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"nonindigenous" Definitions
  1. not produced, growing, living, or occurring naturally in a particular region or environment : not indigenous
  2. of or relating to someone who is not an Indigenous person : not belonging to or descended from the earliest known inhabitants of a place

111 Sentences With "nonindigenous"

How to use nonindigenous in a sentence? Find typical usage patterns (collocations)/phrases/context for "nonindigenous" and check conjugation/comparative form for "nonindigenous". Mastering all the usages of "nonindigenous" from sentence examples published by news publications.

Most of Monday's victims were nonindigenous Papuan people, the police said.
Indigenous Australians are imprisoned at roughly 210 times the rate of nonindigenous Australians.
Some of the California landscapes that look like pristine wilderness to the nonindigenous are actually human-modified ecosystems.
Downie was also active in environmental causes and efforts to promote reconciliation between "First Nation" peoples and nonindigenous Canadians.
Those face high rates of sexual assaults from nonindigenous men, representatives of the activist Wica Agli group said in 2015.
They say that similar sanctions are not imposed upon nonindigenous residents who, for example, camp in their yards or erect canopies for parties.
Inconsistent pay and a lack of acceptance of their work are all part of the ongoing unfairness, they say, between indigenous and nonindigenous people in Australia.
The plant's psychoactive properties were introduced to nonindigenous audiences by the pharmacologist Arthur Heffter, who was the first to isolate mescaline from the cactus in 2000.
It soon crumbled when the president at the time, Ernesto Zedillo, issued arrest warrants for prominent Zapatistas members, including the group's only nonindigenous spokesman, Subcommander Marcos.
And the Australian Reconciliation Barometer, which records attitudes toward indigenous groups, found that both indigenous and nonindigenous Australians believed that racism had increased in just the past two years.
In "Cut the Sky," this Australian dance-theater troupe, comprising indigenous and nonindigenous artists, takes a catastrophic weather event as its premise and turns it into an examination of climate change and indigenous rights.
Cultural appropriation is a touchy topic in Canada these days, with the recent controversy in Canadian media over whether it is appropriate for nonindigenous writers to take on a native voice for artistic expression.
While "colonialism" is not a term many nonindigenous persons typically use even in climate activism, it is the academically rigorous term for describing a significant part of the political relationship between the U.S. and indigenous peoples.
"We go there every year, along with many nonindigenous allies, as well, to talk about the truth about Thanksgiving," Mahtowin Munro, co-leader of the United American Indians of New England, which organizes the protest, told CNN.
" And so when someone like Ms. Warren emphasizes undocumented lineage over tribal citizenship criteria, said Dr. TallBear, who is a member of the Sisseton-Wahpeton Oyate tribe in South Dakota, "what they're telling us is they are privileging nonindigenous definitions of being indigenous.
Statistics from the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare show that the life expectancy of indigenous people is about 20133 years less than that of nonindigenous people (69.1 years compared with 79.7 for men; 73.7 compared with 83.1 for women), and indigenous people generally have worse health throughout their lives.
The number of indigenous university students has increased in recent years, to 1.1 percent of all higher education students, but while they are underrepresented there, they are overrepresented behind bars: Indigenous Australians are 15 times more likely to be incarcerated than nonindigenous Australians, according to the Australian Bureau of Statistics.
" The news media and video bloggers have a place at Standing Rock, Ms. Rae said, but in her view, many nonindigenous feature documentary makers are direct descendants of "the anthropologists" — which Ms. Rae uses as a term of derision — who have long relegated Native American subjects to the equivalent of a "human zoo.
Fiso is one of a number of chefs in the Pacific making an eloquent argument for native ingredients and cooking methods, which only in recent years have started appearing at restaurants in New Zealand, Hawaii, Fiji and Samoa, having long been neglected and outright scorned by both locals of nonindigenous descent and the tourists around whom the islands' economies revolve.
A worthwhile stop is the artists' colony of Tubac, where you can learn about the Spaniards who first explored the region at the Tubac Presidio State Historic Park and nearby Tumacacori National Historical Park, as well as hike or ride a horse along the same trail that Juan Bautista de Anza traveled by foot with 240 women, men and children on his 163,200-mile journey to establish the first nonindigenous settlement at San Francisco Bay.
USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, Gainesville, FL, and NOAA Great Lakes Aquatic Nonindigenous Species Information System, Ann Arbor, MI.
USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, Gainesville, FL. Revision Date: 17 November 2004.
Nonindigenous Aquatic Species. United States Geological Survey. Accessed online: 25 December 2007.
NISA directly addresses problems associated with nonindigenous species, with special attention on aquatic nuisance species in the Great Lakes. In the proper conditions, nonindigenous species can out-compete indigenous species by dominating resources or spreading diseases or parasites. These disruptions can lead to a loss of biodiversity and as a result, ecosystems and economies are greatly affected. Below are a few descriptions of nonindigenous species that are mentioned in NISA.
