The Polish Prime Minister is right that the term "Polish death camps" can be misleading and offensive to Polish people.
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Removing gel polish is not like removing regular polish, either.
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Here is the best nail polish you can buy:Best nail polish overall: CND Vinylux Long Wear PolishBest budget nail polish: Sally Hansen Hard As Nails Xtreme WearBest gel polish: Essie Gel CoutureBest luxury nail polish: Tom Ford Nail LacquerBest for nail health: Butter London Patent Shine
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Hair-care preparations, nail polish, and nail polish removers are also logged.
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But removing gel polish is not as simple as removing regular polish.
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Some Polish citizens were among the missing, said Jakub Krupa, the British correspondent of the Polish Press Agency, citing the Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
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A Polish foreign ministry spokeswoman tweeted that there were no Polish citizens in the group and that the Polish embassy in Islamabad is monitoring the situation.
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In short, he has to make music which is Polish, but with polish.
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He had blue toenail polish and nail polish; he had long stringy hair.
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Nail polish brand ORLY has been making nail polish in LA since 1975.
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ZakopaneChicago is a Polish town, and this is a damn good Polish dive.
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"I am the son of a Polish immigrant," he told his frenzied crowd. Polish?
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The Polish Payment Standard (PSP) was created by a group of six Polish banks.
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As well as Ciech, Kulczyk Investments currently owns Polish utility firm Polenergia, a Polish road infrastructure company and Neconde in Africa, where Kulczyk is the largest Polish investor.
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In another location at the site, far right protesters wrapped in Polish flags, some stamped with the words "Polish Holocaust", laid flowers and sang the Polish national anthem.
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It's also a place where she shows off her fingers and the combinations of things she puts on them (rings, nail polish, rings, nail polish, rings, nail polish).
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Polish media paid homage on Wednesday to famous Polish actors and many others who died over the past year, including actor Roger Moore and Polish-American diplomat Zbigniew Brzezinski.
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Lets get the fella his Christmas money back, Polish people please RT in Polish. pic.twitter.
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Each year 20,000 children are born to Polish mothers; a quarter have non-Polish fathers.
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The Polish Navy is hardly better; the Polish fleet is desperately in need of modernization.
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The Polish Embassy in London called on Polish nationals to report attacks to the police.
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I have met Polish solo sailors in the South Pacific and Polish mountaineers in Alaska.
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We might never see how much shoe polish is "a little bit" of shoe polish.
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In another location at the site, far right protesters wrapped in Polish flags, some of the stamped with the words "Polish Holocaust", laid flowers and sang the Polish national anthem.
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Polish lawmakers overwhelmingly approved the changes Wednesday at the request of Polish Prime Minister Mateusz Morawiecki.
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Nail Polish, available at Smith & Cult, $18Smith & Cult's polish is vegan, cruelty-free, and chip-resistant.
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But it's definitely a 'scene' because Polish people do go out to see the Polish bands.
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The Polish zloty weakened 211 percent against the euro, whilst Polish shares also fell 2101 percent.
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I painted sparkly purple nail polish over old chipped nail polish and hoped for the best.
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The Polish authorities announced the arrests of Mr. Wang and a Polish telecommunications worker on Friday.
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POLISH PM MORAWIECKI SAYS HOPES NEGATIVE EFFECT ON POLISH ECONOMY DUE TO CORONAVIRUS WILL BE TEMPORARY
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"I fully agree with the Polish prime minister when she says this is only a Polish problem and that we can only find a Polish solution," Timmermans told reporters in Warsaw.
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There is a pride about Polish culture again, not just at home but in British Polish communities, and nowhere is this more audibly evident than at UK Polish hip-hop events, where rappers come out to spit bars for the near million Polish immigrants now living here.
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In 2012, a Polish rapper living in London called HudyHary released a send for Polish hip-hop household name Pezet, calling him out for labelling his Polish hip-hop sound as grime.
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WARSAW (Reuters) - A former Polish security official arrested by Polish authorities has been charged with spying for China while still working for Polish government institutions, the Wall Street Journal reported on Tuesday.
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Sundays Nail Polish No. 73 This polish is a splurge, but you'll feel good about wearing it.
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POLISH banks should be in Polish hands, or so says the ruling Law and Justice (PiS) party.
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Victoria is a Polish citizen and she used her Polish passport to board the flight, QNS reported.
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Another source from the Polish financial sector also said BNP Paribas was interested in the Polish subsidiary.
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It is the Polish Ombudsman's office, not the Polish branch of the Helsinki Foundation for Human Rights.
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Roughly three million Polish Jews were killed in the Holocaust, and another three million Polish citizens died.
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Wang's command of Polish set him apart from his Chinese colleagues, said a former Polish government official.
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After the war ended, Professor Bialer held posts in the Polish government and the Polish Communist Party.
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A Polish customs officer shovels untaxed cigarette packs discovered at the Polish-Ukrainian border in August 2013.
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FOR years, Polish officials have battled to ensure that the phrase "Polish death camps" is not used as a shorthand for Auschwitz and other extermination camps run by the Nazis on Polish territory.
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"The cracking of the Enigma code by Polish mathematicians is one of the key elements of not only Polish history, but modern global history," said Robert Kostro, director of the Polish History Museum.
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After being shut out by Polish banks, BitBay moved its headquarters to Malta and stopped serving Polish customers.
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NEON FLASHY NAIL POLISH & NEON PINK TOP Nail polish is always a quick, last minute job before shows.
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We believe that Polish coal mining has the potential to become the basis for a modern Polish economy.
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More global investors coming to the Polish market result from the fact that Polish companies have become bigger.
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Polish President Andrzej Duda told reporters and environmental campaigners Polish coal reserves would last for another 200 years.
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"I utterly condemn the new Polish law which tries to deny Polish complicity in the Holocaust," Lapid wrote.
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We Polish love our food—that is why there are so many Polskis [Polish supermarkets] swarming across London.
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Polish Thursdays are known for a sundry crowd that's a sampling of eclectic Berlin itself—there are plenty of hipster locals and expats, a well-dressed Polish crowd, and even a cluster of Polish grandmas.
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Raiffeisen has promised the Polish regulator KNF to conduct an IPO or find an investor for its Polish arm.
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Gel polish is also cured under a UV or LED lamp, whereas regular polish sets under less extreme conditions.
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Bydgoszcz is a large Polish city with around 356,000 inhabitants, which make it the eighth-largest among Polish cities.
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Polish newspaper Puls Biznesu reported on Tuesday that Fortum was in deal talks with a Polish gas company PGNiG .
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About three million Polish Jews were murdered in the Holocaust, along with at least 203 million other Polish civilians.
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Many historians viewed this law as an attempt by the conservative Polish government to revise history, by playing down the willing participation of many Polish citizens in the murder of 3m Polish Jews by Nazi Germany.
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Jaroslaw Kaczynski, the populist Polish politician, pushed for a law making it illegal to use the phrase "Polish death camps".
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Under Polish law, former owners can bring private restitution claims in Polish courts; some Jewish claimants have been awarded compensation.
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"Putin is a bird of prey," said Piotr Lukasiewicz, a retired Polish Army colonel and former Polish ambassador to Afghanistan.
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"We are Polish and we want to stay Polish," Danuta Bialooka-Kostenecka, a local politician in the north, told me.
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POLISH RATE-SETTER HARDT SAYS WE HAVE TO OBSERVE HOW THE CORONAVIRUS EPIDEMIC WILL INFLUENCE THE POLISH ECONOMY AND INFLATION
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Historians say certain Polish people and groups helped the Nazis, but Polish governments have pushed back on that narrative. 5.
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In fact, many sites of extermination, such as Auschwitz-Birkenau, Treblinka, Sobibor, Chelmno, Belzec and Majdanek, were situated on Polish soil; and nearly 3.5 million Polish Jews — almost 10 percent of the entire Polish population — were murdered.
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The Polish government is planning to bus lawmakers from its conservative ruling party and pro-government activists to Warsaw for President Trump's speech to the Polish people, according to The Associated Press, which cites Polish media reports.
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He added that the crashed truck had a Polish license plate and that German officials were in contact with Polish authorities.
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For these people, the traditional Polish hip-hop groups are the ones they still care about, not the Polish inflected grime.
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In case you would like to edit your comment from 'ugly black nail polish' to ugly nail polish with Garnet crystals.
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But here's where things get especially interesting: The listing goes on to include nail polish and nail polish remover — for babies.
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Ask the Polish ones which football teams they support, she says, and they often name two: one Polish and one British.
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In Iran, bentwood chairs are known as Polish chairs due to their introduction to Iran by Polish immigrants in the 1940s.
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The polish: Deborah Lippmann Bettina's SongGlitter nail polish is practically a requirement in December, and this metallic burgundy fits the bill.
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"As a result, wind farms will disappear from the Polish landscape," said Wojciech Cetnarski, head of the Polish Wind Energy Association.
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RYBNIK, Poland (Reuters) - A consortium of Polish state-run energy firms will hopefully buy the Polish assets of France's EDF (EDF.
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Clear nail polish was introduced in the 1920s, but it's not until 1936 that we see the first colored nail polish.
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How, he asked, had these despised anti-Polish elements gained the legitimacy to remain at the top rungs of Polish life?
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In 22018, he learned that China's consulate in the northern Polish port city of Gdansk was seeking a Polish-Chinese translator.
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Polish President Andrzej Duda was meeting heads of Polish financial institutions on Thursday including the finance minister and central bank governor.
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Its Polish airline, Ryanair Sun, will now double the number of aircraft on offer to Polish tour operators to over 10.
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I forgot that shellac can mean polish and polish off, or TROUNCE, and had a hard time piecing that one together.
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The Polish measure would impose prison sentences of up to three years for mentioning the term "Polish death camps" and for suggesting "publicly and against the facts" that the Polish nation or state was complicit in Nazi Germany's crimes.
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ISTANBUL (Reuters) - At least 22 Polish citizens were injured, including three seriously, after a bus crashed down a wooded slope near the southern Turkish resort of Kemer on Tuesday, according to a Polish ministry and Turkish and Polish media.
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" Netanyahu and Morawiecki also praised the Polish government-in-exile and the Polish underground, saying they "attempted to stop this Nazi activity by trying to raise awareness among the Western allies of the systematic murder of the Polish Jews.
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Ms. Merkel's acknowledgment of German responsibility for the death camp was important to Polish officials who have attempted to outlaw any suggestion of Polish complicity in the Holocaust and bristle at any reference to Auschwitz as a Polish camp.
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The Polish law would impose prison sentences of up to three years for using the phrase "Polish death camps" and for suggesting "publicly and against the facts" that the Polish nation or state was complicit in Nazi Germany's crimes.
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Polish banks face rising regulatory pressure to increase their capital buffers while margins have been squeezed by record low Polish interest rates.
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"Kler", made by celebrated Polish director Wojciech Smarzowski, was praised by critics after its premiere at a Polish film festival last week.
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Business currently being written through a Polish branch of PAC would transfer to a new Polish branch of PIA, the company wrote.
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Karski, a Roman Catholic, worked in the Polish resistance on behalf of the Polish government in exile as a courier and diplomat.
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George H.W. Bush's trip in 1989, including a speech to the Polish National Assembly, was a seminal moment for US-Polish relations.
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The World Bank lists the UK as the second most common destination for Polish exports, or 6.4 percent of all Polish exports.
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Let me be clear: There was no systematic complicity in the Holocaust, not by the Polish nation or by the Polish state.
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There is enough immigration in Paisley to support a Polish section in the public library and at least one Polish grocery store.
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Mekelberg, whose ancestors were Polish Jews, said his father had been saved by a Polish farmer, while many other relatives were killed.
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The Polish units later formed the Polish II Corps. It was composed of Polish 3rd Carpathian Infantry Division, Polish 5th Kresowa Infantry Division, Polish 2nd Armoured Brigade and other units.
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Chicago bills itself as the largest Polish city outside of Poland, with approximately 185,000 Polish language speakers,The Polish Community in Metro Chicago:A Community Profile of Strengths and Needs, A Census 2000 Report, published by the Polish American Association June 2004, p. 18 making Polish the third most spoken language in Chicago. The influence of Chicago's Polish community is demonstrated by the numerous Polish-American organizations: the Polish Museum of America, Polish Roman Catholic Union of America (the oldest Polish American fraternal organization in the United States), Polish American Association, Polish American Congress, Polish National Alliance, Polish Falcons, Polish Highlanders Alliance of North America, and the Polish Genealogical Society of America. In addition, Illinois has more than one million people that are of Polish descent, the third largest ethnic group after the German and Irish Americans.
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2nd Polish Fighter Wing (later, No. 133 (Polish) Wing) () was a mainly Polish formation of the Royal Air Force during the Second World War, that flew Supermarine Spitfires. It was part of the Polish Air Forces in France and Great Britain. It was formed in August 1941, as the 2nd Polish Fighter Wing, from three Polish squadrons, the No. 302 Polish Fighter Squadron and No. 316 Polish Fighter Squadron, and the No. 317 Polish Fighter Squadron. Its composition was not be stable, as Polish Squadrons were frequently exchanged between the three Polish wings (the No. 131 Wing RAF (1st Polish) wing, the No. 133 Wing (2nd Polish) wing, and the 3rd Polish Fighter Wing).
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Rzeczpospolita (2 April 2011), Book review: Dżem z płatków róży, Internet Archive. Notable foods in Polish cuisine include Polish sausage, red beet soup, Polish dumplings, flaczki (tripe soup), cabbage rolls, Oscypek, Polish pork chops, Polish traditional stew, various potato dishes, a fast food sandwich zapiekanka, and many more. Traditional Polish desserts include Polish doughnuts, Polish gingerbread and many similar others.
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A flag showing the logo of the Polish Teachers' Union Polish Teachers' Union (, ZNP, also translated as Union of Polish Teachers, Polish Teachers' Association, Association of Polish Teachers) is the largest Polish trade union for teachers and educators and their largest professional association.
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Polish Colombians () are Colombian citizens of full or partial Polish ancestry, or Polish-born person residing in Colombia. Most of the Polish immigrants that fled from the Holocaust to Colombia were Polish Jews.
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The Origins of Modern Polish Democracy "Polish and Polish-American Studies", Ohio University Press, 2010.
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Lillian Falk (both also faculty members at SMU), General Stanisław Kopański, Professor General Marian Kukiel, and many other accomplished people of Polish origin. The Bóbr-Tylingos were responsible for the creation of the Polish Association of Halifax-Dartmouth (1982), a Polish Apostolate with a Polish priest, a Polish School, Polish scouts, a Polish publishing house, and a Polish library. They both deserve well of Poles and Poland.
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He is of Polish descent.Józef Wittlin & Modern Polish and Polish-American Poetry: A Commemorative Anthology. 2001.
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Polish Socialist Party logo A list of notable Polish politicians of the historical Polish Socialist Party ().
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Polish Young Greens (Polish: Stowarzyszenie Ostra Zieleń) is the youth organisation of The Polish Green Party.
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Yak-9 with Polish markings. Il-2m3 with Polish markings. Pe-2 with Polish markings. The Air Force of the Polish Army (), unofficially known as the People's Polish Air Force was the name of the Soviet-controlled Polish Air Force in the USSR between 1943 and 1947 created alongside the Polish People's Army (), a subordinate to the Red Army.
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1st Polish Fighter Wing (later, No. 131 (Polish) Wing) () was a mainly Polish formation of the Royal Air Force during the Second World War, that flew Supermarine Spitfires. It was part of the Polish Air Forces in France and Great Britain. It was formed in March–April 1941, as the 1st Polish Fighter Wing, from two Polish squadrons, the No. 302 Polish Fighter Squadron and No. 303 Squadron RAF, and the British No. 601 Squadron RAF. Soon afterwards, in May, the British 601 Squadron was replaced by another Polish unit, the No. 308 Polish Fighter Squadron. The new composition would not be stable, as the Polish Squadrons were frequently exchanged between the three Polish wings (the No. 131 (1st Polish) wing, the No. 133 Wing RAF (2nd Polish) wing, and the 3rd Polish Fighter Wing).
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Historically, the Polish had several associations including the Polish Doctors Association, the Society of Polish Engineers, the Polish Lawyers Association, and the Polish Veterans. The latter group, which had a clubhouse, had 25% of its members born in Poland. The members had enlisted in Haller's Polish Army.Feinstein, p. 237.
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SWAP Branch #57 in Elizabeth, New Jersey in 1928. Milwaukee Avenue, Chicago There are approximately 10 million Polish Americans living in the United States. Polish and Polish-themed items booth at the Lagrange Street Polish Festival in Toledo, Ohio Chicago bills itself as the largest Polish city outside the Polish capital, Warsaw. There are approximately 185,000 Polish-speakers in the Chicago metropolitan area.
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Polish Brazilians () refers to Brazilians of full or partial Polish ancestry who are aware of such ancestry and remain connected, to some degree, to Polish culture, or Polish-born people permanently residing in Brazil. Also, a Polish Brazilian may have one Polish parent. Polish immigrants began arriving in Brazil in the late 19th century, but their numbers were small until 1920.
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The Polish Football Association ( PZPN) is the governing body of association football in Poland. It organizes the Polish football leagues (without the Ekstraklasa), the Polish Cup and the Polish national football team. It is based in the Polish capital of Warsaw.
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Grzegorz Pilarz (born February 12, 1980) is a Polish volleyball player, Polish club BBTS Bielsko-Biała, Polish Champion (2004).
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Polish nationals holding dual citizenship are required to use Polish travel documents (a Polish passport or, within the European Union, a Polish National ID card (Dowód osobisty) while travelling in the Schengen Area. Poland requires all Polish citizens (including foreign citizens who are, who can be claimed to or are suspected to hold Polish citizenship) to enter and depart Poland using Polish travel documents.
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The Polish Catholic Union, the socialist Polish Mutual Aid Association, and the pro-independent Polish National Alliance were Polish social programs in the area.Babson, p. 28. In terms of the political parties, Polish people were most aligned with the Democratic Party.Feinstein, p. 5.
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Polish refugees in Wellington, 1944 Poles in Dunedin, 2020 Polish New Zealanders refers to New Zealand citizens or residents of full or partial Polish ancestry, or Polish citizens living in New Zealand. The 2018 census counted 2,871 New Zealanders who claim Polish ancestry.
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The Polish music charts are provided by ZPAV, the Polish Society of the Phonographic Industry (Polish: Związek Producentów Audio-Video).
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Polish United Workers' Party logo A list of notable Polish politicians and members of the defunct Polish United Workers' Party ().
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Haiman, Miecislaus (January–June 1946). "The Polish American contribution to World War II". Polish American Studies. Polish American Historical Association.
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Foods, such as Polish sausage, sauerkraut, pierogi and kluski were common. Common drinks were beer, screwdrivers and highballs. Many popular Polish foods became a fixture in the American cuisine of today, including kiełbasa (Polish sausage), babka cake, kaszanka (kasanzka) and pierogi. Polish American cultural groups include Polish American Arts Association and the Polish Falcons.
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Chicago bills itself as the largest Polish city outside of Poland with approximately 1,900,000 people of Polish ethnicity in the Chicago metropolitan area. Chicago's Polish presence is felt in the large number of Polish American organizations located there, including the Polish Museum of America, the Polish American Association, the Polish National Alliance and the Polish Highlanders Alliance of North America. A column fragment of Wawel Castle, the onetime seat of Poland's Royalty has been incorporated into Chicago's landmark Tribune Tower as a visual tribute to Chicago's large Polish populace.
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Jędrzej Maćkowiak (born 17 October 1992) is a Polish volleyball player, a member of Polish club Krispol Września, 2014 Polish Champion.
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A memorial plaque to the Polish Historical Society, Warsaw Polish Historical Society (, PTH) is a Polish professional scientific society for historians.
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The Polish 1st Cavalry Division (Polish: 1 Dywizja Jazdy, later 1 Dywizja Kawalerii) was a tactical unit of the Polish Army between the World Wars. Formed in 1919, partially of veterans of the Polish Legions, the unit saw extensive action during the Polish-Bolshevik War.
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It has Wednesday and Saturday part-time classes, and its instruction includes Polish history, the Polish language, and Polish geography. Students may get extra marks in the French Baccalaureate for completing these classes. The school's role in giving access to Polish culture and the Polish language, makes it a popular school among Polish parents in the Paris area.Debaene, Ewelina.
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WKS Śląsk Wrocław is a Polish professional men's handball club from Wrocław, Poland. The club currently plays in the 1st Polish Handball League. Fifteen times Polish Champion and seven–time Polish Cup winner.
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Many Polish villages were liquidated during the Polish population transfers.
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Klamry (Polish for "clamps") is a Polish coat of arms.
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3rd Polish Fighter Wing () was a mainly Polish formation of the Royal Air Force during the Second World War, that flew Supermarine Spitfires. It was part of the Polish Air Forces in France and Great Britain. It was formed in June 1943, as the 2nd Polish Fighter Wing, from two Polish squadrons, the No. 302 Polish Fighter Squadron and No. 317 Polish Fighter Squadron. In September it was merged into the 1st Polish Fighter Wing (which was soon thereafter renamed the 131 Wing).
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Hutnik Kraków Polish pronunciation: , also commonly known as Hutnik Nowa Huta Polish pronunciation: , is a Polish football club based in Kraków, Poland.
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The 2010 Polish Pairs Speedway Championship () is the 2010 version of Polish Pairs Speedway Championship organized by the Polish Motor Union (PZM).
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Filip Bednarek (Polish pronunciation: ; born 26 September 1992) is a Polish footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Polish side Lech Poznań.
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Dawid Dryja (born 21 July 1992) is a Polish volleyball player, a member of the Polish club Czarni Radom, Polish Champion (2015).
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The Polish–Ottoman border would remain relatively peaceful until the Polish–Ottoman War (1633–34) and the Polish–Ottoman War (1672–76).
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Strzemię (Polish for "Stirrup") is a Polish coat of arms. It was used by several szlachta families under the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
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Directors of Polish schools and teachers were imprisoned, as was the staff of Polish pre-schools in the Masuria region. They were often forced to destroy Polish signs, emblems and symbols of Polish institutions.
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The 1950 Individual Speedway Polish Championship was the sixth running of the Individual Speedway Polish Championship. The Polish Champion was Józef Olejniczak. The Honourable Polish Champion was Alfred Smoczyk (he die 26 September 1950).
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The declared goals of the Civic Defence were defence against the attacks of Polish guerrillas and support of Czechoslovak gendarmerie, defence of the Czechoslovak-Polish demarcation line against Polish incursions and, in case of Polish invasion, holding back of Polish advance until the arrival of Czechoslovak troops.
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Karol is a West Slavic (Polish and Slovak) version of the name Charles or Carl. It is also used as a Polish translation of Charles or Karl, especially when referring to Charles Dickens (Polish: Karol Dickens), Karl Marx (Polish: Karol Marks) and Prince Charles (Polish: książę Karol).
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'Polish singing bar' on Milwaukee Avenue. Circa 1999 Chicago also has a thriving Polish cultural scene. The Polish Arts Club of Chicago was founded in 1926. The city hosts the Polish Film Festival of America where various Polish films are screened during the weeklong festival every October.
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The "Melodies for the Polish Psalter" are a valuable monument of Old Polish culture showing the lay achievements of the Renaissance adapted to the Polish conditions. Front page of the "Melodies for the Polish Psalter".
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He was also a player of Polonia Warsaw and won with this club in the season 1999/00 the Polish championship and Polish League Cup and in season 2000/01 Polish Cup and Polish Supercup.
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Marian Plezia Marian Plezia (b. 1917 in Kraków, d. 1996) was a Polish historian. He was an expert of medieval Polish history and author of a Latin- Polish dictionary and a Medieval Latin-Polish dictionary.
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Sebastian Kłosiński (born 4 August 1992, in Warsaw)Polish 2018 Olympic team at the Polish Olympic Committee website is a Polish speed skater.
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Kotwica (Polish for "Anchor") is a Polish coat of arms. It was used by several szlachta (noble) families under the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
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Wąż (Polish for "Snake") is a Polish coat of arms. It was used by several szlachta (noble) families under the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
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Artur Nogal (born 26 August 1990 in Warsaw)Polish 2018 Olympic team at the Polish Olympic Committee website is a Polish speed skater.
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Odyniec (Polish for "Boar") is a Polish coat of arms. It was used by several szlachta (noble) families under the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
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Waga (Polish for "Scales") is a Polish coat of arms. It was used by several szlachta (noble) families under the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
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Groty (Polish for "Spearheads") is a Polish coat of arms. It was used by several szlachta (noble) families under the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
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Księżyc (Polish for "Moon") is a Polish coat of arms. It was used by several szlachta (noble) families under the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
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Ostroga (Polish for "Spur") is a Polish coat of arms. It was used by several szlachta (noble) families under the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
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Porozumienie Polskie ( or Polish Alliance) is a small political group in Polish parliament, MPs elected from the League of Polish Families electoral committee.
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The Polish 50 Złotych note is a denomination of Polish currency.
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The Polish 100 Złotych note is a denomination of Polish currency.
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Poland's mathematicians provided a name to Polish notation and Polish space.
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A list of notable Polish politicians of the Polish People's Party ().
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Movement of Polish Nationalists Zadruga was a Polish neopagan nationalist movement.
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37 Polish children were refused admission to public Polish-language schools, premises were not allowed to be rented to Polish schools and preschools.Wardzyńska, p. 40 Due to such policies, only 8 Polish-language public schools existed in the city, and Poles managed to organize 7 more private Polish schools. In 1937, Poles who sent their children to private Polish schools were demanded to transfer children to German schools, under threat of police intervention, and attacks were carried out on Polish schools and Polish youth.
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At various times, this wing included other Polish squadrons, such as the No. 306 Polish Fighter Squadron, No. 309 Polish Fighter-Reconnaissance Squadron and the No. 315 Polish Fighter Squadron. The number of Polish wings was also not constant, varying from at least two to four. On 4 October 1943, the unit was renamed to No. 133 Wing(). In February the unit regained the Polish adjective in its name, becoming the No. 133 Polish Wing ().
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Polish nationality law is based primarily on the principle of jus sanguinis. Children born to at least one Polish parent acquire Polish citizenship irrespective of place of birth. Besides other things, Polish citizenship entitled the person to a Polish passport. Polish citizenship and nationality law is set out in the Polish Citizenship Act of 2009, which was published on 14 February 2012, and became law in its entirety on 15 August 2012.
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Ryszard Jerzy Gryglewski (born 4 August 1932 in Wilno) is a Polish pharmacologist and physician. Member of the Polish Academy of Learning (PAU)MEMBERS OF POLISH ACADEMY OF ARTS AND SCIENCES, PAU CLASS V OF MEDICINE, Full Members, Polish Academy of Learning. Accessed January 28, 2010 and the Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN).Full Members - Division VI, Polish Academy of Sciences.
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The Polish words themselves often come from other languages, such as German or Turkish. Borrowings from Polish tend to be mostly words referring to staples of Polish cuisine, names of Polish folk dances or specialist, e.g. horse-related, terminology. Among the words of Polish origin there are several words that derive from Polish geographic names and ethnonyms, including the name Polska, "Poland", itself.
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Polish-Ukrainian conflict of Eastern Galicia in 1918-1919. Poznan. According to Christopher Mick the Ukrainian government in general treated the Polish population under its control no worse than the Polish government treated the Ukrainians under its control., writing that Ukrainian authorities didn't treat Polish population "gently" and that Ukrainian authorities mirrored Polish authorities by making speaking in Polish unwelcome.Christoph Mick. (2015).
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American Federation for Polish Jews (formerly known as the Federation of Russian-Polish Hebrews or Federation of Polish Jews in America.) was a non- governmental organization founded in 1908 in New York, USA, as the Federation of Russian-Polish Hebrews. Publisher of The Black Book of Polish Jewry in 1943. It was active in the Polish-Jewish-American scene until mid-20th century.
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The streets in the town were renamed to Polish, either honouring various military units (Legionów Str., Artyleryjska Str.) or named after streets in Warsaw (Ujazdowskie Avenue). During the next months, a Polish town with a Polish mayor, a Polish school, a folk high school, a Polish fire brigade and a Polish rectory were established. The latter registered 289 weddings and 101 funerals.
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Polish primary school and gymnasium in Český Těšín. The Polish national minority has a network of schools including kindergartens, primary schools, grammar schools, and secondary modern schools, with Polish as a language of instruction. A number of the teachers have been educated at Polish universities. There are currently 25 Polish primary schools and two Polish high schools in Zaolzie, attended by 2,347 students.
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Academy of Learning, Krakow Scientific Society, Association of Law Students' Library of the Jagiellonian University, Polish Copernicus Society of Naturalists, Polish Geological Society, Polish Theological Society in Kraków, Polish Section of Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers and Polish Society for Synchrotron Radiation have in Kraków their main seats.
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By 1914, Germany needed Polish volunteers for the war. Polish politicians had modest requests for their support: full recognition of Polish language, religious education in Polish language, the return of expropriated properties and the elimination of laws that discriminated against the Polish population.Erzberger, 173 They were not granted.
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The legislative portion of the government is the Council (Polish: Rada) comprising the President (Polish: Przewodniczący), the Vice-President (Polish: Wiceprzewodniczący) and thirteen councilors.
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The town is the birthplace of Polish lawyer and government minister Kazimierz Wladyslaw Kumaniecki, Polish diplomat Marian Szumlakowski, and Polish art historian Juliusz Ross.
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Naval Jack of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Navy in the 17th century. Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Navy was the navy of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
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AZS-AWF Warszawa was a Polish volleyball team based in Warszawa, founded in 1949. Fourteen times Polish Champion and three–time Polish Cup winner.
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Piotr Lipiński (born 4 January 1979) is a Polish volleyball player, a member of Polish national team in 2001-2003, four-time Polish Champion.
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This is a partial list of notable Polish or Polish-speaking or -writing people. People of partial Polish heritage have their respective ancestries credited.
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Polish sailors, on Polish and British ships, served with distinction in the Battle of the Atlantic. Polish soldiers participated in the North African Campaign.
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Grzegorz Pająk (born 1 January 1987) is a Polish volleyball player, a member of the Polish club LUK Politechnika Lublin, Polish Champion (2016, 2017).
