In 1810–11 Parliament passed an inclosure act for the remaining common land in the parish. The inclosure award was made in 1815. 69 High Street is a 15th-century cruck cottage.
|
|
They included the Humfreys, the Robinsons and the Corderoys. There were also the variety of local tradesmen. Blewbury's inclosure act was passed in 1805. Its inclosure award records details of the parish at that time.
|
|
Ridley resigned after being appointed a Copyhold, Inclosure and Tithe Commissioner.
|
|
Parliament passed a single Inclosure Act for both Overthorpe and Warkworth in 1764.
|
|
Devises (gifts by will) of land for charitable purposes were forbidden by the Charitable Uses Act of 1735.9 Geo. II. c. 36 In the next reign the first general Inclosure Act, the Inclosure (Consolidation) Act 1801, was passed.41 Geo. III. c.
|
|
Hogmoor Inclosure is a large area of wooded heath owned by the British Army. The inclosure is situated west from the town of Bordon and within the civil parish of Whitehill in the East Hampshire district of Hampshire, England. The inclosure is used for army training with various tank crossings scattered around the area. The area is historically notable for its connection with the British Army with large barracks surrounding the area.
|
|
Parliament passed the Inclosure Act for Barkham in 1813, but it was not implemented until 1821.
|
|
Some of the rioters were punished with transportation. It was not until 1852, after the death of Thomas Newton, that the Inclosure Act for Benson, Berrick Salome and Ewelme was finally passed,Act 16 Vic. c 3 and the Inclosure Commissioners then took another 11 years to make their Award.
|
|
The inclosure of Clayton's part of the common was completed in 1857, and the town's growth accelerated. From the early 1840s, Church of England worship was held in the school in London Road. When inclosure was completed in 1857, its inclosure act provided for of land to be reserved to build a church. This had been suggested in 1854, when a local newspaper noted that between them the schoolroom, Keymer parish church and Clayton parish church could not cope with the number of worshippers.
|
|
Vice-Consul Devey to Colonel Chermside, pp. 4–7; ibid., Inclosure 3 in no. 4. M. Patiguian to M. Koulaksizian, pp.
|
|
The inclosure was first scouted in 1896 by the Highland Light Infantry with camps being built in the area in 1903.
|
|
Vice-Consul Devey to Colonel Chermside, pp. 4–7; ibid., Inclosure 3 in no. 4. M. Patiguian to M. Koulaksizian, pp.
|
|
An open field system prevailed in the parish until the Georgian era. The first Inclosure Bill for the parish was moved in Parliament in 1792 but the Earl of Macclesfield opposed it and it was defeated. A second Lewknor and Postcombe Bill was passed as an Inclosure Act in 1810 and was put into effect in 1815.
|
|
This must have affected nearly half the households in Berrick Salome, but Moreau found no impression that the change had disrupted village life. And the Inclosure Award did provide two great benefits to the villagers. The first was the allotment of 3 acres, 2 roods and 25 poles (about 1.5 hectares) "unto the Churchwardens and Overseers of the Poor" of Berrick Salome "to be held by them and their successors in trust as a place for exercise and recreation for the inhabitants."Inclosure Commissioners, Berrick Salome Inclosure Award, 1863 In Moreau's day the annual cricket match was still held on this field.
|
|
The imperial clouds wavering over Somali alarmed the Dervish leaders Mohammed Abdullah Hassan and Sultan Nur Ahmed Aman, who gathered Somali soldiers from across the Horn of Africa and began one of the longest anti-colonial wars ever.Foreign Department-External-B, August 1899, N. 33-234, NAI, New Delhi, Inclosure 2 in No. 1. And inclosure 3 in No. 1.
|
|
Traces of Neolithic, Bronze Age and Roman settlements have been found in the parish. An open field system of farming prevailed in the parish until the 18th century. Parliament passed an Inclosure Act for the parish in 1769 and the parish was surveyed for its inclosure awards in 1770. There is a row of 19th-century almshouses on the former main road through the village.
|
|
An open field system of farming prevailed in the parish until 1730. Evidence suggests that it may have begun with two fields, but by the latter part of the 17th century it had been reorganised as a more efficient three-field system. The fields were Middle Field, Sandfield and West Field. Mixbury's inclosure act was passed in 1729 and the inclosure award was made the next year.
|
|
On 24 July 1833 the Inclosure & Drainage Act was passed, which enabled the improvement of the drainage of Everton in 1860, which by this time was grossly inadequate.
|
|
Axborough lies within an area that was common land until Parliamentary inclosure in the late 18th century. A few houses exist along Axborough lane, but it is largely uninhabited.
|
|
Although Blackthorn was a hamlet of Ambrosden it had a separate open field system. The Rector of Ashridge was allowed to inclose of pasture at Blackthorn in 1299, but the open fields and remaining common lands survived until in 1774 the 36 yardlanders of Blackthorn petitioned for an Inclosure Act. Three yardlanders and the lady of the manor, Barbara Smythe, opposed inclosure. The petitioners were successful and the parish lands were enclosed in 1776.
|
|
By the 1880s 64 percent of Crowell's land had been enclosed: . In 1844 Crowell's remaining open fields were called Great Lob, Little Lob, Great Berrylands and Little Berrylands. Crowell's inclosure act was not passed until the 1880s and the award was made in 1882, making it the last inclosure act for Oxfordshire. This may be because so little land remained to be enclosed: a total of only of arable land and meadow.
|
|
In 1810 1,025 acres of common land were enclosed as a result of the Inclosure Acts. The village was once a junction on local branches of the Great Western Railway, now dismantled.
|
|
The architect was John Brown. The workhouse closed down at the outbreak of the First World War. In 1859, Docking Common was enclosed and privatised by an Inclosure Act of Parliament of 1845.
|
|
M. Patiguian to M. Koulaksizian, pp. 7–9; ibid., Inclosure 4 in no. The Bashkaleh Resistance was on the Persian border, which the Armenakans were in communication with Armenians in the Persian Empire.
|
|
The village has several schools: Cowplain Community School, Padnell Infant and Junior Schools, and Queen's Inclosure Primary School adjacent to the Queen's Inclosure woods. The local church is St Wilfrid's, although there are a number of others in the area including Cowplain Evangelical Church. Cowplain has a supermarket and a number of places to eat, including The Spotted Cow (which took its name) but in the 1930s the original Spotted cow was demolished and rebuilt . The local golf course is Waterloovile Golf Course.
|
|
Little Thetford resisted the Parliamentary Inclosure Acts of William IV for seven years, which may have led to the strong Baptist following amongst the poor of the village. About half of Little Thetford was eventually enclosed under the Parliamentary Inclosure Thetford Act of Victoria. The river flooding, which affected 30 counties in England during March 1947, caused the Great Ouse to break its banks at Little Thetford. Heavy rain following a very severe winter overwhelmed multiple rivers throughout England and eastern Wales.
|
|
A monstraverunt, before any distress or vexation. 4. An audita querela, before any execution sued. 5. A curia claudenda before any default of inclosure. 6. A ne injustice vexes, before any distress or molestation.
|
|
Overthorpe used to be part of the parish of Middleton Cheney, but its land tenure was linked with that of Warkworth. Parliament passed a single Inclosure Act for both Overthorpe and Warkworth in 1764.
|
|
Possibly in use by 1335 and so named in 1437, it was designated for that purpose at inclosure. Cow Lane then joined a back lane to the south named by 1500 Pierce lane. Of c.
|
|
He was the principal agitator rallying the followers of the Kob Fardod Tariqa behind his anti-French Roman Catholic Mission campaign that would become the cause of the Dervish uprising.Foreign Department-External-B, August 1899, N. 33-234, NAI, New Delhi, Inclosure 2, No. 1 And inclosure 3, No. 1. He assisted in assembling men and arms and hosted the revolting tribesmen in his quarter at Burao in August 1899, declaring the Dervish rebellion. He fought and led the war throughout the years 1899–1904.
|
|
In the Middle Ages sheep farming was common with a system of agistment licensing the grazing of livestock as the Inclosure Acts divided up the land. The area is now used for a range of recreational purposes.
|
|
Avon Water, Pennington The Avon Water basin is a small basin draining the south-west edge of the New Forest. It rises within the southern confines of Burley and flows eastwards where it drains Holmsley Bog. The river continues its journey following the edge of Wootton Coppice Inclosure and Broadley Inclosure where it appears to have been significantly straightened before passing the perambulation boundary. From this point it flows through farmland via Sway Lakes and passes to the western side of Pennington (forming the western boundary of Pennington) before entering the Solent at Keyhaven.
|
|
The jumping course in Balve Show jumping is a relatively new equestrian sport. Until the Inclosure Acts, which came into force in England in the 18th century, there had been little need for horses to jump fences routinely, but with this act of Parliament came new challenges for those who followed fox hounds. The Inclosure Acts brought fencing and boundaries to many parts of the country as common ground was dispersed amongst separate owners. This meant that those wishing to pursue their sport now needed horses that were capable of jumping these obstacles.
|
|
The Town Close, administered by the ecclesiastical parish, containing awarded under the Inclosure Act 1761, by 1912 still produced for the poor agricultural produce worth £8 18s. a year, which was expended from time to time on its produce growers' work.
|
|
Villagers seem to have enlarged the open fields by assarting in the 13th and 14th centuries, and by the early 17th century their combined area was . Parliament passed an inclosure act for Hailey in 1821, which was implemented in 1822–24.
|
|
Both replies; one regarding the rifle curt but relatively inoffensive and a second addressing the confusing insolent second letter are in the British record.Foreign Department-External-B, August 1899, N. 33-234, NAI,New Delhi, Inclosure 2 in No. 1.
|
|
1865 (145-I), Returns of Land and Money Payments assigned in lieu of Tithes under Inclosure Acts, p.30 The land in Syerston allotted to the vicar was part of Cuthill Field (30 acres) and the Moor allotment (11 acres).
|
|
Traces of traditional ridge and furrow ploughing survive in much of the parish, and particularly in the south. They are evidence of the open field system of farming that prevailed in the parish until 1758, when Parliament passed the Inclosure Act for Helmdon.
|
|
Before Bordon was being built as an army camp by the Royal Engineers, the whole area surrounding Whitehill and Greatham was made up of woodland which is known as present day Woolmer Forest. A Roman road led through the Hogmoor Inclosure to Longmoor and Longmoor Military Camp which connects to present day Longmoor Road. The inclosure was first being used as an army camp in 1903 and to the present day it is still being used by the British Army and the Longmoor Army Ranges. However, the camp was first used by the Somersetshire Light Infantry in 1904 in which they had returned from the Second Boer War.
|
|
St Helen's parish church is the only significant building and, as the Rev George Villiers A.M., rector from 1722 to 1748, reported to a diocesan visitation in 1738, "there is no family of note". Until the Berrick Salome Inclosure Award was made by the Inclosure Commissioners in 1863, most of the land in the village was still worked on the open field system and there were few enclosed fields. Thomas Newton, who acquired Crowmarsh Battle Farm in 1792, started the move towards enclosure in Berrick. The farm name does not commemorate a local battle; it was recorded in the Domesday Survey "as land of the church of Labatailge [Battle Abbey]".
|
|
It has since been destroyed. An open field system of farming prevailed in Thenford until the 18th century. Traces of ridge and furrow can be traced in much of the parish, and especially from the air. Parliament passed an Inclosure Act for the parish in 1766.
|
|
Bolton upon Dearne and Goldthorpe are recorded in the 1761–1767 Inclosure Awards. The Marsden family continued to hold the manor until 1815. Bolton upon Dearne became part of Doncaster Rural District under the Local Government Act 1894 until 1899, when it became a separate urban district.
|
|
He was a lecturer for the London Extension Society, as well as for University College, Bristol. In 1891 he was appointed professor at the University of Liverpool. His works on economics included Common Land and Inclosure (1912). He was made CBE in 1918 and KBE in 1921.
|
|
In 1086 there was no church at Molesworth. The inclosure of open fields took place in 1799. The ecclesiastical parish was known from the Middle Ages as Molesworth and covered an area of . In 1936 Molesworth joined with Brington and Old Weston to form a new ecclesiastical parish.
|
|
The Boven Earthworks, also known as the Boven Enclosure, the Mosquito Creek Earthworks, the Falmouth Inclosure, or Missaukee III is a Native American archaeological site designated 20MA19 located near Falmouth and Lake City, Michigan along Mosquito Creek. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.
|
|
The inclosure is still represented by a slight mound and ditch, and excavations by Dr Garrood disclosed the foundations of the chapel, tiles, glazed pottery, fragments of medieval painted glass, and a coin of Gaucher de Porcein (1314–1329); while a damp depression in the ground nearby may represent the well.
|
|
Agriculture became established and with it clearance of some small plots on the sunny heathland slopes around Colehill. Over the centuries farms grew until, with the impetus of the Inclosure Acts (1750 to 1860), they were consolidated into the estates that we know of today - Kingston Lacy, Hanham and Uddens estates.
|
|
The Inclosure Acts, which use an old or formal spelling of the word now usually spelt "enclosure", cover enclosure of open fields and common land in England and Wales, creating legal property rights to land previously held in common. Between 1604 and 1914, over 5,200 individual enclosure acts were passed, affecting .
|
|
Until 1773 Sibford Gower had a single open field of 80 yardlands. In 1774 the inclosure award for Sibford Gower divided between 48 landholders. The largest award was to New College, Oxford, which had held the rectory of Swalcliffe since 1389 and over the years had extended its estates into Sibford Gower.
