The threat Trump poses is of illiberal policies and, potentially, an illiberal political movement, not autocracy.
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Some now argue that these outcomes—illiberal success in Turkey, illiberal failure in Egypt—were foreseeable, even inevitable.
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As illiberal populism destabilizes the West, Japan's allies and partners see Mr. Abe as a guardian of the international liberal order — despite his own illiberal record at home.
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There, national security is used to justify some illiberal impulses.
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Mr Lilla wants to save liberalism from illiberal identity politics.
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Condemning such an approach as patronising or illiberal is easy.
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Social liberalisation is being pursued by illiberal means, and incoherently.
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Illiberal impulses can be found in many corners of society.
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Sending an illiberal message may drive workers and consumers away.
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Trump's meeting with him lends legitimacy to his illiberal agenda.
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Forced adherence to liberal values can have dangerously illiberal consequences.
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He used to speak more openly of an "illiberal democracy".
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Sadly, hundreds of schools around the country maintain illiberal policies.
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There is a strange comfort in recognizing that for all Trump's illiberal antics, it was the very architecture of American politics, not just the president, that was deeply illiberal and undemocratic in living memory.
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The path from illiberal progress to terror is easy to plot.
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Despite Singapore's illiberal reputation, its LGBT community has a vibrant history.
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Banning swimsuits which do no obvious harm seems more clearly illiberal.
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Truly illiberal tendencies are limited to about 403% of college students.
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Truly illiberal tendencies are limited to about 20% of college students.
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In particular, how far should a liberal society accommodate illiberal immigrants?
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In #Serbia, illiberal "pink washing" wins headlines and praise across Europe.
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Pushing people into a contract without their consent sounds troublingly illiberal.
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Yes, she wants to leave the bureaucratic and illiberal European Union.
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But it is hard to trust polls in these illiberal nations.
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This the ultimate objective of every one of Europe's illiberal democrats.
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Illiberal right-wing populism has emerged as a potent alternative model.
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The illiberal trend Zakaria noted in 1997 has, if anything, accelerated.
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If Democrats embrace Bloomberg's presidential candidacy, it will be evidence that the problem with Trump wasn't that he was a billionaire with illiberal tendencies, but that he was the wrong kind of billionaire with illiberal tendencies.
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Merely because a liberal movement contains some illiberal components doesn't make it fundamentally illiberal; if it did, then slave-owning American founders and bigoted Enlightenment philosophers would have to be booted out of the liberal canon.
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About half the Polish and Hungarian electorates back their illiberal ruling parties.
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His illiberal instincts come out when he's losing, not when he's winning.
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To outsiders, such a decision may appear absurd, if not deeply illiberal.
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Yet Sweden's prostitution laws are surprisingly illiberal—and increasingly being copied elsewhere.
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It is doing so just as illiberal populism is on the rise.
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As the region becomes increasingly illiberal, journalists and opposition politicians are suffering.
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Authoritarianism is popular again, be it under the name of illiberal democracy.
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Why has Hungary embraced an illiberal leader so soon after rejecting communism?
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Is the rise of so-called illiberal democracy threatening the union's cohesion?
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The "democracy" part of Orbán's illiberal democracy is, of course, a sham.
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Trump's a paid-up member of the growing illiberal authoritarian international movement.
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Everywhere you look, the ugliest and most illiberal ideas are gaining purchase.
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Yet "illiberal democracy" fails to capture what is wrong with these regimes.
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Historians may mark that year as when the establishment turned truly illiberal.
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Singapore, put crudely, is an illiberal democracy; Hong Kong a liberal autocracy.
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This approach is not only illiberal, the critics argue, but self-defeating.
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But the movement is taking on a broader meaning in illiberal societies.
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On the side of thick identity are found both illiberal nationalism and illiberal multiculturalism or identity politics, which in different ways privilege descent-based communities above a common cultural or civic identity shared by citizens of a democracy.
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He wants to fashion an "illiberal state" modelled on China, Russia and Turkey.
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Turkey began membership talks in 2005, and has only turned more illiberal since.
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Zunar was charged with multiple offences under illiberal laws on publishing and sedition.
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Her illiberal instincts go beyond her suspicion of globally footloose "citizens of nowhere".
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He would use a Yes as a popular endorsement of that illiberal path.
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Ms Glendon's illiberal views should not disqualify her from leading such an effort.
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The surge of what Mr Müller calls "illiberal democracy" has produced a backlash.
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This led illiberal states to develop new domestic defenses against open information flows.
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His massive social media network has been used to promote divisive, illiberal politicians.
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This delicate balance — liberal institutions built atop illiberal ones — is now giving way.
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" Otherwise, "you're going to end up with illiberal regimes because of liberal principles.
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" Illiberal democracy, he said, "is Christian liberty and the protection of Christian liberty.
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Viktor Orban, the prime minister, promotes an illiberal model based on xenophobic nationalism.
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That is why dictatorships, or illiberal systems like Hungary's, seek to suppress them.
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Identity politics' dissatisfaction with formal equal treatment is, in their view, fundamentally illiberal.
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Now, observers and diplomats fear Sri Lanka is slipping back into illiberal democracy.
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"Christian democracy is not liberal...It is illiberal, if you like," Orban said.
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President Trump's likening of America to Putin's Russia puts him on the illiberal side.
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His worst critics have seized on the illiberal, even totalitarian, implications of that phrase.
