In 2006, he oversaw the first multiparty elections since independence.
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Too often in Africa, multiparty politics has degenerated into tribal feuding.
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Its fourth multiparty election since 2003 will take place on May 12th.
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However, a multiparty system is not necessarily the answer to our woes.
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Maldives embraced a multiparty democracy 10 years ago after decades of autocratic rule.
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He did not mean the multiparty kind, although some people do want that.
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A ruling-party bigwig said this reflected the government's belief in multiparty democracy.
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But Botswana has benefited from prudent economic policies, multiparty politics and fair elections.
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Both are multiparty democracies with free market economies, unlike China's one-party autocracy.
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The country now has multiparty democracy, and more open media and civil society.
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Six decades after independence, true multiparty democracy is still a long way away.
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Tunisia has also made dramatic strides toward multiparty democracy under extremely difficult circumstances.
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Maldives became a multiparty democracy in 2008, ending Gayoom&aposs 30-year strongman rule.
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Ghana's peaceful vote was its seventh since the return of multiparty elections in 1992.
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For all its faults, Iraq is still the Arab world's most boisterous multiparty democracy.
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"There aren't that many fully fledged, multiparty democratic countries in East Asia," he said.
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When multiparty elections were introduced in 1950, the conservatives began to enter the system.
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But Sunday's electoral exercise can hardly be described as a display of multiparty democracy.
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As a result, the president's supporters often make up a minority in a multiparty congress.
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By contrast, in a multiparty parliamentary system, a voter has more options to choose from.
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It calls this a system of "multiparty co-operation", which involves "sharing weal or woe".
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Back in 1991, Duke finished second to Democrat Edwin Edwards in the state's multiparty primary.
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The Political Parties Act being amended was passed in 1992 when Tanzania adopted multiparty politics.
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The biggest pitfall is managing a multiparty project and building consensus among many community councils.
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Founded in 1923, the Turkish republic did not hold its first multiparty elections until 1946.
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But because multiparty systems require both to form a government, parties eventually figure it out.
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In 2006, the first free, multiparty election since independence was supposed to change all this.
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Yet opposition groups say those ambitious proposals leave no room for civil liberties or multiparty democracy.
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Only Cuba resisted genuine multiparty elections, and many predicted this would end when Castro finally died.
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The fact that the underlying battle is multiparty rather than two-sided also works against resolution.
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It will be the focus of the multiparty talks that are to take place in Astana.
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He initially stayed in office for 13 years until he lost the nation's first multiparty election.
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But neither man was able to form a governing coalition in Israel's crazy-quilt multiparty system.
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They point to a change in the constitution made in 2012 that nominally allows for multiparty politics.
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That is easiest in ex-communist countries with barely three decades of multiparty democracy under their belts.
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At first, Marshall's efforts to maintain that unity and prepare for elections and multiparty democracy went well.
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Some Vietnamese, including retired officials and generals, have argued that Vietnam's end-station should be multiparty democracy.
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More recently, with the restoration of multiparty democracy in 1994, Tanzania has been the darling of investors.
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In Europe, by contrast, multiparty systems, consensual traditions and memories of war have long mitigated against polarisation.
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But India is a messy, inefficient multiparty democracy, and environmental rules are often ignored or go unenforced.
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Second, proportional, multiparty democracy is the norm among advanced democracies, and has been for over a century.
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It was the country's seventh more-or-less peaceful poll since the return of multiparty democracy in 1992.
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A smattering of opposition candidates are pushing back with a multiparty slate called the Otso Diretso ("Straight Eight").
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The government denies the use of heavy-handed tactics and says the country is a thriving multiparty democracy.
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In December, it got a multiparty arbitration award against AVIC and its offshore subsidiaries for breach of contract.
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He garnered multiparty support to pass legislation in which political parties gave up much of their public funding.
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Although some 1,000 people died in clashes over constitutional reforms, multiparty elections were held in 1992 and 19643.
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The two parties contained enough multitudes that American politics functioned sort of like a multiparty democracy in practice.
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Following a multiparty election in 2010, Myanmar "rejoined the international community" after decades of harsh military rule and isolation.
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The basic notion is that we are setting this entity up as fiercely independent as a multiparty stake holder.
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Western donors have spent billions of dollars since 1993 trying to build a multiparty system following decades of war.
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This was often how multiparty wars like Syria's broke from the cycle of self-perpetuating conflict, Professor Fortna said.
