177 Sentences With "occiput" | Random Sentence Generator

He is the Shakespeare of unrelenting anger, the Picasso of taking his shoe to someone's occiput.

No way around it, I have to sit for seven hours, with 19 people behind me aiming their eyes at my occiput.

A simple vertical elevation of the occiput, giving the head in most instances a squared and inequilateral form.

The head has a consistent colour pattern in large workers, with the occiput and vertex appearing brown. Other parts of the head, including the front, genae, and the central region of the clypeus, are either yellowish or yellowish brown. The anterior borders of the genae and mandibles are dark-brown; they also both appear to share the same coloured shade with the occiput. The scapes and funiculi range from being the same colour as the head or shares the same shade with the occiput.

Normal fetal position (occiput anterior); back labour may occur if the fetus faces the opposite direction (occiput posterior). Back labor can be painful. Relief may be sought by trying to find a comfortable position or using a birth ball. Back labor (less commonly called posterior laborMoore, Mary Lou & Ora Strickland, Realities in Childbearing, p.

Body length of female is 9.7 mm. Head smooth, high and transverse. Occiput strongly concave. Ocelli arranged in slightly obtuse triangle.

Body length of female is 7.3–7.9 mm. Head smooth, high and transverse. Occiput distinctly concave. Ocelli arranged in slightly obtuse triangle.

If the fetal head is extended though, the occiput is instead felt and is located on the same side as the back.

The occiput was narrow, with the paroccipital processes pointing outwards horizontally, and the were lengthened, descending far below the (the lowermost bone of the occiput). Sereno and colleagues suggested that some of Baryonyx cranial bones had been misidentified by Charig and Milner, resulting in the occiput being reconstructed as too deep, and that the skull was instead probably as low, long and narrow as that of Suchomimus. The front of the dentary in the mandible sloped upwards towards the curve of the snout. The dentary was very long and shallow, with a prominent Meckelian groove on the inner side.

Head longish, rectangular, with slightly arched and moderately broad skull. Occiput not too prominent. Stop well defined but not over pronounced. Jowls not too heavy.

In bird anatomy, the crown is the top of the head, or more specifically the zone from the frons, or forehead, extending posteriorally to the occiput and laterally on both sides to the temples. The upper part of the head, including frons, crown and occiput, is sometimes called the pileum. A bird with a crest covering the pileum may be described as "pileated", e.g. the pileated woodpecker.

However, technically the occipital bone extends right down the back of the head to where it articulates with the neck. So when breed standards refer to the length of a dog's skull, they rarely include the occiput in this measurement. The occiput has many nerve endings and stimulates calming effects to do with the flight or fight system. It is used in canine therapeutic massage to calm the dogs.

The occiput and the first neck vertebra of the holotype of Lagenanectes richterae show pathological alterations of the bony structure. They may have been caused by an infection.

The group's name is a reference to the rock supergroup, Far Corporation. In November 1997 McLennan was asked to provide an ambient audio track for a music-arts project, Occiput Hammerings, held at Brisbane's Metro Arts Theatre. Australian musicologist, Ian McFarlane, described them as a "conceptual art group with a pop orientation." Far Out Corporation was initially a one-off group to fulfil the commission and performed live at one of the six nights of the Occiput Hammerings display early in 1998.

There is a defined furrow between the eyes (from the stop to the occiput). Narrow skull and domed forehead are faults. The muzzle is square, wide and deep. Bite is undershot or reverse scissors.

The occiput is high, but the skull narrows toward the snout. The snout is pointed and projects past the jaw. In dorsal view, the skull is roughly triangular. The ventral temporal margin is emarginated.

Spheginobaccha is a genus of hoverflies, with 15 known species. The genus is readily separated from other microdons by the incomplete metathoracic bridge, round/oval basoflagellomere, occiput with a dorsolateral crease, and other characters.

Hayez, Impr. des Académies. Bruxelles 1921 In these slender, small insects the back part of the head (occiput) is reddish, while in all other species it is usually black.The garden safari Wings are membranous with black markings.

The occiput usually has pale, long hairs. The arista is bare to plumose. Interfrontal bristles are absent. The wing is usually clear, but in some species has distinct marks or darkening at the tip or along the crossveins.

Occiput has no yellow hairiness. Eyes are bare and the cheeks under the eyes are covered with fine yellow short hairs. Orbits are separated by a wide black space. Antennae and palps are black, but arista is yellow.

Ankylosaurines are defined as being closer relatives to Ankylosaurus than to Shamosaurus. Diagnostic features of ankylosaurines include the nuchal shelf that obscures the occiput in dorsal view, and the quadrate condyle which is obscured lightly by the quadratojugal boss.

Articulation surfaces for the lower jaws; the glenoids, are broad, shallow, and situated around the occlusal line of the upper cheek teeth. Both paroccipital processes are short and parietals are weakly developed. The basicranium, or occiput, is considered basal.

These stilt-legged flies have no crossvein separating discal cells and the second basal cell of the wing. Fronto‑orbital setaeare absent. Costa is bare from base to end of subcostal vein. Occiput is very prominent and has postvertical bristles.

Small eyes with round pupils. Dorsum of head, body and limbs generally brown. One broad, yellow vertebral stripe running form occiput to tail. There are fve irregular blackish-brown paravertebral blotches. A ‘W’-shaped dark marking visible on occipital area.

The suprainiac fossa is an elliptical depression on the occiput above the superior nuchal line, or inion, or a dent in the back of the head. Suprainiac fossae were common anatomical features of Neanderthals but are rare in modern Humans.

This is one among many types of patterns of hair loss, “in which they have band-link hair loss across the occiput.” Hair loss can take the form of patches of hair being removed and there can also be spontaneous regrowth as well.

Traction is a set of mechanisms for straightening broken bones or relieving pressure on the spineBurke, G.L., "Backache from Occiput to Coccyx" and skeletal system. There are two types of traction: skin traction and skeletal traction. They are used in orthopedic medicine.

The gula (or medioventral head sclerite) has hairs, but the occiput (back of head) is nearly hairless. The hind tibiae are channeled with a few spiny hairs on the flexor (or inner) surface, with short decumbent (or upward flexing) pubescence evenly covering the whole appendage.

After examining a microCT scan of the woodpecker's forehead, temporomandibulum, and occiput it was determined that there is significantly more trabeculae in the forehead and occiput. Besides the difference in distribution, the aspect ratio of the individual struts was higher in woodpeckers than in other birds of similar size such as the Eurasian Hoopoe or the lark. The woodpeckers’ trabeculae are more plate-like while the hawk and lark have rod-like structures networked through their bones. The decrease in strain on the woodpecker's brain has been attributed to the higher quantity of thicker plate-like struts packed more closely together than the hawk or hoopoe or the lark.

According to Gunnell, the defining features of the oxyaenids include: A small braincase low in the skull. The occiput wide at base and narrowing dorsally (to give it a triangular shape). The lacrimal bone makes a semicircular expansion on the face. The mandibles have heavy symphysis.

Likewise, Gunnell's list of defining features of hyaenodontids includes: Long, narrow skull with a narrow basicranium and a high narrow occiput. The frontal bones are concave between the orbital regions. M2 and m3 form the carnassials. M3 is present in most species, while m3 is always present.

Transverse occipital ridge or carina absent. Occiput without stridulatory file. Longitudinal axis of head (from occipital foramen to mouth cavity) inclined at an angle of less than 45 degrees, or inclined at an angle of 45 to 90 degrees. Frontal region not to moderately, gradually declined.

The Caspian tiger ranked among the largest cats that ever existed. Males had a body length of and weighed ; females measured in head-to-body and weighed . Maximum skull length in males was , while that of females was . Its occiput was broader than of the Bengal tiger.

Lizards of the genus Laemanctus exhibit the following characters. The tympanum is distinct. The plane of the top of the head slopes forward, and the occipital region is raised and extends beyond the occiput. The body is laterally compressed, and is covered with imbricate keeled scales.

Dorsally dark brown or olive, with three darker stripes, or all blackish. Upper lip white. A pale brownish band across the occiput. Ventrals, subcaudals, and terminal caudal scute white. Adults may attain a total length of 51 cm (20 inches), with a tail 23 mm (⅞ inch) long.

There are 5 or 6 of these bands on the neck and body with a black mark on the occiput extending forward as streaks on top of the head. There are two lateral stripes passing through the eye and nostril. The underside is yellow.Smith, M. A. 1935.

The male is 17 millimeters long and the female is larger, being 18 to 20 millimeters long. The species is pale green with dark brown on its occiput and pronotum. The amount of brown varies per each individual specimen, on both its side and legs. It has reddish eyes.

The lorikeets are in length and weigh . Adults are green on the upper side, with a green occiput and crown. The green color turns into a yellow-green at the base and tail. They have a green underwings, with a green band across the chest that varies in appearance.

Also on the squamosal are two small knobs along the ventral margin. These knobs are now considered indicative of burnetiamorphs. The occiput on Lemurosaurus is more tall and narrow than other burnetiamorphs. Measurement of scleral ring in orbital dimensions indicate Lemurosaurus were able to see in low light conditions.