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The Economist: Does the high 20th-century term really apply to today's illiberal politics?
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The EPP itself is a fragile alliance, stretching from internationalist liberalism to illiberal nationalism.
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The political future of the EU is not populist or establishment, liberal or illiberal.
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Meanwhile, Poland may set a dangerous precedent, emboldening illiberal leaders in Europe and beyond.
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EU leaders have other problems, including migration, the euro, Italy and illiberal central Europe.
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Mr Orban's government has argued before that its illiberal reforms conform to European principles.
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They are illiberal, it's often claimed, because there is no depth to the democracy.
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It's likely that this illiberal trend in European politics will only continue to grow.
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Orbanism inspires those who want to build an illiberal democracy in their own country.
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The condemnation and shunning of traditional Christians and other religious adherents is profoundly illiberal.
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Such decisive action would again also highlight the president's disavowal of the illiberal right.
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This has meant states could depend on America defending them against an illiberal bully.
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ILLIBERAL REFORMERSRace, Eugenics and American Economics in the Progressive EraBy Thomas C. Leonard275 pp.
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It is the Spanish government that has used illiberal strongman tactics throughout this affair.
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An illiberal is one who protects the country's borders, who protects the nation's culture.
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Illiberal political leaders exploit these crises to expand their powers, sometimes to thunderous applause.
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Some leaders in Eastern Europe espouse "illiberal" democracy, which treads on traditional human rights.
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It was Mr. Orban who coined the phrase "illiberal democracy" to describe his government.
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When (if) it gets beyond that, its illiberal roots and totalitarian tendencies will show.
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The 2008 financial crisis partly explains the spread of illiberal democracies in Central Europe.
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Small "d" democrats across Europe must take a stand against growing illiberal, authoritarian trends.
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Orbán is quite open about his goal to build an illiberal democracy in Europe.
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A failed attempt might only feed Mr. Trump's paranoia and aggravate his illiberal tendencies.
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"Here is a government that proclaims itself as illiberal, and if it says it's illiberal, liberals are its natural enemy, especially if they are backed by funds the government has no control over," Mr. Loke said, referring to organizations funded by Mr. Soros.
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In addition to his illiberal social views, Mr Bolsonaro has a worrying admiration for dictatorship.
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We ask why Malaysia's reformist coalition isn't doing much reforming of the country's illiberal laws.
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He even gave a speech in July 2014 extolling the virtues of an "illiberal democracy".
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But perhaps they explain it better than notions of an illiberal essence in their ideology.
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That said, Islamists do not have to win national elections to have an illiberal impact.
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Far from restraining him, cosseting Mr Orban in the EPP has legitimised his illiberal abuses.
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Pro-democracy politicians are much less likely to benefit from these kinds of illiberal messages.
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Ultimately, populism is a form of illiberal democracy that accepts no limits on majority rule.
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But how can they square that with the self-determination of illiberal cultures and nations?
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One is that they spoke and wrote in regional languages as they confronted illiberal forces.
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Hubert Humphrey arrived in the Senate in 19683 as a liberal in an illiberal institution.
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This is ugly because its spirit is illiberal, and odd, because its consequences are negligible.
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The rise of the illiberal nationalists over the past few years has challenged this view.
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He wants to assimilate and domesticate the illiberal left, to the maximum extent he can.
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In contrast, Lepore's critique of illiberal identity politics is so brief it is easily overlooked.
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Yet Mr. Trump may end up proving an illiberal preserver of the liberal international order.
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Trump's brand of populist nationalism may be illiberal, but it is also not very popular.
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Besides Israel, Tunisia, and an increasingly illiberal Turkey, none of our allies there are democracies.
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It's that democracies in places like Hungary, Poland, India, and Brazil are becoming more illiberal.
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A man with illiberal tendencies, a volatile personality and no internal checks is now president.
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Today we see similar attacks on the judiciary in Hungary, Poland and other illiberal democracies.
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The dynamics that have driven the Republican Party to increasingly illiberal extremes are not going away.
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Mr Orban and Fidesz are not yet done cementing their vision of illiberal democracy in Hungary.
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The most illiberal places in the ranking tend to cluster in eastern Europe and central Asia.
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Indonesia thus shows how the workings of democracy can magnify the power of an illiberal minority.
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PiS is counting on Viktor Orban, Hungary's equally illiberal prime minister, to block any such motion.
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At home, Mr Xi's instincts are at least as illiberal as those of his Russian counterpart.
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In Poland and Hungary, self-declared "illiberal democrats" are doing their best to emulate the playbook.
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Some Eurocrats will spend their holidays obsessing over the increasingly illiberal democracies of Poland and Hungary.
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At best, PiS's illiberal reforms might be reversed by the next party that wins an election.
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A reluctance to compromise runs through their policies on law and order, which are unapologetically illiberal.
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Solidarity also had two ideological faces: a liberal, democratic one and a nationalist, illiberal, religious one.
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The youth belong to "Generation Wuss," and liberals are now so censorious they have become illiberal.
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It's possible American institutions have failed so thoroughly that some sort of illiberal strongman is inevitable.
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Stampedes to elections in Iraq, Libya, and Egypt in recent years resulted in illiberal, violent outcomes.
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But as its government takes an illiberal turn to Hindu nationalism, that premise is being questioned.
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How much should a modern, secular nation tolerate the illiberal customs of newcomers from traditional cultures?
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Douglass aimed to transform the idea of the nation as a rebuttal to illiberal White nationalism.
