107 Sentences With "mineral deposit" | Random Sentence Generator

It's a mineral deposit that often appears jutting out of the ground as a large column of shiny, blue-black rock.

For the next 100 million years, lava bubbled up into what geologists call the Midcontinent Rift, forming a mineral deposit filled with copper and nickel.

"These tax incentives will encourage 'junior explorers' to take risks and to have a go at discovering the next large-scale mineral deposit," the prime minister said.

It does not offer policy recommendations, but Zinke will rely on the findings as he prioritizes research into certain mineral deposit areas on federal land and plans policies to promote mining.

That report did not offer policy recommendations, but Zinke said he would rely on the findings as he prioritizes research into certain mineral deposit areas on federal land and plans policies to promote mining.

The Alpala mineral deposit, which is located in the Cascabel region, "could become the largest underground silver mine, third-largest gold and sixth-largest copper in the world," the Energy Ministry said in a statement.

The new study includes a comparison of mineral deposit patterns with those on Earth, which paints a picture of one or perhaps even several long-term periods of a warm Mars with rainstorms and flowing water.

It's nice to roll around on stable wheels, sure, but it's no use when you want to get to the far side of some boulder or descend into a ravine to check out an interesting mineral deposit.

A retention license is granted to holders of a prospecting license after they identify a mineral deposit within the prospecting area which is potentially of commercial significance but cannot be immediately developed due to technical constraints, adverse market conditions or other economic factors.

"I would love to get some more on the books just because of the optionality they provide," he said, referring to the potential for big financial gains for Silver Wheaton, from a small investment of typically less than $20 million, if the exploration company finds a big mineral deposit.

Once that balance was achieved, there was little left to do except move on and continue strip-mining the planet at a different mineral deposit—which often meant building all the same stuff somewhere else on the planet, and then transporting goods from one base to the other to ensure everyone can perform maintenance and power their production buildings.

Developments in mineral deposit modeling: U. S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2004, 168 p.^Singer, D.A., 2008. Mineral deposit densities for estimating mineral resources: Mathematical Geosciences, v. 40, no.

In November 2015, the Government of the Northwest Territories purchased the mineral deposit.

Cerro Impacto is a large mineral deposit in the southern Venezuelan state of Amazonas.

A mineral deposit is any geologically significant concentration of an economically useful rock or mineral present in a specified area. The presence of a known but unexploited mineral deposit implies a lack of evidence for profitable extraction. Hydrothermal mineral deposits are divided into six main subcategories: porphyry, skarn, volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS), sedimentary exhalative (SEDEX), and epithermal and Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) deposits. Each hydrothermal mineral deposit has different distinct structures, ages, sizes, grades, geological formation, characteristics and, most importantly, value.

Hal T. Morris, 1986, "Polymetallic replacement deposits," in Dennis P. Cox and Donald A. Singer, Mineral Deposit Models, US Geological Survey, Bulletin 1693, p.99-100.

Examples of rock art exist dating from this period exist in the area. The Steenkampskraal rare earth mineral deposit lies 80km to the north east of the town in nearby Namaqualand.

Stoping is considered "productive work", and is contrasted with "deadwork", the work required merely to access the mineral deposit, such as sinking shafts and winzes, carving adits, tunnels, and levels, and establishing ventilation and transportation.

Turin Museum, presents the map of an Egyptian gold mine and can be considered as the oldest representation of a geological field A field is a mineral deposit containing a metal or other valuable resources in a cost-competitive concentration. It is usually used in the context of a mineral deposit from which it is convenient to extract its metallic component. The deposits are exploited by mining in the case of solid mineral deposits (such as iron or coal) and extraction wells in case of fluids (such as oil, gas or brines).

The natural nuclear reactor formed when a uranium-rich mineral deposit became inundated with groundwater that acted as a neutron moderator, and a nuclear chain reaction took place. The heat generated from the nuclear fission caused the groundwater to boil away, which slowed or stopped the reaction. After cooling of the mineral deposit, the water returned, and the reaction restarted, completing a full cycle every 3 hours. The fission reaction cycles continued for hundreds of thousands of years and ended when the ever-decreasing fissile materials no longer could sustain a chain reaction.

Catanauan Clay loam is found in the valley is used mostly on paddy rice field, while Bolinao Clay loam is devoted to coconut, bananas and other crops and some part has a mineral deposit like in Barangay Bulo and Cadlit.

Mineral deposit density models start with the areas of well-explored control tracts where the number of deposits that are consistent with the grade-and-tonnage model are used. The resulting frequency distributions serve as analogs for estimation of the number of undiscovered deposits in other tracts.

Minette iron ore with belemnite fragment from Rumelange, Luxemburg Minette is a type of mineral deposit, consisting of iron ore of sedimentary origin, found in the south of Luxembourg and in Lorraine. Minette ore was deposited in the Early Jurassic and Middle Jurassic.Hallam, Anthony. Jurassic Environments.

Beckumer Berge landscape fact file by the BfN The main mineral deposit is limestone, which is quarried in Beckum and Ennigerloh in large quantities and used by the cement industry in the area. Formerly, strontianite was also mined and used as a whitener for the sugar industry.

It is regarded as a world-class rare-earth mineral deposit. The metals that can be extracted from it include: cerium, lanthanum, neodymium, and europium. In 2008, remaining reserves using a 5% cutoff grade were estimated to exceed 20 million tons of ore that averages 8.9% rare-earth oxides.

