In a short article in a 1956 issue of American Anthropologist, Horace Miner set out, through a clever pasquinade of his profession's treatment of other cultures, to call attention to this kind of bias.
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The Menippean satire has been classed as a type of pasquinade. During the Roman Empire, statues would be decorated with anonymous brief verses or criticisms.
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Variants of this described France and Italy. The first translation of the 1606 Polish pasquinade from Latin into Polish appeared in the 1630s. Kot translated it in 1937.
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Pasquinades can take a number of literary forms, including song, epigram, and satire. Compared with other kinds of satire, the pasquinade tends to be less didactic and more aggressive, and is more often critical of specific persons or groups. The name "pasquinade" comes from Pasquino, the nickname of a Hellenistic statue, the remains of a type now known as a Pasquino Group, found in the River Tiber in Rome in 1501 – the first of a number of "talking statues of Rome" which have been used since the 16th century by locals to post anonymous political commentary. The verse pasquinade has a classical source in the satirical epigrams of ancient Roman and Greek writers such as Martial, Callimachus, Lucillius, and Catullus.
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1606 Latin pasquinade containing the phrase Paradisus Judaeorum. The text's occasion was a celebration of the December 1605 wedding of Sigismund III Vasa and Constance of Austria. Paradisus Judaeorum is a Latin phrase which became one of four members of a popular 19th-century Polish-language saying describing the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569–1795) as "heaven for the nobility, purgatory for townspeople, hell for peasants, paradise for Jews". The earliest written attestation is an anonymous 1606 Latin pasquinade that begins, "Regnum Polonorum est".
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Kot thinks that the anonymous author of the 1606 pasquinade may have been inspired by examples of proverbs from other European countries.. Sixteenth- century England was depicted as "the paradise of women, the hell of horses, and the purgatory of servants".Speake, Jennifer, ed. (2015). Oxford Dictionary of Proverbs. 6th edition.
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Pasch was retired from racing to become a breeding stallion at Morriss's Banstead Manor stud. After completing one season at stud he became ill in September 1939 and died shortly afterwards of meningitis. His foals included a filly named Pasquinade who became a successful broodmare, producing Royal Serenade (Nunthorpe Stakes, Hollywood Gold Cup) and Royal Palm (Nunthorpe Stakes).
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It is mostly Francia's vulgar rambling, including accusing meek Patiño of attempting to usurp him. The author of the pasquinade is never discovered in spite of their high scrutiny. The second text is the "Circular Perpetual" that Francia also dictates to Patiño. It is his version of the origins of Paraguayan history, particularly of how he came to power.
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It is one of the plays that triggered the Theatrical Licensing Act of 1737. Anthony Pasquin is the pseudonym of John Williams (1761–1818) and his satirical writing of royalties, academicians, and actors. Pasquino was a pen name of J. Fairfax McLaughlin (1939–1903), American lawyer and author. Pasquinade is the title of a piano solo piece by Louis Moreau Gottschalk.
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The antisemitic and homophobic attack on Arnsztajnowa and others was originally authored by Jerzy Pietrkiewicz and published in the ultra-nationalist and antisemitic periodical Myśl Narodowa ("National Thought"), but Prosto z mostu went beyond the text of the original racist pasquinade in its attempt to disseminate, defend and justify it.Jerzy Pietrkiewicz, "W rozmównicy" (In the Chat Room), Myśl Narodowa (Warsaw), vol. 17, No. 29, 18 July 1937, p. 458\.
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Creation of the Worlds : May it be that instead of painstaking research we can "grow" new information from available information in an automatic way? Starting with this question Lem evolves the concept to the creation of whole new Universes, including (as a special treat) the construction of a heaven/hell/afterlife enabled one. ; 8. Pasquinade on Evolution : Biological evolution did a rather lousy job designing humans and other animals.
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A column in the Jewish Daily Forward claims the word as a Yiddish term (pashkevil) borrowed from Polish paszkwil, which itself came from the French pasquil, from the Italian pasquinata (as does the English term "pasquinade" for a satire or lampoon).On Language by Philologos: A Nude Who Inspired Modesty. Jewish Daily Forward, August 01, 2003. The term has also been explained as a Yiddish word mean "protest or cry for help".