|
|
Thelymitra circumsepta was first formally described in 1878 by Robert Fitzgerald from a specimen he collected on Mount Tomah. The description was published in his book Australian Orchids. The specific epithet (circumsepta) is derived from the Latin words circum meaning "around", "about" or "on all sides" and septum meaning "inclosure", "barrier" or "partition".
|
|
The map attached to the Inclosure Award of 1839 showed this property, described as 'The Ham. Mill House', with a millpond behind it and two fields marked as Mill Meadow and Mill MeadInclosure Award: parcels no'd: 481-3 It is not known when it had ceased to be used as a working mill.
|
|
Historically, compulsory purchases were carried out under the Inclosure Acts and their predecessors, where enclosure was frequently a method of expropriating people from common land for the benefit of barons and landlords. In the industrial revolution, most railways were built by private companies procuring compulsory purchase rights from private Acts of Parliament,Procedures were consolidated by the Land Clauses Consolidation Act 1845 and the Inclosure Act 1845. though by the late 19th century, powers of compulsory purchase slowly became more transparent and used for general social welfare, as with the Public Health Act 1875, or the Housing of the Working Classes Act 1885.See Public Health Act 1875 ss 175–178 and Housing of the Working Classes Act 1885 s 2(2) for compulsory purchase provisions.
|
|
The new Park Row Reservoir was constructed where Park Row joins The Ropewalk. The site for Belle Vue reservoir was obtained in 1846 by compulsory purchase using the powers that the Inclosure Commissioners had obtained in 1845. Ichabod Wright was reluctant to sell, because Toad Hole Hill was one of Nottingham's finest beauty spots.
|
|
The village had a school: it too was in a converted house and has now been converted back to a private home. The village has two stone barns: one 18th-century and the other either 18th- or 17th- century. Parliament passed Turweston's Inclosure Act in 1813 and the land award was made in 1814.
|
|
In the early 1960s the digging of a soakaway in a cottage garden opposite the vicarage unearthed a small pottery bottle from the late 13th or early 14th century, and a bronze scale-pan. An open field system of farming continued in the parish until Parliament passed an Inclosure Act for Lyford in 1801.
|
|
An open field system of farming prevailed in the two parishes until an Inclosure Act, for their common lands, was implemented in 1796. The main road between Bicester and Enstone traverses the parish from east to west. It was turnpiked in 1793 but was disturnpiked in 1876 and is now classified the B4030 road.
|
|
Pensnett Chase was inclosed, under the Pensnett Chase Inclosure Act of 1784. This reserved mining rights to the lord of the manor, but included a clause to compensate people for mining subsidence, indicating the industry was well established in the area. The mining of coal and ironstone was long established, and probably goes back to medieval times.
|
|
The last mill, used as a shirt factory, closed in the early 1950s. William Wilberforce saw the poor conditions of the locals when he visited Cheddar in 1789. He inspired Hannah More in her work to improve the conditions of the Mendip miners and agricultural workers. In 1801, of common land were enclosed under the Inclosure Acts.
|
|
Maddux House, also known as Maddux's Island, Maddux's Warehouse, Inclosure, and Capt. William T. Ford House, is a historic home located at Upper Fairmount, Somerset County, Maryland. It is located on a high ridge of land overlooking the Manokin River and Back Creek. It is a two-story, six-bay, "L"-shaped frame house with steeply pitched roofs.
|
|
The Dean and Canons leased the rectory and hence the tithe income. Lesees included the Dean of Arches, William Bird from 1615 to 1624 and Sir William Acton, 1st Baronet from 1630. Lessees after the inclosure of 1814 included Lieutenant- General William Inglis in 1861–62. In 1867 the Dean and Canons' estates were vested in the Ecclesiastical Commissioners.
|
|
Uxbridge Common was reduced in size by the 1819 Inclosure of Hillingdon Parish. The enclosure of Hillingdon Parish in 1819 saw the reduction in size of Uxbridge Common, which at its largest had been in circumference. The common originally covered both sides of Park Road to the north of the town centre but now covers .Sherwood 2007, p. 71.
|
|
Cowplain is surrounded by the remnants of the ancient Forest of Bere: The Queens Inclosure, Padnell Cuts Woods, Idlewood, Hurstwood and Park Woods. The nearest town is Waterlooville and the nearest villages are Lovedean, rowlands castle , Denmead and Horndean. A Portsmouth city council housing estate Weacock farm ( built in the 1970s) lies west of Cowplain village.
|
|
Prior to 1825 the area around White Ladies Aston operated as an open field system containing medieval ridge and furrow field patterns. In 1825 the Enclosure (Inclosure) Act was passed that legally enforced the enclosing of parcels of land into fields of rectangular shapes, surrounded by hedges or fences, these can still be seen in the countryside today.
|
|
Longmoor is a scattered settlement in Hampshire, England. The boundaries of Longmoor contain Longmoor Military Camp,Longmoor Camp Track a historic army camp and training area situated in the Longmoor Inclosure. It is now by the A3 road between Greatham and Liphook. The camp of Longmoor had its own military railway from 1903 until its closure in 1969.
|
|
The Chapelry of Blacktoft had been held by the Bishop of Durham and Durham Monastery—who provided for a stipendiary (paid) priest—up to the reign of Edward VI, this afterwards being granted to a William Jobson, a Hull merchant, who became lay patron (impropriator) of Blacktoft incumbent clergy. Patronage reverted to the Dean and Chapter of Durham Cathedral during the reign of George I.Lawton, George (1842); Collectio Rerum Ecclesiasticarum de Diœcesi Eboracensi: Or Collections Relative to Churches and Chapels, Volume 2, pp.329–330. Retrieved 5 July 2014 In the late 18th century the inclosure of land at Blacktoft was enacted by act of Parliament. A further Blacktoft land inclosure act was placed before Parliament in 1830, with this act including the lands of Gilberdyke and Faxfleet.
|
|
Boys creating an allotment on a bomb site in London, 1942 Jordans UK allotment gardens near Middlesbrough, showing typical sheds and use of junk and recycled materials A 1732 engraving of Birmingham, England shows the town encircled by allotments, some of which still exist to this day. The accolade for the oldest allotment site is reserved for Great Somerford Free Gardens in the Wiltshire village of Great Somerford. These were created in 1809 following a letter to King George III from Rev Stephen Demainbray (a chaplain to the king) in which he asked the king to spare, in perpetuity, six acres from the Inclosure Acts for the benefit of the poor of his parish. Following these Inclosure Acts and the Commons Act 1876, the land available for personal cultivation by the poor was greatly diminished.
|
|
The land belonged to the Benedictine abbey at Ramsey. The Domesday Book does not mention a church at Brington, but one existed by 1178 when Pope Alexander III confirmed one to Ramsey Abbey. The inclosure of open fields took place in 1804. The ecclesiastical parish was known from the Middle Ages as Brington with Bythorn and Old Weston and covered an area of .
|
|
John Bradshaw lived in the Tudor manor house in the 17th century. He presided at Charles I's trial. Under the Inclosure Act 1800 there were enclosed (privatised from common land or manorial land subjected to agrarian rights of others) of the Walton manors, which included holdings at Chertsey and of arable common fields. A School Board was formed in 1878.
|
|
He died unmarried in 1714, leaving both manors to the Hanchett family, into which two of his sisters had married. In the inclosure of 1814 Samuel Hanchett was allotted . Brays stayed in the Hanchett family until it was sold in 1867. Robert Herbert (see Caldress or Caldrees, above) bought part of the land but sold much of it in 1873.
|
|
The dispute was still continuing in 1620, despite consistent court judgement in favour of the Dean and Canons. Eventually the tithes were commuted from payment in kind to money in lieu. In 1776 the Dean and Canons proposed reverting to payments in kind, to which the villagers objected. In the inclosure of 1814 the Dean and Canons received in lieu of tithes.
|
|
At the time of the South Moreton Inclosure Act, 1818 c.18,An Act for inclosing lands in the Parish of South Moreton in the County of Berks. 58 Geo III Cap. 18, Berkshire Record Office D/EX 1215/1 1818 the main landlord was Henry Hucks Gibbs, 1st Baron Aldenham and many of the inclosures were allotted to him.
|
|
It was recorded as Lytel-Stoke or Lulestock in the Domesday book, and rendered at one time as Little Stock or Little-stoke. Its name is said to have meant "the stoc [farm] of Lylla and his people". Lilstock was an ancient parish, part of the Williton and Freemanners Hundred. In 1811 of common land were enclosed as part of the Inclosure Acts.
|
|
123; Adjemian, op. cit., p. 7; Varandian, Dashnaktsuthian Patmuthiun, I, 30; Great Britain, Turkey No. 1 (1889), op. cit., Inclosure in no. 95. Extract from the "Eastern Express" of 25 June 1889, pp. 83–84; ibid., no. 102. Sir W. White to the Marquis of Salisbury-(Received 15 July), p. 89; Great Britain, Turkey No. 1 (1890), op. cit., no. 4.
|
|
Sale particulars published in 1818. Somerset Archives. On 4 July 1815 an Act of Parliament was passed to enable the Inclosure of Exmoor ("55 George III, Cap. 138"), the summary heading of which was: "An Act for vesting in His Majesty certain parts of the Forest of Exmoor otherwise Exmore in the counties of Somerset and Devon and for enclosing the said Forest".
|
|
During the early 18th century the amount of glebe remained fairly constant, about 50 acres; income from tithes and glebe about £250. Under the 1835 inclosure award two modest closes: Hedges Meadow and Catherine Mead to the south and east of the house were allotted to the vicar in lieu of common field land, and glebe fell to 44 a.
|
|
This was one of the areas (together with lands in the manor of Hurn, and tythings of Winkton and Hinton Admiral) for which the Act authorised inclosure. This inclosure act, along with similar acts for other parts of the country, meant that common land should be put to better agricultural use, so, the area of land that was to become Bournemouth, was divided up by three commissioners. William Clapcott, Richard Richardson, a barrister of Lincoln's Inn Fields, and John Wickens, of Mapperton in Dorset, had the responsibility of allocating which areas should be used for roads, building materials, farming, and which areas should be given as compensation to people who, although didn't actually own the land, had a claim on it by virtue of commonable rights or tithe ownership. This task took nearly three years to complete.
|
|
The Lymington River drains part of the New Forest in Hampshire in southern England. Numerous headwaters to the west of Lyndhurst give rise to the river, including Highland Water, Bratley Water and Fletchers Water. From Brockenhurst the river runs southwards to the Solent at Lymington. Highland Water rises north of the Ocknell Inclosure () and flows for to Bolderford Bridge () where it meets Ober Water.
|
|
It also crosses the county boundary into Hampshire at this location. The river continues through the woodland of Benyon's Inclosure, and enters Kiln Pond. An embankment carries a track over the pond, dividing it into two. In 1872, both ponds were fish ponds, but by 1896, only the lower pond, covering an area of , was used for this purpose, and the upper pond, covering , was marshy ground.
|
|
South Moreton Inclosure Award and Map Later in the century a London butcher called Hedges used Rich's Sidings of the new Great Western Railway west by Didcot railway station, to supply much of the London meat trade. Hedges amassed a fortune and much local land, including the inclosures at Hall Farm and Fulscot Manor, both of which are still owned and farmed by his descendants.
|
|
The Inclosure Acts had forced England's peasants to become employees of land- owners, and those who could not find employment became the "wandering poor" – thus anyone seen walking along the road was identified as a beggar or a thief. For this reason, Moritz experienced considerable problems finding room and board, and was even run out of some villages, simply for arriving into town on foot.
|
|
M. Stead, Charminster, p. 2. By this stage much of the land in the district was owned by James Harris, 3rd Earl of Malmesbury, who had received 150 acres here under the Christchurch Inclosure Award; he is commemorated in the Malmesbury Park Estate, south-east of the present Charminster Road.M. Stead, Charminster, p. 3. It is not known why the name 'Charminster' was applied to this district.
|
|
The Inclosure Act 1773 (13 Geo 3. c. 81) (also known as the Enclosure Act 1773) is an Act of the Parliament of the Kingdom of Great Britain, passed during the reign of George III. The Act is still in force in the United Kingdom. It created a law that enabled enclosure of land, at the same time removing the right of commoners' access.
|
|
The village name, meaning "hill where thorn trees grow", is Anglo Saxon in origin. It was recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Torneberge, Tornburuwe in the 13th century and Thornborowe in the 16th century. An Inclosure Act for Thornborough was passed in 1797. The village has the earthworks of a Roman village on its western border, in between Thornborough Bridge and the main village.
|
|
Many species and hybrids are used as ornamental and street trees. The common hawthorn is extensively used in Europe as a hedge plant. During the British Agricultural Revolution in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, hawthorn saplings were mass propagated in nurseries to create the new field boundaries required by the Inclosure Acts.Williamson, Tom (2013), An Environmental History of Wildlife in England 1650 – 1950 Bloomsbury Academic, (p.
|
|
Over time, in some parishes, the tithe owner came to an agreement with the tithe payers to receive cash instead of farm produce. This could be for a fixed period of time or indefinitely.Kain and Prince, p.5 During the period of parliamentary enclosure, the various Inclosure Acts abolished tithes in many places in return for an allocation of land to the tithe owner.