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We have established a multiparty democracy, improved government efficiency, supported privatization initiatives and implemented a U.S. backed security plan.
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During the cold war it embraced communism; as its Soviet sponsor crumbled it turned to crony capitalism and multiparty elections.
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Before beginning this activity, you may need to build background about multiparty political systems and the electoral process in Europe.
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America has had something more like a multiparty democracy within its two-party system for most of the country's history.
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Abdul Razak Hussein, the first prime minister after the riots (and Mr. Najib's father), approached multiparty democracy with great cynicism.
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Though Mr Modi speaks proudly of Indian democracy, Mr Shah has raised eyebrows by criticising the "weakness" of the multiparty system.
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Between the lines: The bilateral relationship enjoys a multiparty consensus in both countries, so the election was unlikely to disrupt ties.
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Mr. Dahal is Nepal's 25th prime minister since a 1990 uprising diminished the monarchy's role and re-established a multiparty democracy.
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His first stint as president stretched from 20183 to 1992, when he was ousted in the nation's first-ever multiparty election.
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But the Shah&aposs increasingly authoritarian measures and his eventual dismissal of multiparty rule set the stage for the infamous revolution.
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But Five Star is eager to hold immediate elections, as it is already polling at 30 percent in a multiparty race.
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"I am not certain there is any precedent for this since the advent of multiparty politics in 1991," Mr. Githongo said.
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Incumbents in Africa won 88% of direct presidential elections since multiparty elections became common a generation ago until 2010, says Mr Cheeseman.
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By rebuilding its technology on the web, "Cisco can embed one-to-one and multiparty communications right into the workflow," he said.
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Georgia is one of the few former Soviet states to evolve into a multiparty democracy, though its political stability has been fragile.
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A multiparty Congress would be a stronger Congress, because less of Congress would be oriented around two parties competing for narrow majorities.
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A combination of a multiparty system and its electoral laws make it difficult for any one party to have a strong majority.
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In Slovakia, neo-fascists are winning regional offices and taking seats in the multiparty Parliament they hope to replace with strongman rule.
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But the real drivers of biofuel policy in both countries are powerful multiparty blocs of legislators representing rural areas and agricultural interests.
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First, unless these multiparty rural blocs can be broken up, or appeased in another way, ethanol will continue to receive lucrative subsidies.
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The West African country, home to 27.4m people, has now held seven peaceful presidential elections since the return of multiparty democracy in 1992.
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In multiparty systems, such as those found in most European democracies, Sanders and Clinton, John Kasich and Trump would be in different parties.
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In the early 85033s, weak U.S. and Western policies permitted the decaying and besieged Mobutu dictatorship to break its promise of multiparty democracy.
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A multiparty democracy would need strong institutions that respect human rights and rule of law, Abiy said, according to his chief of staff.
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As the end of British rule approached, it was used as a way of harmonizing the Communist mainland with capitalist, multiparty Hong Kong.
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Polls consistently show that the overwhelming majority of people in Taiwan, a multiparty democracy, oppose being absorbed into China's one-party, authoritarian rule.
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"If pluralism means a multiparty system, Western-style elections — he doesn't believe that kind of system is suitable for China," Mr. Ren said.
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An Indian Ocean nation known for its luxury tourist resorts, Maldives became a multiparty democracy 10 years ago after decades of autocratic rule.
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"It's unusual to see charges of treason being used in Indonesia's reform era" that began with multiparty democracy and free elections in 1999.
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If it hadn't been for the all-or-nothing dualism of this choice, the United States might well have a multiparty political culture.
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In the 26s, they drove an uprising against the military after it canceled a landmark multiparty election that Islamists were poised to win.
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It is the commercial, diplomatic and strategic hub of east Africa, yet its post-colonial multiparty elections, held only since 1992, have been fraught.
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When he lost a 1993 U.N.-supervised election to bring in multiparty democracy, he threatened war unless he was given a share of power.
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"This legislation has already been amended seven times since its enactment ... with the objective of strengthening multiparty democracy in the country," Mhagama told parliament.
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Governments embellishing themselves with multiparty elections, liberal constitutions, and other facades of democratic governance, preside over regimes which are political, socially and economically exclusive.
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Zambia, which had experienced smooth elections and transfers of power since 1991, was among the first countries on the continent where multiparty democracy emerged.