Fuller, P. and M. Neilson. 2013. Cottus asper. USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, Gainesville, FL.
Fuller, Pam and Nico, Leo (2012) Anguilla rostrata. USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, Gainesville, FL.
Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Factsheet: Petromyzon marinus U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Program (NAS). Retrieved on 2007-08-04. and spread even further in 1919 with improvements to the Welland Canal from Lake Ontario to Lake Erie, Lake Michigan, Lake Huron, and Lake Superior.
Cichla temensis. USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, Gainesville, FL In contrast, it has flourished in tropical Singapore.
Leo Nico. 2010. Notropis chrosomus. USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, Gainesville, FL. Revision Date: 12/5/2003.
It was first recorded from Everglades National Park, Florida in 1983 and is now a common nonindigenous fish in South Florida.Bergmann, G.T. & Motta, P.J. (2005): Diet and morphology through ontogeny of the nonindigenous Mayan cichlid ‘Cichlasoma (Nandopsis)’ urophthalmus (Günther 1862) in southern Florida. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 72 (2): 205-211.
It is thought to have been introduced in western Virginia.Clinostomus funduloides. USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, Gainesville, FL. 2013.
Piaractus brachypomus. USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, Gainesville, FL. Retrieved 2 March 2017.Lauzanna, L.; and G. Loubens (1985). Peces del Rio Marmoré. .
An estimated 700,000 Australians have diabetes. Indigenous populations in developed countries generally have higher prevalence and incidence of diabetes than their corresponding nonindigenous populations. In Australia, the age- standardised prevalence of self-reported diabetes in indigenous Australians is almost four times that of nonindigenous Australians. Reasons include higher rates of obesity, physical inactivity, and living in poor housing and environments among Indigenous peoples.
USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, Gainesville, FL. Revision Date: 12/20/2011 The current population of P. crassilabrum is presumed to be about 10,000 individuals.
Dundee, D. S. 1974. Catalog of introduced molluscs of eastern North America (north of Mexico). Sterkiana 55:1-37. The nonindigenous distribution includes northern Florida.
This article incorporates public domain text from the referenceBenson A. (2008). "Truncatella subcylindrica". USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, Gainesville, FL. Revision Date: 22 April 2004.
It has become an introduced species itself in some areas, often when released from bait buckets.Benson, A. Orconectes obscurus. USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database. Revised 2004.
This article incorporates public domain text from the reference Benson A. (2008). Pleurocera acuta. USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, Gainesville, FL. Revision Date: 4/22/2004.
It is erroneous, and the concerned species belong to the genus Pterygoplichthys (either P. pardalis,Amazon Sailfin Catfish (Pterygoplichthys pardalis) - FactSheet, Nonindigenous Aquatic Species P. disjunctivus,Vermiculated Sailfin Catfish(Pterygoplichthys disjunctivus) - FactSheet, Nonindigenous Aquatic Species P. anisitsiParaná Sailfin Catfish (Pterygoplichthys anisitsi) - FactSheet, Nonindigenous Aquatic Species or P. multiradiatusOrinoco Sailfin Catfish (Pterygoplichthys multiradiatus) - FactSheet, Nonindigenous Aquatic Species). In the United States, a Pterygoplichthys species has been introduced to some regions in the South, most likely released by aquarists into the local waters. For example, they are present in a lake in the neighborhood of Hammock Trace Preserve in Melbourne, Florida. In Texas, reproducing populations occur in spring-influenced habitats of the San Antonio River (Bexar County), Comal Springs (Comal County), San Marcos River (Hays County), and San Felipe Creek (Val Verde County), as well as in drainage canals in the Rio Grande Valley and Houston.
Retrieved 2 March 2017.Nico, L.; P. Fuller; and M. Neilson (22 October 2013). Piaractus brachypomus. USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, Gainesville, FL. Retrieved 2 March 2017.
This article incorporates public domain text from the referenceKipp R. M. & Benson A. (2008). "Gillia altilis". USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, Gainesville, FL. Revision Date: 2/25/2007.
This article incorporates public domain text (a public domain work of the United States Government) from reference.Amy Benson. 2008. Tritonia plebeia. USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, Gainesville, FL. Revision Date: 4/23/2004.
The indigenous distribution of this western Atlantic species is from Nova Scotia to Georgia in the United States. The nonindigenous distribution includes the West Coast of the United States.United States Geological Survey. 2008. Nassarius obsoletus.
Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. In: United States Geological Survey. 2008. Pomacea canaliculata. USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, Gainesville, FL. Revision Date: 2/4/2008 The size of the shell is up to 150 mm in length.
This article incorporates a public domain text from the reference United States Geological Survey. (2008). Marisa cornuarietis. USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, Gainesville, FL. Revision Date: 2/6/2008 and CC-BY-2.0 text from the reference.
