133 Sentences With "oker" | Random Sentence Generator

"Witnesses ... testified that he was nice, respectful, kind," said public defender Susan Oker.

" At sentencing, defense attorney Susan Oker told the judge, "The sentences imposed must allow for the possibility of consideration of release.

The participating artists are Ana Seixas, André da Loba, Andy Calabozo, Caver, Daniel Eime, Elleonor, Joana Estrela, MaisMenos, Mots, and Oker + Contra.

"The government still doesn't accept Alevism as a legitimate belief," said Turgut Oker, the head of the European Alevi Federation, and an organizer of the march.

On any day, looking out of a train window would be like attending an exhibition of London's graffiti writers—names like Zombie, Oker, Fume, Teach, and others.

Altenau The Oker Valley (Okertal) Oker Dam The Verlobungsinsel and Verlobung Bridge in the Oker valley near Romkerhall The Oker rises at about 910 metres in the Harz National Park in a boggy area on the Bruchberg in the Harz mountains of central Germany. This early section is known as the Große Oker ("Great Oker") and it is impounded below Altenau by the Oker Dam. From the dam wall to the former village of Oker, which is today part of Goslar, the Oker is on certain occasions suitable for canoeing. This section, often called the "Oker Valley" (Okertal), includes the Romkerhall Waterfall.

Celil Oker in 2017. Celil Oker (1952 – 5 May 2019) was a Turkish crime fiction writer.

The 12.8 kilometre long route is single-tracked between Vienenburg and Oker. For much of its way the line follows the river Oker. The section from Oker to Goslar has been doubled.

The Oker Dam () is a dam in the Harz mountains in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is fed by the River Oker.

The Oker Weir in Oker Raft on the Oker Bypass Channel in Braunschweig From the village of Oker the River Oker flows away in a northeasterly direction to Vienenburg, where it is joined from the south by the Radau and then from the southeast by the Ecker. After these two confluences the river continues southeast past the Harly Forest, after which it bends north to flow through Schladen and Wolfenbüttel to Braunschweig. In south Braunschweig the Oker is dammed by the Eisenbüttel Weir. In the Bürgerpark shortly before Braunschweig's old town the Oker divides into the western and eastern bypass channels (Umflutgraben) which circumnavigate the historic city centre at a slightly higher level.

Harlingerode is located south of the highway-like built Bundesstraße 6 and the Bundesautobahn 369. Highway exits are Goslar-Oker to the west and Harlingerode to the east. Furthermore, Harlingerode is penetrated by the Oker–Bad Harzburg railway. Rural roads connect Harlingerode to Oker, Immenrode, Bettingerode, and Schlewecke.

Radau is a river of Lower Saxony, Germany. It is right tributary of the Oker. It rises in the Harz range, leaves the mountains at Bad Harzburg, and discharges into the Oker near Vienenburg.

Ohebach is a river of Lower Saxony, Germany. It is a left tributary of the Oker.

After that, several wood sanding works were set up in the lower Oker valley. The rocks of the Romkerhall Waterfall had attracted attention even before the waterfall was created. From 1861, the Forestry and Hunting Division in Brunswick leased an area of 40 square rods and two acres from the forest hamlet of Käste No. 3, Oker Mining District, to innkeeper Lüer from Oker for the purpose of establishing an inn.Lower Saxon State Archives, Wolfenbüttel, 50 Neu 5 No. 4817.

Here the Romke stream drops about in height over a waterfall laid out in 1863 into the Oker. Downstream in the river's fast-flowing waters, the Verlobungsinsel ("Betrothal Island") is to be found. Left and right of the Oker in this area are many crags that are popular with climbers. In the Goslar vicinity of Oker the river is seriously polluted with heavy metals from the slag heaps as well as groundwater and surface runoff from the metal smelters there.

Königsberg It is the newest dam in the Harz, built in 1969 in the Grane valley. Because the river Grane itself does not deliver enough water for the 3 km long reservoir, a 7.4 km long diversion channel was built from the Oker river below the Oker Dam. This also collects water from the Gose on the way. A further 4.8 km long diversion runs from the Radau to the Großer Romke and thus into the Oker-Grane Tunnel as well.

Dorstadt is located in the northern foothills of the Harz mountain range. The municipal area stretches from the eastern slopes of the Oderwald hills down to the Oker river, about halfway between Wolfenbüttel and Schladen. Neighbouring municipalities are Ohrum in the north and Heiningen in the south, as well as Börßum east of the Oker.

Here it is joined by the Gose from the left before the Abzucht swings towards the east. After running through the Old Town (Altstadt) of Goslar it continues on, accompanied by the B 498 federal road to Goslar-Oker where it discharges into the Oker from the left at an elevation of . Along its long course the Abzucht descends a total of , which represents an average incline of 15.5 ‰. The stream drains a catchment area of before its waters pass down the Oker, Aller and Weser to the North Sea.

Romkerhalle lies in the Upper Harz within the Harz Nature Park, around 5 kilometres south of the village of Oker in the borough of Goslar and about 1.5 kilometres (both distances as the crow flies) northeast of the Oker Reservoir on the B 498 federal road which runs parallel to the River Oker, here at a height of . About 200 metres to the south is the Romkerhalle Hydropower Station, in which electricity is generated from the waters of the reservoir. The inn belongs to the town of Goslar and the electricity station to the municipality of Schulenberg im Oberharz to the south of Goslar in the collective municipality of Oberharz. Between the power station and Romkerhalle the Große Romke and Kleine Romke streams approach from the east and discharge into the Oker.

The Oker River enters the district in the south, runs through the city of Wolfenbüttel (the district seat), and exits to the northwest.

It descends to Romkerhalle, where once a large, arched stone bridge crossed the Oker. Under the direction of the chief mining engineer (Oberbergmeister), Ahrend, a new, "comfortable road" was driven through the Oker valley to the "birch valleys" (Birkentäler). This was built from 1856 to 1861 with great difficulty, requiring the blasting of large quantities of rock down to the river banks and costing a total of 28,945 thalers. In 1865, under the direction of the chief smelting engineer, timber was rafted for the last time on the river and the weir on the Oker below the church, built in 1542, was removed.

On several reservoirs in the Harz, a variety of water sports is permitted and, on a number of rivers originating in the Harz, there are opportunities for canoeing and other sports on white water sections. International canoe and kayak competitions take place on the Oker below the Oker Dam. The white water on this stretch of river is partly a result of the raised levels of discharge from the Oker Reservoir and so is largely independent of the weather. Several hills provide a base for airborne activities, such as gliding and hang-gliding, notably the Rammelsberg near Goslar.

The destruction rate in Braunschweig's downtown core (within the "Oker Ring", the Oker being a river that encircles Braunschweig) stood at about 90%, and the overall figure for Braunschweig as a whole was 42%. The attack on the city produced an estimated 3 670 500 m³ of rubble. These figures put Braunschweig among Germany's most heavily damaged cities in the Second World War.