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Mr. Orban's illiberal rise to power served one crucial objective: wealth accumulation for his inner circle.
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It's not hard to imagine the European Union becoming a union of liberal and illiberal democracies.
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In both the United States and Poland, the illiberal offensive reached a turning point this summer.
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A democracy can have illiberal policies, but it cannot do without basic political liberties and protections.
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In the critics' view, we live in an increasingly illiberal age, populated by dangerously erratic strongmen.
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The new illiberalism everywhere has its limits, and may not always be genuinely illiberal at all.
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Strongmen and illiberal democracies are on the rise everywhere, from the Philippines to Hungary and Venezuela.
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The illiberal winds we face today are not so strong as to sweep all logic away.
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But while the tone may be less strident, the programme is as nationalistic and illiberal as ever.
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Newcomers from illiberal lands might bring unwelcome customs, such as political corruption or intolerance for gay people.
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China has tried to combine elements of soft power with the hard power of its illiberal politics.
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Canada has stayed sober and liberal even as other rich countries have been intoxicated by illiberal populism.
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It is not simply that Berlin is unhappy with the rise of illiberal governments in the region.
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It will come as no surprise that illiberal impulses can be found in many corners of society.
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An M5S-League coalition would be eccentric, idealistic, tinged with xenophobia, intolerant of corruption and economically illiberal.
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Since coming to power in 2015, PiS has led Poland in the illiberal direction charted by Fidesz.
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The Economist: Some people argue that it is illiberal to be against the right of self-determination.
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But some fear that this drive for tolerance has turned into an (illiberal) imposition of liberal values.
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In the view of more than a few observers, these students were taking liberalism to illiberal extremes.
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People like Bannon know how to exploit liberal norms in order to push a very illiberal worldview.
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The consensus is that American politics was far more illiberal in our past than in our present.
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Indeed, Donald Trump is illiberal in every respect save for his single-minded commitment to private pleasures.
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In Poland, as in many countries these days, we live somewhere between liberal democracy and illiberal authoritarianism.
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Today, Ms. Merkel's Germany can feel like a liberal island in a growing sea of illiberal forces.
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But these moves have yet to be accompanied by any concrete steps to reverse Poland's illiberal turn.
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Courts have the legal power to stop illiberal measures, and social movements can block them via resistance.
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Menashi has published a book's worth of articles espousing illiberal opinions on race, women and L.G.B.T.Q. rights.
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In doing so, Mr. Orbán was imitating Vladimir Putin, perhaps the world's chief practitioner of illiberal democracy.
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"We are the last country in the region that has resisted this illiberal movement," Mr. Pirvulescu said.
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Prime Minister Viktor Orban, a proponent of "illiberal democracy," has been sharply critical of Mr. Soros's philanthropy.
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Putin's Russia is spangled with repressive and illiberal policies, and yet Putin is overwhelmingly popular among Russians.
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Wilkinson does not share this outlook: To the extent that increasing economic security is liberalizing, and stagnation and decline tend toward an illiberal, zero-sum survival mind-set, this amounts to a recipe for the political imposition of relatively illiberal policy on increasingly liberal and increasingly economically powerful cities.
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But the treatment meted out to immigrants in developing countries is nonetheless dismal—futile, illiberal and economically ruinous.
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It is not illiberal to recognise that London and the rest of Britain can feel like different countries.
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She has since stood up for independent judiciaries and publicly rebuked Mr Orban's illiberal abuses in neighbouring Hungary.
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Mr Zingales says colleagues who come from countries with illiberal regimes wholeheartedly backed his invitation to Mr Bannon.
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In Hungary and Poland, without such constraints, they help sustain an illiberal, winner-takes-all style of democracy.
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FOR the third consecutive election, Viktor Orban's illiberal Fidesz party has won firm control of the Hungarian Parliament.
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It's very much like the French Burkini ban: an illiberal policy justified in the name of liberal values.
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Supporting laws that give the state the power to compel women to continue pregnancies is misogynist and illiberal.
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But there are prominent instances this year of illiberal leaders fuelling market rallies by ramming through unpopular policies.
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Many see parallels with the illiberal path Hungary has pursued since Viktor Orban became prime minister in 2010.
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And they are taking advantage of anti-migrant fervour to implement an illiberal agenda on other fronts, too.
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At the center of the nightmare of a fascist America is the notion of an unprecedented illiberal descent.
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Then the "illiberal wave" swept Central Europe, following the model of the prime minister of Hungary, Viktor Orban.
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The more defections they can get from voters that would otherwise side with the illiberal president, the better.
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Menacing autocracies, illiberal ideas, and antidemocratic and terrorist movements will not just leave us alone or wither away.
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And so the faculty must cut at the root of a set of ideas that are wholly illiberal.
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Mr. Trump's illiberal style of politics fits the authoritarian leanings of a significant portion of his electoral base.
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Liberal democracy is pro-immigration, while Christian democracy is anti-immigration; this is again a genuinely illiberal concept.
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The European elections this week are being viewed as a crucial test for the illiberal wave in Europe.
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Once you start assigning guilt to groups, rather than to individuals, bad, illiberal things are likely to happen.
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It is illiberal in every sense of the word, and the United States is essentially missing in action.
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Moreover, this way of thinking makes the illiberal populists more influential in defining areas of the political divisions.
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Poland's leading role in the collapse of the Soviet bloc makes its illiberal slide all the more arresting.