Due to the broad shape of the sacrum, the head of the fetus must be rotated from occiput transverse to occiput anterior position, which means the infant must rotate from the sideways position so the anterior head faces the buttock of the mother. # Extension is the point where the head moves past the pubic symphysis, where it has to curve underneath the birth canal while the anterior head still faces the mother's bottom. # External Rotation (or Restitution) occurs when the baby pauses after the head passes through the body. During this pause, the infant rotates itself sideways (facing the mother's thigh) to allow for the shoulder to fit though the birth canal.

Mainly white in color. A colored spot or a "cap" 10 mm in diameter is present on the sinciput. A red-colored spot or the "mane" is located on the back of the neck, 2.0-3.0 cm below the occiput. The mane goes symmetrically down the back of the neck.

Dorsally dark brown, with five narrow black stripes and interrupted light stripes on the scales between them. Snout, occiput, and end of tail yellow. Ventrally yellowish, including 1½ rows of dorsal scales adjacent to the ventrals on each side. The type specimen is in total length, of which is tail.

It possesses a subocular impression, and 5 to 7 vertical carinae ventrolaterally on its gena. Anterior tentorial pits are visible; occiput without dorsal occipital carina. The female antenna is composed of 12 segments, its flagellum broadening towards its apex. The last flagellomere is broader than the penultimate, with a rounded end.

Likewise, the parietals have more depth, the occipital crest is higher, and the orbits are proportionately larger relative to the rest of its head. The sagittal crest is also lengthened posteriorly, and splits into the occipital crests. This leads to a straighter posterior margin, and a more concave occiput in Probainognathus.

In the vertex presentation the head is flexed and the occiput leads the way. This is the most common configuration and seen at term in 95% of singletons. If the head is extended, the face becomes the leading part. Face presentations account for less than 1% of presentations at term.

Manipulation is known by several other names. Historically, general practitioners and orthopaedic surgeons have used the term "manipulation".Burke, G.L., "Backache from Occiput to Coccyx" Chapter 7 Chiropractors refer to manipulation of a spinal joint as an 'adjustment'. Following the labelling system developed by Geoffery Maitland,Maitland, G.D. Peripheral Manipulation 2nd ed.

The concave occiput is tilted up, which is shown when it is aligned vertically, the snout faces downward. The supraoccipital sits anterior to the paraoccipital. The size of the basioccipital is considered to be small. The majority of the occipital surface, posterior “horn”, and posterior lateral margins are made from the squamosal.

Pseudoboa neuwiedii grows to a maximum total length (including tail) of . Dorsally, it is reddish brown, either uniform or with some scattered small black spots. The top of the head and neck are black or dark brown. There may or may not be a yellowish crossband or collar across the temples and occiput.

The posterior process of the postorbital bones reached far back into the temporal arches, underneath the temporal fossae. The whole skull was highly ventrodorsally compressed. It had temporal tubercles, but they were small, and restricted solely to the posterior ends of the squamosal bones. Its occiput was deeply excavated and its entire braincase very small.

Its vomerine teeth form two oblique groups extending a little beyond the hind edge of the choanse. Its habit is stout. The head is short, with a rounded snout; the occiput is swollen, and the interorbital space is narrower than the upper eyelid. The tympanum is distinct, about two- thirds the diameter of the eye.

A dark eyestripe extends backwards from the eye towards the occiput. The cheeks are white, with a yellow wattle at the base of the bill. The legs and feet are orange. The horned puffin's bill, which is larger than those of other puffin species, is red at the tip and yellow at the base.

Hemigomphus comitatus is a small dragonfly with black and yellow markings. Its wingspan is 50-55mm and overall length is 40-45mm. The eyes of the adult are green and do not meet at the top of the head. The head of the female has a spine from the occiput just behind the eyes.

The snout is broad, and the skull widens toward the occiput or posterior margin. Two large holes behind the eye socket called temporal fenestrae occupy most of the posterior skull. Between these fenestra is a narrow sagittal crest. In front of this crest, the skull roof bones are weakly pitted with small bumps and ridges for blood vessels.

Their limbs were long, and skeleton built lightly suggests they were active and agile. A long low skull and dentition extended far back to lie below the temporal fenestra. Aerosaurus had other general features found in ‘Pelycosaurs’ like a slanted Occiput, a lateral temporal fenestra, a septomaxilla bone that contacting the nasal and a maxilla bone contacting the quadrojugal.

It differs from Megalogomphus hannyngtoni by the red medial markings of abdominal segments 3 to 6, by the occiput being yellow instead of black and the face less black, and by the presence of a humeral stripes. This dragonfly perches on twigs, shrubs, and boulders in hill streams. It breeds in fast flowing forested hill streams.

It does not have the appearance of being short or snipy. Length of skull measured from stop to point of occiput is equal to the length of muzzle. The top of the skull is rather flat and the back skull is rounded. The length from foot to elbow is equal to the length from elbow to withers.

The cheeks, face, and crown are buff (hence the common name). A dark blue patch is on the top of the head back to the occiput. Head markings are smaller in females, and facial colour is paler. The eyes are dark brown and the bill is grey, and legs are greyish with blue or pinkish tints.

The dorsal scales are strongly keeled, even on the occiput and nape, and are arranged in 19 rows. Ventrals are 102–130 in number, the anal scale is divided, and the 61-94 subcaudals are paired and keeled.Boulenger, G.A. 1893. Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History), Volume I., Containing the Families ... Colubridæ Aglyphæ, part.

Teeth small, bluntly conical, and arranged in numerous series. Slender branchiostegal rays not curving round the opercular apparatus. Vertebrae exceeding 100 in number, the hindermost bearing a pair of expanded hypural bones. Pectoral fins present; dorsal fins arising immediately behind the occiput and extending to the caudal fin, which has stouter rays and is very small but separate.

The plumage either side of this is rufescent buff, with feathers margined black besides having a black bar near their bases. The lores, sides of face and nape are black. The supercilium ends in lengthened pointed feathers, white and barred black, which protrude up to an inch beyond the occiput. The upper part plumage, wings and tail are all rufescent brown.

Sight and hearing are the wildcat's primary senses when hunting. It lies in wait for prey, then catches it by executing a few leaps, which can span three metres. When hunting near water courses, it waits on trees overhanging the water. It kills small prey by grabbing it in its claws, and piercing the neck or occiput with its fangs.

The skull of Zambiasaurus submersus was reconstructed by using eighteen different juvenile fossil fragments and fragments of an adult Zambiasaurus. The immature skull had the dimensions of long and wide while the adults had a skull long and wide. There are no teeth in both upper and lower jaws making it a herbivorous species. Skull tapers anteriorly, widest across occiput.

Sand cat specimens collected in the Karakum Desert in Turkestan were described as darker and greyer in fur colour than the Saharan sand cat (F. m. margarita), with less pronounced markings and only 2–3 tail rings. Specimens from Pakistan were more strongly marked, had shorter carnassials and a less expanded occiput than ones from Turkestan. Later studies confirmed that F. m.

Typically observed in the lumbar and lumbosacral region, congenital dermal sinus can occur from the nasion and occiput region down. Early diagnosis and treatment is crucial for cases of congenital dermal sinus. It ensures that neurological condition does not degrade and prevents infection. Diagnosis can be confirmed through the use of advanced neuroimaging to observe the tract and associated lesions.

The type specimen of Murusraptor shows signs of severe infections around the left side of its braincase. Two tooth marks, likely inflicted by another theropod, are visible in front of and below the nuchal crest on the skull. Due to the infections, the entire left side of the occiput, the back of the head, was deformed. Some of the ribs were also infected.

It has a dull mauve to black lower breast, with dull yellow underwings. Its tail are red, with green upper tail coverts and yellow tips. Females look the same as males, but additionally have yellow patches on the side of the rump. Juveniles lorikeets have black markings on the head and underparts, along with a dusky black patch on the occiput.

The objective of condylar decompression, also called jugular decompression and occipital release, is to balance the reciprocal tension membrane at the hypoglossal canal thus normalizing function of cranial nerve XII (hypoglossal nerve) function.Atlas of Osteopathic Techniques, Alexander Nicholas, Evan Nicholas, 2011. 2nd ed. The procedure is indicated by poor suckling reflex of an infant attributed to somatic dysfunction of the occiput on CNXII.

The markings are clearly defined and there is a trace of a black line extending from the occiput to the tail. The tail normally curls tightly over the hip. Pugs have two distinct shapes for their ears, "rose" and "button". "Rose" ears are smaller than the standard style of "button" ears, and are folded with the front edge against the side of the head.

Robert Bakker (1998) found that Carnotaurus mainly fed upon very large prey, especially sauropods. As he noted, several adaptations of the skull—the short snout, the relatively small teeth and the strong back of the skull (occiput)—had independently evolved in Allosaurus. These features suggest that the upper jaw was used like a serrated club to inflict wounds; big sauropods would have been weakened by repeated attacks.

Brachycephaly, or a 'short head', is the result of a closure of both the coronal sutures. Following Virchow's law, this will result in a child's head with a restriction of growth in the forward direction and in the backward direction: recessed frontal bones and a flattened occiput. Compensatory growth will occur sideways, due to the sagittal suture, and upwards, due to the lambdoid sutures.