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Sejmometr monitors the Polish parliament. Mam Prawo Wiedzieć collects and presents information about Members of Polish Parliament (and Polish Members of the European Parliament).
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Materials about Polish-American organizations feature documents from Polish National Alliance, Polish Roman Catholic Union of America, Polish Falcons of America, and information on Polish press published in the United States, not to mention the correspondence between many Polish-American writers, painters, sculptors, photographers, historians, and military officers. Quantity: ca. . Museum holdings include also old maps, as well as the library and the collection of artifacts from the Polish Institute of Arts and Sciences of America about the lives of people of Polish heritage. Polish-American Museum in Port Washington, NY at Polish Institute of Arts and Sciences of America Original photographic and lithographic displays, at the reading room, are held during special events throughout the year.
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Colonel Adam Nieniewski (19 May 1886 – 25 April 1947) was a Polish military commander, an officer of the Polish Army and a veteran of World War I, Polish–Soviet War, Polish–Lithuanian War and World War II.
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Boleslawiec Polish Stoneware. Polish Art Center. Polish Art Center: Treasury of Polish Heritage. Boleslawiec Pottery The geography lends itself to ceramic work as the area is rich in natural clay deposits; the clay is still excavated today.
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The 20 Polish Złotych note is a denomination of the Polish złoty.
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The Polish Chemical Society () is a professional scientific society of Polish chemists.
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Polish poetry has a centuries-old history, similar to the Polish literature.
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85 (in Polish) A Polish school and library was established in 1920.
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She speaks fluent Polish, after taking in two Polish lodgers in 2009.
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The Polish American Catholic Heritage Committee consists of likeminded Polish Americans, determined for the betterment of Polish Roman Catholic parishes within the United States. The committee, founded by a group of Polish Philadelphians, was formulated in order to produce public awareness of the Polish American Community (Polonia), in order to establish a national organization. The organization's main goals would be to preserve the tradition, culture and architecture, among a variety of elements, that the Polish churches contain, as well as the Polish and Polish American communities in which they serve.
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Tadeusz Władysław Sawicz (13 February 1914 – 19 October 2011) was a Polish World War II fighter pilot. He served in the Polish Air Force, and after the fall of Poland, he served in the Polish and allied units in France and United Kingdom. He was the commander of several air units, including the No. 315 Polish Fighter Squadron, 1st Polish Fighter Wing, 3rd Polish Fighter Wing, 131st (Polish) Fighter Wing and 133rd Fighter Wing. He participated in the Battle of Britain and was ranked as the 82nd highest scoring Polish fighter pilot of the war.
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The Polish American Association (PAA) (Polish: Zrzeszenie Amerykańsko Polskie) is a non-profit human services agency that serves the diverse needs of the Chicago Polish immigrant community. Originally located in Polish Downtown, the PAA was founded as the Polish Welfare Association in 1922 by a group of prominent Polish businessmen and professionals to provide Polish language social services in Chicago. Since then, PAA has helped generations of immigrant families adjust to life in the United States. Today, the agency's bilingual and bicultural services remain critical to meet the growing needs of Chicago's Polish community.
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Milwaukee's Polish population has always been overshadowed by the city's more numerous German American inhabitants. Nevertheless, the city's once numerous Polish community built a number of Polish Cathedrals, among them the magnificent Basilica of St. Josaphat and St. Stanislaus Catholic Church. Many Polish residents and businesses are still located in the Lincoln Village neighborhood. The city is also home to Polish Fest, the largest Polish festival in the United States, where Polish Americans from all over Wisconsin and nearby Chicago, come to celebrate Polish Culture, through music, food and entertainment.
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It supports Polish language courses and organizations that promote Polish Culture and Heritage, such as the Polish Singers Alliance of America and an exhibit of art at Seton Hall University. It continues to sponsor the Polish Children’s Heartline and the Polish Gift of Life, charities that provide medical care for Polish children. The Association was directly involved in the establishment of the Polish-American Congress and Pulaski Memorial Parade Committee, both of which still receive support. Major Foundations like the Kosciuszko Foundation and the Polish Cultural Foundation also receive support.
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The legislative portion of the government is the Council (Polish: Rada), composed of the President (Polish: Przewodniczący), the Vice President (Polish: Wiceprzewodniczący) and thirteen councilors.
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The legislative portion of the government is the Council (Polish: Rada) composed of the President (Polish: Przewodniczący), the Vice President (Polish: Wiceprzewodniczący) and thirteen councilors.
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The legislative portion of the government is the City Council (Polish: Rada) comprising the President (Polish: Przewodniczący), the Vice-President (Polish: Wiceprzewodniczący) and thirteen councilors.
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The legislative portion of the government is the Council (Polish: Rada) composed of the President (Polish: Przewodniczšcy), the Vice President (Polish: Wiceprzewodniczšcy) and thirteen councilors.
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The legislative portion of the government is the Council (Polish: Rada) composed of the President (Polish: Przewodniczący), the Vice President (Polish: Wiceprzewodniczący) and thirteen councilors.
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Kot morski (Polish for "Sea Cat") is a Polish coat of arms. It was used by several szlachta (noble) families under the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
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Mogiła (Polish for "Tomb") is a Polish coat of arms. It was used by a number of szlachta (noble) families under the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
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Trzy Gwiazdy (Polish for "Three Stars") is a Polish coat of arms. It was used by several szlachta (noble) families under the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
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Gwiazdy (Polish for "Stars") is a Polish coat of arms. It was used by a number of szlachta (noble) families under the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
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Hełm (Polish for "Helmet") is a Polish coat of arms. It was used by a number of szlachta (noble) families under the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
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Notable people associated with the village include Józef Kiedroń, Polish politician; Josef Kotas, Mayor of Ostrava; Franciszek Czyż, Polish politician; and Jan Bystroń, Polish linguist.
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The 122nd Fighter Escadrille of the Polish Air Force (Polish: 122. Eskadra Myśliwska) was one of the fighter units of the Polish Army in 1939.
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As a result of such policies, despite larger Ukrainian family sizes the percentage of the population who were ethnic Poles grew significantly, to over 25% by 1910. Under Austrian rule Lviv became a leading center of the Polish national revival. Lviv was home to the Polish Ossolineum, with the second largest collection of Polish books in the world, the Polish Academy of Arts, the Polish Historical Society, the Polish Theater and Polish Archdiocese.Paul Robert Magocsi. (2005).
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Polish-Americans who fought in the Blue Army. Image taken in Detroit, Michigan (1955) and featured in Life Magazine After the war, the Polish-American volunteers who served within Haller's Army were not recognized as veterans by either the American or Polish governments. This led to friction between the Polish community in the United States and the Polish government, and resulted in the subsequent refusal by Polish-Americans to again help the Polish cause militarily.Martin Conway, José Gotovitch. (2001).
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The name Kościuszko's Squadron or Kościuszko's Escadrille, is taken from the Polish hero Tadeusz Kościuszko. The name has been borne by several units of the Polish Air Force throughout its history. The unit insignia was designed by Eliott Chess, an American pilot serving with the Polish Army during the Polish-Soviet War. In order to encourage the recruitment of Americans of Polish descent, the Polish military set up a unit called the Polish-American Air Group.
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Stanisław Salmonowicz (born 1931) is a Polish historian, professor of the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, and a member of the Polish Academy of Learning and History Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences. He specializes in the history of law, Polish history from the time of the Polish Enlightenment to World War II, and history of Polish-German relations. He has been described as one of the premier Polish authorities in the field of the history of law.
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Adam Łomnicki (born 28 June 1935) is a Polish evolutionary biologist and ecologist, a member of Polish Academy of Sciences, Polish Academy of Learning and Academia Europaea, professor of Mammal Research Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences.
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The 2013 Polish Basketball Supercup was an edition of the annual super cup game in Polish basketball. This year the reigning Polish Basketball League (PLK) champions Stelmet Zielona Góra faced off against Polish Basketball Cup winners Trefl Sopot.
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2007 Polish U-21 champion Paweł Hlib The Individual Speedway Junior Polish Championship () is an annual speedway event held each year organized by the Polish Motor Union (PZM) since 1967. Polish riders aged 21 and under take part.
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The Polish Socialist Party of the Prussian Partition, sometimes Polish Socialist Party in Prussia ( - ) - was a Polish political party. The party was founded in 1893 in Berlin by émigré members of the Polish Socialist Party. Until 1913, the party had formal links with the Social Democratic Party of Germany. Following the restoration of Polish statehood in 1919, the party merged with Polish Socialist Party.
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373-374 (in Polish) During the interwar period, Polish-speaking residents of the region organized Samopomoc Mazurska ("Masurian Self-Help"), an organisation for the protection of Poles in southern East Prussia. A Polish activist Jerzy Lanc was killed during his attempt to establish a Polish school. Ortelsburg was the location of the Polish House, in which meetings of Polish journalists and activists were held.
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The Polish Community in Metro Chicago: A Community Profile of Strengths and Needs, A Census 2000 Report, published by the Polish American Association June 2004, p. 18 The Poles in Chicago are felt in the large number of Polish-American organizations the city such as the Polish Museum of America, the Polish American Association, the Polish National Alliance and the Polish Highlander's Alliance of North America. Pittsburgh, Cleveland, Detroit, Grand Rapids, Minneapolis, Buffalo, Brooklyn, Milwaukee, Baltimore and New Britain also have very large Polish populations. Older Polish Americans are rapidly migrating to the Southeast (Florida), the Southwest (Arizona) and the West Coast (California) but also to Poland itself since the 1990s.
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Stefan Czarnowski (1879 - 1937) was a Polish sociologist, professor of the University of Warsaw. Member of the Polish pro-independence movements, he fought in the Polish Legions and the Polish-Soviet War. At first supporter of endecja, he gravitated towards supporting Polish Socialist Party. His works centered on sociology of culture and religion.
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Committee of Radio and Television "Polish Radio and Television" () (also called as a Radiocomittee - Radiokomitet) was an institution, which managed all stations of Polish Television and Polish Radio in People's Republic of Poland (PRL) and in Republic of Poland. It was replaced by two separate entities in 1993 - Polish Radio and Polish Television.
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The Junior U-21 championships include: Individual Speedway Junior Polish Championship (MIMP), Polish Pairs Speedway Junior Championship (MMPPK), and Team Speedway Junior Polish Championship (MDMP). Motorcycle Speedway at the Polish Motor Union official website Golden, Silver and Bronze Helmets Regulations (PDF file, direct download) at PZM.pl Polish speedway news on Speedwayworld.tv 2007.
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Polish Navy Shipyard () is a Polish shipyard company located in Gdynia. It primary responsibility is the construction and repair of the Polish Navy ships. The shipyard founded in 1922, it is faced a bankruptcy and liquidation before it was bought out. In 2017, Polish Navy Shipyard took over by Polish Armaments Group.
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German: "Polish raftsman (flisak)", French: "Polish bondsman", a drawing by Daniel Chodowiecki Wasserpolak (literally "Water Pole" (Polish person)) was the name used for people living in Silesia who spoke Silesian (a Polish dialect with many German and Czech elements.
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Juliusz Ulrych was a soldier of the Polish Legions in World War I, member of the Polish Military Organisation, Colonel of the Polish Army and the Minister of Communication in the government of the Second Polish Republic (1935 - 1939).
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The Polish Cavalry Monument, also known as the Millennium Polish Cavalry Monument, is a statue located at the Polish Cavalry Roundabout (Rondo Jazdy Polskiej) in Warsaw.
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The Polish Academy Life Achievement Award is an honorary Polish Film Award bestowed by the Polish Film Academy for outstanding contributions to the cinema of Poland.
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The legislative portion of the government is the City Council (Polish: Rada), composed of the President (Polish: Przewodniczący), the Vice-President (Polish: Wiceprzewodniczący) and thirteen councilors.
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The legislative portion of the government is the City Council (Polish: Rada) composed of the President (Polish: Przewodniczący), the Vice-President (Polish: Wiceprzewodniczący) and thirteen councilors.
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Old Polish language () is the period in the history of the Polish language between the 9th and the 16th centuries, followed by the Middle Polish language.
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KS Jastrzębski Węgiel SA – is a Polish professional men's volleyball team based in Jastrzębie-Zdrój, founded in 1961. One time Polish Championship and Polish Cup winner.
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After World War I ended, he participated in the Polish-Ukrainian War and the Polish-Soviet War, commanding the Polish 3rd Army. He retired in 1922.
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With ownership of a Polish passport, Fialho was called up to the Polish national under-20 team but was released because he does not speak Polish.
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Henryk Arctowski Polish Antarctic Station (Polish: Polska Stacja Antarktyczna im. Henryka Arctowskiego) is a Polish research station on King George Island, off the coast of Antarctica.
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Warzycha played for Polish team Ruch Chorzów, won the Polish Championship in 1989 and was the top scorer in the Polish premier league the same year.
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KS Cracovia (Polish pronunciation: [kraˈkɔvʲa]) is a Polish sports club based in Kraków.During the 2015-16 campaign they will compete in the following competitions:Ekstraklasa, Polish Cup.
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Polish Easter breakfast. This is a list of dishes found in Polish cuisine.
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Monika Ciaciuch-Chabel (Polish pronunciation: ; born 10 May 1992) is a Polish rower.
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The Polish Academy Award for Discovery of the Year has been awarded annually since 2008 by the Polish Film Academy. Award is given to the debutantes of Polish cinema, who are candidates to the Polish Academy Award for first time.
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Apart from the Polish Legions, a significant force was the Polish Army in the East, including the Polish Corps organized in Russia since 1917. They constituted a significant part of the staff of the Polish Army revived in November 1918.
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It was reorganized in February 1944. Its composition would not be stable, as Polish Squadrons were frequently exchanged between three Polish wings (the No. 131 Wing RAF (1st Polish) wing, the No. 133 Wing RAF (2nd Polish) wing, and the 3rd Polish Fighter Wing). At various times, this wing included other Polish squadrons, such as the No. 303 Squadron RAF and No. 316 Polish Fighter Squadron. The number of wings was also not constant, as it varied from at one to two.
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252-255 Lithuanian–Polish relations continued to deteriorate, as Polish and Lithuanian forces skirmished in the background of the Polish-Soviet War (and Lithuanian- Soviet War). Polish Military Organization staged Sejny Uprising was met with massive outrage in Lithuania. Furthermore, the image of Poles deteriorated because of the uncovered plot to overthrow sovereign Lithuanian government by the Polish Military Organization, supported by the local Polish minority. The relations worsened further still as the Polish-Lithuanian War erupted, and Józef Piłsudski ordered Żeligowski's Mutiny.
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The war is known by several names. "Polish–Soviet War" is the most common but other names include "Russo–Polish War [or Polish–Russian War] of 1919–1921"See for instance Russo-Polish War in Encyclopædia Britannica "The conflict began when the Polish head of state Józef Piłsudski formed an alliance with the Ukrainian nationalist leader Symon Petlyura (21 April 1920) and their combined forces began to overrun Ukraine, occupying Kiev on 7 May." (to distinguish it from earlier Polish–Russian wars) and "Polish–Bolshevik War". This second term (or just "Bolshevik War" ()) is most common in Polish sources. In some Polish sources it is also referred as the "War of 1920" (Polish: Wojna 1920 roku).For example: 1) Sąsiedzi wobec wojny 1920 roku.
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Wojciech Jaruzelski and the Polish Communist Party; however, the vacillating, conciliatory Polish approach blunted KGB effectiveness—and Solidarity then fatally weakened the Communist Polish government in 1989.
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Lewart Lubartów is a Polish professional football team based in Lubartów. They currently play in the Polish Fourth League, the fifth tier of the Polish football league.
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It is well known in Poland for reaching the 2011–12 Polish Cup quarterfinals after beating clubs from the Polish Premier League () and the Polish First League ().
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Cermak received 76.80% of the Polish-American vote, while Thompson received 23.20%.Kantowicz, Edward. “The Emergence of the Polish- Democratic Vote in Chicago.” Polish American Studies, vol.
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One of two Polish writers of the same name, he was the first to use the Polish language, hence his designation as the father of Polish prose.
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JKS 1909 Jarosław is a Polish football club based in Jarosław. They currently play in the Polish Fourth League, the fifth tier of the Polish football league.
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Hipocentaur (Polish for "Hippocentaur") is a Lithuanian and Polish coat of arms. It was used by a number of szlachta (noble) families under the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
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The Polish Greyhound (, pronounced ) is a Polish sighthound breed. It is known as the Polish Greyhound, although it is not a direct relative of the Greyhound dog.
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He has received awards from the Polish Composers' Union (1989), the Polish Government (Order of Merit for Polish Culture, 1996) and the Lutosławski Society in Warsaw (2005).
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Polish Cultural Center in Daugavpils Józef Piłsudski Daugavpils Polish state gymnasium The largest Polish organization in Latvia is Association of Poles in Latvia (Związek Polaków na Łotwie).
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Polish Association of Freethinkers (PAF) () is a secular movement established in 1907 in Warsaw. Polish Association of Freethinkers was the first such organization in the Polish lands.
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Lech Poznań wins Polish SuperCup in 2015. The Polish SuperCup in football (official Polish title: Superpuchar Polski []) is an annually held match between the champions of the Ekstraklasa and the Polish Cup winners or, if the Ekstraklasa champions also win the Polish Cup, the Cup's runners-up. As of 2020, the Polish SuperCup has been played 30 times. The most successful club is Lech Poznań, who won 6 times.
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Over a quarter of Misiones population has Polish roots (250,000 persons), the highest concentration of Polish Argentines in the country. About 140,000 Poles live in Buenos Aires; other Argentine cities with large Polish populations include Córdoba, Rosario and Santa Fe. A major organization of Polish minority is the Polish Association in Argentina (Związek Polaków w Argentynie). In 1995 the Argentine National Congress made June 8 Polish Settlers' Day.
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Lubawka became once again a Polish border town located on the Polish-Czech border.
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The club has also won four Polish Cup titles and three Polish Supercup titles.
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Facing encirclement, Polish leaders decided to negotiate. Furthermore, panic broke out in Polish camp.
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A list of notable Polish politicians and members of the defunct Polish Workers' Party ().
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Tomasz "The Polish Hammer" Bonin (born November 9, 1973) is a Polish heavyweight boxer.
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Polish Records--Women's 50 published by the Polish Swimming Federation. Retrieved 2010-03-10.
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He moved to Chicago where he was active in several Polish-American organizations, including the Polish National Alliance, the Polish Falcons of America, the Polish National Council, and the National Defense Committee. During World War I, he was secretary of the Polish Central Relief Committee and spearheaded an effort to compile demographic statistics on Polish Americans. His census statistics depended heavily on Polish parish documents, which he gained from 1915 to 1918. He was a prolific journalist, contributing articles to many Polish language newspapers: Reformer, Kuryer Polski, Dziennik Milwaucki, Wiadomosci Codzienne, and served as editor of the Tygodnik Milwauki and Sztandar.
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The Found in Translation Award is an annual award for the best translation of Polish literature into English. The award is given to the translator(s) who also receive a cash prize of PLN 16,000. The Award was established by the Polish Book Institute, the Polish Cultural Institute in London, the Polish Cultural Institute in New York and the W.A.B. Publishing House in Warsaw. Since 2015, the FiT Award was awarded by the Polish Book Institute, the Polish Cultural Institute in London and the Polish Cultural Institute in New York (in 2016 they were joined by the Polish Institute in New Delhi).
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Diane and Elaine Klimaszewski (born September 13, 1971) are Polish American"Famous Polish Americans". Polish Youngstown. Retrieved 5 October 2013. models better known as the Coors Light Twins.
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It gives the polish a more finished and desired look and may help to keep the polish on longer. Manganese violet is a typical pigment in nail polish.
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Other forces included approximately 550 members of the gendarmerie and around 4,000 (Polish claim) to 6,500 (Czech claim) local Polish volunteers. Polish forces were reinforced during the war.
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Bolesław Prus "Fading Voices" (Polish: "Milknące głosy") is an 1883 short story by the Polish writer Bolesław Prus, the leading representative of Realism in 19th-century Polish literature.
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The Polish Mathematical Society () is the main professional society of Polish mathematicians and represents Polish mathematics within the European Mathematical Society (EMS) and the International Mathematical Union (IMU).
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Zofia Praussowa (3 September 1878 – 27 January 1945) was a Polish politician, activist of the Polish Socialist Party, member of Polish Sejm (1922–1930), labor inspector and feminist.
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Interest in Polish matters in Mongolia is smaller and dates mainly to the 20th century. There are also literary works (mainly adventure novels) about Mongolia in the Polish literature and a few translations of Polish literature into Mongolian, or Mongolian literature into Polish.
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Signed Polish () or System Językowo-Migowy (SJM), is a manually coded form of Polish that uses the signs of Polish Sign Language ("Polski Język Migowy", PJM). It is commonly used for simultaneous "translation" of Polish into sign.Brentari, ed. (2010) Sign Languages, CUP, p.
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However, many were Polish Jews. Polish Jews helped found the B'nai Israel Synagogue in 1873. The first Polish language newspaper in Baltimore, titled Polonia, began publication in 1891. By 1893, the Polish population was starting to become the backbone of Baltimore's laboring class.
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On 1 July 1940, No. 300 Polish Bomber Squadron was created. It was the first of such Polish air units. Three weeks later a second Polish bomber unit, No. 301 (Polish) Squadron was formed on 22 July at RAF Bramcote.Hodyra (2016), p.
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In 1925, the United Polish Societies purchased the building and named it Polish Home Hall and it became central to the Polish ethnic experience in Curtis Bay, functioning as a social, educational, and political center for Curtis Bay's Polish community into the 1970s.
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Most famous native of Konská is Jan Kubisz, a Polish educator and poet. Other famous natives include Józef Buzek, a Polish economist and politician, Jan Buzek, a Polish physician and politician, Paweł Kubisz, a Polish poet and journalist and Adam Wawrosz, a Polish writer. Prime Minister of Poland Jerzy Buzek spent his childhood also in this village.
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Stanisław Jerzy Komorowski (18 December 1953 – 10 April 2010) was a Polish diplomat and physicist. Komorowski was long-term Polish Ambassador to Great Britain and the Netherlands, the Deputy Minister of National Defence and Deputy Foreign Affairs Minister. He was one of the new wave of Polish diplomats who reestablished Polish diplomatic services after the Polish Round Table Agreement.
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Polish American machinist in Chicago, Illinois. 1942 Polish Americans were active in strikes and trade union organizations during the early 20th century. Many Polish Americans worked in industrial cities and in organized trades, and contributed to historical labor struggles in large numbers. Many Polish Americans contributed to strikes and labor uprisings, and political leaders emerged from the Polish community.
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He was also a member of the Polish Academy of Sciences and the Polish PEN International Club. Ziejka is the author of multiple plays broadcast on Polish television, such as A Legend is Born, Polish October, and Traugutt. He served on the scientific council of the Polish Library in Paris and he chaired the Panteon Narodowy w Krakowie.
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The Team Speedway Polish Championship (Polish: Drużynowe Mistrzostwa Polski, DMP) is an annual speedway event held each year in different Polish clubs organized by the Polish Motor Union (PZM) since 1948. The team winning the league is awarded a gold medal and declared Polish Team Champions. Teams finishing second and third are awarded silver and bronze medals respectively.
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Władysław Raczkiewicz (; 28 January 1885 – 6 June 1947) was a Polish politician, lawyer, diplomat and the first president of the Polish government- in-exile from 1939 until his death in 1947. Until 1945, he was the internationally recognized Polish head of state, and the Polish Government in Exile was recognized as the continuum to the Polish government of 1939.
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The Museum of Polish History or Polish History Museum (Polish: Muzeum Historii Polski) is a museum and national cultural institute↑ Ministerstwo Kultury i Dziedzictwa Narodowego: Instytucje kultury w Polsce – Muzea [dostęp: 2009.05.03] in Warsaw, Poland. The purpose of the museum is to present the most important events in Polish history, with a particular emphasis on Polish traditions of freedom.
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The Team Speedway Polish Championship (Polish: Drużynowe Mistrzostwa Polski, DMP) is an annual speedway event held each year in different Polish clubs organized by the Polish Motor Union (PZM) since 1978. The team winning the league is awarded a gold medal and declared Polish Team Champions. Teams finishing second and third are awarded silver and bronze medals respectively.
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The Second Department of Polish General Staff (Polish: Oddział II Sztabu Generalnego Wojska Polskiego, also called Dwojka) was a department of the Polish General Staff in the Second Polish Republic. It was responsible for military intelligence, counterintelligence, cryptography, analysis of foreign military forces and foreign affairs of the Polish Army. It existed from 1918 until 1939.
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As part of its mission to promote Polish cultural awareness, the festival stages numerous demonstrations and exhibits to educate visitors about Polish traditions and history. The cultural focus centers around a replica of a Polish village where a traditional Polish wedding ceremony (Polskie wesele) Knab, Sophie Hodorowicz. Polish Customs, Traditions, & Folklore. Present. Hippocrene Books Inc. (2005), p. 179-216.
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The Polish Pavilion was composed of a boxy tower. The Second Polish Republic prepared some 200 tons of artifacts, including a royal carpet of King Kazimierz Jagiellończyk, seven paintings presenting important events of Polish history, 150 contemporary Polish paintings, a gunmetal monument of Józef Piłsudski, armor of a Polish hussar from Kórnik Castle, ancient Polish weaponry (14th–18th centuries), a bell manufactured for the purpose of the Fair, folk costumes, house furniture from different regions of Poland, and over 200 examples of Polish inventions.
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The Sikorski Institute and Museum is a Polish cultural information centre and the embassy's section for the promotion of Polish tourism, culture and history. To this end the institute also includes, at its South Kensington site, a museum of Polish history. The museum is largely dedicated to Polish military history and includes a large number of exhibits relating to the time spent by the Polish authorities as the 'Polish Government in Exile' in London. Other Polish embassy sections in London include the Consular, Economic & Cultural Sections.
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Major Wacław Lipiński in November 1938 at a lecture given at the Polish Academy of Sciences entitled "Józef Piłsudski as a writer". Wacław Lipiński (1896–1949) was a Polish historian, military officer and resistance fighter, lieutenant colonel in the Polish Army of the Second Polish Republic, recipient of Polish highest military decoration, the Order of Virtuti Militari. Lipiński fought in World War I, the Polish-Ukrainian War and the Polish-Soviet War and became involved with the intelligence service. After the war he worked as an historian.
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Among the most notable Polish American media groups are: the Hippocrene Books (founded by Polish American George Blagowidow); TVP Polonia; Polsat 2 International; TVN International; Polvision; TV4U New York; WPNA Radio Chicago; Polish Radio External Service (formerly Radio Polonia); Polonia Today and the Warsaw Voice. There are also Polish American newspapers and magazines, such as the Dziennik Związkowy, PL magazine, Polish Weekly Chicago, the Super Express USA and Nowy Dziennik in New York and Tygodnik Polski and The Polish Times in Detroit, not to mention the Ohio University Press Series in Polish American Studies, Przeglad Polski Online, Polish American Journal, the Polish News Online,Am-Pol Eagle Newspaper, and Progress for Poland, among others.
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The "Ark Building" (#9) contains the Polish Home Army Museum. The Ark Building also houses many other museums of Polish military history and Polish history in different rooms including: Reading Room of the Central- Archives of Polonia; Museum of Fr. Józef Dąbrowski; Museum of the Polish Army Second Corps; Archive and Museum of Polonia Radio and TV, Robert Lewandowski Collection; Commemorative Room of Polish Diaspora; Archive, Library, and Museum of the First Polish Armored Division; Archive, Library, and Museum of the Polish Home Army AK; Archive, Library, and Museum of the Polish Air Force; Museum of the Singers Alliance of America – Circuit 4; Museum of the Polish National Alliance, Aloysius A. Mazewski Collection; Dr. Loda and Edward C. Rózanski Collection; Museum of the Polish Falcons – Nest 31; and the Museum of the Polish Association of Former Political Prisoners. The Galeria (Building #8) features art by Polish artists, including painting, sculpture, china, and antique furniture. The Galeria and museums area open for tours on Polish Sundays, the first Sunday of the month.
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Legislative Sejm () of the Second Polish Republic was the first national parliament (Sejm) of the newly independent Second Polish Republic. It was elected in the 1919 Polish legislative election.
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In 1983–85 Bohdan Pociej joined the Musicologists' Section in the Polish Composers' Union. He was also a member of the Polish Writers' Association and the Polish Philosophical Association.
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The catalog contains black and white illustrations of polish stamps, cancellations, and overprints. Value of individual stamps is listed in Polish currency. The entire catalog is written in Polish.
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Krzysztof Komosa (born October 12, 1983 in Warsaw) is a Polish figure skater. He is the 2002-2004 Polish national silver medalist and the 2005 Polish national bronze medalist.
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Szymon Romać (born 1 October 1992) is a Polish volleyball player, a member of Poland men's national volleyball team B and Polish club PGE Skra Bełchatów, Polish Champion (2018).
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The Vagabonds (Polish: Włóczęgi) is a 1939 Polish comedy film directed by Michał Waszyński and starring Kazimierz Wajda, Henryk Vogelfänger (popular Polish Radio duet Szczepko & Tońko) and Stanisława Wysocka.
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Polish garden.jpg File:922. St. Petersburg. Polish garden.jpg File:926. Музей-усадьба Г.Державина. Польский сад.
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Nie (stylised as NIE; Polish for "No") is a Polish weekly magazine published in Warsaw.
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Polish–Lithuanian losses were insignificant, since the Polish noble levy promptly retreated from the battlefield.
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Abraham Nahum Stencl (Polish: Avrom Nokhem Sztencl, ) (1897-1983) was a Polish-born Yiddish poet.
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Red Dragons Pniewy - Polish futsal club from Pniewy. Team plays in 1st Polish Futsal League.
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Hydrozagadka premiered on 30 April 1971 on Polish television.Hydrozagadka FilmPolski.pl (Polish). Retrieved November 26, 2009.
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Polish houses were burned down and hiding Polish civilians were murdered, and their property stolen.
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A list of notable Polish politicians of the right-wing League of Polish Families party ().
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Trucizna (Polish for poison) is an album released by Polish punk rock band The Analogs.
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The committee conducted the Polish investigation of the 2010 Polish Air Force Tu-154 crash.