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Likewise, where social movements have resisted the temptation to be co-opted by presidents, illiberal presidents face barriers.
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President Trump is not America, nor is the illiberal movement for which he stands a solely American phenomenon.
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But liberals need to stop trying to play gatekeeper, to banish ideas like intersectionality to the illiberal wilds.
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But that would require Trumpism to be driven by some deeper set of principles instead of illiberal opportunism.
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Op-Ed Contributor BANGALORE, India — Among their common traits, illiberal strongmen share a virulent mistrust of civil society.
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What this points to, in a broader sense, is a kind of implicit illiberal axis inside the West.
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And in many senses, the Constitution was designed as a check against the dangers of democracy turning illiberal.
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Illiberal democrats — who don't necessarily cheat, but dish out attacks on norms and institutions to make themselves more powerful.
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And these demands are often accompanied by condemnations of illiberal, chauvinistic or anti-Semitic currents among some Muslim newcomers.
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In practice the unanimous vote that it requires is impossible to secure, partly because illiberal governments protect each other.
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This was, as so much is with Trump, an exercise that was simultaneously ridiculous and dangerous, comic and illiberal.
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In the course of the book, Ash gives over a couple pages to what he might call illiberal objections.
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Illiberal and authoritarian governments are inherently allergic to civil society and, more broadly, to any institutions they don't control.
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Hungary's right-wing government has been in the vanguard on resisting migrants, and championing a so-called illiberal democracy.
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Illiberal Education misconstrued facts and misrepresented history, as multiple academics complained to the New York Review at the time.
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For many pro-democracy Westerners, Mr. Orban's efforts to build an "illiberal democracy" inside the European Union is chilling.
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With a few exceptions, and Brazil's recent election was one, illiberal presidents seldom manage to emerge from runoff elections.
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And more inclusion can lead to more fragmentation of the opposition, which lowers the chances of blocking illiberal presidents.
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Leaders with majority backing were creating "illiberal democracies," in which neither political losers nor unpopular minorities could feel safe.
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Instead, he declared a desire for a nonliberal society — he called it "illiberal" — based on community, Christianity and solidarity.
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They view the strongman as Europe's most accomplished progenitor of the type of illiberal democracy to which they aspire.
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David French and the state of the religious right Michelle on Trump's Potemkin deal-making and illiberal conservatives vs.
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That the Trump administration is a powerfully illiberal force in the United States today is not a partisan judgment.
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Look at the theocracies that exist: they are some of the most illiberal and repressive places on the globe.
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Some Canadians object to Mr Trudeau's relentless political correctness, and worry that his liberalism has an illiberal side (see article).
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Now she seems to have ambitions to be the most illiberal Prime Minister to have ever inhabited 10 Downing Street.
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At best, Turkey appears set to cement its status as an illiberal democracy, where individual rights will not be guaranteed.
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The past several years of Netanyahu's time in office have been characterized by drift in two illiberal, anti-democratic directions.
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At worst, it serves as a rallying cry to cover up the excesses of the most illiberal in our society.
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It tells us far more about the smug, closed-minded certainty of illiberal liberals than those they look down on.
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Reassuring voices in the political class and the commentarial say that however alarming and illiberal, the populists will not win.
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The Germans are also putting pressure on the Polish government over its illiberal attacks on independent newspapers, judges and NGOs.
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Mr Orban now sits supreme on top of the "illiberal" state he boasts of building, taking regular potshots at Brussels.
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As long as that structure itself is handling illiberal attitudes on race, those attitudes don't themselves constitute a fascist trend.
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The second is that the reversals have been driven by opportunistic strongmen rather than the voters' embrace of illiberal ideology.
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We also discuss the role of truth in a liberal democracy, and why illiberal regimes thrive on confusion and cynicism.
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I will grant that D'Souza's 1991 book "Illiberal Education" is a less ludicrously clownish book than his most recent productions.
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Illiberal Education benefited from a few generous reviews written by credentialed but curmodgeonly white male academics like C. Vann Woodward.
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Mr Orban is "on an illiberal train and he cannot stop it", says Viktor Szigetvari, of the progressive Together party.
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Illiberal states like Russia and China feared that Internet freedom was a direct threat to their own systems of rule.
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Meanwhile, as Poland moves closer to Hungarian-style illiberal democracy, the European Commission is warning that there may be consequences.
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Yet it also shows the gap between a reformist pontiff and a Catholic country that has taken an illiberal turn.
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European legal systems are empowered to select for permitted expression on the basis of how liberal or illiberal it is.
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If we don't stand up, the liberal world order we championed will quickly become an illiberal world order we suffer.
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Central Europeans dislike Mr Timmermans for his record of taking on governments like that of Poland for their illiberal excesses.
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The leaders of eastern states and Italy, too, dislike Mr Timmermans for his record of tough action against illiberal abuses.
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Poles attracted to illiberal populism did not start to question democracy and capitalism because they saw their economic prospects deteriorate.
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What separates Hungary from the rest is that Orbán already had established an illiberal government when the refugee crisis began.
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Liberal democracy is in favor of multiculturalism, while Christian democracy gives priority to Christian culture; this is an illiberal concept.
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But the protests serve as a valuable reminder that the stability promised by illiberal figures is more myth than substance.
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Their model has been the Hungary of Prime Minister Viktor Orban, systematically at work on an illiberal project since 2010.