Villiaumitic lujavrite, Kvanefjeld. Field of view is 1.75 cm wide. Click for link to additional photos. Kvanefjeld (or Kuannersuit), in Greenland, is the site of a mineral deposit, which is claimed to be the world's second-largest deposit of rare-earth oxides, and the sixth-largest deposit of uranium.

Xie Jiarong (; 7 September 1898 – 14 August 1966), courtesy name Jihua (), was a Chinese geologist and one of the founders of the Geological Society of China. Xie was the founder of mineral deposit in China. Xie was a member of the Academia Sinica, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Jiusan Society.

The major mineral deposit in the area is gold. This was an important factor in the development of the area. Gold and other mineral deposits in the area may also be rich in iron and sulfides, which may impact water quality. Vegetation in the area consists of oak woodland and mixed conifer forest.

It is a ground cover, up to 30 cm high, with hairy stems. Leaves are from 2 to 7 cm long and up to 4 cm wide, lanceolate to ovate in shape. Sometimes a hard mineral deposit occurs on the leaves. The base of the leaf can be purple and dotted with glands.

Huoshaoyun () is a mountain with significant lead-zinc deposit in the disputed region of Aksai Chin in Hetian County in Xinjiang, China. The discovery of the mineral deposit was published in academic journal in 2015 and commercially announced in 2016. The development of the site into a mining operation started in 2017. The mine is owned by Guanghui Energy.

Among the most interesting are the helictites, which are hollowed, twisted, spiraling straws of deposited calcite or aragonite. They are formed when water travels through the tube and then evaporates, leaving a trace mineral deposit at the end. Other speleothems found in the cave include: cave bacon, cave columns, flowstone, cave popcorn, cave drapery, stalactites and stalagmites.

Miners at work, circa 1940-1959 The Kiruna mineral deposit was formed following intense volcanic activity. Iron-rich solutions precipitated the iron on to a syenite porphyry footwall. Then the ore bed was covered by further volcanic deposits, quartz porphyry, and sedimentary rocks. Later the whole body was tilted to its current dip of 50 to 60°.

The complex is well known for its chromitite reef deposits, particularly the Merensky reef and the UG-2 reef. It represents about 75 percent of the world's platinum and about 50 percent of the world's palladium resources. In this respect, the Bushveld complex is unique and one of the most economically significant mineral deposit complexes in the world.

Newcastle is located at (42.652005, -96.875265). According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of , all land. Located near Newcastle is the Ionia Volcano, a mineral deposit that once sat in cliffs on the edge of the Missouri River. Water from the river would leak through fissures in the cliff and cause steam to rise.

The Karakul deposit is one of the largest cobalt deposits in Russia. The deposit is located in Altai Republic. The deposit has reserves amounting to 180 million tonnes of ore grading 0.33% cobalt, 1.5% copper, 0.11% nickel and bismuth, 0.4% tungsten, 4.6 million oz of gold and 57.6 million oz of silver. The mineral deposit was discovered by Soviet prospectors in the 1970s.

Blue billy is a chemical or mineral deposit often encountered in contaminated land. The name is a reference to its distinctive bright blue colour, which can make it immediately obvious in other mud or soil. Chemically it is a form of Prussian blue. Although several chemical industry processes could produce it, it is particularly associated with coal gasification and older town gasworks.

Romblon's economy relies much on the local marble industry. Marble is the most significant mineral deposit of Romblon and is the most renowned product of the province. The province is the second biggest provincial marble producer of the country next to Bulacan. Romblon marble is of very high quality and comes in shades of white, green, pink, red and black.

The mineral deposit was first discovered in the 1950s. Much of the historical process development focused on uranium extraction, including a promotional visit by physicist Niels Bohr to the nearby town of Narsaq in 1957. In 1983, the Danish government decided not to pursue the option of nuclear power, and work programs on Kvanefjeld ceased. Greenland Minerals and Energy acquired the area in 2007.

The accumulation of a heavy mineral deposit requires a source of sediment containing heavy minerals onto a beach system in a volume which exceeds the rate of removal from the trap site. For this reason not all beaches which are supplied by sands containing heavy minerals will form economic concentrations of the minerals. This factor can be qualitatively or quantitatively measured through the ZTR index.

Marinova dolostone quarry Marinova dolostone quarry is a quarry in a mineral deposit situated on a dolostone deposit of Pskov formation with a thickness of about ten metres in Võru County, Meremäe rural municipality in Estonia. Marinova quarry is mining and crushing construction dolomite. The area contains mostly Upper Devonian series clastic rocks. Carbonate rocks in south- east Estonia and carbonate rock outcrops are very rare in that area.

As they require the conjunction of specific environmental conditions to form, particular mineral deposit types tend to occupy specific geodynamic niches, Abstract therefore, this page has been organised by metal commodity. It is also possible to organise theories the other way, namely according to geological criteria of formation. Often ores of the same metal can be formed by multiple processes, and this is described here under each metal or metal complex.

The academy conducts scientific research on various aspects of geology and geophysics, such as the analytic and exploration techniques of mineral deposit, hydrogeology, engineering geology, environmental geology, karst geology, exploration geophysics and geochemistry. It is also active in research on paleontology, and was involved in identification of new dinosaurs, including Zhenyuanlong, Xixiasaurus, and a new type of Tyrannosaur Qianzhousaurus. as well as other animals such as Castorocauda and Rugosodon.