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Enrollment before the transfer was about 130 and specialized in Polish and Polish-American studies.
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In 2010, polish magazine "Machina" placed her on the list of "50 best Polish singers".
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Ever since it had been sent to Britain in mid-1939 in Operation Peking, the Polish Navy remained in British waters. In November 1939, after the Invasion of Poland, the Polish-British Naval Agreement allowed Polish sailors to wear their Polish uniforms and to have Polish commanding officers on board even though the ships were of British make. The agreement would later be revised on August 5, 1940 to encompass all Polish units.
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Krakus Polish Deli in Fell's Point, June 2014. The Polish community has declined in numbers over the years, but there is still a strong Polish presence. The Polish National Alliance is located in Baltimore and maintains an archive of several thousand documents in the Polish language. There are a number of Polish delis and restaurants still in operation, such as Krakus Deli, Polock Johnny's, Ostrowski of Bank Street, and Ze Mean Bean Café.
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After the Oath crisis in 1917, he headed the Polish Auxiliary Corps and was the training inspector of the Polnische Wehrmacht. After Poland regained its independence in 1918, he joined the Polish Army. Promoted to general in June of that year, Berbecki fought in the Polish-Ukrainian War and Polish-Soviet War, commanding the 3rd Polish Legions Division. During the interwar period, he held various functions in the Polish Army and retired in March 1939.
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During the first world war over 40,000 Polish refugees fleeing the central powers settled in Kiev. After the Revolution, the mainstream Polish political organization, the Polish Democratic Center Party, supported the Ukrainian national movement's post-revolutionary government, the Ukrainian Central Rada. One of the Polish Democratic Center Party leaders, Mieczysław Mickiewicz, was appointed the head of the Ukrainian government's Ministry of Polish Affairs. In November 1917 a Polish University College was established in Kiev.
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The Polish Museum of America in Chicago. Among the best known Polish American museums are the Polish Museum of America in Chicago's old Polish Downtown; founded in 1935, the largest ethnic museum in the U.S. sponsored by the Polish Roman Catholic Union of America. The Museum Library ranks as one of the best, outside of Poland. Equally ambitious is the Polish American Museum located in Port Washington, New York, founded in 1977.
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Flag of Polish Merchant Navy The Polish Merchant Navy (, PMH) was created in the interwar period when the Second Polish Republic regained independence. During World War II, many ships of the Polish Navy joined the Allied merchant navy and its convoys, as part of the Polish contribution to World War II. After the war, the Polish Merchant Navy was controlled by the People's Republic of Poland and after 1989, by modern Poland.
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113-117 The Königsberg church of St. Nicholas had Polish- language services until 1901. Changes came with the disintegration of the Soviet Union, due mainly to pastoral activities that began the rehabilitation of Poles in Russia. The first steps were made by a Polish priest from Grodno (Hrodna), Jerzy Steckiewicz. The "Polish Cultural Community in Kaliningrad" operates as the main Polish organization among Kaliningrad's Polish minority, one of six such Polish organisations within Kaliningrad Oblast.
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Teaming up again with Hołub and Święty and joined by Ewelina Ptak, the Polish quartet held off a challenge from Romania to take the silver medals behind the host nation, the United States. Her accomplishments in mountaineering include ascents of Mont Blanc, Aconcagua, Kilimanjaro, Mount Everest (as the youngest Polish female)The youngest Polish woman on Everest (Polish) and Makalu (first Polish female without supplemental oxygen)Magda Gorzkowska on Makalu without supplemental oxygen (Polish).
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Kazimierz Pużak (1883-1950) was a Polish politician of the interwar period. Active in the Polish Socialist Party, he was one of the leaders of the Polish Secret State and Polish resistance, sentenced by the Soviets in the infamous Trial of the Sixteen in 1945.
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The Vatican did however, at the request of desperate Polish clergy appoint temporary German administrators in two Polish dioceses, after the occupation authorities killed the local bishops, blocked the nomination of any Polish national for the vacancies and refused to negotiate with any Polish bishop.
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Legia Warszawa is a Polish volleyball team based in Warszawa, founded in 1929. Eight–time Polish Champion and five–time Polish Cup winner. One of the most successful volleyball clubs in Poland. Since 2004 the club has been playing in the 2nd Polish Volleyball League.
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Twarde Pierniki Toruń, for sponsorship reasons named Polski Cukier Toruń, is a Polish professional basketball team based in Toruń. The team currently plays in the Polish Basketball League (PLK) and Basketball Champions League. The club has won Polish Cup and Polish Supercup titles in 2018.
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Olbrycht Karmanowski (born circa 1580, died after 1632) was a Polish nobleman, member of Polish Brethren Church, courtier, poet and translator.Olbrycht Karmanowski's Biography in Polish Encyclopaedia by PWN Publishers He is regarded as one of the minor poets of Polish late Renaissance and Baroque.
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During this time there were two parties using the term "Polish People's Party": Polish People's Party "Piast" and Polish People's Party "Wyzwolenie" (which were merged into People's Party with Stronnictwo Chłopskie). During World War II, PSL took part in forming the Polish government in exile.
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142 (In Polish) was a Polish military commander and a member of the administration of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. A general of artilleryMoraczewski, J. (1866). Dzieje Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej. Volume 8.
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The aim of this action was elimination of Polish society elite: Polish nobles, intelligentsia, teachers, Polish entrepreneurs, social workers, military veterans, members of national organisations, priests, judges and political activists.
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Walter John König (Polish: Walter Jan König; 25 June 1903 – 26 February 1966) was a Polish inventor, industrialist and soldier who fought for Polish freedom during the Second World War.
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Krzysztof Jasiewicz (born 1952) is a Polish historian specializing in the Polish-Soviet Union relations. He is a professor at the Political Studies Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences.
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Mazurkiewicz's father was Polish and his mother Spanish. Though of Polish ancestry, he did not know Polish and never visited Poland.Zmarł słynny bramkarz Ladislao Mazurkiewicz at Rzeczpospolita, 2 January 2013.
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Franciszek Zawadzki (Polish pronunciation: ['frantɕiʂɛk'zavadzki]; (6 October in 1887 in Żelechowo – 7 November 1975 in Warsaw) was a Polish bicycle manufacturer, road racing cyclist and the first Polish national champion.
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Anna Elżbieta Rechnio (Polish pronunciation: ; born 11 December 1977) is a Polish former competitive figure skater. She is a three-time Polish national champion who competed at two Winter Olympics.
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Polish-Russian War (Wojna polsko-ruska) is a 2009 Polish film directed by Xawery Żuławski based on the novel Polish-Russian War under the white-red flag by Dorota Masłowska.
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But in the Soviet Union, Stalin and Wanda Wasilewska created the Union of Polish Patriots as a communist organization under Soviet control. As Germany was being defeated, the Polish communists cooperated with the Soviet Union, in opposition to the Polish government-in-exile, to establish a Soviet- dependent Polish state. This led to the creation of the Polish People's Republic. The PPR merged with the Polish Socialist Party (Polska Partia Socjalistyczna, PPS), to form the Polish United Workers' Party (Polska Zjednoczona Partia Robotnicza, PZPR), which ruled Poland until 1989.
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In the 1960s, Polish migrants began arriving to Iceland to work in the shipyards throughout the country. In need of labor, Iceland began recruiting Polish workers in the 1980s to the island nation. In the mid 2000s, the Polish community was well over 20,000 members.Time: Iceland's Face of Immigration is Distinctly Polish After the 2008–2011 Icelandic financial crisis, the Polish community decreased by half, however, Polish nationals today account for 3% of the total population on the island and Polish residents constitute the largest foreign community in Iceland.
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Detroit, Michigan. The U.S. Census asked Polish immigrants to specify Polish as their native language beginning in Chicago in 1900, allowing the government to enumerate them as an individual nationality when there was no Polish nation- state. No distinction is made in the American census between ethnically Polish Americans and descendants of non-ethnic Poles, such as Jews or Ukrainians, who were born in the territory of Poland and considered themselves Polish nationals. Therefore, some say, of the 10 million Polish Americans, only a certain portion are of Polish ethnic descent.
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Polish and Polish themed items booth at the Lagrange Street Polish Festival in 300px Ohio is home to more than 440,000 people of Polish descent, their presence felt most strongly in the Greater Cleveland area, where half of Ohio's Polish population resides. The city of Cleveland, Ohio has a large Polish community, especially in historic Slavic Village, as part of its Warszawa Section. Poles from this part of Cleveland migrated to the suburbs, such as Garfield Heights, Parma and Seven Hills. Parma has even recently been designated a Polish Village commercial district.
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The 2020 Polish SuperCup was the 30th Polish SuperCup, an annual Polish football match played between the reigning winners of the Ekstraklasa and Polish Cup. This season Ekstraklasa champion Legia Warsaw met Polish Cup champion Cracovia. The match originally scheduled on 9 August 2020 was finally held on 9 October 2020 at Polish Army Stadium in Warsaw – the home of the Ekstraklasa champions Legia. On 8 August 2020, the Polish Football Association announced that the match was canceled due to suspicion of COVID-19 in one member of the medical staff of Legia Warsaw.
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Although Polish spaces are metrizable, they are not in and of themselves metric spaces; each Polish space admits many complete metrics giving rise to the same topology, but no one of these is singled out or distinguished. A Polish space with a distinguished complete metric is called a Polish metric space. An alternative approach, equivalent to the one given here, is first to define "Polish metric space" to mean "complete separable metric space", and then to define a "Polish space" as the topological space obtained from a Polish metric space by forgetting the metric.
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The movie has also been discussed in literature on Polish film studies as one of the most successful examples of the Polish "demythologization of the West", dispelling the myths about the American Dream for Polish immigrants. It also criticizes the Polish myth of Poles as successful immigrants. The movie is critical of both Poland and the United States. Polish scholar Dariusz Baran described the movie as one of the most "important political and social Polish cinematic analys[es]" of the 1990s, with the movie itself providing a truthful descriptions of the problems of Polish immigration.
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The building of the Polish Elementary School and Juliusz Słowacki Polish Grammar School in Czeski Cieszyn Juliusz Słowacki Polish Grammar School () is a Polish grammar school (gymnasium) in the town of Czeski Cieszyn (Český Těšín), in the Zaolzie region of the Czech Republic. It is the only Polish secondary school in the country, serving the educational purposes of the Polish minority in the Czech Republic. The school was founded in 1909 in the town of Orłowa (Orlová) as the second (and up to 1938 the only) Polish secondary school on the territory of Zaolzie.
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Polish Squash Federation ("Polska Federacja Squasha" in Polish) is the National Organisation for Squash in Poland.
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Polish troops took part in many military operations. During the mission 44 Polish soldiers were killed.
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Undersecretary of State at the Polish Ministry of National Education and Polish Foreign Ministry (2007-2011)..
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Paweł Genda (born 6 February 1994) is a Polish handball player for the Polish national team.
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Serce matki (Polish for Mother's Heart) is a 1938 Polish melodrama film directed by Michał Waszyński.
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Black Pearl (Polish: Czarna perła) is a 1934 Polish romantic crime drama directed by Michał Waszyński.
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This article covers the history of Polish Intelligence services dating back to the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
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Polish Chileans include immigrants to Chile from Poland and their descendants who recognize their Polish ancestry.
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Myśl.pl (Polish for "Idea.pl") is a Polish right-wing journal founded by Ireneusz Fryszkowski in 2006.
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Kordian has been required reading in Polish schools. In 1994 it aired on Polish TV Theatre.
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Dorota Masłowska (Polish pronunciation:; born 3 July 1983) is a Polish writer, playwright, columnist and journalist.
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Controlled Conversations (Polish: Rozmowy kontrolowane) is a Polish film released in 1991, directed by Sylwester Chęciński.
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In 1842 the Polish powiats were renamed to okręgs and the Polish obwóds were renamed powiats.
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Polish Intangible Cultural Heritage List, Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa (Polish national heritage institute), pp. 14-15, 2014.
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Małgorzata Maria Wypych is a Polish politician. She serves as a member of the Polish Parliament.
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This is a partial list of notable Polish or Polish-speaking or -writing actors and actresses.
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The score was recorded with the Polish Symphony Orchestra, and nominated for a Polish Academy Award.
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Denhof - is a Polish coat of arms. It was used by several szlachta families in the times of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Dönhoff (German) or Denhoff (Polish) (sometimes also Denhof or Doenhoff) was a Livonian German noble family, a branch of which moved to the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in the 16th century and became recognized as a Polish noble (szlachta) there.
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The city has a Polish American church, Our Lady of Czestochowa Roman Catholic Parish in Spring Branch, established in the 1980s. At the time Polish immigrants who resisted Communist rule in that country arrived in Houston. There is a Polish festival, Houston Polish Festival, held twice each year. In 2019 organizer Damian Reichert stated that it was the state's only major Polish festival.
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The name is of Polish origin, and in more modern records from the 19th century, the Polish name appears as Hajnów,Józef Lompa, Krótki rys jeografii Śląska dla nauki początkowej, Głogówek 1847, p. 14 (in Polish)Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom III, Warsaw, 1882, p. 10 (in Polish) while Haynau is the Germanized version of the original Polish name.Haynau .
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Juliusz Słowacki (; ; 4 September 1809 – 3 April 1849) was a Polish Romantic poet. He is considered one of the "Three Bards" of Polish literature — a major figure in the Polish Romantic period, and the father of modern Polish drama. His works often feature elements of Slavic pagan traditions, Polish history, mysticism and orientalism. His style includes the employment of neologisms and irony.
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The Golden Age of Polish Philosophy: Kazimierz Twardowski's Philosophical Legacy. Springer. 2009. pp. 2-3. which guaranteed freedom of conscience. The Polish culture left also culinary marks in the USA - the inclusion of traditional Polish cuisine such as pierogi, kielbasa, golabki. Some of these Polish foods were tweaked and reinvented in the new American environment such as Chicago's Maxwell Street Polish Sausage.
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The former "Solidarity" leader and Polish President Lech Wałęsa criticised the Lithuanian Government over discrimination against the Polish minority, which included the enforced Lithuanization of Polish surnames and the removal of bilingual Polish language street signs in municipalities predominantly inhabited by the Polish-speaking population. In 2011, Wałęsa rejected Lithuania's Order of Vytautas the Great."Walesa declines Lithuanian honour ". Radio Poland.
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His status in Polish history is acknowledged by a mention of his name in the Polish national anthem. Czarniecki made significant contributions fighting the Khmelnytsky Uprising, during the Russo-Polish War, and the Polish–Swedish war (The Deluge). His use of guerrilla warfare against Swedes is credited as one of the main reasons for the eventual Polish victory in this war.
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Głuchowski in 1938. Janusz Julian Głuchowski (nom de guerre Janusz) was a divisional general of the Polish Army in the Second Polish Republic. Born on August 6, 1888 in Bukowa (Congress Poland), he fought in Polish Legions in World War I, Polish–Ukrainian War, Polish–Soviet War and the Invasion of Poland. Głuchowski died on June 11, 1964 in London.
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Maja Tokarska (born 22 February 1991) is a female Polish volleyball player, a member of Poland women's national volleyball team and Polish club PGE Atom Trefl Sopot, bronze medalist of European League and silver medalist of European Games, Polish Champion (2012), Winner of Polish Cup (2013,2015), Winner of Polish Supercup (2013), Japanese League Championship runner-up (2017) and Japanese League Cup Winner (2017).
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Górnik Zabrze () is a Polish football club from Zabrze. Górnik is one of the most successful Polish football clubs in history, winning the most Polish Championship titles together with Legia Warsaw and Ruch Chorzów. The club was a dominant force in the 1960s and 1980s. Górnik holds the record for winning the most consecutive Polish Championship titles (5) and Polish Cup titles (5).
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Member of the Polish National Committee in Paris as one of the Piłsudski's representatives and Polish delegation at the Treaty of Versailles. Polish Minister of Foreign Affairs (16 December 1919 - 9 June 1920). From 1921 to 1926, Polish envoy to Tokyo, Japan. From 1926 to 1932 envoy to Moscow, Soviet Union, where he negotiated for the Soviet-Polish Non-Aggression Pact.
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Due to his crimes against Poles - including Polish Jews - the Polish resistance Home Army, in agreement with the Polish government in exile, targeted him for assassination. He was gunned down by the Poles in front of the SS headquarters in Warsaw in a special operation by Kedyw, a dedicated Polish special operations unit. In reprisal, the Nazis murdered 300 Polish civilians.
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Useful institutions of the old Polish state were retained for ease of administration. The Polish police, with no high-ranking Polish officers (they were arrested or demoted), was reorganised as the Blue Police and became subordinated to the Ordnungspolizei. The Polish educational system was similarly retained, but most higher institutions were closed. The Polish local administration was kept, subordinated to new German bosses.
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Nothing was to be added outside of the preordained news items. For example, the BBC Polish Service was heavily censored due to fears of jeopardising relations with the Soviet Union. Controversial topics, i.e. the contested Polish and Soviet border, the deportation of Polish citizens, the arrests of Polish Home Army members and the Katyn massacre, were not included in Polish broadcasts.
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Roman Stanisław Dmowski (9 August 1864 – 2 January 1939) was a Polish politician, statesman, and co-founder and chief ideologue of the National Democracy ("ND": in Polish, "Endecja") political movement. He saw the Germanization of Polish territories controlled by the German Empire as the major threat to Polish culture and therefore advocated a degree of accommodation with another power that had partitioned Poland, the Russian Empire. He favored the re-establishment of Polish independence by nonviolent means, and supported policies favorable to the Polish middle class. During World War I, in Paris, through his Polish National Committee he was a prominent spokesman, to the Allies for Polish aspirations.
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Polish studies, or PolonisticsCentre of Bohemistics and Polonistics - University of Latvia (, or polonistyka) is the field of humanities that researches, documents and disseminates the Polish language and Polish literature in both historic and present-day forms. In the United States, students taking Polish studies majors focus on the nation, current and historical inhabitants of Polish lands, both current and historical, and instruction includes a wide range of and humanities, such as culture, politics, and economics.Major: Polish Studies, The College Board, 2010, retrieved on 2009-01-03. Academic activities in Polish Studies include conferences, workshops, and book publications by scholars who work and teach on Polish history, culture, art, and politics.
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In the 1930s the Polish government attempted to assimilate western Ukrainian nobles into Polish culture. At that time, Polish researchers claimed that the Ukrainian nobles were descended from poor Polish nobles who became assimilated into Ukrainian culture by adopting the Ukrainian language and Orthodox religion of the peasants among whom they lived. They noted that the period of Polish rule involved the settlement of newly acquired Ukrainian territories by Poles, and that the Ukrainian nobility's speech frequently used Polish words and expressions. The Polish historians also pointed out that in the early 19th century western Ukrainian nobles tended to ally themselves with Polish rather than East Slavic or Ukrainian causes politically.
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Steven Zaloga and Victor Madej, The Polish Campaign 1939 Hardcover – March 1985. The relative strength of the Polish armed forces and the fear of the Polish military might be shown by Lithuania (1938 Polish ultimatum to Lithuania) made the Polish government's propaganda believable to the public. The Polish government had no choice, but to claim that an attack either by the Germans or by the Soviets would have been successfully repelled. The Polish government could not afford a capitulation of the Polish public because of the industrialization projects such as Central Industrial Region (Poland), nearly finished by early 1939, and the projects that were to follow it.
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Piotr Świst (born June 20, 1968 in Poland) is a Polish speedway rider who won Individual U-21 Polish Championship three times. His family name "Świst" in Polish language mean whizz.
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It was noted for its quality of writing and staunch Polish- Jewish stance.White, Angela. Jewish Lives in the Polish Language The Polish- Jewish Press, 1918--1939. Dissertation Abstracts International. 68-11.
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Anna Kurek, née Grejman (born 8 June 1993) is a female Polish volleyball player, a member of Poland women's national volleyball team and Polish club Polski Cukier Muszyna, 2014 Polish Champion.
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SPR Wisła Płock is a Polish professional men's handball team based in Płock, founded in 1964. The club plays in Superliga. Seven–time Polish Champion and ten–time Polish Cup winner.
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It was first colonized by Polish immigrants, in 1928. Polish was widely spoken in the region till the Second World War, when the Brazilian government prohibited education in Polish and German.
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In this category Polonicus is dedicate to the creators of culture or individuals who acting on behalf of Polish or European culture. Promote Polish culture, glorified the achievements and Polish values.
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Carr studied Polish at Jagiellonian University so she could communicate better with the Polish media during her tour and also to "help to share the joys of learning the Polish language".
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The Polish Sport Shooting Federation, Polish Polski Zwiazek Strzelectwa Sportowego is the Polish association for sport shooting under the International Practical Shooting Confederation (IPSC) and the International Shooting Sport Federation (ISSF).
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Jan Marek Szymański (born 2 March 1989), Polish pronunciation: [ˈjan ˈmaɾɛk ʂɨˈmaɲski]) is a Polish speed skater. He is the current holder of the Polish records in 3000 and 5000 metres.
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The Gdynia Film Festival (until 2011: Polish Film Festival, Polish: Festiwal Polskich Filmów Fabularnych w Gdyni) is an annual film festival first held in Gdańsk, now held in Gdynia, Poland. It has taken place every year since 1974, except in 1982 and 1983 when Poland was under martial law. The organizers of the festival are the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage of Poland, Polish Film Institute (PISF), Polish Filmmakers Association, the Pomeranian Voivodeship Local Government as well as the port city of Gdynia. The Polish Film Festival award is the Grand Prix Golden Lions (Polish: Złote Lwy), which is different from the Eagle (Polish: Orzeł), awarded at the Polish Film Awards and the Seattle Polish Film Festival (Seattle is the sister city of Gdynia).
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His cooking style combined Polish, French and other west European influences. As a mentor to aspirant Polish chefs and author of recipes which circulated in handwritten copies, he was instrumental in the development of modern Polish cuisine that was more moderate and cosmopolitan than old Polish cookery.
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Polish Society of Arts and Sciences Abroad (PTNO, ) is a Polish learned society located in London in the Polish Social and Cultural Association building. It was established in 1948 and its aim is to represent and support members of Polish academia who live and work abroad.
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PGE Turów Zgorzelec was a Polish professional basketball team that was based in Zgorzelec. The club played in the Polish League (PLK). It won the Polish championship once, in the 2013–14 season. The club's home court for domestic Polish League games was the PGE Turów Arena.
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89 (in Polish) and on 4 September they captured the town. The Germans established a transit camp for Polish prisoners of war and over 4,500 Polish soldiers passed through the camp. During the German occupation the Polish population was subject to mass arrests,Wardzyńska, Op. cit., p.
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Polish–Ukrainian War 1918–1919. Polish defenders of Chyrów (modern Khyriv) with the Jesuit college in the background, 1919. Polish armoured train Sanok-Gromobój and a Polish soldier Wiktor Borczyk with his son, 1918. Approximately 10,000 Poles and 15,000 Ukrainians, mostly soldiers, died during this war.
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Maciej Chorążyk (born 1 January 1974 in Krynica) is a Polish freelance sports journalist and soccer official, main coordinator/chief scout of the Polish Football Association's Scouting and Monitoring Polish Youth Abroad Section.Official webpage of the Polish Football Association. Search key: Maciej Chorążyk. Retrieved November 19, 2012.
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The Polish Cultural and Educational Union (PZKO) was created in 1947. The creation of other Polish organizations was prohibited.Zahradnik 1992, 128. This was the only Polish organization representing the Polish minority in the communist era, and was therefore under the strong influence of the Communist Party.
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Jerzy Michał Maj (14 July 1922 – 9 February 2003) was a Polish pharmacologist, professor of medical sciences, member of the Polish Academy of Sciences and the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences, a director of the Institute of Pharmacology of the Polish Academy of Sciences (1977–1993).
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The Polish words for a Pole are Polak (masculine) and Polka (feminine), Polki being the plural form for two or more women and Polacy being the plural form for the rest. The adjective "Polish" translates to Polish as polski (masculine), polska (feminine) and polskie (neuter). The common Polish name for Poland is Polska. The latter Polish word is an adjectival form which has developed into a substantive noun, most probably originating in the phrase polska ziemia, meaning "Polish land".
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In 1915 he was promoted to the rank of general. After the Russian Revolution in 1917 he joined the forming Polish Army. He commanded the 3rd Polish Rifleman Division of the Polish I Corps in Russia. He took part in the Polish-Ukrainian War of 1918 and 1919 and the Polish-Soviet War of 1918–1921, commanding respectively the 1st Lithuanian–Belarusian Division, Polish Eastern Army, the Galician-Volhynian, Galician and Podolian fronts, 6th Army and the Southern Front.
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Polish-American parade in New York City, 2008 There are a number of unique festivals, street parties and parades held by the Polish American community. The Polish Fest in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, which is a popular annual festival, takes place at the Henry Maier Festival Park. It is also the largest Polish festival in the United States. It attracts Polish Americans from all over Wisconsin and nearby Chicago, who come to celebrate Polish culture through music, food and entertainment.
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Jan Kwapinski, Polish Politician of Polish Socialist Party (PPS), Mayor of Łódź in 1939 Jan Kwapiński (1885–1964), born Piotr Chałupka Jan Kwapiński Gazeta.pl 2003-04-29 was a Polish independence activist and politician. A member of Combat Organization of the Polish Socialist Party, he was imprisoned by Russian Empire authorities in Warsaw Citadel. After Poland regained independence following the First World War, he became a member of Polish parliament (Sejm) after being elected in 1922 Polish legislative election.
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In 1072 Alexander commanded the reluctant Polish priest Stanislaus of Szczepanów to accept appointment as Bishop of Kraków - becoming one of the earliest native Polish bishops. This turned out to be a significant decision for the Polish Church (and for Polish history in general): once appointed, Stanislaus was a highly assertive bishop who got into conflict with Polish king Bolesław II the Bold, was assassinated by him and was eventually canonized and venerated as a major Polish saint.
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She represented Poland as a junior and now represents Poland as a senior. In national competitions, she has won the Polish Junior Individual National Championship, the Polish Senior Individual National Championship, the Polish Senior Team Championship, the Polish Youth Cup and the Polish Senior Cup. She has won the Polish Championship in Épée in 2004 and 2006.Mat Fencing, "Mistrzowie Polski w Szpadzie, 1925-2006" Dmowska was a student at the Academy of Physical Education in Warsaw.
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The State of Paraná still retains a strong influence from the Polish culture. Many small towns have a majority of Polish-descendants and the Polish language is spoken by some of them, although nowadays most Polish Brazilians only speak Portuguese. The city of Curitiba has the second largest Polish diaspora in the world (after Chicago) and Polish music, dishes and culture are quite common in the region. Curitiba was largely influenced by a mayor Jaime Lerner.
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Such strong anti-Polish sentiment was a radical and daring development among Lithuanians at the time when Polish intellectuals considered the Polish–Lithuanian union to be sacred, but it paved the way for separating the dual Polish-Lithuanian identity into the modern Polish and Lithuanian national identities. Daukantas identified language as the determining factor of nationality. After the publication of Aušra in 1883, such anti-Polish attitudes became increasingly common among Lithuanian activists. Daukantas idealized and idolized the past.
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Emslandlager was also the site of a post World War II British sector displaced person camp near Emsland in Lower Saxony in Germany. Maczków was the name of the central town of a Polish military enclave in Emsland, Germany, existing from 1945–1947, later renamed back to Haren. Maczków became a totally Polish town with a Polish mayor, a Polish school, a Polish fire brigade and a Polish rectory. The latter registered 289 weddings and 101 funerals.
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The Polish People's Army (Ludowe Wojsko Polskie , LWP) constituted the second formation of the Polish Armed Forces in the East in 1943–1945, and in 1945–1989 the armed forces of the Polish communist state (from 1952, the Polish People's Republic), ruled by the Polish Workers' Party and then the Polish United Workers' Party. The communist-led Polish armed forces, allowed and facilitated by Joseph Stalin, were the result of efforts made in the early 1940s in the Soviet Union by Wanda Wasilewska and Zygmunt Berling. The official name of those formations were: Armia Polska w ZSRR (Polish Army in the USSR) from 1943–1944, Wojsko Polskie (Polish Troops) and Siły Zbrojne Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej (Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland) from 1944–1952 and from 1952 Siły Zbrojne Polskiej Rzeczypospolitej Ludowej (Armed Forces of the Polish People's Republic).
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Chodkiewicz of Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, holding a buława Buława of Polish Marshal Edward Rydz-Śmigły The bulava or buława (Polish spelling: buława; Ukraine spelling: булава [bula'va]) is a ceremonial mace or baton.
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The Polish Review is an English-language academic journal published quarterly in New York City by the Polish Institute of Arts and Sciences of America. The Polish Review was established in 1956.
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Melinda's surname (pronounced 'Shi-manic') is Polish, and her Polish family history has always been very important to her. She took part in the Celebrating Everything Polish Festival in Wellington in 2014.
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Wszechświat ("The Universe") is a Polish popular-science magazine, currently issued as quarterly by Polish Copernicus Society of Naturalists, supported by AGH University of Science and Technology and Polish Academy of Learning.
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This resulted in harsh policies which targeted the Polish population, in addition to the explicit goal of exterminating Polish Jews, which was carried out by Nazi Germany in the occupied Polish territories.
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Like the Polish community of Finland, some Polish diasporans from Germany were come from the Rhine-Ruhr basin, as immigrant workers to Switzerland. The biggest Polish diaspora community live in Northern Switzerland.
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Grabie (Polish for "Rake") is a Polish coat of arms. It was used by many szlachta (noble) families in the Kingdom of Poland and under the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, including the Grabias.
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Michał Chyliński (born 22 February 1986) is a Polish professional basketball player for Astoria Bydgoszcz of the Polish Basketball League. He has played for the Polish national basketball team on many occasions.
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Like other communist-led Polish institutions, the People's Army operated in opposition to the Polish government-in-exile. After the war, the Polish People's Army became the military of communist-ruled Poland.
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The 132nd Fighter Escadrille of the Polish Air Force (Polish: 132. Eskadra Myśliwska) was one of the fighter units of the Polish Army in 1939. It was attached to the Army Poznań.
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Lucyna Ćwierczakiewiczowa () (1829—February 26, 1901) was a Polish writer, journalist and author of Polish cookery books.
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Polish culture article Eddie Rosner is considered to be the first known Polish jazz musician of significance.