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During her lifetime, Elizabeth was the subject of several satirical pamphlets. A pasquinade entitled The Cuckoo's Nest at Westminster (1648) included ludicrous dialogue between the Protectress and Lady Fairfax. This broadside, printed before Cromwell's inauguration in the Protectorship, exhibits how early and how generally the Lord Protector's public views of personal aggrandizement were challenged by some contemporaries. Henry Neville's scurrilous pamphlet News from the New Exchange (1650) accused Elizabeth of intemperance and a love of intrigue.
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The bishop was a notable example of the epicurean clergymen of the period and he applied himself with zeal to the port, to the near complete exclusion of his fellow diners. Nothing was said, but when the bishop entered the college chapel the following day to preach a sermon he discovered the following pasquinade attached to the lectern. > The Bishop of Norwich is fond of his Port. > Too fond, for the Villain won't pass when he ought.
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Roman pasquinades beside the Pasquino statue in 2017. Postering on the statue is prohibited, and "pasquinades" must be placed on a side board. A pasquinade or pasquil is a form of satire, usually an anonymous brief lampoon in verse or prose, and can also be seen as a form of literary caricature. The genre became popular in early modern Europe, in the 16th century, though the term had been used at least as early as the 15th century.
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The Cardinal's actions led to a custom of criticizing the pope or his government by the writing of satirical poems in broad Roman dialect—called "pasquinades" from the Italian "pasquinate"—and attaching them to the statue "Pasquino". Thus Pasquino became the first "talking statue" of Rome. He spoke out about the people's dissatisfaction, denounced injustice, and assaulted misgovernment by members of the Church. From this tradition are derived the English-language terms pasquinade and pasquil, which refer to an anonymous lampoon in verse or prose.
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Over time, the 1606 pasquinade lapsed into obscurity, reduced to the popular proverb.. The proverb contrasts the disparate situations of four social classes in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The privileged nobility (szlachta) is at the top ("heaven for the nobility"), and the impoverished, usually enserfed peasantry are at the bottom ("hell for peasants"). The other two commonly named classes are the townspeople (or burghers) and the Jews. By the 16th century, the position of townspeople in the Commonwealth had been in decline (hence, "purgatory for townspeople").
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The novel is also clearly influenced by earlier writing on dictatorship, predominantly Domingo Sarmiento's Facundo. The similarities can be seen in how both novels are written by exiles, in their thinly veiled attacks on their homeland's current dictator, and in their authors' shared use of 'pasquinade/hand-written message' devices to begin both novels. Francia's "Perpetual Circular" also contains several allusions to the Argentine gaucho Juan Facundo Quiroga, as well as to the dictator Juan Manuel de Rosas, both of whom were the object of Sarmiento's critique.
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Concerning this, an anonymous contemporary Roman satirist quipped in a pasquinade (a publicly posted poem) that quod non fecerunt barbari fecerunt Barberini ("What the barbarians did not do the Barberinis [Urban VIII's family name] did"). In 1747, the broad frieze below the dome with its false windows was "restored," but bore little resemblance to the original. In the early decades of the 20th century, a piece of the original, as could be reconstructed from Renaissance drawings and paintings, was recreated in one of the panels.
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As a high official in the play puts it, this work is "a pasquinade on Moscow". The play depicts certain social and official stereotypes in the characters of Famusov, who hates reform; his secretary, Molchalin, who fawns over officials; and the aristocratic young liberal and Anglomaniac, Repetilov. By contrast the hero of the piece, Chatsky, an ironic satirist just returned from western Europe, exposes and ridicules the weaknesses of the rest. His words echo the outcry of the young generation in the lead-up to the armed insurrection of 1825.
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In 1637, Bridgeman was compelled to take severe measures to end pilgrimages to St Winefride's Well, Flintshire, considered a hotbed of recusancy by the government. He died in 1638 at Ludlow. He seems to have been a harsh and unpopular judge, as Ralph Gibbon composed the following pasquinade upon his death: > Here lies Sir John Bridgeman clad in his clay; > God said to the devil, Sirrah, take him away. He is buried in Ludlow's St Laurence's Church, where the monument to him and his wife is attributed to court sculptor Francesco Fanelli.