Warne is a river of Lower Saxony, Germany. The Warne springs west of Liebenburg. It is a left tributary of the Oker at Dorstadt.

Jan Martin Gismervik (born 1988 in Avaldsnes, Karmøy, Norway) is a Norwegian jazz musician (drums), known from bands like Monkey Plot, Torg, Oker, O, PGA.

The region comprises the northwestern part of the Harz mountains. The Harz National Park is part of this district. The highest peak is the Wurmberg (971 m) near Braunlage, also being the highest elevation of Lower Saxony. Above the small town of Altenau there is the source of the Oker river, which runs through the picturesque Oker valley to leave the Harz at Vienenburg.

Eine Chronik 1883–2007…, 2008 H. Schucht: Chronik und Heimatskunde des Hüttenortes Oker, 1888 Das Königreich Romkerhall und seine Geschichte, at koenigreich-romkerhall.eu F. Behme: Geologischer Harzführer…, 1922 H.-J. Franzke & I. Joss: Granitfelsen und Romkerhaller Wasserfall im Okertal…, ohne Jahr H.-J. Franzke & R. Müller: Exkursion in einem geologischen Profil durch den West- und Mittelharz, 2012 Harzer Wandernadel: Stempelstelle 116 / Verlobungsinsel in der Oker, at harzer-wandernadel.

The river's name was recorded around 830 as Obacra and, later, as Ovokare und Ovakara.H. Blume: Oker, Schunter, Wabe. In: Braunschweigisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte, vol. 86, 2005, p.

The Duchy's highest peak was the Wurmberg at 971 metres (3,186 ft). The major rivers that ran through Brunswick were the Weser, Aller, Leine, Oker, Bode and Innerste.

Mouth of the Schunter into the Oker near Groß Schwülper Since the early ninth century the middle Oker river has formed the diocesan boundary between the bishoprics of Halberstadt and Hildesheim, established by Emperor Charlemagne and his son Louis the Pious in the Duchy of Saxony. North of Schladen the royal palace (Königspfalz) of Werla was established on the banks about above the river bed. From the High Middle Ages the Oker between the villages of Ohrum and Börßum formed the eastern boundary of the Prince- Bishopric of Hildesheim with the Duchy of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, and further south to Wiedelah (today part of Vienenburg) with the Prince-Bishopric of Halberstadt, which became the Prussian Principality of Halberstadt following its secularization in 1648. The Bishopric of Halberstadt was likewise mediatised in 1803, and according to the Final Act of the 1815 Vienna Congress, the Oker was the eastern border of the Kingdom of Hanover with the Duchy of Brunswick and the Prussian Province of Saxony.

The line is worked by regional trains on the Goslar–Vienenburg–Brunswick route. On the Goslar–Oker section there trains also run from Hanover and Kreiensen to Bad Harzburg.

From the Kimmeridgian-age, semi-aquatic deposits of Oker, Lower Saxony, Germany two genera of teleosaurids (Steneosaurus and Machimosaurus) are known, in addition to the neosuchian genera Goniopholis and Theriosuchus.Karl H-V, Gröning E, Brauckmann C, Schwarz D, Knötschke N.2006. The Late Jurassic crocodiles of the Langenberg near Oker, Lower Saxony (Germany), and description of related materials (with remarks on the history of quarrying the "Langenberg Limestone" and "Obernkirchen Sandstone"). Clausthaler Geowissenschaften 5: 59-77.

Verlobungsinsel and Verlobungsbrücke in the Oker Valley near Romkerhall Romkerhall is both a departure point for several hiking trails as well as a waypoint on others. Downstream a path runs along the Oker, which is surrounded by high rocks that are used, mainly at weekends, by rock climbers. There are also many large boulders in the river which, in places, have formed small islands, including Betrothal Island (Verlobungsinsel), which is checkpoint no. 116 in the Harzer Wandernadel hiking system.

The Abzucht, also known in its upper reaches as the Wintertalbach, is a long, orographically left-hand, tributary of the Oker in Lower Saxony, Germany. The stream flows through the town of Goslar.

Near Romkerhalle, on the rocky eastern flanks of the Oker valley below a spur of the Huthberg, the Kleiner Romke (), the Romkerhall Waterfall (Romkerhaller Wasserfall) tumbles through a height of about 64 metres over the Romke Klippe crags (contemporaneously also known as the Rohmkerklippe or Marmorklippe). Its height makes it the highest artificial waterfall in the Harz Mountains. To create the waterfall, some of the waters of the Oker tributary, the Kleine Romke, are diverted along a roughly 350-metre-long ditch.

The major rivers crossing the municipal boundaries are the Oker with its Gose/Abzucht and Radau tributaries. The eponymic River Gose originates approximately south-west of Goslar at the Auerhahn Pass () east of the Bocksberg mountain. At the northern foot of the Herzberg () it meets the smaller Abzucht stream, before it flows into the Oker. The Dörpke and Gelmke streams also flow from the Harz foothills to the south into the Goslar municipal area, where they discharge into the Abzucht.

Börßum lies only a few kilometers north of the Harz Mountains, north of Schladen, on the east bank of the Oker, 11 km south of Wolfenbüttel. It is not far southeast of the Oderwald.

Friedrich Bouterwek. Friedrich Ludewig Bouterwek (15 April 1766 – 9 August 1828) was German philosopher and critic, born to a mining director at Oker, Electorate of Saxony; today a district of Goslar in Lower Saxony.

The Altenau is a small river of Lower Saxony, Germany. It rises in the Elm, northeast of , a district of Schöppenstedt, and discharges from the right into the Oker near , a district of Wolfenbüttel.

Bündheim is penetrated by the Landesstraße L 501, leading from Eckertal at the border to Saxony-Anhalt through Bad Harzburg to Göttingerode and Oker. Until the 1980s, this route was part of the Bundesstraße 6.

The Oker is a river in Lower Saxony, Germany, that has historically formed an important political boundary. It is a left tributary of the River Aller, in length and runs in a generally northerly direction.

Bündheim (), in Oker dialect: Binten () is a suburb that forms a municipial district of Bad Harzburg in the district of Goslar in Lower Saxony, Germany. As of June 30, 2018, Bündheim had a population of 5,238.

Schlewecke (), in Oker dialect: Sleiwecke () is a suburb that forms a municipial district of Bad Harzburg in the district of Goslar in Lower Saxony, Germany. As of June 30, 2018, Bündheim had a population of 1,753.

Entrance Johann Heinrich Blasius, founder of the botanical garden The botanical garden of the TU Braunschweig (Botanischer Garten der Technischen Universität Braunschweig) was founded in 1840 by Johann Heinrich Blasius on the banks of the River Oker on the grounds of the former stately mansion in the woods of Braunschweig, Lower Saxony, Germany. It was originally started in 1828 on the opposite bank of the Oker - a much smaller garden by Blasius, who sought a larger site. The old garden was lost in 1868. By 1900, there were 2700 species outside and 1200 in greenhouses.