|
|
The name Middlezoy meaning the middle stream island, derives from Sowi, the name of Glastonbury Abbey's major estate, sow, a British river name from a root meaning flowing. The extra i is derived from the Saxon ig for island. The parish of Middlezoy was part of the Whitley Hundred. In 1800 1,100 acres of common land were enclosed as a result of the Inclosure Acts.
|
|
The > staircases which lead to them have been deprived of part of their steps to > make access more difficult. Underneath are magazines and cellars, the vaults > of which rest on several ranges of arcades. Cisterns hollowed in the rock > are found beneath a paved court. Below and near the castle a second > inclosure, flanked by semicircular towers, contains within it the remains of > numerous demolished houses and cisterns.
|
|
He recommended that the land could be greatly improved, but only if it were first inclosed. But the fields of Hempton were intermixed with those of the neighbouring parish of Great Barford (now Barford St. Michael), so the two parishes would have to be inclosed at the same time. Accordingly, in 1808 Parliament passed a private member's bill that was the inclosure act for Deddington and Great Barford.
|
|
The extent of Epping Forest was greatly reduced by inclosure by landowners. The Corporation of London wished to see it preserved as an open space and obtained an injunction to throw open some that had been inclosed in the preceding 20 years. In 1875 and 1876, it bought of open waste land. Under the Epping Forest Act 1878, the forest was disafforested and forest law abolished in respect of it.
|
|
17 Larkton was anciently a township of the old parish of Malpas, and was also a manor owned by the Cheshire family of Cholmondeley.Lysons (1810) Magna Britannia, v II, Cadell, p.683 Larkton Hill, part of the larger Bickerton Hill, was formerly the site of small-scale sandstone quarrying. It was once an area of commonland covering about 44 acres until an Inclosure Act of the mid 19th century.
|
|
The areas involved had already been reorganised for some purposes. This was a process which began with the Inclosure Acts of the later 18th century. A parish on a county boundary which used the open-field system could have its field strips distributed among the two counties in a very complicated way. Enclosure could rationalise the boundary in the process of re-distributing land to the various landowners.
|
|
The remains of Gilmorton Mill The House of Lords debated the inclosure act for Gilmorton in 1777. A tower mill at Gilmorton was built early in the 19th century. The brick tower survives and has been restored, but neither the cap nor any machinery survives. In the 1890s the Great Central Main Line from south to London Marylebone was built through the west of Gilmorton parish, passing west of the village.
|
|
A large sheet of canvas was prepared in one piece, sufficient to entirely cover the bottom area and extend about 6 ft. up the sides of the enclosure. This canvas was "formed-in" by wooden forms along the sides and ends, to provide a runway for water around the edges. Steam coils were placed around the sides of the pit inclosure and the entire spaced was housed in and made warm.
|
|
7–9; ibid., Inclosure 4 in no. The Bashkaleh Resistance was on the Persian border, which the Armenakans were in communication with Armenians in the Persian Empire. The Gugunian Expedition, which followed within the couple months, was an attempt by a small group of Armenian nationalists from the Russian Armenia to launch an armed expedition across the border into the Ottoman Empire in 1890 in support of local Armenians.
|
|
Bougler G S rev. Anita McConnell (2004) ODNB Sole, William (1741-1802) 19th-century Baptist chapelAn Enclosure Act is a parliamentary authority to fence-off common land, thus making that land private property, while awarding commoners land in compensation. Inclosure is the name given to the parliamentary statute thus created.OED (2010) Enclosure The enclosure process began in the 13th century and was supported by Acts of Parliament from 1640.
|
|
By 1841 the remaining open fields had been enclosed but Parliament passed an inclosure act for parts of South Weston, Stoke Talmage and Wheatfield in 1854. After peaking around 1831 the population fell again; the 1901 Census recorded 72, an estimate in 1960 gave a population of 40 and the 2001 Census recorded only 22 inhabitants. With such a small population, Wheatfield had relatively few children to support a school.
|
|
This is by far the earliest inclosure act for an Oxfordshire parish: the next was not passed until 1758. The area enclosed under the act was about ; land enclosed before 1729 by agreement without the need for an act had been about . The main road between Buckingham and Banbury passes through the parish south of the village. It was made into a turnpike by an Act of Parliament in 1744.
|
|
The placename is thought to derive simply from "white hill". At one point, Whitle was part of the Lordship of Longdendale. In 1713 the hamlet was included in the newly formed township of New Mills and to this day it remains within the town's boundaries. The Inclosure Act 1826 refers to, and maps, four distinct areas within Whitle: New Mills Lee, Whitle Bank, Shaw Marsh and Broadhurst Edge.
|
|
Although there were many boundary and name changes over the years, even by the start of the 19th century the parish of Holdenhurst (also known as the Liberty of West Stour) encompassed the whole area between Christchurch in the east and Poole in the west. The area was still a remote and barren heathland, and much of it was common land used by the inhabitants for livestock and by the poor for wood and turves.The 1802 Inclosure of The Liberty of West Stour In 1802, however, the Christchurch Inclosure Act, entitled An Act for dividing, allotting and inclosing certain Commonable Lands and Waste Grounds within the Parish or Chapelry of Holdenhurst in the County of Southampton was passed in Parliament. Commissioners were appointed to divide up the land and allot it according to an individual's entitlement, and to set out the roads and to sell plots of land in order to pay for their work.
|
|
In the late 20th century it was converted into four homes. There were small enclosures of land in the parish in the 14th and 16th centuries but an open field system of farming prevailed until 1763. In the 1761 Parliamentary election Sir Edward Turner entered the House of Commons as Member of Parliament for Penryn in Cornwall. In 1762 Sir Edward got Parliament to pass an Inclosure Act for the parish of Merton.
|
|
The Church of God of Prophecy The present settlement of Pensnett dates only from the period after the inclosure of Pensnett Chase. Pensnett was made part of the parish of St Mark's, Pensnett in 1844. Towards the end of the 19th century the face of the area began a period of dramatic change. Several factories were built in Pensnett and the factory workers were mostly employed in the iron and steel industries.
|
|
Hillfoot Farm New Barn Farm, Pig Farm The parish of Bucklebury has three main parts. The original village is on the banks of the River Pang close to its three sources in the parish. Directly south of Bucklebury village, and on higher ground, is Bucklebury Common, which is of open grazing on managed heather and woodland. The common is, under the Inclosure Acts, open to villagers only as commoners and privately owned.
|
|
An open field system of farming prevailed in the parish until 1780, when an inclosure act enabled the enclosure of the common land of the parish. Caversfield is on the old main road between Bicester and Banbury via Aynho. In 1791 an Act of Parliament made both the Bicester–Aynho road and the Bicester–Finmere stretch of the old Roman road into turnpikes. The two roads ceased to be turnpikes in 1877.
|
|
Beginning at Chester the road ran south-east to a known Roman fort structure at Chesterton in North Staffordshire (partly excavated with modern methods from 1969 to 1971).North Staffordshire Journal of Field Studies 1970, pp.103-5 It then ran through Wolstanton, as discovered when the Marsh was partly drained in the 1870s,Inclosure Commission report to Parliament, 1872. then in a major educational excavation in the 1960s, and a lesser one in 1995.
|
|
Private landowners cleared much of the surviving woodland such as in the south under the 1797 Croydon Inclosure Act and in the centre-west on sale of the late Lord Thurlow's estates in 1806. Other recreational activities, such as the pleasure gardens at Knight's Hill and the Spa on Beulah Hill, succumbed to the housebuilding boom of the Victorian era, eclipsed by The Crystal Palace, the park of which hosts a major UK athletics ground.
|
|
The Plough public house in Ploughley Lane, Lower Arncott In 1281, Bicester Priory inclosed some farmland at Lower Arncott. However, an open field system of farming continued in both manors until an inclosure award was made in 1816. A parish school was opened in Ambrosden in 1818 and Arncott had its own school by 1833. Both seem to have ceased operating by 1854, but temporary schools existed in both Ambrosden and Arncott in 1868.
|
|
The public workhouse was the final fallback solution for the destitute. Rural poverty had been greatly increased by the Inclosure Acts leaving many in need of assistance. This was divided into outside relief, or handouts to keep the family together, and inside relief, which meant submitting to the workhouse. The workhouse provided for two groups of people – the transient population roaming the country looking for seasonal work, and the long-term residents.
|
|
The remains of the lime kiln Much of the soil on the Blackdown Hills is very acidic. After the 1851 Inclosure Acts there was a huge demand for lime as farmers wanted to spread lime on the newly enclosed commons to reduce the acidity of the soil. As a result, an extensive lime burning industry grew around the Bishopswood area and continued throughout the century. Quicklime was also an essential resource for the building industry.
|
|
Sherds of second- and third-century Roman pottery have been found west of the present hamlet, indicating the site of a Roman settlement. The Domesday Book of 1086 records two small manors at West Farndon. Surviving earthworks east and south of the present hamlet show the extent of the former village. In 1760 an inclosure act ended Hinton's open field system of farming, and by 1840 much of the former village was deserted.
|
|
The Headingly cum Burley Inclosure Award (1834) refers to various intakes when describing the roads and paths set out. for example: > 'Oates Road:- One other private occupation of the width and in the direction > that it is now branching from Holling Lane between two Intakes called Stoney > Close and Harris Close belonging to the Curate of Headingly and leading in a > Southwardly direction to and into an allotment on Headingly Moor set out for > Edward Oates Esquire.
|
|
It was cultivated in three open fields until parliamentary inclosure in 1814. High, flat land in the east of the parish was hard to drain before mechanisation and was usually used for pasture and as the village common. In 1940, after the outbreak of World War II, the area was made into an airfield, called Gransden Lodge Airfield. It was in operational use from 1941 to 1946 but was unoccupied after 1948 and then sold off.
|
|
The parish of Denny Lodge extends from Matley Heath in the north, to King's Copse Inclosure in the south.Donn Small, John Chapman, (1987), Explore the New Forest: an official guide, page 94. Forestry Commission It is bounded by, but does not include, the towns and villages of Ashurst, Lyndhurst, Brockenhurst, Beaulieu, Fawley and Hythe. The parish is bisected by the South Western Main Line railway from Ashurst to Brockenhurst, and by the B3056 road from Lyndhurst to Beaulieu.
|
|
A map of 1641 shows that by then inclosure had embraced at least two thirds of the Manor of Studley: . This included only a small proportion of the land around the manor house but a much larger proportion of the land of the former hamlets of Ash and Marlake. Studley Mill Field continued to be cultivated under an open field system. By 1786 Horton had no large inclosures but about 150 small ones covering a total of .
|
|
Under an Act of Parliament of 1771, the Besselsleigh Turnpike Trust took over management of the road between Hungerford and Wantage and the Roman road between Wantage and Besselsleigh. The road ceased to be a turnpike in 1878. An open field system of farming prevailed in the parish until the beginning of the 19th century. Unusually, Parliament passed two Inclosure Acts for Garford: the first taking effect in 1814–15 and the second being passed in 1825.
|
|
The first written mention of a settlement here was in 1060, and the Domesday Book lists the site as 'Fodringeia'. John Leland wrote this as 'Foderingeye' or "Fodering inclosure", referring to the section of the forest that is segregated for the purpose of producing hay. During the medieval period the village was variously mentioned as Foderingey, Foderinghay, Forderinghay, and Fotheringhaye. Access to the village was formerly via a ford of the Nene adjacent to the former castle site.
|
|
Foxborough (born 1983) is a three-member ward in south-east Langley in the eastern part of the Borough. It is named after a area mentioned in connection with the inclosure of Langley Marish parish in 1809. This was the ward where the Liberal Democrats won their first election to Slough Borough Council in 2000 and the party held all three seats after the 2004 election. The Liberal Democrats retained one of their seats in 2006.
|
|
Between 1917 and 1925 the family sold almost all of the manor, and the manorial rights lapsed. There were some early enclosures of land in the parish: Thame Abbey's Sydenham Grange existed by 1474, and further enclosures had taken place by the 1550s and 1630. However, half of the land of the parish continued to be farmed under an open field system until Sydenham's Inclosure Act was passed in 1823, leading to the enclosure award in 1826.
|
|
The Fosse Way runs through the parish and Roman villa sites associated with it have been found at Windmill Hill. The parishes of Charlton Adam and Charlton Mackrell were part of the hundred of Somerton. In the 16th century two medieval fields were divided which delayed inclosure until the 18th century, leading to the current patchwork of fields. The Charltons have been home to several of the ancestors of politicians in the United States of America.
|
|
By the late 13th century Fulbourn was linked to the Icknield Way by fieldways leading south-east, including Weston, Balsham, and (Old) Wood ways, while Mill Way and Granditch Way, continued respectively by Limekiln Way and Hintonwal Way (also Hintonwald Way), led west towards Cherry Hinton and Cambridge. At the time of inclosure, those running south-east were mostly stopped up and replaced by a single straight road, while the western ones had their courses straightened.
|
|
In 1838 the Cambridge Union Workhouse was opened, a building subsequently to become the Mill Road Maternity Hospital and finally a sheltered housing scheme.Mill Road, Maternity Hospital , Cambridge University Hospitals. Romsey Town, east of the railway, started to be developed after the inclosure acts of the middle 19th century. Expansion of the railway network drove the building of housing for railway workers and the majority of the houses were built in the ten years after 1885.