The center of origin of Pistia stratiotes is uncertain. It has been found in the fossil record throughout much of the world. Although it is depicted in Egyptian hieroglyphics and the ancient Greek botanists Dioscorides and Theophrastus described it from the Nile River, suggesting an African origin, it hosts many co-evolved specialist insect herbivores in Brazil and Argentina, suggesting the possibility of a South American origin.Pistia stratiotes USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, Gainesville, FL, and NOAA Great Lakes Aquatic Nonindigenous Species Information System, Ann Arbor, MI. Revision Date: 6/24/2016.
This article incorporates a public domain work of the United States Government from the reference Benson A. (2008). "Pomacea haustrum". USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, Gainesville, FL. Revision Date: 8/14/2007 and CC-BY-2.0 text from the reference.
This article incorporates public domain text from referenceUnited States Geological Survey. 2008. Pomacea canaliculata. USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, Gainesville, FL. Revision Date: 2/4/2008 and CC-BY-2.0 text from reference and CC-BY-2.5 text from reference.
Piaractus brachypomus, the pirapitinga, is a large species of pacu, a close relative of piranhas and silver dollars, in the serrasalmid family.Nico, L.; P. Fuller; and M. Neilson (22 October 2013). Piaractus brachypomus. USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, Gainesville, FL. Retrieved 2 March 2017.
Aerial panorama of Geelong facing the bay. Taken August 2018. The area of Geelong and the Bellarine Peninsula was originally occupied by the Wathaurong Indigenous Australian tribe. The first nonindigenous person recorded as visiting the region was Lieutenant John Murray, who commanded the brig .
The plant reproduces vegetatively when branches break off the main axis, or sexually when sporocarps on the leaves release spores.Azolla pinnata. Nonindigenous Aquatic Species. USGS It is present in New Zealand as an introduced species and an invasive weed that has crowded out a native relative, Azolla rubra.
Pennsylvania Council of Trout Unlimited. Retrieved 11 September 2006 Records show instances as far back as 1944.Salmo x Salvel hi inus trutta x fontinalis USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species database. Retrieved 11 September 2006 The cross itself is unusual in that the parents are members of different genera.
The species occurs in much of eastern and southeastern tropical and subtropical Africa, with a southern limit in Zimbabwe, and including Madagascar and the Seychelles (P. s. parietalis in the latter location). Nonindigenous populations exist on Mauritius Island, Guadeloupe, Glorieuses Îsles, and Diego Garcia. It inhabits marshes, lakes and streams.
Nico, L., et al. 2013. Acanthogobius flavimanus. USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, Gainesville, FL. Now it is one of the most common bottom-dwelling fish in the rivers and the Delta, as well as San Francisco Bay. There it has become an important prey item for the harbor seal (Phoca vitulina).
Numerous predators are known to damage Pacific oyster stocks. Nonindigenous aquatic species of concern for Alaska: Pacific oyster fact sheet Several crab species (Metacarcinus magister, Cancer productus, Metacarcinus gracilis), oyster drills, and starfish species (Pisater ochraceus, Pisater brevispinus, Evasterias troschelii, and Pycnopodia helianthoides) can cause severe impacts to oyster culture.
Osphronemus gorami. USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, Gainesville, FL. Other smaller labyrinth fish, such as the climbing perch, the kissing gourami, the snakeskin gourami, and other gouramies of the genus Trichogaster, are local food fish in Southeast Asia. In some areas, the fish are processed into salted and dried food.
Jean Baptiste Point du Sable, an immigrant from Saint-Domingue (now the Republic of Haiti), founded the first nonindigenous settlement in what is now Chicago, Illinois, the third largest city in the United States. The state of Illinois and city of Chicago declared du Sable the founder of Chicago on 26 October 1968.
VHSV can be spread from fish to fish through water transfer, as well as through contaminated eggs, and bait fish from infected waters.Kipp, Rebekah M. and Anthony Ricciardi. Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia (VHS) Factsheet. NOAA National Center for Research on Aquatic Invasive Species, Great Lakes Aquatic Nonindigenous Species Information System (GLANSIS). 2006-12-08.
Pleurocera acuta is native to the United States. It occurs in the Ohio River and Great Lakes drainages; the Mississippi River west to Kansas and Nebraska. This species is listed as threatened in some Midwestern states. The nonindigenous distribution of Pleurocera acuta includes the Lower Hudson River drainage and Oneida Lake in New York State.
Ferriter, A., D. Thayer, M. Bodle, and B. Doren. 2009. Chapter 9: The status of nonindigenous species in the south Florida environment. 2009 South Florida environmental report (Volume I). South Florida Water Management District. This measure aims to prevent the introduction of snake species such as the Burmese python to other regions beyond South Florida.