After the foundation of the ancient Archbishopric of Magdeburg, the Diocese of Halberstadt covered the following Saxon Gau counties: Balsamgau, Derlingau, the western part of the Nordthüringgau, Harzgau, Schwabengau, and Hassegau. Thus, it stretched from the Oker river near Hornburg in the west, where it bordered on the Bishopric of Hildesheim, to the Saale in the east. The city of Brunswick, located on both sides of the Oker, was originally split between Halberstadt and Hildesheim until it passed to Duke Henry the Lion in 1142, who made it his residence.

The Oker with white water. A footpath is on the right bank. Former climbing areas on the Roßtrappe In summer, the main activity in the Harz, by far, is walking. In recent years Nordic walking has become increasingly popular.

Harlingerode lies between 190 and , increasing in height in southern direction. The Langenberg in the south is the most dominant landmark with its height of up to 304 m. The town is impenetrated by the Hurle, a tributary of the Oker.

"Weather With You" (Crowded House cover) in 2000). In 1995 they released the Oker album, which featured the single "Passie". In 1996, founder Bob Savenberg left the group. At the time he hosted the television format of the Ultratop 50.

An early medieval lowland castle, located at the confluence of the Abzucht and the Oker, was first mentioned as Sudburg in a 1064 deed issued by King Henry IV of Germany. Probably affiliated with the nearby royal palace of Werla, it lent its name to the adjacent Sudmerberg hill. Today, only the foundations remain of the fortress which fell into ruins in the 14th century. Wellspring and Girl with the umbrella In April 1935, Goslar's town council issued a development plan for the Sudmerberg settlement, mainly for employees of the nearby Rammelsberg ore mine (Preussag) and the Oker ironworks.

Königreich Romkerhall − das kleinste Königreich der Welt!, auf koenigreich-romkerhall.eu (Titel in Startseite) Topographische Karte Romkerhalle, at natur-erleben.niedersachsen.de K. B. Fischer: Chronik des Amtes Harzburg…, 1912 R. Wieries: Geschichte des Amtes Harzburg nach seinen Forst-, Flur- und Straßennamen, 1937 A. Saft: Oker.

Oderwald is a Samtgemeinde ("collective municipality") in the district of Wolfenbüttel, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated along the river Oker, approx. 10 km south of Wolfenbüttel. It is named after the Oderwald, a small chain of hills in the municipality.

The Harz is also home to Germany's first naturist hiking trail, the Harzer Naturistenstieg. In the Oker Valley and at Roßtrappe near Thale, there are rocks on the Hohneklippen (the Höllenklippe or the Feuerstein near Schierke, among several) that are used by climbers.

The low ridge is situated in the northern foothills of the Harz mountain range, stretching southeast of the Innerste Uplands from the Salzgitter Hills to the Oker river. It is located about —as the crow flies—northeast of Goslar and immediately north-northwest of the municipality of Vienenburg, surrounded by the villages of Weddingen, Lengde and Beuchte (all part of the Schladen-Werla municipality). The range is about long by wide and its eastern edge overlooks the Oker valley. It may be reached via the A 395 motorway from Brunswick, the B 241 and B 82 highways, as well as by several side roads and tracks branching off those roads.

Matthäus Merian's copperplate engraving of the Schloss, 1654 It was first recorded in 1074 and was built as a fort on the river Oker by Widekind of Wolfenbüttel, recorded between 1089 and 1118. In the Oker marshes there was already a small settlement known as Wulferisbuttle, sited on a trade route between the Rhine and Elbe and the bishoprics of Halberstadt and Hildesheim, used by both merchants and pilgrim monks. In 1191, the castle was destroyed by duke Henry the Lion, the head of the House of Welf and brother-in-law of King Richard Lionheart. It was then rebuilt by the Wolfenbüttel lords.

These channels were laid in the 16th century as the external moats of the town's defences. The actual course of the Oker through the centre of the town was covered and, today, runs through pipes emerging again north of the old town. The water level in the city area is controlled by the St. Peter's Gate Weir (Petritorwehr) in the western and the "Wends Weir" (Wendenwehr) in the eastern ditch. Following the merger of the two channels northwest of the city centre the Oker runs north of the district of in a culvert under the Mittelland Canal before it is joined by the Schunter from the east near Groß Schwülper.

The location of the former hillside castle () is about 1 km (as the crow flies) north-northeast of the town of Vienenburg (141 m above NN), in the county of Goslar and around 10 km (as the crow flies) northeast of the town of Goslar. The River Oker flows below the castle site to the south and east, around the southeastern end of the Harly Forest. A few hundred metres southwest of the Harliburg, in the Oker valley, lies Lake Vienenburg (Vienenburger See). Almost exactly 2 km west-northwest is the hill of Harlyberg (255.9 m above NN), the highest point of the Harly Forest.

Schladen is a village and a former municipality in the district of Wolfenbüttel, in Lower Saxony, Germany. Since 1 November 2013, it is part of the municipality Schladen-Werla. It is situated on the river Oker, approx. 15 km south of Wolfenbüttel, and 25 km south of Braunschweig.

The granitic plutons of the Harz Mountains - the Brocken, Ramberg and Oker plutonsFranke, Dietrich. Regionale Geologie von Ostdeutschland at regionalgeologie-ost.de. Accessed on 12 Dec 2010. \- were formed at the end of the Harz mountain building period (the Hercynian orogeny) during the Late Carboniferous about 300 million years ago.

When the Kingdom of Prussia annexed Hanover in 1866, it became the inner Prussian border between the provinces of Hanover and Saxony as well as the border, north of Börßum to Ohrum between the Province of Hanover in the west and the Duchy of Brunswick in the east. From 1945 to 1990 the Inner German border between East and West Germany ran down the centre of the Oker between Wiedelah and Schladen, today between the German states of Saxony-Anhalt and Lower Saxony. Since the Expo 2000 bridges over the Oker in Braunschweig and its surrounding area were artistically designed; after 2004 this was carried out as part of the Okerlicht project.

Göttingerode (), in Oker dialect: Jettchenrue () is a village in Germany and district of Bad Harzburg in the district of Goslar in Lower Saxony. As of June 30 2018, Göttingerode had a population of 986. It gained international relevance owing to the discovery of the Europasaurus in the Langenberg chalk quarry in 1999.

Around the same time, the marshland between the two branches of the Oker river was being drained and landfill being dumped there. This led to an undulating landscape. Being beyond the city walls, the nature of the area, it was used as a hideout for criminals. The prostitutes also settled here and disreputable bars opened.

Dankwarderode Castle was built between c. 1160 and 1175 as the Pfalz of Duke Henry the Lion on an island in the river Oker. Next to the castle, construction of Brunswick Cathedral began in 1173. The castle lost its military significance as a defensive structure early, when it became surrounded completely by the growing city.