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We should celebrate this judicial milestone in Kenya's 36-year multiparty democracy and the hope it signals that Africa's judiciary is coming of age.
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Just two months ago, the world watched in admiration as Liberia peaceably conducted its first democratic transition of power following fully inclusive multiparty elections.
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William LeoGrande, a professor of government and Cuba expert at American University in Washington said the post was different than in a multiparty system.
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The proportional multiparty system allowed an extremist named Adolf Hitler to rise to power with the initial support of a tiny fraction of Germany's voters.
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One of the big announcements at the Build Keynote was the ability to transcribe multiparty speech in meetings while keeping track of which speaker said what.
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He said earlier this month that "all options" are on the table for his future, and suggested the country might be headed toward a multiparty system.
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The strife came to an end with the signing of the multiparty Good Friday Agreement of 1998, although low-level violence and militant activity have continued.
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In 153, Berdymukhamedov introduced multiparty elections, but the last time Turkmenistan went to the polls, in 2017, the President was reelected with 98% of the vote.
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With its history of terrorism and its complex multiparty political system, the country is something of a laboratory for understanding the interplay of attacks and elections.
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North Korea's foreign minister, Ri Yong-ho, held rare multiparty talks with counterparts from China, South Korea and Russia at the Asean summit meeting in Manila.
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Federalism and multiparty elections were introduced to Ethiopia in 1995, but it is only now that genuine democracy appears imaginable in Africa's second most populous country.
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He was succeeded by Mohamed Nasheed in 2009, who served during a brief period of multiparty democracy before being controversially ousted five years after taking office.
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By 1975, Reza Shah abolished Iran's multiparty system and concentrated ever-greater amounts of power in his own hands under the government-permitted Rastakhiz (Resurrection) party.
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He would need 76 seats to form a governing majority, and the country's multiparty system means that mainstream parties can easily form a coalition without him.
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Kasich said earlier this month that "all options" are on the table for his future, and suggested the country might be headed toward a multiparty system.
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In the multiparty systems seen in much of western Europe, conservative parties are instead threatened, or have already been overtaken, by startups and reinvigorated far-right rumps.
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Since he left power in 2002, Kenya has become the region's richest economy, with relative media freedom, regular multiparty elections and a vigorous public debate on governance.
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"We have a one-party regime; I would like to have a multiparty one," said Ms. Nhung, 34, a businesswoman and activist in Ho Chi Minh City.
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While Western aid workers lectured on the superiority of a multiparty democracy, Mr. Hun Sen, who entered the leadership ranks during the Vietnamese regime, subverted that plan.
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In these three countries, an outward-facing practice of "contemporary art" marched in step with local reform movements, engaged with free speech, economic fairness and multiparty democracy.
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"If you have only one political party, you cannot say 'multiparty,' but we have 20 political parties," said Dim Sovannarom, a spokesman for the National Election Committee.
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But the country opened up to multiparty democracy in 1991, after the cold war ended, and for much of the time since then it has been reasonably democratic.
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Strange to recall, before it seized power a quarter-century ago, the ruling party promised Eritreans multiparty democracy with all the trimmings, including freedom of speech and religion.
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As a result, a generation that might've been open to Green Party candidates in a multiparty system grew up blaming them for the outcome of the 2000 election.
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When Ugandans went to the polls last Thursday in presidential and parliamentary elections, they participated in the most heavily-contested political battle since multiparty democracy began in 23.
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Then, Mr. Sassou-Nguesso stunned his countrymen — and much of the world — by acknowledging his ill-gotten gains and voluntarily relinquishing power, leading to multiparty elections in 1992.
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Then he overturned two-term limits in Cameroon's constitution and allowed a multiparty system that continues to host regular elections that he always mysteriously wins by huge margins.
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Over nearly 40 years I've watched it become a multiparty state with a thriving manufacturing base, a growing middle class, and at least a belief in political accountability.
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The president also promised to support Congressional efforts to reform Brazil's political framework, a messy multiparty system that critics say makes Brazil's electoral politics complicated and often corrupt.
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"The absolute majority of people support democratic, liberal and multiparty elections, which is the biggest wish of the Cambodian people," Mr. Hun Sen wrote on his Facebook page.
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Malaysia has a multiparty parliamentary system of government, but the same coalition of parties has been in power for six decades, and has never lost a general election.