Bunzel was very puzzled by the braincase. He knew that it belonged to a reptile instead of a mammal because of a single as opposed to a double-headed occipital condyle. The back of the head was otherwise not very reptilian as it was low, compact, fused and convex in a gradual curve towards the skull-roof. Lizards had a very different, more "open", occiput.

The occiput in dog terms is the bump or protuberance clearly seen at the back of the skull in some breeds like the English Setter and Bloodhound. However, in other breeds it is barely perceptible. Myths in dog folklore believed that size of the occiputal protuberance was somehow a measure of the dog's sense of smell. So to this day it is prominent in most Scent Hounds.

Male and female idiacanthidae are distinguishable from their fin differences. Male idiacanthidae have developed pelvic fins, whereas female idiacanthidae have no paired fins. Through evolution, notochord sheaths in Idiacanthus antrostomus have aligned to a straight connection from the occiput to the first vertebra. Female idiacanthidae can reach 40 cm in length whereas males have been recorded to only reach a maximum of 5 cm.

The parietal is a good sized element forming nearly the entire intertemporal region along with the majority of the occiput. There is no parietal foramen present. The dentary is slender and moderate in length, it appears to have roughly fourteen teeth with a third of them being larger than the others. Overall the skull is similar to those of crocodiles however it is slightly deeper.

The patient is kept conscious for the duration of the procedure. A small gauge needle is inserted at points of the greater and lesser occipital nerves down to the periosteum of the occiput. Some pain may be felt during the insertion of the needle through the skin. Injected anesthetics give pain relief almost immediately while steroid injections take 3-5 days to provide relief.

The 2016 redescription of Tarchia notes that it differs from Saichania in having a postorbital fossa (which separates the squamosal horn from the supraorbital) and an accessory osteoderm; the occiput being visible in dorsal view; the large, deep braincase; the foramen magnum being higher than it is wide; and the nuchal osteoderms being taller laterally than medially. In addition, it differs from both Saichania and Minotaurasaurus in that it lacks postocular caputegulae (or small, polygonal bony plates behind the orbit) and has a proportionally high occiput in caudal view. The study additionally found that PIN 3142/250 (i.e. T. teresae) can be distinguished from T. kielanae in that the accessory osteoderm is not fused to the roof of the skull, the quadrate and paroccipital process are not fused, the back of the skull roof is strongly sculptured, and the openings for the fourth to twelfth cranial nerves is bifurcated.

In Carboniferous tetrapods, the neck joint (occiput) provided a pivot point for the spine against the back of the skull. In tetrapodomorph fishes such as Eusthenopteron, no such neck joint existed. Instead, the notochord (a sort of spine made of cartilage) entered a hole in the back of the braincase and continued to the middle of the braincase. Acanthostega had the same arrangement as Eusthenopteron, and thus no neck joint.

Choerosaurus is an extinct genus of therocephalian therapsids from the Late Permian of South Africa. The type species Choerosaurus dejageri was named by South African paleontologist Sidney H. Haughton from the Tropidostoma Assemblage Zone in 1929. Hypothesized types of fighting Choerosaurus is similar in appearance to Scaloposaurus. In both Choerosaurus and Scaloposaurus, the back of the skull (called the occiput) is high and the canine teeth are thick and shortened.

Their skull is heavy with a basal length above and an occiput above . Their nasal horn is slightly back-curved with a base of about by that rapidly narrows until a smooth, even stem part begins about above base. In captive animals, the horn is frequently worn down to a thick knob. The Indian rhino's single horn is present in both males and females, but not on newborn calves.

This description is based on a female holotype. Its head is black, the face being shiny except for a white section under the antenna; its gena is white; frontal lunule is brownish; the frons is shiny on the ventral half, brown on the dorsal third and yellow. Occiput is white ventrally, becoming yellow dorsally. The antenna are brown; basoflagellomere oval, with small basomedial sensory pit on the inner side.

Skull of a European rabbit Melanistic rabbits are more common where ground predators are lacking, such as on islands or in large enclosures. The European rabbit is smaller than the European hare and mountain hare, and lacks black ear-tips, as well as having proportionately shorter legs. An adult European rabbit can measure in length, and weigh . The hind foot measures in length, while the ears are long from the occiput.

It was narrowed above and between the orbita (eye sockets). The frontoparietal narrowed at the back, was wedged between the squamosal bones, and ended in a depression above the at the back of the skull. The parietal and squamosal bones formed a thick shelf over the occiput termed the parietosquamosal shelf, whose extent varied between specimens. The squamosal was large, not part of the dome, and the back part was swollen.

The alveolar region of the mandible has five teeth preserved in it. The aggregate fossil composed of five individuals is better preserved and showed several new features not present in the holotype. These include a contact between the maxilla and both the prefrontal and the quadratojugals. An anterior inclination of the occiput and the exclusion of the quadratojugal from the temporal fenestra are also clear in this specimen.

Furthermore, the braincase possesses multiple characters symplesiomorphic of Coelurosauria, including an expanded cerebellar auricular fossa, and a vagal canal opening into the occiput. What is preserved of the preorbital skull curiously lacks apomorphic characters to be expected in a specimen, which is allegedly more closely allied to Pygostylia than is Archaeopteryx lithographica. Most telling is the complete absence of accessory fenestrae in the antorbital fossa, leading to maxillary sinuses.

This configuration resembles that of the procolophonids, turtles, and neopiapsids and results in the exclusion of the lacrimal from the posterior border of the nares. Slightly more than one third of the total length of the skull is contributed by the frontal. It is constricted anteriorly by the prefrontals, but otherwise expanded above the orbits. Generally, in early amniotes the largest element was the occiput of the supraoccipital.

The diagnosis is generally clinical, with a fluctuant boggy mass developing over the scalp (especially over the occiput) with superficial skin bruising. The swelling develops gradually 12–72 hours after delivery, although it may be noted immediately after delivery in severe cases. Subgaleal hematoma growth is insidious, as it spreads across the whole calvaria and may not be recognized for hours to days. If enough blood accumulates, a visible fluid wave may be seen.

The female is similar in size, with a prominent marbled barring and more colourful dorsal plumage than the male. Her conspicuous white facial plumage is like the male, marked with disruptive patterning. The female's crest is different morphologically, with more rigid plumes that take up more surface area along the occiput and upper hind neck. The female's tail is elongated and laterally compressed as is that of the male but of considerably shorter length.

Most theories regarding a "Boskopoid" type were based on the eponymous Boskop cranium, which was found in 1913 by two Afrikaner farmers. They offered it to Frederick William FitzSimons for examination and further research. Many similar skulls were subsequently discovered by paleontologists such as Robert Broom, William Pycraft and Raymond Dart. The original skull was incomplete consisting of frontal and parietal bones, with a partial occiput, one temporal and a fragment of mandible.

The female is similar in size, with a prominent marbled barring and more colourful dorsal plumage than the male. Her conspicuous white facial plumage is like the male, marked with disruptive patterning. The female's crest is different morphologically, with more rigid plumes that take up more surface area along the occiput and upper hind neck. The female's tail is elongated and laterally compressed as is that of the male but of considerably shorter length.

The apical teeth of the mandibles are long and straight, whereas the medial teeth are much smaller. The posterior to the eyes are convex, where it converges towards the occiput (the back of the head) and forms a collar seen in several Aphaenogaster species. The ants have large, triangular mandibles with three apical teeth and a flat clypeus. The eyes are large with 400 facets, but workers from small incipient colonies only have 200 facets.

The initial diagnosis of Menkes disease (MD) and its milder variants such as Occipital Horn Syndrome is based on the clinical symptoms. Low serum copper and ceruloplasmin levels support the clinical suspicion of OHS, but biochemical confirmation in tissue culture is needed. The ultimate diagnostic proof is the demonstration of a molecular defect in ATP7A. Demonstration of the bony protuberances on the occiput will clinch the diagnosis, and these can be palpated in some patients.

Monosomy 9p (also known as Alfi's Syndrome or simply 9P-) is a rare chromosomal disorder in which there is deletion (monosomy) of a portion of chromosome 9. Symptoms include microgenitalia, intellectual disability with microcephaly and dysmorphic features. The location has recently been narrowed to 9p22.2-p23. Various clinical features have been associated with this disease including trigonocephaly, flattened occiput, prominent forehead, broad flat nasal bridge, anteverted nares, malformed external ears, hypertelorism, and hypertonia.

A cephalic presentation or head presentation or head-first presentation is a situation at childbirth where the fetus is in a longitudinal lie and the head enters the pelvis first; the most common form of cephalic presentation is the vertex presentation where the occiput is the leading part (the part that first enters the birth canal). All other presentations are abnormal (malpresentations) which are either more difficult to deliver or not deliverable by natural means.

It is characterized by its nasal-rostral contact and moderately sized body. Its body has dorsal tubercles extending from the occiput and temporal regions to the back and tail base, but are lacking on the forelimb and thigh. It counts with 6–8 pre-cloacal pores in a continuous series in males, and a tail generally with two cloacal spurs on each side. Snout–vent length varied between among the males and females in the type series.

The bill is black, but the mandible reddish brown at the gape. The iris is deep brown; the feet and claws flesh-coloured. The female has her breast and sides more densely spotted with black; the ear-coverts, head and occiput plumage of the same colour as the mantle and back, but the ear-coverts are pencilled with black. The lengthened superciliary feathers are shorter than that of the male, and less pure white; the under tail-coverts paler.

