeway and railway crossing of the Swan River in Perth, Western Australia. Made up of two road bridges and a railway bridge constructed at a part of the river known as the Narrows, located between Mill Point and Point Lewis, it connects the Mitchell and Kwinana Freeways, linking the city's northern and southern suburbs. The original road bridge was opened in 1959 and was the largest precast prestressed concrete bridge in the world. Construction of the northern interchange for this bridge necessitated the reclamation of a large amount of land from the river.

Running north-south, Merivale Road is the retail centre of Nepean, offering many smaller shops as well as big box stores. Colonnade Road Business Park is to the west of Merivale Road and south of Borden Farm, supporting many businesses along its two branches, including some federal offices such as the Public Health Agency of Canada and Canadian Corps of Commissionaires, and an OC Transpo bus depot. The boulevard of Hunt Club West hosts a large auto mall, big box stores, PetSmart, and Costco's Canadian headquarters, as well as a retail location. Further south is the Bentley Avenue industrial park where many independent auto shops are located, and a precast concrete factory.

The playing field was to be set first followed by the construction of the physical stadium with precast concrete. The facility was tentatively scheduled for completion for the start of the 1995 season. As a result of its construction, in September, ownership signed an agreement with the Colorado Rockies to serve as their Single A team beginning in 1995. The choice was made in large part based on the construction of the new stadium. Although budgeted to be completed for $5 million, in November Salem approved an additional $1 million to be spent on stadium construction. The following April, costs again rose to $10.1 million for its completion primarily as a result of low construction estimates.

In 2005 construction resumed after a positive decision by the Riksdag and the Swedish government, hydrological and environmental remediation by Banverket and Skanska, and selection of contracting consortium Skanska-Vinci for the project. A new completion date of 2012 was initially estimated, later being revised to 2015. As the consortium decided to drill only one tunnel at a time, only one tunnel boring machine (TBM) was used for the revived project. Nicknamed "Åsa", the TBM was in reality a comprehensive tunnelling machine; as it drilled through the strata, it simultaneously installed precast concrete tunnel lining segments behind it, and then injected a mortar-and-gravel slurry into the voids between the strata and the lining.

A single viaduct segment located over each column was cast in place using forms.Image Caltrans District 4 photo site showing cast in place segment atop a column Pairs of precast span segments, fabricated in Stockton, were barged to the location and lifted into place with a specialized cantilever lift. (Cantilever lifts, counterweights and other equipment and materials were lifted either by a barge crane or by a jack-up crane located between adjacent columns.) Once in the proper location, the opposing segments could then be joined with through tendons (cables within conduits that are tensioned with jacks), forming a balanced cantilever over the column. Eventually, the gap in spans between columns was closed, forming a tendon-reinforced beam.

The station building is significant as a good example of a large standard precast concrete station building constructed in NSW in the 1920s. The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group in New South Wales for social, cultural or spiritual reasons. The site is of social significance to the local community on account of its lengthy association for providing an important source of employment, trade and social interaction for the local area. The site is significant for its ability to contribute to the local community's sense of place, is a distinctive feature of the daily life of many community members, and provides a connection to the local community's past.

The quays on Bryher (together with quays on St Agnes and St Martins) beneﬁted from a £3.5m Duchy of Cornwall renovation project in 2006-2008 to improve operational safety and reduce maintenance. For all off-island quays, except Anneka’s Quay, a common solution was provided: a new quay wall was built from prefabricated concrete block units, which were anchored to the bedrock using post tensioned bars and connected to the existing structure using precast deck planks. Anneka’s Quay was originally a timber deck structure support on sand filled caissons. The quay was lengthened by approximately 12m by adding two additional concrete filled caissons; the timber deck was replaced by a concrete slab.

The first NEXT Beam bridge in York, Maine The development of Northeast Extreme Tee Beam or NEXT Beam was started in 2006 by the Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute (PCI) North East to update regional standard on accelerated bridge construction for northeastern states of the United States. The NEXT Beam design was inspired by double-tee designs that have been used to build railroad platform slabs. The use of double tees with wide flange allows to have less number of beams and to have them stay in place to form the deck, resulting in a shorter construction time. The first design was introduced in 2008 called "NEXT F" with flange thickness requires topping.

In the end, the bleachers were only needed for games one and two of the 1929 World Series, both of which the Cubs lost on their way to a five-game defeat at the hands of the underdog Philadelphia Athletics. By the early 1930s, distance markers were posted: left field line, 364 feet; left-center against the outer wall, 372; left center, corner of bleachers, 364; deep center field corner, 440; right center, 354; right field line, 321. During the 1968–1970 off-seasons, the concrete in the upper deck was stripped and replaced. After 40 years of harsh Chicago winters, the original concrete was showing signs of wear and tear; it was replaced with precast concrete installed over the 1927 steel framework.

Andrews wished to create a truly Australian modern large-scale building suited to Australian conditions, something that he believed had not been achieved at that time. It was designed to accommodate approximately 4,000 public servants. Built over a site, the complex was constructed with in insitu-concrete – much of the Mall, and precast concrete (mostly post-tensioned) – the office wings, with precasting being done on site. The structural system chosen for the office wings was complex yet logical in that it was to provide efficient and economical use of materials, column free office spaces with clear spans of in the north–south shortest direction, sun shading to the north facing office wings and a pleasing regular architectural rhythm to the overall complex.

In other section they have "Fundidora de Cananea, S.A.", a manufacturer of ball mill liners, and "Road Machinery Company de México, S.A." -- which all aforementioned companies together provide approximately 600 jobs and are involved in diverse activities, from cable assembly to steel fabrication. The intent to open a concrete products industrial park north of Cananea was announced in January 2018 by Ing. Glenn Edward Roy E. of "Ferrocret", a conglomerate that shall produce all manner of precast concrete products such as: hydro conduit; walls, floors, and ceilings of affordable housing; drycast concrete pavers; cinder block; concrete railway sleepers. The factories will utilise proprietary fast- cure concrete formulations in combination with the abundant nearly free-of- cost copper slag "escoria" -- an aggregate alternative to expensive riverbed- mined gravel.