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They are arranged by a 'Compiler' whose footnotes tell the story of how the book was put together. The body of the novel is composed of a polemical collection of versions of Paraguayan history. The first text is what the Supreme dictates to his assistant Patiño, about what is happening in the present. This includes the constant abuses Francia heaps upon Patiño and their attempts to discover the authors of a pasquinade, found nailed to the door of the Asunción Cathedral, that falsely announces Francia's death and burial arrangements.
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The term has also been used in various literary satirical lampoons across Europe, and appears in Italian works (Pietro Aretino, Mazzocchi), French (Clément Marot, Mellin de Saint-Gelais), German, Dutch, Polish (, Andrzej Krzycki, Stanisław Orzechowski, ), and others. The genre also existed in English, with Thomas Elyot's Pasquill the Playne (1532) being referred to as "probably the first English pasquinade." They have been relatively less common in Russian, Ukrainian, and Belarussian. Most of the known pasquinades are anonymous, distinguishing them from longer and more formal literary satires such as William Langland's Piers Plowman.
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Ganon has kidnapped Link and stolen the seven celestial signs, creating an "Age of Darkness" in the kingdom of Tolemac. Princess Zelda is recruited by the court astrologer Gaspra (played by Mark Andrade) to collect the signs to defeat Ganon and save Link. Guided by the words of Shurmak, Zelda must first travel through the forest to the Shrine of Rock, where she encounters Llort, a greedy minion of Ganon who protects the first celestial sign. Gaspra appears to congratulate Zelda and direct her to the Shrine of Illusion where she faces Pasquinade to earn the second celestial sign.
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Some sources suggest that the first postings were little more than schoolboys taunting their teachers, but the statues quickly became a major outlet for critiquing government and religious leaders. Pasquino became so famous that his name was turned into an English word, pasquinade, which means a satirical protest in poetry. A number of popes, who were often the butt of criticism from the statues, sought to limit the posting of commentary on Pasquino. Adrian VI planned to have it thrown into the Tiber River, and was only dissuaded when told that, like a frog, the statue would only croak louder in water.
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In 1589 one of the contributors to the Marprelate Controversy, a pamphlet war between the Established Church of England and its puritan opponents, adopted the pseudonym Pasquill. At the end of his second pamphlet The Return of Pasquill (published in October 1589), Pasquill invites critics of his opponent Martin Marprelate to write out their complaints and post them up on London Stone. Pasquin is the name of a play by Henry Fielding from 1736. It was a pasquinade in that it was an explicit and personalized attack on the Prime Minister Robert Walpole and his supporters.
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He directed all his efforts at the development of a "moral system" intended to replace supernatural Christianity. Having become a Freemason at some point, Bahrdt founded a secret society to that purpose in 1787 called the German Union of the Two and Twenty, from its original number of members. To make time for more writing, he gave up his lectures, although he opened a new inn at Weinberg near Halle. In 1789, he was arrested partly on account of a pasquinade he had written concerning a religious edict passed by Prussia the year before, owing to the religious reaction that set in upon the death of Frederick the Great.
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In the American colonies, Benjamin Franklin wrote fake news about murderous "scalping" Indians working with King George III in an effort to sway public opinion in favor of the American Revolution. Canards, the successors of the 16th century pasquinade, were sold in Paris on the street for two centuries, starting in the 17th century. In 1793, Marie Antoinette was executed in part because of popular hatred engendered by a canard on which her face had been printed. During the era of slave-owning in the United States, supporters of slavery propagated fake news stories about African Americans, whom white people considered to have lower status.
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Modern pasquinades in Italian on the base of the statue Pasquino or Pasquin (Latin: Pasquillus) is the name used by Romans since the early modern period to describe a battered Hellenistic-style statue perhaps dating to the third century BC, which was unearthed in the Parione district of Rome in the fifteenth century. It is located in a piazza of the same name on the southwest corner of the Palazzo Braschi (Museo di Roma); near the site where it was unearthed. The statue is known as the first of the talking statues of Rome, because of the tradition of attaching anonymous criticisms to its base. The satirical literary form pasquinade (or "pasquil") takes its name from this tradition.