Previc, after reviewing a large number of studies, found evidence that the position of the fetus in the final trimester and a baby's subsequent birth position can affect handedness. About two-thirds of fetuses present with their left occiput (back of the head) at birth. This partly explains why prematurity results in a decrease in right-handedness. Previc argues that asymmetric prenatal positioning creates asymmetric stimulation of the vestibular system, which is involved in the development of handedness.

This description is based on a female holotype. The head is metallic steel blue; the face is sparsely white pollinose except on the tubercle and along he oral margin; the gena is white; the frontal lunule is a dark brownish orange colour. The occiput is white, with some black pile on its dorsal sixth; its eye being long and black. Its antenna is black; basoflagellomere trapezoid, with a large basomedial sensory pit on the inner side.

Skull of Aerosaurus The skull is 1/4 of the precaudal length of the skeleton with a jaw articulation far back seen in Varanops. The snout is long and low with an lessen inclined occiput. The dermal bones are shallow, irregular with pits and grooves and below the orbit we find a saw- like serration that hasn't been seen in other 'pelycosaurs'. The skull roof has large round orbits and an undetermined laterally expanded prefrontal process.

The described males are approximately with a slender profile and elongated appendages. The head is rectangular in outline, being slightly longer than wide, with a straight rear margin and rounded rear edges. Behind the compound eyes, the temples are long with an elevated occiput sporting three large ocelli. Each of the two compound eyes are big, being 0.6 of the head length, with a reniform outline, the concave side of the eye along the front sides.

This species is distinguished from the other South African woodpeckers by its thickly spotted under-surface which is covered black spots from the chin to the vent. Males and females differ slightly. Males have an olive green color above with indistinct, small transverse bars and a few diamond-shaped sub-terminal spots that are a paler olive yellow. The female Knysna is similar to the male, but the black head is spotted with white and only the occiput is scarlet.

The classic symptom of subarachnoid hemorrhage is thunderclap headache (a headache described as "like being kicked in the head", or the "worst ever", developing over seconds to minutes). This headache often pulsates towards the occiput (the back of the head). About one- third of people have no symptoms apart from the characteristic headache, and about one in ten people who seek medical care with this symptom are later diagnosed with a subarachnoid hemorrhage. Vomiting may be present, and 1 in 14 have seizures.

The test results can also be affected by the speed the maneuver is done in and the plane the occiput is in. There are several disadvantages proposed by Cohen for the classic maneuver. Patients may be too tense, for fear of producing vertigo symptoms, which can prevent the necessary brisk passive movements for the test. A subject must have adequate cervical spine range of motion to allow neck extension, as well as trunk and hip range of motion to lie supine.

The winter coat is unusually long and uniform for an animal its size, with a luxuriant mane of tough, long hairs along the back from the occiput to the base of the tail. The coat is generally coarse and bristly, though this varies according to season. In winter, the coat is fairly dense, soft, and has well-developed underfur. The guard hairs are 50–75 mm long on the flanks, 150–225 mm long on the mane and 150 mm on the tail.

Crocodiles were more similar but still had a concave skull rear. Bunzel considered whether it might be a dinosaur but in 1871 little dinosaurian occiput material had been described and it seemed to him that their skulls in this respect were more lizard-like. The only group showing a comparable rounding and fusion of skull bones were the birds. Bunzel sent a drawing and description to Professor Thomas Huxley in London, at the time one of the few dinosaur experts.

In its earliest descriptions, Limnoscelis was identified as an early reptile, thought to be closely related to the Captorhinidae or Pareiasauridae based on its flat occiput, as well as its large upper incisors and broad parareptile- like neural arches. However, Williston noted enough differences from these groups to place Limnoscelis within its own subfamily, the Limnoscelidae, which would later be erected as its own family. Limnoscelidae once contained the genera Limnosceloides, Limnoscelops, and Limnostygis, but is currently monogeneric, containing only Limnoscelis.

The back and sides of sub-adult and adult skulls were ornamented by less modified tubercles. Before being incorporated into the enlarging dome, the skull bones expanded, resulting in junctions between these bones. The adult dome was broad and convex, and incorporated most of the shelf, which was reduced in size and overhung the occiput as a thick "lip". The supratempooral fenestrae were closed, but the suture between the frontoparietal and connected skull bones was not always closed in adults and subadults.

The pelvic region was broad, perhaps due to an extended gut. The skull was roughly triangular with a short snout, and had a thick, broad, and relatively smooth dome on the top. The back of the skull had a thick "shelf" over the occiput, and it had a thick ridge over the eyes. Much of the skull was ornamented by tubercles (or round "outgrowths") and nodes (or "knobs"), many in rows, and the largest formed small horns on the shelf.

The Story of the Middle East, 1958, pp. 154–157 According to Renato Biasutti, frequent Mediterranean traits included "skin color 'matte'-white or brunet-white, chestnut or dark chestnut eyes and hair, not excessive pilosity; medium-low stature (162), body of moderately longilinear forms; dolichomorphic skull (78) with rounded occiput; oval face; leptorrhine nose (68) with straight spine, horizontal or inclined downwards base of the septum; large open eyes." Agreeing with Cipriani's classification,Cipriani, Lidio (1934). Appunti antropologici sulla Sardegna, Extr.

The leopard snake is gray or tan with a dorsal series of reddish or brown transverse blotches, which have black borders. On each side is a series of smaller black spots, alternating with the dorsal blotches. There is a Y-shaped dark marking on the occiput and nape, a crescent-shaped black band from eye to eye across the prefrontals, and a black band from the postoculars diagonally to the corner of the mouth. The belly is white, checkered with black, or almost entirely back.

They have a square or compact body, a wedge shaped head with equal length from occiput to stop and stop to the end of the nose. This gives the head parallel head planes, making the head unusual in this Group. The Tenterfield Terrier may also have semi-erect ears or pricked ears, the latter being more common. Tenterfield Terriers stand around 28 cm (11 inches) high and can come in tan and white, black and white, liver/tan/white tri-coloured or black/tan/white tri-coloured.

The beetle is small, only long, possessing a light brown body with yellowish brown legs, antennae, and head. Kachinus has a unique combination of characters found in both the Cephennini and Eutheiini tribes of the Scydmaeninae supertribe Scydmaenitae. Elytra and pronotum which are not clearly discontinuous and a head which does not have a narrowed area from the vertex to the occiput are features found in the modern Cephennini genera. However the overall pronotum shape and body shape combined with shortened elytra are distinct features of Eutheiini.

The supraoccipitals are small and triangular, with a short vertical nuchal keel on the occiput; large flanges extend off this to each side. The paraoccipital processes, which contact both the squamosals and the quadrate condyles, are marked with a series of striations. The occipital condyles are ventrally deflected and are formed almost entirely by the basioccipitals. Each side of the skull has three Eustachian foramina present - two on each basioccipital, one anterior and one posterior, and one between basisphenoid and otoccipital in the basal tuber.

The incomplete skull includes the snout and the occiput, lacking the occipital condyle, with fragments of the supratemporal arches and isolated right articular. NHMUK PV OR40103a includes the right mandibular ramus, some isolated teeth, a humerus, and numerous ribs and vertebrae that are partially or completely imbedded in matrix. Two further specimens may belong to the holotype: NHMUK PV OR40104 - an occipital condyle, and NHMUK PV OR40105 – carpal and tarsal bones. Both specimens were donated to the University of Toronto through Professor Ramsay Wright in 1900.

The treatment of bilateral coronal synostosis shows a high degree of overlap with treatment of unilateral coronal synostosis; in both surgical interventions is the forward advancement of the supraorbital rim together with the frontal bones is an important part of the procedure. Again, the plane three millimetres further forwards than the vertical plane of the [cornea] is the appropriate position to place the bone. The increased height of the skull is addressed in the same procedure. Parts of the flattened occiput are extracted and given a rounder shape by greenstick fracturing them.

Symptoms vary, but usually result in dysmorphisms in the skull, nervous system problems, and developmental delay. Dysmorphisms in the heart, kidneys, and musculoskeletal system may also occur. An infant with complete trisomy 9 surviving 20 days after birth showed clinical features including a small face, wide fontanelle, prominent occiput, micrognathia, low set ears, upslanting palpebral fissures, high-arched palate, short sternum, overlapping fingers, limited hip abduction, rocker bottom feet, heart murmurs and a webbed neck. Trisomy 9p is one of the most frequent autosomal anomalies compatible with long survival rate.

The high degree of ossification in the skull of Nannaroter is seen as an adaptation to a fossorial, or burrowing, lifestyle. More specifically, the animal would likely have used its recumbent snout to push forward into the substrate, facilitated by increased epaxial musculature that inserted into the broad, sloping occiput, as in amphisbaenians. As Nannaroter is known from only one specimen, it has been suggested that it was either a naturally rare component of the assemblage or that its inferred burrowing ecology did not lend itself well to preservation in the fissure fill system.