Bebresh Viaduct (виадукт „Бебреш“) is a girder bridge part of the Bulgarian Hemus (or A2) motorway, located in Vitinya Pass in Stara Planina 60 km east of Sofia, at 650 m above sea level. It was opened in 1985 and was designed by the team of D. Dragoev, P. Minchev and Y. Todorov of Moststroy AD. The viaduct is 720 m long and has 12 spans 60 m each. Rising 120 m above the ground, it is also regarded as the highest bridge in the Balkans and Bulgaria, with the precast post-tensioned girders being produced at the place and special equipment being used for the assembly. The Bebresh Viaduct is a favoured place for bungee jumping due to its height.

The building, centrally located on the island platform, has two cantilevered upswept awnings with bullnose leading edges, supported on steel lattice trusses, covering the adjacent platform areas. The roof has three metal Boyle's ventilators mounted along the ridge, with hipped gables protruding from the slope to either side of each ventilator. The building houses a semi-enclosed booking lobby at the northwest end, a station master's office, a waiting shed open to platforms 1 and 2, ladies toilets, a passage between platforms 1 and 2, and at the easternmost end a gift shop and cafe, with an attached kitchen in a lean-to extension. Kuranda Signal Cabin, 2011 Concrete walls to window sill height support the precast concrete planking above.

The existing Petaluma River bridge is an 866 feet long, twin reinforced concrete box girder (with pre-cast I girder span over the river) bridge that was built in 1955. The existing bridge has two lanes of traffic in each direction and no shoulders The new bridge will be 907 feet long with three lanes of traffic in each direction and standard shoulders. This will be one of the longest precast, post-tensioned spliced concrete girder bridges in the U.S. Constructing the new bridge over the Petaluma River, which is a navigation channel, will be very challenging. The bridge will be constructed in three stages and require erection of 99 girders up to 130 feet in length and weighing up to 60 tons each.

It is of interest that Stone was working for the Road and Bridges Branch at the same time that former members of the branch were building the first reinforced concrete structures in Australia.van der Molen 2004 "EG Stone" posting to: [email protected] on Monday, 5 April 2004 7:39 PM. This incorporates research work by Mr. Peter F. B. Alsop In 1909 Stone applied for a patent for 'improvements relating to storage chambers' such as silos, using precast concrete plates with integral edge beams, these edges being formed with flanges and gussets to assist in their assembly. Stone set up a precasting plant in Emu Plains NSW, for the manufacture of reinforced concrete houses, silos, water troughs, bins and other products.

Failure in any of these areas can result in an increased risk in exposing workers to harm in the construction environment. Falls are the leading cause of injury in the construction industry, in particularly for elder and untrained construction workers. In the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Handbook (29 CFR) used by the United States, fall protection is needed in areas including but not limited to ramps, runways, and other walkways; excavations; hoist areas; holes; form-work; leading edge work; unprotected sides and edges; overhand bricklaying and related work; roofing; precast erection; wall openings; floor openings such as holes; residential construction; and other walking/working surfaces. Other countries have regulations and guidelines for fall protections to prevent injuries and deaths.

Pre-cast concrete blocks were placed at each panel to give the correct camber and trial erection then proceeded satisfactorily: all splices being 60% pinned and bolted using parallel pins so as not to damage the holes. After the trial erection ended, the structure was dismantled and transported to the site for final erection. Work commenced on the foundation cylinders in August 1944 (each of the four cylinders were named (A to D). In March 1945 the precast sections B and D each weighing were lifted and placed in their prepared guides using the floating crane Titan. They proved watertight but were extremely lively in the water, the slightest wash from a passing launch causing them to strike heavily against their staging.

74 The Moir Baronetcy, of Whitehanger in the parish of Fernhurst in the County of Sussex, was created in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 11 July 1916 for him. Moir produced a design for concrete machine-gun pillboxes. Designed to be constructed from a system of interlocking precast concrete blocks, with a steel roof, around 1500 Moir pillboxes were eventually produced (with blocks cast at Richborough in Kent) and sent to the Western Front in 1918. Moir was the founder and head of Ernest William Moir & Co Ltd, engineers, and a Director of S Pearson & Son Ltd and was President of the Junior Institution of Engineers (a forerunner, 1902–1970, of the Institution of Incorporated Engineers, later the IET) in 1929.

One of the core ideas of Brutalism was to produce a rich individual user experience while creating a sense of equality and spatial democracy. The use of precast concrete panels containing sealed windows was the manifestation of these ideas, as their repetitiveness and identicality erase any kind of spatial hierarchy. In contrast, the interior walls are made up of different concrete textures in order to have a unique experience for each individual. The use of 120-degree angles can be seen throughout the design of the Leacock Building, such as in the guardrails of the staircases, the bay windows protruding from the tower and the layout of the extension and Leacock-132, which can be understood when viewing Leacock from above.

For Forest Hills, Atterbury developed an innovative construction method: each house was built from approximately 170 standardized precast concrete panels, fabricated off- site and assembled by crane. The system was sophisticated even by modern standards: panels were cast with integral hollow insulation chambers; casting formwork incorporated an internal sleeve, allowing molds to be "broken" before concrete had completely set; and panels were moved to the site in only two operations (formwork to truck and truck to crane). Atterbury's system influenced the work of mid-1920s European modern architects like Ernst May, who used panelized prefab concrete systems in a number of celebrated experimental housing projects in Frankfurt. In this way Atterbury can be considered a progenitor of the Modern Movement.

Park Tower rooftop with Art Deco architecture details Park Tower detail - the restaurant (NoMi), Chicago Water Tower to the left Park Tower is a skyscraper located at 800 North Michigan Avenue in Chicago, Illinois. Completed in 2000 and standing at tall with 70 floors — 67 floors for practical use, it is the twelfth-tallest building in Chicago, the 43rd-tallest building in the United States, and the 83rd-tallest in the world by architectural detail. It is one of the world's tallest buildings to be clad with architectural precast concrete (the Transamerica Pyramid Building in San Francisco is taller). It is one of the tallest non-steel framed structures in the world—it is a cast-in- place concrete framed structure.

The 1971 cathedral was designed by local architects John Michael Lee, Paul A. Ryan and Angus McSweeney, collaborating with internationally known architects Pier Luigi Nervi and Pietro Belluschi, then the Dean of the School of Architecture at MIT. Precast concrete work, which is the entire top portion of the building, was constructed by Terracon and the DiRegolo Family of Hayward, CA. Measuring 255 feet (77.7 m) square, the cathedral soars to 190 feet (57.9 m) high and is crowned with a 55 feet (16.7 m) golden cross. Its saddle roof is composed of eight segments of hyperbolic paraboloids, in such a fashion that the bottom horizontal cross section of the roof is a square and the top cross section is a cross. The design process was controversial.