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But each will fall far short of achieving a 61-seat majority on its own, meaning that a new government will almost certainly be formed by a multiparty coalition.
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While he clearly has the credentials to lead an authoritarian backlash, many doubt that he has the skills to govern in a multiparty environment that depends on coalition building.
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"Socialism" claim It is worth mentioning that while many countries in Europe have smaller socialist or communist parties within their multiparty systems, they are not countries living under "socialism".
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So, that's exactly how the impeachment process is depicted in Chinese government-backed media: A symptom of the disastrous system — multiparty democracy — that Western powers evangelize across the planet.
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Put another way, the Democrats, unlike their counterparts in Europe's multiparty systems, are often spared the burden of having to work out what they stand for beyond opposing the right.
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Since the 28503 revolution, Tunisia has taken enormous strides: developing a multiparty parliamentary system, conducting free and fair elections, and adopting a constitution that guarantees freedom of thought and expression.
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In a speech on Saturday, Raúl Castro warned that a multiparty system "would be the beginning of the end," and blamed "unscrupulous" middlemen for the high prices of basic goods.
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If applied nationally, such a change would effectively create a multiparty system in which left-wing politicians could run as left-wing politicians without needing the blessing of Democratic Party.
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Thus, when the Economist used election results to recast the 2016 American electorate into a multiparty system, a centrist coalition of the moderate right and moderate left performed the worst.
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The best option for Zimbabwe right now is a transitional arrangement with multiparty representation to stabilize the country, with the Southern African Development Community pledging support to guarantee an election.
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For Mr. Prayuth, an autocratic ruler who wielded absolute authority as head of the military's National Council for Peace and Order, leading a multiparty, coalition government will be an adjustment.
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His government could invoke the threat of an imminent invasion to justify its refusal to implement the 1997 Constitution, allow opposition parties, stage multiparty elections or tolerate a free press.
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Third, multiparty democracy shouldn't seem radical because it embodies the same values — fluid compromise and flexible coalition building — that the Framers, particularly James Madison, saw as essential to self-governance.
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Kasich, who was a presidential candidate in 2016, has said "all options" are on the table for his future, and suggested the country might be headed toward a multiparty system.
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Though it has had multiparty elections since 1994, the country has been run exclusively by one organisation, Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM), the "party of the revolution", since its formation in 1977.
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In a multiparty system like those in Europe, groups on the extreme right are typically shut out of government by the unwillingness of center-right parties to form coalitions with them.
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Tolerated for a couple of days, the sight of crowds on big-city streets listening to speeches calling for freedom of the press and even a multiparty system proved too much.
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It was four days before the "jungle primary," a multiparty free-for-all that would advance two gubernatorial candidates from a field of twenty-seven to the general election, in November.
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In May 2005, with the economy growing rapidly and the government's popularity apparently high, Ethiopia held elections, the first truly multiparty vote in Ethiopia's history, and invited international observers to attend.
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In a region known for presidents brutally clinging to office for decades, Zambia had smooth elections and transfers of power since 1991, long before multiparty democracies emerged elsewhere on the continent.
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Many of the campaigns have spent weeks grumbling about the difficulty of preparing for a large, multiparty debate, particularly one where the matchups are revealed eleven days before the actual event.
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"A father of multiparty democracy has made unsubstantiated claims about elections and unilaterally sworn himself as 'president,' in deliberate disregard of the Constitution for which he so proudly fought," it said.
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But many see the takeover as a symptom of the infighting and generational divide roiling the governing party, ZANU-PF, rather than a genuine chance at multiparty democracy and economic reform.
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Aware of their own urban aloofness, Saigon intellectuals also saw a chance to reconnect with the countryside, using the election to showcase the liberal multiparty system that they hoped would emerge.
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It is places in between—where multiparty elections are relatively new, the result is uncertain and the incumbents' willingness to accept defeat cannot be presumed—where there is most to play for.
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The current president, Abdulla Yameen, is confronted with political opponents with scant regard for the law, yet he personally wants multiparty talks, under foreign mediation, to reconcile the challenges the Maldives faces.
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Now, after years of work, cryptographers and data scientists at Google have come up with a technique to enable this "multiparty computation" without exposing information to anyone who didn't already have it.
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Since its first election in 1952 following the end of British colonial rule, the South Asian nation has become a multiparty government with a parliamentary system and a commitment to free elections.