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There are changes occurring globally that have unleashed illiberal or populist right wing reactions across much of the industrialized West.
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Generally speaking, a left/liberal-leaning man when walking, he sees no contradiction in becoming illiberal once behind the wheel.
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In the 21st century, "catastrophic gradualism" often takes the form of a belief in the inevitability of illiberal democrats' victory.
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Yet on the campaign trail, Trump used a great deal of illiberal rhetoric that raised alarm bells about potential authoritarianism.
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And too many of our media outlets see no problem in catering exclusively to these increasingly narrow and illiberal tastes.
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Israel's success as a regional economic and military power is proof in their eyes that the illiberal approach can prevail.
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The question, in effect, was whether ordinary people support the government and its backers in Beijing in their illiberal methods.
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With right-wing populism on the rise across Europe, Ms. Merkel has been seen as a bulwark against illiberal democracy.
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But there are countries around the world, you just named a few, in which democratic processes are producing highly illiberal outcomes.
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The effect has intensified since Viktor Orban, who proclaims himself a fan of "illiberal" governance, became Hungary's prime minister in 2010.
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There is a risk that people will select illiberal leaders who seek to undermine commitment to freedom and individual human rights.
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In illiberal countries, where governments do not care about their citizens' civil rights, police could easily tap phones and open letters.
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In short, anyone who is critical of any of the policies of the last several decades is "illiberal"—and therefore wrong.
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It provides lots of evidence to suggest that the battle between illiberal democracy and liberal elitism will only become more intense.
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Orban has explicitly praised Putin's "illiberal democracy" as a model for European countries, and used Hungary as one of its showcases.
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Globalization, economic inequality, declines in manufacturing, immigration, and a new assertiveness among illiberal leaders all play a role in voter discontent.
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It was obvious by then that Trump's reckless and illiberal candidacy would be damaging to America's civic health, just by itself.
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Commentary A growing cohort of pro-Russian politicians in Europe is untroubled by Putin's illiberal policies and benefits from his support.
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The opinions expressed here are his own.) By John Lloyd Feb 26 (Reuters) - We know by now what illiberal democracies are.
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Centrists and liberals warn of "Orbanisation", fearing that Poland is following the illiberal path of Viktor Orban, the Hungarian prime minister.
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The country's centrist and liberal media outlets condemned the new law, along with several other illiberal changes under the new government.
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Fighting back wasn't enough: Journalists could always, they complained, spin what you said and make you sound like an illiberal thug.
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But it would be illiberal and self-defeating to give in to the idea that immigration is merely something to tolerate.
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China is advancing an illiberal alternative to the universal values that the United States and its partners have championed for decades.
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In a key speech, he called for transforming Hungary into an "illiberal state," citing Russia and Turkey as templates for success.
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Every day the illiberal left not only viciously trample on the rights of well-intentioned Americans who voted for the president.
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Some nationalists do believe that their country is better than all others, and some nationalisms are plainly illiberal and overtly racist.
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Collectively, the moves reinforce efforts by Mr. Orban to create a more illiberal and homogeneous society since regaining power in 2010.
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The best way to respond to the tragedy in Nice isn't to hastily call for illiberal assaults on Muslim civil rights.
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I also hear more college presidents talking with more concern about their campuses' images as enclaves of a distinctly illiberal liberalism.
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In "This America," Lepore defends a version of civic patriotism against the three alternatives: illiberal nationalism, identity politics and liberal nationalism.
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With a program to build what he calls an "illiberal democracy," Mr. Orban is the most influential populist leader in Europe.
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The country appears to be converging on a democratic-authoritarian hybrid, formally known as illiberal democracy, which often resembles mob rule.
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A number of observers are even willing to concede that "illiberal democracy" might be a somewhat legitimate reaction to undemocratic liberalism.
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With illiberal leaders still on the rise worldwide, this political age is likely to produce more strongmen the market can love.
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The core of Brooks's argument is that Sanders is illiberal: not in the narrow partisan sense, but the deeper philosophical one.
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That illiberal democracy might find fertile ground in societies in profound transition, like those of Central Europe, is not so surprising.
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His victory is a reminder that, despite the country's fondness for aspirational rhetoric, our illiberal traditions have serious staying power, too.
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As in this case with Hungary, Mr. Netanyahu is increasingly aligning Israel with illiberal, autocratic states like Russia, Turkey and Egypt.
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But this is clearly not true, and in fact democracy is just as likely to give way to an illiberal populism.
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A society filled with people easily offended ends up an illiberal one running on manners and norms of deference and guardedness.
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Over the course of the 21st century, the conservative movement, and with it the Republican Party, has fallen ever more deeply under the sway of an illiberal and nihilistic populism — illiberal in its crude exploitation of religious, racial, and cultural divisions; nihilistic in its blithe indifference to governance and the established norms and institutions of representative self-government.
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Mrs May has led the Tories in a more statist, illiberal direction, with heavier regulations on firms and strict limits on immigration.
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" Brinkbäumer added that he believes Trump "wants to establish an illiberal democracy, or worse; he wants to undermine the balance of power.
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Although Donald Trump has sometimes embraced illiberal nationalism, the arbitrary closure of an American-accredited university will not be welcomed in Washington.
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"So let's see if I've got this straight: When crowds chant 'Lock her up" toward Hillary, it is illiberal and anti-American.
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"So let's see if I've got this straight: When crowds chant 'Lock her up" toward Hillary, it is illiberal and anti-American.