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It is surmounted by a bronze Polish eagle, which is the symbol of the Polish Air Force.
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His thesis concerned the Polish Peasant Party in 1918–22. He is fluent in English and Polish.
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Aleksander "Olek" Czyż is a Polish professional basketball player. He has also represented the Polish national team.
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He is the brother of Polish heptathlete Urszula Włodarczyk and the father of Polish footballer Szymon Włodarczyk.
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In addition, the Polish Post maintained a presence in Danzig and issued Port Gdansk overprinted Polish stamps.
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Mocne (Polish for "Strong") is a Polish brand of cigarettes, currently owned and manufactured by Imperial Tobacco.
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Franciszek Ziejka (3 October 1940 – 19 July 2020) was a Polish scholar who specialized in Polish literature.
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Wojciech Muzyk (born 7 November 1998) is a Polish footballer who plays for polish club Legia Warsaw.
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Zahradnik 1992, 40. Various Polish clubs were founded. Most schools were Polish, followed by German and Czech.
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Kush is of Polish descent and was inducted into the National Polish-American Sports Hall of Fame.
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Polish Committee for Standardization () is a Polish governmental organization responsible for standardization. It was established in 1924.
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Following the 1968 Polish political crisis and a related antisemitic Polish government campaign, Krakowski moved to Israel.
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Kroniki Policyjne (Polish for police chronicles) is an album released by Polish punk rock band The Analogs.
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The Society for Polish-Soviet Friendship (in Polish, Towarzystwo Przyjaźni Polsko-Radzieckiej or TPPR) was established 1944.
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In 2011 the Polish national daily newspaper Rzeczpospolita ranked the university 11th among Polish public universities (25).
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The Polish II Corps in Russia () was a Polish military formation formed in revolutionary Russia in 1917.
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Samuel Zborowski (died 1584) was a Polish military commander and a notable member of the szlachta (Polish nobility). He is best remembered for having been executed by supporters of the Polish king Stefan Batory and chancellor Jan Zamoyski; an event which caused much uproar among the contemporary Polish nobility.
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Midrasz was founded in 1997 by Konstanty Gebert, a renowned Polish journalist, war correspondent and Polish-Jewish activist.Cisak, pp. 113-115 The first issue appeared in April 1997. The journal was devoted to Polish, Jewish and Polish-Jewish culture, art, literature, history and religion, as well as contemporary matters.
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Polish Jews expelled from Nuremberg Polenaktion ("Polish Action") was the arrest and expulsion of about 17,000 Polish Jews living in Nazi Germany in October 1938. These deportations, ordered by SS officer and head of the Gestapo Reinhard Heydrich, displaced thousands of Polish Jews along the Germany-Poland border.
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Maciej Żylicz (born 21 September 1953, Gdańsk) is a Polish biochemist and molecular biologist, professor at the University of Gdańsk, director of the Foundation for Polish Science, member of the Polish Academy of Sciences, State Committee for Scientific Research and a corresponding member of the Polish Academy of Learning.
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In 1914 he founded the Polish Society of Lawyers and Economists in St. Petersburg, and was a member of the Board of the Russian-Belgian Metallurgical Society. He collaborated in the Polish newspapers "The Polish Voice" (1913), and "The Polish Affair" (1915). Dymsha died on November 18, 1915.
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In 2006 moved to PlusLiga, to Polish club Skra Bełchatów. He won with Polish team three titles of Polish Champion (2007, 2008, 2009) and two Polish Cups – in 2007 and 2009. In season 2007/2008 won with club bronze medal of Champions League. He ended his career in 2009.
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Polish Dożynki Festival in Adelaide, South Australia The first Polish settlers arrived in South Australia in 1856. After World War II, many displaced persons migrated from Poland to Australia, including soldiers from the Polish Independent Carpathian Brigade (the "Rats of Tobruk"). There are now 160,000 to 200,000 Polish Australians.
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Across the border, in the Belarusian SSR, Minsk was home to Polish community organizations and a Polish-speaking national theatre of Belarus. In addition, a Polish Autonomous District, Dzierżyńszczyzna, was proclaimed on Soviet territory. However, in East Belarus the Soviet authorities liquidated most Polish organizations in the early 1930s.
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Borowski currently resides in Scottsdale, Arizona, with his wife Tatum and two sons Blaze and Ty. He accepted an award in 2004 from the Polish American Polish Association as a distinguished Polish-American.
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Kazimierz Józef Skorupka, codename: Dziad (b. February 18, 1901 in Warsaw - 1944 in Majdanek) was a Polish Scoutmaster (harcmistrz), Polish Army officer and member of the Polish resistance during the Second World War.
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Polish charitable organizations with that status include Związek Harcerstwa Polskiego, Great Orchestra of Christmas Charity, KARTA Center, Institute of Public Affairs, Silesian Fantasy Club, Polish Historical Society, and Polish chapter of Wikimedia Foundation.
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Four M-20s were used by the Polish Air Ambulance Service. As of 2006, there were still 14 M-20s on the Polish civilian registry. One is used by the Polish Border Guard.
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Głos (lit. from Polish: Voice) is a Polish socio-political weekly magazine. Its editor in chief is Polish politician Antoni Macierewicz. It has a self- declared Catholic-nationalist bias (Głos: tygodnik katolicko-narodowy).
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Stal Nysa SA is a Polish professional men's volleyball team based in Nysa, founded in 1948. One time Polish Cup winner. The club currently plays in the top level Polish Volleyball League – PlusLiga.
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Filip Dylewicz (born 25 January 1980) is a Polish professional basketball player for Arka Gdynia of the Polish Basketball League (PLK). He also represented the Polish national basketball team in the international competitions.
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The Polish Theater in Vilnius () is a Polish-language theater in Vilnius, Lithuania. It was founded in 1963 by actress and director Irena Rymowicz. It staged its first premiere comedy Ladies and Hussars by Aleksander Fredro in 1965. In 1990, the Polish Theater in Vilnius was awarded a collective Honorary Badge of Merit for Polish Culture:pl:Odznaka honorowa Zasłużony dla Kultury Polskiej from the Polish Ministry of Culture.
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They were supported by the Edinburgh University professors. Professor Antoni Jurasz was the first dean of the Polish School of Medicine. Students were initially taught in Edinburgh Hospitals until October 1941 when, thanks to the generosity of the Edinburgh Council, the Ignacy Jan Paderewski Polish hospital was established. Most of the courses were taught in Polish, followed the Polish curriculum and students were awarded a Polish Degree.
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Cisza (Silence) is a 2001 Polish film directed by Michal Rosa from a screenplay by Rosa and Krzysztof Piesiewicz. Rosa was named best director for the film at the 2001 Polish Film Festival. Actress Kinga Preis won Best Actress at both the Polish Film Festival and the 2002 Polish Film Awards. The film was also nominated for Polish Film Awards for its cinematography and its score.
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Polish Jews later served in almost all Polish formations during the entire World War II, many were killed or wounded and very many were decorated for their combat skills and exceptional service. Jews fought with the Polish Armed Forces in the West, in the Soviet formed Polish People's Army as well as in several underground organizations and as part of Polish partisan units or Jewish partisan formations.
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There are opinions in some Polish media that the Polish minority in Lithuania is facing discrimination. A petition no 358/2011 on language rights of Poles living in Lithuania was filed to European parliament. The Polish Election Action in Lithuania claimed that the educational legislation is discriminatory. In 2011, former Polish President Lech Wałęsa criticized the government of Lithuania over its alleged discrimination against the Polish minority.
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Polish Americans () are Americans who have total or partial Polish ancestry. There are an estimated 9.15 million self-identified Polish Americans, representing about 2.83% of the U.S. population. Polish Americans are the second-largest Central European immigrant group after the Germans, and the eighth largest immigrant group overall in the United States. The first Polish settlers arrived at Walter Raleigh's failed Roanoke Colony in 1585.
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The plan was to cooperate with the advancing Red Army on a tactical level, while Polish civil authorities came out from underground and took power in Allied-controlled Polish territory. The plan failed, as Soviet troops would attack Polish Home Army groups after cooperation against German troops. Many Polish Home Army soldiers were KIA, enlisted to Soviet-controlled Polish People's Army, murdered, imprisoned or deported.
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The Polish minority in Spain numbers between 45,000 and 60,000.The world of Polonia, Past and present of Polish community in Spain The Polish population is mainly guest workers who took advantage of Spain's economic boom during the 1990s. Madrid, Barcelona, Seville, San Sebastian and Valencia have significant Polish populations. The Polish minority in Spain is relatively young, 74% are between 20 and 49 years old.
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The Polish National Radio Symphony Orchestra has a similar name but is separate. The Polish Radio Symphony Orchestra () is a Polish radio orchestra founded in 1945 in Warsaw by Stefan Rachoń. Initially, the orchestra made records only for Polish radio and television. In 1970, the orchestra began to tour and release recordings, particularly of Polish music such as that of Wojciech Kilar, Zygmunt Krauze and others.
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Zones in Iraq as of 2003. Polish zone (South Central), in practice multinational under Polish command, marked in pink. Zones in Iraq as of 2004. Polish zone (South Central), in practice multinational under Polish command, marked in pink. The Polish zone in Iraq or the South Central / South Center / Central South / Center South zone / sector was created in 2003 when Iraq was divided into four zones.
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The Polish armed forces, then known as Polish People's Army, were part of the Soviet-controlled Warsaw Pact. Polish units took part in occupying Czechoslovakia in response to the Prague Spring in 1968. The command post for the invasion was actually located on Polish soil, at Marshal Ivan Yakubovsky's Legnica headquarters.Andrew A. Michta, 'Red Eagle: the army in Polish politics 1944-1988,' Hoover Press, 1990, p.62.
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Polish–Soviet & Lithuanian–Soviet Wars in 1919: Polish & Lithuanian counterattacks. The Vilna offensive was a campaign of the Polish–Soviet War of 1919–1921. The Polish army launched an offensive on April 16, 1919, to take Vilnius () from the Red Army. After three days of street fighting from April 19–21, the city was captured by Polish forces, causing the Red Army to retreat.
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Adolf Fierla (16 January 1908 - 8 September 1967) was a Polish writer and poet from the region of Cieszyn Silesia. He was born 16 January 1908 in Orlová to a coal miner's family and graduated from the local Juliusz Słowacki Polish Gymnasium. Fierla later studied Polish studies at the Jagiellonian University in Kraków and Slavic studies in Prague. He later worked as a teacher of Polish language at Polish elementary schools in Zaolzie and eventually at the Polish Gymnasium in Orlová.
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St. Mary of the Angels Catholic Church. Polish Downtown is perhaps most noted for its opulent "Polish Cathedrals", magnificently ornate structures that dazzle many of those driving through the area along the Kennedy Expressway."Polish Downtown", Northwest Chicago History The buildings express the religious zeal and faith of the large immigrant Polish congregations. The combined membership of the exclusively Polish Roman Catholic parishes of Polish Downtown together had over 100,000 parishioners in 1918, all located within a one-mile radius.
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The earlier Polish force formed in the Soviet Union, known as Anders' Army, was loyal to the Polish government-in-exile and by that time had moved to Iran. The communist-led Polish forces soon grew beyond the 1st Division into two major commands – the First Polish Army (initially under Zygmunt Berling) and the Second Polish Army (commanded by Karol Świerczewski). The First Polish Army participated in the Vistula–Oder Offensive, the Battle of Kolberg and the final Battle of Berlin.
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The policy of moving ethnic Poles out was delayed until the war. The greatest efforts in defence against Germanisation were made by regional newspaper called "Tygodnik Polski Poświęcony Włościanom" ("Polish Weekly for Estate Owners"), which was the first newspaper printed in Polish language in Upper Silesia.About Polish-Silesian "Tygodnik Polski Poświęcony Włościanom" (Polish Weekly for Farmers) , University of Bielsko- Biała. Accessed 2008-01-18. The town of Pless was 94.3% Polish in 1829; the whole district remained 86% Polish as late as 1867.
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Official records of the number of Polish immigrants to the United States are highly inconsistent. A general estimate of over 2 million Polish immigrants is generally stated. Reports as high as 4 million Polish immigrants to the United States has been written, which could be possible if non-Polish immigrants is considered in the total. Polish immigrants were categorized by U.S. immigration agents by nation of origin, usually Austria, Prussia, or Russia (between 1898 and 1919, there was no Polish nation).
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The Battle of Stavishche (Polish: Bitwa pod Stawiszczami), also called the Siege of Stawiszcze, took place between July 7 - October 7, 1664, during the Russo-Polish War (1654–67). Polish Crown forces under Stefan Czarniecki besieged the town of Stavyshche (Stawiszcze), which at that time belonged to Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth’s Kiev Voivodeship. The residents of Stavyshche rebelled against Polish rule, and as a result, the town was destroyed in January 1665. In mid-1664, Polish forces under Czarniecki raided Right-bank Ukraine.
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Casimir's incorporation of Prussia led to the Thirteen Years' War. After the Polish victory over the Teutonic Order, the city became part of the Malbork Voivodeship in the newly established autonomous province of Royal Prussia under the suzerainty of the Polish crown in the Second Peace of Thorn. The city was known to the Polish crown by its Polish name Elbląg. With the creation of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1569, the city was brought under direct control of the Polish crown.
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The Zbigniew Cybulski Award (Polish: Nagroda im. Zbyszka Cybulskiego) is a Polish annual film award given to best young Polish actors. It was established in 1969 on the initiative of Wiesława Czapińska and named to commemorate Zbigniew Cybulski who is widely considered one of the greatest Polish actors of the second half of the 20th century. It is among the most prominent awards in Polish cinema and the past winners include some of the most popular and critically acclaimed Polish actors.
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Sikorski and his government moved to London and were able to evacuate many Polish troops to Britain. After the signing of a Polish-British Military Agreement on August 5, 1940, they proceeded to build up and train the Polish Armed Forces in the West. Experienced Polish pilots took part in the Battle of Britain, where the Polish 303 Fighter Squadron achieved the highest number of kills of any Allied squadron. Sikorski's Polish forces would form one of the most significant Allied contingents.
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Adam Puławski is a Polish historian and former researcher for the Institute of National Remembrance (IPN). His research focuses on the Polish Underground State and the Polish government-in-exile and their actions toward the Jewish citizens of Poland during the Holocaust. Puławski has argued that the Polish government often treated Polish Jews as foreigners and their extermination as a secondary issue. In contrast to claims made by the Law and Justice party that the Polish government-in-exile did its best to help the Polish Jews, Puławski found that there were attempts to censor news of the fate of Jews.
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Because of their archaic Polish basis, the Goral dialects became a popular object of study among linguists dealing with the history of the Polish language. As a result, by the end of the 19th century Polish intellectuals commonly saw the Goral speaking areas in Spiš, Orava and around Čadca as being ethnographically Polish just like Podhale, irrespective of their inhabitants' actual national consciousness (or lack of it). The exception was northeastern Orava, with an influx of Polish or Polish-educated priests into the local Catholic parishes and some circulation of the Polish-language newspaper Gazeta Zakopiańska from nearby Podhale.
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Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1620 The population of Poland-Lithuania was neither overwhelmingly Roman Catholic nor Polish. This circumstance resulted from the federation with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, where East Slavic Ruthenian populations predominated. In the days of the "Republic of Nobles", to be Polish was much less an indication of ethnicity than of rank; it was a designation largely reserved for the landed noble class, which included members of Polish and non-Polish origin alike. Generally speaking, the ethnically non-Polish noble families of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania gradually adopted the Polish language and culture.
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Szczecin University of Technology was established on 1 December 1946 as School of Engineering in Szczecin (Polish: Szkoła Inżynierska w Szczecinie). Initially it included three faculties - Faculty of Electrical Engineering (Polish: Wydział Elektryczny), Faculty of Civil Engineering (Polish: Wydział Inżynierii Lądowej) and Faculty of Mechanical Engineering (Polish: Wydział Mechaniczny). In the following academic year, it was expanded with opening of Faculty of Chemical Engineering (Polish: Wydział Chemiczny). On 1 September 1955 it took over departments of liquidated School of Economics in Szczecin (Polish: Szkoła Ekonomiczna w Szczecinie) and established Faculty of Engineering and Economics of Transport (Polish: Wydział Inżynieryjno-Ekonomiczny Transportu).
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The Piast Institute's political report found that Polish-Americans' interests are rooted in Polish-U.S. economic and political cooperation, and many Poles continue to view Russia as an adversary to Polish and American interests. Marilyn Piurek, who founded Polish Americans for Clinton-Gore and organized the National Leadership Committee of Polish Americans for Obama, said that her community is well-aligned with domestic policy, and has no differences from other American voters, but will unite on important Polish foreign policy interests. U.S. Senator Mark Kirk (R-IL) receiving an award from the Polish American Congress in 2011.
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Several Polish organizations and enterprises operated in the town in the interbellum, including the Union of Poles in Germany, a Polish scout troop and the Polish Bank Ludowy ("People's Bank"). Polish activists were persecuted since 1937.Mirosław Cygański, Hitlerowskie prześladowania przywódców i aktywu Związków Polaków w Niemczech w latach 1939 - 1945, "Przegląd Zachodni", nr 4, 1984, p. 24 (in Polish) In the months before the outbreak of World War II, in 1939, the houses of Polish activists and Polish institutions and enterprises were the target of numerous attacks, anonymous threatening letters were sent to Poles, while the police refused protection.
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Historian Nerijus Udrėnas summarized that the events in Kražiai accelerated two major trends of the Lithuanian National Revival – separation of the dual Polish-Lithuanian identity into just Polish or Lithuanian national identities and separation of the Lithuanian National Revival into two main branches (conservative Catholic and liberal secular). Polish press also covered the events, often claiming that the defenders were Poles organized and led by Polish szlachta. Polish journalist wrote a play about the events. Lithuanians protested such attempts to usurp and appropriate the events in the spirit of the old Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and in support of the dual Polish-Lithuanian identity.
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The 2018 Polish SuperCup was the 28th Polish SuperCup, an annual Polish football match played between the reigning winners of the Ekstraklasa and Polish Cup. It was held on 14 July 2018 between the 2017–18 Ekstraklasa and 2017–18 Polish Cup winners Legia Warsaw and the 2017–18 Polish Cup runners-up Arka Gdynia at Legia's home, the Polish Army Stadium in Warsaw. Arka played its second SuperCup match, while Legia played its 13th and sixth consecutive SuperCup. It was a rematch of the previous SuperCup edition, during which Arka ended their first SuperCup appearance with a victory.
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Mariusz Marcyniak (born 5 March 1992) is a Polish volleyball player, a member of Polish club Cuprum Lubin.
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Moustapha M'Baye (born January 22, 1992) is a Polish volleyball player, a member of Polish club KPS Siedlce.
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Artur Ratajczak (born 18 September 1990) is a Polish volleyball player, a member of Polish club MKS Będzin.
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Since 2015 Kukiz is a member of Polish parliament. He is a co-leader of the Polish Coalition.
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Polish Academy Award for Best Film is one of the awards given to the best Polish motion picture.
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Poza prawem (Polish for behind the law) is an album released by Polish punk rock band The Analogs.
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Smolensk () is a Polish drama thriller film directed by polish director Antoni Krauze produced from 2013 to 2016.
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"Polish historian: Penalties for new Polish law resemble pre- war punishment". Jerusalem Post.Thorne, Stephen J. (14 February 2018).
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The Polish Cipher Bureau then built several Polish Enigma doubles that could be used to decipher German messages.
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The Polish Motor Union (PZM) determined Polish riders to World and European Championships in several domestic qualifications meetings.
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Kacper Stelmach (born 5 May 1997) is a Polish volleyball player, a member of Polish club GKS Katowice.
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Aleksandra Rudolf (born 10 January 2002) is a Polish figure skater. She is a former Polish national champion.
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Newsweek Polska is a Polish language weekly news magazine published in Poland as the Polish edition of Newsweek.
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Night Train (Polish: Pociąg, also known as Baltic Express) is a 1959 Polish film directed by Jerzy Kawalerowicz.
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Krzysztof Skowroński Krzysztof Skowroński is a Polish journalist and the former director of Program 3 in Polish Radio.
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Marta Gęga (born 16 April 1986) is a Polish handballer for MKS Lublin and the Polish national team.
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Jan Firlej (born 26 September 1996) is a Polish volleyball player, a member of Polish club GKS Katowice.
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Jakub Szymański (born 25 March 1998) is a Polish volleyball player, member of the Polish club GKS Katowice.
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Anyone can become a member of the Polish & Slavic Federal Credit Union. Upon electing to open an account at the PSFCU, the individual can also select to become a "sponsoring member" of the Polish & Slavic Center, Polish Cultural Foundation, Polonia of Long Island, Polish Supplementary School Council of America, General Pulaski Memorial Parade Committee, Alliance of Polish Clubs in the United States, Polish Highlanders Alliance of North America, Kosciuszko Foundation, Copernicus Foundation, or Polish Army Veterans Association of America. Previously, only persons of Polish or Slavic descent could become a member of the federal credit union, however that rule has since been changed and membership is open to all persons willing to join, regardless of ethnicity.
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The first Polish social organizations in Azerbaijan were created at the beginning of the twentieth century in Baku. Many Poles were living in Azerbaijan at that time. Even earlier, in the 19th century, the Poles were visiting Azerbaijan for various reasons such as political exiles, the tsarist army soldiers recruited from the Polish Kingdom, as well as Poles looking for a good job, especially during the dynamic development of Baku city - the so-called oil boom at the beginning twentieth century. There was then in Baku several Polish organizations - the Council of Polish Organisations, Association "Polish House", the Polish Society of Mutual Aid, "Focus", Polish Benevolent Society, and even the Union of Polish Youth.
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The book Hollywood's War with Poland shows how Hollywood's World War II (and onwards) negative portrayal of Polish people as being "backward", helped condition the American people to see Polish people as having inferior intelligence. The book supports the Polish-American Journal's assertion that Hollywood historically was fertile ground for anti-Polish prejudice, based on Hollywood's left-wing and Soviet sympathies.Hollywood’s War with Poland, 1939–1945: A Review The Polish American Congress Anti-Bigotry Committee was created in the early 1980s to fight anti-Polish sentiment, expressed for example in "Polish jokes". Notable public cases include protests against the use of Polish jokes by Drew Carey (early 2000s) and Jimmy Kimmel (2013), both on the ABC network.
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Polish notation (PN), also known as normal Polish notation (NPN), Łukasiewicz notation, Warsaw notation, Polish prefix notation or simply prefix notation, is a mathematical notation in which operators precede their operands, in contrast to the more common infix notation, in which operators are placed between operands, as well as reverse Polish notation (RPN), in which operators follow their operands. It does not need any parentheses as long as each operator has a fixed number of operands. The description "Polish" refers to the nationality of logician Jan Łukasiewicz, who invented Polish notation in 1924. The term Polish notation is sometimes taken (as the opposite of infix notation) to also include reverse Polish notation.
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Polish–Ottoman War (1683–1699) or the War of the Holy League refers to the Polish side of the conflict otherwise known as the Great Turkish War. The conflict begun with a great Polish victory at the battle of Vienna in 1683, and ended with the Treaty of Karlowitz, restoring to the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth lands lost in the previous Polish-Ottoman War (the Polish–Ottoman War (1672–76)). It was the last conflict between the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Ottoman Empire, and despite the Polish victory, it marked the decline of power of not only the Ottoman Empire, but also of the Commonwealth, which would never again interfere in affairs outside of its declining borders.
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As of the 2000 census, 213,447 New Yorkers reported Polish ancestry. New York is home to a number of Polish and Polish-American cultural, community, and scientific institutions, including the Polish Institute of Arts and Sciences of America (PIASA) and the Polish Cultural Institute. Polish-language publications with circulation reaching outside the city include The Polish Review, an English-language scholarly journal published since 1956 by PIASA; Nowy Dziennik , founded in 1971; and Polska Gazeta , founded in the year 2000. The Polska Gazeta is the leading Polish-language daily newspaper in the tri- state area, delivering daily news to over 17,000 readers in New York, New Jersey, Connecticut, Pennsylvania, Long Island and Delaware.
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Further efforts to continue the Polish-Soviet cooperation had failed because of disagreements over the borders, the discovery of the Katyn massacre of Polish POWs perpetrated by the Soviets, and the death of General Sikorski. Afterwards, in a process seen by many Poles as a Western betrayal, the Polish Government-in-Exile gradually ceased being a recognized partner in the Allied coalition. Stalin pursued a strategy of facilitating the formation of a Polish government independent of (and in opposition to) the exile government in London by empowering the Polish communists. Among Polish communist organizations established during the war were the Polish Workers' Party in occupied Poland and the Union of Polish Patriots in Moscow.
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The Certificate Examinations in Polish as a Foreign Language (Polish: Egzaminy Certyfikatowe z Języka Polskiego jako Obcego), also referred as State Certificate Examinations in Polish as a Foreign Language (Polish: Państwowe Egzaminy Certyfikatowe z Języka Polskiego jako Obcego), are standardized tests of Polish language proficiency for non-native Polish speakers. The examinations are held by the State Commission for the Certification of Proficiency in Polish as a Foreign Language (Polish: Państwowa Komisja Poświadczania Znajomości Języka Polskiego jako Obcego) starting from 2004 in Poland as well as in foreign countries. Candidates passing the examinations would obtain a certificate indicating the level of their proficiency in Polish. There are currently three levels of examinations set according to the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages, namely, B1, B2 and C2.
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In Hudson County, New Jersey, Bayonne houses New Jersey's largest Polish American community, while Wallington in Bergen County, New Jersey contains the state's highest percentage of Polish Americans and one of the highest percentages in the United States, at over 40%. However, within New Jersey, Polish populations are additionally increasing rapidly in Clifton, Passaic County as well as in Garfield, Bergen County. Riverhead, New York, located on eastern Long Island, contains a neighborhood known as Polish Town, where many Polish immigrants have continued to settle since the World War II era; the town has Polish architecture, stores, and St. Isidore's R.C. Church, and Polish Town hosts an annual summer Polish Fair. LOT Polish Airlines provides non-stop flight service between JFK International Airport in the Queens borough of New York City, Newark and Warsaw.
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The Polish stage of the UEFA Regions' Cup is the Polish football tournament for amateur teams who represent the Polish regions. It has been played since 1999 as qualification for the UEFA Regions' Cup.
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Poniatowski is also being considered as one of few undiscovered Polish communities due to the group of Polish settlers established their village after Rietbrock in 1879, naming after Polish leader and general Józef Poniatowski.
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Kacper Ziemiński (born 4 November 1990 in Więcbork)Polish 2016 Olympic team at the Polish Olympic Committee website is a Polish sailor. He competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics in the men's Laser class.
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Under the Second Polish Republic, Sieroszewski was a senator, and president of the Union of Polish Writers (Związek Zawodowy Literatów Polskich, 1927–30) and the Polish Academy of Literature (Polska Akademia Literatury, 1933–1939).
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Vilnius region has a large Polish minority (26% of Vilnius county population) . Polish activists from Association of Poles in Lithuania and Association "Polish Community" claim there are conflicts between Lithuanian clergy and the Poles.
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Grzegorz Gerwazy Gorczycki (ca. 1665 to 1667 – 30 April 1734) was a Polish Baroque composer. Considered one of the greatest composers of Polish Baroque music, during his lifetime he was called the "Polish Handel".
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Agnieszka Dulej (born July 4, 1983) is a Polish ice dancer. She competed with Marcin Świątek and Sławomir Janicki. With Janicki, she was a two-time Polish national silver and Polish national bronze medalist.
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Horacy Safrin Horacy Safrin (1899 – 1980) was a Polish poet, comedian, author and translator. He is best known as a successful translator of Polish literature to Yiddish language and Jewish literature to Polish language.
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City Stadium Grudziądz Olimpia Grudziądz is a Polish football club from Grudziądz. The club was formed on 30 June 1923. Currently, Olimpia plays in the Polish First League (second level in Polish League System).
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Polish Baltic Philharmonic on the Motława river Polish Baltic F. Chopin Philharmonic in Gdańsk (full name in Polish: Polska Filharmonia Bałtycka im. Fryderyka Chopina w Gdańsku) is a concert hall located in Ołowianka, Gdańsk.
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Wilki are a Polish Alternative rock/Pop rock band from Warsaw. Wilki have written songs both in English and Polish. Wilki means wolves in Polish. They are currently signed to Sony Music in Poland.
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Mark Polish and Michael Polish (born October 30, 1970), known informally as the Polish brothers, are American twin screenwriters and film producers. Michael usually directs their films, and Mark often has an acting role.
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465x465px This is a list of Polish inventors and discoverers. The following list comprises people from Poland and of Polish origin, and also people of predominantly Polish heritage, in alphabetical order of the surname.
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Few spoke English well, and few were skilled laborers. Their social lives revolved around a number of heritage societies. They included the Polish Roman Catholic Union, the Polish Union of the United States, the National Alliance, the Pulaski Club, the Polish Welfare Club and the Polish Citizens' Club.Larsen and Cottrell.
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Soviet Communist ideology became paramount in all teaching. Polish literature and language studies were dissolved by the Soviet authorities, and the Polish language was replaced with Russian or Ukrainian. Polish-language books were burned even in the primary schools. Polish teachers were not allowed in the schools, and many were arrested.
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The majority of the Polish soldiers, and some Polish civilians, who stayed in France after the German victory in 1940, as well as one Polish pilot shot down over France (one of many Polish pilots flying for the RAF), joined the French Resistance, notably including Tony Halik and Aleksander Kawałkowski.
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The Polish Academy Award for Best Actor is an award given out at the annual Polish Film Awards to honor of an actor who has delivered an outstanding leading performance in the Polish film industry. The award is presented by the Polish Film Academy and was first presented in 1999.
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24th Uhlan Regiment of Crown Hetman Stanislaw Zolkiewski (Polish: 24 Pulk Ulanów im. Hetmana Wielkiego Koronnego Stanislawa Zolkiewskiego, 24 p.ul.) was a cavalry unit of the Polish Army in the Second Polish Republic. Formed in June 1920, it fought both in the Polish–Soviet War and the 1939 Invasion of Poland.