The raised area above the Oker was probably settled in prehistoric times as indicated by numerous finds from that period, mainly ceramic, but also stone and bone tools.H. Schroller, "Ein steinzeitliches Hockergrab von der Werlaburg." Die Kunde 3, 1935, pp. 57–59. C. Redlich, "Die Knochennadeln von Werla." Die Kunde 3, 1936, pp. 59–65.

The Derlingau approximately consisted of the area between the river Oker in the west and the Lappwald forest in the east. It was bordered by (from the north, clockwise): Bardengau, Gau Osterwald, Nordthüringgau, Harzgau, Salzgau, Hastfalagau, Gau Flutwide, Gau Gretinge. Droysens Allgemeiner Historischer Handatlas, 1886, Plate 22. The most important town was Evessen, and later Brunswick.

After more than a decade as a partner in an agency he co- founded, he quit the industry in 1999. Subsequently he worked as a full-time lecturer in the Communication Faculty of İstanbul Bilgi University. He married and he has two children. In 2004, Celil Oker, Pınar Kur, Elif Safak, Murathan Mungan and Faruk Ulay wrote a novel.

At its foot, a few metres of dark slate-hornfels rocks of the Lower Carboniferous have been exposed. The waterfall rocks at the lookout platform consists of upper Devonian limestones, which are tectonically heavily deformed. About 290 million years ago, the molten Oker granite nearby hardened and overprinted all the nearby rocks in a process known as contact metamorphism.

Hornburg is a town and a former municipality in the Wolfenbüttel district, in the German state of Lower Saxony. Since 1 November 2013, it is part of the municipality Schladen-Werla. It is situated at the Ilse river, a tributary of the Oker. Hornburg is part of the Samtgemeinde ("collective municipality") Schladen and home to numerous historically valuable half-timber buildings (Fachwerkhäuser).

Diddersel is situated north of Braunschweig, between the Harz and the Lüneburg Heath, directly on the Oker banks. However, administrative it belongs to the district of Gifhorn. Didderse is around 500m to the east to the German highway 214 and around 6 km to the north of Bundesautobahn 2. Other bigger towns nearby are: Wolfsburg, Salzgitter, Wolfenbüttel, Gifhorn, Peine and Celle.

Jahrtausendrückblick einer Region, Braunschweig: Appelhans Verlag, pp. 753–766. . Charles was succeeded by his brother William VIII. During William's reign, liberal reforms were made and Brunswick's parliament was strengthened. During the 19th century, industrialisation caused a rapid growth of population in the city, eventually causing Brunswick to be for the first time significantly enlarged beyond its medieval fortifications and the River Oker.

Richmond Castle () is a castle built from 1768 to 1769 in Braunschweig, Germany for Princess (later Duchess) Augusta, wife of Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand. It lies near the Oker river in the south of the city. The architect was Carl Christoph Wilhelm Fleischer. The castle was named after the princess's English home in Richmond Park, a royal park now in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames.

East of the Leine river B 214 runs parallel to the Aller through the southern part of the Lüneburg Heath. It crosses the A 7 motorway at the Schwarmstedt exit. Behind Celle it changes direction to the southeast and continues on west of the river Oker. In Ohof near Meinersen it runs over the Hanover–Berlin high- speed railway, where there was a level crossing until 1997.

Asmus, Bastian (2012). Medieval Copper Smelting in the Harz mountains, Germany. Bochum. In the second major phase of mining in the Upper Harz from 1524, smelting was gradually moved into fixed sites. The transportation of logs as rafts and the use of water power led to the selection of advantageous sites on the rivers in the Harz - such as the Innerste, Grane and Oker.

The counts of Wernigerode had established themselves as relatively independent, aristocratic rulers in the Eastphalian lands north of the Harz range, rivalling with the comital House of Regenstein. For more than two centuries from the High Middle Ages, they ruled over extended estates stretching from the Oker river in the west to the glacial valley of the Großes Bruch. The male line finally died out in 1429.

The town's name, therefore, indicates an ideal resting place, as it lay by a ford across the Oker River. Another explanation of the city's name is that it comes from Brand, or burning, indicating a place which developed after the landscape was cleared through burning. The city was first mentioned in documents from the St. Magni Church from 1031, which give the city's name as Brunesguik.

Breymann was born in Oker, the son of a senior metal worker. He studied at University in Paris, Marburg and Bonn. He received a doctorate in 1868 from the University of Göttingen, where he had studied under Romanist Theodor Müller. Breymann next lived in Manchester and London, first as a private tutor in Manchester, before taking the position of associate professor at Owens College.

Radau in Bad Harzburg Since 1981, shares of the Radau waters are discharged to the Oker Dam and the Romkerhall hydroelectric plant run by the Harzwasserwerke company, as well as for drinking water treatment at the Grane Dam. While the upper current is almost left in its natural state, the lower sections are more obstructed; recently, fish ladders have been built to facilitate natural migration.

The family was originally named von Wolfenbüttel, and its first member, Widekind of Wolfenbüttel, is recorded between 1089 and 1118. As ministerialis to Egbert II, Margrave of Meissen, count of Brunswick, he held an influential position and was able to support the margrave in the Saxon rebellion against Emperor Henry IV. Widekind had a water castle erected, Schloss Wolfenbüttel, first recorded in 1074 as a fort on the river Oker. In the Oker marshes there was already a small settlement known as Wulferisbuttle, sited on the important trade route between the Rhine and Elbe, from Brunswick to Halberstadt and Leipzig, also connecting the bishoprics of Halberstadt and Hildesheim, and used by both merchants and pilgrim monks. In 1191 however, the castle was destroyed by duke Henry the Lion of Saxony, the head of the House of Welf and brother-in-law of King Richard Lionheart.

The municipal area is located in the northern foothills of the Harz mountain range, stretching along the Oker river. It borders on the Lower Saxon district of Goslar in the southwest and on the state of Saxony-Anhalt (at the former inner German border) in the southeast. The Schladen-Werla municipality comprises the localities of Beuchte, Gielde, Hornburg, Isingerode, Schladen, Wehre, and Werlaburgdorf. The administrative seat is at Schladen.

In the last days of the Second World War the Oker bridge of what is now the B 498 was blown up near Waldhaus and immediately south of Romkerhalle. This did not prevent the advance of the US Army, however. In addition, the inn was badly damaged and its reconstruction lasted until 1948. Since 1988, the various managers of the local restaurant have advertised the place as the "Kingdom of Romkerhall".

The present location name of Romkerhalle (initially Rohmker-Halle) was first used when Lüer's "board and lodging house" (Restauration und Logirhaus von H. Lüer was opened in 1863.Die vormals kaiserliche freie Reichsstadt Goslar am Harz, 1863, p. 153. In order to enhance the appeal of newly opened inn, in the same year the artificial waterfall was laid out.H. Schucht: Chronik und Heimatskunde des Hüttenortes Oker, Harzburg, 1888, p. 150.