Launching gantry used for Honolulu Rail Transit guideway construction (2015) A launching gantry (described also by other terms including beam launcher, girder launcher, bridge building crane, and bridge-building machine, locally nicknamed the Iron Monster) is a special-purpose mobile gantry crane used in bridge construction. It is used to install precast box girders in highway and high-speed rail bridge construction projects. The SLJ908 is a machine that can carry, lift, and place sections of track, connecting pillars by heavy stone blocks. After pillars are in place and construction has been carried out up to a certain pillar, the machine advances over the gap to the next pillar and drops another block of track into place, spanning the gap.

The Minewater Treatment Scheme at Blindwells, soon after it was first established (3/4/11)Blindwells MTS, view to NE (photo dated 3 April 2011) A reedbed treatment scheme for minewater, covering an area of 2.5 ha, has been constructed to the east of the natural pond at Blindwells. It consists of a 30 m long precast concrete cascade, 1.2 m deep conditioning zone and 3 N° reed beds with associated inlet and outlet structures. The reed bed levels have been designed to give a gravity flow through the system and also a piped bypass system. The photos here were taken in April 2009 when the reedbeds had only just begun to develop; by summer 2012 there was no sign of open water as dense vegetation was covering each of the pools.

From 2001 to 2010, Cojuangco served as the Representative of the 5th District of Pangasinan. He focused on infrastructure projects, believing that quality and not just the quantity of projects, are the catalyst for economic development. His accomplishments include: the lobbying for and successful monetization and continuous release of the 12 years overdue tobacco tax share of Burley tobacco producing areas throughout the country amounting to 6.5Billion pesos, initially. Innovations such as: precast concrete arch bridges of 12m spans, concrete tower silos, people’s donation for road right of way of widened barangay roads, advanced drilling technology which resulted in truly potable barangay water systems, prepaid water dispensing, multi-level school buildings, surface irrigation systems, travelling irrigator systems, radial irrigation gates, the use of digital terrain models in flood basin drainage design and implementation, among others.

During construction of the piers, precast concrete sills were built in a cofferdam on the north side of the river and floated out and sunk between the piers to form the gate recesses, with access tunnels at the upstream and downstream ends.Environment Agency The gates of the barrier were fabricated in sections at Cleveland Bridge's Darlington works and assembled at Port Clarence on the River Tees. The gates, gate arms and rocking beams were transported from the Tees to the Thames by barge and lifted into position by two very large floating cranes operated by Neptun of Hamburg (now part of SMIT).Manufacture and Installation of the Barrier Gates and Operating Machinery - P F Harvey, Davy Cleveland Barrier Consortium - Institution of Mechanical Engineers - Paper presented at a meeting on 8th June 1983.

Its main spaces survive, although the former refreshment room and kitchen are now the gift shop and cafe, and the former kitchen yard is now a lean-to extension. One of the earliest stations to be built in Australia using standard precast concrete units, Kuranda is the second oldest remaining example of its type in Queensland. Two earlier examples at Northgate (1911–12) and Chelmer (1913) in Brisbane have both been demolished, while another example opened at Ascot (Eagle Farm Racecourse) in February 1914 survives. A luggage lift from the overbridge to the platform, installed in 1915, was demolished after 1939, but a new lift with a shed at its base has been built since 1994. The signal cabin included a fully interlocking McKenzie and Holland 37-lever mechanical signal frame (still extant).

However, after the subsequent implementation of the changes in design, the underground room was used as a basement, and the floor above the basement (1st floor) was supported by the poles (flooting floor system). Floor work is made with on- site casting system and made of precast concrete, consisting of rectangular floor plates measuring 3 x 3 meters and 15 cm thickness. For preparation of roof structures, a concrete beam (ringbalk) was used with a vierendeel system connecting structural columns at a height of 20 m above the ground floor (1st floor). This ringbalk extends 30 m without columns, so that the floor would not be separated by the columns, thus the congregation room would not be separated by divisions or columns for the convenience of the worshipers.

Larsen- Nielsen-type building in Budapest-Újpest (built by the BHK II.) Precast concrete buildings in Gyöngyös (1974) Renovated large-panel system building in Szeged Panel building under renovation in Budapest-Békásmegyer (built by the BHK I.) 3-storey panel block in Budapest (built in 1989) with tiled roof After World War II a serious housing crisis developed in Hungary due to rapid population growth and urbanization. The exodus of the rural population after the collectivization in the late 1940s and the early 1950s from rural areas was particularly important as a source of migration. Budapest and other cities became overcrowded, and the Communist government eventually responded. After several study visits and conventions, in the early 1960s Hungary bought the large-panel system (LPS) from the Soviet Union and Denmark.

The place possesses uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales. The former Torin building is a rare and intact example of Late 20th Century International style industrial architecture designed by master architect Marcel Bruer who worked with Walter Gropius and the Bauerhaus and gave us lauded design items such as the Wassily and Cesca Chair and who later in his career designed buildings of critical acclaim such as the Whittney Museum, New York and the UNESCO building in Paris. It is the only building in Australia designed by Breuer and one of the few buildings in Australia designed by an internationally renowned master architect. It features exceptionally fine concrete block and precast concrete sun control detailing protecting windows at ground level.

The site preparation began with the demolition of a Firestone Tire dealership in February 2006, and on February 28, 2006, the excavation and blasting of a -deep hole for the below- grade parking garage began. Over of explosives were used during its excavation and it took just over 60,000 dump truck loads to remove all of the excavated material from the site, some of which was used in the construction of a third runway at Charlotte-Douglas International Airport. The building was constructed by Batson-Cook Construction, with ready mix products from Concrete Supply Co. and structural engineering firm TRC International Ltd, of Sarasota, Florida. The building core is constructed with poured-in-place concrete while the floor structures utilize precast double tees, a structural method typically seen in parking decks.