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It's no threat to the American republic when the crowd at a baseball game spontaneously turns a demagogue's illiberal rhetoric against him.
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Poland's Law and Justice party has pushed the country in an ever more illiberal direction since it won a majority in 2015.
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Newer strongmen, such as Daniel Ortega, Nicaragua's blood-soaked president, and Viktor Orban, Hungary's illiberal prime minister, have also flexed censorious muscles.
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Hence the belief of some analysts that elections, not liberalism, matter most: illiberal democracy, they say, is a precursor to liberal democracy.
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The optimism that attended the EU's great eastward expansion in 2004 has given way, in some places, to angry, nationalist "illiberal democracy".
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Anyone who has watched Trump speak or read his statements can conclude he is ignorant, reckless, distractible, narcissistic, illiberal, conspiratorial, and bigoted.
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The EU is harbouring not an illiberal democracy, but a semi-autocratic kleptocracy in which loyalty offers the quickest route to riches.
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It was an illiberal excuse to virtue signal, and some MPs appeared to forget that Trump has invested generously in our country.
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If this is what Western democracy produces, the logic runs, maybe China's illiberal form of self-proclaimed meritocracy is not so bad.
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If Israel's government is adopting illiberal policies that seem to challenge basic core Jewish values, voices in the Diaspora must be heard.
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"The fascination with illiberal prescriptions and regimes is spreading; we are seeing little steps back in history," Draghi said in Pisa, Italy.
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This caught everyone's attention, because the tidal surge of illiberal nationalism rolling across other parts of Europe until now had bypassed Spain.
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Nevertheless, Bannon remains among the most outspoken impresarios of nationalist, illiberal politics in an age when such politics are sweeping the globe.
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These illiberal European leaders are empowered by Trump's dalliance with despotism and by his indifference to the distinction between truth and lies.
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Mr. Netanyahu, who has been elected four times, leads what many describe as the most nationalist and illiberal government in Israel's history.
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But the synthesis of liberalism and democracy isn't necessary; Turkey is just one of several "illiberal democracies" in ascendance around the world.
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I believe that democracy will beat back the illiberal wave, and that President Trump will be one of the first to go.
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Mr. Orban says he wants to make Hungary a bulwark of Christianity and is creating an "illiberal democracy" to achieve that goal.
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A system of functional feudalism dressed in the formal attire of the democratic processes — this is Mr. Orban's so-called illiberal democracy.
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His first, "Illiberal Education," was published in 1991, lifting him to national notoriety with his criticism of political correctness on college campuses.
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Illiberal politics often combine with eclectic economics in ways that make them hard to place on the traditional left-right political spectrum.
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Under Mr Orban Hungary has become a workshop for illiberal nationalists in Europe, with a constant stream of visits from his admirers.
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It's no surprise, then, that right now, growing segments of the middle classes around the world once again turn to illiberal politics.
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Time and again, the students of Oberlin College are represented in mainstream media as a monolith conforming to illiberal values and practices.
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By one count, illiberal right-wing populists controlled the governments of least 11 different countries in 2018; in 1990, they controlled none.
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One of the most disturbing global political trends in the last few decades has been the emergence of so-called illiberal democracies.
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And can the forms of resistance that worked against Communist and fascist dictatorships work against the democratically elected illiberal governments of today?
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If ever there was a vivid illustration of illiberal liberalism, it was the response to one of the essays in this very series.
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More important, the trade-off that Lee Kuan Yew offered still holds: illiberal politics in exchange for good government and high living standards.
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But Mr Macron will have less patience, and the escapades of the illiberal easterners could push others to his side of the debate.
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Archaic, illiberal drinking laws that banned serving alcohol in pubs after 11pm were scrapped, and gambling restrictions were loosened at her behest, too.
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Observing elections in other countries should have told us this by now, but elections can sometimes produce what political scientists call illiberal outcomes.
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Compared with other elements of Mr Orban's self-declared plan to turn Hungary into an "illiberal" democracy, these may seem like small beans.
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The illiberal trend represents a rejection of the core postwar insight that borders should be dismantled to save Europe from its repetitive suicides.
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But today "we are seeing the rise of illiberal democracy, or democracy without rights, and undemocratic liberalism, or rights without democracy," Mounk writes.
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Firing Comey can simultaneously be legal, and also a step toward what some have called an "illiberal democracy" — or toward something even worse.
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The complaint is aimed at Aamir Khan and Shah Rukh Khan, film stars who have gently criticised the government for its illiberal tendencies.
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Even criticism of an illiberal draft constitution that the generals hope to ram through in a popular referendum on August 22015th is banned.
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But it is illiberal to use these traditions to censor others, to besmirch fellow students and to treat ideological claims as perforce facts.
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Moreover, they rely on other illiberal regimes for support like China, Russia and Iran, nurturing our major geopolitical rivals right in our backyard.
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Whether it is identified as "illiberal democracy" or as a looming prospect of democracy's death, clearly we are not the first to notice.
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Orban has criticized civil society organizations funded by Soros which espouse an Open Society model at odds with his own preferred "illiberal democracy".
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While it's true Illiberal Education was praised by some centrists, Louis Menand's New Yorker review found the book to be unconvincing and glib.
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Stuff would still happen, obviously, and smaller states could be expected to experience ethnic and religious tensions and become home to illiberal ideas.