Ditch near Altenau The history of the Dyke Ditch was initially closely related to the history of the Sperberhai Dyke. Not until the completion of the dyke in 1734 could large watercourses east of Clausthal be tapped into: the streams of the Großer and Kleiner Gerlachsbach. In the years that followed, the Dyke Ditch was continually extended eastwards. In 1736 it was extended as far as the Kleiner Oker.

In the short era of the Kingdom of Westphalia it belongs to the Canton Rötgesbüttel and with that to the Département Oker. In 1970 Rethen and 14 other municipalities formed the Samtgemeinde Papenteich with the administrative centre in Meine. In this time Rethen was still an independent municipality. The union with Vordorf and Eickhorst followed under the new name “Gemeinde Vordorf” (Municipality Vordorf) with the election of the first municipality council on June 28, 1974.

The Großes Bruch is a long wetland strip in Germany, stretching from Oschersleben in Saxony-Anhalt in the east to Hornburg, Lower Saxony in the west. The depression formed from a glacial valley. The lowland meadow landscape with numerous reed- and willow-fringed ditches is one to four kilometres wide and runs along the Großer Graben and Schiffgraben ditches connecting the river valleys of the Bode in the east and Oker in the west.

Between Goslar and Wernigerode, the mountains are especially striking, where their slopes rise steeply from the northern foothills. Between the mountains of the Harz rim run deep gorges. These include those of the Ilse river as well as the parallel valleys of the Oker, Ecker and Bode (Bode Gorge). Heine memorial tablet Heinrich Heine, the famous German writer, described the Ilse valley with its little river and the rocks of the Ilsestein enthroned above it.

All of the albums recordings took place at Marşandiz, Soundtrack, Digilocby TC and Dr. Voice studios. The crew of the album included: Metehan Köseoğlu (acoustic guitar), Görkem Oker (bass guitar), Mehmet Akatay (percussion), Eyüp Hamiş (reed), and Gündem Yaylı Group (violin). Hande Ünsal and Melda Gürbey both served as backing vocalist. His first single "Köle" was included in them album in its original form, in addition to an acoustic and new radio versions.

About 300 million years ago, the rocks were folded, sunk, metamorphosed by intruding granites, later uplifted again, and then exposed by erosion. That is how this old limestone comes to form the rocks over which the waterfall drops as well as the Rabenklippe crags to the west. In the intervening Oker valley is argillaceous Kulm slate. There is a path up to the top of the waterfall on the hillside north of the rocks.

On the surface level, Tabaru only allows syllables of the type (C)V. Words with an underlying final consonant add an echo vowel: ngówaka (/ngowak/) ′child′, ókere (/oker/) ′drink′, sárimi (/sarim/) ′paddle′, ódomo (/odom/) ′eat′, pálusu (/palus/) ′answer′. The echo vowel is dropped when a suffix is added: woísene (/woisen/) ′hear′, but woisenoka (/woisen/ + /oka/) ′heard′. Stress regularly falls on the penultimate syllable, but shifts to the antepenultimate when the word takes an echo vowel.

The village is located north of the Harz mountain range, about south of Wolfenbüttel and northeast of Goslar. It is situated between the forested Oderwald hill range in the northwest and the confluence of the Warne creek with the Oker River in the east. Werlaburgdorf has access to the Bundesautobahn 395 motorway at the Schladen junction. The former station was a stop on the Warnetal railway line from Börßum to Salzgitter-Bad until service discontinued in 1976.

Goslar is situated in the middle of the upper half of Germany, about south of Brunswick and about southeast of the state capital, Hanover. The Schalke mountain is the highest elevation within the municipal boundaries at . The lowest point of is near the Oker river. Geographically, Goslar forms the boundary between the Hildesheim Börde which is part of the Northern German Plain, and the Harz range, which is the highest, northernmost extension of Germany's Central Uplands.

The Hildesheim Börde is characterised by plains with rich clay soils – used agriculturally for sugar beet farming – interlaced with several hill ranges commonly known as the Hildesheim Forest and Salzgitter Hills. In the northeast the Harly Forest stretches down to the River Oker, in the east, Goslar borders on the German state of Saxony-Anhalt. Immediately to the south, the Harz range rise above the historic borough at a height of at Mt. Rammelsberg. Extended forests dominate the landscape.

Hutthal Ditch Control weir on the Dyke Ditch where it discharges into the Große Oker The Upper Harz Ditches () are hillside ditches, running roughly parallel to the contour lines, that were laid out in the Upper Harz in Germany from the 16th to the 19th centuries to supply water power to the silver mines there. They are an important component of the Upper Harz Water Regale, a historical water system that is now a cultural monument.

It is situated east of the valley of the Radau River, where it leaves the Harz range and flows through the northern foothills towards its confluence with the Oker. The southern outskirts of Bad Harzburg reach up to the foot of the forested slopes. View over Kleiner Burgberg and the Northern Lowland North of the Großer Burgberg summit is the Kleiner Burgberg spur at . Both peaks offer sweeping views over the town and the Northern Lowland.

The girls of the Chugach people mainly played this in autumn because it was believed this weaving captured the sunrays and thus delayed the beginning of winter. Often the creation of string figures was accompanied by rhymes and songs describing tales, legends and myths.Frederic V. Grunfeld (Ed.), Oker: Spiele der Welt II. (in German) Fischer, Frankfurt/M 1984. The Inuit had developed winter clothing that ensured an effective use of the body heat, avoiding holes that would allow air to leak out.

Three intermediate level schools (5-10), the Andre-Mouton Realschule, the Realschule Hoher Weg, and the Realschule Goldene Aue prepare their pupils for a professional career. Furthermore, two vocational schools (5-9/10) exist: the Hauptschule Oker, and the Hauptschule Kaiserpfalz. The Sonderschule caters to children with learning difficulties and special needs. The supplementary public Waldorf school Harz – Branch Goslar, educates its students along a more spiritual line termed anthroposophy, which is based on the teachings of the Austrian pedagogue Rudolf Steiner.

The Harz offers a range of climbing areas like, the Oker valley, with its rock outcrops (Klippen); the Adlerklippen being especially popular. The Harz has also developed in recent years into a popular mountain bike region, with 62 signed mountain bike routes and four bike parks with lift facilities in Braunlage, Hahnenklee, Schulenberg and Thale. The bike parks offer freeride, downhill and fourcross routes. Both the signed cycle paths and the bike parks are suitable for every level of cyclist.

Nils Oker-Blom, the rector of the University of Helsinki, suggested in 1982, that Finland should open an institute in Athens, similar to the Finnish Institute in Rome, located in Villa Lante, that has been operating since 1954. Behind the initiative was also the honorary consul of Finland in Athens, Konstantinos Lazarakis. The Finnish Institute at Athens foundation was founded in 1983 (added to Finnish trade register in 1984) for this initiative and for collecting the funding. Donations were received from multiple sources: businesses, foundations and universities.