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ADDIS ABABA (Reuters) - Ethiopia must pursue multiparty democracy, the prime minister's chief of staff said on Sunday in what could be the latest in a series of momentous changes sweeping the country.
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"That's exactly why I'm saying that our young people are fed up and why I'm saying that the prospect of a multiparty system in this country is a real possibility," Kasich said.
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Citing strong feelings of discrimination and a "complete lack of faith" by Kashmiris in government promises, it pleaded for improved human rights and a multiparty dialogue aimed at a durable political solution.
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Since the decision by US President Donald Trump in 2018 to walk away from a multiparty nuclear deal with Iran, Washington has attempted to use what it calls "maximum pressure" against Tehran.
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Both of the major, multiparty political alliances fell well short of an outright majority in the Parliament in the September elections, and forming a government 133 days later required splitting both blocs.
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In political science, there's an idea known as Duverger's law, which states that winner-take-all election systems lead to two-party political systems and proportional representation systems lead to multiparty political systems.
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The funny thing is that what would make a Trump victory most plausible is just the kind of un-American activity he has been campaigning against — in this case, a multiparty parliamentary system.
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Mr. Obama has little time left in his presidency to embark on complex, multiparty negotiations; experts say the North is more confident than ever of its nuclear achievements and less inclined to negotiate.
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"If we have a multiparty system, a Parliament that works and a government without absolute power, then this election may be worth the intimidation," said Kamal Hossain, the head of the opposition coalition.
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Decades later, when Nepal's king again made overtures to China, India mounted an 18-month economic blockade that ultimately persuaded him not only to shun his northern neighbour but also to allow multiparty elections.
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A model of multiparty democracy and free-market capitalism, Taiwan's rapid economic growth in the decades after World War II transformed it into a developed industrialized country and one of the four Asian Tigers.
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Just because a group like Ahrar al-Sham has espoused strict conservative interpretations of what Syria's culture should be and does not mean it is wholly opposed to the idea of a multiparty state.
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Mr. Brown easily defeated his Republican opponent in the election and was re-elected every four years afterward with multiparty backing, most recently in 21973, making him the longest-serving district attorney in Queens.
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She believes that "a multiparty system that centers all the issues is the only way forward for democracy" and that to get to a new system, you first have to master the old one.
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What Democratic voters have created by rallying around Biden is the American equivalent of the Popular Front, which, in the 1930s, was a broad, multiparty alliance against fascism in France and other democratic countries.
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But analysts say that Israel's multiparty coalitions are too unstable and its ministers too shortsighted to embark on ambitious projects that will require tax increases now but only reap results far into the future.
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Raila Odinga, a former prime minister who was detained by Mr. Moi for campaigning for multiparty democracy, both praised and forgave him, calling him a "great leader" who made "great contributions" to the nation.
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Running as a third-party candidate in a first-past-the-post election system is likelier to reinforce the two-party duopoly, and the dangers of third parties, than to open America to multiparty democracy.
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The good news is that, thanks to the rise of popularity of distributed ledger technologies (like blockchain), and data management methods such as secure multiparty computation and secret sharing, we now have a potential solution.
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But many familiar with the workings of Brazil's multiparty system and its sluggish courts said the investigation may bring little beyond more instability - especially if an untested maverick steps in to fill the political void.
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According to a recent poll by the Pew Research Center, most people in this region support the shift from one-party rule and a state-controlled economy to a multiparty system and a market economy.
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Instead of doling out ministerial positions to influential members of political parties with the aim of building coalitions in Brazil's fractious, multiparty Congress, as previous presidents had done, he tapped military leaders, ideologues and technocrats.
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MALE, Maldives – The Maldives elections commission has announced that the country&aposs presidential election will be held in September, as democratic freedoms decline in the archipelago state 10 years after the introduction of a multiparty system.
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The "coalitional presidentialism" that grew out of the system enshrined in the constitution adopted in 1988, in which a strong executive co-exists with a multiparty legislature, both reflects and reinforces a cultural affinity for consensus.
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Majorities in every country, mostly very big ones, approve of the multiparty systems and market economies that have delivered this, as well as their integration into Western institutions—the EU (from 2004) and NATO (from 1999).
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Additionally, as bilateral negotiations expand to multiparty talks with other regional players, the United States will need to be prepared for discussions — and more pointed objections from China — about U.S. troop levels on the Korean Peninsula.