This helps prevent the horse from inhaling food, but also means that a horse cannot use its mouth to breathe when in respiratory distress—a horse can only breathe through its nostrils, also called obligate nasal breathing. For this same reason, horses also cannot pant as a method of thermoregulation. The genus Equus also has a unique part of the respiratory system called the guttural pouch, which is thought to equalize air pressure on the tympanic membrane. Located between the mandibles but below the occiput, it fills with air when the horse swallows or exhales.

With very similar features to Cyclotosaurus, Subcyclotosaurus is another good example of mastodonsaurid. Its skull is characterized by the small tabular without any trace of a "horn", but with a round lappet that approaches the squamosal flange lateral to the tympanic membrane, failing to meet it by about its own width. The occiput between the otic notches is proportionately wide, a reflection of the small size of the skull. The skull is otherwise of normal mastodonsaurid structure, being specifically more similar to Parotosuchus than to any other genera of this family.

Whiplash as a result of a car accident can lead to brainstem injuries that affect the pyramids at the medulla oblongata. These pyramid injuries are usually a result of a dislocation at the occiput or spinal level C1. Injuries to the pyramids of the medulla oblongata can also be caused by the quick hyperextension of the neck (cervical region of the spine). Hyperextension of the neck can pull and tear the pyramids, leading to a variety of symptoms such as weakness in all four limbs, difficulty swallowing, and difficulty speaking.

All these regions have erect hairs. The anterior portions of both the petiole and postpetiole have appressed pubescence that is also seen on the propodeum. The colour of the queen is similar to that of a worker: the gaster is dark brown and the legs, scapes, and thorax are light brown with dark streaks on the mesoscutum. The head is yellowish or yellowish-brown around the central regions, the occiput and mandibles are a similar colour to the thorax, and the wing veins range from colourless to pale brown.

The infratemporal fenestra (opening) behind the eye was narrow and sloped backwards, and the supratemporal fenestra on the top back of the skull was very reduced in size, due to the thickening of the frontoparietal. The (floor of the ) was shortened and distanced from the regions below the orbits and around the palate. The occiput sloped backwards and down, and the occipital condyle was deflected in the same direction. The lacrimal bone formed the lower front margin of the orbit, and its surface had rows of node-like ornamentation.

Spinal fusion is a procedure in which bone grafts and metal hardware is used to fix together two or more vertebrae, thus preventing the bones of the spinal column from compressing on the spinal cord or nerve roots.Burke, G.L., "Backache from Occiput to Coccyx" Chapter 9 If infection, such as a spinal epidural abscess, is the source of the back pain, surgery may be indicated when a trial of antibiotics is ineffective. Surgical evacuation of spinal hematoma can also be attempted, if the blood products fail to break down on their own.

Their phylogenetic analysis, based on the matrix of Norman (2015), found Choyrodon to be the sister taxon of Eolambia. Eolambias commonly recovered relative Protohadros was not present in this matrix. Three characteristics supported this sister relationship: a trapezoidally-shaped occiput, and two shared traits of the teeth. The placement of these genera relative to other hadrosauriformes depended on whether the antorbital fenestra was coded as present or absent in Choyrodon; the juvenile type specimen has one, but the possibility that adults would have a closed one couldn't be ruled out.

Living in the very southern end of the plains zebra's range, the quagga had a thick winter coat that moulted each year. Its skull was described as having a straight profile and a concave diastema, and as being relatively broad with a narrow occiput. Like other plains zebras, the quagga did not have a dewlap on its neck as the mountain zebra does. The 2004 morphological study found that the skeletal features of the southern Burchell's zebra population and the quagga overlapped, and that they were impossible to distinguish.

The proportions of the skull resemble those of most others of Cyclotosaurus, the preorbital length being 66% of the total mid-line length. The extremes amongst Cyclotosaurus being 61% in the small Cyclotosaurus ebrachensis, and 71% in Parotosuchus helgolandicus. The skull is characterized by the small tabular without any trace of a "horn", but with a round lappet that approaches the squamosal flange lateral to the tympanic membrane, failing to meet it by about its own width. The occiput between the otic notches is proportionately wide, a reflection of the small size of the skull.

A team of palaeontologists led by Fischer formally named the new genus and species Acamptonectes densus in 2012. The generic name is derived from the Greek words akamptos and nektes, which means rigid swimmer, and the specific name means compact, or tightly packed. In full, the binomial name refers to the robust, tightly fitting bones of the occiput, and the tightly interlocking centra ("bodies") of the cervical (neck) and dorsal (back) vertebrae. The holotype, GLAHM 132855, was listed under the inaccurate specimen number GLAHM 132588 in the description.

Many factors determine the optimal way to deliver a baby. A vertex presentation is the ideal situation for a vaginal birth, however, occiput posterior positions tend to proceed more slowly, often requiring an intervention in the form of forceps, vacuum extraction, or Cesarean section. In a large study, a majority of brow presentations were delivered by Cesarean section, however, because of 'postmaturity', factors other than labour dynamics may have played a role. Most face presentations can be delivered vaginally as long as the chin is anterior; there is no increase in fetal or maternal mortality.

The injury is a result of disruption of the stabilizing ligaments between the occiput, or posterior skull base, and the C1 vertebral body, otherwise known as the atlas. The diagnosis is usually suspected by history and physical exam, but confirmed by imaging, typically by CT due to its faster speed in the acute trauma setting, although MRI can also help with assessment in equivocal cases. The treatment is initial stabilization with a cervical spine collar, and then surgical intervention in cases in which reversal of paralysis is possible. The most common mechanism of injury is high-speed motor vehicle accidents.

Unilateral lambdoid synostosis is also called posterior plagiocephaly, indicating that this gives, just like unilateral coronal synostosis, a 'skew head'. The difference is that this time, the deformity mostly shows at the occiput. By Virchow's law, restriction of growth will occur at the ipsilateral side of the head; compensatory growth will occur at the contralateral side of the head. This growth pattern exerts an effect at the base of the skull, which is not even when the child is assessed from a point of view standing behind the child, as well as on the cervical spine, which shows a curvature.

Low-back pain during labor, Am J. Obstet Gynecol., 1987 Apr; 156 (4):901-05 (abstract) (1987 finding that "continuous low-back pain is severe and is reported by about 33% of women during labor.") Actions that have been suggested to ameliorate back labor include physical activity, changing positions,Simkin, P. The fetal occiput posterior position: state of the science and a new perspective, Birth 2010 Mar; 37(1)l 61-71 back rubbing, water massage, application of hot or cold to the lower back, use of a birthing ball(25 July 2013). Positions and comfort measures to easy back labor, allparenting.

In humans and some other primates, the head of the term fetus is so large in comparison to the size of the birth canal that delivery may result in some degree of trauma. As the head passes through the pelvis, the soft tissues are stretched and compressed. The risk of severe tear is greatly increased if the fetal head is oriented occiput posterior (face forward), if the mother has not given birth before or if the fetus is large. A surgical incision on the perineum skin called an episiotomy was historically used routinely in order to reduce perineal tears.

Generally, the parietal bones were very large, with a midline crest, but the squamosal bones typically formed an arch, excluding the parietals from the occiput. The eye sockets were large, in general pointing obliquely upwards; the pliosaurids had more sideways directed eyes. The eyes were supported by scleral rings, the form of which shows that they were relatively flat, an adaptation to diving. The anteriorly placed internal nostrils, the choanae, have palatal grooves to channel water, the flow of which would be maintained by hydrodynamic pressure over the posteriorly placed, in front of the eye sockets, external nares during swimming.

Established in the late 1970s: a, b, d (alveolar), dh (dental), e, g, i, k, l, m, n, ng, o, oe (), p, r, s, t (alveolar), th (dental), u, w, y, z (vowel length, though it exists, is rarely represented). People not only use these three slightly differing spelling systems, but also write words more or less as they pronounce them. Words are therefore often spelt in various ways, for example sena/sina 'that, there', kothai/kothay/kothei/kothey/kothe 'back of head, occiput'. Such variation depends on age, family, island, village and other factors such as poetic speech.

By the 1980s, the affinities of the pachycephalosaurs within Ornithischia were unresolved. The main competing views were that the group was closest to either ornithopods or ceratopsians, the latter view due to similarities between the skeleton of Stegoceras and the "primitive" ceratopsian Protoceratops. In 1986, American palaeontologist Paul Sereno supported the relationship between pachycephalosaurs and ceratopsians, and united them in the group Marginocephalia, based on similar cranial features, such as the "shelf"-structure above the occiput. He conceded that the evidence for this grouping was not overwhelming, but the validity of the group was supported by Sues and Galton in 1987.

A lower right left Cranial bones recovered from the Manda Beds consist of a badly crushed orbito-ethmoidal region, a practically complete right mandible, two fragments of the left mandible, several loose teeth, a portion of the occiput, and several unidentified fragments. In the upper jaw, only the posterior ends of the maxillae, a portion of the palate, and the floor of the orbits are well preserved. The maxillary postcanines are transversely ovate and have three main cusps arranged upon the same transverse plane. The three main cusps are composed of the lingual, central, and labial cusp.