The greater brightness of Brandywine Shoals beacon, even though it was much further away from the test point than the other two, was a nail in the coffin for the reflector system, and the board quickly went about installing Fresnel lenses in all lighthouses upon assuming authority in 1852. The light survived into the next century, but its cramped facilities and concerns about corrosion of the piles led the Lighthouse Board to obtain an appropriation to construct a caisson light at the site. This light, completed in 1914, featured a reinforced concrete superstructure on a cast iron and concrete caisson, resting upon wooden and precast concrete piles. The superstructure of the old light was removed, but the platform remained into the 1950s, used by the Navy for various purposes.

The Rose Bay Promenade is a collective term for various elements including: the seawall, the balustrade with light standards directly above; four sets of stairs to access Rose Bay; the road carriageway, footpaths to the north and south of New South Head Road; landscaped verge of mature fig trees and other plantings punctuated by parking bays either side of New South Head Road; and the early refreshment rooms. The setting comprises Rose Bay Park to the west and the waters of Rose Bay. The seawall consists of a structure covered by cement render, above which is a reinforced concrete balustrade wall of 30 panelled bays topped by 29 regularly-spaced light standards of precast concrete columns with single spherical glass lights. A thin coat of surface render has been applied in the 2007 reconstruction.

Robustness is the ability of a structure to withstand events like fire, explosions, impact or the consequences of human error, without being damaged to an extent disproportionate to the original cause - as defined in EN 1991-1-7 of the Accidental Actions Eurocode. A structure designed and constructed to be robust should not suffer from disproportionate collapse (progressive collapse) under accidental loading. Buildings of some kinds, especially large-panel systems and precast concrete buildings, are disproportionately more susceptible to collapse; others, such as in situ cast concrete structures, are disproportionately less susceptible. The method employed in making a structure robust will typically depend on and be tailored to the kind of structure it is, as in steel framed building structural robustness is typically achieved through appropriately designing the system of connections between the frame's constituents.

Airport section underway near Joint Base Pearl Harbor–Hickam (2019) The third section of the route to be completed is the Airport section east from Aloha Stadium to Middle Street that includes four stations, including the Honolulu International Airport station. AECOM won the contract to design the Airport section in 2012 with a $38.8 million bid. The construction contract was awarded to a joint venture of Shimmick-Traylor- Granite (STGJV) in August 2016, who bid $874.8 million; construction started in December 2016. The Airport section consists of 214 total spans which are also being constructed using precast concrete box girder bridge segments, like the earlier Farrington and Kamehameha sections, but for the Airport section, the segments are lifted and supported by an overhead gantry crane while they are tensioned.

The station building is a four-floor brick-and-glass structure housing that includes ticketing offices, a waiting area, classrooms, and community rooms. The front façade mainly comprises a three-story glass wall inside of a precast steel arch, facing a small plaza at the intersection of Smith Avenue and 32nd Street. The lobby is decorated with an inlaid terrazzo floor with a design representing local waterways, accompanied by a three-story atrium consisting of a large glass wall and a large clock. The station building, designed by architectural firm Zimmer Gunsul Frasca Partnership, houses ticket counters and waiting areas for Amtrak and Greyhound in addition to passenger amenities, such as restrooms, payphones, a customer service center, and ORCA card vending machines, open daily from 6am to 10pm.

Hotels and other assets were also lost although court proceedings are currently underway to sort out the tangle. The business is trading successfully and employs about 2000 people locally and putting substantial income into the area. Other local businesses include; McCaffrey Quarries, Ernecast (Precast conc. products), Crust'n'Crumb, Teemore Engineering, Steel Solutions, Ernco Signs, Erne Lifting, A1 Transport(Road Haulage), Eco Systems Direct (Solar Energy, Gilleece Crane Hire, Total IT Solutions, McCorry Agri Supplies, JP Corry Hardware, Blake's Pub and restaurant, The Mountview Pub, Knockninney Country House and Marina, JM Engineering (Pig Pens and Lorry Accessories), Drum Engineering, Barrett's Bathrooms & Tiles, Malone and Smyth Kitchens and Furniture, Lunneys Furniture Sales, Corraquil Cruising, and a full range of small family run businesses including shops, accountants, pharmacy, childcare, schools, churches and sheltered housing for senior citizens. .

Following the traditional hierarchy of lightstations, the tower had a commanding view across the precinct which consisted of a Headkeeper's and Assistant Keeper's Quarters' of the Victorian Georgian style, as well as a signal station, store buildings and flagstaff. In his design of the Cape Byron Lightstation, Harding employed a contemporary construction technique of using precast concrete blocks which he had trialed during the construction of the Point Perpendicular Light in 1898. Considered the prototype for NSW (although the first example was built at Point Hicks in Victoria in 1888), the use of the emerging concrete block technology at Point Perpendicular demonstrated a number of benefits for lighthouse construction as it eliminated previous dependences on scaffolding, on-site quarrying or the need to transport quality stone and skilled tradesmen to the site.

The place possesses uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales. The Cape Byron Lightstation (including moveable items) is of state heritage significance for its rarity values as it was only the second lightstation in NSW to be built of precast concrete blocks rather than the traditional stone material. Due to the success of the prototype at Point Perpendicular Lightstation in 1899 (although the first example was built at Point Hicks in Victoria in 1888) and the benefits and cost savings it made to lighthouse construction, the design of the Cape Byron Lightstation is almost an identical copy of that constructed at Point Perpendicular. The Cape Byron Lightstation (including moveable items) is also of state heritage significance for the rarity of its optical system.

His design of the multi-storey experimental vertical shopping block intended solely for women's retail "Lasade" at 70 Castlereagh Street, Sydney, for which he received the "10 Best Building Award" in 1961, offset glazed and pressed bronze panels in a curtain wall facade with solid vertical bands of acid etched, precast concrete panels. Work first commenced on the Emerald Hills project. The construction drawings for Emerald Hill are entitled as Ian McKay and Philip Cox, Architects in Association, 68 Blues Point Road, North Sydney and dated January 1963.NSW SL PXD 790/405-407 The design incorporated a series of pavilions arranged along a colonnade to form a series of courtyard spaces around the nineteenth century rural residence "Emerald Hills" which was to be restored as the warden's residence.

Another view of the Adam Viaduct The bridge was constructed as a test case, to see if prestressed concrete construction was feasible for rail projects in the UK, by the LMS railway company, and designed by their chief civil engineer William Kelly Wallace. The beams used were prestressed using the Freyssinet system, in which concrete is precast with stressed high-tensile-strength metal tendons, which consist of multiple steel wires, running down the length of them. In construction, the beams internal rods are tightened and tied together so, under live load, they act as one. The LMS developed this system in the 1930s, and prestressed beams were first used for emergency repairs during World War Two, but the Adam Viaduct first to use them for a full-scale project.