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The pivotal year 1905 found him in St. Petersburg, where a wave of social unrest and political protests forced the czarist government to accede to limited democratic reforms including a parliament (Duma) and a multiparty system.
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Mr Trump pulled America out of the multiparty one with Iran, known as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), hoping to press that country into a bigger, better accord, but so far producing only heightened tensions.
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Denmark has a multiparty political system: Currently, nine parties are represented in parliament, and three new parties, including Stram Kurs, qualified to run in this general election for the first time, by gathering the required 20,000 signatures.
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Although they have flourished in China's "reform era"—decades of fast growth that have brought them apartments, cars, holiday travels, study abroad for their children—they are mostly convinced of the superior vitality of the multiparty system.
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The history of the editorial board would suggest that we would side squarely with the candidate with a more traditional approach to pushing the nation forward, within the realities of a constitutional framework and a multiparty country.
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Lee Drutman is a senior fellow in the political reform program at the New America think tank and the author of the forthcoming book, Breaking the Two-Party Doom Loop: The Case for Multiparty Democracy in America.
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PHNOM PENH (Reuters) - Cambodian Prime Minister Hun Sen said on Monday it was "a fact" that the main opposition party would be dissolved as he spoke on the anniversary of the peace agreement that established multiparty democracy.
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"I'm starting to wonder if we are going to see a multiparty system at some point in the future in this country because I don't think either party is answering people's deepest concerns and needs," he said.
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"When you have an election that is very close, you have to trust the judge," said Miguel Calix, the Honduras representative for the Netherlands Institute for Multiparty Democracy, a pro-democracy organization backed by Dutch political parties.
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Lifting the embargo would go a long way toward shoring up Washington's credibility among conservatives in the Vietnamese military who fear the Obama administration sees improved relations as a way to bring multiparty democracy to Vietnam, experts said.
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Clinton, Jake Sullivan, laid out her strategy for dealing with the reclusive leader — one that relies on a familiar formula of tightening sanctions against the government to pressure it to enter into multiparty negotiations on its nuclear program.
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ETHIOPIA HAS &aposNO OPTION&apos BUT MULTIPARTY DEMOCRACY, PM SAYS Minibus taxis are the most popular form of transport in South Africa, violence is common by rival groups vying for dominance on profitable routes, according to Sky News .
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His 1999 years in power encompassed one-party rule through the Kenyan African National Union, the party he controlled, and also the reintroduction of democracy and multiparty politics, which culminated in his victory in the 1992 Presidential elections.
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The unloved labels of "East bloc" and "Eastern Europe" were demonstrably cast off when the velvet revolutions of 1989 swept across the region, upending the Moscow-loyal regimes and paving the way for free elections and multiparty democracy.
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The sudden switch to a free-market economy and freewheeling multiparty democracy has produced patronage politics, abrupt policy pivots and much dirty dealing when it comes to the licensing and regulation of mining projects, property deals and other business.
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And it has managed to do this at a time when the travails of democracies in Europe, and the painful changes occurring in the US under Trump, fill even the most fervent believers in multiparty democratic values with doubt.
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Some credit it — or blame it — for most of what has happened here over the last two decades, from the country's moving to a multiparty democracy, to millions trekking to El Norte, to violent drug gangs ravaging border towns.
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The way out is to replace our current two-party system with a system that represents the true diversity of Americans — a multiparty system that's more fluid and responsive to Americans' political preferences and that dissolves our binary partisanship.
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But the US is further away from an agreeable situation with Iran now that Trump moved to leave the multiparty agreement to provide Iran sanctions relief in exchange for verification that Iran did not work to build nuclear weapons, he said.
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Decent public transport takes long-term cross-party will; consensus politics require multiparty systems free of interference from large-scale corporate interest; effective labor relations are only possible if trade unions remain strong and are integrated into the decision-making process.
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The 1956 uprising was set off by university students, who demanded, among other things, a free press, free and fair multiparty elections, just compensation of workers, and freedom of expression, all things that resonate with many of Mr. Orban's opponents.
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For example, they would agree to let ethnic leaders who sign the cease-fire deal found political parties and run for office in multiparty elections, if these groups agreed to submit to a disarmament, demobilization and reintegration program within several years.
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Moody's determined that political fragmentation in many countries is hindering reform and will likely slow policy responses to domestic or external shocks, with minority and multiparty coalition governments becoming the new norm and political divergence increasing at the EU level.