The raw dataset that are used for industrial mineral deposit modeling can be classified into two major types: borehole and non-borehole data. The management of borehole data is very different from non-borehole data. Specifically, borehole data requires a relational database management system (e.g. Access, FileMaker, SQL, Oracle,) whereas non-borehole data (with the exception of land ownership) can be handled with simple “flat” file managers (e.g.

75 Câmpeni – Turda in Mușca village, Lupșa commune. The Roșia Poieni deposit was developed between the 1950s and 1970s within the Abrud-Musca- Bucium area (the Golden Quadrilateral) from Apuseni Mountains of the Metaliferi Mountains. The mine produces around 11,000 tonnes of copper a year and the mineral deposit represents 65% of the total copper reserves in Romania. The mine is owned by CupruMin a state owned company.

Kinley's chief accuses the officer of developing romantic feelings for her, and instructs him to stop investigating. Kinley ignores that command, of course. He discovers that the missing abbess' nunnery is sitting on a valuable mineral deposit, and questions Norbu, the geologist who made the discovery, but he has a rock-solid alibi. Kinley runs into Choden on the street, and discovers that the abbess is still alive, in hiding.

A prey species habitat location can influence osteoderm presence as well. For example, if the habitat decreases their ability to hide in their surroundings, they need to move at increased speeds which occurs at the expense of the body armor. The habitat also influences food availability. The food the species eats can affect mineral deposit and re-uptake levels and that would influence the amount of osteoderm present.

All different animal species are found roaming in its wilderness. It has the largest animal migration in Upper Nile State. The animal migration usually occurs specially in the months of November throughout February. Longecchuk County has huge mineral deposit in areas such as Pamac, Dajoh, Mayethe and Pacime respectively. Politically, Longechuk County was governed by the following commissioners according to the order of the time and sequence : 1\. Hon.

A view of the city from nearby Baiyun Mountain Park Timber, waterpower, mineral deposit and wilderness are four major natural resources of Lishui prefecture that rank first in Zhejiang province. 69% of the prefecture is covered with forest, which gives it the name "Foliage Ocean of Zhejiang". The prefecture boasts potential waterpower of about 2 gigawatts. So far, 57 mineral reserves are proved to scatter the prefecture and 460 mines are available for exploitation.

Marble is the most significant mineral deposit of Romblon and is the most renowned product of the province. Based on statistics, Romblon is the second biggest provincial marble producer of the country next to Bulacan. Romblon marble is of very high quality and comes in shades of white, green, pink, red and black. The Mines and Geosciences Bureau has estimated that Romblon is endowed with about 150 million metric tons of marble.

Bob, a young rancher, buys a mine on his leased land to prevent the working of it. However, surveys show a valuable mineral deposit, so he and Carol, the granddaughter of the discoverer of the mine, who has been forced to sell it to a crook, start operations on it. Fawcett, the crook, schemes to get the mine back, but is outwitted at every turn and loses his life in the dynamiting which he inspired.

As such, the waters are considered to have healing properties by local residents, and the springs are used to treat skin conditions and rheumatism. The sulfuric waters of Pancuran Tujuh pour down the slope, and over the centuries have left a mineral deposit. Waters from Pancuran Tujuh also pool in nearby caves. These include Sarabadak, where Mbah Atas Angin and his followers are held to have lived, as well as Kembar, Selirang, and Sri Warna.

Scotts Run is part of the Fairmont Coal Field, which is on the Pittsburgh coal seam. The large Pittsburgh seam was known as "the most valuable mineral deposit in the world". From the years of 1917 and 1932, between World War I and the Great Depression, the Scotts Run area faced rapid industrialization and intense development of the bituminous coal industry. Despite geographic limitations, the area's development was one of the fastest in the nation.

In R.V. Kirkham, W.D. Sinclair, R.I. Thorpe, and J.M. Duke, Eds., Mineral deposit modelling, in press. Geological Association of Canada, Ottawa. The dense caliche amarillo containing carlosruizite consists chiefly of a fine-grained mixture of nitratine, halite, and darapskite. The residues of leaching this material in cold water contain dietzeite [Ca2(IO3)2(CrO4)] briiggenire [Ca(IO3)2·H2O], tarapacaite (K2CrO4), lopezite (K2Cr2O7), ulexite [NaCaB506(OH)6·5H2O], probertite [NaCaB5O7(OH)4·3H2O], and gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O).

Ba'kelalan salt springs were discovered more than a hundred years ago when hunters noticed that animals like to drink water there. The villagers then began using the salt water for cooking and learn how to make salt from it. There are two main sources of salt in Ba'kelalan: salt lick (mineral deposit of salt) and salt spring (salt water). Salt springs at Ba'kelalan can be found at three areas: Buduk Bui, Pa Komap and Punang Kelalan.

Rutile is widely used as a welding electrode covering. It is also used as a part of the ZTR index, which classifies highly weathered sediments. Rutile, as a large band-gap semiconductor, has in recent decades been the subject of significant research towards applications as a functional oxide for applications in photocatalysis and dilute magnetism. Magnetism in titanium dioxide polymorphs J. Applied Physics Research efforts typically utilize small quantities of synthetic rutile rather than mineral-deposit derived materials.

A second community in the mining area is that of small scale and artisanal miners. As of 2007, eight thousand small scale miners had started activity in the area and worked without official permits. Although some of these miners are Subanon, many of them are not and only arrived in the area since the 1990s when the mineral deposit was discovered. Canatuan became the haven for migrant small-scale miners who armed themselves to maintain control over their interests.