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Piotr Gontarczyk Piotr Gontarczyk (born 29 April 1970 in Żyrardów, Poland) is a Polish historian with a doctorate in history and political science. He is employed by the Polish Institute of National Remembrance. He specializes in the World War II history of the Polish communist movement, and in contemporary Polish history.
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She also published articles in Polish and Lithuanian press debating the issues of the Polish- Lithuanian identity. She supported the Lithuanian National Revival, but opposed both Lithuanian and Polish nationalism. After World War I, she published criticism of the Second Polish Republic and its policies and attitudes towards its ethnic minorities.
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Around 10,000 Polish Jews fought under the Polish flag – and British High Command – at the Battle of Monte Cassino.Klieger, Noah (September 11, 2006) Army was Polish, soldiers were Jews. Ynetnews.com All of them were eligible to settle in the UK after the Polish Resettlement Act 1947, Britain's first mass immigration law.
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BISC Wrocław also offers education to Polish Citizens through the Polsko-Brytyjska Dwujęzyczna Szkoła Podstawowa (Polish-British Bilingual Elementary School) This is a programme of lessons in accordance with Polish education law. These are scheduled to ensure students receive a complementary balance of instructions in both the British and Polish systems.
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Skra Bełchatów, competing as PGE Skra Bełchatów for sponsorship reasons and officially called KPS Skra Bełchatów SA is a Polish professional men's volleyball team based in Bełchatów, founded in 1957. Nine–time Polish Champion and seven–time Polish Cup winner. The most titled Polish volleyball club in the XXI century.
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He is Polish Champion in season 2003/2004, silver medalist of Polish Championship 2005/2006 with Jastrzębski Węgiel. In 2006 moved to Wkręt-met Domex AZS Częstochowa. He won with club from Częstochowa Polish Cup and silver medal of Polish Championship 2007/2008. Next 2 seasons spent in Asseco Resovia Rzeszów.
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Magdalena Daria Gessler (née Ikonowicz, also known as Magda Gessler; born July 10, 1953) is a Polish television personality, celebrity chef, restaurateur and painter.Kuchenne rewolucje, Polish TV programme, 2009-2010 Gessler is known for presenting TV programme Kuchenne rewolucje (Polish version of Kitchen Nightmares) and judging in Polish version of MasterChef.
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Zygmunt Zieliński (1 August 1858 - 11 April 1925) was a Polish general. He reached the rank of colonel in the Austro-Hungarian Army. In 1914, he volunteered for the Polish Legions, where he commanded the 3rd Brigade, Polish Legions from 1915. From 1917 to 1918, he commanded the Polish Auxiliary Corps.
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Kuryłowicz was a member of the Polish Academy of Learning and the Polish Academy of Science. He died at the age of 83 in Kraków. He was a member of the Polish Academy of Learning and the Polish Academy of Sciences. He was the brother of the microbiologist Włodzimierz Kuryłowicz.
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Polish cuisine is rich in meat, especially pork, chicken and beef, in addition to a wide range of vegetables, spices, and herbs. Polish Meals – Polish Food – Polish Cuisine . Retrieved June 6, 2011. It is also characteristic in its use of various kinds of noodles as well as cereals and grains.
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19th Volhynian Uhlan Regiment (Polish language: 19. Pułk Ułanów Wołyńskich, 19 puł) was a cavalry unit of the Polish Army in the Second Polish Republic. Formed in 1917, it fought in the Polish–Soviet War and the Invasion of Poland. In the interbellum period, the regiment was garrisoned in Ostrog, Volhynia.
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The 3rd Silesian Uhlan Regiment (Polish: 3 Pułk Ułanów Śląskich, 3 puł) was a cavalry regiment of the Polish Land Forces in the Second Polish Republic and later an armoured regiment of the Polish Armed Forces in the West. Its traditions dated back to the uhlans of the Duchy of Warsaw.
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On October 17, 2013, Gibson signed with Śląsk Wrocław of the Polish Basketball League. He won the Polish Basketball Cup with Śląsk Wrocław. On July 14, 2014, Gibson signed with Rosa Radom of the Polish Basketball League. On August 11, 2015, Gibson signed with Pierniki Toruń of the Polish Basketball League.
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On the north side of Low Head is Polonez Cove, named by the Polish Antarctic Expedition in 1980 from the Polish form of the French word polonaise, a stately Polish dance in 3/4 time.
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Langiewicz defeated them all in many skirmishes. Polish forces grew to 2,600 men. Russian colonel Dobrowolski attacked near Małogoszcz. The Russians shelled Polish positions, but their attack was eventually smashed by a Polish cavalry counterattack.
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Grupa Azoty ZAKSA Kędzierzyn-Koźle, previously known as ZAKSA Kędzierzyn-Koźle is a Polish professional men's volleyball team based in Kędzierzyn-Koźle, founded in 1994. Eight–time Polish Champion and seven–time Polish Cup winner.
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He translates into English and Polish. His translations of T.S. Eliot and Robinson Jeffers into Polish have appeared in the Wrocław based journal "Odra." Recipient of the Union of Polish Writers Abroad award (London, 2013).
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The 2016 Polish SuperCup was held on 7 July 2016 between the 2015–16 Ekstraklasa winners and the 2015–16 Polish Cup winners Legia Warsaw and the 2015–16 Polish Cup runners-up Lech Poznań.
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Przyjaciel (Polish for "Friend") also known as "de Pryjatel" and "Amicus" is a Polish coat of arms. It was used by several szlachta (noble) families under the Kingdom of Poland and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
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Polish ethnographer Jerzy Ficowski, writing in the 1950s and 1960s used the term "Polish Lowlander Gypsies" (Polish: Polscy Cyganie Nizinni) to refer to the same group, though this terminology is no longer in widespread use.
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1952 Team Speedway Polish Championship season was the fifth season and is used to determine the Team Polish Champion.
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1950 Team Speedway Polish Championship season was the third season and is used to determine the Team Polish Champion.
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1951 Team Speedway Polish Championship season was the fourth season and is used to determine the Team Polish Champion.
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1949 Team Speedway Polish Championship season was the second season and is used to determine the Team Polish Champion.
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1948 Team Speedway Polish Championship season was the first season of the contest used to determine the Polish Champion.
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Mariusz Jurasik (born 4 May 1976) is a former Polish handball player who played for the Polish national team.
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1955 Team Speedway Polish Championship season was the eighth season and is used to determine the Team Polish Champion.
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Martin Konczkowski is a Polish footballer who plays as a right back for Piast Gliwice in the Polish Ekstraklasa.
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1956 Team Speedway Polish Championship season was the ninth season and is used to determine the Team Polish Champion.
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1953 Team Speedway Polish Championship season was the sixth season and is used to determine the Team Polish Champion.
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1954 Team Speedway Polish Championship season was the seventh season and is used to determine the Team Polish Champion.
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1957 Team Speedway Polish Championship season was the tenth season and is used to determine the Team Polish Champion.
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Brama - is a Polish coat of arms. It was used by several szlachta families during the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
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Piotr Grabarczyk (born 31 October 1982) is a former Polish handball player who played for the Polish national team.
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Przemysław Zadura (born 26 April 1988) is a Polish handball player for Gwardia Opole and the Polish national team.
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Kamil Mokrzki (born 29 October 1991) is a Polish handball player for Gwardia Opole and the Polish national team.
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On 12 July 1944 the unit regained the Polish adjective in its name, becoming the No. 131 Polish Wing ().
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Sylwia Parys (born December 22, 1988) is a Polish singer. She is a member of the Polish band Queens.
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Maciej Majdziński (born 8 April 1996) is a Polish handball player for Bergischer HC and the Polish national team.
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Kacper Adamski (born 19 March 1992) is a Polish handball player for MMTS Kwidzyn and the Polish national team.
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Michał Potoczny (born 10 January 1995) is a Polish handball player for MMTS Kwidzyn and the Polish national team.
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Adrian Nogowski (born 27 March 1990) is a Polish handball player for MMTS Kwidzyn and the Polish national team.
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Dawid Przysiek (born 4 February 1987) is a Polish handball player for Arka Gdynia and the Polish national team.
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In May 2013, Vue Entertainment acquired Polish Multikino.Vue Entertainment buys Polish Multikino The acquisition was completed in October 2013.
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Damian Przytuła (born 27 November 1998) is a Polish handball player for MMTS Kwidzyn and the Polish national team .
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Katarzyna Iwona Jurkowska-Kowalska (born ) is a Polish female artistic gymnast and a two-time Polish all-around champion.
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Droga krajowa nr 98 (translates from Polish as national road 98) was route belonging to Polish national roads network.
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Krzysztof Komarzewski (born 16 September 1998) is a Polish handball player for Wisła Płock and the Polish national team.
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Lang has Polish ancestry, and became a naturalised French citizen in 1964. He speaks fluent Polish, French and English.
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Michał Świstak (born 1 June 1977 in Kraków) is a Polish defender who plays for Polish club Puszcza Niepołomice.
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Organizations like the Polish Legion of American Veterans were organized to memorialize the Polish contribution to the American military.
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Jakub Kot (born 19 January 1990) is a Polish ski jumper, a member of Polish youth ski jumping team.
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1959 Team Speedway Polish Championship season was the eleventh season and is used to determine the Team Polish Champion.
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Kacper Piechocki (born 17 December 1995) is a Polish volleyball player, a member of Skra Bełchatów, Polish Champion (2018).
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Damian Krzysztofik (born 12 April 1988) is a Polish handball player for Chrobry Głogów and the Polish national team.
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Polish police in the city of Sanok. Crime in Poland is combated by the Polish police and other agencies.
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Michał Żurek (born 3 June 1988) is a Polish volleyball player, a member of Warta Zawiercie, 2015 Polish Champion.
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Dalin Myślenice is a Polish women's volleyball team, based in Myślenice, playing in Polish Seria A Women's Volleyball League.
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Application for "Confirmation of Possession or Loss of Polish Citizenship" can be made through Polish embassies or consulates abroad.
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1958 Team Speedway Polish Championship season was the tenth season and is used to determine the Team Polish Champion.
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Braun has translated works from English, French, and Italian into Polish, and from Polish, French, and Russian into English.
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Jakub Łucak (born 18 September 1989) is a Polish retired handball player who played for the Polish national team.
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Paweł Salacz (born 7 July 1997) is a Polish handball player for Wybrzeże Gdańsk and the Polish national team.
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BRAThANKI is a popular Polish folk rock group. They combine Polish, Hungarian and Czech folk elements with rock music.
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Bolesław Prus The Barrel Organ ("Katarynka" in Polish) is an 1880 short story by the Polish writer Bolesław Prus.
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Zofia Helman (born 8 March 1937) is a Polish musicologist and an honorary member of the Polish Composers' Union.
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Wincenty Lutosławski, 1885 Wincenty Lutosławski (1863–1954) was a Polish philosopher, author, and member of the Polish National League.
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Bartosz Gawryszewski (born 22 August 1985) is a Polish volleyball player, a member of the Polish club MKS Będzin.
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Bartłomiej Żynel (born 9 April 1998) is a Polish football player. He plays for Polish Ekstraklasa club Wisła Płock.
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Magdalena Banecka (born 11 February 1980) is a Polish volleyball player who played in the Polish Women's Volleyball League.
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The Polish Coalition () is a political coalition created by the Polish People's Party. It is Christian democratic and centrist.
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Blask Szminki (Polish for glitter of a lipstick) is an album released by Polish punk rock band The Analogs.
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Saint Brother Albert Chmielowski Polish Mission () is the parish church of a Polish mission located in San Jose, California.
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The first Polish film studio established in Warsaw in 1901 was named after this camera in its Polish spelling.
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Mateusz Wróbel (born 7 March 1993) is a Polish handball player for Wybrzeże Gdańsk and the Polish national team.
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However, despite Kowalik's preeminence among Polish economists, in Polish politics his voice was consistently drowned and his views marginalized.
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Stanisław Makowiejew (born 17 May 1991) is a Polish handball player for Chrobry Głogów and the Polish national team.
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Katarzyna Janiszewska (born 26 October 1995) is a Polish handball player for Paris 92 and the Polish national team.
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Klaudia Pielesz (born 25 October 1988) is a Polish handball player for Zagłębie Lubin and the Polish national team.
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Adrian Buchowski (born 30 September 1991) is a Polish volleyball player, a member of the Polish club GKS Katowice.
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Bartłomiej Grzechnik (born 8 February 1993) is a Polish volleyball player, a member of the Polish club Czarni Radom.
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Michał Kędzierski (born 9 August 1994) is a Polish volleyball player, a member of the Polish club Czarni Radom.
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Piątek (Polish pronunciation: ) is a surname and placename meaning "Friday" in Polish. Piontek and Piatek are common spelling variants.
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Tomasz Rosiński (born 24 February 1984) is a former Polish handball player who played for the Polish national team.
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Oskar Zawada (born 1 February 1996) is a Polish football forward who currently plays for Polish club Wisła Płock.
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Zły (Polish for evil), was a Polish magazine that was created by Małgorzata Daniszewska, the wife of Jerzy Urban.
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Paweł Szwajdych (born July 5, 1983 in Kraków) is a Polish midfielder who plays for Polish side Puszcza Niepołomice.
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Karol Bielecki (born 23 January 1982) is a former Polish handball player who played for the Polish national team.
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Harrison was a populist Democrat.Kantowicz, Edward. “The Emergence of the Polish-Democratic Vote in Chicago.” Polish American Studies, vol.
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The majority of the shooting victims were ethnically Polish, but not all (with several others belonging to various minority groups from the Kresy macro-region, ex. Ruthenians) these groups in the Soviet worldview had some element of Polish culture or heritage, and were therefore also "Polish". The remainder were 'suspected' of being Polish, without further inquiry, or classed as possibly having pro-Polish sympathies. In order to speed up the process, the NKVD personnel reviewed local telephone books and arrested persons with Polish-sounding names.
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Józef JaliczJozef Jaklicz (1894–1974) was a soldier of the Austro-Hungarian Army and the Polish Legions in World War I, and officer of the Polish Army in the Second Polish Republic, nominated to the rank of General brygady. He fought in World War I, Polish–Soviet War, Polish–Ukrainian War and the Invasion of Poland. Jaklicz was born on 17 September 1894 in Kraków. After graduation from high school, he studied philosophy at the Jagiellonian University, and was active member of the Polish Sokol movement.
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Pope John Paul II with President Clinton, 1993. The status of Poles across the world was elevated by his election to the papacy During the 1970s, Polish Americans began to take pride in their ethnicity and identified with their Polish roots. Pins and T-shirts reading "Kiss me I'm Polish" and "Polish Power" began selling in the 1960s, and Polish polka experienced a growing popularity. In 1972, 1.1 million more people reported Polish ethnicity to the U.S. Census Bureau than they had only 3 years earlier.
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Those without a right to Polish citizenship were considered to have only "Polish origins" but not citizenship. Thus, not all ethnic Poles could claim Polish citizenship if they had left Poland before the country became an independent state in 1918. Also, there can be no break in Polish citizenship between the emigrant ancestor and the descendant. If the applicant's ancestor lost Polish citizenship, such as by becoming a citizen of another country before 1951, the descendant did not inherit Polish citizenship through that ancestor.
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Marriage to a Polish citizen does not constitute a sufficient basis for Polish citizenship. To obtain Polish citizenship, a foreigner must remain married to a Polish citizen for a period of at least 3 years and has stayed in Poland legally and uninterruptedly for at least 2 years under a permanent residence permit, and their knowledge of Polish language is documented. However, to obtain a permanent residence permit, the foreigner must first obtain a temporary residence permit based on marriage to a Polish citizen.
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Ch has been used in the Polish language to represent the "soft h" as it is pronounced in the Polish word chleb "bread", and the h to represent "hard h", where it is distinct, as it is pronounced in the Polish word hak "hook". Between World War I and World War II, the Polish intelligentsia used to exaggerate the "hardness" of the hard Polish h to aid themselves in proper spelling. In most present-day Polish dialects, however, ch and h are uniformly collapsed as .
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Creation of parallel Polish and Russian dialogue centres was decided during President Medvedev's visit to Poland in December 2010.Wprost, Stworzenie Centrum Polsko-Rosyjskiego Dialogu ma poparcie sejmowej większości The Polish Centre for Polish-Russian Dialogue and Understanding supports cooperation of youth from both countries. Russia has created parallel foundation called The Russian-Polish Center for Dialogue and Understanding,Foundation "Russian-Polish Center for Dialogue and Concord" (Фонд «Российско-польский центр диалога и согласия»), 2014, archived homepage. which does not fully cooperate with the Polish Centre.
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Polish 6th Infantry Division () was a unit of the Polish Army in the interbellum period, which fought in the Polish–Ukrainian War, Polish–Soviet War and Polish September Campaign. It was formed on May 9, 1919, in the area around Kraków, its first commandant was Colonel Ignacy Pick. Between 1919 and 1920, the unit fought Ukrainian troops in eastern part of former Galicia. Then, it participated in the Polish–Soviet War, halting the advance of Soviet First Mounted Army led by General Semyon Budyonny.
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Archive of polish medicals As a dentist he worked inter alia in Jędrzejów. In 1932 he invented the double propeller.Description of the double propeller He was officer (rank: lieutenant) of the Polish Armed Forces.List of the polish officers on the website of the museum of the Polish Armed Forces in Warsaw As a dentist he took part in the Polish-Soviet War being a member of the 9th Infantry Division.
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Thaddeus V. Gromada is a Polish-American historian. He is a professor emeritus of European history at the New Jersey City University, a Former Executive Director and President of the Polish Institute of Arts & Sciences of America (PIASA) and the Polish American Historical Association and a Trustee and Vice Chair of The Kosciuszko Foundation. His scholarly interests are focused on areas such as Polish and Polish-American 20th century history.
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Mug shot made by NKVD after arrest 1940 The tombstone of General Anders at the Polish War Cemetery at Monte Cassino in Italy. The Polish War Cemetery at Monte Cassino in Italy. Władysław Albert Anders (11 August 1892 – 12 May 1970) was a general in the Polish Army and later in life a politician and prominent member of the Polish government-in-exile in London.Władysław Anders, Polish officer.
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After World War II over 2.5 million Polish citizens emigrated to West Germany, most exchanging Polish citizenship for German. However, more than 300,000 people have dual Polish and German citizenship. Although nearly all who emigrated from Poland in their teens or older are still Polish speakers, their children usually speak German only. The number of former Polish citizens and those with dual citizenship living in Germany are estimated at two million.
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A number of fronts were created by the Second Polish Republic from 1918 to 1939, among them being the Polish Southern Front. See :pl:Kategoria:Fronty polskie. In addition, the creation of a Polish Front was considered to group the First and Second Armies of the Polish Armed Forces in the East in 1944, and during the Warsaw Pact period, a Polish Front was created, seemingly as a mobilization-only organization.
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In the same year he was appointed Chairman of the Polish Literary Translators' Association and he held the position for two terms, until 2017. Since 2015 he is also a member of the BRISTOL Association of Polish and Foreign Teachers of Polish Culture and Polish as a Foreign Language, as well as of the Polish Association for Theatre Research. In 2019 he joined Open Republic – Association against Antisemitism and Xenophobia.
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Soon afterwards an elementary school was added to the parish. The Polish Roman Catholic Union (PRCU) and the Polish National Alliance (Dom Polski) are church-affiliated fraternal groups. Civic organizations include the Polish American Citizens Club and three Polish Legion of American Veterans Posts. The Pulaski Memorial Park, named after Kazimierz Pułaski, has served as a focal point of many Polish social activities throughout the years in Wyandotte.
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The Polish Communist Party or the Communist Party of Poland (Polish: Komunistyczna Partia Polski, KPP) is a Polish communist party founded in 2002 claiming to be the historical and ideological heir of the Communist Party of Poland, and the pre-existing Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania. They also refer to the traditions of the Polish Workers' Party and partly of the Polish United Workers' Party.
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History of the Polish Air Force. Polish Air Force Public Affairs Office. Retrieved November 1, 2011. On 2 November 1918 pilot Stefan Bastyr performed the first combat flight of Polish aircraft from Lviv.Morgała (1997), p.97 When the Polish-Soviet War broke out in February 1920, the Polish Air Force used a variety of former German and Austro-Hungarian, as well as newly acquired western-made Allied aircraft.
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Polish Americans are largely assimilated to American society and personal connections to Poland and Polish culture are scarce. Of the 10 million Polish Americans, only about 4% are immigrants; the American-born Poles predominate. Among Poles of single ancestry, about 90% report living in a mixed-ethnic neighborhood, usually with other white ethnics. No congressional district or large city in the United States is predominantly Polish, although several Polish enclaves exist.
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Rawa (Rawicz), is a coat of arms of Polish origin. It was borne by several noble families of Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Russian Empire and Ukraine. The ancestry of first bearers of Rawicz (the Rawici clan) is debated. Version supported by Polish chronicler Jan Długosz points out branch of Czech (Bohemian) Vršovci clan, version supported by Polish heraldist Kasper Niesiecki (as better) says that their origin is pagan Polish.
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Polish dubbing in the first post-war years suffered from poor synchronization. Polish dialogues were not always audible and the cinema equipment of that time often made films sound less clear than they were. In the 1950s, Polish publicists discussed the quality of Polish versions of foreign movies. The number of dubbed movies and the quality improved. Polish dubbing had a golden age between the 1960s and the 1980s.
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Polish dubbing in the first post-war years suffered from poor synchronization. Polish dialogues were not always audible and the cinema equipment of that time often made films sound less clear than they were. In the 1950s, Polish publicists discussed the quality of Polish versions of foreign movies. The number of dubbed movies and the quality improved. Polish dubbing had a golden age between the 1960s and the 1980s.
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The main and most prestigious Polish high school is the Juliusz Słowacki Polish Gymnasium in Český Těšín. Polish classes are open in the Technical School in Karviná, the Economic School in Český Těšín, and the Medical School in Karviná. In the past there were more Polish schools in the area, but the number is historically declining along with the demographic decline in the Polish population as a whole.
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According to the Geneva Conventions, the Polish community was entitled to its own schools, and from 1934 local Poles strove to establish a Polish school. The Germans blocked the establishment of the school, and Polish organizations filed 100 complaints to the German administration before the Polish private gymnasium was finally established on November 10, 1937. Local German press incited the Germans against the Polish school,Maria Wardzyńska, Był rok 1939.
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At the local gymnasium, Polish was taught only two hours a week, in 1815-1820 and 1846-1912, and in 1889 the history of Polish literature was removed from the curriculum, while Polish history was not taught at all.Jerzy Szews, Filomaci chojniccy, "Zeszyty Chojnickie" nr 29, Chojnickie Towarzystwo Przyjaciół Nauk, Chojnice, 2014, p. 41 (in Polish) Probably in 1830 a secret organization of Polish students was established in the local school.
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Bolesław Drobner (born 28 June 1883 in Kraków, died 31 March 1968 in Kraków) was a Polish politician. A member of the Polish Socialist Party, he supported cooperation with the communists. Arrested by the NKVD after the Soviet invasion of Poland, in 1943 he was released. Drobner joined a pro-Soviet Polish communist organization the Union of Polish Patriots and later the Polish Committee of National Liberation (PKWN).
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The zloty lost value, with a reduction of the Polish industrial output. The most-affected area was Polish Upper Silesia, the most developed part of the nation but also the one most dependent on trade with Germany. In November 1925, the government of Władysław Grabski collapsed. Germany also blocked Polish attempts to get a British loan from, as Germany planned to annex Polish territory after the fall of the Polish state.
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Słowacki dedicated his work to Stefan Hołyński. The poem conveys a pessimistic vision of the future of Polish emigration and the fight for the country's independence. It directly alludes to Adam Mickiewicz's Books of the Polish Nation and Polish Pilgrimage by employing stylized biblical prose. It portrays antagonized Polish exiles who are destined for destruction in the realities of Siberia, a place strongly associated with the martyrology of the Polish nation.
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Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce. Intelligenzaktion, IPN, Warszawa, 2009, p. 96 (in Polish) 12 Polish farmers from Bocheń and nearby Guźnia were also murdered that day by Wehrmacht troops near the Rydwan lake, south of Bocheń and Guźnia (see also Nazi crimes against the Polish nation). During the German occupation of Poland the village was an important center of Polish resistance, and even underground Polish press was issued there.
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The Red Army retook Kyiv on 10 June and soon forced the Polish troops back into Poland. On 16 July, the Central Committee decided to take the war into Polish territory. Lenin believed that the Polish proletariat would rise up to support the Russians against Józef Piłsudski's Polish government. Stalin had cautioned against this; he believed that nationalism would lead the Polish working- classes to support their government's war effort.
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Polish-English, English-Polish Dictionary with Complete Phonetics, by Iwo Cyprian Pogonowski, New York, Hippocrene Books, 1990, , 363 pages. His journalistic work includes broadcasts for the Polish far-right Radio Maryja and columns for its sister publication, Nasz Dziennik (Our Daily). He has also written columns in the Polish-American biweekly, Gwiazda Polarna.
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He is a member of B'nai B'rith and was deputy president of its Polish chapter from 2007 to 2012. He was a member of the Polish United Workers Party (the Polish communist party) from 1965 to 1981. From 1980 to 1990 he was a member of the Solidarity (Polish trade union) movement.
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In four book series, the German Historical Institute Warsaw publishes its own and external research findings and source editions on the history of Poland and the history of German-Polish relations. In addition, it publishes studies of German and Polish historiography on European, German and Polish history in German and Polish translation.
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The Polish Protest for the Rights of People with Disabilities 2018 was a protest in Warsaw, Poland, lead by Polish activists with disabilities in response to the inadequate treatment of persons with disabilities by the Polish government. Activists occupied the Polish Parliament for 38 days, while subsequent protests occurred outside the parliament building.
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Meritorious member of ZPAP. The author of programmes promoting Polish print: Polish Eagles, Icon Data, The Best Diploma. The initiator and coeditor of electronic publication series “Directory of Print – CD ROM”, anthology of Polish Print “Polish Print 1950–2000 Winners of International Exhibitions”. The initiator of International Print Network Kraków – Vienna – Oldenburg.
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The church was built in 1924 and became the center of religious and social life for the Polish immigrants in the city of Virginia. It was consecrated by the first Polish bishop in the United States, Paul Peter Rhode. The church was also used by nonreligious Polish organizations, including the Polish National Alliance.
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The champions were Pogoń Lwów, who won their 2nd Polish title. By the PZPN decision, the next Polish championships were not to take place until 1925, because the Polish championships in 1924 were abandoned as a result of preparations of the Polish national team to participate in the 1924 Olympic Football Tournament.
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Józef Konstanty Olszyna-Wilczyński (27 November 1890 – 22 September 1939) was a Polish general and one of the high-ranking commanders of the Polish Army. A veteran of World War I, the Polish-Ukrainian War and the Polish-Soviet War, he was executed by the Soviets during the Invasion of Poland of 1939.
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No. 316 "City of Warsaw" Polish Fighter Squadron () was a Polish fighter squadron formed in Great Britain as part of an agreement between the Polish Government in Exile and the United Kingdom in 1941. It was one of several Polish fighter squadrons fighting alongside the Royal Air Force during World War II.
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Members of the Polish public commonly hold the mistaken belief that Vietnamese form Poland's largest foreign community, a title which in fact belongs to migrants from the former USSR. (in Polish) The Vietnamese-Polish population is concentrated in the Polish capital of Warsaw, and to a lesser extent in other major cities.
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Andrzej Stanisław Zoll (born 27 May 1942) is a Polish lawyer, former judge and president of the Polish Constitutional Tribunal, former Polish Ombudsman, former president of the State Electoral Commission, former president of the Legislative Council, co-author of the Polish Penal Code of 1997. Professor of criminal law at the Jagiellonian University.
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Internationally, the best known Polish science-fiction writer is the late Stanisław Lem. As elsewhere, Polish science fiction is closely related to the genres of fantasy, horror and others. While many English-language writers have been translated into Polish, relatively little Polish-language science fiction (or fantasy) has been translated into English.
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Polish Jews took part in the November Insurrection of 1830–1831, the January Insurrection of 1863, as well as in the revolutionary movement of 1905. Many Polish Jews were enlisted in the Polish Legions, which fought for the Polish independence, achieved in 1918 when the occupying forces disintegrated following World War One.
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In 1912, Wiktor Kulerski founded the Polish Catholic Peasant Party in the city, which aimed at protecting the local Polish populationDzieje Wielkopolski: Lata 1793–1918, Jerzy Topolski, Wydawn. Poznańskie 1973, page 503, In 1913, the Polish Gazeta Grudziądzka reached a circulation of 128,000, making it the third largest Polish newspaper in the world.
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Brazil–Poland relations refers to the bilateral relations between Brazil and Poland. Over 800,000 Brazilians are of Polish descent making Brazil the second country with the largest Polish community abroad (after the United States).Polish Brazilians remember their cultureBeginnings of Polish emigration onto Brazil Both nations are members of the United Nations.
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After a few hours, the Polish and Russian artillery quieted. Within 12 hours with Russian-backed artillery fire, the infantry began advancing onto the Polish centre. Under mass artillery fire and a Russian attack, panic was induced among the Polish recruits who began escaping. After some time, Józef Poniatowski reviewed the Polish position.
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No. 317 "City of Wilno" Polish Fighter Squadron () was a Polish fighter squadron formed in Great Britain as part of an agreement between the Polish Government in Exile and the United Kingdom in 1941. It was one of several Polish fighter squadrons fighting alongside the Royal Air Force during World War II.
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Polish syllabic verse is similar to French. The most common lengths are the thirteen-syllable line ("trzynastozgłoskowiec" or "Polish alexandrine"), the eleven-syllable line ("jedenastozgłoskowiec") and eight-syllable line ("ośmiozgłoskowiec"). The rules of Polish verse were established in the 16th century. Polish metrics were strongly influenced by Latin, Italian, and French poetry.
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Entry at Internetowa encyklopedia PWN. Last accessed on 27 October 2006. Eruptions of Polish–Ukrainian War, Polish–Czechoslovak War, Polish–Lithuanian War and Polish–Soviet War, which Poland annexed many territories, including Lithuania's capital Vilnius, dented any hope for a possible Intermarium federation, even after Piłsudski overthrew the civilian government in 1926.