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Liang Qichao's "The Future of New China" (1902) is set in 1962; in the story, Shanghai hosts the World's Fair, a geopolitically dominant China has developed a multiparty system, and Westerners study the Chinese in the hope of bettering themselves.
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But managing a meeting of 67 counterparts, many of whom he has yet to meet personally, would test even the most seasoned diplomat, and it involves the kind of complex multiparty haggling that few chief executives know how to handle.
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Defenders of Turkey's multiparty democracy did receive some cause for hope: The H.D.P. party, a liberal democratic party that emphasizes minority rights and is led by an imprisoned Kurd, Selahattin Demirtas, surpassed the 10 percent threshold needed to enter Parliament.
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Critics called the ban on the CNRP an attempt to steal the election and the death knell for democracy in a country where Western donors have spent billions of dollars since 1993 trying to build a multiparty system after decades of war.
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In other countries, most interestingly China, as its economy loses momentum and evolves, there may be a growing tension between groups holding the Leviathan view (supported inevitably by Grandees) and opposing Leveller-like groups (who favor equality of opportunity and a multiparty system).
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It's important to note that in Brazil presidents have much stronger agenda-setting powers than in the U.S. Temer is not popular in Brazil, but he is known as a "dealmaker," one who is capable of managing a coalition in a multiparty Congress.
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Senior U.S. officials on Wednesday branded as credible reports that both the Syrian regime and Russia have violated the ceasefire terms, hitting targets other than ISIS or al Qaeda-affiliated al Nusra Front, which are not a part of the multiparty truce deal.
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If one of the few electoral democracies in the Arab world has failed to ameliorate the lives of citizens living within it, what does this suggest about the ability of multiparty democracy to improve the lives of ordinary people in other Arab countries?
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Beyond that, he started loosening a tightly controlled state-run economy, pledged multiparty elections in a country long known for jailing dissidents and began wooing the government's most strident critics: members of the Ethiopian diaspora, who have long organized insurgencies from afar.
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But without a new strategy in place, Mr. Bolsonaro has struggled to keep even the 58 lawmakers of his own party in line, calling into question his ability to pass politically unpopular measures in Brazil's unruly, multiparty legislature, which has 594 representatives.
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Mexico Is Finding Out Cantú said that the roots of this power and impunity lie in Mexico's transition to a full multiparty system in 2000 when the Institutional Revolutionary Party, or PRI, lost control of the presidency for the first time in 71 years.
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It has enjoyed, to some degree, the benefits of a multiparty system since 1990; there was a free press in the past, and more so after the Youth Revolution of 2011, until the Houthi-Saleh forces took over the capital of Sanaa in September 2014.
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The A.N.C.'s electoral humiliation heralds an important new era in South African politics, one in which the messy realities of competitive multiparty democracy may well replace the ossification that sets in when a liberation movement becomes a de facto postcolonial one-party state.
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HARARE, Zimbabwe — When Robert G. Mugabe stepped down as Zimbabwe's president last fall, jubilant citizens poured into the streets of Harare, the capital, hoping that the end of his 22014-year rule would lead to competitive multiparty elections and the revival of a moribund economy.
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He has yet to lift restrictions on civil society, and it's unclear how multiparty elections can be held, as he has promised, in a country where the governing coalition and its allies have sweeping control over almost all institutions — and hold every seat in Parliament.
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I was struck by how many officials and experts at a Tsinghua University seminar I attended were so willing to baldly state that their top-down, one-party system of governance and state-directed capitalism was superior to our multiparty, democratic, free-market system.
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Yet while Israel's unruly multiparty parliamentary democracy may have ample room for improvement — and a new poll on Tuesday showed that most Israelis would like to replace it with a two-party system — few analysts are calling the current state of prolonged paralysis a crisis.
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Lee Drutman is a senior fellow in the Political Reform program at the think tank New America, co-host of the Politics in Question podcast, and author of the new book, Breaking the Two-Party Doom Loop: The Case for Multiparty Democracy in America.
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MANILA — A Southeast Asian diplomatic meeting quietly turned into the first real multiparty bargaining session in eight years to tackle North Korea's nuclear program, as the country's top diplomat held a rare round of talks with his counterparts from China, South Korea and Russia.