Examples of the artifacts are on display in the cave and include arrow and spearheads, tobacco pipes, tomahawks, punches, banner stones, a bone flute, and pottery shards. They also include a rare effigy of the Algonkian guardian spirit, Mesingw. One room, the "Grotto of the Wah-Wah-Taysee", features a phosphorescent mineral deposit in the ceiling and walls. It was originally thought to be radium, but has since been identified as zinc sulfide reacting with calcite in the limestone.

View of Southbridge c. 1905 The area was initially inhabited by the Nipmuck and Mohegan tribes, with the Quinebaug River dividing their territories. As early as 1638, John Winthrop, Jr. purchased Tantiusques a tract for mining lead centered at what is now Leadmine Road in Sturbridge (it was thought at the time that where there was lead, there should be silver nearby). In fact the mineral deposit was graphite which the Winthrops commercialized employing Nipmuck miners.

Misty Fjords National Monument (or Misty Fiords National Monument) is a national monument and wilderness area administered by the U.S. Forest Service as part of the Tongass National Forest. Misty Fiords is about east of Ketchikan, Alaska, along the Inside Passage coast in extreme southeastern Alaska, comprising of Tongass National Forest in Alaska's Panhandle. All but are designated as wilderness. Congress reserved the remainder for the Quartz Hill molybdenum deposit, possibly the largest such mineral deposit in the world.

553-587 ; the Questa deposit in northern New Mexico; and Endako in British Columbia. The US Geological Survey has classed the Chorolque and Catavi tin deposits in Bolivia as porphyry tin deposits.Bruce L. Reed (1986) Descriptive model of porphyry Sn, in Mineral Deposit Models, US Geological Survey Bulletin 1693, p.108. Some porphyry copper deposits in oceanic crust environments, such as those in the Philippines, Indonesia, and Papua New Guinea, are sufficiently rich in gold that they are called copper-gold porphyry deposits.

These include La Colorado mine, San José de Pima on the Mátape River, Tecoripa, San Javier which is surrounded by various hills, Tónichi, Ónavas, Tepoca, San Nicolás and the Mesa de Campanero forest. Sonora has one Pueblo Mágico, which is Álamos, which was called Ostimuri by the native population. This town was founded in 1683, when a mineral deposit by the name of La Europea was discovered. The silver found here made it one of the richest towns in the region.

The BMC land area is the grave yards of both the Iapetus and Rheic ocean basins which were subducted under the thicker continental crust and down into the mantle. The region is mainly known for VHMS and SEDEX environments while it also hosts epithermal, mesothermal and a number of other mineral deposit forming environments. VHMS and SEDEX environments are the primary mineral hosting dynamics producing base and precious metals. Gold and silver are generally low grade associated with zinc and lead rich areas.

Other features of Meridiani Planum include volcanic basalt and impact craters. Prior to the Opportunity Rover landing, orbital imagery showed possible sedimentary layers dominated by basaltic sands. Orbital thermal infrared spectroscopy mapped crystalline hematite, interpreted to be an aqueous mineral deposit, in addition to sulfates. Meridiani Planum was chosen as the landing site for the spacecraft landings of MER-B in 2004 and the ExoMars EDM, the flat terrain, low-elevation, and relative lack of rocks and craters making it a favored location.

Depletion is the using up of natural resources by mining, quarrying, drilling, or felling. According to the IRS Newswire,IRS Issues Guidance on Recoverable Reserves over 50 percent of oil and gas extraction businesses use cost depletion to figure their depletion deduction. Mineral property includes oil and gas wells, mines, and other natural resource deposits (including geothermal deposits). For that purpose, property is each separate interest businesses own in each mineral deposit in each separate tract or parcel of land.

The resources are in undiscovered mineral deposits whose existence is postulated based on indirect geologic evidence. The mineral deposits are believed to exist within a specified distance from the surface of the ground, or an incompletely explored mineral occurrence or prospect that could have sufficient size and grade to be classed a deposit. A mineral concentration of sufficient size and grade richness that it might, under the most favorable of circumstances, be considered to have potential for economic development is a mineral deposit (Ore).

A descriptive mineral deposit model is set of data in a convenient form that describes a group of mineral deposits having similar characteristics. The model identifies the geologic environments in which the deposit type could be found and gives identifying characteristics of the type. A grade and tonnage model consists of the frequency distributions and relationships of the grades and sizes of completely explored individual mineral deposits of a given type. These models document how commonly different grades and tonnages occur by deposit type.

They have been observed standing on their hind legs to feed on leaves over high. Salt is also an important part of their diets, and groups may stay at a mineral deposit for several days. They overlap in range with multiple potential natural predators including the Asiatic black bear and the leopard, and (more seldomly) tigers, Himalayan wolves, snow leopards, and dholes. Anecdotally, both bears and wolves have been reported to prey on takin when they can, which is likely given the opportunistic nature of those predators.

A mining claim is the claim of the right to extract minerals from a tract of public land. In the United States, the practice began with the California gold rush of 1849. In the absence of effective government, the miners in each new mining camp made up their own rules, and chose to essentially adopt Mexican mining law then in effect in California. The Mexican law gave the right to mine to the first one to discover the mineral deposit and begin mining it.