The turbine hall was lit by skylights. Two 128 metre tall precast concrete chimneys were located to the east of the boiler house. Three 14,000 tonne oil tanks were located to the south-east of the site. The first half of the station, commissioned in 1960, comprised four low-pressure boilers (John Brown Land Boilers Ltd.) each with a capacity of 550,000 lb/hr (69.3 kg/s) producing steam at 950 psi and 925°F (65.5 bar and 496°C) and four 60 MW turbo-alternators (English Electric Co Ltd). Advances in technology meant that the second half of the station, commissioned in 1961–2, was equipped with two high pressure boilers rated at 1,600,000 lb/hr (201.6 kg/s) producing steam at 1600 psi and 1010/1005 °F (110 kg/s and 543/541°C).

It was the last staffed lighthouse constructed in NSW. Also constructed 1902/3 were: a lightkeepers cottage with garden (concrete blocks with terracotta tiles of the Marseilles pattern on the roof); a small building for a fuel store, workshop and paint store and earth closet (concrete blocks with terracotta tiles of the Marseilles pattern on the roof); Assistant Keeper's duplex (eastern and western quarters) built of concrete blocks with terracotta tiles of the Marseilles pattern on the roof; a signal house constructed as a flag house for the flagstaff (constructed of precast concrete blocks painted, cemented inside, with roof of concrete); a timber flagstaff; a stables constructed of concrete blocks with terracotta tiles of the Marseilles pattern for the roof; and two small fuel stores (earth closet and sink) constructed of concrete blocks, with roofs of terracotta tiles of the Marseilles pattern.

The precast concrete 'T' beams, which form the floors and roofs, overhang to the north and are picked up by edge beams which are in turn supported by individual columns staggered for each floor. The southern ends of the 'T' beams are supported by edge beams which are picked up by individual staggered hanging 'columns' from large 'gallows' beams which span across the landscaped courtyards. The gallows beams are in turn supported by large, full-height columns to the south of the hangers and the main structure of the offices on the north. Since the gallows beams are being 'pulled down' by the hangers, the load on the beam at the other end where it is supported by columns is minimal, thus providing an efficient structural system that is in tension at one end and under compression at the other.

Hard core in UK engineering is broken bricks, broken concrete, rocks etc. used as foundation material Beneath the middle 200 yards, the rock foundation was at a great depth under the mud, so the reinforced concrete road was built on an open viaduct over about 200 reinforced concrete piles and supported by reinforced concrete trestles made of columns, beams and bracings. Although the new leisure area behind the road would be filled with hard core and soil, and similar filling would be placed below the viaduct, the road on its viaduct could be used early on, with no need to worry about initial subsidence of the filling. The river-side of the embankment was faced with a reinforced concrete curtain wall, built by suspending precast, properly cured, reinforced concrete L-shaped units from the top of the viaduct's trestle.

On the English side, a marshalling area was below the top of Shakespeare Cliff, the New Austrian Tunnelling method (NATM) was first applied in the chalk marl here. On the English side, the land tunnels were driven from Shakespeare Cliff – same place as the marine tunnels – not from Folkestone. The platform at the base of the cliff was not large enough for all of the drives and, despite environmental objections, tunnel spoil was placed behind a reinforced concrete seawall, on condition of placing the chalk in an enclosed lagoon, to avoid wide dispersal of chalk fines. Owing to limited space, the precast lining factory was on the Isle of Grain in the Thames estuary, which used Scottish granite aggregate delivered by ship from the Foster Yeoman coastal super quarry at Glensanda in Loch Linnhe on the west coast of Scotland.

In addition, the company manufactures precast panels; and fabricates steel structures and profiles, as well as manufactures and transports ready mixed concrete Arabtec has executed a number of high-profile construction projects, including the Burj Khalifa (the tallest building in the world), the fit out of Burj Al Arab (fourth tallest hotel in the world that was constructed by Al Habtoor Engineering Enterprises in partnership with Murray and Roberts), Louvre Museum in Abu Dhabi, Terminal 1 of Dubai International Airport and passenger terminal of Dubai World Central International Airport (now Al Maktoum International Airport).Completed projects Arabtec has business agreements with a number of major construction conglomerates across the world, including the Saudi Binladin Group. On September 30, 2020, Arabtec filed for liquidation due to its untenable financial position following the fallout from the coronavirus pandemic.

An additional bridge was built alongside, long with precast concrete box girders, each girder carrying a single rail track, with each span long, the new bridge taking a straighter path because the turning basin had been filled in. Work begun in December 1975, with the new bridge opened on 11 December 1978."In Brief" Railway Gazette International February 1979 page 124"Here & There" Australian Railway Historical Society Bulletin issue 498 April 1979 page 6 Work then begun on rehabilitating and upgrading the existing bridge, with two tracks being taken out of use at a time. The new bridge was signalled for a trains travelling in a single direction on each line, but the four tracks on the older viaduct were resignalled for bidirectional use, as the operation of the City Loop would be reversed between morning and after peaks.

Andrade was born in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, in a financially difficult household. Her father, Necthaly (Nick) Andrade, was a former choir director and guitarist who immigrated from Honduras to Canada in 1987 and established a construction business in precast supply in 2003 in Edmonton, Alberta, which is where Andrade grew up in her childhood. Andrade's family belonged to a Seventh-day Adventist church, and keeping with the faith's prohibition of dance and music except in praise and service to God, Andrade's mother controlled the music in the family's house, even disapproving of Andrade's father's favourite music in mariachi and balladeers like Jose Luis Perales and Julio Iglesias. Nevertheless, many of Andrade's siblings sang, her father played guitar and so did she at age 13 beign taught chords by her father, and she enjoyed singing growing up being inspired by her father.

While Adams employed boat builders to continue the use of wood in "The River", for a Middletown, Connecticut hospital common room, for "African Garden", a schoolyard in East New York, Brooklyn, she combined cast iron bases and laminated wood seats in stools and benches inspired by African furniture. A commission for the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey entitled "Glider Park," suspended seating under steel pavilions designed to incorporate the growth of the trees on the site. Subsequently, precast and cast-in-place concrete structures started to appear as well as cast, etched, and fabricated, steel, bronze and aluminum and very often, water and plant material played major roles. Two large outdoor meeting places on college campuses, "The Roundabout" in downtown Philadelphia, and "Scroll Circle", at the University of Delaware, create major focal points.