|
|
Early prehistoric pottery, a flint flake, Bronze Age cremation sites and Romano-British ditches and field systems have been found in the Goldthorpe area suggesting ancient occupation of the area over a long period of time. In the early 18th century Barnsley Attorney William Henry Marsden Esquire of Burntwood Hall bought the Manor of Bolton on Dearne with Goldthorpe for £10,000 including over of land. Goldthorpe is recorded in the 1761–1767 Inclosure Awards. The Marsden family held the manor until 1815.
|
|
The houses were built in 1639 for four local men over 60 years of age and four local women over 50 "well reputed for religion, and of good character and conversation". A further endowment to the charity was added by Sir Richard Ingoldsby, Lady Elizabeth Ingoldsby and Alexander Croke in 1668. The Otmoor Inclosure Award of 1825 added two acres and eight perches to the charity's endowment. The number of beneficiaries was reduced to two men and two women in 1880.
|
|
Before the Inclosure Acts, this ground was the deep, rich, common land, known as East Field. The land is drained by a very small brook which rises from a spring in nearby Milton Road just to the north. This flows unseen now, through a culvert that runs under the grounds towards the Uxbridge Road in the south. Its distance from main roads, the shelter given by the trees and general lack of busy activity, makes this a very peaceful place.
|
|
They were still holding lands here three hundred years later, and had another important manor in Finchampstead. The Upper End was, however, often called Meales and Meales Farm, a reputed manor, stands next to the site of the Church of St. Michael from which its name derives. A congregational chapel/church was built in 1881 in place of an older chapel. The inclosure of the two parishes of Sulhamstead Abbots and Sulhamstead Bannister was made by Act of Parliament, effective 1817.
|
|
Aneurin made his home at Tanygyrt, near Nantglyn, and in 1820 married Jane Lloyd, also of Nantglyn. With the passing of the Tithe Commutation Act 1836, he was appointed one of the assistant tithe commissioners for England and Wales. On the death of Colonel Thomas Francis Wade in 1847, he was made an assistant poor-law commissioner, but found the duties too heavy. Later he was appointed, under the Enclosures Act 1815, a commissioner for the inclosure of commonable lands.
|
|
Marxist historian Peter Linebaugh posits another persona of Colquhoun, i.e., the agent of often violent oppression wholly in the service of an industrialist and property-holding class in the earliest incarnation of socio-economic warfare in the Atlantic economy. The capitalist, investor regime needed a laboring under-class in thrall to subsistence wages to maximize profits. And, as farming the Commons "The Inclosure Acts" had been denied them, the increasingly desperate worker was feared by those keepers of the status quo.
|
|
There was some enclosure of land in the parish in the 16th century, and by 1779 the enclosed land totalled . Arable farming continued on an open field system until Parliament passed an inclosure act in 1780 to enable all Stratton Audley's open fields and common lands to be enclosed. A school was opened in 1808 supported by Sir John Borlase Warren, 1st Baronet, who provided a house and salary for the schoolmaster. New premises for the school were completed and opened in 1837.
|
|
Inclosure 5, No. 1. Statement by Ahmed Adan, Camel Sowar.Foreign Department, External, B, August, 1899, No. 33-234,NAI, New Delhi On April 20, Dragoman Deria Magan, Hayes Sadler's personal translator and a relative of the Mullah was sent to ascertain the nature of the activities at Kob Fardod. He reported that the Mullah had 52 rifles with about 200 rounds of ammunition and that the various tribesmen Habr Toljaala and Dolbahnata were wavering and they hold no hostile attitude towards the administrations.
|
|
Inclosure 5, No. 1. Statement by Ahmed Adan, Camel Sowar.Foreign Department, External, B, August, 1899, No. 33-234,NAI, New Delhi On April 20, Dragoman Deria Magan, Hayes Sadler's personal translator and a relative of the Mullah was sent to ascertain the nature of the activities at Kob Fardod. He reported that the Mullah had 52 rifles with about 200 rounds of ammunition and that the various tribesmen Habr Toljaala and Dolbahnata were wavering and they hold no hostile attitude towards the administrations.
|
|
There is a small nature reserve on the site of a former chalk pit, which is believed to have first been used in Roman times. In 1786, under the Inclosure Act of 1773, the land came into ownership of Titchwell Parish. After all the chalk had been removed, the land became a rubbish dump, which was soon closed following public outcry. Local farmers and Norfolk County Council then tidied the pit and planted trees and shrubs, creating a mini-reserve.
|
|
An open field system prevailed in the parish until an Inclosure Act passed by Parliament in 1774 was implemented. The Birmingham and Oxford Junction Railway was built through the parish and in 1852 Southam Road and Harbury railway station was opened at Deppers Bridge north of the village. The railway became part of the Great Western Railway until 1948, when was nationalised as part of British Railways. BR closed the station to goods traffic in 1963 and passenger traffic in 1964.
|
|
Attempts by successive lords of the manor to get Parliament to pass an inclosure act for Cottisford's common lands were defeated in 1761, 1777 and 1809. Parliament finally passed an enclosure act for the parish in 1848 but the enclosure award to redistribute the land was not settled until 1854. The enclosure award included setting aside a plot of land for a village school. In 1856 the school and adjoining schoolmistress's cottage were built with funds provided by Eton College.
|
|
The Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1998 (c 43) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It provided reform to the statute law in the areas of administration of justice, ecclesiastical law, education, finance, Hereford and Worcester, Inclosure Acts, Scottish Local Acts, Slave Trade Acts, as well as other miscellaneous items. This Act implementedScottish Law Commission recommendations contained in the sixteenth report on statute law revision,The Law Commission and the Scottish Law Commission. Statute Law Revision: Sixteenth Report.
|
|
After the Greenford inclosure award of 1816 the Vicar of Northolt's right to tithes payable on old common-field land in Greenford parish was disputed by the Rector of Greenford. In 1841 the Greenford tithes were commuted by the population, the whole of the resultant rentcharge was apportioned to the Rector of Greenford, and the tithes payable to Northolt extinguished. The Northolt tithes were redeemed for £682 the next year. The net value of the living in 1835 was £539.
|
|
The manor was held by the Bishop of Worcester, who maintained a summer residence, park and fisheries on the site of the first monastery, and the medieval village developed around these church buildings. Following the Reformation in the 16th century, the manor passed to the Crown. In 1718, wealthy resident William Hancock founded Bredon Hancock's Endowed Church of England First School. Bredon's Act of Inclosure was passed in 1811, and among those gaining large consolidated holdings were the lord of the manor, Rev.
|
|
They are evidence of the open field system of farming that prevailed in the parish until 1767, when Parliament passed the Inclosure Act for Sulgrave. John and Mary Hodges founded Sulgrave school in the early 18th century as a charity school for poor boys of the parish. The school building, at the corner of Magpie Road and Stockwell Lane, is a stone building which according to its date stone was completed in 1720. It was probably remodelled in the 19th century.
|
|
Upton School An open field system of farming prevailed in the parish until an inclosure award was made in 1759. The Didcot, Newbury and Southampton Railway through the parish was completed in 1881, and a station to serve Upton and neighbouring Blewbury was opened in 1883. British Railways closed the line to passengers in 1962 and freight in 1967. The former station building survives as a private house, and part of the line is now used as a pedestrian and cycle path.
|
|
Mundy was the author of two admired descriptive poems Needwood Forest (1776) and the Fall of Needwood (1808). Needwood Forest was a large ancient woodland in Staffordshire which was destroyed under the authority of the Inclosure Act of 1803. Despite Mundy's and other protests it was removed by 1811. Anna Seward regarded his poem, Needwood Forest, as "one of the most beautiful local poems" and "the first entirely local poem in our language" and persistedly promoted Mundy's poetry, writing verses in praise of it.
|
|
The village’s population boomed throughout the early 19th century, rising from 1100 in 1801 to 2300 in 1851. The Inclosure Acts in 1847 saw a widespread program of land ownership and road-building, resulting in improved road routes to Rampton, Oakington and Landbeach along with the creation of long and straight drove roads for livestock. Permanent drainage of the Fens by steam-powered pumping engines was authorised in 1842. These engines were later fuelled by oil and diesel before being converted to electricity in 1986.
|
|
Studley had a windmill by 1539, when it was listed among the estates of the priory that had just been dissolved and sold to John Croke. It was recorded on maps in the 17th and 18th centuries and finally on the parish of Beckley's inclosure maps of 1827–31. Its site is recorded by the name Mill Field, at the end of Mill Lane. Sir George Croke established the Studley Almshouse Charity in 1631 by an indenture that gave it an income from land at Easington, Buckinghamshire.
|
|
A church is recorded in the cartulary of Christchurch Priory early in the twelfth century. From very early times Hordle was a parochial chapelry of the vicarage of Milford and served by the vicar, until February 1867 when Hordle was declared a vicarage distinct from that of Milford. The old church was pulled down in 1830 being derelict. The site of the old church is at Hordle Cliff, about 2 miles to the south of the present village, and consists only of a graveyard inclosure.
|
|
559 Plaxton was informed by elderly residents of the parish that the Moors had formerly been so overgrown with willow, alder and other marshland trees that they had customarily hung bells around the necks of their cattle to prevent losing them.Memoirs of the Royal Society, Or a New Abridgment of the Philosophical Transactions from 1665 to 1740, v.5, 1745, p.57 In 1801 an Enclosure act, the "Wildmoors Inclosure Act", was passed, enabling local landowners (principally the Leveson-Gower family) to begin further drainage works.
|
|
The site is very flat, although there are several small clay or gravel pits, and an extensive network of boundary banks which date back to the Inclosure Acts of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. There is also a steep escarpment running down to the Stour Valley, which in the past was a well-used travel route. Some cultivation of the land was attempted during the Second World War, as evidenced by areas of ridge and furrow. Ferndown Common was designated as a town green in 2003.
|
|
With the current rates of development and house sales this is expected to be achieved in approximately five years. Comprising open farm land, Scartho Top was historically part of Scartho, included within the parish's North-West field. Under an Inclosure Act of 1798 this land was distributed between various individuals, with the largest awards going to local dignitaries Charles Lord Yarborough and George Tennyson. When the Grimsby Waterworks Company opened its pumping station at Little Coates in 1863, a reservoir was established in the Scartho Top area.
|
|
A minority of these partly or wholly survive such as Newington Green to form council-run open spaces breaking up housing, road networks and/or retail streets. The categories of greens and garden squares become more well-visited where larger than an informal scale. These are mainly government-run, characteristic parks and open spaces in London. By subtle distinction their less urban equivalent amounts to London's 26 commons most of which were diminished in the period of legal inclosure and/or the city/county's 16 country parks.
|
|
The Christchurch Inclosure Act 1802 was a United Kingdom local and personal Act of Parliament (42 Geo. 3 c. 43) for the dividing, allotting, and inclosing, certain commonable lands, and waste grounds within the parish of Christchurch and parish or chapelry of Holdenhurst, in the county of Southampton. Bournemouth, which lay in the Liberty of West Stour, was in the late 18th century little more than overgrown heathland that separated the port of Poole from Christchurch with a few well trodden paths linking the two towns.
|
|
Kirkus Reviews found this novel to be "Another excellent adventure, complete with period-piece arcana, for oceanic literature's oddest and arguably most appealing couple. The Telegraph called The Yellow Admiral "an interim novel" with the best bits in the relations between Aubrey and his wife. Prior novels in this series with portions of the story on land are better when "animated by Maturin's intelligence work." The Telegraph finds the topic of protecting his local common from inclosure "by a scheming neighbour is pedestrian in comparison.
|
|
The enclosures altered the appearance of part of the parish from a moor growing poor grass to cultivated fields with hedges, and so increased the food supply. It relieved farmers of their duty to pay a tenth of their product in kind. Some lands on or near Bramcote Moor, but in Beeston parish, were enclosed in 1847, by provisional order of the Inclosure Commissioners. Before the general introduction of gas in the parish, there was a limited supply from the Mill to separate houses.
|
|
In 1832 there were eight public houses in the village: The Green Dragon, Ferry Boat Inn, The White Horse, The Red Lion, The Globe, The Golden Ball, The Oddfellows Arms and Bull Hill. A directory of 1853 stated that the village contained of good sandy soil, and that most of this had previously been common land, but had been enclosed in 1769. However, the Inclosure Act was awarded on 11 June 1762, and a copy of it is held in the archive at Nottingham University.
|
|
Bawdeswell Heath is all that remains of a huge area of common land following the inclosure acts in the late 18th and early to mid 19th centuries. There are in total that can be accessed from Dereham Road with parking available about 1/2-mile Southwest of the A1067 or by foot from 'The Layby' in Billingford Road about 1/3-mile West of the A1067. The Heath is administered by a board of trustees except for administered by the Parish Council as trustees.
|
|
On introduction of the 1825 Inclosure Act, the area saw little expansion due to common land becoming privately owned. The 1841 census listed eight families in the area, including agricultural workers, a painter, an Irish carrier, and a wire drawer. It is likely that the latter worked at Penns Mill, a nearby wire mill run by the Webster family (with Baron Dickinson Webster's business involvements including the transatlantic telegraph cable). Boldmere did expand, however, upon the introduction of the London and North Western Railway.
|
|
Domesday Book records it as the manor of Haswic, which was waste on account of the forest. Previously there had been a village in a manor belonging to the priests of Wolverhampton. This may in turn have succeeded a Roman settlement, occupying the site of Greensforge Roman fort. The heath was inclosed mainly as three open fields in the 1680s, on the basis of long leases granted to the commoners, and again by Act of Parliament (Parliamentary inclosure) when the leases expired in the 1780s.