Tours take approximately one hour and lead to the floor of the cave, by way of 150 steps going down and 115 steps coming up. There are numerous formations to be viewed up close, including "cave bacon", "curtain", stalagmites, and stalactites. The vertical nature of the cave allows the growth of a formation called "The Cathedral", which is a flowstone and drapery mineral deposit that is approximately 90' tall, and 50' in diameter. The temperature in the cave remains an average 63 degrees throughout the year.

A key to the development of modern resource assessments was recognition that differences in locations, amounts, and qualities can be captured by knowing about different kinds of mineral deposits that contain the resources of interest. The large uncertainties inherent in estimating amounts of undiscovered non-renewable resources in an area of interest are significantly reduced by knowing if a deposit type (Mineral resource classification) could occur. Different kinds of mineral deposits occur in different geologic settings. The linkage between deposit types and geology is provided by mineral deposit models.3.

Wall rock is the rock that constitutes the wall of an area undergoing geologic activity. Examples are the rock along the neck of a volcano, on the edge of a pluton that is being emplaced, along a fault plane, enclosing a mineral deposit, or where a vein or dike is being emplaced. In volcanoes, wall rock can often become broken off the wall and incorporated into the erupted volcanic rock as xenoliths. These xenoliths are important to geologists because they can come from rock units that are otherwise not exposed at the Earth's surface.

The Prospector by N. C. Wyeth, 1906 Mineral exploration is the process of finding ores (commercially viable concentrations of minerals) to mine. Mineral exploration is a much more intensive, organized, involved, and professional process than mineral prospecting, though it does frequently use the services of prospecting. The first stage of mining consists of the processes of finding and exploring a mineral deposit. In the following first stage of mineral exploration, geologists and surveyors play a prominent role in the necessary pre-feasibility study of the possible mining operation.

Angat's mountainous and hilly area has abundance of trees that are source of timber and wood materials, and unfortunately become an area of illegal logging. The mountainous areas, and lands close to the river shore, some of which are privately owned is rich in mineral deposit of silica. The vast area around Angat River is very high source of rocks and pebbles used for construction and garden landscaping. Most areas have a very relaxing atmosphere of greenery seen in mountain heights and river shore lines where some fresh water fishes also multiplies.

The fort is now operated by the Huerfano Historical Society. A post office called La Veta has been in operation since 1876. The community was named for a mineral deposit near the original town site, La Veta meaning "mineral vein" in Spanish. On the morning of 8 November 1913, William Gambling, a miner who had refused to join the 1913-1914 United Mine Workers of America strike against the Colorado Fuel and Iron company, was intercepted and accosted by pro-strikers as he was traveling to the dentist in La Veta.

The Sirhowy tramroadThe area of the valleys of south-east Wales had long been notable for the rich mineral resources, especially coal and iron ore, and also limestone. Much of the useful mineral deposit was in the upper valleys, and ironworks developed there. Transport of the manufactured iron, and of the raw materials, was difficult, requiring pack animals to reach Newport for shipping. At the end of the eighteenth century, determined efforts were made to improve the situation, culminating in the authorisation in 1792 of the Monmouthshire Canal Navigation Company.

Band-e Amir National Park () a national park located in the Bamyan Province of central Afghanistan. It is a series of six deep blue lakes separated by natural dams made of travertine, a mineral deposit. The lakes are situated in the Hindu Kush mountains at approximately 3000 m of elevation, west of the famous Buddhas of Bamiyan. They were created by the carbon dioxide rich water oozing out of the faults and fractures to deposit calcium carbonate precipitate in the form of travertine walls that today store the water of these lakes.

Mantrip used for transporting miners within an underground mine Sub-surface mining consists of digging tunnels or shafts into the earth to reach buried ore deposits. Ore, for processing, and waste rock, for disposal, are brought to the surface through the tunnels and shafts. Sub-surface mining can be classified by the type of access shafts used, and the extraction method or the technique used to reach the mineral deposit. Drift mining utilizes horizontal access tunnels, slope mining uses diagonally sloping access shafts, and shaft mining utilizes vertical access shafts.

Decrepitation is one of the most accurate ways to calculate a mineral-deposit scale so that the analysis of the hydrothermal system is advanced and improved. Fluid inclusions are important in regards to decrepitation because they are the microscopic areas of gas and liquid within crystals that are decrepitated, or broken, with the application of heat. When decrepitating the crystal or salt, the liquid pressure is released which can result in a crack. However, in some cases the fluid inclusions are not fully decrepitated, in which case other methods must be used.

In 1897, it was reported that miners were engaged in opening up a mineral show in the hills about 5 miles (8 km) east of Riverton, resulting in what appeared to be a permanent lode of copper and silver lead. Samples were sent for assaying and the results were promising, silver and lead definitely being present. However no developments took place, which indicates that the lode could not have been as extensive as appeared at first. Even by 1965, fossickers still gleaned a little from this mineral deposit.

Angangueo () is a town and municipality located in far eastern Michoacán state in central Mexico noted for its history of mining and its location in the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve. It is located in high rugged forested mountains, with the town in a small canyon. The town was officially founded shortly after a large mineral deposit was discovered in the area in the very late 18th century. The mines gave out in the 20th century, but promotion of the area due to its proximity to two butterfly sanctuaries has brought in some tourism.