The section between Oneida and Highway 44 was created by the Arkansas State Highway Commission on November 23, 1966. A new section was created near Watkins Corner south to a county road on June 28, 1973, pursuant to Act 9 of 1973 by the Arkansas General Assembly.. The act directed county judges and legislators to designate up to of county roads as state highways in each county. The highway was extended south to Highway 20 on February 27, 1974.. The route was extended north on August 28, 1974 during a renumbering of routes in the area to improve continuity. The Highway 318 extension supplanted Highway 243 north of Watkins Corner.. In 1974, the AHTD temporarily used a Bailey bridge for over Big Creek following a bridge failure.. The temporary structure was replaced with a permanent precast concrete bridge later that year..

Kansas City Convention Center is Kansas City's largest complex of multifaceted structures dedicated to meetings and conventions, sports and entertainment. It offers of column-free exhibit space on one floor, of tenant finishes, a conference center, another of additional space on two levels, 45 meeting rooms, a 2,400-seat fine arts theater, and an arena that can seat over 10,700 people, along with a ballroom that was scheduled for an April 2007 opening, all connected to major downtown hotels and underground parking by glass-enclosed skywalks and below-ground walkways. A unique Convention Center feature is the expansive Barney Allis Plaza, a public square ideal for outdoor receptions, festivals and concerts. The interior finishes in the public access areas consist of granite flooring and stairs adjacent to Precast Concrete panels at the Main Entry with Carpet Tile in the Ballroom and Pre-functions.

Artist's rendering of the basic viaduct-style span, also known as the "Skyway" design (1997) Engineering and economic analysis in 1996 suggested that a replacement bridge would cost a few hundred million dollars more than a retrofit of the existing eastern span, would have a far longer expected useful life (perhaps 75 to 100 years rather than 30), and would require far less maintenance. Rather than retrofit the existing bridge, CalTrans (California Department of Transportation) decided to replace the entire eastern span. The design proposed was an elevated viaduct consisting of reinforced concrete columns and precast concrete segment spans as seen in the illustration at right. The design criterion was that the new bridge should survive an 8.5 magnitude earthquake on any of several faults in the region (particularly the nearby San Andreas and Hayward faults).

Concrete was a cheaper alternative as the blocks could be cast on-site and applied in a circular form with relative ease. With inherent strength and an aesthetic appearance, Harding considered the use of precast concrete blocks to be so successful that the design of the Cape Byron Lightstation is almost an identical copy of that constructed at Point Perpendicular. Construction of the site began in July 1900 by contractors Mitchell and King. The total cost was A£10,042 pounds to the contractors, A£8,000 for the apparatus and lantern house, and A£2,600 for the road from Byron Bay township. Construction ended in 1901 and was to be celebrated on 30 November 1901 in a great banquet, with special trains carrying visitors from Lismore and Murwillumbah, at the presence of the Premier of the day, the Hon.

In the 250cc National division, reigning champion Jason McIntyre (Marron Excavations / RMR Superkarts Anderson-KTM) had a perfect weekend, turning pole position into four races wins including a top ten finish in Race Three. McIntyre was however pushed as he has never been pushed in the last two seasons as John Roberts (Stockman Superkarts Stockman-Kawasaki) diced with McIntyre in three of the four races and heads to Eastern Creek closer in the points race than any of McIntyre rivals have managed. Another class newcomer, David Williams (Project Precast Anderson-Yamaha) snapped at the heels of McIntyre and Roberts throughout the weekend to finish third. A tyre failure in race one saw defending 125cc reigning champion Russell Jamieson (Coach Design Stockman- Honda) finish the weekend in third place as his team mate and father Chryss Jamieson (Coach Design Stockman-Honda) took out the round.

An open office area in Wright's Johnson Wax headquarters complex, Racine, Wisconsin (1939) His Prairie houses use themed, coordinated design elements (often based on plant forms) that are repeated in windows, carpets, and other fittings. He made innovative use of new building materials such as precast concrete blocks, glass bricks, and zinc cames (instead of the traditional lead) for his leadlight windows, and he famously used Pyrex glass tubing as a major element in the Johnson Wax Headquarters. Wright was also one of the first architects to design and install custom-made electric light fittings, including some of the first electric floor lamps, and his very early use of the then-novel spherical glass lampshade (a design previously not possible due to the physical restrictions of gas lighting). In 1897, Wright received a patent for "Prism Glass Tiles" that were used in storefronts to direct light toward the interior.

In the building's interior, similar to what is seen in the Low Pressure Boiler Room, the ceiling separating the Ash Room from the Boiler Room is covered in semi-circular vaults, with the only difference between the two being that in the Low Pressure Building these are in tile and in the High Pressure Building they are in precast concrete. The building was built in the 1940s with classical influences from renaissance palaces, a faithful reflection of that period as well as of the Fascist system that ruled Portugal then. Its structure is a true engineering masterpiece; a model of iron architecture unequalled in Lisbon, which sustains not only the entire brick cladding, but also the boilers, the chimneys and the water reservoir located at the top of the building. Aesthetically, the facade follows the models of a renaissance palace, divided into base, pilasters and entablature.

This lighthouse group, designed and constructed under the direction of C. W. Darley, Engineer-in- Chief for Public Works, and completed in 1903 follows in all essentials the precast block construction method using local aggregates which was first introduced at Point Perpendicular in 1899. Its splendid lantern of the type made famous on the New South Wales coast by Colonial Architect James Barnet, was fitted with a kerosene burning first order dioptric revolving light system manufactured by the Birmingham firm of Chance Bros. Focal plane of the light is above highwater mark and visibility horizon is . While Norah Head lighthouse demonstrated the principal design features of the Barnet style colonial architecture, it had to have a tower because of its location on the low headland north of Tuggerah Lake entrance and its lantern was three times as powerful as that at Byron Bay which was opened only two years previously.