Batrachomorphs are distinguished by a number of features in the skeleton, including a flat or shallow skull, a fused skull roof with no cranial kinesis, exoccipital-postparietal contact on the occiput, and four or fewer fingers on the hand.Benton, M. J. (2000), Vertebrate Paleontology, 2nd Ed. Blackwell Science Ltd 3rd ed, pp.98-99 Benton contrasts Batrachomorphs with Reptiliomorphs; both are stem-based clades; the former constitutes the "amphibian" evolutionary radiation, the latter the contemporary proto-reptilian and early amniote evolution. In the appendix to Vertebrate Palaeontology, which combines cladistic and linnaean rankings, Benton has given Batrachomorpha the rank of Subclass in his 2001 edition and Class in the 2004 edition.

Parts of the cranium with thick bone and high local curvature make for good weapon areas, and these include the forehead near the hairline, the outboard curved part of the parietal bone, and the occiput. Ideal targets are usually the fragile areas of the head, including the bridge of the nose, the cheekbones, the hinge area of the jaw, the temple, and the top edge of the eye socket. Hitting the opponent's teeth or mouth is likely to cause mutual damage. The chin of the enemy is also a generally bad position to headbutt unless striking from below up into the bottom of the chin, similar to an uppercut.

As its specific name suggests, Antarctosuchus polyodon is distinguished by the possession of numerous, extremely small maxillary, palatine, and ectopterygoid teeth, a dental pattern that suggests specialization on small prey, possibly invertebrates. Other autapomorphic features of this taxon are a parachoanal tooth row that extends far posterior to the choana and occipital condyles which are set close to the midline. Antarctosuchus possesses a relatively flat skull, low occiput and well- developed sensory canals, suggesting an aquatic lifestyle. A phylogenetic analysis places Antarctosuchus within Capitosauroidea, a clade of derived Triassic stereospondyls as the sister taxon to Paracyclotosaurus crookshanki from the Triassic Denwai Formation of India.

This is another fossil with only tenuous ties to Meganthropus . It is what seems to be the posterior part of a hominid cranium, measuring about 10 to 7 cm. It has been described by Tyler (1996), who found that the occipital angle of the whole cranium must have been at about 120°, which according to him would be out of the known range of Homo erectus, the latter having a much more angled occiput. His interpretation of the cranial fragment was, however, questioned by other authorities, to include doubts that the fragment was actually the part of a skull that Tyler had thought it to be.

Unfortunately, the palate is mostly obscured by the tightly occluded lower jaw, leaving only the pterygoids and the basicranium (the part of the skull underneath the braincase) readily visible. The pterygoids are relatively long and narrow, and straight for much of their length like those of Compsodon and Dicynodontoides. The two pterygoids meet at a median pterygoid plate positioned relatively far back on the skull, which also results in the rami that contact the quadrate being angled at approximately 60 degrees to the skull's long axis. The occiput is poorly preserved and few details can be discerned, but the overall structure appears typical for dicynodonts, as is the basicranium.

The holotype skull (TMM 43631-1) that would be named Calsoyasuchus was discovered in 1997 by members of an expedition composed of crews from Texas Memorial Museum of the University of Texas at Austin, the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University, and the Seba Dalkai Navajo Nation School. It was found in the middle third of the silty facies of the Kayenta Formation, near the Adeii Eechii Cliffs. The skull is missing the lower jaws, part of the palate, most of the suspensorium (the bones that make up the region where the upper and lower jaws articulate), and the occiput and braincase. Sutures between the skull bones are mostly fused.

Initially, the skull (NHMUK PV OR40103) was believed to be pliosaurian; it was the preparator Mr Davies that suggested a crocodylian nature for the skull. In 1870, Hulke described the skull, which is preserved in two sections: the rostrum and the occiput. Hulke suggested that "this head and the lower jaw both belonged to one individual" as both the same dimensions and were discovered in close proximity in a reef exposed at low water in Kimmeridge Bay. Some material was destroyed due to pyrite decay while the isolated bone fragment referred to as the "upper maxilla" has never been figured and cannot be located.

Life restoration Goyocephale is known from a partial skull, including both mandibles, the skull roof, part of the occiput, part of the braincase region, the posterior skull, the premaxilla, and the maxilla. The posterior edge of the skull roof, at the edge of the squamosal bones, has many small bony bumps, which would have been the base of small horns in life. A feature shared with pachycephalosaurids, Goyocephale had a heterodont dentition, with large caniniform premaxilla teeth, followed by a diastema between the premaxilla and the maxilla, and the regular sub- triangular teeth in the maxilla. Teeth in the premaxilla become larger farther posterior, with the last being the largest.

The back- striped weasel is distinguished from all other Mustela species by the presence of a narrow, silvery dorsal streak extending from the occiput almost to the root of the tail, with a corresponding yellowish ventral streak from the chest along the abdomen. The general colour of the dorsal surface varies from deep to paler chocolate brown, sometimes a little paler on the head and usually slightly darkened along the side of the dorsal streak. The tail and limbs are of the same hue as the back. The upper lip from the rhinarium, the chin and the throat up to the level of the ears are pale varying from whitish to ochreous.

The interparietal articulates inferiorly with the exoccipital and the opisthotic with the tabular forming the outer portion of the occiput. Above the interparietal is articulation with the parietal and the squamosal. As part of the articulation with the quadrate is a long process lying against the squamosal externally and the opisthotic internally. The exoccipitals are small and form the lateral walls of the foramen magnum Broom, R. “On the Structure of the Mammal-Like Reptiles of the Sub-Order Gorgonopsia.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Containing Papers of a Biological Character 218 (1930): 345–371.. Sauroctonus progressus Battail & Surkov describe Scylacops as the closest overall morphological relative to the Russian gorgonopsine Sauroctonus progressus.

Skull of a Senegalese golden wolf from the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle It is at least an inch (2.54 centimeters) higher at the shoulder, and several inches longer than the Egyptian wolf; adult Senegalese golden wolves are about 15 inches (38.1 cm) high on the midsection and 14 inches (35.56 cm) in length from tail to occiput. The ears are longer, and the head is more dog-like than that of the Egyptian wolf and measures 7 inches (17.78 cm) in length. The tail is not as hairy, and is shorter, being 10 inches (25.4 cm) long. The nose and forehead are greyish-buff, while the throat and under parts are white.

Until the more recent discovery of a new specimen, Biseridens was primarily known from fragmented skull and jaw material discovered in the 1990s in the upper part of the upper Xidagou Formation of Gansu, China. The specimen included an incomplete skull with the posterior portion of the left ramus of the lower jaw and the anterior part of the lower jaws including well-preserved teeth. The more recently discovered specimen includes a nearly complete skull (lacking the occiput) with lower jaws, found with a set of 14 articulated vertebrae. This new specimen was preserved in mudrock and also discovered in the upper part of Xidagou Formation in Dashankau, Yumen in the Gansu Province of China.

Compared to S. fatalis, S. populator was more robust and had a more elongated and narrow skull with a straighter upper profile, higher positioned nasal bones, a more vertical occiput, more massive metapodials and slightly longer forelimbs relative to hindlimbs. Large tracks from Argentina (for which the ichnotaxon name Smilodonichium has been proposed) have been attributed to S. populator, and measure by . This is larger than tracks of the Bengal tiger, to which the footprints have been compared. S. fatalis restored with spotted coat Traditionally, saber-toothed cats have been artistically restored with external features similar to those of extant felids, by artists such as Charles R. Knight in collaboration with various paleontologists in the early 20th century.

Of the services in the Ritual and Pontifical there is not much to say. The ceremonies of Baptism differ in their order from those of the Roman Rite. The Ambrosian order is: renunciation; ephphatha; sufflation; unction; exorcism and second sufflation; signing with the Cross; delivery of the salt; introduction into the church; Creed and Lord's Prayer; declaration of faith; Baptism, for which the rubric is: Ter occiput mergit in aqua in crucis formam (and, as Legg points out, the Ambrosians boast that their baptism is always by immersion); litany; anointing with chrism; delivery of white robe and candle; dismissal. A great part of the wording is exactly the same as the Roman.

Close-up of a male A female This species of lizard has a large head that is elongated and depressed, with the cheeks swollen in adult males. The snout is longer than the diameter of the orbit (eye cavity). The upper head scales are unequal and smooth or obtusely keeled, the scales being larger on the sinciput (brow) than on the occiput. The canthus rostralis and supraciliary (brow) has a clear and sharp edge, two small separated spines or groups of spines above the ear are present or absent; the diameter of the tympanum is half or a little more than half that of the orbit; it has 10 to 13 upper and as many lower labial scales.

In Alick Walker's first paper looking at the origin of birds and crocodiles it is suggested that they could in fact have a close common ancestor with Sphenosuchus. The evidence being similarities in several features including: quadrate articulation, inner ear regions, pneumatic spaces connected with the middle ear, the palatal structure, occiput and odd bsipterygoid process, and the upper temporal bar positioning in the skull. According to these findings Walker thought that the conclusion that birds and crocodiles could be more closely related than previously thought could not be ignored. In 1990 Walker revised his previous work with a new, more comprehensive paper regarding Sphenosuchus and the relationship with modern crocodiles and birds.