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No. 302 (City of Poznan) Polish Fighter Squadron RAF () was a Polish fighter squadron formed in Great Britain as part of an agreement between the Polish Government in Exile and the United Kingdom in 1940. It was one of several Polish fighter squadrons fighting alongside the Royal Air Force during World War II.
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Wacław Teofil Stachiewicz (19 November 1894 – 12 November 1973) was a Polish writer, geologist, military commander and a general of the Polish Army. Brother to General Julian Stachiewicz and husband to Gen. Roman Abraham's sister, Stachiewicz was the Chief of General Staff of the Polish Army during the Polish Defensive War of 1939.
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Noted students include harpsichordist Wanda Landowska, Polish pianist and composer Ignace Jan Paderewski, Polish composer Mieczysław Karłowicz, American composer Fannie Charles Dillon, American composer Maurice Arnold Strothotte and Polish musicologist Henryk Opieński. He died in Berlin.
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Entrance to the Polish Theatre in Szczecin (2009). The Polish Theatre in Szczecin (Polish: Teatr Polski w Szczecinie) is a repertory theatre in Szczecin (Poland), established in 1946 in the building of a former masonic lodge.
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Pierwsza komunia, drugie śniadanie, trzecia Rzeczpospolita - (Polish First Communion, second breakfast, third Rzeczpospolita, second breakfast is a Polish idiom for lunch) is a studio album released by the Polish punk rock band Big Cyc in 1997.
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Spalam się (Polish I'm burning up) is the first solo album of Polish musician Kazik. It is the first hip hop style album in Polish rock music history. It was released on CD and compact cassette.
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For similar reasons, plans for a Polish–Lithuanian–Muscovite Commonwealth also were never realized, although during the Polish–Muscovite War (1605–18) the Polish Prince (later, King) Władysław IV Waza was briefly elected Tsar of Muscovy.
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In 1996 the institute was reactivated, this time under the name Polish Institute of International Affairs. PISM is funded principally from the Polish state budget and it works closely with the Polish foreign and defense ministries.
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Piotr Balcerzak (born 25 June 1975 in Warsaw) is a former Polish sprint athlete. He achieved the most success with the Polish 4 x 100 meters relay. He is married to another Polish sprinter, Joanna Niełacna.
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Topór (Polish for "axe") is a Polish coat of arms. It was used by several szlachta (noble) families in medieval Poland and under the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.Alfred Znamierowski: Herbarz rodowy. Warszawa: Świat Książki, 2004, s. 171. .
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Marek Sząszor (Polish pronunciation: ; born 28 August 1970) is a Polish former competitive figure skater. He is a two-time Polish national champion (1990, 1993). After retiring from competition, he became a skating coach in Gdańsk.
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Stanisław Jan Konturek (8 October 1931 – 8 August 2019) was a Polish physiologist and gastroenterologist, a member of the Polish Academy of Sciences and the Polish Academy of Learning, and professor of Jagiellonian University Collegium Medicum.
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Eugenia Pragierowa née Berke (14 July 1888 – 5 May 1964) was a lawyer, Polish socialist activist, feminist, and a politician representing the Polish Socialist Party and the Polish United Workers' Party and high ranking civil servant.
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Polish artillery supporting Polish, US and Afghan forces in Afghanistan Two DANAs were destroyed and two captured in the 2008 Russo-Georgian War. Five Polish guns had been used in Afghanistan in Ghazni Province since 2008.
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Polish uses its own convention for transliteration of Cyrillic according to which ж is transliterated with the Polish letter ż (which is pronounced in Polish). Ж is often transliterated in Mongolian because of its pronunciation as .
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The earliest manifestations of Polish nationalism, and conscious discussions of what it means to be a citizen of the Polish nation, can be traced back to the 17th or 18th centuries, with some scholars going as far back as the 13th century. Early Polish nationalism, or protonationalism, was related to the Polish- Lithuanian identity, represented primarily by the Polish nobility (szlachta), and their cultural values (such as the Golden Freedoms and Sarmatism). It was founded on civic, republican ideas. This early form of Polish nationalism begun to fray and transform with the destruction of the Polish state in the late 18th century partitions of Poland. Modern Polish nationalism arose as a movement in the late 18th and early 19th centuries amongst Polish activists who promoted a Polish national consciousness while rejecting cultural assimilation into the dominant cultures of Austria, Prussia and Russia, the three empires which partitioned and conquered the regions of Poland which they then resided in.
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Great Synagogue during the appeal of the fallen, organized by the Union of Jewish fighters for the Polish independence. Baruch Steinberg was born on 17 December 1897 in the town of Przemyślany (now Peremyshliany, Ukraine) to a Polish Jewish family with tradition of rabbinical service (his father and grandfather were rabbis and three of his brothers would also become rabbis). During the First World War his family moved to Vienna; there in 1916 he was elected a rabbi, passing the required examinations in the following year and returning to Przemyślany. He joined the Polish Military Organisation, providing services for Polish Jewish soldiers. In November 1918 he volunteered to join Polish forces in the Polish- Ukrainian war, he fought alongside the Polish forces in the battle of Lwów and remained on the frontlines until Polish forces took control of Przemyślany in May 1919.Major Baruch Steinberg, Chief Rabbi of the Polish Army, with Polish Army officers, presumably Jewish, at the Postępowa [Progressive] Synagogue, Kraków, on 5 September 1935.
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Polish store along Pulaski Rd. in Jackowo While Milwaukee Avenue has been a route of chain migration for various ethnicities, it is particularly associated with Chicago's Poles who have dominated vast areas of the city which Milwaukee Avenue cuts through. Numerous Polish Patches dotted the cityscape in its vicinity, from Polish Downtown near Polonia Triangle through the Polish Village in Avondale and the adjacent Villa District which journalist Mike Royko christened as "Polish Kenilworth". The street was once used as part of the route for the Polish Constitution Day Parade as well as Pope John Paul II's 1979 visit to Chicago. Numerous Polish churches, shops, and cultural organizations such as the Copernicus Foundation, the Chopin Theatre, the Society for Arts, and the Polish Daily News still make their home along Milwaukee Avenue, continuing its Polish presence to the present day.
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Gen. Józef Dowbor-Muśnicki and officers of the headquarters of the Polish I Corps in Russia in 1918 The Polish Corps were formations organized around the time of the Russian Revolution, grouping together Polish units and focusing on protecting Polish people. Korpusy Polskie, WIEM Encyklopedia Polish I Corps in Russia was a Polish military formation formed in Belarus, in August 1917 in the aftermath of the Russian Revolution of 1917, from soldiers of Polish origin serving in the Russian Army. Its goal was to defend Poles inhabiting parts of Poland under Russian partitions and support the formation of independent Poland. The Corps was formed at the initiative of the Chief Polish Military Committee, a Polish faction in the revolutionary and split Russian Empire military. It was commanded by general Józef Dowbor-Muśnicki, and numbered about 29,000 soldiers.
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Polish forces held Kostiuchnówka, and due to their successes in defending their positions, several landmarks in the Kostiuchnówka region became known as "Polish" (called such by Polish as well as by allied German-speaking troops): a key hill overlooking the area became the Polish Hill (Polish: Polska Góra), a nearby forest – the Polish Forest (Polski Lasek), a nearby bridge over the Garbach – the Polish Bridge (Polski Mostek), and the key fortified trench line – Piłsudski's Redoubt (Reduta Piłsudskiego). Polish soldiers built several large wooden camps; the larger of which was known as Legionowo (where the Polish HQ was located). During the preceding late autumn, winter and spring there were no major moves by either side, but this changed drastically with the launching of the Brusilov Offensive in June 1916. It would be a major Russian victory, and the greatest of Austro-Hungarian defeats.
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Leszczyński ( , ; plural: Leszczyńscy, feminine form: Leszczyńska) was a prominent Polish noble family. They were magnates in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
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Jędrzej Gruszczyński (born 13 November 1997) is a Polish volleyball player, a member of the Polish club Indykpol AZS Olsztyn.
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Krucina is a Polish coat of arms. It was used by the Korniakt family (szlachta) in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
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Patryk Wajda (born May 20, 1988) is a Polish ice hockey player for Cracovia Kraków and the Polish national team.
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Marcin Dziewulski (born 24 October 1982 in Tarnowskie Góry) is a Polish footballer who plays for Polish club Ruch Radzionków.
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Polish, Czech, Slovak, Slovene, Croatian), the term simply translates to 'Jew' (e.g. Polish: żyd) and is thus not a pejorative.
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German militias carried out numerous beatings of Polish activists, scouts and even mailmen, as "punishment" for distributing the Polish press.
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The 2005 Polish Film Awards ran on March 5, 2005. It was the 7th edition of Polish Film Awards: Eagles.
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Michał Filip (born 31 August 1994) is a Polish volleyball player, a member of the Polish club Stal Nysa, PlusLiga.
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Konrad Cebula (born March 22, 1983 in Kraków) is a Polish footballer currently under contract for Polish side Limanovia Limanowa.
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Przemysław Stępień (born 7 February 1994) is a Polish volleyball player, a member of the Polish club Indykpol AZS Olsztyn.
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Mateusz Czunkiewicz (born 16 December 1996) is a Polish volleyball player, a member of the Polish club Ślepsk Suwałki, PlusLiga.
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The Polish Academy Audience Award is an annual award given by audience to the best Polish film of the year.
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The Polish Academy Award for Best Actress is an annual award given to the best lead actress in Polish picture.
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After the war he was an editor of several Polish newspapers and the Secretary General of the Polish Literary Society.
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Trzywdar is a Polish coat of arms used by several szlachta families in the times of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
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Dennis Szczęsny (born 22 November 1993) is a Polish/German handball player for TUSEM Essen and the Polish national team.
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Grzegorz Bociek (born 6 June 1991) is a Polish volleyball player, a member of Warta Zawiercie, Polish Champion (2016, 2017).
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The Polish Culture Society of Edmonton is a society based in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, supporting the development of Polish culture.
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Antoni Kraszewski (1797-1870) was a Polish politician and parliamentarian. He was a member of the Polish National Committee (1848).
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Bartosz Soćko (born 10 November 1978 in Piaseczno, Poland) is a Polish chess Grandmaster. In 2008 Soćko became Polish champion.
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Krzysztof Rejno (born 22 February 1993) is a Polish volleyball player, a member of ZAKSA Kędzierzyn-Koźle, Polish Champion 2016).
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New Haven: Yale University Press. pg. 116 Polish was taught in schools and Kiev and Chernihiv hosted Polish printing-houses.
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Tomasz Wacek (born 30 August 1976 in Rymanów) is a Polish defender who plays for Polish Orange Ekstraklasa side Cracovia.
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Maciej Kuciapa (born November 23, 1975 in Ropczyce, Poland(pl) Polish Wikipedia - 28 Dec 2007.) is a Polish speedway rider.
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Around half lives in Helsinki, and the biggest Polish organization there is the Polish Association, founded on April 3, 1917.
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About 150,000 Polish soldiers and their dependents settled in the United Kingdom, forming a significant part of the Polish community.
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It was the primary Polish air force formation within the Polish Armed Forces in the East during World War II.
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Lis (Polish for "Fox") is a Polish coat of arms. It was used by many noble families of Clan Lis.
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Andrzej Mieczysław Juskowiak (born 3 November 1970) is a former Polish football striker who played for the Polish national team.
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Druck is a Polish coat of arms. It was used by several szlachta (noble) families under the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
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189-191 (in Polish). Thus iambic pentameter in Polish is not 10-syllable long but almost always 11-syllable long.
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Jacek Jędruch (Warsaw, Poland, 1927 - Athens, Greece, 1995) was a Polish- American nuclear engineer and historian of Polish representative government.
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Magdalena Sadowska (born 26 August 1979 Świdnica) is a Polish volleyball player who played in the Polish Women's Volleyball League.
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Bartłomiej Lemański (born 19 March 1996) is a Polish volleyball player, a member of the Polish club Stal Nysa, PlusLiga.
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Gazeta Polska (literally: "Polish Newspaper") is a Polish language right-wing to far-right weekly news magazine published in Poland.
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Józef Jeka was a Polish fighter ace of the Polish Air Force in World War II with 8 confirmed kills.
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That spelling matches Polish, which uses to represent a very similar sound. Russian is used to transliterate Polish into Cyrillic: ().
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Izabela Prudzienica (born 27 May 1985) is a Polish handball player for Energa AZS Koszalin and the Polish national team.
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Adam Hrycaniuk (born March 15, 1984) is a Polish professional basketball player for Arka Gdynia of the Polish Basketball League.
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Anna Maria Żukowska (born June 11, 1983) is a Polish politician who in 2019 was elected to the Polish Sejm.
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The Polish 7th Pomeranian Coastal Defence Brigade is a mechanized infantry brigade of the Polish Land Forces (based at Słupsk).
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Michał Adamuszek (born 29 April 1986) is a Polish handball player for NMC Górnik Zabrze and the Polish national team.
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Maciej Pilitowski (born 27 October 1990) is a Polish handball player for Energa MKS Kalisz and the Polish national team.
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Szymon Sićko (born 20 August 1997) is a Polish handball player for Łomża Vive Kielce and the Polish national team.
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Agnieszka Kocela (born 17 January 1988) is a Polish handball player for SPR Lublin SSA and the Polish national team.
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Bartłomiej Kalinkowski (born 11 July 1994) is a Polish football midfielder who currently plays for the Polish club ŁKS Łódź.
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Mateusz Wieteska (born 11 February 1997) is a Polish football defender who currently plays for the Polish club Legia Warsaw.
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Wojciech Ferens (born 5 April 1991) is a Polish volleyball player, a member of the Polish club Cuprum Lubin, PlusLiga.
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Jan Nowakowski (born 17 May 1994) is a Polish volleyball player, a member of the Polish club GKS Katowice, PlusLiga.
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Mieczysław Pałasiński, 2005. Technology of Carbohydrate Processing (in Polish). Polish Society of Food Technologists, Małopolska Branch, Kraków, p. 63 - 76.
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Paweł Halaba (born 14 December 1995) is a Polish volleyball player, a member of the Polish club Warta Zawiercie, PlusLiga.
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Mateusz Jeleń (born 18 September 1988 in Kraków) is a Polish midfielder who plays for Polish Orange Ekstraklasa side Cracovia.
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Kamil Karcz (born August 19, 1986 in Poland) is a Polish midfielder who plays for Polish Orange Ekstraklasa side Cracovia.
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Positions of Polish and German forces in Silesia before the war began The town of Katowice was located close to the Polish-German border at the time. Given the growing Polish–German tensions, local Polish activists, mainly former Silesian insurgents and youths from the Polish Boy and Girl Scouting, started to organize self-defense militia units by the end of August 1939. The Polish militia commander from 1 September was Jan Faks. The town was within the operational area of the Polish Kraków Army, but the Polish Army high command decided to abandon the city, with government officials, police forces, regular army units and some support formations, including elements of local militia, evacuating by 2 September, with some militia retreating on the following day.
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Soon, the Polish population increased massively, which produced rowhomes with their notable marble steps, and creation of Saint Adalbert Church, which was built in Polish Cathedral style. Today, there are a number of restaurants and stores in the area of Richmond Street and Allegheny Avenue that cater to the Polish-American community. The Krakus Market on Richmond Street offers a large selection of Polish and Eastern European foods, including a variety of kiebasy, Polish canned goods, Polish newspapers and various types of Polish pastries, such as Babka, Chrusciki and Paczki. Philadelphia’s award-winning Polish American String Band which marches in the Mummers Parade down Broad Street on New Year’s Day, sometimes marches and struts through the neighborhood, as on Port Richmond’s Memorial Day celebration.
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New York Polish Film Festival (abbreviated to NYPFF, Polish: Nowojorski Festiwal Filmów Polskich) is a film festival held annually in New York City since 2005. Its mission is to present and promote Polish cinema in the United States, to expose an American audience to Polish films, as well as to offer Polish filmmakers a rare opportunity to showcase their works in a major cultural center such as New York. Each year the festival presents acclaimed selections of features, short films, animations and documentaries of Polish filmmakers regardless of the country where films were made. NYPFF is the only annual presentation of Polish films in New York City and the largest festival promoting and presenting Polish films on the East Coast.
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The 1977–78 I liga was the 52nd season of the Polish Football Championship and the 44th season of the I liga, the top Polish professional league for association football clubs, since its establishment in 1927. The league was operated by the Polish Football Association (PZPN). The champions were Wisła Kraków, who won their 5th Polish title and 6th Polish league title (in the 1951 season Wisła Kraków finished in the first position and became the league champion, but in that season, the I liga was not a competition for the title of the Polish Champion. Before the season Polish Football Association decided that Champion of Poland title will be awarded to the winner of the Polish Cup, which was later Ruch Chorzów).
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Kuter pościgowy Batory, TBiU nr. 28 series. Wydawnictwo MON. Warsaw 1974 (in Polish) In 1949 she captured a West German fishing boat on the Polish waters, commissioned next to the Polish Border Defence Army as DP-53.
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Depositary () is a 2014 Polish short documentary film. The film was broadcast by the Polish 24-hour news channel TVN24 and shown at the 27th Polish Film Festival, Chicago and Media Festival “Man in Danger” in Lodz.
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Francis Piatek, Jr. was born in 1944 in Chicago into a Polish- and Swedish-American family.Bojko, Szymon. Polish-American and Polish Artists in Contemporary American Art, Oficyna Wydawnicza Kucharski, 2007, p. 249–55. Retrieved August 2, 2019.
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Klaudia Kaczorowska (born 20 December 1988) is a Polish volleyball player, a member of Poland women's national volleyball team and Polish club PGE Atom Trefl Sopot, bronze medalist of European Championship 2009, and Polish Champion (2011, 2013).
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The Polish novel Przedwiośnie (a title translated alternatively as First Spring, The Review of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Volume 24. Page 10. Publisher: Polska Akademia Nauk (Polish Academy of Sciences), Zakład Narodowy Imienia Ossolińskich "Ossolineum", 1980.
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Michael Alfred PeszkeMichael Alfred Peszke (19 December 1932 – 17 May 2015) was a Polish-American psychiatrist and historian of the Polish Armed Forces in World War II."Peszke, Michael Alfred," Who's Who in Polish America, p. 352.
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It was the second oldest Polish newspaper, after the Merkuriusz Polski Ordynaryjny. The publication has been praised for the high quality of the Polish language used, and for its significant contribution the history of the Polish press.
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Coat of arms of Sapieha family Eustachy Kajetan Sapieha (2 August 1881 – 20 February 1963) was a Polish nobleman, prince of the Sapieha family, politician, Polish Minister of Foreign Affairs, and deputy to the Polish parliament (Sejm).
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Polish irredentism also sparked controversy regarding Polish historical claims of Vilnius, the current capital of Lithuania, with the thought that since the city was part of Poland dated from the Commonwealth to even the Second Polish Republic.
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Polish Fathers want a rebuttable presumption for shared parenting in Polish law. There is a project of new law actually being prepared. The Polish Parliament should pass it shortly. Active Fathers organizations are Stowarzyszenie Prawo Dziecka DzielnyTata.
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The PLK Best Polish Player award is an annual award in the Polish PLK that is given to the best player with a Polish nationality. Players, coaches and press members vote for the winner of the award.
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Mieczysław Sylwester Garsztka (31 December 1896 - 10 June 1919) was a Polish pilot and a flying ace of the German air force during World War I and later the Polish air force during the Polish-Ukrainian War.
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Uniform of soldier of Polish Independent Carpathian Rifle Brigade SBSK insignia Upload of Polish Independent Carpathian Rifle Brigade in Alexandria for its trip to Tobruk Polish Independent Carpathian Brigade (Polish Samodzielna Brygada Strzelców Karpackich, SBSK) was a Polish military unit formed in 1940 in French Syria composed of the Polish soldiers exiled after the invasion of Poland in 1939 as part of the Polish Army in France. It was commanded by General Stanisław Kopański. The division fought with distinction in the North African Campaign of World War II, notably during the Siege of Tobruk. In 1942 it formed the backbone of the 3rd Carpathian Rifle Division.
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It features displays of folk art, costumes, historical artifacts and paintings, as well as bilingual research library with particular focus on achievements of the people of Polish heritage in America.Smithsonian Magazine, Polish American Museum at Smithsonian.comJames Barron, the New York Times, If you're thinking of living in:; Port Washington Published: August 8, 1982 There is also the Polish Cultural Institute and Museum of Winona, Minnesota, known informally as "The Polish Museum of Winona." Formally established in 1979 by Father Paul Breza, the Polish Museum of Winona features exhibits pertaining to Winona's Kashubian Polish culture and hosts a wide range of events celebrating America's Polish-American heritage in general.
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Orlęta is an ensemble of young performers mainly, though not exclusively, of Polish descent. The group was formed by the Lower Hutt Polish School, Wellington in 1994 and sits under the auspices of the Polish Association of New Zealand. The purpose of the dance ensemble is to promote a sense of identity among young Polish New Zealanders with their Polish heritage through awareness of the Polish language, customs and tradition and offer the greater Wellington community a chance to experience Polish folkloric song and dance. Orlęta have two choreographers for the three groups – Adela Jones for Lower Hutt, and Juliet Rombel for Wellington and Preschool Orlęta.
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However, these Germanisation policies were not at all successful. In contrast, it led to the political awakening of many Poles and to the establishment of a wealth of Polish economic, political and cultural associations which were aimed at preserving Polish culture and Polish interests, especially in the Province of Posen and in the Ruhr area. The policy of forced cultural Germanisation alienated large parts of the Polish-speaking population against the German authorities and produced nationalistic sentiments on both sides. "P" badge introduced by Nazi Germany for Polish forced workers After the First World War, the predominantly Polish provinces had to be ceded to the newly created Polish Republic.
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When Stephen Báthory, a Transylvanian-Hungarian prince, was elected King of Poland in 1576, he reorganised the Polish-Lithuanian Hussars of his Royal Guard along Hungarian lines, making them a heavy formation, equipped with a long lance as their main weapon. By the reign of King Stephen Báthory, the hussars had replaced medieval-style lancers in the Polish–Lithuanian army, and they now formed the bulk of the Polish cavalry. By the 1590s, most Polish–Lithuanian hussar units had been reformed along the same 'heavy', Hungarian model. Due to the same resemblance, the Polish heavy hussars came with their own style, the Polish winged hussars or Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth winged husaria.
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Examples of loanwords include German Grenze (border), Dutch and Afrikaans grens from Polish granica; German Peitzker from Polish piskorz (weatherfish); German Zobel, French zibeline, Swedish sobel, and English sable from Polish soból; and ogonek ("little tail") — the word describing a diacritic hook-sign added below some letters in various alphabets. "Szmata," a Polish, Slovak and Ruthenian word for "mop" or "rag", became part of Yiddish. The Polish language exerted significant lexical influence upon Ukrainian, particularly in the fields of abstract and technical terminology; for example, the Ukrainian word panstvo (country) is derived from Polish . The extent of Polish influence is particularly noticeable in Western Ukrainian dialects.
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There are significant numbers of Polish speakers among Polish emigrants and their descendants in many other countries. In the United States, Polish Americans number more than 11 million but most of them cannot speak Polish fluently. According to the 2000 United States Census, 667,414 Americans of age five years and over reported Polish as the language spoken at home, which is about 1.4% of people who speak languages other than English, 0.25% of the US population, and 6% of the Polish-American population. The largest concentrations of Polish speakers reported in the census (over 50%) were found in three states: Illinois (185,749), New York (111,740), and New Jersey (74,663).
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Born on 28 September 1896 in Łódź, Lipiński was involved in the scouting movement from 1911 and joined the paramilitary Polish Rifle Squads in 1912. Wacław Lipiński (1896-1949) He was a member of the Polish Legions in World War I, where he fought in the battles of Łowczówek, Konary and battle of Kostiuchnówk. Piłsudczycy, footnote 12 He then joined the precursor of the Polish intelligence service, the Polish Military Organisation. In 1918 he joined the regular Polish Army and fought in the battle of Lwów of the Polish- Ukrainian War and then in the Polish-Soviet War (1919-1921), taking part in the Vilna offensive.
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Many translations of Polish literary works into Mongolian were published, although they were usually translated indirectly, through the Russian language. Especially a large number of Polish children's literature was translated into Mongolian. However, most of these texts were published in magazines and not as books. Some Mongolian citizens studied Polish philology at Polish universities.
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In 1939, World War II began and Poland was conquered by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union. The government of the Polish Republic went into exile. In 1942, Polish communists in German- occupied Poland established a new Polish communist party, the Polish Workers' Party (Polska Partia Robotnicza, PPR). Władysław Gomułka soon became its leader.
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The OUN equated Ukrainian independence with ethnic homogeneity; the Polish presence had to be removed completely. By February 1943 the OUN began a deliberate campaign of killing Polish civilians. OUN forces targeted Polish villages, prompting the formation of Polish self- defense units (e.g., the Przebraże Defence) and fights between the Home Army and the OUN.
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The Association of Polish Architects was established in 1934, but traces its history to earlier institutions, such as the Krakow Technological Association (1877) and the Polish Architects' Delegation (1908). It is a merger of the Polish Architects Association, established in Warsaw in 1926, and the Union of Polish Architects' Associations, established in Poznan in 1929.
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Iskander Mirza Huzman Beg Sulkiewicz (December 8, 1867 – September 18, 1916),Jan Dzięgielewski, Jacek Biernacki, "Encyklopedia historii Polski: N-Ż" (Encyclopedia of Polish History: N-Ż), Morex, 1995, pg. 432, known as Aleksander Sulkiewicz, was a Polish politician of Lipka Tatar ethnicity who campaigned for Polish independence and co-founded the Polish Socialist Party.
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When he tried again to resign in 1932, the Polish Government decided that Danzig-Polish policies would be made in Warsaw, not in Danzig. From 1932 to 1939, he was the President of the Central Organisation of Polish Industries. After the 1939 German invasion of Poland, Strasburger became part of the Polish government in exile.
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Sketches from a Secret War: A Polish Artist's Mission to Liberate Soviet Ukraine. Yale University Press. 2007. pp. 156–157, 176. Despite the ethnic Ukrainian lands being overpopulated and Ukrainian farmers being in need of land, the Polish government's land reforms gave land from large Polish estates not to local villagers but to Polish colonists.
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Efforts to bring food relief failed. Both sides needed Polish soldiers, and had to make promises to get them. In 1918, Polish independence was promoted by both sides as proof of their morally superior vision for the postwar world.Mieczyslaw B. Biskupski, "War and the Diplomacy of Polish Independence, 1914–18." Polish Review (1990): 5–17.
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This type of nail polish is a clear colored polish formula that is used specifically after applying nail polish to the nail. It forms a hardened barrier for the nail that can prevent chipping, scratching and peeling. Many topcoats are marketed as "quick-drying." Topcoats can help the underlying colored polish dry quickly as well.
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Ignacy Nurkiewicz (November 2, 1887 – September 16, 1972) was a Polish engineer, a member of the Polish American Congress, as well as two-time president and one of the founders of the Józef Piłsudski Institute of America.Cisek, Janusz. 2006. Polish refugees and the Polish American Immigration and Relief Committee. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland. p.34.
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Ludwik Wejher (died 1656) was a Polish nobleman, son of Jan Wejher and Anna Szczawińska. He was a colonel of the Polish army and held other offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. He served in the Polish army during the wars of the 17th century. He defended Zamość from the Cossacks and Tatars in 1648.
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Klub Sportowy Konfeks Legnica is a Polish football team based in Legnica and founded in 1971. Currently, Konfeks are playing in the 5th level of Polish football. The club's best achievement was reaching the third tier of Polish football (now known as the Polish Second League) during the 1991-92 through 1993-94 seasons.
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Member of Polish National Committee. Co-organizer of Polish Democratic Society (Towarzystwo Demokratyczne Polskie). Disagreed with Prince Adam Jerzy Czartoryski, as well as with the messianism of Adam Mickiewicz. Supporter of emancipation of the Jews and eventually of the Polish positivists, with whom he agreed that through education of society Polish independence can be secured.
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The Polish Navy (, "War Navy"; often abbreviated to Marynarka) is a military branch of the Polish Armed Forces responsible for naval operations. The Polish Navy consists of 48 ships and about 12,000 commissioned and enlisted personnel. The traditional ship prefix in the Polish Navy is ORP (Okręt Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej, "Vessel of the Republic of Poland").
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Karol Ząbik (born October 25, 1986 in Toruń, Poland) is a Polish speedway rider who has won World, European and Polish Under-21 titles and has ridden for the Polish national junior team. His father, Jan Ząbik was also a speedway rider, and is now the team manager of Polish speedway club KS Toruń.
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France and her Eastern Allies, 1919-1925: French-Czechoslovak-Polish Relations from the Paris Peace Conference in Locarno.Minneapolis. In May 1934, the Polish-Soviet non- aggression pact was extended until 31 December 1945. During the period 1934–1939, Polish-Soviet relations were correct but cool, while Polish-German relations were normal and occasionally friendly.
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His father's name Czaja is Polish, while his mother's name Smekal is of Czech origin.Dr Herbert Czaja Herbert Czaja became a Polish citizen at age four when his hometown became part of the Second Polish Republic. He was fluent in Polish and German. Czaja studied German studies, history, and philosophy in Vienna and Kraków.
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Black polish is seen in the western disciplines, especially western pleasure, but some breeds, notably the Appaloosa, ban any polish that alters the natural hoof color. Gaited breeds have varying rules, some allowing black polish, others limiting its use. Whether clear or colored, polish is applied purely for aesthetic reasons as a finishing touch.
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It is representative of what is known as the Ukrainian school of Polish literature. Because of the unclear history of the song, it is sometimes presented as being either, or both, a Polish folk songHej sokoły - piosenka ludowa; tekst piosenki or Ukrainian folk song.Гей, Соколи The lyrics vary only slightly between the two languages. The tune was popular among Polish soldiers during the Polish-Soviet War, and was also sung by the Polish Home Army guerrillas during World War II. Polish folk singer Maryla Rodowicz also performed a popular cover of the song.
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While still a member of Polish Military Organisation, he also joined Association of the Polish Youth "Zet", and was one of leaders of a student strike in 1917. In late 1918 and early 1919, Katelbach fought in the Polish-Ukrainian War in Lwów. In August 1919, together with other activists of Polish Military Organisation he organized the Sejny Uprising, aimed at local Lithuanian administration. During this rebellion, Katelbach became a close associate of Second Directorate of Polish General Staff (see History of Polish intelligence services), which was responsible for military intelligence and counterintelligence.