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He was the author of many good translations from the Greek into Latin verse, amongst others, of versions of the Hero and Leander attributed to Musaeus, and of many epigrams from the Greek Anthology. In his translations into French, among which are remarked those of George Buchanan's Jephtha (1567), and of Oppian's De Venatione (1575), he is not so happy, being rather to be praised for fidelity to his original than for excellence of style. His principal claim to a place among memorable satirists is as one of the authors of the Satire Ménippée, the famous pasquinade in the interest of his old pupil, Henry IV, in which the harangue put into the mouth of cardinal de Pelve is usually attributed to him.
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As novels such as El Señor Presidente became more well-known, they were read as ambitious political statements, denouncing the authority of dictators in Latin America. As political statements, dictator novel authors challenged dictatorial power, creating a link between power and writing through the force wielded by their pen. For example, in Roa Bastos's I, The Supreme, the novel revolves around a central theme of language and the power inherent in all of its forms, a power that is often only present in the deconstruction of communication. González Echevarría argues that: > Dr. Francia's fear of the pasquinade, his abuse of Policarpo Patiño ..., > [and] his constant worry about writing all stem from the fact that he has > found and used the power implicit in language itself.
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The evidence adduced in support of Müller having been the author (or one of the authors) of "Der Bücherdieb Antenor" is very far from conclusive. According to an old chronicle, on 31 October 1658 Schupp took a copy of "Der Bücherdieb Antenor" into his pulpit at Hamburg and used a sermon to complain to his congregation about the treatment he had been accorded in it by "Butyrolambius". By the time the Hamburg church establishment had used their influence to ensure that Schupp could no longer find a printer in Hamburg for his pamphlets which instead were now being printed in Wolfenbüttel (Dithmarschen). In December 1658 Schupp took a trip to Wolfenbüttel, where he made the time to compose not one but two pamphlets on the offending pasquinade.
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The pamphlet was such a success that it started Aretino's career and established him as a famous satirist, ultimately known as "the Scourge of Princes". Aretino prospered, living from hand to mouth as a hanger-on in the literate circle of his patron, sharpening his satirical talents on the gossip of politics and the Papal Curia, and turning the coarse Roman pasquinade into a rapier weapon of satire, until his sixteen ribald Sonetti Lussuriosi (Lust Sonnets) written to accompany Giulio Romano's exquisitely beautiful but utterly pornographic series of drawings engraved by Marcantonio Raimondi under the title I Modi finally caused such outrage that he had to temporarily flee Rome. After Leo's death in 1521, his patron was Cardinal Giulio de' Medici, whose competitors for the papal throne felt the sting of Aretino's scurrilous lash. The installation of the Dutch pope Adrian VI ("la tedesca tigna" in Pietro's words) instead encouraged Aretino to seek new patrons away from Rome, mainly with Federico II Gonzaga in Mantua, and with the condottiero Giovanni de' Medici ("Giovanni delle Bande Nere").
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Given his predisposition to letters, no less than to invective, Franco soon became the secretary of Aretino and, after a few years, he decided to go freelance, offering his services to well-known personages of the day. Aretino was averse to this initiative and after some verbal or written exchanges, the dispute ended with Franco receiving a dagger blow to his face from Ambrogio Eusebi, the friend of Aretino, that left him scarred,, and resulted in his decision to move to another city. He travelled the Italian peninsula offering his services to various gentlemen and lords (Casale Monferrato, Mantua, Cosenza, Naples) arriving in Rome in 1558. While in Rome he thought of starting the career of writer and libelist, putting his pen at the disposal of the various powerful citizens, from whom he was soon hired to produce eulogies, invectives, licentious sonnets and any other literary product requested at the time, including some pasquinade; but shortly after his arrival, on 15 July 1558 he was arrested in the home of Bartolomeo Camerario, then praefectus annonae, who was also arrested for embezzlement, and Franco remained in prison for eight months.
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