The gaol, sited as it is, high on the peninsular above Trial Bay is aesthetically distinctive and has significant landmark qualities as a ruin which are unique throughout the State. Trial Bay Gaol is a rare example of a large scale gaol constructed in NSW in a remote location for the purpose of carrying out a public work, the construction of Trial Bay Breakwater, a rare and ambitious project in itself. The gaol contains the only example of a double storey cell block constructed in precast mass concrete block in NSW. The use of the gaol and environs as a German internment camp during WWI contributes to the rarity values of the site as it was one of only five such camps in NSW and the only one of these to house Germans of high social standing in the business and professional and political arenas.

The works included increasing the seal width along of the road, reconstructing of road, and resealing . Precast concrete structures were used to replace two old, narrow wooden bridges. In the 1950s, roundabouts were constructed at each end of The Causeway, to improve the flow of traffic on the bridges and the distribution of traffic back into the road network. The roundabout at the eastern end, connecting with Great Eastern Highway, opened in 1952. In 1973 construction began on upgrading that intersection to a grade- separated partial cloverleaf interchange. The interchange opened on 8 March 1974, having cost AUS$1.3 million. Greenmount Hill truck arrester bed A major accident occurred at the intersection with Roe Highway on 30 December 1993. A truck lost control coming down Greenmount Hill and rolled over at the intersection, after crashing into six vehicles on the hill and another 14 at the intersection.

The West Gate Tunnel Project announced in 2018 that a new $60 million precast concrete facility would be built in Benalla to provide more than 65,000 concrete products for the project. The facility would include a new 700 metre rail siding and 600 metres of new rail track connecting it to the nearby freight line so the concrete segments could be loaded directly on to freight trains and transported to Melbourne. In August 2020 it was revealed about 460 of the concrete components, weighing up to 160 tonnes, would be too big for the railway tracks and would instead need to be trucked to Melbourne via 52-metre long, five-metre high "superload" freight vehicles travelling at 25km/h. Residents in towns on the route, including Longwood and Locksley complained after they were warned to expect as many as five loads a week for two years, travelling at night.

Originally conditional on not asking for a shelter, the Railways department was approached by Arthur Carman to agree to residents erecting a shelter. The department relented and erected a simple 6-metre by 3-metre wooden shelter, opened on 30 April 1941. In 1954, a diversion of the meandering Porirua stream north of Linden station cut off a loop of the stream and eliminated two old wooden road bridges by taking the stream under a new bridge built at the intersection of Collins Avenue, Linden Avenue, Beachamp street, and Findlay Street. This allowed the Linden shopping centre to be developed on Collins Avenue on both the east and west sides of the railway. In conjunction with the double tracking of the line from Tawa Flat to Porirua in 1957, an island platform was constructed at Linden and a new larger shelter built from precast concrete panels replaced the original shelter.

The Bakerloo, Central, Jubilee, Northern, Piccadilly, Victoria and Waterloo & City lines are deep-level tubes, with smaller trains that run in two circular tunnels with a diameter of about , lined with cast-iron or precast concrete rings, which were bored using a tunnelling shield. These were called the tube lines, although since the 1950s the term "tube" has come to be used to refer to the whole London Underground system. Many of the central London deep-tube line stations, such as those on the Central and Piccadilly lines, are higher than the running lines to assist deceleration when arriving and acceleration when departing. The deep-tube lines generally have the exclusive use of a pair of tracks, except for the Piccadilly line, which shares track with the District line between Acton Town and North Ealing and with the Metropolitan line between Rayners Lane and Uxbridge, and the Bakerloo line, which shares track with London Overground services north of Queen's Park.

O Movimento Brasileiro de Alfabetização (The Brazilian Moviment of Literation), better known as MOBRAL, was one of the projects created by the Brazilian government, by the Law 5.379, at the 15th of December 1967, and proposed to literate of youths and adults, with a vision of "conducting the human person to acquire techniques of reading, writing and calculation, as a way of integration in its community, allowing better life conditions". And basics on higiene (the militar government had a good health plan, with food and even dentists assisting in every elementary school), sanitation (they’d provide the people with a precast set and basic knowledge in how to install a septic tank and outside toilet, for those less fortunate). Remembering that was Brasil back in the 60s. (I can remember one of my friend’s Mom, on her 30s or 40s, that came from one small village, how proud she was for learning how to write, read and more).

To prevent the building sinking into the ground if an earthquake caused liquefaction of the ground, the top 10 m of the piles were designed as precast concrete piles with steel casings. In order to prevent the building from rising up due to buoyancy the piles were cast with a ground floor slab 1.6 – 2.5 m thick to provide sufficient weight. The semicircular landside building contained a ticket office, the entrance hall and administrative offices, with storage and plant space in two basement levels below. From the entrance hall visitors descended to the submerged tunnel in glazed risers. The tunnel was made from reinforced concrete and was 15 m wide and 60 m long, but the shortest distance from the dome to shore was 15 m The final design was for a 20,000 m2 building, consisting of a 5,000 m2 landside entry building, the 60m submerged tunnel of 1,000 m2, opening into the dome, which encased four levels totalling 14,000 m2.

After excavating the new terminal's shell and creating the first of tunnel using the drill-and-blast method, S3 placed two tunnel-boring machines (TBMs) in the ground to dig the remaining ; as it dug, each TBM placed precast concrete liner segments to create the tunnel interior. Early on in the project, it was announced that the new stations would feature platform screen doors. The stations (along with the new South Ferry station on the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line and the three Phase 1 Second Avenue Subway stations in the Upper East Side) would include special air-cooling systems to reduce the temperature along platforms. Due to its depth, the extension has ventilation towers, rather than the ventilation grates ubiquitous in the rest of the subway system. However, in October 2007, soon after the announcement of the new extension, the 10th Avenue station was canceled due to an overrun of the $2.4 billion budget, and the MTA did not have an extra $500 million to build the 10th Avenue station.

Moreover in a study published in the journal of Cleaner Production authors preformed a model where they proved that improved the compressive strength of the concrete while reducing emissions as a result, in so allowing for a cement loading reduction while at the same time having a "4.6% reduction in the carbon footprint" Another proposed method of capturing emissions is to absorb CO2 in the curing process, by the use of an admixture (a dicalcium silicate y phase) as the concrete cures. The use of coal ash or another suitable substitute, could theoretically have CO2 emissions below 0 kg/m3, compared to portland cement concrete at 400 kg/m3. The most effective method of production of this concrete would use the exhaust gas of a power plant, where an isolated chamber could control temperature and humidity. In August 2019, reduced CO2 cement was announced which "reduces the overall carbon footprint in precast concrete by 70%.". The base of these cement being primarily of wollastonite (CaSiO3) and rankinite (3CaO·2SiO2) in contrast to traditional portland cement alite (3CaO·SiO2) belite (2 CaO · SiO2).