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Polish–Mongolian literary relations are the interrelationships between Polish and Mongolian literature that date to the late Middle Ages. There are also links between Polish and Mongolian philology and literary studies. Their first manifestations were reports about Mongols in the Polish chronicles and in the relations of medieval Polish travelers to Asia. Knowledge about Mongolia in Poland became more vivid in the 19th century, when many Polish adventurers, prisoners in Siberia (see sybirak), learned people and businessmen of the part of Poland under Russian rule engaged heavily in Siberian, Mongolian, and Chinese affairs.
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Demobilized in May 1946, he settled in London and then moved to New York. There he took active part in a variety of Polish organizations of the local Polish diaspora. Among his most notable deeds was organization of a funeral of Jan Lechoń, one of the most renowned Polish poets to die in exile. He was also the head of the Association of Polish Combatants, the Józef Piłsudski Institute of America () and the head of the Polish Brotherly Help, a non- profit venture aimed at helping the Polish political emigrants living in the United States.
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Polish 3rd Legions Infantry Division (3. Dywizja Piechoty Legionów) was a tactical unit of the Polish Army between the World Wars. Formed in 1919, as a third unit composed significantly of veterans of the Polish Legions in World War I (after Polish 1st Legions Infantry Division and Polish 2nd Legions Infantry Division), it saw extensive action during the Polish-Bolshevik War and the Invasion of Poland. In the interbellum period, the headquarters of the division was stationed in Zamość, while its regiments were garrisoned in Chelm, Lublin, Zamosc and other locations.
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Poster in German and Polish describing "Obligations of Polish workers in Germany" including death sentence to every man and woman from Poland for sex with a German Polish decrees, Polish directives or decrees on Poles () were the decrees of the Nazi Germany government announced on 8 March 1940 during World War II to regulate the working and living conditions of the Polish workers (Zivilarbeiter) used during World War II as forced laborers in Germany. The regulation intentionally supported and even created anti-Polish racism and discrimination on the grounds of ethnicity and racial background.
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When Moscow blamed the disturbances on Western agitators, Polish leaders ignored the claim, and instead made concessions to the workers. With anti-Soviet displays becoming more common in Poland, and crucial Polish leadership elections upcoming, Khrushchev and other Presidium members flew to Warsaw. While the Soviets were refused entry to the Polish Central Committee plenum where the election was taking place, they met with the Polish Presidium. The Soviets agreed to allow the new Polish leadership to take office, on the assurance there would be no change to the Soviet-Polish relationship.
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Aleksander Kawałkowski (1899–1965) was a Polish soldier and diplomat. He joined the Polish armed forces (Polska Organizacja Wojskowa) in 1915, and then the recreated Polish Army in 1918. During the time of the Second Polish Republic, he was a lecturer in the Oficerska Szkoła Inżynieryjna (Officer's School of Engineering) military academy, a member of the Wojskowe Biuro Historyczne (Military History Bureau), and a member of the Ministry of Religion and Education. From 1934 to 1936 he was a Polish military attaché in Paris and then became Polish consul general in Lille, France.
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A "Polish joke" is an English-language ethnic joke deriding Polish people, based on derogatory stereotypes. The "Polish joke" belongs in the category of conditional jokes, whose full understanding requires the audience to have prior knowledge of what a "Polish joke" is. As with all discriminatory jokes, "Polish jokes" depend on the listener's preconceived notions and antipathies. The relation between the internalized derogatory stereotypes about Polish people, and the persistence of ethnic jokes about them, is not easy to trace, though the "jokes" seem to be understood by many who hear them.
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The same Polish regional leaders later voiced support for the Soviet coup attempt of 1991 in Moscow. The Government of Poland, however, never supported the autonomist tendencies of the Polish minority in Lithuania. Current tensions arise regarding Polish education and spelling of names. The United States Department of State stated, in a report issued in 2001, that the Polish minority had issued complaints with regard to its status in Lithuania, and that members of the Polish Parliament criticized the government of Lithuania over alleged discrimination against the Polish minority.
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There were specific songs of Polish resistance, Polish Armed Forces in the West and Polish Armed Forces in the East. Notable ones included Siekiera, motyka, the most popular song in occupied Poland; Rozszumiały się wierzby płaczące - the most popular song of the Polish partisans; Czerwone maki na Monte Cassino - the most popular song of the Polish Armed Forces in the West;Oka, the most popular song of the Polish Armed Forces in the East and Marsz Gwardii Ludowej - popular song also known as Partisans' Song anthem of GL.
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Polish Requiem (original Polish title: Requiem; ), also A Polish Requiem, is a large-scale requiem mass for soloists, mixed choir and orchestra by the Polish composer Krzysztof Penderecki. The Lacrimosa, dedicated to the trade union leader Lech Wałęsa, was written for the unveiling of a statue at the to commemorate those killed in the Polish anti-government riots in 1970. He expanded the work into a requiem, writing other parts to honour different patriotic events over the next four years. The Polish Requiem was first performed in Stuttgart on 28 September 1984.
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The Polish Festival in Portland, Oregon is reported to be the largest in the Western United States. One of the newest and most ambitious festivals is the Seattle Polish Film Festival organized in conjunction with the Polish Film Festival in Gdynia, Poland. Kansas City, Kansas is home to a large Polish population and for the last 31 years, All Saints Parish has hosted Polski Day . And last, but not least, there's the Pierogi Fest in Whiting, Indiana with many more attractions other than Polish pierogi, and the Wisconsin Dells Polish Fest.
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Facilitated by Stalin, communist-controlled Polish civilian and military institutions were also formed in the Soviet Union. The leading roles in them were initially assumed by Wanda Wasilewska, a daughter of former Polish minister and Piłsudski's associate, herself a friend of Stalin, and the Polish officer Zygmunt Berling. From October 1940, Berling led a group of Polish officers working to establish a Polish division within the Soviet Red Army. The Union of Polish Patriots, proposed and organized from January 1943, had its founding congress in June 1943 and was led by Wasilewska.
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All these events resulted in the deaths of both German and Polish civilians. The Polish Institute of National Remembrance found and confirmed 254 Lutheran victims, assumed to be German civilians, and 86 Catholic victims, assumed to be Polish civilians, as well as 20 Polish soldiers. Approximately 600-800 Polish hostages were shot in a mass execution in the aftermath of the fall of the city as a "revenge". After the Germans took over the city, they killed 1,200-3,000 Polish civilians in retaliation, as part of Operation Tannenberg.
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Polish historian Czesław Madajczyk notes 120 executions in relation to Bloody Sunday, and the execution of 20 hostages after a German soldier was allegedly attacked by a Polish sniper. According to a German version, Polish snipers attacked German troops in Bydgoszcz for several days (Polish sources and witnesses do not confirm this). The German governor, General Walter Braemer, (the commander of the rear army area), ordered the execution of 80 Polish hostages over the next few days. By September 8, between 200 and 400 Polish civilians had been killed.
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Both are secular institutions. Historically, Polish Americans linked their identity to the Catholic Church, and according to historian John Radzilowski, "Secular Polish Americanness has proved ephemeral and unsustainable over the generations", citing as evidence the decline of Polish parishes as reason for the decline in Polish American culture and language retention, since the parish served as an "incubator for both". The first The Polish American encyclopedia was published in 2008, by James S. Pula. In 2009, the Pennsylvania state legislature voted and approved the first ever Polish American Heritage Month.
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The Polish government aimed to retain as many "autochthons" as possible for propaganda purposes, as their presence on former German soil was used to indicate the intrinsic "Polishness" of the area and justify its incorporation into the Polish state as "recovered" territories. The Polish authorities often referred to the medieval Polish state to emphasize the validity of the Polish historical claim to these lands and began to call the area the Recovered Territories. The arriving Polish administration and settlers faced the problem of a consistent and unambiguous usage of toponyms.
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The relevance of the "Polish-American vote" has been in question in recent elections, as Americans of Polish descent have assimilated to U.S. society and increased their rate of exogamous marriages. In modern politics, the Polish-American vote continues to have influence in the United States. The American Polish Advisory Council, a politically-involved network of Polish organizations, has created a political platform and convention, and has shared its agenda with politicians, both at the state and federal level. In the 2012 elections, Polish-Americans have been courted by both the Republican and Democratic parties.
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Unlike most of the Polish general staff, Rayski managed to evade internment and made it to France, where he reported to Gen. Zając asking him for an assignment in the Polish Air Forces in France. His plea was yet again turned down as Rayski, along with other former high-ranking officers of the Polish Army, was made a scape-goat for the Polish defeat in the campaign. He then wrote a short memorial to all the Polish officers, in which he criticized the situation of the new commanders of the Polish Army in exile.
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Polish Australians refers to Australian citizens or residents of full or partial Polish ancestry, or Polish citizens living in Australia. In 2006 52,254 Australian residents declared they were born in Poland. Cities with the largest Polish populations were Melbourne (16,439), Sydney (12,514), Adelaide (5,859) and Perth (5,142).of Birth of Person (full classification list) by Sex&producttype;=Census Tables&method;=Place of Usual Residence&areacode;=0 ABS Census - Country of Birth, 2006 The Polish-born Australian resident population predominantly were Australian citizens (90.3%), Christian (82.4%) and used Polish at home (70.0%).
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At the end of 1916, was set up in Warsaw the "Polish National Fund for Loan" which worked to relieve the Reichsbank by issuing Polish Marks and reduce the circulation of Deutsche Mark in the governorship of Warsaw. On November 11, 1918, the institution passed into the hands of Polish authorities, who declared it on December 7, as the Polish state banking institution. On January 26, 1920, the former Reichsbank branch in Bydgoszcz had Tadeusz Piłatowskim, as its first director. In 1924, the "Polish National Fund for Loan" was replaced by the Polish Bank SA ().
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In 1948, he returned to Poland to take part in the congress that united the Polish Workers' Party and the Polish Socialist Party into the Polish United Workers' Party, which was the official name of the Communist Party. In 1951, he was awarded 2nd Class Knight's Officer in the Order of the Banner of Labour. ;Paris On 10 July 1952, he became the chargé d'affaires at the Polish embassy in Paris, serving as the de facto head of the Polish embassy until the spring of 1954, as the Polish ambassador to France was absent.
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The Nelson Algren Memorial fountain Chopin Theatre seen from Polonia Triangle Polonia Triangle (), also known as the Polish Triangle, is located in West Town, in what had been the historical Polish Downtown area of Chicago. A single-tiered fountain made of black iron with a bowl about nine feet in diameter is installed at its center. Polonia Triangle derives its name from the Polish word Polonia, which means 'Polish diaspora'. Polonia Triangle was considered to be the center of Chicago's Polish Downtown, the city's oldest and most prominent Polish settlement.
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About 20% of its resources were directed to the newly established Second Polish Republic. Much of its resources were helping Polish children. ARA however has been criticized by some for aiding Polish soldiers during the Polish–Soviet War. Polish leader Józef Piłsudski has written a note of personal thanks to Hoover; one of the streets in Warsaw has been named after him; he also received honorary degrees from the Jagiellonian University, Warsaw University and Lviv University, among other honors (such as several honorary citizenships of various Polish towns).
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Ultimately, Polish is thought to descend from the unattested Proto-Slavic language. Polish was a lingua franca from 1500–1700 in Central and parts of Eastern Europe, because of the political, cultural, scientific and military influence of the former Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Although not closely related to it, Polish shares many linguistic affinities with Ukrainian, an East Slavic language with which it has been in prolonged historical contact and in a state of mutual influence. The Polish influence on Ukrainian is particularly marked in western Ukraine, which was under Polish cultural domination.
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2014 Polish Cup final match between Zawisza Bydgoszcz and Zaglebie Lubin. The Polish Cup in football ( , officially named Totolotek Polish Cup) is an elimination tournament for Polish football clubs, held continuously from 1950, and is the second most important national title in Polish football after the Ekstraklasa title. Due to mass participation of teams, the tournament is often called The Cup of the Thousand Teams ( ). Participation is open to any club registered with the Polish FA, regardless of whether it competes in any league in the national pyramid.
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In 2008 the city of Bytow recognized him with the title "Honorary Citizen of Bytow." In 2010, Father Breza was inducted into Winona's Polish Heritage Hall of Fame."Breza to enter Polish Heritage Hall of Fame"Winona Daily News, May 1, 2010 On May 5, 2013, in a ceremony at the Polish Museum, the Polish Consul General in Chicago, Ms. Paulina Kapuscinska, presented Father Breza with the Cavalier’s Cross of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland for his contribution to Polish American relations."Visit from Polish Consul-General 2013," www.polishmuseumwinona.
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It promotes the knowledge of Polish history and culture by focusing on Polish and Polish American art through its collection of paintings, sculptures, drawings and lithographs by well-known artists. In addition to exhibits the Polish Museum of America also maintains cultural programs such as lectures, movies and slide presentations, theater performances, meetings with schools and people dedicated to Polish Culture from all over the world. The museum serves as the focus of official commemorations of Casimir Pulaski Day where various city and state officials congregate to pay tribute to Chicago's Polish Community.
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After a fire wiped out the Polish Library and National Museum at Alliance College in 1931, prominent voices in the Polish-American community began agitating for a venue in the United States which could both promote Polish culture and history as well as attest to the Polish presence in North America. The Polish Museum of America was established in 1935 as the "Museum and Archives of the Polish Roman Catholic Union of America". Miecislaus Haiman was appointed its first curator, archivist and chief librarian. The museum officially opened its doors on January 12 of 1937.
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The game, especially the combat system, was heavily influenced by the Polish historical role-playing game Dzikie Pola. The official fantasy world of the game, Weyrth, also shows strong influences of Polish and Eastern European history among its imaginary cultures and peoples, particularly in the nations of Zaporozhya (from the Polish historical term for Ukraine) and the Rzeczpospolita, the Polish word for "Commonwealth". For historical inspiration, see Zaporizhia, Rzeczpospolita and Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
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The Renaissance was the epoch when Polish literature became a great one.Andrzej Borowski wrote a monograph about Polish literature of 16th century: Andrzej Borowski, Renesans, Wydanie pierwsze, Wydawnictwa Szkolne i Pedagodgiczne, Warszawa 1992. Polish poets of the time were well educated, mainly in Italy, knew Latin and sometimes Greek, and worked hard on building a new Polish literature. Many authors wrote in Latin, while some tried to create a modern Polish literary language.
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Yi Lijun (; born 4 December 1934) also known by her pen name Han Yi (). She is a Chinese translator who had been honored by the Polish Government. Yi is one of the foremost translators of Polish fiction. For her contributions to the introduction of Polish literature to foreign readers, she was honored with the Polish Literature Order, the Knight's Cross (2010), the Outstanding Contribution to Promote Polish Literature Award (2007) and the Transatlantic Prize.
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Martin Vaculík (born 5 April 1990)Świat Żużla, No 1 (77) 2009, pages 26-27, is a Slovak motorcycle speedway rider who is riding for the FALUBAZ Zielona Góra in the Polish Speedway Ekstraliga. Vaculík has a Polish citizenship also. On the 6 May 2008 he gained a Polish speedway licence (Licencja "Ż") at Toruń. Since 4 June he has taken part in the Polish Championships as a Polish domestic rider (as Martin Vaculik).
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For the most part, the neighborhoods that comprise the old Polish Downtown have been gentrified and now present a cosmopolitan mix of people of diverse backgrounds. While Polish Downtown is no longer the center of Chicago's Polish Community, its legacy is present in the businesses, restaurants, and historic buildings. Numerous prominent Polish-American cultural and civic institutions continue, from the Polish Museum of America to the Chopin Theatre and the Society for Arts.
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Moreover, the sale of Jewish literature was banned throughout Poland. Polish literature faced a similar fate in territories annexed by Germany, where the sale of Polish books was forbidden. The public destruction of Polish books was not limited to those seized from libraries, but also included those books that were confiscated from private homes. The last Polish book titles not already proscribed were withdrawn in 1943; even Polish prayer books were confiscated.
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Czesław Wycech Czesław Wycech tombstone Czesław Wycech (1899-1977) was a Polish activist, politician and historian. He was a member of the Polish peasant's parties: the Polish People's Party "Wyzwolenie", the People's Party, the Polish People's Party, and the United People's Party. During World War II he was a member of the Polish Underground State, responsible for organizing underground education. He was the Minister of Education in the Council of National Unity (1945-1947).
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Polish Americans boosted membership in the Catholic church and expanded parishes previously non-existent in the Midwestern United States. Student enrollment had increased significantly in the interwar period and many young Polish women were requested to teach in the schools. Polish-born nuns were strongly desired for educating the students. A study in 1932 found that close to 300,000 Polish Americans were enrolled in over 600 Polish grade schools in the United States.
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The first Polish royal election, of Henry III of France in 1573 (1889 Painting by Jan Matejko). Royal elections in Poland (Polish: wolna elekcja, lit. free election) were the election of individual kings, rather than dynasties, to the Polish throne. Based on traditions dating to the very beginning of the Polish statehood, strengthened during the Piast and Jagiellon dynasties, they reached their final form in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth period between 1572 and 1791.
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At first, Polish general Świerczewski continued with his attempt to take Dresden, which contributed to the growing chaos in the Polish forces, as many communication lines were cut. The Germans succeeded in linking up with the remnants of their forces in the Muskauer Forst, and throwing the local Polish and Soviet forces into chaos. The Polish Second Army lost cohesion and split into four groups. Several units of the Polish Second Army found themselves surrounded.
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Fryderyk The Fryderyk is the annual award in Polish music. Its name refers to the original Polish spelling variant of Polish composer Frédéric Chopin's first name. Its status in the Polish public can be compared to the American Grammy and the UK's BRIT Award. Officially created in 1994 and presented for the first time in 1995, the award was initially conferred by the Polish Society of the Phonographic Industry (Związek Producentów Audio-Video, ZPAV).
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Andrzej Kajetan Wróblewski (Polish pronunciation: Vrooblevski, born 7 August 1933 in Warsaw) – Polish experimental physicist, ordinary professor doctor habilitatus (since 1971), dean of the Physics Department Warsaw University (1986–1989), Rector of the Warsaw University (1989–1993), President of the Academic Council of the Institute for the History of Science, Polish Academy of Sciences. Member of the PAS (since 1976), Warsaw Scientific Society (since 1983), Polish Physical Society and Polish Astronomical Society.
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Promoted to officer's grade, in December 1918 he joined the newly reborn Polish Army. A field commander during the Greater Poland Uprising, during the Polish- Bolshevik War he became the chief of staff of the Polish 7th Cavalry Brigade. Between 1923 and 1926 he served as the military attaché in the Polish embassy in Bucharest. Upon his return he briefly served as one of the commanding officers of the Prużana-based Polish 17th Uhlans Regiment.
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Gel polish is a long-lasting variety of nail polish made up of a type of methacrylate polymer. It is painted on the nail similar to traditional nail polish, but does not dry. Instead it is cured under an ultraviolet lamp or ultraviolet LED. While regular nail polish formulas typically last two to seven days without chipping, gel polish can last as long as two weeks with proper application and home care.
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The 9th Lesser Poland Uhlan Regiment (Polish language: 9 Pulk Ulanow Malopolskich) was a cavalry regiment of the Polish Army, formed on November 21, 1918. Its first commandant was Rittmeister (Rotmistrz) Józef Dunin- Borkowski. The regiment fought in the Polish–Ukrainian War, Polish–Soviet War and the Invasion of Poland. In the Second Polish Republic, it was garrisoned in the towns of Czortków and Trembowla, and in 1939, it was part of Podolska Cavalry Brigade.
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Though the first official Polish government service entrusted with espionage, intelligence and counter- intelligence was not formed until 1918, Kingdom of Poland and later the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth had developed networks of informants in neighbouring countries. Envoys and ambassadors had also gathered intelligence, often using bribery. Such agents included the 17th-century Polish poet Jan Andrzej Morsztyn. Polish kings and Polish–Lithuanian military commanders (hetmans) such as Stanisław Koniecpolski maintained intelligence networks.
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The siege of Malbork was continued, and Polish - Brandenburgian troops blocked Elbląg. In December 1659, the siege of Elbląg began. Meanwhile, in late 1658, the Polish–Russian truce ended when Russian forces under Ivan Andreyevich Khovansky (Tararui) and Jurij Aleksiejewicz Dołgorukow again attacked the Polish - Lithuanian units (see Russo-Polish War (1654–67)). The reason for the attack was the Treaty of Hadiach, which prepared the basis for a Polish–Lithuanian–Ruthenian Commonwealth.
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Polish orthography is the system of writing the Polish language. The language is written using the Polish alphabet, which derives from the Latin alphabet, but includes some additional letters with diacritics. The orthography is mostly phonetic, or rather phonemic – the written letters (or combinations of them) correspond in a consistent manner to the sounds, or rather the phonemes, of spoken Polish. For detailed information about the system of phonemes, see Polish phonology.
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Map of Greater Poland as advocated by Polish nationalists. Polish irredentism, or Greater Poland, is a term applied to certain currents within Polish nationalism. In one sense, it refers to the territorial scope of the Poles, emphasising the ethnicity of those Poles living outside Poland. In the political sense the term refers to an irredentist belief in the equivalence between the territorial scope of the Polish people and that of the Polish state.
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During Polish-Ukrainian War he fought in the liberation of Lwów. In Polish-Soviet War, commanded the Cavalry Division at the Battle of Koziatyn (April 25-April 27, 1920), one of the most spectacular raids of the Polish cavalry, during the Polish advance towards Kiev. His troops fought against the Soviet cavalry elite Konarmia of Semyon Budyonny. He commanded the Polish 13th Infantry Division during the Battle of Komarów (August 31, 1920).
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Each make of weapon took ammunition of a different caliber. The Polish forces grew from approximately 100,000 in 1918 to over 500,000 in early 1920. By 20 August 1920, the Polish army had reached a strength of 737,767, so there was rough numerical parity between the Polish army and the opposing Soviet forces. Polish intelligence knew the Soviets had prepared for a new offensive; the Polish High Command decided to launch a preemptive attack.
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St. Stanislaus Catholic Church and the surrounding neighborhood was the center of Polish life in Milwaukee. As the Polish community surrounding St. Stanislaus continued to grow, Mitchell Street became known as the "Polish Grand Avenue". As Mitchell Street grew more dense, the Polish population started moving south to the Lincoln Village neighborhood, home to the Basilica of St. Josaphat and Kosciuszko Park. Other Polish communities started on the east side of Milwaukee.
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Polish was a lingua franca in areas of Central and Eastern Europe, especially regions that belonged to the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Polish was for several centuries the main language spoken by the ruling classes in Lithuania and Ukraine, and the modern state of Belarus. After the Partitions of Poland and the incorporation of most of the Polish areas into the Russian Empire as Congress Poland, the Russian language almost completely supplanted Polish.
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Bruno Olbrycht (nom de guerre: Olza; 6 October 1895 – 23 March 1951) was a soldier of the Austro-Hungarian Army and officer (later general) of the Polish Army both in the Second Polish Republic and postwar Poland. Born on 6 October 1895 in Sanok, Austrian Galicia, Olbrycht fought in Polish Legions in World War I, Polish–Ukrainian War, Polish–Soviet War and the Invasion of Poland. He died on 23 March 1951 in Kraków.
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In 1918 he joined the Polish Army. He took part in the Polish-Lithuanian negotiations in Suwałki and fought in the Polish-Soviet War, where he commanded infantry divisions and operational groups; He was wounded in 1920, and promoted to general in 1927. He retired in 1935, but joined the Polish Army again during German invasion of Poland in 1939 as a volunteer. Eventually he joined the Polish Armed Forces in the West.
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Headquarters of the Polish Handball Federation The Polish Handball Federation (, ZPRP) is the national handball association in Poland. ZPRP is a member of the European Handball Federation (EHF), the International Handball Federation (IHF) and the Polish Olympic Committee.
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Grzegorz Hołdanowicz, Feta z Langustą, RAPORT-wto 04/2007 (Polish)Producers web site WR-40 Langusta (Polish) Another step in the modernization of Polish rocket artillery is project 'Homar', corresponding to HIMARS rocket system, carried on from 2007.
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Jerzy Tumaniszwili died Dec 9, 2010. Seattle Polish News. December 16, 2010. He also wrote for the local Polish press and participated in the émigré Polish organizations, including the New York City- based Józef Piłsudski Institute of America.
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Maria Wardzyńska, Był rok 1939. Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce. Intelligenzaktion, IPN, Warszawa, 2009, p. 250 (in Polish) Nevertheless, it was a local center of the Polish resistance movement, and Polish partisans were active in the area.
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Headquarters of the Polish Investment and Trade Agency at 50 Krucza Street in Warsaw. The Polish Investment and Trade Agency (, abbreviated to PAIH) is a Polish government agency which promotes Poland as an attractive destination for foreign investment.
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The Polish Initiative (Polish: Inicjatywa Polska) - is a Polish centre-left political party created in 2016 (registered as a political party in 2019). Its current leader is Barbara Nowacka. The party is a part of the Civic Coalition.
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The 1939 College Football All Polish-American Team was the first all-star College Football Team of Polish-Americans. The team was selected by five American sport scribes from leading American newspapers. All members were of Polish descent.
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Polish Standard (, denoted by the symbol BS) - a nationwide standard, adopted by consensus and approved by the Polish Committee for Standardization, The Polish Standards are widely available but not free, and their distribution is controlled by the PKN.
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Antoni Wiwulski () (20 February 1877 – 10 January 1919) was a Polish- Lithuanian According to Venclova, Wiwulski represented "the Wilno variant of Polish modernism" and "considered himself to be both a Polish and a Lithuanian artist." architect and sculptor.
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On top of deporting Polish citizens en masse, the Soviets forcibly drafted Polish men into the Red Army. It is estimated that 210,000 young Polish males were conscripted as newly declared Soviet subjects following the annexation of Kresy.
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The Adventures of Mr. Nicholas Wisdom (; in English, more accurately, The Adventures of Nicholas Empiricus), written in Polish in 1776 by Ignacy Krasicki, is the first novel composed in the Polish language, and a milestone in Polish literature.
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Martyna Grajber (born 28 March 1995) is a Polish volleyball player. She plays for Budowlani Łódź in the Polish Orlen Liga. She was part of the Polish squad that competed at the 2016 FIVB Volleyball World Grand Prix.
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Polish Young Greens are affiliated with The Polish Green Party, being its youth organisation. Polish Young Greens are also a member of the Federation of Young European Greens (FYEG) and Cooperation and Development Network in Eastern Europe (CDNEE).
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He became Polish champion in 1998, 2000 and 2001, and Polish indoor champion in 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002 and 2003. His personal best jump was 8.28 metres, achieved in July 2001 in Mals. This is the Polish record.
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Afterwards the members of the PMO members were either demobilised or integrated into the Polish Army or the Polish Intelligence Services.
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Sebastian Kurowski (born January 30, 1988 in Gorlice) is a Polish footballer who last played for Cracovia in the Polish Ekstraklasa.
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Kamila Wieczorek is a Polish ice hockey forward, currently playing for EV Bomo Thun in Switzerland and the Polish national team.
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The 1st Warsaw Armoured Brigade (Polish: 1 Warszawska Brygada Pancerna) is a brigade of the Polish Armed Forces, based in Warsaw.
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Tarnagulla is phonetic meaning of Polish Czarnogóra (eng. Black Mountain - Montenegro). Name was given by Polish explorer and geologist Paweł Strzelecki.
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Kamil Droszyński (born 28 January 1997) is a Polish volleyball player, a member of the Polish club Indykpol AZS Olsztyn, PlusLiga.
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Patryk Damian Niemiec (born 18 February 1997) is a Polish volleyball player, a member of the Polish club Warta Zawiercie, PlusLiga.
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Upon resurrection of the Polish Republic in 1918, the new Polish government reestablished the lost city status and rights in 1925.
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Błażej Halski, also known as Komisarz (Polish for commissar) is a former guitarist of Polish streetpunk band The Analogs (2001-2002).
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Schifcofske was born in Moranbah, Queensland, he is of Polish descent, his parents were both born in Australia to Polish parents.
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Anna Tomaszewicz Dobrska: A Leaf from Polish Medical History by Zbigniew Filar. (Warsaw: Polish Society of the History of Medicine, 1959).
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Patrycja Balcerzak (born 1 January 1994) is a Polish football midfielder, currently playing for SC Sand and the Polish national team.
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The Polish Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress is an annual award given to the best supporting actress in Polish movie.
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The Polish Academy Award for Best Film Screenplay is an annual award given to the best Polish screenplay of the year.
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The Polish Academy Award for Best Film Cinematography is an annual award given to the best Polish cinematography of the year.
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The Polish Academy Award for Best Editing is an annual award given to the best Polish film editing of the year.
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The 2006 Polish Film Awards took place on 27 February 2006. It was the 8th edition of Polish Film Awards: Eagles.
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White, Angela. Jewish Lives in the Polish Language The Polish- Jewish Press, 1918--1939. Dissertation Abstracts International. 68-11. [Bloomington, Ind.
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The name Třinec is of topographic origin, derived from the Polish word for reed (Polish: trzcina, locally trzena // trzyna, strzena, trzcena).
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During the era of the Polish People's Republic (1947–1989), the Polish Armed Forces carried out fruitless searches for the train.
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In 2003 three were re- sold to Polish private operator CTL Rail (E-1003, 1018, 1021) and modified to Polish standards.
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Wojciech Stępień (born 6 July 1970) is a former Polish volleyball player, a member of Polish national team in 1994, coach.
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Dominika Grabowska (born 26 December 1998) is a Polish football midfielder, currently playing for Górnik Łęczna and the Polish national team.
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EB Start Elbląg is a Polish women's handball team, based in Elbląg, playing in Polish Ekstraklasa Women's Handball League (Premiership League).
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Hear My Cry, (Polish: Usłyszcie mój krzyk, literally "Hear My Scream") is a 1991 Polish documentary film directed by Maciej Drygas.
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Lanham, MD: University Press of America. Sugihara had cooperated with Polish intelligence as part of a bigger Japanese–Polish cooperative plan.