To enable the sale of mining products, Julius invested into the improvements of roads and rivers. In 1577 the Oker river was made navigable between the Harz range and the armouries in Wolfenbüttel. On 15 October 1576, Julius solemnly inaugurated the Academia Julia, the first university of the state in Helmstedt, intended to train Protestant clergy for the newly reformed state according to his Lutheran Church Order. As a Protestant prince, he signed both the 1577 Formula of Concord and the Book of Concord three years later.

Ilsenburg is a town in the district of Harz, in Saxony-Anhalt in Germany. It is situated under the north foot of the Harz Mountains, at the entrance to the Ilse valley with its little river, the Ilse, a tributary of the Oker, about six north-west of the town of Wernigerode. It received town privileges in 1959. Owing to its surrounding of forests and mountains as well as its position on the edge of the Harz National Park, Ilsenburg is a popular tourist resort.

A ceremonial opening by its owner and operator, H. Lüer, took place on 1 May 1863. In 1863, in order to improve the accessibility of the property, the Harzburg Spa Commissar, Hermann Dommes, had a promenade path built from Harzburg across the Kästeklippen (Käste) to Romkerhalle. The first land registry records were only kept from when the Hulsch family took over the estate in 1890. In 1903, the "Villa Helene" was built as a guesthouse and, in 1928, a large hall was built over the Oker.

A 1991 estimate gave 300 total speakers out of a population of 600 Dane-zaa people. As of 2007, Dane-zaa Zaageʔ was spoken "in eastern British Columbia (in the communities of Doig River (Hanás̱ Saahgéʔ), Blueberry, Halfway River, Hudson Hope, and Prophet River) and in northwestern Alberta (in the communities of Horse Lakes, Clear Hills, Boyer River (Rocky Lane), Rock Lane, and Child Lake (Eleske) Reserves)." A 2011 CD by Garry Oker features traditional Beaver language chanting with world beat and country music.

The town center is located at an elevation of on the Oker river near the confluence with its Altenau tributary, about south of Brunswick and southeast of the state capital Hannover. Wolfenbüttel is situated about half-way between the Harz mountain range in the south and the Lüneburg Heath in the north. The Elm-Lappwald Nature Park and the Asse hill range stretch east and southeast of the town. With a population of about 52,000 people, Wolfenbüttel is part of the Hannover–Braunschweig–Göttingen–Wolfsburg Metropolitan Region.

However, there is a carpark on the road between the two places, on the right hand side as one travels from Schladen, from which the complex can be reached on foot in a few minutes. Alternatively, one can follow a trail along the Wedde and then left along the banks of the Oker. The heritage house Alte Mühle (Old Mill) in Schladen is a convenient starting point. After two kilometres one is confronted with a 17m high plateau on which the palace is located.

View from the Harz mountains It is located at the northern foot of the Harz mountain range and Harz National Park, about north of the town of Ilsenburg. The small Ecker river in the west, a tributary of the Oker, forms the border with the town of Bad Harzburg in Lower Saxony. The settlement has access to the Bundesstraße 6 federal highway running from the Bundesautobahn 395 near Goslar to Halle and the Bundesautobahn 14. Stapelburg station is served by the Vienenburg-Halberstadt railway line.

Reservoir behind the Wendefurth Dam Bode Gorge Because of the heavy rainfall in the region the rivers of the Harz Mountains were dammed from an early date. Examples of such masonry dams are the two largest: the Oker Dam and the Rappbode Dam. The clear, cool water of the mountain streams was also dammed by early mountain folk to form the various mountain ponds of the Upper Harz waterways, such as the Oderteich. The 17 dams in the Harz block a total of twelve rivers.

The artificial waterfall was constructed as a tourist attraction in 1859 on behalf of the Duchy of Brunswick State Railway company, which had operated the Brunswick–Bad Harzburg railway line since 1841. Beneath the waterfall is a restaurant and a miniature railway integrated into the landscape. Passing west of the Großer Burgberg mountain, the river flows through the Bad Harzburg and Vienenburg urban areas. The Radau discharges into the Oker river northeast of Vienenburg, near the village of Wiedelah at the eastern rim of the Harly Forest.

One archaeologist has suggested that it could be part of a defensive network extending outwards from Beedenbostel. More detailed research into the age of the palisade stakes that have been found on the site has not yet been possible due to financial constraints. As a result it can only be surmised that the castle was built before AD 995, perhaps together with the stone tower in Beedenbostel or at the same time as the Mundburg. The Mundburg itself was built by the old confluence of the rivers Aller and Oker near Wienhausen.

The Ilse then rushes through the narrow Ilse valley, hemmed in to the east by the rugged, cross-topped Ilsestein, passes by Ilsenburg into the Harz Foreland, flows through Veckenstedt, Wasserleben, Osterwieck and Hornburg and discharges into the Oker near Börßum together with the Schiffgraben from the Großes Bruch. Its total length is around . Local folklore personifies the river as the beautiful Princess Ilse, who has her home in the rocks of the Ilsestein. The Ilse is mentioned in literary works such as the Die Harzreise by Heinrich Heine.

The organisers used French terms to designate the regional territories within the kingdom: departments received names based on watercourses (Elbe, Saale, Weser, Fulda, Leine, Oker) and mountains (Harz), regardless of their traditional names. These departments were generally composed of territories taken from a number of petty states. Compared to the departments of France itself the Westphalian departments were relatively small and sparsely populated. While administrative divisions (departments, districts and cantons) were certainly less unequal than the previous territorial divisions, uniformity does not appear to have been a determining factor in their creation.

Börden extend from the North German geest to the perimeter of the German Central Uplands and consist of loess that has been predominantly deposited by east winds. In some places the loess lies over boulder clay (on the rivers Weser, Leine and Oker), in others over Mesozoic and Tertiary sedimentary rocks (in the Hellwegbörden and the foreland of the Harz Mountains). The loess layers are up to 10 metres thick and tend to attenuate differences in relief. In the (sub-)oceanic climatic region the loess has been largely decalcified and loamified.

Leipzig 1793, p. 141 In the area of the Winter valley and the Rammelsberg Mine the Abzucht drove water wheels and was used for washing the ore. Inside the town walls and outside on its way to its confluence with the Oker it drove numerous water wheels that supplied the mills or other industrial works (fulling mills, saw mills, etc.) with energy. The use of its name interchangeably after its confluence with the Gose is still reflected today in several road names, such as An der Abzucht, An der Gose or Abzuchtstraße.