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The right-wing turn towards illiberal democracy may be known as Trumpism today, but its origins long predate the president's rise to power.
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The ease with which these illusions were dashed was another factor opening the door for the steamrollering of illiberal forces to political power.
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There, Prime Minister Viktor Orban has applauded "illiberal democracies" in places such as Turkey, China and Russia, and undermined the rule of law.
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But what those tense periods all shared was America's backing and appreciation for the alliance, along with a strong repudiation of illiberal values.
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Understanding how illiberal and criminal regimes function is also crucial, instead of assuming they will respond to the same incentives that motivate us.
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Meanwhile, Israel is ever more willing to ally itself with foreign leaders who share its illiberal nationalism, even when they're hostile to Jews.
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"Hungary has become a successful laboratory of illiberal governance with an institutional system tailor-made to serve Fidesz's purposes and goals," it said.
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Another key lesson from Latin America is the importance of enhancing the autonomy of courts and social movements — important checks on illiberal presidents.
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Illiberal democracy, of the sort that Orban had fashioned in Hungary, was proving to be "more effective," for the time being at least.
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Yet in actuality, she has remodeled the court system to limit oversight of illiberal legislation and eliminate constraints on West Bank settlement growth.
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Feminism, far from being a divisive theme, served to mobilize large numbers of people to get out and demonstrate against America's illiberal turn.
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Over time, those groups took over the host body of the Republicans, leaving us with an illiberal party that represents half the country.
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From Vladimir V. Putin's Russia to Recep Tayyip Erdogan's Turkey, illiberal governments regularly use imprisonment, threats and nationalist language to repress nongovernmental organizations.
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But we must also ask how this illiberal wind has taken hold in spite of our well-intentioned avowal of egalitarianism and humanism.
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And what we have been is violent, disordered, undemocratic, and illiberal on a scale far beyond anything the United States is undergoing today.
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But Putin's construction of an illiberal state in Russia, most actively in the six years of his last presidential term, is to their liking.
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Sarah Wollaston, a Conservative MP in the U.K., rejected the suggestion that Britain and the U.S. could provide global leadership, given Trump's illiberal positions.
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In Hungary, authoritarian Prime Minister Viktor Orban has shifted from defending "illiberal democracy" to proposing a new, less liberally-inclined "old-school Christian Democracy".
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He paints himself as a modernising force, the man who rescued Egypt from an illiberal regime and set out to fix its stagnant economy.
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Like Gingrich's lectures, D'Souza's Illiberal Education was a laughing stock amongst those who actually knew the universities and scholarly fields he claimed to expose.
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Other illiberal powers, notably Turkey and Iran, are using past historical glories to conjure a resurgent future, projecting power along the new silk roads.
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If the EU cannot defend its fundamental values, including the rule of law, within its own borders, other illiberal leaders will surely take note.
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We argued that Mr Bolsonaro, a seven-term congressman with illiberal social views and a worrying admiration for dictatorship, would make a disastrous president.
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However, Poland is unique because nationalist populist leaders have tapped into an illiberal current tied up with widespread fear of, and obsession with, Russia.
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His 1991 debut, Illiberal Education: The Politics of Race and Sex On Campus, preceded our campus free speech wars by about a quarter-century.
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Packing the courts is typically the kind of behavior that the State Department condemns when it happens in illiberal democracies and would-be dictatorships.
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The intense illiberal passion that emerged in the liberal Obama era to propel Mr. Trump to victory paints a troubling portrait of American society.
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He became prominent after publishing Illiberal Education in 1991, has written 16 books critiquing the liberal world-view, and gradually transitioned into film projects.
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"Now we know that the Romanian population isn't buying this illiberal hatred, and that as a country we remain European in our mind-set."
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For Trump, the upside is the substitution of a liberal order with an illiberal one, based on conceits about sovereignty, nationality, religion and ethnicity.
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He saw it as not only important for Slovakia, but also for the region — a rejection of the illiberal drift of this country's neighbors.
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If we live today at an inflection point, it is because it's impossible to say how much further rightist and illiberal authoritarianism may go.
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"Myanmar's biggest threat is not the return of dictatorship but an illiberal democracy," said Thant Myint-U, a historian and former United Nations official.
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I've been thinking of those swastikas lately, as I contemplate what to make of the surging illiberal tide on both sides of the Atlantic.
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But what is happening now is so deeply illiberal and wrong that I needed to speak, no matter how small my voice might be.
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If Mr. Macron loses the battle that he is waging against Viktor Orban's illiberal Hungary, Germany will surely pay a price sooner or later.
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What is troubling, rather, is Mr. Netanyahu's increasingly illiberal pattern of treating critics of Israel's occupation of Palestinian lands — domestic and foreign — as enemies.
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But its true legacy will be the activist networks it helped create, ones that contributed to sustained and impactful challenges to an illiberal presidency.
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"Malaysia's 2018 democratic breakthrough to a multiethnic governing coalition appeared to be an outlier to the global rise of illiberal nationalism," Ms. Tew added.
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Even if it were true that President Vladimir Putin of Russia is attempting an illiberal putsch, he is still far from achieving this goal.
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In Hungary, Prime Minister Victor Orban's managed illiberal democracy, a style of governance that is increasingly popular throughout Central Europe, resembles Erika's school choir.
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And there are those who used to vote left, but who are culturally illiberal and now don't mind voting for parties of the wealthy.
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He warned it was not an isolated move, noting that Mr. Orban's illiberal democracy is seen by some as a model in the region.