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It also served as an inspiration for the portrayal of an Old Polish banquet in Pan Tadeusz, the Polish national epic.
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Grzegorz Sołogub DFC was a Polish fighter ace of the Polish Air Force in World War II with 5 confirmed kills.
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Stanisław Blok DFC was a Polish fighter ace of the Polish Air Force in World War II with 5 confirmed kills.
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Aleksandra "Ola" Żelichowska (born November 4, 1984) is a Polish figure skater. She is the 2002 and 2004 Polish bronze medalist.
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Tomasz Laskowski (born 17 December 1984, in Ruda Śląska) is a Polish footballer (goalkeeper) who plays for Polish team Warta Poznań.
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In July 2006, the newspaper added a section in Polish to cater for the massive influx of Polish migrants into Ireland.
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Fr. Franciszek Chałupka (1856 – 1909) was a Polish-American Catholic priest, who founded the first Polish-American parishes in New England.
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General Consulate of Polish Republic in Lutsk, Ukraine: "Polish places of Remembrance in the Lutsk area" , luckkg.polemb.net; accessed 6 December 2014.
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Wojciech Żaliński (born 8 January 1988) is a Polish volleyball player, a member of the Polish club Indykpol AZS Olsztyn, PlusLiga.
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Gen.bryg. Edmund Stanisław Knoll-Kownacki (1891 - 1953) was a Polish military officer and a high-ranking commander of the Polish Army.
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Dąb (Polish for "Oak") is a Polish coat of arms of Czech origin. It was used by several szlachta (noble) families.
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The IPSC Polish Rifle Championship is an IPSC level 3 championship held once a year by the Polish Sport Shooting Federation.
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Polish Children's Camp was financed by the government of New Zealand, with help from Polish Government in Exile, based in London.
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Michał Kubisztal (born 23 March 1980) is a Polish handball player for Czuwaj Przemyśl and a retired Polish national team player.
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The Cross of Merit with Swords () is a Polish military award established October 19, 1942, by the Polish Government in Exile.
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Career of Nikos Dyzma (also known as Kariera Nikosia Dyzmy in Polish) is a 2002 Polish film directed by Jacek Bromski.
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Karolina Zalewska-Gardoni (born 19 March 1984) is a Polish handball player for Issy-Paris Hand and the Polish national team.
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Konrad Jałocha (born 9 May 1991) is a Polish football goalkeeper who currently plays for the Polish Ekstraklasa club Legia Warsaw.
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Robert Kempiński (born 11 July 1977, in Gdańsk) is a Polish chess grandmaster. He is a two-time Polish Chess Champion.
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Poland – The Historical Setting: Chapter 6: The Polish People's Republic. Polish Academic Information Center, University at Buffalo. Retrieved 14 March 2007.
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In 2007, he was awarded the Wiktor, the prize of the public Polish Television (TVP), for the best Polish TV actor.
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Jakub Kowalczyk (born 26 June 1986) is a Polish volleyball player, a member of the Polish club VERVA Warszawa ORLEN Paliwa.
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Trzy Kawki (Polish for "Three Jackdaws") is a Polish coat of arms. It was used by the noble family of Borch.
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The Good Name Redoubt – Polish Anti-Defamation League or Polish League Against Defamation () is a right-wingMinkner, Kamil. "Polish contemporary art to the anti-semitism of Poles and its political significance." Review of Nationalities 6.1 (2016): 195-221. quote: One of the right-wing organizations Redoubt of Good Name – Polish League against Defamation (Reduta Dobrego Imienia...Pankowski, Rafał.
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Polish church in Steindamm was the oldest church of Konigsberg. The University of Königsberg was considered one of the most prestigious universities of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. It received the royal privilege by Polish King Sigismund II Augustus on 28 March 1560. The History of Poles in Königsberg (Polish: Królewiec) goes back to the 14th century.
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St. Adalbert Church on Allegheny Avenue. There are many Polish delis and restaurants throughout the neighborhood, evidence of the Polish ethnic background of the neighborhood. The neighborhood continues to attract Polish immigrants. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries when immigration was at its peak in Philadelphia, Polish people settled on farms in Port Richmond.
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The Polish-American Leadership Political Action Committee (PAL-PAC) is a national Polish-American advocacy and public policy organization headquartered in Glenview, IL a suburb of Chicago. PAL-PAC was founded in 2013. PAL-PAC's goal is to influence action by the Polish-American community and elect more Polish-American politicians into local, state, and federal offices.
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Augustyn Łukosz (17 August 1884 – 27 October 1940) was a Polish national activist and socialist politician from the region of Zaolzie, Czechoslovakia. He was a member of the Polish Socialist Workers Party, the social democratic party active amongst the Polish minority in interbellum Czechoslovakia. In 1935 Łukosz founded the Polish Social Democratic Party (PPSD).Gawrecki 2000, 242.
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The Russo-Polish truce was about to expire and Russia tried to make an anti-Polish alliance with Turkey. See Smolensk War (1632–1634) and Polish–Ottoman War (1633–34). A Polish war was unpopular with the Crimeans because of their recent experience there and because the Russian-backed Don Cossacks had recently made several of raids on Crimea.
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The 1969–70 I liga was the 44th season of the Polish Football Championship and the 36th season of the I liga, the top Polish professional league for association football clubs, since its establishment in 1927. The league was operated by the Polish Football Association (PZPN). The defending champions were Legia Warsaw, who won their 4th Polish title.
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The 1970–71 I liga was the 45th season of the Polish Football Championship and the 37th season of the I liga, the top Polish professional league for association football clubs, since its establishment in 1927. The league was operated by the Polish Football Association (PZPN). The champions were Górnik Zabrze, who won their 9th Polish title.
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The 1971–72 I liga was the 46th season of the Polish Football Championship and the 38th season of the I liga, the top Polish professional league for association football clubs, since its establishment in 1927. The league was operated by the Polish Football Association (PZPN). The defending champions were Górnik Zabrze, who won their 10th Polish title.
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The 1972–73 I liga was the 47th season of the Polish Football Championship and the 39th season of the I liga, the top Polish professional league for association football clubs, since its establishment in 1927. The league was operated by the Polish Football Association (PZPN). The champions were Stal Mielec, who won their 1st Polish title.
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The 1973–74 I liga was the 48th season of the Polish Football Championship and the 40th season of the I liga, the top Polish professional league for association football clubs, since its establishment in 1927. The league was operated by the Polish Football Association (PZPN). The champions were Ruch Chorzów, who won their 11th Polish title.
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The 1974–75 I liga was the 49th season of the Polish Football Championship and the 41st season of the I liga, the top Polish professional league for association football clubs, since its establishment in 1927. The league was operated by the Polish Football Association (PZPN). The defending champions were Ruch Chorzów, who won their 12th Polish title.
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Ivan Gonta was handed over to Polish authorities who tortured him to death, while Maksym Zalizniak was exiled to Siberia. The rebellion was suppressed by the joint forces of Polish and Russian armies, with numerous hangings, decapitations, quarterings and impalings of Polish subjects and of those Russian subjects who were captured by governmental Polish forces themselves.
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Marcin Meller (born 23 October 1968) is a Polish historian, journalist and editor-in-chief of the Polish edition of Playboy magazine. Former member of the Independent Students' Union. He was born on 23 October 1968 in Warsaw as a son of Polish diplomat and academician Stefan Meller. His grandfather, Adam Meller, was Polish-Jewish communist politician.
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Polish artists also worked abroad, outside of occupied Europe. Arkady Fiedler, based in Britain with the Polish Armed Forces in the West wrote about the 303 Polish Fighter Squadron. Melchior Wańkowicz wrote about the Polish contribution to the capture of Monte Cassino in Italy. Other writers working abroad included Jan Lechoń, Antoni Słonimski, Kazimierz Wierzyński and Julian Tuwim.
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59-60 (in Polish) but eventually the Luxembourgs sold it to the Teutonic Order. It was captured by joint Polish-Czech forces in 1433, during the Polish–Teutonic War (1431–1435). When another Polish-Teutonic war broke out in 1454, the Teutonic Knights sold the region to the Margraviate of Brandenburg in order to raise funds for war.
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Franciszek Bukaty Franciszek Bukaty (1747–1797) was a Polish diplomat. He was (1772–1785) Polish chargé d'affaires, and later ambassador in London. At first the Polish King Stanisław August Poniatowski wanted to make an English lawyer John Lind Polish ambassador in London, but British authorities opposed, because it was seen as 'unpatriotic' if an Englishman represented a foreign court.
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At various times, this wing included other Polish squadrons, such as the No. 315 Polish Fighter Squadron, No. 316 Polish Fighter Squadron, and the No. 317 Polish Fighter Squadron. The number of wings was also not constant, as it varied from at least three to five. On 4 October 1943, the unit was renamed to No. 131 Wing().
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Jan Słomka (1842-1932) was the Habsburg Polish mayor of Dzików in the late 19th and early 20th century. Słomka is perhaps best known for his memoir, From Serfdom to Self-Government: Memoirs of a Polish Village Mayor, with its descriptions of Polish peasant life from the time of Polish serfdom until after World War I.
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The adjacent fields in Dzierżązna were cultivated by Polish children to supply produce for the main concentration camp in the city averaging 1,600 Polish child labourers.The camp for Polish children Przemystowa Street (Gewerbestrasse) Lodz-Ghetto.com homepage. Polish girls were prepared in Dzierżązna for slave labour on German farms in the Reich, under the command of SS Aufseherin (b.
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In 1942, the eminent Polish cryptologists Marian Rejewski and Henryk Zygalski escaped from occupied France to Spain. Upon arrival they were imprisoned by the Spanish. The Polish Red Cross made arrangements for food packages to be delivered to the prisoners. The Red Cross personnel sent a list in Polish of "Polish Prisoners" who were to receive packages.
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Culture.pl is a large web portal devoted to Polish culture. It was founded by the Adam Mickiewicz Institute in March 2001. Written in Polish, English and Russian, the site promotes the work of Polish artists around the world and is a popular information database on all artistic aspects of Polish culture. Its ISSN number is 1734-0624.
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Związek Młodzieży Polskiej (Union or Association of Polish Youth, abbr. ZMP) was a Polish communist youth organization, existing from 1948 to 1956. It was subordinated to Polish Workers' Party (later the Polish United Workers' Party) and acted as a tool of political indoctrination towards the youth . It was formed from the (Związek Walki Młodych) and several other organizations.
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The Catholic Church of St. John in the center of Zhytomyr. This city is the site of the third largest Polish cemetery outside Poland. Under the Russian Empire, Polish society tended to stratify. The Polish magnates prospered under the Russian Empire, at the expense of the serfs and of the poorer Polish nobility whom they pushed from the land.
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Hemswell operated as a dual site with a nearby overflow airfield at RAF Ingham. RAF Ingham was a grassed field landing ground with few buildings or facilities. Between 1941 and 1943 the Polish bomber squadrons (No. 305 Polish Bomber Squadron, No. 301 Polish Bomber Squadron and No. 300 Polish Bomber Squadron) used the airfield for their Wellington operations.
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Many of the officers in the Polish Army were Soviet officers of Polish descent. Overall, the German units were less numerous than the Polish forces, their equipment worn and supplies inferior. Polish sources describe the Germans as more experienced, however the German sources accentuate their mixed structure of experienced soldiers and inexperienced recruits of Hitlerjugend and Volkssturm units.
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23rd Grodno Uhlan Regiment (Polish: 23 Pułk Ułanów Grodzieńskich, 23 p.ul.) was a cavalry unit of the Polish Army in the Second Polish Republic. Formed in 1920, it fought both in the Polish-Soviet War and the 1939 Invasion of Poland. The regiment was garrisoned in the town of Postawy (current Belarus), and belonged to Wilenska Cavalry Brigade.
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During the PPS split, he sided with the Polish Socialist Party – Revolutionary Faction and became a close collaborator of future Polish statesman Józef Piłsudski.Marek Kornat, "Posłowie i ambasadorzy polscy w Związku Sowieckim (1921–1939 i 1941–1943)" ("Polish Diplomatic Representatives and Ambassadors in the Soviet Union (1921–39 and 1941–43"), The Polish Diplomatic Review, 5 (21)/2004, pp.
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The amendment also penalized the expression "Polish concentration camp" in regard to the camps operated by the Polish government after the war on the sites of former Nazi camps. In a court case in January 2018, Newsweek.pl was sentenced for referring to the Zgoda concentration camp, operated by Polish authorities after World War II, as a "Polish concentration camp".
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In 2007, Kulon competed in the Polish women's championship for the first time, held that year in Barlinek, and finished seventh. She won the Polish women's blitz championship in 2006, 2017, 2018. In January 2014 Kulon won the Polish students women's championship in Katowice. In April she took the bronze medal in the Polish women's championship in Warsaw.
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In 2009, he won the Rubinstein Memorial in Polanica- Zdrój. In 2010, he came in third at the Polish Blitz Chess Championship in Myślibórz. Moranda has also competed successfully in several Polish Team Chess Championships (team gold in 2014).OlimpBase :: Polish Team Chess Championship :: Wojciech Moranda In 2012, he won the Polish Student Championship in Katowice.
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Traditionally, nail polish started in clear, white, red, pink, purple, and black. Nail polish can be found in a diverse variety of colors and shades. Beyond solid colors, nail polish has also developed an array of other designs, such as crackled, glitter, flake, speckled, iridescent, and holographic. Rhinestones or other decorative art are also often applied to nail polish.
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Oliwia Rzepiel (born 8 March 2001) is a Polish figure skater. She is the 2020 Reykjavik International silver medalist, and a two-time Polish national silver medalist (2018, 2020). On the junior level, she is the 2015 Mini Europa silver medalist, the 2018 Polish junior national champion, and a two-time Polish junior national silver medalist (2016, 2019).
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Polish children that arrived as refugees in Santa Rosa, Guanajuato. The first Poles arrived in Mexico during the French intervention in Mexico. In May 1942, Mexico declared war on Germany. To show solidarity with the Polish people, Mexico accepted in 1943 over 2,000 Polish refugees including 1,400 Polish orphans to settle in the state of Guanajuato in central Mexico.
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Her music was broadcast in Poland and abroad including the public Polish Television (TVP), Campus Radio, Polish Radio Second Channel PR 2, Polish Bis Radio, Hamburg Radio, Katowice Radio, Denmark Radio. As a composer she was involved with the production of the television series Dolina Kreatywna, czyli czego szuka mloda sztuka (Creative Valley) created by Polish Television TVP2.
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Józef Brandt, Return of the victors. Polish-Cossack-Tatar War was the war between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Ottoman Empire (in practice, a proxy war between the Cossack Hetmanate and Crimean Khanate) over Ukraine. It was one of the aftermaths of the Russo-Polish War (1654–1667) and a prelude to the Polish–Ottoman War (1672–1676).
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The first President of Second Polish Republic was Gabriel Narutowicz. In the Second Polish Republic, the President was elected by the Parliament, while in the Third Polish Republic the President is elected for a five-year term by the public. The most recent presidential election was the 2020 Polish presidential election. The next election will take place in 2025.
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Many Polish Football clubs were not founded in 1918, but much earlier. The first centers of Polish football were Kraków and Lwów, where a club were established as early as 1903 (Czarni Lwów, the first Polish sports club). However, before 1918 it was impossible to create an independent, uniquely Polish Federation, because Poland as such did not exist.
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He joined Józef Piłsudski's Polish Socialist Party in 1904. After World War I broke out, he joined the Polish Legions and the Polish Military Organization. In 1918 he joined the Polish Army and served as aide to Piłsudski. In 1919 he was transferred to Section II (Intelligence) at the Lithuanian-Belarusian Front Headquarters, and later to the General Staff.
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He escaped from German-occupied Poland in 1940. He became chaplain and teacher of religion at the Polish Grammar School in Diddington. Borynski was appointed chaplain to the Polish community of Bradford in Yorkshire from October 1952. With around 1,500 Polish refugees from Communism in Bradford, it was the largest Polish emigre community in the North of England.
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18th Pomeranian Uhlan Regiment (Polish language: 18 Pulk Ulanów Pomorskich, 18 p.ul.) was a cavalry unit of the Polish Army in the Second Polish Republic. Formed in April 1919 in Poznan, it fought in the Polish-Soviet War and the Invasion of Poland. In the interbellum period, the regiment was garrisoned in Grudziadz (since September 1923).
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Retrieved 24 January 2018. Located a short drive outside Mintaro off Jolly Way on Polish Hill Road, the Polish Hill River Church Museum was established in 1996. The museum was established by the South Australian Polish community to document and commemorate the contribution of Polish migrants to the development of South Australia.Polish Hill River Church Museum .
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After one such conflicts, she resigned from the dormitory in July 1924. After the Great War, Vilnius frequently changed hands during the Polish–Soviet War and the Polish–Lithuanian War but eventually became part of the Second Polish Republic. The Polish government restricted Lithuanian activities, often arresting and imprisoning Lithuanian activists. Vileišienė was arrested several times.
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This was one of the earliest Polish encounters with non-white people following the end of the multicultural and multiethnic Second Polish Republic following World War II. The Polish Press Agency was given the task of documenting the African visitors, which began an ongoing series of Polish press photography depicting African visitors and residents of Poland.
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However at the same time Polish communists named one of their proxy parties , and the old People's Party, now loyal to Mikołajczyk, changed its name into Polish People's Party (PSL). After Mikołajczyk's defeat in the rigged 1947 Polish legislative election, the remains of the Polish People's Party were merged (in 1949) into the communist-allied United People's Party (ZSL).
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This required the Prussian authorities to issue some official documents in Polish or both in German and Polish. The Polish speaking territories of Lower and Middle Silesia, commonly described until the end of the 19th century as the Polish side were mostly Germanized in the 18th and 19th centuries, except for some areas along the northeastern frontier.
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Aniela Zagórska Aniela Zagórska (26 December 1881, in Lublin – 30 November 1943, in Warsaw) was a Polish translator who rendered into Polish nearly all the works of Joseph Conrad. Aniela Zagórska and Joseph Conrad, 1914 Aniela Zagórska (left), Karola Zagórska, Conrad's nieces; Joseph Conrad. Aniela translated Conrad into Polish. Aniela Zagórska's Polish translation of Conrad's Lord Jim, vol.
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On October 8, 2014 PGE Skra Bełchatów as the Polish Champion 2014 played with ZAKSA Kędzierzyn- Koźle (winner of Polish Cup 2014) for the ENEA Polish SuperCup2014. PGE Skra won 3-1 at Arena Poznań in Poznań. Facundo Conte was awarded a title of the Most Valuable Player. Asseco Resovia Rzeszów achieved 7th title of Polish Champion.
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The 1975–76 I liga was the 50th season of the Polish Football Championship and the 42nd season of the I liga, the top Polish professional league for association football clubs, since its establishment in 1927. The league was operated by the Polish Football Association (PZPN). The champions were Stal Mielec, who won their 2nd Polish title.
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The 1976–77 I liga was the 51st season of the Polish Football Championship and the 43rd season of the I liga, the top Polish professional league for association football clubs, since its establishment in 1927. The league was operated by the Polish Football Association (PZPN). The champions were Śląsk Wrocław, who won their 1st Polish title.
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The 1978–79 I liga was the 53rd season of the Polish Football Championship and the 45th season of the I liga, the top Polish professional league for association football clubs, since its establishment in 1927. The league was operated by the Polish Football Association (PZPN). The champions were Ruch Chorzów, who won their 13th Polish title.
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Plaque commemorating Italian volunteers who fought in January Uprising. Olkusz In the Napoleonic period, many Polish soldiers, officers and volunteers therefore emigrated, especially to Italy and France. They formed the Polish Legions, considered a Polish army in exile, under French command. Their Polish commanders included Jan Henryk Dąbrowski, Karol Kniaziewicz, Józef Wybicki and Antoni Amilkar Kosiński.
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Books are most often sent to Polish schools which exist there—for example, in December 2010, The University of Wrocław organized an event called Become a Polish Santa Claus and Give a Book to a Polish Child in Kresy. Polish churches and cemeteries (such as Cemetery of the Defenders of Lwów) are renovated with money from Poland.
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Pg. 285. (In Polish) he was taken captive by the Cossacks in the Battle of Batoh, in which he commanded the Polish infantry. He was executed soon afterwards with a few thousands other Polish prisoners taken in that battle.
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6-ty ostatni przystanek is the name of the 2004 album by Polish band Ich Troje, released on Decca Records. The album is known as 6. ostatni przystanek in the native Polish. All tracks are in the Polish language.
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Andrzej Wrona (born 27 December 1988) is a Polish volleyball player, a former member of the Poland men's national volleyball team.At club level he plays for the Polish club VERVA Warszawa ORLEN Paliwa, 2014 World Champion, Polish Champion (2014).
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Jewish Lives in the Polish Language The Polish-Jewish Press, 1918--1939. Dissertation Abstracts International. 68-11. [Bloomington, Ind.]: Indiana University, 2007. pp. 60-61, 63 Nasz Przegląd was the most well-known Polish-Jewish newspaper in interwar Poland.
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Polish Venezuelans (, ) are Venezuelan citizens of full or partial Polish ancestry. The Polish colony in Venezuela is well dispersed throughout the country, but most of the Poles and their descendants live in big cities like Caracas, Maracaibo and Valencia.
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Dzielska became a member of the Polish Academy of Sciences and the Polish Academy of Learning. At her death, she was given a state funeral at which Polish president Andrzej Duda gave her the Order of the White Eagle.
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Polish BRDM-2 crossing a trench with the use of its belly wheels. Swimming Polish BRDM-2. Notice the raised trim board in the front of the vehicle and opened air inlets. Two Polish BRDM-2s on the move.
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However, only a couple of villages with large Polish minorities have bilingual signs yet (Vendryně/Wędrynia for instance). For a list of all municipalities with a Polish population of at least 10%, see Polish municipalities in the Czech Republic.
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Steindamm Church Steindamm Church (; ), St Nicholas' Church (Nikolaikirche, or Nikolauskirche; Polish: kościół św. Mikołaja), or Polish Church (Polnische Kirche; Polish: kościół polski) was the oldest church in the city formerly known as Königsberg, and today known as Kaliningrad, Russia.
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Płomień Sosnowiec is a Polish professional volleyball team based in Sosnowiec, founded in 1992. A phoenix club of the successful Płomień Milowice, the club is a one time Polish Champion (1996) and two–time Polish Cup winner (2003, 2004).
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Kazimierz Wierzyński, 1928 Kazimierz Wierzyński (Drohobycz, Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, 27 August 1894 - 13 February 1969, London) was a Polish poet and journalist; an elected member of the prestigious Polish Academy of Literature in the Second Polish Republic.
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Lubawa is an important centre of furniture industry. Also, a "Lubawa S.A." company is located there, which is the biggest Polish producer of military equipment such as bulletproof vests, currently used by the Polish Army and the Polish press.
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Fire in the Steppe was adapted to the screen by Polish director Jerzy Hoffman in 1968, as Colonel Wolodyjowski. The film was also serialised on Polish television under the title The Adventures of Sir Michael (Polish: Przygody pana Michała).
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Our Lady of Łukawiec (Polish: Matka Boża Łukawiecka), earlier Our Lady of Tartaków (Polish: Matka Boża Tartakowska), also known as Our Lady Full of Graces (Polish: Matka Boża Łaskawa) is a Roman Catholic icon of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
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The karabin maszynowy obserwatora wz.37 (Polish for "observers machine gun") is a Polish version of the Browning wz.1928. It was a flexible machine gun used in the some Polish airplanes in the beginning of World War II.
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The first Polish Hindu temple was established in 1980 in Czarnów, Lower Silesian Voivodeship (New Shantipur Temple in Czarnów). Main ISKCON temple is New Ramana Reti Temple in Mysiadło (est. in 1989).Polish ISKCON history (in Polish), accessed 2010.8.
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In April 2017 the Ukrainian Institute of National Remembrance forbade the exhumation of Polish victims of the 1943 massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia as part of the broader action of halting the legalization of Polish memorial sites in Ukraine, in a retaliation for the dismantling of a monument to UPA soldiers in Hruszowice, Eastern Poland., Carnegie Europe"Ukrainians call on Poland to rebuild controversial monument", Radio Poland Polish President Andrzej Duda expressed his concerns with appointment to high Ukrainian offices of people expressing nationalistic anti-Polish views. The Ukrainian foreign ministry stated that there is no general anti-Polish sentiment in Ukraine., UNIAN In 2017, Polish Foreign Minister Witold Waszczykowski announced plans to bar Ukrainians with anti-Polish views, as a reaction to the disrespect to the Polish cemetery in Lviv following a Ukrainian accusation of Polish "occupation" in the city.
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As these communities grew, even if many Poles had integrated with local British educational and religious institutions, the Polish Catholic Mission in England and Wales, in agreement with the English and Scottish hierarchies, considered that Polish priests should minister to Polish parishioners.The Polish Catholic Mission in England and Wales – , 2005 The original Polish church in London in Devonia Road, Islington was bought in 1928 with much delay, following the First World War. However canonically, subsequent Polish "parishes" are actually branches of the Polish Catholic Mission and not parishes in the conventional sense and are accountable to the episcopate in Poland, through a vicar delegate, although each is located in a British Catholic diocese, to whom it owes the courtesy of being connected. The first post-war Polish "parish" in London was attached to Brompton Oratory in South Kensington, followed by a chapel in Willesden staffed by Polish Jesuits.
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Teresa Marczewska (born January 6, 1948 in Jarosław) is a Polish actress and the wife of the Polish film director Wojciech Marczewski.
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Jakub Ziobrowski (born 23 January 1997) is a Polish–American volleyball player, a member of the Polish club VERVA Warszawa ORLEN Paliwa.
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Dawid Tomasz Woch (born 16 May 1997) is a Polish volleyball player, a member of the Polish club Indykpol AZS Olsztyn, PlusLiga.
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Bieńkowski - is a Polish coat of arms. It was used by one szlachta family in the times of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
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Korwin is a Polish coat of arms. It was used by several szlachta families in the times of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
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At the end of 2008, all 900 Polish troops remaining in Iraq were withdrawn, with about a dozen Polish military advisors remaining.
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Brodzic is a Polish coat of arms. It was used by several szlachta families in the times of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
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Tomasz Ptak (born February 9, 1992 in Braniewo) is a Polish footballer who currently plays for Zagłębie Lubin in the Polish Ekstraklasa.
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The Polish community in Pakistan comprises Pakistani citizens of Polish ancestry as well with Poles who migrated to and reside in Pakistan.
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Juńczyk - is a Polish coat of arms. It was used by several szlachta families in the times of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
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Kurowski is a Polish coat of arms. It was used by several szlachta families in the times of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
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Hornowski is a Polish coat of arms. It was used by several szlachta families in the times of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
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Krukowski - is a Polish coat of arms. It was used by one szlachta family in the times of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
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Rogala is a Polish coat of arms. It was used by several szlachta families in the times of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
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Weiher - is a Polish coat of arms. It was used by several szlachta families in the times of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
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Mikołaj Lebedyński (Polish pron. ; born October 14, 1990 in Szczecin) is a Polish footballer who plays as a forward for Chrobry Głogów.
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Nycz is a Polish coat of arms. It was used by several szlachta families in the times of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
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Przykorwin - is a Polish coat of arms. It was used by several szlachta families in the times of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
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Materna is a Polish coat of arms. It was used by one szlachta family in the times of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
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Szeliga - is a Polish Coat of Arms. It was used by several szlachta families in the times of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
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Rosyniec - is a Polish Coat of Arms. It was used by several szlachta families in the times of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
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Both were blown up in 1920 by the Polish troops retreating from Kyiv following the joint Polish-Ukrainian anti-Soviet Kyiv Offensive.
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It reached number 28 on the Polish Albums Chart, and was certified platinum by the Polish Society of the Phonographic Industry (ZPAV).
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The Polish Academy Special Awards was an annual special award given since 2001 to 2003, as part of the Polish Film Awards.
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The Polish Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor is an annual award given to the best Polish supporting actor of the year.
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The Polish Academy Award for Best Film Score is an annual award given to the best Polish film score of the year.
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The Polish Academy Award for Best Film Director is an annual award given to the best Polish film director of the year.
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The Polish Academy Award for Best Costume Design is an annual award given to the best Polish costume design of the year.
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The Polish Academy Award for Best Sound is an annual award given to the best Polish sound-on-film of the year.
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Wysocki - is a Polish coat of arms. It was used by several szlachta families in the times of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
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Sołtyk - is a Polish coat of arms. It was used by several szlachta families in the times of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
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Tarnawa - is a Polish Coat of Arms. It was used by several szlachta families in the times of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
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Paulina Mikuła (born June 30, 1988 in Tomaszów Lubelski) is a Polish television presenter, Internet personality, and popularizer of Polish language knowledge.
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Hodyc is a Polish coat of arms. It was used by several szlachta families in the times of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
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The Society’s main goal is the preservation, promotion and development of Polish culture, Polish language, traditions and customs within a Canadian context.
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Polish Film Festival in Gdynia 1976 at the Internet Movie Database In 2015 he was awarded the Polish Academy Life Achievement Award.
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J. F. Kutolowsky, "British Economic Interests and the Polish Uprising, 1861-1864." The Polish Review. Vol 29, no. 4, (1984), p. 9.
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Suchekomnaty is a Polish Coat of Arms. It was used by several szlachta families in the times of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
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Maciej Lewandowski (born April 24, 1985) is a retired Polish figure skater. He appeared in the Polish version of Dancing on Ice.
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Autumn road (1912). Stanislav Yulianovich Zhukovsky (Polish: Stanisław Żukowski, ) (1873–1944) was a Polish-Russian painter, and a member of Mir iskusstva.
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Sławomir Jarczyk (born 18 August 1980 in Chorzów) is a Polish footballer (defender) who plays for Polish Orange Ekstraklasa side Wisła Płock.
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Dariusz Stachowiak (born 18 July 1984 in Września) is a Polish footballer (midfielder) who plays for Polish Orange Ekstraklasa side ŁKS Łódź.
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Demons of War (Polish: Demony wojny według Goi) is a 1998 Polish war film by Władysław Pasikowski set during the Bosnian War.
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Jacek Andrzej Bazański (born 11 August 1958, Warsaw) is a Polish diplomat. He is currently serving as the Polish ambassador to Kenya.
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