Paris' next important mineral deposit came with the Bartonian age. After a period of land-sea alternation that brought layers of sand and low- quality calcaire grossier, the sea regressed again to return only occasionally to refill lagoons with seawater. The result was stagnating pools of evaporating seawater; the salts of these, mixed with other organic matter and mineral deposits, crystallised into the calcium sulphate composition that is gypsum. This evaporation cycle occurred several times during this age, creating several layers of gypsum divided by layers of mineral left by the sea's brief return.

The outcrops can be seen in Mõniste parish on the bank outcrops of Peetri River and on a small bench north of Meremäe village. The rock outcrops from the same formation are situated in Meremäe rural municipality, in the old limestone quarry of Tiirhanna and Marinova dolostone quarry. According to the geological studies of Marinova mineral deposit, the upper half of the roughly ten metre thick dolostone deposit of Pskov formation is heavily crushed and karstified. The dolostone bed mined in the quarry is up to ten metres thick, half of which is above groundwater level, half of it below.

Shinkolobwe is the name of a nearby village, long since gone, and the name of an indigenous thorny fruit. It is also slang for "a man who is easygoing on the surface but who becomes angry when provoked". The mineral deposit was discovered in 1915 by English geologist Robert Rich Sharp (1881–1958). Robert Rich Sharp, En prospection au Katanga il y a cinquante ans, Elisabethville, 1956.Hogarth, Donald, Robert Rich Sharp (1881–1958): prospector, engineer, and discoverer of the Shinkolobwe, Katanga, (Congo) radium-uranium ore-body, Society for the History of Discoveries The mine was worked from 1921 onwards.

There are many prospectors who claim to have discovered the mine. However, in this case, the officially recognised claimants do not deny that Jean-Paul Turcaud, after having spent a considerable amount of time searching Australia's Great Sandy Desert, was the first prospector to find the mineral deposit that eventually became the Telfer Mine. Turcaud claims he found the Telfer deposit two years before Newmont did and fought Newmont in legal battles throughout the 1970s without an outcome. Eventually, Turcaud left Australia, exhausted from the emotional and financial strain, while the Telfer Mine was opened by Newmont in 1977.

BedRoc Limited, 541 U.S. at 177. Furthermore, the Pittman Underground Water Act stated the disposal had to happen "in accordance with the provisions of the coal and mineral land laws in force at the time of such disposal". The Court said Congress was referring to the General Mining Act of 1872, that stated "all valuable mineral deposits in lands belonging to the United States" were "free and open to exploration and purchase". The majority said it was undeniable that "common sand and gravel could not constitute a locatable "valuable mineral deposit" under the General Mining Act".

A vent site in the Cayman Trough named Beebe, which is the world's deepest known hydrothermal site at ~ below sea level, has shown sustained supercritical venting at and 2.3 wt% NaCl. Although supercritical conditions have been observed at several sites, it is not yet known what significance, if any, supercritical venting has in terms of hydrothermal circulation, mineral deposit formation, geochemical fluxes or biological activity. The initial stages of a vent chimney begin with the deposition of the mineral anhydrite. Sulfides of copper, iron, and zinc then precipitate in the chimney gaps, making it less porous over the course of time.

No matter the means they used to access the underground mineral, miners had to provide a means of maintaining the enormous weight of the ceiling over their horizontally-burrowed excavations. The earliest means to this end, in a technique called piliers tournés, became common from the late 10th century. A tunnel would be dug horizontally along the deposit, tunnels perpendicular to the first were opened along the way, and tunnels parallel to the initial tunnel would be opened through these. The result was a grid of columns of untouched mineral deposit, or piliers tournés, that prevented a mine's collapse.

In the event that a citizen had discovered a new mineral deposit, it would have been his right to be able to derive profits from its exploitation. To enjoy this right, it was mandatory to report the deposit with a particular cross- shaped sign, to be placed where the excavations would begin (within a maximum of three days). Although the Mining Code recognized anyone the right to open a mine (at a minimum distance of 20 meters from the pre-existing ones), it obliged the discoverer not to suspend the works for more than a month and three days, under penalty of losing all rights on the deposit discovered.

Vertical ionic migration: mechanisms, soil anomalies, and sampling depth for mineral exploration. Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis, 5(3), 201-210.. Common tools include satellite and airborne photographs or airborne geophysics, including magnetometric and gamma-spectrometric maps Pires, A. C. B., Carmelo, A. C., & Martins-Ferreira, M. A. C. (2019). Statistical enhancement of airborne gamma-ray uranium anomalies: Minimizing the lithological background contribution in mineral exploration. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 198, 100-113.. Unless the mineral exploration is done on public property, the owners of the property may play a significant role in the exploration process, and might be the original discoverer of the mineral deposit.

Ciutat de les Arts i les Ciències, Valencia Skyline of Benidorm Valencia is long and narrow, running mainly north-south; historically, its rather steep and irregular terrain has made communications and the exploitation of the soil difficult, although the soil of the coastal plain is particularly fertile. This coastal axis has facilitated connections with Europe, either by sea through the Mediterranean, or by land through Catalonia. The Valencian territory has few natural resources; the only important mineral deposit is the marble quarried in Alicante province. Hydrological resources (see Geography above) are also lacking: the demand for water exceeds the supply, with this imbalance especially serious in Alicante province.

Dioptase is an uncommon mineral found mostly in desert regions where it forms as a secondary mineral in the oxidized zone of copper sulfide mineral deposits. However, the process of its formation is not simple, the oxidation of copper sulfides should be insufficient to crystallize dioptase as silica is normally minutely soluble in water except at highly alkaline pH. The oxidation of sulfides will generate highly acidic fluids rich in sulfuric acid that should suppress silica solubility. However, in dry climates and with enough time, especially in areas of a mineral deposit where acids are buffered by carbonate, minute quantities of silica may react with dissolved copper forming dioptase and chrysocolla.