|
|
George Ridley (1818 – 4 November 1887) was a British Liberal and Whig politician. The son of former Newcastle-upon-Tyne Whig MP Matthew Ridley and Laura née Hawkins, Ridley followed his father into politics, also as a Whig MP. After unsuccessfully contesting South Northumberland in 1852, he was elected for his father's former seat at a by-election in 1856—caused by the resignation of John Blackett due to ill health—and, becoming a Liberal in 1859, held the seat until 1860, when he resigned after being appointed a Copyhold, Inclosure and Tithe Commissioner.
|
|
Church Place, Pastscape The second site is in Churchplace Inclosure near Ashurst on a sandy knoll, and is a square earthwork comprising a broad bank with an outer ditch.Church Place, Pastscape Also near Ashurst are the earthwork remains of a 16th-century saltpetre house.Monument No. 226132, Pastscape It was probably in use for the manufacture of saltpetre when monopolies for its manufacture in England were granted to Germans. It now consists of banks and hollows of various sizes enclosed in a rectangular area about 100 metres by 50 metres.
|
|
Use of the path eventually declined towards 1775 as a result of the Inclosure Act 1773. In 1540, it was known as the "Schetebrok", which was noted by John Leland. In 1847, it was listed as "Sytche" on Ordnance Survey maps, which drew conclusions that it had some relation to a similarly named stream at Burslem in Stoke-on-Trent. In the 1990s, there was a structural survey carried out on Shit Brook which discovered that the culvert was in poor condition as it had collapsed in places, which led to flooding of nearby properties.
|
|
A map of Longmoor Camp from 1947 No entry to training grounds at Longmoor Camp In 1863, the War Department had required additional training grounds for British Army troops. They purchased tracts of land totalling from Her Majesty's Woods, Forests and Lands at Hogmoor Inclosure and Longmoor on the Surrey/Hampshire borders. However, the Army's main barracks were at Aldershot Garrison, requiring a march or expensive railway journey to access the new training grounds. This distance also necessitated an overnight stay, most often accomplished by pitching tents east of the A325 road.
|
|
And inclosure 3, No. 1. Deria Magan, a relative of the Mullah Mohamed Abdullah Hassan (the later spiritual head of the movement), and chief translator of the Somali coastal administration since 1884under the flag: Somali coast stories. p. 233 visited the tariqa, he added nothing new to the general information gathered earlier by Ahmed Aden other than the fact that purportedly some clans are leaving the mullah and that the mullahs have abandoned Madar Hersi and were now paying allegiances to Sultan Nur, whose sultanate the Mullahs are now embracing.
|
|
In commemoration, the Mayor of Nottingham planted the "Inclosure Oak" which can still be seen at the Mansfield Road entrance to the Forest. Joseph Paxton, a leading gardener and architect of the nineteenth century, was responsible for the criss-cross formation of walkways. For over 300 years the Forest has been home to sport, including horse racing, cricket and football. It was home to Nottingham Racecourse by 1773, and it remained there until it moved to its current location at Colwick, south east of Nottingham, at the end of the 19th century.
|
|
Ergi and argr (Wendish 'inclosure') or ragr (Wendish 'entrance') can be regarded as specifying swearwords. Ergi, argr and ragr were the severe insults made by calling someone a coward, and due to its severity old Scandinavian laws demanded retribution for this accusation if it had turned out unjustified. The Icelandic Gray Goose Laws referred to three words that were regarded as equal to argr by themselves. Those were ragr, strodinn, and sordinn, all three meaning the passive role of a man included in same-sex activities among males.
|
|
Great Somerford has Britain's first allotments. Enclosure of common land, facilitated by the Inclosure Act 1773, greatly reduced the amount of land available for personal cultivation by the poor. Stephen Demainbray, rector 1799–1854 and a Chaplain to King George III, asked the King to spare part of his parish from the enclosures of 1809. A field of about in the south of the village on Dauntsey Road became the Free Gardens, in exchange for pieces of common land elsewhere; there was a second site of about 2 acres at Seagry Heath.
|
|
Traces of traditional ridge and furrow ploughing survive in much of the parish, many in the S-shaped pattern characteristic of ox-drawn ploughs. They are evidence of the open field system of farming that prevailed in the parish until 1760, when Parliament passed the Inclosure Act for Eydon. Northwest of the village, west of Woodford Road and Manitoba Way, are of shallow hollows and mounds. They are the remains of small pits and spoil heaps created by the quarrying of Northampton Sand, an iron-rich sandstone, probably in the Middle Ages.
|
|
The hamlet is named for the Turgis family that owned land locally in the thirteenth century. Turgis Green was inclosed in 1866 as a result of the General Inclosure Act, which permitted landlords to enclose open fields and common land and deny local people their historic rights to graze on these area, as well as wood gathering and water rights. Late in the eighteenth century it was proposed to build a cut (canal branch) from the Basingstoke Canal to Turgis Green but the proposal never came to fruition.
|
|
Brand (1996) The land on which the area of Alexandra Park now stands was originally a part of Mapperley Hills Common (q.v. above). Following the Enclosure Act of 1845 the land in this area was sold into private ownership, eventually falling into the possession of Jonathan and Benjamin Hine in the 1850s.8 & 9 Vic, c.7., Nottingham Inclosure Act 1845 They engaged their brother, the celebrated local architect Thomas C. Hine to lay out the area and design the substantial houses that now define the character of the area.
|
|
The Garhajis clan played a prominent role in the inception of the Dervish movement and its subsequent struggle against the British Empire. Among the prominent members of the Dervish was the Sultan of the Habar Yunis, Nur Ahmed Aman, whose letter to Mohammed Abdullah Hassan initiated the Dervish rebillion. Nur was the principle agitator that rallied the dervish behind his anti-French Catholic Mission campaign that would become the cause of the dervish uprise.Foreign Department-External-B, August 1899, N. 33-234, NAI, New Delhi, Inclosure 2 in No. 1.
|
|
It is named after a area mentioned in connection with the inclosure of Langley Marish parish in 1809. This was the ward where the Liberal Democrats won their first election in Slough and the party held all three seats after the 2004 election. Councillors by Party: (1997-2000) 3 Labour; (2000–2004) 2 Labour, 1 Liberal Democrat; (2004-) 3 Liberal Democrats. Haymill (born 1983) is a three-member ward in the west of the Borough (to the east of Farnham ward), which was left unchanged by the 2004 redistribution.
|
|
In 1622 Bletchingdon's common lands – about of arable land and about of heath – were enclosed by agreement between the Lord of the Manor, the Rector and the tenants. This is the earliest recorded instance of enclosure in Oxfordshire by common consent, and it predates by more than a century the first use of an inclosure act in Oxfordshire, which was at Mixbury in 1729–30. The Blacks Head public house Bletchingdon village was originally built around a green, but the houses on the north side were demolished when Bletchingdon Park was extended.
|
|
The acreage of the manor's woodland grew by the end of the 18th Century. Until inclosure in 1799, agriculture was carried out in three open fields. The Varsity Line passed through Longstowe parish to the south of the village although the Great North Road was not important to the village; the settlement reached it only in the late 19th century. The Old North Road railway station was built just over the boundary in Bourn parish and opened in 1862 and encouraged development in the east of the parish.
|
|
Berewic is Old English for "barley farm" and Salome is from the surname "Sulham". In the 13th century, Aymar de Sulham held the manor; There is a Britwell Salome about to the east, and Sulham is a parish in Berkshire on the River Thames near Reading. Liam Tiller gives early versions of the name as Berewiche (1086) and Berewick (1210, 1258). Moreau quotes later versions found in The Place-names of Oxfordshire, as Berrick Sullame (1571), Berwick Sallome (1737, 1797), and, by the time of the 1863 Inclosure Award, Berrick Salome.
|
|
Silvia Federici offers radical feminist insight into the witch hunt process in her book Caliban and the Witch: Women, the Body and Primitive Accumulation, published in 2004. Her book investigates the transition phase to capitalism, and brings evidence that the process happened in parallel with the Inclosure Acts which deprived women of economic autonomy by retrieving access to commons lands in the transition to a capitalist economy. Federici also comments on the developing sexual division of labor at the time, due to rising capitalism, and how this impacted stress for women.
|
|
A special form of Banbury cheese, latter-made cheese, was the last to disappear. By 1840, the number of producers of this cheese was diminishing, and in 1848, for the first time, none was offered for sale at the Banbury fair. Local historian Martin Thomas has speculated that the late-18th-century Inclosure Acts were responsible for the decline in the production of the cheese. As land was taken from commoners and appropriated by new landlords, the new owners may have preferred the more profitable sheep over cattle, and so the town would begin to lack the products necessary for the cheese's production.
|
|
The southern boundary of this "patent" (as title to land was called) began about where East Capitol Street meets the river, and ran north-northwest to about Trinidad Avenue NE. Clarke called this patent Meurs. In 1734, Thomas Evans purchased of Meurs from Clarke, and renamed the patent Chance. Notley Young purchased of Chance in 1771, and then purchased of a 1717 patent known as The Gleaning in 1786. Young combined Chance, The Gleaning, and several other smaller purchases (parts of Allison's Forest Enlarged, Allison's Forest Enlarged Resurveyed, and The Inclosure) into a single new tract—which he called Youngsborough—in 1793.
|
|
Victorian era Post Office wall box outside a cottage in Back Lane Anne Greene was born in the parish in 1628 and later became a domestic servant at the manor house in the neighbouring parish of Duns Tew. In 1650 she was convicted of infanticide on apparently doubtful evidence, was hanged at Oxford Castle but survived and was pardoned. The agricultural lands of Steeple Barton and Westcott Barton were worked as a single unit. An open field system of farming prevailed in the two parishes until an Inclosure Act for their common lands was implemented in 1796.
|
|
White's Directory of Nottinghamshire, written in 1853, describes West Leake as follows: > Leake (West) is a small village and parish, one mile west of East leake, and > ten miles south south west of Nottingham. It has 190 inhabitants and 1,380 > acres of land, all belonging to Lord Middleton, except the rectory house, > with ten acres of glebe. John Throsby, writing during 1790 in his new edition of Robert Thoroton's Antiquities of Nottinghamshire, describes West Leake as: > THE Lordship of the former contains 2000 acres of land, old inclosure. The > principal proprietors are Lord Middleton, and — Bird, Esq.
|
|
When Oliver Cromwell seized it from the Archbishop of Canterbury it was measured to cover , but held only 9,200 oaken pollards. At this time it was known to stretch as far as Streatham from Croydon. Much timber was taken from the woodlands for use in the Royal Dockyard at Deptford as well for charcoal burning and building purposes. Much of the surviving woodlands were cleared and developed as a result of the 1797 Croydon Inclosure Act and sale of the late Lord Thurlow's estates in 1806, although some substantial fragments remain, notably the nature reserves at Dulwich Wood and Sydenham Hill Wood.
|
|
The origin of the name, which also appears as Catsdean,For instance in the Monks Risborough Inclosure Award of 1839. is doubtful and it is not known when it was first used.It is not mentioned in Mawer & Stenton: The Place Names of Buckinghamshire published by the Place Names Society in 1925, nor in Eilert Ekwall: The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Place Names (4th edition 1960), nor in the Cambridge Dictionary of English Place Names. If it dates back to Anglo-Saxon times, when most of the other local place names first appeared, it probably meant 'Valley frequented by wild cats'.
|
|
Two parishes mentioned in the 1844 Act had been subject to this procedure: Stratton Audley in Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire (1770), and Farndish in Northamptonshire and Bedfordshire (1800). On the other hand, an Inclosure Act could leave such county boundary anomalies alone -and so they would appear as ghost field strips on the map, overlaying the hedged fields of the parliamentary enclosure. Pirton in Bedfordshire was enclosed in 1818,Agar, N: Behind the Plough 2005 p. 29 but the field-strip Bedfordshire exclaves of Shillington survived in this way to be dealt with by the 1844 Act.
|
|
A stream flowing from two springs on Benyon's Inclosure joins on the left bank as it passes under Church Road, at which point it has already descended to Above Ordnance Datum (AOD). The course of another Roman road crosses at Lovegrove's Farm and it is joined by another stream, draining from Hundred Acre Piece, a large area of woodland to the north. It passes under Turk's Lane, and as it turns to the south, it forms the county boundary between Hamsphire and Berkshire. After passing through Tanhouse Bridge, carrying Pitfield Lane over the river, it joins Foudry Brook on its left bank.
|
|
The tenants also had an incentive to improve their methods to succeed in an increasingly competitive labour market. Land rents had moved away from the previous stagnant system of custom and feudal obligation, and were becoming directly subject to economic market forces. An important aspect of this process of change was the enclosure"Enclosure" is the modern spelling, while "inclosure" is an older spelling still used in the United Kingdom in legal documents and place names. of the common land previously held in the open field system where peasants had traditional rights, such as mowing meadows for hay and grazing livestock.
|
|
After inclosure of the parish in 1778, Arthur Young, despite never having visited the village, described Bolnhurst as: :a wet heavy bad country very disadvantageously circumstanced respecting roads, for every way around they are almost impassable... after inclosing fell into bad hands, they laid much of it down to grass in as bad order as possible, and it has continued so ever since in as rough and ill conditioned and unprofitable a state as can be well conceived... It should seem that corn has there been lessened without making amends for the loss by ample products of new grass.