J. van Dyke, Florida Department of Environmental Protection, personal communication, In: Benson, A. J. 2008. Pomacea insularum. USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, Gainesville, FL. <> Revision Date: 8/14/2007. Bass fishing in the lake can be excellent, and a boat ramp is provided at the Gil A. Waters Lake Munson Preserve Park, with another located at the dam.
The Bryant Press Limited, Ottawa, ON. Inland, this species extends into the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River.Jessop, B.M. (2006) Underwater world: American Eel. Communications Directorate, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Ottawa, ON. Nonindigenous occurrences of this species in the United States were recorded from Lake Mead on the Colorado River and on the Arizona border.Minckley, W. L. (1973).
In Virginia, P. crassilabrum occupies the lower free-flowing portion of the South Fork of Holston River and Laurel Creek. There are documented instances of nonindigenous (out-of-range) occurrences of Phenacobius species; these are believed to be a result of fishermen releasing their unused baitfish into local bodies of water.Nico, L., J. Larson, and A. Fusaro. 2013. Phenacobius mirabilis.
There also are Druze populations in Amman and Zarka and a smaller number in Irbid and Aqaba. There are a number of nonindigenous Shi'a living in the Jordan Valley and the south. The Druze are registered as "Muslims" and, as they have their own court in Al-Azraq, can administer their own personal status matters. Foreign missionaries operate in the country.
Colossoma macropomum introduced to Thailand There is also an introduced population in Puerto Rico and singles (likely deliberate releases by aquarists) have been caught in a wide range of U.S. states,Nico, L.; P. Fuller; and M. Neilson (22 October 2013). Colossoma macropomum. USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, Gainesville, FL. Retrieved 13 March 2017. but only those in the warmest regions can survive.
The indigenous distribution of Pomacea haustrum is Bolivia, Brazil and Peru in South America. The nonindigenous distribution includes the United States: Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge waters in Palm Beach County, Florida. Pomacea haustrum were discovered in the late 1970s in Palm Beach County Florida, and have not spread appreciably in 30 years. This is the only known area where this species is established in the United States.
Elimia livescens is native to the United States. It occurs in the Saint Lawrence River drainage from Great Lake to Lake Champlain; in tributaries of the Ohio River east of the Scioto River in Ohio; and in the Wabash River, west to the Illinois River. The nonindigenous distribution of Elimia livescens includes the lower Hudson River drainage. It migrated to the Hudson River via the Erie Canal.
Callinectes bocourti is a species of swimming crab. Its native range extends from Jamaica and Belize south to Brazil, but it has been found as a nonindigenous species as far north as North Carolina. This crab has a light brown shell with red spots and markings on it, and red claws and legs. C. bocourti is edible and has been the subject of small-scale fishery.
Location of Hawaii An estimated 1,150 species of Lepidoptera, the order comprising butterflies and moths, have been recorded in the U.S. state of Hawaii. Of these, 948 are endemic and 199 are nonindigenous species. This page provides a link to either individual species or genera. The latter is used when all species of the genus are endemic to Hawaii, the individual species can be found on the genus page.
Among the first nonindigenous residents of the area in addition to Nox were farmers and ranchers Creed Taylor, Munroe McDonald, and James H. Parker. Parker was originally from Alabama and settled in the area at the end of the Civil War. He had been a second lieutenant in the 30th Texas Cavalry and eventually owned 12,000 acres in the area. He donated the land for the old school house.
Bythotrephes longimanus (also Bythotrephes cederstroemi), or the spiny water flea, is a planktonic crustacean less than long. It is native to fresh waters of Northern Europe and Asia, but has been accidentally introduced and widely distributed in the Great Lakes area of North America since the 1980s.Bythotrephes longimanus USGS NAS – Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Bythotrephes is typified by a long abdominal spine with several barbs which protect it from predators.
Chickasaw County was founded in January 1851. It was named after the Chickasaw tribe, which lived in the Southern United States at the time. The first nonindigenous settlers arrived in 1848 and the first county seat was from 1854 in Bradford, in the southwestern corner of the county. In the spring of 1857, the seat was moved to New Hampton, located near the geographic center, and was then called Chickasaw Center.
Right after reaching maturity, these clams produce eggs, followed by sperm. Throughout adult life, Corbicula is a self-fertile simultaneous hermaphrodite which can broadcast spawn up to 570 mucoid larvae per day per individual, and more than 68,000 per year per individual.McMahon, R.F. (1999) Invasive Characteristics of the Freshwater Bivalve Corbicula fluminea. In R. Claudi & J.H. Leach (Eds.), Nonindigenous Freshwater Organisms: Vectors, Biology, and Impacts (pp. 315-343).
The Yellowstone cutthroat trout Yellowstone Lake in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, is the site of the most recent catastrophic species invasion. The Washington Post reported that the nonindigenous lake trout, a native of the Great Lakes, had been insidiously introduced into one of the nation's premier fisheries. The native Yellowstone cutthroat trout may not compete well with lake trout because lake trout eat cutthroat trout. The potential ecological repercussions are staggering.