Gulf Life Tower in 1968. The Auchter Company, Jacksonville's oldest general construction contractor, built the 542,000 ft2 Gulf Life Tower for the Gulf Life Insurance Company in 1966. It was designed by the notable architect, Welton Becket and KBJ Architects. When completed in 1967, it was the tallest precast, post-tensioned concrete structure in the world.British Library Direct: Concrete Products 2004, VOL 107; NUMB 10, pages 52-52 It remained Florida's tallest for five years until Miami's One Biscayne Tower was constructed in 1972. It was Jacksonville's tallest for eight years until the Independent Life Building (now the Wells Fargo Center) was built in 1974. In 2007, 40 years after its construction, Riverplace Tower was still the fifth tallest building in Jacksonville. Gulf Life Insurance Company was merged into American General Life of Houston in 1991 and the Jacksonville Gulf Life Tower was unneeded and destined to be sold.AIG website: Company history American General wanted $30 million, but the building was 24 years old and no longer a class "A" property.

The began to build larger and larger estates of housing in the suburban fringes, as well as country towns, of both single homes and duplexes, from stylish Old English style double brick to simple unadorned prefabricated weatherboard. The compulsory purchase and demolition of blocks of 'slums' in the inner and middle ring suburbs also gathered pace, usually replaced by apartment buildings of various designs, from long two storey blocks of prefabricated construction placed diagonally on the blocks in a garden setting to concentrated blocks of concrete and brick four storey walk-ups. The Commission was keen to produce the largest number of house at the lowest cost, and in an era when prefabrication was widely regarded as the most efficient construction method, the Commission continued its pre-war development of precast concrete houses. In 1946 the former Commonwealth Tank factory building in suburban Holmesglen was leased to the Victorian Housing Commission, and transformed into a 'Housing Factory' for the production of prefabricated concrete houses and flats. The entire operation became a production line process and by 1948, 1,000 houses had been produced.

The bridge that will carry the West Midlands Metro over Great Charles Street Queensway will be designed by a separate practice and be part of a separate planning application.Viaduct Bay Study Sheet 2 OP/209 Rev A – Planning application number: C/00317/06/RES, submitted 25 January 2006 (Accessed 2007-11-24) The viaduct will be covered in pebble ballast.Metro/piazza level OP/203 Rev A – Planning application number: C/00317/06/RES, submitted 25 January 2006 (Accessed 2007-11-24) There will be 16 sets of reinforced concrete columns supporting the viaduct which consists of reinforced concrete beams and a reinforced concrete parapet. Beneath these will be a service road for deliveries to the retail units and the hotel.Elevation of Viaduct & new piazza OP/210 Rev A – Planning application number: C/00317/06/RES, submitted 25 January 2006 (Accessed 2007-11-24) For the construction of the viaduct, Tarmac Precast were awarded a £300,000 contract by Kier Build to manufacture 250 specially designed TY and TYE complementary edge beams.

Capital infrastructure works were also undertaken, including the Feltham marshalling yard, major improvements to Southampton Docks and Waterloo station, a new locomotive workshop at Eastleigh, and grade separated junctions on the main line, as well as signalling modernisation schemes. A concrete manufacturing works was established at Exmouth Junction in Exeter, producing standardised precast components such as platform units, lamp posts and platelayers' huts; the designs became familiar throughout Southern Railway territory.David St John Thomas and Patrick Whitehouse, SR150—The Southern Railway, David & Charles, Newton Abbot, 1988, (paperback edition)C F Dendy Marshall revised R W Kidner, A history of the Southern Railway Ian Allan Publishing Limited, Shepperton, 1968, Nationalisation of the railways in 1948 brought relatively little immediate change to the former LSWR system, now part of the Southern Operating Area of British Railways, later the Southern Region, although national centralisation of locomotive design made Bulleid's position untenable and he retired. However, in 1966 the geographical limits of the British Railways regions was rationalised, and the Devon and Cornwall lines were transferred to the Western Region.

As at 23 August 2018, the Cape Byron Lightstation (including moveable items) is of state heritage significance as one of the last major lightstations that completed the "highway of lights" that has illuminated the NSW coastline since the 19th century. Among the final components of the string of lights that provided protection, navigational guidance and safe passage to the important colonial shipping industry, the Cape Byron Lightstation is a representative example of the system of lightstations that collectively reflect the logistical management and technical evolution of coastal infrastructure in NSW. The design and layout of the Cape Byron Lightstation is architecturally consistent with the earlier stations but implemented technical advancements, such as precast concrete block construction and the Henry-Lepaute feu eclair lens system on a rotating mercury float mechanism, which were available at the turn of the 20th century. Today, these aspects of the Cape Byron Lightstation are considered to be rare in NSW. The Cape Byron Lightstation includes three original moveable items which contribute to the significance of the site, including the 15 inch Chance Bros & Co red sector light (1889) on a cast iron pedestal; original curved timber desk (1899-1901); and clockwork winch used to drive the lens carriage (1901).

This gives the concrete using this type of cement a three-day compressive strength equal to the seven-day compressive strength of types I and II. Its seven-day compressive strength is almost equal to 28-day compressive strengths of types I and II. The only downside is that the six- month strength of type III is the same or slightly less than that of types I and II. Therefore, the long-term strength is sacrificed. It is usually used for precast concrete manufacture, where high one-day strength allows fast turnover of molds. It may also be used in emergency construction and repairs, and construction of machine bases and gate installations. Type IV Portland cement is generally known for its low heat of hydration. Its typical compound composition is: 28% (C3S), 49% (C2S), 4% (C3A), 12% (C4AF), 1.8% MgO, 1.9% (SO3), 0.9% ignition loss, and 0.8% free CaO. The percentages of (C2S) and (C4AF) are relatively high and (C3S) and (C3A) are relatively low. A limitation on this type is that the maximum percentage of (C3A) is seven, and the maximum percentage of (C3S) is thirty-five. This causes the heat given off by the hydration reaction to develop at a slower rate.