|
|
In the 16th century the rectory let as a farm produced nearly £18 a year clear. By 1650 it was worth c. £150 (a year) and remained about the same until inclosure (privatisation of common land) in 1765 and 1766 when in return for loss of its imputed interests the rectory (rector's successive estate) received glebe of of that land. The annual value of the benefice rose to over £500 a year in 1864, , since which it has in real terms waned due to economic changes and a loss of public functions' supervision, such as to Cotswold District council and central government.
|
|
According to the temporal reconstruction of the early vitae by Daniel Stiernon, Joseph founded a monastery dedicated to his deceased mentor, Gregory of Dekapolis, in 855. Joseph started with an inclosure together with his and Gregory's disciple John at St. Antipas. After the latter's death in 850, he spent some years in a kind of sanctuary dedicated to St. John Chrysostom, where he continued his ascetic labors and attracted followers. Joseph transferred the relics taken from Gregory's corpse, together with those from their disciple named John,The earliest hagiographic sources are not clear to which saint the relics do really belong.
|
|
Early 21st-century houses in Northwood Hills Northwood Hills includes Haste Hill and is separated by green buffers on almost all sides, though touches Eastbury Village to the south and had a population of 11,441 in 2008 according to the Office for National Statistics. The land on which Northwood Hills, Haste Hill Golf Club and most of Northwood now stand was once the Great Common Wood. This covered in the 16th century, which residents would use for grazing their livestock and collecting firewood. Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury achieved inclosure from Parliament and sold of the wood in 1608 for £4000.
|
|
An Inclosure Award was made by Parliament in 1855 of part to the Earl of Onslow outright, the rest, for example, in 1911 comprising "several thousand acres of common land" was uninclosed but associated with his land, at which time Chobham remained a large parish (i.e. village or town) in southern England, covering . In addition to the Great Camp of 1853, the Common also hosted the Battle of Chobham Common in September 1871, as part of the Autumn Manoeuvres of that year. During the First World War, trenching exercises were held in August 1915 in advance of Kitchener's Third Army's mobilisation in France.
|
|
"Foston", Open Domesday, University of Hull. Retrieved 25 December 2018 In 1872 White's Directory reported that Foston had a population of 329 within a parish of , the land of which largely belonged to the Earl of Dysart. The ecclesiastical parish was a joint benefice with Long Bennington under the patronage of Queen Victoria. The impropriator was the Earl of Dysart, but the tithes (tax income from parishioners derived from their profit on sales, or extraction of produce and animals, typically to the tenth part) were commuted after an enclosure of 1793 [under the 1773 Inclosure Act].
|
|
Hannah Maria named her son, John Francis Carr in memory of her brother. John Carr of York, John Carr, Hannah Maria and a granddaughter are all buried in the same vault in St Peter and St Leonard's Church, Horbury. The Marsden family held the Lord of the Manor of nearby Bolton on Dearne with Goldthorpe and benefited from the 1761-1767 Inclosure Awards, gaining further land from several of the village commons (Carr, Bolton on Dearne and Goldthorpe among others). The family continued to live mostly in Burntwood, though they had several smaller estates including Newhall, and Kettlethorpe Hall for 150 years.
|
|
There are also of arable land to the said estate, as its proportion of break from the Forest. Mapperley is a very pleasant situation, near Sherwood Forest, in a fine sporting country and is entitled to a common right, without stint on the said Forest.Nottingham Journal 14 November 1772 To judge from the land awarded as a result of the Basford Enclosure Act of 1792, ‘Mapperley’, at this time, meant all that area bounded by Redcliffe Road, Mansfield Road, Private Road and Woodborough Road.Nottinghamshire Archives Office, EA 131/2/1: Basford Inclosure Award, 1797 It is thought that the banker, John Smith, bought the advertised Mapperley estate.
|
|
The area is part of the Chiltern Hills and popular with people who work in London due to its proximity to road (junction 3 of the M40 motorway at Loudwater) and rail (Mainline rail at Beaconsfield and London Underground at Amersham) links into the city. Penn remains home to Earl Howe of the Penn-Curzon-Howe dynasty, which gained more wealth through the Inclosure Acts, which gave legal property rights to land previously in communal use. In 1855, ownership of Common Wood and Penn Wood passed to the 1st Earl Howe, forcing many local people and their livestock off the land. This caused general unrest within the community.
|
|
Byway in Bucklebury Common Bucklebury Common is an elevated common consisting of woodland with a few relatively small clearings in the English county of Berkshire, within the civil parish of Bucklebury centred northeast of Thatcham and encircling the settled localities of Upper Bucklebury and Chapel Row. It is one of the largest commons in Southern England covering . Since Inclosure the area is privately owned by the Bucklebury Manor estate, but has public access on a network of public rights of way bolstered by the Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000. The Berkshire, Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire Wildlife Trust assists with management of the estate.
|
|
In the 13th century the verderers were originally a court that was authorised by The Crown to deal with minor offences taking place within the Sovereign's Forest. Their powers were enlarged in the 17th and 18th centuries to enable the Court to deal with trespassers, and acts such as breaking inclosure fences which were detrimental to the planting and preservation of oak for shipbuilding. Under the New Forest Act of 1887 the Court was placed on a statutory basis, with the verderers becoming responsible for commoners, common rights, and the Forest landscape. The New Forest Act of 1949 gave the verderers additional powers to make and amend byelaws.
|
|
Paper making and sewing needle scouring were two major trades in the village in times past. The earliest reference to paper-making at Aston Cantlow occurs in the inclosure award of 1743, from which it appears that there must have been a mill near the junction of the Alne and Silesbourne Brook. Thomas Fruin of Aston Cantlow, paper-maker, is recorded in 1768 in the Abstracts of Title for Stratford on Avon, About 1799 the mill near the church was converted into a paper-mill by Henry Wrighton, trade directories show that this family carried on the business until about 1845–50. Afterwards the mill was used by Messrs.
|
|
The powers granted in the Inclosure Act were often abused by landowners: the preliminary meetings where enclosure was discussed, intended to be held in public, were often made in the presence of only the local landowners. They regularly chose their own solicitors, surveyors and Commissioners to decide on each case. In 1774, Parliament added an amendment to the Act under the Standing Orders that every petition for enclosure had to be affixed to the door of the local church for three consecutive Sundays in August or September. The Act eventually limited the amount of traffic on culverted paths as they often fell within land that was to be enclosed.
|
|
After inclosure the White Hart, occupying a new grey brick house, was opened at Home End. In the early 19th century they were taken over, following bankruptcies, by Cambridge breweries. Several others were opened from the 1830s, nine in all by 1858, some in new built premises, including one near the station from 1859, when there were four public and six beer houses. Their clubrooms accommodated friendly societies such as a Lodge of Oddfellows set up in 1846, called the 'Loyal Townley' after the squire, and from the 1880s to the 1920s a branch of the Ancient Shepherds. There were 10–11 licensed premises, one for every 120 inhabitants, c.
|
|
The central process for and secret behind primitive accumulation involved the expropriation of agricultural lands and any form of wealth from the population of commoners by the capitalists which typically was characterized by brutal and violent struggles between the two opposing classes. Since the peasantry was not subjected to the laws of feudalism any longer, they were ultimately freed from their lords and the land to assimilate into this new mode of production as a wage laborer. As a result, every freed proletariat had only their labor power to sell to the bourgeoisie to meet their needs to simply survive. Marx refers to the Inclosure Act 1489,Act of Henry VII.
|
|
The ramparts were rebuilt and strengthened while the embankment was turned into a defensive wall that reached 10 meters in width. The former sacred inclosure was maintained, so was the temple of Ninhursag. However, the temples of Ninni- Zaza and Ishtarat disappeared, while a new temple called the "temple of lions" (dedicated to Dagan), was built by the Shakkanakku Ishtup-Ilum and attached to it, was a rectangular terrace that measured 40 x 20 meters for sacrifices. Akkad disintegrated during Shar-Kali-Sharri's reign, and Mari gained its independence, but the use of the Shakkanakku title continued during the following Third Dynasty of Ur period.
|
|
In the 19th century, in common with many other English towns, Cambridge expanded rapidly, due in part to increased life expectancy and improved agricultural production leading to increased trade in town markets. The Inclosure Acts of 1801 and 1807 enabled the town to expand over surrounding open fields and in 1912 and again in 1935 its boundaries were extended to include Chesterton, Cherry Hinton, and Trumpington. The railway came to Cambridge in 1845 after initial resistance, with the opening of the Great Eastern Railway's London to Norwich line. The station was outside the town centre following pressure from the university to restrict travel by undergraduates.
|
|
While reasonable when compared to the 20th century, prices in the 15th century changed very little, and the European economy was shaken by the so-called price revolution. Spain, which along with England was Europe's only producer of wool, initially benefited from the rapid growth. However, like in England, there began in Spain an inclosure movement that stifled the growth of food and depopulated whole villages whose residents were forced to move to cities. The higher inflation, the burden of the Habsburgs' wars and the many customs duties dividing the country and restricting trade with the Americas, stifled the growth of industry that may have provided an alternative source of income in the towns.
|
|
See also List of Los Angeles municipal election returns, 1931, 1933 Coe was appointed to the Police Commission by Mayor John C. Porter in May 1929. He served for two years until his election to the City Council from the 11th District in 1931. It was "A scattered area, due to its inclosure of county territory. Its eastern boundary is La Brea Avenue, its north boundary is Pico Boulevard, its southern boundary the city limits and its western boundary the ocean.""District Lines Get Approval," Los Angeles Times, December 24, 1932, page 2 He and Charles W. Dempster were nominated in the primary over J.C. Barthel, the incumbent, who ran in the final election as a write-in.
|
|
Woodgreen was originally an extra-parochial area of the New Forest, reckoned as part of Godshill tithing.Victoria County History of Hampshire: Fordingbridge The settlement has been known as Woodgreen since the mid 17th century.Woodgreen, Old Hampshire Gazetteer The "Wood" is Godshill Inclosure which separates the village from the rest of the New Forest; "Green" is a common name in southern England for a secondary settlement. The civil parish of Woodgreen consisting of just 47 acres was created in 1858.Relationships / unit history of WOODGREEN, A Vision of Britain through Time, retrieved, 2 October 2011 In 1932 the parish was much enlarged with the addition of 166 acres from Breamore parish and 175 acres from Hale parish.
|
|
Until the early 20th century, much of West Grimstead was owned by landed gentry and was part of larger estates. There are early references to the De Grimstede family, the village passing from them through the male line first to the Perots, then to the Berkeleys; next through the female line to the Breretons; again by the male line to Sir William Compton of Compton Wynyates. West Grimstead was then sold by Richard Compton to Sir Stephen Fox, later Earl of Ilchester. West Grimstead remained part of the Ilchester estate through the 18th century until it was sold to the 2nd Earl of Radnor in 1801 at the time of the parish's Inclosure Act.
|
|
The parish of Tetworth (red) in relation to Huntingdonshire (pink), Cambridgeshire (yellow) and Bedfordshire (green) 1844–1965 Originally a hamlet in the parish of Everton, Bedfordshire (where the population was in 2011 included), Tetworth has a complicated administrative history. The hamlet, which was considered a civil parish separate from Everton from the Inclosure Award of 1802, was in two distinct parts. The northern part was in Huntingdonshire, the southern partly an exclave of Huntingdonshire and partly of Bedfordshire. The Counties (Detached Parts) Act 1844 assigned the Bedfordshire part to Huntingdonshire, so that the entire southern section became an outlier of Huntingdonshire, separated from the rest of the county by a salient of Cambridgeshire.
|
|
Bockhampton Manor House was built in the 16th Century by Thomas Blagrave (and subsequently rebuilt in the 17th and 18th Centuries) and absorbed the three old manors of East Bockhampton, West Bockhampton and Hoppeshortland. The village was uprooted and the land enclosed in 1776 thanks to the 1773 Inclosure Act, as sheep farming proved to be more profitable than tillage. There is a road sign for Bockhampton on the Newbury Road pointing down Bockhampton Road towards the old site of the village in the sheep pasture next to the electric substation. Footpath to Lambourn, Bockhampton would have been in the field directly ahead of the path, to the left of the substation.
|
|
The Battle of Towton was associated with a tradition previously upheld in the village of Tysoe, Warwickshire. For several centuries a local farmer had scoured a hill figure, the Red Horse of Tysoe, each year, as part of the terms of his land tenancy. While the origins of the tradition have never been conclusively identified, it was locally claimed this was done to commemorate the Earl of Warwick's inspirational deed of slaying his horse to show his resolve to stand and fight with the common soldiers. The tradition died in 1798 when the Inclosure Acts implemented by the English government redesignated the common land, on which the equine figure was located, as private property.
|
|
Currie bought a substantial property, Horsley Towers, at East Horsley, in 1784 although it was not until 1820 that he commissioned Sir Charles Barry to build a second manor house in the Elizabethan style on the site.View of Horsley TowersThe Gentleman's Magazine, Volume 99, 1829 In 1792, an Inclosure Act enabled him to enclose most of Horsley Common at the northern end of the parish and the common fields and waste at the southern part. He created an open park, grubbing up hedges, but leaving trees standing and planting others. He restored the church of St Martin,St Martin's Church East Horsley established a school and improved or rebuilt most of the houses in the village.