It primarily eats indigenous fruits, leaves, buds, insects and small vertebrates in virgin forest, but can adapt to rapid environmental change in areas of massive selective logging through behavioural modifications and broadening of food choices to include fruits, seeds, shoots, pith, flowers, cones, mesocarp, and other parts of many nonindigenous and pioneer plants. In the forests of Kerala they were observed preying on nestling and eggs of pigeons.
In urban areas, Cape Dwarf Chameleons are limited to planted vegetation, usually nonindigenous species, and patches of highly disturbed habitat. Populations are often found living in the overgrowth of exotic vegetation on road verges, abandoned urban ground, riverine thickets, or residential areas. Part of the species distribution lies in habitats that are protected by provincial parks, national parks, and private reserves. This protected area only amounts to 40% of the total area of occupancy.
Ponchatoula Creek forms a habitat for the introduced species Ctenopharyngodon idella, a grass carp fish also known as white amur, which was imported to the US in 1963 from Taiwan and Malaysia, and is often stocked to control vegetation.Carp Task Force, Ctenopharyngodon idella: Report to the Louisiana Legislature, Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Reference 468, U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior (Washington, DC: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, March 1989), accessed 2010 January 13.
Of the invasiveness characteristics studied, most did not significantly correlate to establishment, spread, abundance or impact of nonindigenous species. Propagule pressure, however, was shown to be a key contributor to both invasiveness and invasibility. This study found there was a positive association between establishment and propagule pressure. In regards to predicting invasions, it was found that propagule pressure was significantly associated with invasion successes and of the inclination of a habitat to be invaded.
Rice, the Washington Department of Ecology, and the United States Geological Survey's Nonindigenous Aquatic Species information resource all indicate that cultivation of this species is suspected as the most likely source of its introduction into Horseshoe Lake in Washington. The spread from lake to lake in Washington is probably the result of waterfowl moving from lake to lake and carrying plants or propagules with them.Rice, Barry. (2007). Are any carnivorous plants "noxious"?.
Meares later claimed that Chief Maquinna sold him some land and on it Meares had a building erected. These claims later became a point of dispute during the Nootka Crisis. Spain, which sought control of Nootka Sound, rejected both claims; the true facts of the matter have never been fully established. There is no doubt, however, that Meares had the sloop North West America built in Nootka Sound, the first nonindigenous vessel built in the Pacific Northwest.
Nico, L., Fuller, P. and Neilson, M. Piaractus brachypomus. USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, Gainesville, FL. Revision Date: 23 August 2013 Piranhas have also been discovered in the Kaptai Lake in southeast Bangladesh. Research is being carried out to establish how piranhas have moved to such distant corners of the world from their original habitat. Some rogue exotic fish traders are thought to have released them in the lake to avoid being caught by antipoaching forces.
This species is found in freshwater lakes, ponds, and slow-moving rivers with mud bottoms. Radix auricularia can live on boulders or vegetation in low or high-flow environments, and is capable of tolerating anoxic conditions, but it tends to prefer very lentic waters in lakes, bogs or slow rivers where there is a silt substrate.Sytsma, M. D., J. R. Cordell, J. W. Chapman and R. C. Draheim. 2004. Lower Columbia River Aquatic Nonindigenous Species Survey 2001-2004.
Leweni spoke out on 13 October to endorse Police Commissioner Hughes's condemnation of hate speeches by certain politicians. Leweni said that the Military was monitoring such speeches, and said that ordinary people were being "misled." In addition he rubbished claims that Fiji would not be ready for a nonindigenous Prime Minister for another twenty years. The Bavadra and Chaudhry governments had not been put to the full test, he said, and should not have been judged on racial grounds.
Of the two major ethnolinguistic categories, Shona speakers formed a decisive plurality and occupied the eastern two-thirds of Zimbabwe. Ndebele speakers constitute about 16%, and none of the other indigenous ethnic groups came to as much as 2% in recent decades. African speakers of nonindigenous languages included migrant workers from Malawi, Zambia, and Mozambique. Three-quarters of white Zimbabweans are of British or British diasporan origin; at various times many emigrated from South Africa and elsewhere.
USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, Gainesville, FL. Its distribution was influenced by Pleistocene changes in the geography of the local river systems, such as glaciation. Many occurrences of the fish represent introductions, such as populations at Lake Powell in Arizona and Utah, the Fort Peck Reservoir in Montana, and several tributaries of the Colorado River in Colorado, Utah, and Nevada. Some occurrences may or may not be native. Fish introductions began in earnest around the 1930s.
Many of the new residents or tourists in Florida were responsible for introducing plant species to the area by accident, or deliberately to improve landscaping. Many animals have been introduced similarly, and have either escaped or been released to proliferate on their own. Several terms are used to identify non-native species: exotic, invader, immigrant, colonist, introduced, nonindigenous, and naturalized. "Naturalized" usually refers to species that have adapted to a region over a long period of time,Simberloff, et al, p.