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" In 2001, Thich Quang Do published "Appeal for Democracy in Vietnam," an eight-point declaration calling for a multiparty system, free elections, independent trade unions and the abolition of "all degrading forms of imported culture and ideologies that pervert Vietnamese spiritual and moral values.
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"The low percentage of women attorneys appearing in a speaking role in courts was found at every level and in every type of court: upstate and downstate, federal and state, trial and appellate, criminal and civil, ex parte applications and multiparty matters," according to the report.
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"The forthcoming April poll in Turkey will be the first unfair — and at least partially unfree — election in the country since Turkey became a multiparty democracy in 1950," said Soner Cagaptay, the director of the Turkish Research Program at the Washington Institute, an American think tank.
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The authorities of the day, after first ordering the army to shoot at another generation of youth — this one very angry — later agreed to a transition of sorts, notably allowing the advent of multiparty politics, the army's withdrawal from civilian politics and greater freedom for the media.
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It took more than a quarter of a century before the restoration of multiparty democracy in 1992 ushered in the start of what many now call Africa's second liberation, and put an end to a cycle of military coups in Ghana interspersed only by brief periods of civilian government.
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Raffman: As noted, I'd like to see supply chain liability rules evolve so that the entire supply chain for a vehicle is insured under one insurance policy, so that legitimate claims can be settled quickly and victims compensated without multiparty "complex litigation" in the case of every accident.
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In 1991 it became only the second country on the continent (months after Benin) to experience the peaceful, democratic removal of an incumbent at the ballot box, when Kenneth Kaunda, who had run the country for 27 years after independence, stepped down after losing the country's first multiparty poll.
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In a press release, PG&E proposed a multiparty settlement agreement in which they will not collect nearly $1.63 billion in costs from ratepayers and customers who were negatively affected by the wildfires, as well as a commitment to invest $50 million in shareholder funding to system enhancements.
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In his statement defending the multiparty agreement with Iran, known as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, Obama cited many who support the deal, including the US' European allies, and he invoked the support of US Secretary of Defense James Mattis, who has said it is in the interest of the US to stay in the agreement.
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In six months, he has officially ended two decades of hostilities with Ethiopia's longtime rival and neighbor, Eritrea; started loosening a tightly controlled state-run economy and opened up major industries to foreign investment; pledged multiparty elections; released thousands of political prisoners; and allowed leaders of a previously outlawed opposition group to return to the country.
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In my essay, I argued that one way to dissolve this destructive zero-sum trench warfare would be to move to a multiparty system by changing electoral laws, thus effectively ending the two-party system that has been a marked feature of American politics for our entire political history — a function of our single-member district, plurality-winner approach to elections.
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This presents a rather awkward scenario for those who see the War on Terror as one against Islamism: Ahrar al-Sham, as a group that may be valuable to the Free Syrian Army's Aleppo operations and has been at least lukewarm to US involvement and a multiparty Syria, has executed civilians and has established conservative Islamism in its own territories.
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Rice has been on the front lines of the transformative events of the 20th and 21st centuries, including the collapse of the Soviet Union, the fall of the Berlin Wall, the expansion of NATO to the former communist states of Eastern Europe, the transition to multiparty democracy in Asia, Latin America and Africa, the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan and the emergence of Islamist terrorism.
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These included a tougher stance toward Iran, with whom Trump has threatened to cancel a landmark multiparty nuclear deal, as well cutting aid to the Palestinian refugee agency at the U.N. The U.S. State Department announced Tuesday it was withholding $65 million from a scheduled $125 payment to the the United Nations Relief and Works Agency, which is set up to help Palestinian refugees and their descendants in the Middle East, citing the need for it to make unspecified reforms.
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Background Reading: Ross on how Trump's Jacksonian foreign policy vision led to Suleimani's killing Michelle on how Suleimani's death has brought on the nightmare stage of Trump's presidency and minority rule in American politics David on Trump's high-risk Iran strategy and the administration's lies about why it targeted Suleimani Lee Drutman, "Breaking the Two-Party Doom Loop: The Case for Multiparty Democracy in America" (Oxford University Press) and "Trump's Election May Have Been the Shock We Needed" (New York Times op-ed) Jonathan Chait, "Trump's One Foreign-Policy Idea Is to Make America More Like Its Enemies" (New York Magazine) I've been an Op-Ed columnist since 2009, and I write about politics, religion, pop culture, sociology and the places where they all intersect.
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