|
|
The court decided to appoint commissioners to divide up Ashdown Forest's in a way that would meet the needs of both defendants and plaintiffs. The commissioners made their award on 9 July 1693. They set aside , mostly in the vicinity of farms and villages, as common land, where the commoners were granted sole right of pasturage and the right to cut birch, alder and willow (but no other trees). The commoners were however excluded forever from the rest of the forest, about 55 per cent of its area, which was assigned for "inclosure and improvement" (though substantial areas had already been enclosed by then, so in such cases the decree was merely confirming the status quo).
|
|
Two hundred years later the shape of the hamlet, composed of a few farms and dwellings scattered along the Rickmansworth road, had altered little except for the addition of Holy Trinity church. Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury had of Ruislip cleared of forest. Northwood, however, elevated and separated from the rest of the parish by a belt of woodland, took until the 19th century to form a village — in the manor of St. Catherine's were inclosed under the first Middlesex Inclosure Act in 1769 privatizing land which lay west of Ducks Hill Road, including West Wood (now Mad Bess Wood) which was common ground. A further of Ruislip parish were inclosed in 1804.
|
|
On his marriage Bouverie bought Delapré Abbey for £22,000Forgotten History of Northamptonshire: The Bouverie’s of Delapre Abbey – Northampton Herald & Post from Sir Charles Hardy, Governor of New York, the husband of the Mary Tate, the last of the Tate family, who had owned the estate since their purchase of the former nunnery on its dissolution. At home Edward worked to develop the Delapré estate. In 1765/6 he enclosed the open fields at Hardingstone, making him one of the pioneers of the early inclosure movement in Northamptonshire.Hunsbury Hill Centre Northampton – Historical Report In the early 1770s Hunsbury Hill farm, which was part of the estate and an early model farm, was built.
|
|
The area now covered by the town of Burgess Hill was, until the mid-19th century, rural common land that straddled the boundary of the parishes of Clayton and Keymer. The area developed as a settlement after the inclosure act for Keymer's part of St John's Common passed on 18 April 1828 was implemented, and the London and Brighton Railway Company opened its line from a temporary terminus at to on 21 September 1841. The line passed through the area of St John's Common and the company opened Burgess Hill railway station on the same day. The railway stimulated residential development and the Keymer Brick and Tile Works, already well-established as Burgess Hill's main industry, was able to expand its sales.
|
|
There was an impasse until 1861: the land reserved for the church turned out to be too far away from where the town centre had developed, and even when a landowner offered of undeveloped land in the town centre free of charge, agreement was not reached. A group of landowners in Clayton parish was so angry at the proposal to move the church away from the site set by the inclosure act award that they took out a newspaper advertisement in July 1861 protesting against any change to this plan. They were ultimately unsuccessful, and building of the church began on the donated land. Thomas Talbot Bury had been commissioned to design it, and a building firm from Chichester submitted the successful bid for the building work.
|
|
The Lake Lock Rail Road Company was formed in 1796 with the capital being raised from 128 shares. These were purchased by a broad range of people including a lawyer, banker, doctor, clergyman, merchant and widow. The initial route opened to traffic in 1798, pre-dating the Surrey Iron Railway by five years, it is thus the world's first public railway. The line was built to allow many independent users to haul wagons along the line on payment of a toll, so whilst other railways pre-dated the Lake Lock Railroad, its act of 1793 under the Wakefield Inclosure Act, meant that its status was defined as being public from the outset (unlike the nearby Middleton Railway, which was a private railway).
|
|
The Lodge, by Mansfield Road. Built in 1857 by Henry Moses Wood as the Lodge to the racecourse The name "Forest" derives comes from medieval times when the land that is now a recreation ground was part of the Sherwood Forest that once extended from the city of Nottingham to the north of Nottinghamshire. The site was the southernmost part of Sherwood Forest and was part of the open area known formerly as "The Lings" which, largely covered by gorse and scrub, extended into the parishes of Lenton, Radford and Basford. The site of the Forest was one of the original areas to be protected in perpetuity by the 1845 Nottingham Inclosure Act, which set aside some of Sherwood Forest for public recreational use.
|
|
And inclosure 3 in No. 1. The news of the incident that sparked the Dervish rebellion and the 21 years disturbance according to the consul-general James Hayes Sadler was either spread or as he alleged was concocted by Sultan Nur of the Habr Yunis. The incident in question was that of a group of Somali children that were converted to Christianity and adopted by the French Catholic Mission at Berbera in 1899. Whether Sultan Nur experienced the incident first hand or whether he was told of it is not clear but what is known is that he propagated the incident in the Tariqa at Kob Fardod in June 1899 precipitating the religious rebellion that later morphed into the Somali Dervish.
|
|
Although there are no known references to Charminster before 1805, the name and settlement predate the nearby districts of Springbourne and Winton by several decades. The first known reference to the district comes in the Christchurch Inclosure Award of 1805, in which a 'Charminster Lane' is cited, along with two plots of land called 'Charminster' in the possession of Matthew Aldridge, the owner of Muscliff Farm.M. Stead, Charminster (Bournemouth Library, 2008), p. 1. The earliest reference to any inhabitants comes in the 1841 census, in which three families are listed at Charminster: Paul Fletcher, a tinker (with his wife and seven children); John Burridge, a bricklayer (with his wife and four children); and Richard Watton, a labourer (with his wife and ten children).
|
|
Palisades or pickets were set from the Muskingum River eastward, meeting in the northeast corner of the fortification with another line of pickets built from the Ohio River northward, enclosing about four acres. > Three block houses were immediately built: one on the Muskingum bank, at the > western termination of the pickets; one in the northeast corner of the > inclosure; and one on the Ohio bank. Near to the latter, and by that on the > Muskingum, were strong gates, of a size to admit teams, the approaches to > which were commanded by the block houses. These block houses were surmounted > by sentry boxes, or turrets, the sides of which were secured with thick > planks for the defense of the men when on guard.
|
|
Just over half of it - in portions of widely varying sizes, but with the largest ones tending to be located towards the centre of the forest - is allotted for 'inclosure and improvement' by private interests. The rest is retained as common land for use by those local landowners and tenants who possess rights of common. 1881 - the commoners of Ashdown Forest reach a successful conclusion to their defence of a lawsuit brought by the Lord of the Manor which contested the nature and extent of their rights of common on the forest (known as the "Great Ashdown Forest Case"). 1885 - an Act of Parliament introduces bye-laws to regulate and protect the forest, and a Board of Conservators is established.
|
|
Heathrow or Heath Row was a wayside hamlet along a minor country lane called Heathrow Road in the ancient parish of Harmondsworth, Middlesex, England, on the outskirts of what is now Greater London. Its buildings and all associated holdings were demolished, along with almost all of the often grouped locality of The Magpies in 1944 for the construction of Heathrow Airport. The name Heathrow described its layout: a lane, on one side smallholdings and farms of fields and orchards which ran for a little over a , on the other, until the 1819 Inclosure for farmland, common land: a mixture of pasture, hunting and foraging land on less fertile heath. Akin to Sipson Green it was a scattered agricultural locality of Harmondsworth.
|
|
An indenture of 1662 shows "land lying up on a green called Woodside Green". The Croydon Inclosure Map of 1800 shows an area "Woodside Green". In 1871, the Ecclesiastical Commissioners granted 'copyhold' to the Croydon Local Board of Health upon condition that it should be appropriated by the Board: ::"to be forever kept as an open space and used as, and for, a place of recreation for the use of inhabitants of the parish of Croydon and of the neighbourhood and for no other purpose". Four months later, the Commissioners, passed the freehold of the land to the board "freed from all incidents whatsoever of copyhold or customary tenure to be held and used for the purpose of public walks, recreation or pleasure grounds only".
|
|
At Longford they lined both sides of the Bath Road from the east bank of the Longford River up to and across the Duke of Northumberland's River. The uncultivated area west of the rivers was to the north known as Harmondsworth moors, south of the Bath Road the area between the Colne and the Longford rivers was meadowland and, between the Longford and the Duke's rivers, arable. Parliament's Act of common land inclosure (privatisation) came to Harmondsworth parish in 1819; in it Harmondsworth's three open fields and Harmondsworth Moor and a big tract to and around Heathrow (part of Hounslow Heath) were divided among the local residents. During this Enclosure two bad bends of the Bath Road in Longford were straightened.
|
|
The drawing was > much facilitated by a few inches of snow, which covered the ground. The > pickets were made of quartered oak timber, growing on the plain back of the > garrison, formed from trees about a foot in diameter, fourteen feet in > length, and set four feet deep in the ground, leaving them ten feet high, > over which no enemy could mount without a ladder. The smooth side was set > outward, and the palisades strengthened and kept in their places by stout > ribbons, or wall pieces, pinned to them with inch treenails on the inside. > The spaces between the houses were filled up with pickets, and occupied > three or four times the width of the houses, forming a continuous wall, or > inclosure, about eighty rods in length and six rods wide.
|
|
This reflect directly the division of the Forest that was made in the late 17th century by Duchy of Lancaster commissioners who had been appointed to settle a long-standing dispute over rights of common on the Forest, which had culminated in a lawsuit against 133 commoners. In 1693 the commissioners allotted more than half the 13,991 acres of ancient forest exclusively for 'inclosure and improvement' by private interests, but reserved the remainder, 6,400 acres, as common land. Much of the latter was spread in fragments around the periphery of the Forest close to existing settlements. Although the Lord of the Manor still held the freehold of the common land, his rights to exploit it were very restricted; for example, only the commoners now had the right to graze livestock there.
|
|
The ridge and furrow patterns of Chacombe's former open field system can be traced in much of the parish, particularly from the air. The common fields were enclosed long before the 18th century and without a parliamentary Inclosure Act. In about 1720 John Bridges wrote that the whole lordship [of Chacombe] was then enclosed and had been so "for near a 100 years"., citing From 1605 until 1785 the Bagley family of Chacombe were bellfounders, casting more than 440 bells for churches in England including the four 1694 bells in Chacombe parish church. Master- founders at Chacombe included Henry I Bagley (active 1630–1684), Matthew I Bagley (active 1679–1690), Henry II Bagley (active 1679–1703), William Bagley (active 1687–1712), Henry III Bagley (active 1706–1746) and Matthew III Bagley (active 1740–1782).
|
|
Harvesting peat at Westhay, September 1905 The Somerset Levels have been occupied since the Neolithic period, around 6,000 years ago, when people exploited the reed swamps for their natural resources and started to construct wooden trackways such as the Sweet and Post Tracks,Williams & Williams (1992) pp. 35–38. and they were the site of salt extraction during the Romano-British period. Much of the landscape was owned by the church in the Middle Ages when substantial areas were drained and the rivers diverted, but the raised bogs remained largely intact. Only the Inclosure Acts of the 18th century, mostly between 1774 and 1797, led to significant draining of the peat bogs, although the River Brue still regularly flooded the reclaimed land in winter.Havinden (1982) pp. 135–136.
|
|
Former peat workings, now part of the reserve The Somerset Levels have been occupied since the Neolithic period, around 6,000 years ago, when people exploited the reed swamps for resources and started to construct wooden trackways such as the Sweet and Post Tracks,Williams & Williams (1992) pp. 35–38. and they were the site of salt extraction during the Romano-British period. Much of the landscape was owned by the church in the Middle Ages when substantial areas were drained and the rivers diverted, but the raised bogs remained largely intact. Only the Inclosure Acts of the 18th century, mostly between 1774 and 1797, led to significant draining of the peat bogs, although the River Brue still regularly flooded the reclaimed land in winter.Havinden (1982) pp. 135–136.
|
|
New Forest pony Cow eating winter feed, Longdown Inclosure Forest laws were enacted to preserve the New Forest as a location for royal deer hunting, and interference with the king's deer and its forage was punished. But the inhabitants of the area (Commoners) had pre-existing rights of common: to turn horses and cattle (but only rarely sheep) out into the Forest to graze (common pasture), to gather fuel wood (estovers), to cut peat for fuel (turbary), to dig clay (marl), and to turn out pigs between September and November to eat fallen acorns and beechnuts (pannage or mast). There were also licences granted to gather bracken after Michaelmas Day (29 September) as litter for animals (fern). Along with grazing, pannage is still an important part of the Forest's ecology.
|
|
In 1883, to prevent further loss of Common lands arising from the Inclosure Acts, the Corporation of London (under provisions of the Corporation of London (Open Spaces) Act, 1878), purchased from Squire Byron (Lord of the Manor of Coulsdon) Farthing Downs, Coulsdon Common and Kenley Common, to add to the earlier purchase of Riddlesdown Common. The London Borough of Croydon own and maintain several parks, including Happy Valley, which, together with Farthing Downs, is designated is a Site of Special Scientific Interest.Natural England, Farthing Downs and Happy Valley citation Rickman Hill Park is the highest public park in London, at 155 metres above sea level. A memorial park and recreation ground was purchased from the Byrons by Coulsdon & Purley Urban District Council and Hall & Co Ltd in 1920, it was opened in 1921.
|
|
A greater use of banknotes, more traceable than gold coins, also made life more difficult for robbers,Spraggs, Gillian: Outlaws and Highwaymen: the Cult of the Robber in England from the Middle Ages to the Nineteenth Century, p. 234. Pimlico, 2001. but the Inclosure Act'The Enclosure Acts and the Industrial Revolution', Wendy McElroy, 2012 of 1773 was followed by a sharp decline in highway robberies; stone walls falling over the open range like a net, confined the escaping highwaymen to the roads themselves, which now had walls on both sides and were better patrolled. The dramatic population increase which began with the Industrial Revolution also meant, quite simply, that there were more eyes around, and the concept of remote place became a thing of the past in England.