Introduced plant pests can lower crop yields and have environmental impacts.Pimentel, D., Lach, L., Zuniga, R. & Morrison, D. (2000) Environmental and Economic Costs of Nonindigenous Species in the United States BioScience 50 (1),53–65. 2000Pimentel, D., Zuniga, R. & Morrison, D. (2005) Update on the environmental and economic costs associated with alien-invasive species in the United States. Ecological economics 52 (3), 273–288 The spread of plant pests from one geographical area to another is an issue of international concern.
Bayha, Keith M. and Graham, William M. "Nonindigenous Marine Jellyfish: Invasiveness, Invasibility, and Impacts," from Jellyfish Blooms, Kylie A. Pitt, Cathy H. Lucas, eds. Springer. 2014. Table 3.1. p.49. While it is not known how it was introduced to these regions, it has been theorized that budding polyps may have attached themselves to ships, or were carried in a ship's ballast tank which was subsequently dumped. As an invasive species, it has become a threat to several species of shrimp.
It is native to the Upper Mississippi River and Lake Michigan drainages of Wisconsin, eastern Minnesota, eastern Iowa, and northern Illinois; Ozarkian streams of central and southern Missouri, and northern Arkansas; Mobile Bay drainage, Georgia, Alabama, and eastern Mississippi; parts of Green, Cumberland, and Tennessee River drainages of Kentucky, Tennessee, Georgia, and Alabama Fuller, Pam. 2011. Campostoma oligolepis. USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database. It has also been introduced into other areas in North America like the Illinois River in Oklahoma.
Bithynia tentaculata is nonindigenous in the United States and in Canada. Great Lakes Region: Bithynia tentaculata was first recorded in Lake Michigan in 1871, but was probably introduced in 1870. It spread to Lake Ontario by 1879, the Hudson River by 1892, and other tributaries and water bodies in the Finger Lakes region during the 20th century. It was introduced to Lake Erie sometime before 1930. This snail’s range extends in 1992 from Quebec and Wisconsin to Pennsylvania and New York.
They too have been brought to Florida as part of the pet trade and escape, get released by dealers attempting to avoid quarantine restrictions, or escape from damaged cages and artificial habitats during tropical storms.Simberloff, et al, p. 143. Typically, however, most nonindigenous birds live closer to populated areas; some populations of birds establish themselves but decline for unapparent reasons.Butler, Christopher (2005).Feral Parrots in the Continental United States and United Kingdom: Past, Present, and Future, Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery, 19 (2), pp. 142–149.
Knott, D.M., P.L. Fuller, A.J. Benson, and M.E. Neilson, 2019, Penaeus monodon: U.S. Geological Survey, Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, Gainesville, FL However, escapes in other parts of the world have led to established P. monodon populations, such as West Africa, Brazil, and the Caribbean.Fuller, P., Knott, D., Kingsley-Smith, P., Morris, J., Buckel, C., Hunter, M., & Hartman, L. (2014, March 7). Invasion of Asian tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon Fabricius, 1798, in the western north Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico. Aquatic Invasions, 9(1), 59-70.
With the exceptions of Mong and J. C. Smith nearly the entire cast of this film consisted of Inuit performers, most of whom had been born in either Labrador or Newfoundland. The actress portraying the wife of the chief was Columbia Eneutseak's biological mother, Esther Eneutseak Smith. To enhance the "Arctic" realism of filming in Michigan, Monk staged and filmed a hunting expedition and the killing of a nonindigenous polar bear in Escabana, an event documented among the photographs held by the noted historical society.
The sailfin molly is found in freshwater habitats from North Carolina to Texas and the Yucatán Peninsula of Mexico. Preferring marshes, lowland streams, swamps, and estuaries, the sailfin molly is very common in peninsular Florida. Nonindigenous populations are established in New Zealand, in the western U.S., and Hawaii. Sailfin mollies introduced to CaliforniaFinal Environmental Impact Statement, Wetland Assessment for the F- and H-Area Groundwater Remediation Project at the Savannah River Site (March 2004) have caused a decline in populations of the federally protected and endangered desert pupfish (Cyprinodon macularius).
The nonindigenous distribution of Elimia virginica includes another area in the United States: it migrated from the Atlantic drainage through the Erie Canal to the Lake Ontario drainage. The first record of this species in the Great Lakes drainage dates from around 1856-1860, when it was found in the Erie Canal near Mohawk, New York State. Populations later increased throughout the canal in the late 19th century, and reached Buffalo, at the mouth of Lake Erie. In the 1960s, this species was recorded from Oneida Lake in New York State.