Such reactors can no longer form on Earth in its present geologic period. Radioactive decay of formerly more abundant uranium-235 over the time span of hundreds of millions of years has reduced the proportion of this naturally occurring fissile isotope to below the amount required to sustain a chain reaction with only plain water as a moderator. The natural nuclear reactors formed when a uranium-rich mineral deposit became inundated with groundwater that acted as a neutron moderator, and a strong chain reaction took place. The water moderator would boil away as the reaction increased, slowing it back down again and preventing a meltdown.

President Ryan deals with North Korean dictator Choi Ji- hoon, who attempts to start production at a rare earth mineral deposit found in their territory and then use the resulting billions of dollars in profit to purchase nuclear weapons technology. Choi decides to order the assassination of the American leader (with the aid of a Mexican drug cartel and an Arab bomb maker) in order to stop his persistent interference. During a state visit to Mexico City, Ryan barely survives the attempt on his life. The Campus later uncovers Choi's involvement in the incident, which leads to the dictator being deposed from power and later executed.

The counter claim by Newmont Mining, the project was later spun off into Newcrest Mining, was that discovery of a mineral deposit does not, in and of itself, constitute recognition of that discovery. They argue that discovery of a prospect usually goes to those who (1) physically peg the area and (2) correctly identify the mineable minerals in the deposit. Jean-Paul Turcaud, for various reasons and in contradiction to the Mining Act, failed to do either of these. Whilst there is little argument that Turcaud was prospecting in the area and that he did find and identify mineralised gossans, he failed to identify the project as being prospective for gold.

Martin Heidegger, The Question Concerning Technology and Other > Essays (New York: Harper, 1977), p. 20. Furthermore, Heidegger uses the word in a way that is uncommon by giving Gestell an active role. In ordinary usage the word would signify simply a display apparatus of some sort, like a book rack, or picture frame; but for Heidegger, Gestell is literally a challenging forth, or performative "gathering together", for the purpose of revealing or presentation. If applied to science and modern technology, "standing reserve" is active in the case of a river once it generates electricity or the earth if revealed as a coal- mining district or the soil as a mineral deposit.

The Canatuan mine is based on a copper/zinc massive sulphide mineral deposit located in Zamboanga del Norte province on the island of Mindanao in the Philippines. The area is situated approximately 27 kilometres east of the town of Siocon on the Zamboanga Peninsula. TVIRD holds a Mineral Production Sharing Agreement (MPSA) with the Philippine government, effective October 23, 1996 and covering an area of 508 hectares within Canatuan. Canatuan is part of the claimed ancestral domain of one of the many sub-tribes of the Subanon tribe known to populate the Zamboanga Peninsula and Misamis provinces. The ancestral domain of Apu Manglang sub- tribe of the Siocon Subanon indigenous people (IP) covers 8,213.50 hectares.

Diagram of zonation in a porphyry copper deposit The term porphyry is also used for a mineral deposit called a "copper porphyry". The different stages of cooling that create porphyritic textures in intrusive and hypabyssal porphyritic rocks also lead to a separation of dissolved metals into distinct zones. This process, which occurs primarily when fluids are driven off the cooling magma, is one of the main reasons for the existence in the world of rich, localized metal ore deposits such as those of gold, copper, molybdenum, lead, tin, zinc, rhenium and tungsten. This enrichment occurs in the porphyry itself, or in other related igneous rocks or surrounding country rocks, especially carbonate rock (in a process similar to skarns).

This includes mine planning to evaluate the economically recoverable portion of the deposit, the metallurgy and ore recoverability, marketability and payability of the ore concentrates, engineering concerns, milling and infrastructure costs, finance and equity requirements, and an analysis of the proposed mine from the initial excavation all the way through to reclamation. The proportion of a deposit that is economically recoverable is dependent on the enrichment factor of the ore in the area. To gain access to the mineral deposit within an area it is often necessary to mine through or remove waste material which is not of immediate interest to the miner. The total movement of ore and waste constitutes the mining process.

Coal strip mine in Wyoming Surface mining, including strip mining, open-pit mining and mountaintop removal mining, is a broad category of mining in which soil and rock overlying the mineral deposit (the overburden) are removed, in contrast to underground mining, in which the overlying rock is left in place, and the mineral is removed through shafts or tunnels. Surface mining began in the mid-16th century and is practiced throughout the world, although the majority of surface coal mining occurs in North America. It gained popularity throughout the 20th century, and surface mines now produce most of the coal mined in the United States.Coal production by state and mine type 2013-2014, US Energy Information Administration, accessed 4 July 2016.

The size and position of a heavy mineral deposit is a function of the wave energy reaching the beach, the mean grainsize of the beach sediments, and the current height of the ocean. Anecdotal reports of certain beach placers forming in modern times suggest that the greatest enrichment tended to occur in storm events energetic enough to remove most of the beach's sediment load—a process favoring the lighter minerals. The resultant 'clinker' sands left behind were mined during low tide following major storm events, suggesting that most beach placer deposits are formed during such cycles. Fossilised dune systems often are exploited for heavy mineral sands because they are from the ocean and because they are often remnants of previous intraglacial highstands.