In combination with the strong occiput of the skull, this interlocking resulted in a stiffening of the front section of the vertebral column. Such stiffening can be observed in other thunnosaurian ichthyosaurs, though not to the degree seen in Acamptonectes. The neural arches of the vertebrae feature narrow pre- and postzygapophyses (articular processes) that are unpaired (fused into a single element) in the whole vertebral column; this is in contrast to Platypterygius hercynicus and Sveltonectes, where these processes are paired in the front part of the column. The neural spines (upwards projections) are of variable height; in some dorsals they are markedly longer, reaching 1.25 times the height of the largest centrum.

Aspects of gorgonopsian paleobiology and evolution: insights from the basicranium, occiput, osseous labyrinth, vasculature, and neuroanatomy. PeerJ. (Vol. 5): 1-45. While Owen had originally assumed the holotype to be the skull of an adult, it has been argued that it was actually the skull of a juvenile. Owen only attributed its old age to the state of its sutures and teeth, while others noticed features indicating a young age, including its “...short snout, large orbits, slender postcanine teeth, tooth replacement, numerous small postcanine teeth, well developed foramina, large supraorbital portion of the frontal, anteriorly situated preparietal, slender skull arches, narrow vomer, well developed palatal tuberosities, teeth on transverse apophyses, large ectopterygoids, slender mandible, [and] open symphysis”.

Proburnetia, a biarmosuchian with strange bumps and bosses on its skull, from the Late Permian of Russia The biarmosuchian skull is very similar to the sphenacodontid skull, differing only in the larger temporal fenestra (although these are still small relative to later therapsids), slightly backward-sloping occiput (the reverse of the pelycosaur condition), reduced number of teeth, and single large canine teeth in both upper and lower jaws, and other features (Carroll 1988 pp. 370, Benton 2000 p. 114). In later specialised Biarmosuchia, these resemble the enlarged canines of the Gorgonopsia. The presence of larger jaw-closing muscles (and hence a stronger bite) is indicated by the flaring of the rear of the skull where these muscles were attached.

As with gymnarthrids like Euryodus, Proxilodon possesses a long postorbital region and a slightly convex occiput, but it also has a much narrower skull than is typical of Euryodus and a higher premaxillary tooth count, among other features, that differentiate it from gymnarthrids at large. Other features listed in the diagnosis include a small notch in the premaxilla that articulates with the nasal, a nasal longer than it is broad (in line with the generally narrow skull), and the absence of a pineal foramen, instead being replaced by a shallow fossa. The holotype skull is typically sized for 'microsaurs,' measuring slightly less than 19 mm in length. Most of the internal anatomy is obscured by the articulation with the skull.

The crested argus, genus Rheinardia, is a large and spectacular peafowl-like genus of bird in the pheasant family with dark-brown-spotted black and buff plumage, a heavy pink bill, brown irises and blue skin around the eyes. The head has two crests; the hind crest, which extends down the occiput, is erected when alarmed and during intentional behaviors including pair bonding and courtship displays. The male has a broad and greatly elongated tail of twelve feathers. The tail covert (or "train") of the male is the longest of any bird and is believed to contain the longest (and widest) feathers to occur in a wild bird; the Reeves's pheasant has tail feathers of similar length but which are considerably narrower.

The most conspicuous feature of the skull was the large crest, which ran along the upper edge from the tip of the snout and beyond the occiput at the back of the skull, almost doubling the length and height of the skull. With the exception of the pterosaur Tupandactylus imperator (whose crest consisted mainly of soft tissue), T. sethi had the proportionally largest cranial crest of any known vertebrate (75 percent of the skull's side surface). The crest was mainly formed by the premaxillae (the frontmost snout bones), frontal bones, parietal bones, and part of the supraoccipital bone. The premaxillae formed most of the crest, extending to its back, and contacted the frontoparietal part of the crest by a straight suture (a distinct feature of this species).

While the beak absorbs some of the impact from pecking, most of the impact is transferred to the skull where more trabeculae are actively available to absorb the shocks. The ultimate strength of the woodpecker's beak and lark's are similar, which can be inferred that the beak has a lesser role in impact absorption. But one measured advantage of the woodpecker's beak is the slight overbite (upper beak is 1.6mm longer than lower beak) that causes a bimodal distribution of force due to the top beak contacting the surface moments before the bottom half of the beak. This staggered timing of impact induced a lower strain on the trabeculae in the forehead, occiput, and beak, than if the upper and lower beak had equal lengths.

The central idea of Lombroso's work came to him as he autopsied the body of a notorious Italian criminal named Giuseppe Villela. As he contemplated Villela's skull, he noted that certain characteristics of it (specifically, a depression on the occiput that he named the median occipital fossa) reminded him of the skulls of "inferior races" and "the lower types of apes, rodents, and birds". The term Lombroso used to describe the appearance of organisms resembling ancestral (prehuman) forms of life is atavism. Born criminals were thus viewed by Lombroso in his earliest writings as a form of human sub-species (in his later writings he came to view them less as evolutionary throwbacks and more in terms of arrested development and degeneracy).

Its head is metallic steel blue; the face straight except the ventral fifth produced anteriorly, strongly rugose and shiny; the macula is widely separated from the antennal base; the gena is shiny and rugose; the frontal triangle is shiny; frontal lunule smooth; vertical triangle black. Dichoptic, eyes separated by approximately the width of the anterior ocellus; the occiput is white; the eye brown, with a distinct medial dark vitta. The antenna is orange, except for the basofiagellomere, which is more brownish on its apical 2/3 and is elongate. The thorax is a metallic steel blue colour: its pile short and appressed, white on steel blue areas, black on darker areas; mesonotum has darker blackish blue submedial and sublateral vittae; squama and plumula are white; halter orange.

The hammerfist is a strike with the bottom of a clenched fist, using an action like swinging a hammer, but can also be used horizontally like a backfist strike using the bottom fist. This strike will not damage the bones of the hands as there is no compression of the knuckles or metacarpals, and there is no leverage to bend the wrist. The hammerfist strikes cricket ball sized areas on the body, hence is particularly effective for striking the Occiput, the temples, the nose, the mandible, the wrist (for blocking punches), the testicles, the sternum, and the ear (although a cupped hand is more effective). The hammerfist is sometimes used during "ground-and-pound" striking in mixed martial arts to avoid damaging the bones of the hand.

The Vietnamese crested argus (Rheinardia ocellata) is a large and spectacular peafowl-like species of bird in the pheasant family with dark-brown-spotted black and buff plumage, a heavy pink bill, brown irises and blue skin around the eyes. The head has two crests; the hind crest, which extends down the occiput, is erected when alarmed and during intentional behaviors including pair bonding and courtship displays. The male has a broad and greatly elongated tail of twelve feathers. The tail covert (or "train") of the male is the longest of any bird and is believed to contain the longest (and widest) feathers to occur in a wild bird; the Reeves's pheasant has tail feathers of similar length but which are considerably narrower.

The Malaysian crested argus (Rheinardia nigrescens) is a large and spectacular peafowl-like species of bird in the pheasant family with dark-brown-spotted black and buff plumage, a heavy pink bill, brown irises and blue skin around the eyes. The head has two crests; the hind crest, which extends down the occiput, is erected when alarmed and during intentional behaviors including pair bonding and courtship displays. The male has a broad and greatly elongated tail of twelve feathers. The tail covert (or "train") of the male is the longest of any bird and is believed to contain the longest (and widest) feathers to occur in a wild bird; the Reeves's pheasant has tail feathers of similar length but which are considerably narrower.

By the early 21st century, few pachycephalosaur genera were known from postcranial remains, and many taxa were only known from domes, which made classification within the group difficult. Pachycephalosaurs are thus mainly defined by cranial features, such as the flat to domed frontoparietal, the broad and flattened bar along the postorbital and squamosal bones, and the squamosal bones being deep plates on the occiput. In 1986, Sereno had divided the pachycephalosaurs into different groups based on the extent of the doming of their skulls (grouped in now invalid taxa such as "Tholocephalidae" and "Domocephalinae"), and in 2000 he considered the "partially" domed Stegoceras a transition between the supposedly "primitive" flat-headed and advanced "fully" domed genera (such as Pachycephalosaurus).Sereno, P. C., 2000.

Life restoration Acamptonectes was similar in morphology to the related but earlier ophthalmosaurids Ophthalmosaurus and Mollesaurus. Features of the humerus in specimen SNHM1284-R indicate immaturity, but it lacks the sandpaper-like texture present on the shaft of the humerus in juvenile ichthyosaurs, so is thought to be a subadult. The holotype and NHMUK R11185 are large ophthalmosaurids, and the former is thought to be an adult due to the full fusion of its bones, as seen in the closely fitting occiput bones, and the smooth texture of the humerus. As an ichthyosaur, Acamptonectes had a long, thin snout, large eye sockets, and a tail fluke (the lower part of which was supported by vertebrae), and they were therefore superficially similar to dolphins.

The crest varied from in thickness; it thickened at the contact between the premaxillae and the frontoparietal part, and became gradually thinner toward the top and back (except for the lower part behind the occiput, where it had a thick base). Cast of the T. sethi holotype skull, Cleveland Museum of Natural History Despite its size, the crest was lightly built and essentially hollow; some areas indicate signs of skeletal pneumatisation and a well-developed trabecular system uniting the bones. The crest's surface had a system of channels of varying size and thickness, probably the impressions of extensive blood vessels. A small, opening was present above the orbit (eye socket), piercing the basal part of the crest; such a feature is unknown in other pterosaurs, and does not appear to be due to damage.