The costs in both time and money to send even a small company of cast and crew all the way to northeastern Canada were probably deemed far too high, especially for the purposes of producing just two one-reelers. To enhance the "Arctic" realism of filming in Michigan, Monk staged a hunting expedition and killing of a nonindigenous polar bear in Escabana, an event documented among the photographs held today by the noted historical society."Death of the polar bear", photograph A-1956.96.08; "Cast from the Eskimo movie" (including the dead polar bear), A-1956.96.
It is difficult to determine its exact native range of the Chinese softshell turtle due to the long tradition of use as a food and herbal medicinal,Louis A. Somma. 2009. Pelodiscus sinensis. USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, Gainesville, FL. Revision Date: 6/29/2004 Accessed: 15/05/2009 and subsequent spread by migrating people.C.H. Ernst, R.G.M. Altenburg & R.W. Barbour - Turtles of the World - Pelodiscus sinensis Outside their native China, escapees have been recorded in a wide range of countries and some of these have becomes established as introduced populations.
U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Program (NAS). Retrieved on 2007-08-04. Improvements to the Welland Canal in 1919 are thought to have allowed its spread from Lake Ontario to Lake Erie, and while it was never abundant in either lake, it soon spread to Lake Michigan, Lake Huron, and Lake Superior, where it decimated indigenous fish populations in the 1930s and 1940s. In its original habitats, the sea lamprey coevolved with its hosts, and those hosts evolved a measure of resistance to the sea lampreys.
USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database. Retrieved July 14, 2006 from the USGS Mature female Nile crocodiles typically measure , at which lengths the average female specimen would weigh . The bulk and mass of individual crocodiles can be fairly variable, some animals being relatively slender, while others being very robust; females are often bulkier than males of a similar length. As an example of the body mass increase undergone by mature crocodiles, one of the larger crocodiles handled firsthand by Cott (1961) was and weighed , while the largest specimen measured by Graham and Beard (1973) was and weighed more than .
Menier named the island's high Vauréal Falls after the town of Vauréal in France where he owned a home. He constructed the entire village of Port-Menier, built a cannery for packing fish and lobsters, and attempted to develop its resources of lumber, peat and minerals. Many of the original houses still stand today. Furthermore, he converted the island into a personal game preserve and introduced nonindigenous animals for this purpose, including a herd of 220 white-tailed deer. The deer thrived and today the population exceeds 160,000 while the island's moose population is about 1,000.
The outlook for meliponines in Mesoamerica is uncertain. The number of active Melipona beekeepers is rapidly declining in favor of the more economical, nonindigenous Africanized Apis mellifera. The high honey yield, 100 kg (220 lbs) or more annually, along with the ease of hive care and ability to create new hives from existing stock, commonly outweighs the negative consequences of "killer bee" hive maintenance. Further complicating the issue, Africanized honey bees do not visit some flora, such as those in the tomato family, and several forest trees and shrubs, which rely on the native stingless bees for pollination.
Possibly as a result of the introduction of nonindigenous animals, at least three species of birds became extinct: the Bonin nankeen night heron, the Bonin grosbeak (a finch), and the Bonin thrush. The island was the only known home of the thrush and probably the finch, although the heron was found on Nakōdojima (also "Nakoudo-" or, erroneously, "Nakondo-"), as well. The existence of the birds was documented by von Kittlitz in 1828, and five stuffed thrushes are in European museums. The Bonin wood-pigeon died out in the late 19th century, apparently as the result of the introduction of alien mammals.
The western toad Globally, populations of amphibians are declining in size as a result of habitat loss, predation by nonindigenous sport fishes, timber harvest, increased ultraviolet radiation, and disease. The widespread declines of amphibian populations throughout the Rocky Mountains mirror these global trends. Western toads, once common between altitudes of throughout the central and northern Rocky Mountains, now occupy less than 20% of their previous range, from southern Wyoming to northern New Mexico. Eleven populations of western toads disappeared from the West Elk Mountains of Colorado between 1974 and 1982 because of a bacterial infection and, perhaps, multiple sublethal environmental causes.
If populations of cutthroat trout continue to decline, grizzly bears could lose an important posthibernation food because the native cutthroat trout spawn in the streams and are easy prey for the bears, whereas the nonindigenous lake trout spawn in deep water. The National park Service has begun an aggressive attempt to eradicate the invasive fish by hiring commercial fishing crews, and have removed over 1.7 million with gill nets. It is estimated that for every lake trout removed from Yellowstone Lake, 41 cutthroat trout are saved. So far the cutthroat trout have shown modest signs of recovery.
There are favorable conditions here for some of Europe's biggest predators to survive: the gray wolf, brown bear and the Eurasian lynx; some big herbivores like the chamois, red deer and the roe deer, while small carnivores such as the wildcat and the European otter can also be found. In 1973, 20 alpine marmots, brought from the Austrian Alps, were introduced in the park and released in the Gemenele glacier lake caldera. Nowadays they are found all over the park, but the impact that this nonindigenous species had on other plants or animals is yet unknown. Also, after 1960, the brown trout was introduced in some of the park lakes.