John Mullan, officially opened the railway line on 6 April 1929 Smelter interior, 1932 Township, 1932 Main street, ~1936 The land around the present day city of Mount Isa was home to the Kalkadoon aboriginal tribe. The Kalkadoon tribe led a subsistence lifestyle on this land that the white settlers looked at as nothing but poor grazing land, with the odd mineral deposit. As settlers and prospectors pressed further into their lands the Kalkadoon tribe members set out on one of Australia's most successful guerrilla wars in a fight for their lands. Their success continued until at Battle Mountain in 1884, with what some historians have called a rush of blood, the tribe attacked a fortified position in large numbers and suffered terrible losses.

Taken from "The Ghost Towns Journal"The Ghost Towns Journal (Book) There are many basic causes behind the creation of ghost towns in the Canadian West. Some of these are the failure of a mineral deposit to retain its worth, causing the town that grew up around it to die; falling world markets which in turn speeds the move from town to city; and natural disasters which wipe out, or make untenable, a community. However, the ghost town of Pakowki is one of those unique places which owes its deserted look primarily to miscalculations on the part of its creators. The Stirling-Weyburn branch of the Canadian Pacific Railway reached the site of Pakowki in 1915, and almost overnight a substantial town sprang into being.

According to a serve conducted by International Nuclear Information System where Fission Track Technique has been applied for the estimation of uranium in 30 drinking water sources of Tehsil Takht-e-Nasrati ,Shnawa Gudi khill and District Karak, Kpk, Pakistan. These samples have mean, minimum and maximum concentration of uranium of 13.45 +- 3.207, 1.07 +- 0.6, 84.23 +- 15.63 micro g l/sup -1/, respectively. The significant finding was the observation of very high level of uranium in drinking water sources obtained from uranium rich bedrocks than the safe limit of WHO (15 micro g l/sup -1/) for human consumption. On the basis of this study, it was concluded that the origin of uranium is potentially due to one of the Asia richest mineral deposit of uranium in Karak, Pakistan.

Cartoon cross-section showing manto ore deposits (USGS)Plumlee, Geoffrey S., Maria Montour, Cliff D. Taylor, Alan R. Wallace, and Douglas P. Klein, Polymetallic vein and replacement deposits, 1995, US Geological Survey, Open- File Report OFR-95-0831, Chapter 14. A polymetallic replacement deposit, also known as carbonate replacement deposit or high-temperature carbonate-hosted Ag-Pb-Zn deposit,Megaw, P.K.M., Ruiz, J., and Titley, S.R., 1988, High- Temperature, Carbonate-Hosted Ag-Pb-Zn(Cu) Deposits of Northern Mexico: Economic Geology, v. 83, pp.1856-1885 is an orebody of metallic minerals formed by the replacement of sedimentary, usually carbonate rock, by metal- bearing solutions in the vicinity of igneous intrusions.Hal T. Morris, 1986, "Polymetallic replacement deposits," in Dennis P. Cox and Donald A. Singer, Mineral Deposit Models, US Geological Survey, Bulletin 1693, p.99-100.

As of 2011, roughly 200,000 ha are clearcut each year; herbicides for hardwood suppression are applied to a third of the total. There has been controversy over the Ring of Fire mineral deposit, and whether the province can afford to spend CAD$2.25 billion on a road from the Trans-Canada Highway near Kenora to the deposit, currently valued at CAD$60 billion. An abundance of natural resources, excellent transportation links to the North American heartland and the inland Great Lakes making ocean access possible via container ships, have all contributed to making manufacturing the principal industry of the province, found mainly in the Golden Horseshoe region, which is the largest industrialized area in Canada, the southern end of the region being part of the North American Rust Belt. Important products include motor vehicles, iron, steel, food, electrical appliances, machinery, chemicals, and paper.

Silver ore was first discovered in west-central Arizona in 1583 by Spanish explorer Antonio de Espejo, but no mining resulted. Again in 1598, Juan de Oñate led another expedition searching for Espejo’s silver; many claims were staked, but the expeditioners returned to Santa Fe without mining any silver, and the deposits remained unexploited. Espejo’s silver discovery is thought to be at the site of present-day Jerome, which later became a major copper-mining district.Richard T. Moore and George H. Roseveare (1969) Silver, in Mineral and Water Resources of Arizona, Arizona Bureau of Mines, Bulletin 180, p. 254-255. Father Eusebio Kino, in charge of the Spanish missions in southern Arizona from 1687 to 1711, noted a number of “minas” in the mountains bordering the Santa Cruz valley (present Santa Cruz County, Arizona), but the Spanish word “mina” can mean either a mine or an unexploited mineral deposit.

Once the mineral identification and reserve amount are reasonably determined, the next step is to determine the feasibility of recovering the mineral deposit. A preliminary study shortly after the discovery of the deposit examines the market conditions such as the supply and demand of the mineral, the amount of ore needed to be moved to recover a certain quantity of that mineral as well as analysis of the cost associated with the operation. This pre-feasibility study determines whether the mining project is likely to be profitable; if it is then a more in-depth analysis of the deposit is undertaken. After the full extent of the ore body is known and has been examined by engineers, the feasibility study examines the cost of initial capital investment, methods of extraction, the cost of operation, an estimated length of time to payback, the gross revenue and net profit margin, any possible resale price of the land, the total life of the reserve, the total value of the reserve, investment in future projects, and the property owner or owners' contract.