|
|
Peel in 1806 by a Mr. Thomas Corrin - an eccentric gentleman. Inscribed on one of the pillars: "Corrin's Pillar, 1850. This pillar was erected six feet distant from the base of this mount, and within the inclosure, upon its top rest the mortal remains of Alice Corrin and her two beloved children. This pillar, tower, and mount, were erected by Thomas Corrin, to perpetuate her memory until reanimated by the power of God." On the Isle of Man, the name's first appearance appeared in the Parish Registers as Makory sometime in 1290 A.D. In 1293, a document concerning the "Outlawry of Donekan MacToryn" was presented to the Scottish lordships in a trial on IOM. The outlawry was considered to be "an error" in judgment and was officially annulled from the Kingdom of Scotland on the 28th of June, 1293.
|
|
Under the power of the Inclosure Act dating back to William IV, the overseer of any parish had the power to enclose waste or common land, less than , lying in or near the parish. Under the Act, the parish then had to cultivate and improve such waste land for the use and benefit of the parish, and also had the power to let such enclosed land in allotments to the inhabitants of the parish to be cultivated on their own account. Taking advantage of this Act, the churchwardens and overseers of Battersea enclosed about of Latchmoor Common and let it out in allotments at a low rental, to the residents of the parish, for the cultivation of vegetables. At the start of the seventeenth century, the allotments were flourishing and Battersea had become famous for its market gardening.
|
|
The road from Princes Risborough to Aylesbury (now the A4010 and called the Aylesbury Road) passes through the middle of the parish, and was made a Turnpike Road under a private Act of Parliament of 1795, which created a Turnpike Trust to be responsible for the maintenance and improvement of the road from Ellesborough to West WycombeThe private Act is 35 Geo III c.149 There were barriers at places along the road where vehicles had to stop and tolls were collected. One toll gate and adjoining toll booth was in Monks Risborough near the boundary with Princes Risborough.The map annexed to the Inclosure Award of 1839 shows a small building (possibly a hut) on the right of the road, coming from Princes Risborough, at about the place where the road signs for Monks and Princes Risborough now stand.
|
|
Waterlooville contains ten primary schools: Morelands Primary School, Meadowlands Junior and Infants School, Padnell Infants and Junior School, Hart Plain Infants and Junior schools, Springwood Infant School (formerly Stakes Hill Infant School), Springwood Junior School (formerly Hulbert Junior School), Mill Hill Primary School (formerly Waite End Infants and Waite End Junior School and Waite End Primary School), Purbrook Infant and Junior Schools, Queens Inclosure Primary and St. Peter's Catholic Primary. Two new two form entry primary schools are to be built in the new housing development area situated off the Maurepas Roundabout. The first of these is scheduled to open in September 2014 with a possible Year R only intake depending on the number of children needing places. It contains five secondary schools: Horndean Technology College, The Cowplain School, Oaklands Catholic School, Purbrook Park School and Crookhorn College.
|
|
After the Inclosure Acts the house was bought, with the accompanying farm and about , the remaining portion of the former Royal Forest belonging to the Crown Estate, by John Knight of Worcestershire in 1818 for the sum of £50,000. Knight set about converting the Royal Forest, now known as Exmoor National Park, into agricultural land. He and especially his son Frederick, who assumed management in 1841, erected most of the large farms in the central section of the moor and built of metalled access roads to Simonsbath. He built a wall around his estate, much of which still survives. Shortly after 1879 Hugh Fortescue, 4th Earl Fortescue (1854–1932) of nearby Castle Hill, Filleigh in Devon, Master of the Devon and Somerset Staghounds 1880/81–87, acquired the reversion of the whole of the former Royal Forest of Exmoor after the death of Frederick Winn Knight.
|
|
A Rumnichal 'Atchin Tan' or Romani Site as they are known in English Horses on show at Appleby Fair, England, Europe's largest Romani Horse Fair The Enclosure Act of 1857 created the offence of injury or damage to village greens and interruption to its use or enjoyment as a place of exercise and recreation. The Commons Act 1876 makes encroachment or inclosure of a village green, and interference with or occupation of the soil unlawful unless it is with the aim of improving enjoyment of the green. The Caravan Sites and Control of Development Act 1960 states that no occupier of land shall cause or permit the land to be used as a caravan site unless he is the holder of a site licence. It also enables a district council to make an order prohibiting the stationing of caravans on common land, or a town or village green.
|
|
In a majority of parishes there is a vicar and crucially the historic university college or other rectory-owning major landowner only sold their land free from tithe under the Tithe Acts so they, or more commonly, the local church, bears the liability for the local chancel. In a minority of parishes a rector persists and his/her predecessors in that role never sold any land, as permitted after 1836, while granting the new owners the right to levy a rentcharge, automatically co-opting all successors to that land to potential liability for the chancel, or conducted a similar sale with a "merger of tithes", or saw part of an inclosure act swap glebe for common. In liable ecclesiastical parishes, only a minority have exercised their rights to apportion the cost of chancel repairs among the affected landowners, despite the common nature of checks and insurance.
|
|
Edwards (pp.1–3) During the latter half of the 16th century James Blount, 6th Baron Mountjoy, began mining for alum in the area, and at one time part of the heath was used for hunting, although by the late 18th century little evidence of either event remained.Ashley and Ashley (p.31)Edwards (pp.2 & 27) No-one lived at the mouth of the Bourne river and the only regular visitors to the area before the 19th century were a few fishermen, turf cutters and gangs of smugglers.Edwards (pp.4 & 38) Photochrom of Invalids' Walk, 1890s Prior to the Christchurch Inclosures Act 1802, more than 70% of the Westover area was common land. The act, together with the Inclosure Commissioners' Award of 1805, transferred into the hands of five private owners, including James Harris, 1st Earl of Malmesbury, and Sir George Ivison Tapps.Andrews & Henson (p.
|
|
The only known archaeological excavation at Castlerigg was carried out by W K Dover in 1882, one year before the site was scheduled. His excavation targeted the internal rectangular enclosure at the eastern side of the circle and his account of his excavation is brief and hidden within details of a day trip to the circle on 5 October 1882, by members of the Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society, which was published in 1883:Dover, W K (1883) TCWAAS VI, 505. > Prior to the visit of the Society some excavations had been made under the > superintendence of Mr. W Kinsey Dover, with the view of finding whether the > subsoil would disclose anything that might lead to some conclusion as to the > age or object of the circle. The following is Mr. Dover’s report: Length of > inclosure within the Keswick stone circle, 22 feet, east and west; breadth, > 11 feet, north and south.
|
|
Under the First Wilson ministry's Commons Registration Act 1965 (CRA), a task and duty was given to top level local authorities to log and register all Common Land within England & Wales to ensure continued protection for public benefit and to mitigate the effects of 19th century inclosure resulting in perennial court claims of ownership by the aristocracy and other landowners to pieces of common land, even where used as such by the common people of a parish. The common was registered with registration number is CL 121 at Surrey County Council. Under the CRA section 9, having unclear ownership, most of which was possessed in common by its users, the land became subject to the protection of the local authority (Woking Borough Council).Commons Registration Act Decision Letter dated 18 October 1997 - Association of Commons Registration AuthoritiesPlanning Inspectorate Decision Notice providing evidence of Registration Number - Uk Government website There are no pinpointed common rights such as taking of grass, berries or grazing recorded in the official register.
|
|
Foreign Department-External-B, August 1899, N. 33-234, NAI, New Delhi, Inclosure 1, No. 1 Report by Dragoman Deria Magan Another letter from the mullahs at Kob Fardod arrived at the coast on May 3, 1899, this letter had an overall beseeching neutral tone. The mullahs pleaded with the administration not to escalate the manner and pleaded to be left alone; but what is noteworthy in this letter is that the followers of the tariqa and its leaders now declared that they were a government with their own Emir, Sultan and subject. It is unknown when exactly the tribal followers of the Kob Fardod tariqa and their leaders adopted the term "dervish", but the general time was at the end of April 1899. Sadler, updating the colonial office, sent the following updates on the progress of the movement in mid-June 1899; Sultan Nur returned to his country at the end of June 1899 after more than three months sojourn in Kob Fardod.
|
|
St. Helen's parish church is about east of the Chequers, well away from any houses, and at the dead end of a lane which is the surviving part of Keame's Hedge Way, an ancient track closed in the 19th century as part of the Inclosure process, which joined the east–west route along Hollandtide Bottom just north of the church. Christine Holmes, in Benson: A Village Through its History identifies a "straight Roman road running east from Dorchester along which the churches of Shirburn, Pyrton, Cuxham, Brightwell Baldwin, Berrick Salome and Warborough all lie".Holmes, C, in This road would have run through Hollandtide Bottom from Berrick to Brightwell. It has been suggested that, when St Helen's was built, there may have been houses grouped around the church, and that the village centre may have moved later to the junction where the track along Hollandtide Bottom meets routes to Chalgrove, Newington, Warborough, and Benson.
|
|
The Bay Horse Inn, which has been a public house in the village since at least 1857 The anchoress Margaret Kirkby was born in the village, possibly in 1322. John Leland, and many others since, have described Ravensworth as a "pretty" village. There were a number of skirmishes in the area during the Civil War, and the region was a Royalist stronghold. As with many English villages, much of the housing stock consists of Grade II listed buildings, dating from the mid to late 17th century onwards. The poet Cuthbert Shaw was born in the village in 1738-9.James Sambrook, ‘Shaw, Cuthbert (1738/9–1771)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 accessed 15 July 2012 The astronomer William Lax was born in the village in 1761, producing A Method of finding the latitude by means of two altitudes of the sun there in 1799.A. M. Clerke, ‘Lax, William (1761–1836)’, rev. Anita McConnell, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 accessed 30 April 2012 There were Inclosure Acts passed for the common fields in 1772–3 and 1776–7.
|
|
This class of charities can be held valid even when it only impacts on a class within a locality, as in Goodman v Saltash Corporation.[1882] 7 App Cas 633 This can apply even when the class "fluctuates", such as in Re Christchurch Inclosure Act,[1888] 38 Ch D 520 where a gift was for the benefit of the inhabitants of a group of cottages, whoever those inhabitants might be.Edwards (2007) p.222 Charitable trusts have historically been invalid if they include "purely recreational pastimes", as in IRC v City of Glasgow Police Athletic Association;[1953] 1 All ER 747 even though the purpose of the charity was to improve the efficiency of the police force, the fact that this included a recreational element invalidated the trust. In response to this case and IRC v Baddely,[1955] AC 572 the Recreational Charities Act 1958 was passed, which provides that "it shall be and be deemed always to have been charitable to provide, or assist in the provision of, facilities for recreation or other leisure-time occupation, if the facilities are provided in the interest of social welfare".
|
|
In 1775 General George Washington stopped in New Rochelle on his way to assume command of the Army of the United Colonies in Massachusetts, recounting: "The road for the greater part, indeed the whole way, but the land strong and well covered with grass and a crop of Indian corn intermixed with Pompions (which were yet ungathered) in the fields... The distance of this day's travel was in which we passed through Eastchester, New Rochelle, Mamaroneck, but as these places (although they have houses of worship in them) are not regularly laid out, they are scarcely to be distinguished from the immediate farms which are very close together and are separated as one inclosure from another is, by fences of stones which are indeed easily made as the country is immensely stony". The British Army briefly occupied sections of New Rochelle and Larchmont in 1776. Following British victory in the Battle of White Plains, New Rochelle became part of a "neutral ground" for General Washington to regroup his troops.New Rochelle On- line After the Revolutionary War ended in 1784, patriot Thomas Paine was given a farm in New Rochelle for his service to the cause of independence.
|
|
At that time, as will be seen below, most of the houses in Roke, but only two in Berrick, fell within Benson parish, and in the same period, as Moreau records, there was an unusual protest against the 'discontinuance and stopping', under the Inclosure Award 1853, of Keame's Hedge Way which provided a short cut for the residents of Roke going to Berrick church. Also unusual is the story Moreau had from the Treasurer of Christ Church, Oxford, about the intervention, in 1853, by the vicar of Beckley, some away, who persuaded Christ Church to buy a plot of land to build a new church at Berrick Littleworth because "the present church at Berwick [sic] is very badly situated for the people at Berwick and very far from Roke". No new church for Berrick was built and control of the land, in Berrick parish, was given to the incumbent of Benson until it was sold over a century later. Perhaps the college preferred not to give control to the then Rector of Berrick, the radical Robert French Laurence, for fear that he would use the land to house the poor (see below: '18th and 19th centuries').
|
|
In 1935, Congress passed a law for the District of Columbia that made it a crime for "any person to invite, entice, persuade, or to address for the purpose of inviting, enticing, or persuading any person or persons...to accompany, to go with, to follow him or her to his or her residence, or to any other house or building, inclosure, or other place, for the purpose of prostitution, or any other immoral or lewd purpose." It imposed a fine of up to $100, up to 90 days in jail, and courts were permitted to "impose conditions" on anyone convicted under this law, including "medical and mental examination, diagnosis and treatment by proper public health and welfare authorities, and such other terms and conditions as the court may deem best for the protection of the community and the punishment, control, and rehabilitation of the defendant." The law went into effect on August 14, 1935. In 1948, Congress enacted the first sodomy law in the District of Columbia, which established a penalty of up to 10 years in prison or a fine of up to $1,000 for sodomy.
|
|