Though the two worked together between June and September 1912, Dawson alone recovered more skull fragments and half of the lower jaw bone. The skull unearthed in 1908 was the only find discovered in situ, with most of the other pieces found in the gravel pit's spoil heaps. At the same meeting, Woodward announced that a reconstruction of the fragments indicated that the skull was in many ways similar to that of a modern human, except for the occiput (the part of the skull that sits on the spinal column), and brain size, which was about two-thirds that of a modern human. He went on to indicate that, save for two human-like molar teeth, the jaw bone was indistinguishable from that of a modern, young chimpanzee.

Some physical malformations associated with Edwards syndrome include small head (microcephaly) accompanied by a prominent back portion of the head (occiput), low-set, malformed ears, abnormally small jaw (micrognathia), cleft lip/cleft palate, upturned nose, narrow eyelid openings (blepharophimosis), widely spaced eyes (ocular hypertelorism), drooping of the upper eyelids (ptosis), a short breast bone, clenched hands, choroid plexus cysts, underdeveloped thumbs and/or nails, absent radius, webbing of the second and third toes, clubfoot or rocker bottom feet, and in males, undescended testicles. In utero, the most common characteristic is cardiac anomalies, followed by central nervous system anomalies such as head shape abnormalities. The most common intracranial anomaly is the presence of choroid plexus cysts, which are pockets of fluid on the brain. These are not problematic in themselves, but their presence may be a marker for trisomy 18.

Endocast of the brain As demonstrated by a CT scan, the braincase of Allkaruen exhibits a unique set of traits that are intermediate between more basal pterosaurs such as Rhamphorhynchus and more derived pterodactyloid pterosaurs such as Anhanguera. These traits are the position of the anterior semicircular canal of the inner ear, the relative orientations of the occiput and occipital condyle, the relative positions of the lateral margins of the flocculus and cerebral hemispheres, and the ratio between the length of the brain and the height of the hindbrain. In addition, the relative orientations of the frontal bone and lateral semicircular canal are more similar to Rhamphorhynchus than Anhanguera, while the optic lobes are positioned lower than the forebrain as in pterodactyloids. This unique combination of characters indicates that the anatomy of the braincase in pterodactyloids evolved through mosaic evolution.

Basicranium (A-E), stapes (F-G), and teeth (J-K) of the holotype: The generic name partially refers to the tightly fitting bones of the occiput; the arrow by the exoccipital (E) shows a notch that would closely fit a bump on the basioccipital. Over a series of weekends in 1958, four students and a technician from the geology department of Hull University collected an ichthyosaur (or "fish lizard", a Mesozoic group of marine reptiles) specimen from the Speeton Clay Formation of Speeton in northern England. It was transferred to the Hunterian Museum of the University of Glasgow in 1991, when the geology department of Hull University was closed, where it was catalogued as specimen GLAHM 132855 (it was also known as the "Speeton Clay ichthyosaur"). It consists of a partial skeleton of an adult, including a fragmentary skull roof, a mandible, the axial skeleton, and the scapular girdle.

F. The same, lateral view. G. Metathorax of Orthetrum (dragonfly), ventral view. An analis (anal vein); A' secondary analis (anal vein); ac anteclypeus; alr ante-alar ridge; ant antenna; ap costal process; As urosternite; At urotergite; ax axillary; C costa (vein); Cu cubitus (vein); cx coxa; dr dorsal carina; e eye; epic epicranium; epm epimerum; eps episternum; fr frons; fr1 its superior, fr2 its anterior portion; Fw fore-wing; g gena: hs humeral suture; Hw hind-wing; ips infra- episternum; ll lateral lobe of labium; lm labium; lr labrum; ls1 first, ls2 second lateral suture; M media (vein); mb membranule; md mandible; me median eye-line; ml median lobe of labium; mt mentum; N notum; occ occiput; ocl lateral ocellus, ocm median ocellus; orb orbit; ot occipital triangle; P prothorax; pc postclypeus; Pl pleurum; PN postnotum; pol postocular lobe; PS post-sternum ; R radius (vein); S sternum; Sc subcosta (vein); Sp spiracle; t temple; v vertex; vt vertical tubercle.

Istiodactylid skulls: I. latidens (A), I. sinensis (B) and Nurhachius (C) Illustrations of the occiput, notarium, a neck vertebra, and a shoulder blade of I. latidens, by Woodward, 1913 In 1913, Hooley found the skull and teeth of "O." latidens most similar to those of the pterosaurs Scaphognathus and Dimorphodon, and even considered it a modified form of the former. Later writers classified it among the short-tailed pterodactyloids, and from the 1980s and onwards, it was generally found to be closest to Ornithocheirus and Pteranodon, based on computerised phylogenetic analyses. In 2003, two competing schools of pterosaur classification emerged, that of David Unwin and that of Alexander W. Kellner; both found Istiodactylus to be a member of the group Ornithocheiroidea, but the exact configuration and content of this group has varied between studies. Within Ornithocheiroidea, Unwin found Istiodactylidae (which at the time only consisted of Istiodactylus) to group with the toothless Pteranodontidae, whereas Kellner found the family to group with the toothed Ornithocheiridae.

Within the CNS, nerve cell bodies are generally organized into functional clusters, called nuclei. Axons within the CNS are grouped into tracts. There are 33 spinal cord nerve segments in a human spinal cord: 8 cervical segments forming 8 pairs of cervical nerves (C1 spinal nerves exit spinal column between occiput and C1 vertebra; C2 nerves exit between posterior arch of C1 vertebra and lamina of C2 vertebra; C3-C8 spinal nerves through IVF above corresponding cervica vertebra, with the exception of C8 pair which exit via IVF between C7 and T1 vertebra) 12 thoracic segments forming 12 pairs of thoracic nerves (exit spinal column through IVF below corresponding vertebra T1-T12) 5 lumbar segments forming 5 pairs of lumbar nerves (exit spinal column through IVF, below corresponding vertebra L1-L5) 5 sacral segments forming 5 pairs of sacral nerves (exit spinal column through IVF, below corresponding vertebra S1-S5) 3 coccygeal segments joined up becoming a single segment forming 1 pair of coccygeal nerves (exit spinal column through the sacral hiatus).

Members of the genus Necromys are spread out over a wide area of Central and South America. Morphologically, members of the genus are difficult to distinguish from two other genera found in the same region, the grass mice Akodon and the cane mice Zygodontomys. In 1987, the Argentine zoologist Osvaldo Reig listed the characteristics that distinguished the genus Bolomys from Akodon as; the braincase is broad and deep; the occipital region is short; the rostrum is fairly short; the rostrum tapers forwards when viewed from the side; the occiput is short and truncated; the zygomatic plate is broad, with the front edge straight or slightly concave; the upper incisors are orthodont or proodont; the molars are mesodont, broad and robust; the upper molars have transverse loops; and the lower molars have the lingual cusps slightly in front of the labial cusps. There is very little variation in the karyotype of Necromys, where 2n=34 is the rule, with N. lactens and N. lasiurus having diploid numbers of 2n=36.

Casts of Giganotosaurus and the contemporary sauropod Limaysaurus, Hungarian Natural History Museum In 2002, Coria and Currie found that various features of the rear part of the skull (such as the frontwards slope of the occiput and low and wide occipital condyle) indicate that Giganotosaurus would have had a good capability of moving the skull sideways in relation to the front neck vertebrae. These features may also have been related to the increased mass and length of the jaw muscles; the jaw articulation of Giganotosaurus and other carcharodontosaurids was moved hindwards to increase the length of the jaw musculature, enabling faster closure of the jaws, whereas tyrannosaurs increased the mass of the lower jaw musculature, to increase the power of their bite. In 2005 Therrien and colleagues estimated the relative bite force of theropods (estimates in absolute values like newtons were impossible) and found that Giganotosaurus and related taxa had adaptations for capturing and bringing down prey by delivering powerful bites, whereas tyrannosaurs had adaptations for resisting torsional stress and crushing bones. The bite force of Giganotosaurus was weaker than that of Tyrannosaurus, and the force decreased hindwards along the tooth row.

Identification was based on a number of characters shared by the South African specimens and the holotype of Angonisaurus cruickshanki, including the broad occipital bone; robust squamosal; interparietal contribution to the skull roof; postorbitals that do not contact the squamosals on the skull roof, such that the parietals form a significant portion of the temporal bar; pineal foramen located within a deep conical depression; wide interorbital bar; and the triangular, tuskless caniniform process. However, there are marked differences between the South African specimens and the Tanzanian holotype, including the absence of a midline groove that extends along the entire length of the temporal bar, the absence of a dorsal margin of the occiput that overhangs the remainder of the occipital plate, and the more gracile caniniform processes in the South African specimens. Because the type of A. crucikshanki was the only known specimen of Angonisaurus at the time, Hancox and RubidgeHancox, P. J. and Rubidge, B. S. 1996. The first specimen of the mid-Triassic dicynodont Angonisaurus from the Karoo Supergroup of South Africa: implications for the dating and biostratigraphy of the Cynognathus assemblage zone, Upper Beaufort Group.