In order to promote and facilitate traffic, the expansion of the road network in the area began in the early 19th century. In 1817, according to a plan by treasury secretary (Kammerssekretrie) von Eschwege, the first road was built in the Oker valley, running along the Ziegenrücken ridge past the Studentenklippe crags and Kästenecke. The extraction of timber was now made easier and timber hauliers could easily reach the Upper Harz. This narrow and romantic road still exists on the eastern side of the valley on its lower slopes and is walkable.

It is situated in the north of the Harz mountain range and east of the Harly Forest on the Oker River near its confluence with the Radau, about northeast of the Goslar town centre. Neighbouring municipalities are Bad Harzburg in the south and Schladen-Werla in the north. The former township consisted of Vienenburg proper and the surrounding villages Immenrode, Lengde, Weddingen, Lochtum and Wiedelah, all incorporated in 1972. Situated in a mainly agricultural area, it is known for the Harzer cheese, although the production was transferred to Saxony in 2004.

The Upper Harz () refers to the northwestern and higher part of the Harz mountain range in Germany. The exact boundaries of this geographical region may be defined differently depending on the context. In its traditional sense, the term Upper Harz covers the area of the seven historical mining towns (Bergstädte) - Clausthal, Zellerfeld, Andreasberg, Altenau, Lautenthal, Wildemann and Grund - in the present-day German federal state of Lower Saxony. Orographically, it comprises the Harz catchment areas of the Söse, Innerste and Grane, Oker and Abzucht mountain streams, all part of the larger Weser watershed.

From about 1005 he had the Kaiserpfalz at the nearby silver mines of Rammelsberg in Goslar rebuilt, whereafter Werla's importance diminished. In 1086 Emperor Henry IV enfeoffed the estates up to the Oker to the Bishops of Hildesheim in turn for their support during the Investiture Controversy. A last stay of the Hohenstaufen emperor Frederick Barbarossa to subjugate the Saxon princes upon the deposition of his Welf rival Duke Henry the Lion is documented for 15 August 1180. The surrounding lands passed to the monastery of Dorstadt, in 1240 they were granted to nearby Heiningen Abbey.

Between 1934 and 1938 the road was called the Reichsstraße 214. The B 214 used to run within Brunswick past its present end at Amalienplatz down Celler Straße and the western arm of the Oker and the Radeklint to the city centre. Since the Reichsstraße times many of the B 214's former routes through villages and towns have been replaced by ring road section, the last (in 2008) being the bypass around Diepholz. Since the B 214 now crosses the Weser at Nienburg together with the B 6, there is no longer the risk of it being closed due to flooding.

Former Langenberg chalk quarry ripping up the mountain in half, 2018 Industrial and large-scale chalk mining was introduced in 1871 by entrepreneur Adolph Willikens on the Kalkröse at the westernmost tip of the mountain ridge. However, the prodction didn't reach a significantally geologically noticeable amount until the time after the Second World War, where the quarry was significantally extended eastwards. Lime (material) and fertilizers were produced now and shipped by rail on the Oker–Bad Harzburg railway. Until the 1980s, the quarry reached a length of more than one kilometre and a width of over 100 metres.

He was a great scholar, renowned for his abilities to argue texts, resolve contradictions, and find applications, which gave him the nickname of oker harim (uprooter of mountains),Berachot 64a as his studies exhibit the power of one who picks up mountains and grinds them against each other.Sanhedrin 24a He was also an exceptional teacher. He used to start every lecture with a joke or funny anecdote to get his students in a good mood.Talmud, Shabbat 30b He would test the judgment of his audience, implying a mistaken halakha and waiting for his students to find the mistake.

The Royal Palace of Werla (German: Königspfalz Werla) is located near Werlaburgdorf (municipality: Schladen-Werla) in Lower Saxony. The grounds of the royal palace cover about 20 hectares rising atop Kreuzberg hill, a 17 m high natural plateau overlooking the Oker river. In the Early Middle Ages the palace was an important place in the Holy Roman Empire, serving as an important base for the Ottonians in the 10th century in particular. Although it subsequently lost its political significance to the newly established Imperial Palace of Goslar at Rammelsberg, it developed into an independent settlement with a busy industrial quarter.

The 24,700 hectares of the Harz National Park cover about 10 per cent of the total area of the Harz. The park lies in the western part of the Harz (see Upper Harz) and stretches from Wernigerode and Ilsenburg in the north to Herzberg and Bad Lauterberg in the south. Near its perimeter the park terrain is about in the north and in the south and climbs to at the summit of the Brocken.Nationalpark Harz: Wir über uns Several rivers have their sources in the national park, including the Bode, the Oder and the Ilse, a tributary of the Oker.

Reconstructed tower of former Werla Castle Archaeological finds on the plateau above the Oker east of the village date back to the Baalberge group of the Neolithic. In the 10th century the German royal Ottonian dynasty had the Werla Pfalz erected within their Saxon homelands of Eastphalia, like the nearby castles of Goslar, Dahlum, Grona and Pöhlde. The assumption that the spur had been the site of a Saxon sacred grove and thing assembly has not been established. According to the Res gestae Saxonicae by chronicler Widukind of Corvey, King Henry the Fowler in 924 or 926 was besieged here by Hungarian cavalry during their invasion into Saxony.

Its plannings began in the early 1950s, when the communities of Oker, Bündheim, and Bad Harzburg struggled with increasing traffic on their two-lane streets B 4 and B 6. A first draft from a planning office in Brunswick on April 1953 proposed the recent pathway from Vienenburg east of the Radau river through the city. A second proposal from Landkreis Wolfenbüttel included a different route over the Langenberg and east of Harlingerode, which however was rejected twice. The actual construction of the street began in 1971, when the southern part of the four-lane street in Bad Harzburg was under construction and finished on December 18, 1971.

Moats of Harly Castle The southeastern edge of the ridge lies immediately above the Oker Valley and from 1203 was the construction site of an Imperial castle, built during the German throne quarrel between the Welf and Hohenstaufen dynasties. It was erected at the behest of by the Welf king Otto of Brunswick to control the trade route to the Imperial City of Goslar, whose citizens had allied with his rival Philip of Swabia. After Philip's assassination, Otto, crowned Holy Roman Emperor in 1209, stayed at the fortress several times. Upon Otto's death at the nearby Harzburg in 1218, Harly Castle passed to his Welf heirs.

The Weser-Aller Plains and GeestDickinson (1964). () is a natural regional unit of the North German Plain in Germany. It extends over most of the southern catchment of the Aller including the lower reaches of the Oker and Leine and is bounded in the west by the Middle Weser. It is also bounded, from a natural region perspective, by the Stade Geest, the Luneburg Heath, the Wendland and the Altmark in the north; in the east by the Central German Black Earth Region (Mitteldeutsches Schwarzerdegebiet), in the south by the Northern Harz Foreland and Lower Saxon Börde and, in the west, by the Dümmer-Geest Lowland and Ems-Hunte Geest.