Fish Base Mummichog distribution As bait fish, mummichogs are sometimes released in freshwater habitats, where they can survive, and there have been reports of individuals in New Hampshire ponds, as well as the upper Ohio River and Beaver River.USGS Nonindigenous aquatic species database Mummichog occurrences The mummichog is a common fish in coastal habitats such as salt marshes, muddy creeks, tidal channels, brackish estuaries, eelgrass or cordgrass beds, and sheltered shorelines. It can be found within coastal rivers but seldom beyond the head of tide. A few landlocked populations may exist in freshwater lakes close to shore, for example on Digby Neck, Nova Scotia.
Fish populations in most of the Grand Calumet were virtually wiped out in the 20th century, although the headwaters area continues to support sensitive native species including the Iowa darter. The fish community in most of the river today is dominated by exotic and nonindigenous detritivores. A string of nature preserves operated by The Nature Conservancy, the Shirley Heinze Land Trust and the Lake County Parks Department run along the banks of the lower East Branch in Gary, East Chicago and Hammond. Known as the Tolleston Strand Plain, the preserves are home to the dune and swale habitat, which once covered large areas around the Great Lakes but is now considered globally rare.
Grill E, Mansmann U, Cieza A, Stucki G (2007) Assessing observer agreement when describing and classifying functioning with the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. J Rehabil Med 39(1):71-76Ossa XM, Munoz S, Amigo H, Bangdiwala SI (2010) Secular trend in age at menarche in indigenous and nonindigenous women in Chile. Am J Hum Biol 22(5):688-694Jenkins V, Solis-Trapala I, Langridge C, Catt S, Talbot DC, Fallowfield LJ (2011) What oncologists believe they said and what patients believe they heard: an analysis of phase I trial discussions. J Clin Oncol 29(1):61-68 Bangdiwala SI, Haedo, AS, Natal, ML, Villaveces A (2008) The Agreement Chart as an Alternative to the Receiver-Operating Characteristic Curve for Diagnostic Tests.
While the newspaper articles cited "wagons can now be taken over this route without the slightest trouble," other articles countered, "the trail ... is splendid for horses but fearful for wagons" and "the rocks, mud-holes, bogs, creeks, boulders and sidling ledges of that road, can only be appreciated by being seen, the only wonder is that a wagon can be taken over at all." Other articles were a bit more grim, referring to the wagon road as a "little more than the rocky ridge of a precipice along which lurked death and disaster." Newspaper records reflect on Friday, June 12, 1874, James Harvey Crawford along with his wife, Margaret Emerine Bourn Crawford,"Steamboat Pilot May 26, 1915 — Colorado Historic Newspapers Collection". www.coloradohistoricnewspapers.org. made pioneer history as the first (nonindigenous) couple to cross Rollins Pass by wagons, and Mrs.
Since its debut in 1995, Bernd Blossey and Rolf Nötzold's paper, "Evolution of increased competitive ability in invasive nonindigenous plants: a hypothesis" has been met with varying degrees of enthusiasm. The paper has been cited in over 368 articles in scientific journals, including review articles, tests of the hypothesis using different model species, and expansions and reformulations of the hypothesis. Among the model species on which the hypothesis has been evaluated most recently (in its original form) are Solidago gigantea (giant goldenrod),Altered patterns of growth, physiology and reproduction in invasive genotypes of Solidago gigantea (Asteraceae) Sapium sebiferum (Chinese Tallow),Increased competitive ability and herbivory tolerance in the invasive plant Sapium sebiferum and Lepidium draba (whitetop).No difference in competitive ability between invasive North American and native European Lepidium draba populations Of these three model species, the success and behavior of Sapium sebifurum agreed most closely with the postulates of the EICA Hypothesis, according to the researches conducting the study.
The principal international agreement aimed at addressing the spread of plant pests through international trade is the International Plant Protection Convention, a multilateral treaty for international cooperation in plant protection aimed at preventing the spread of pests of plants and plant products, and promoting appropriate measures for their control (IPPC, Article I.1). In accordance with the WTO Sanitary and Phytosanitary Agreement the IPPC aims to protect plants while limiting interference with international trade.Work, T.T., McCullough, D.G., Cavey, J.F. & Komsa, R. (2005) Arrival rate of nonindigenous insect species into the United States through foreign trade. Biological Invasions 7, 323–332.Liebhold, A. M., Brockerhoff, E.G., Garrett, L.J., Parke, J. L. & Britton, K. O. (2012) Live plant imports: the major pathway for forest insect and pathogen invasions of the US. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 10, 135–143. A key principle of the IPPC is that contracting parties (signatories) provide ‘technical justification’ to support phytosanitary decision making affecting trade.FAO (2002) Guide to the international plant protection convention. FAO Rome, 20 pp.

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