The Burgdorf-Peine Geest () is a geest landscape, dominated by end and ground moraines, between Hanover and Brunswick in North Germany, with an area of about . Its natural borders are the Aller depression in the north, the Hildesheim Börde and, in places, the Mittelland Canal in the south the Oker valley in the east and the Hanoverian Moor Geest in the west. Today it is bordered by the cities of Hanover and Brunswick and the towns of Burgdorf, Uetze, Vechelde, Peine and Lehrte. The whole geest region with its rural settlements has a distinctly rural character, with the exception of the town of Peine.

Ute Thimm, née Finger (born 10 July 1958 in Bochum) is a German athlete who competed mainly in the 400 metres. She competed for West Germany in the 1984 Summer Olympics held in Los Angeles, United States in the 4 x 400 metres where she won the bronze medal with her teammates Heike Schulte-Mattler, Heide-Elke Gaugel and Gaby Bußmann. She was the second runner. Time over-all: 3'2298. In the same Olympic Games she finished sixth in the 400 metres competition. As last runner with her teammates Edith Oker, Michaela Schabinger and Heidi-Elke Gaugel she finished on the fifth place in the 4 x 100 metres.

Braunschweig () or Brunswick (, from Low German Brunswiek , Braunschweig dialect: Bronswiek), is a city in Lower Saxony, Germany, north of the Harz Mountains at the farthest navigable point of the Oker River, which connects it to the North Sea via the Aller and Weser Rivers. In 2016, it had a population of 250,704. A powerful and influential centre of commerce in medieval Germany, Brunswick was a member of the Hanseatic League from the 13th until the 17th century. It was the capital city of three successive states: the Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (1269–1432, 1754–1807, and 1813–1814), the Duchy of Brunswick (1814–1918), and the Free State of Brunswick (1918–1946).

Following the closure of the mines the Dyke Ditch supplied water up to about 1978 for the generation of electricity in Kaiser Wilhelm Shaft. Since 1978 the water of the Dyke Ditch has been led to the Mönch valley of the Oker Reservoir at the end of the Dyke Ditch, where it still drives turbines for the generation of electricity and is then made available for the drinking water supplies of the Harzwasserwerke. Until about 2000, the Dyke Ditch also provided drinking water to the mining town of Altenau. This has since been withdrawn because the natural water supply was very unreliable, especially in winter and the quality of the water could also change very quickly.

A first settlement, probably restricted to a tiny islet in the Oker river, was founded in the tenth century. It was mentioned in 1118 as Wulferisbuttle, when the Saxon count Widekind of Wolfenbüttel had a water castle erected on the important trade route from Brunswick to Halberstadt and Leipzig. Destroyed by Henry the Lion in 1191, and again by his great-grandson Duke Albert I of Brunswick-Lüneburg in 1255, the fortress and town, as well as nearby Asseburg Castle, were seized in 1258 by Albert I from the House of Asseburg, the descendants of Widekind. The castle was rebuilt by the Welf duke Henry I of Brunswick from 1283 onwards. By 1432, the town had become the permanent residence of the Brunswick Princes of Wolfenbüttel.

The landscapes of the Harz are characterised by steep mountain ridges, stone runs, relatively flat plateaus with many raised bogs and long, narrow V-shaped valleys, of which the Bode Gorge, the Oker and Selke valleys are the best known. A representative cross-section of all the Harz rocks is displayed on the Jordanshöhe near Sankt Andreasberg near the car park (see photo). The formation and geological folding of the Harz hills began during a prominent phase of the Palaeozoic era, in the course of the Hercynian mountain building of the Carboniferous period, about 350 to 250 million years ago. At that time in the history of the Earth, numerous high mountains appeared in Western Europe, including the Fichtelgebirge and Rhenish Massif.

Railway station Vienenburg's railway station, opened in 1840 on the Brunswick–Bad Harzburg railway of the Duchy of Brunswick State Railway, is the oldest preserved one in Germany and a regional railway hub. From Vienenburg, railway lines run in four directions: north to Brunswick, southeast to Halberstadt–Halle, south to Bad Harzburg and southwest to Oker–Goslar. The old goods line to Langelsheim was a victim of the division of Germany and was never reactivated. Vienenburg lies on the B 82 (link to the A 7 Hannover/Kassel) and 241 (Goslar) federal highways as well as the B 82 (link to the A 2; Brunswick, Berlin/Dortmund) and the B 6/B 6n (links to the A 14 Halle/Leipzig−Magdeburg and to Goslar and Bad Harzburg).

Preparation of the fossil bones In 1998, a single sauropod tooth was discovered by private fossil collector Holger Lüdtke in an active quarry at Langenberg Mountain, between the communities of Oker, Harlingerode and Göttingerode in Germany. The Langenberg chalk quarry had been active for more than a century; rocks are quarried using blasting and are mostly processed into fertilisers. The quarry exposes a nearly continuous, thick succession of carbonate rocks belonging to the Süntel Formation, that ranges in age from the early Oxfordian to late Kimmeridgian stages and have been deposited in a shallow sea with a water depth of less than . The layers exposed in the quarry are oriented nearly vertically and slightly overturned, which is a result of the ascent of the adjacent Harz mountains during the Lower Cretaceous.

There were further reunifications and divisions. Coat of arms of the Duchy in Schedel's World Chronicle of 1493 In the meanwhile the dukes became weary of the constant disputes with the citizens of the town of Brunswick and, in 1432, moved their Residenz to the water castle of Wolfenbüttel, which lay in a marshy depression of the river Oker about south of Brunswick. The castle built here for the Brunswick-Lüneburg dukes - together with the ducal chancery, the consistory, the courts and the archives - became the nerve centre of a giant region, from which the Wolfenbüttel- Brunswick part of the overall duchy was ruled. For a long time it also governed the principalities of Calenberg-Göttingen and Grubenhagen, the Prince-Bishopric of Halberstadt, large parts of the Prince-Bishopric of Hildesheim, the counties of Hohnstein and Regenstein, the baronies of Klettenberg and Lohra and parts of Hoya on the Lower Weser.

In the Talmudic debate over Sinai and Oker Harim, Yosef was of the opinion that Sinai is preferable. Specifically, he emphasizes that the Sephardic system of learning, which emphasizes learning Halakha in depth, is superior to the common approach in many Ashkenazi schools, which relies on deep analysis of gemara employing pilpul, without reaching to the halakhic conclusions. This preference is based upon his support for ruling halakha on practical contemporary issues rather than ruling halakha as a purely theoretical pursuit. In a eulogy he wrote for Rabbi Yaakov Ades, his teacher at Porat Yosef Yeshiva, he said: According to Yosef, the preoccupation with pilpul at the expense of learning halakha in depth causes lack of knowledge among Ashkenazi poskim, which in turn leads to unnecessary severity in making halakhic rulings, since the Posek is unaware of lenient rulings and approaches to Halakha used by previous Rabbis upon which the Posek could rely to rule leniently.