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In Europe, you had illiberal democracies in the late 19th century in places Austria and, more recently, in places like Germany in the 1930s.
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Hungary's nationalist prime minister, Viktor Orban, who says he wants his country to become an "illiberal democracy", has a long-standing feud with Mr Soros.
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While a tolerant society can manage small illiberal minorities, if the number of such extremists exceeds a certain threshold, the whole nature of society changes.
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The alternative allows extreme illiberal populism the space to create the type of atmosphere that will lead to more incidents like we've seen in Nice.
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A right-wing Israeli government, including illiberal ministers contemptuous of the Palestinian national movement, makes it harder to put the case for support of Israel.
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Historically, however, it has been tainted by the illiberal tendencies of racism and xenophobia, found today in alt-right notions of blood-and-soil nationalism.
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The event is billed as a decisive showdown between established and highly contested governing circles, and what are derisively called "populist" demagogues and illiberal democracies.
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A draft for a new constitution that was presented last year proved too illiberal even for lackeys who sit in the army's rubber-stamp councils.
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Soros, whose ideal of an "open society" is squarely at odds with Orban's self-styled "illiberal democracy", has often been vilified by the prime minister.
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Even saying you support free speech can be a way of categorizing protest as illiberal, thereby setting limits on what kinds of speech are countenanced.
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The somewhat liberal leanings (by the party's highly illiberal standards) of Mr Xi's late father, a party grandee, provided one of the few available clues.
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The Arab Spring of 2011, for example, has almost totally seen the return of the very same illiberal governance it sought to do away with.
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While in much of the world we are facing a retrenchment of democracy, and seeing a rising of illiberal regimes, somewhere is bucking the trend.
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Around the world, but especially in Europe, the Russian government supports — by both rhetorical and financial means — political parties and organizations with illiberal, nationalist agendas.
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Not surprisingly, Catholicism was the frequent bête-noire of liberals such as these, sometimes even pushing them into very illiberal support of anti-Catholic policies.
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That vexed history revisits us presently, although it is not clear whether the period we are entering threatens to bring illiberal democracy or undemocratic liberalism.
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The retrospective comes at a moment when an onslaught of illiberal forces in the big world dwarfs intellectual wrangles in the little one of art.
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The rise of President Trump has amplified this generational clash and raised the fundamental question of how to live liberal values in an illiberal age.
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Illiberal democracies are electing authoritarian personalities like President Duterte in the Philippines, who are purging judges and locking up journalists who dare to criticize them.
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One answer is that the crisis is still here, because the system of liberalism is failing, notwithstanding the ups and downs of its illiberal challengers.
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The story illiberal leaders tell is simple, emotional and powerful: Europe faces a barbarian invasion, and only the right has the will to stop it.
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From party headquarters on Warsaw's Nowogrodzka, above a pool club, PiS has moved Poland in a strikingly illiberal direction since coming to power in 2015.
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Instead, the very prospect of a common future, of global interdependence, has been jeopardized by the emergence of an illiberal world of tribes without flags.
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These are surprisingly illiberal themes for Dorfman, a public intellectual and admirable human rights advocate, but he doesn't appear to have thought out their implications.
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Meanwhile, the passions to block conservative speakers at Middlebury and the University of California, Berkeley, should also give us pause: Liberalism mustn't be illiberal. 11.
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"(The bishops) endured suffering and gave their lives to oppose an illiberal ideological system that oppressed the fundamental rights of the human person," Francis said.
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Netanyahu has aligned himself with illiberal leaders like Donald Trump and Vladimir Putin, and has even established relations with Saudi Arabia's Crown Prince Mohammed Bin Salman.
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What's more worrying is how these illiberal tendencies of Trump might play out in a moment of major national security crisis — say, after a terrorist attack.
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They are wrong because in this case they are doing the illiberal thing; they are trying to reduce rights and to undo long-held American freedom.
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"Young people's illiberal opinions about freedom of expression and their incredible identitarianism are on the rise," says Mr Christakis, who fears a "total loss of nuance".
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I suspect that I am not the only secular person who often assumed, however unconsciously, that politically active religious groups in America today are mainly illiberal.
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Yet, Trump has slipped easily into some of the imagery, rhetoric and affectations exhibited by dictatorial leaders throughout history and in illiberal societies around the world.
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Despite the visual potency of red, one of us observed that red was the preferred color of history's most illiberal regimes--from Hitler to Pol Pot.
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Much of the potential security hazard behind China's electronic products stems from its government's illiberal ability to dictate terms to the corporations that produce those goods.
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Intolerant and illiberal doctrines related to martyrdom, blasphemy, honor and apostasy reliably lead to oppression and violence against women, homosexuals, freethinkers, liberals and even other Muslims.
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As Sedat Ergin, editor-in-chief of Turkish daily Hürriyet explained, Turkey's Western friends turned a blind eye to Erdoğan's illiberal mindset that emerged in 6900.
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In reality, it's something else: a meeting between two like-minded illiberal leaders, men at the forefront of the campaign to undermine Western democracy from within.
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Aside from such concrete possibilities, foes of Western liberal democracy in Russia, China and elsewhere celebrated what they perceived as a vindication of their illiberal policies.
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Kirkpatrick suggests that if the activists had lived with Morsi's illiberal but weak rule until he could be voted out, democracy might have had a chance.
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But they seem to implicitly understand that they now owe their power to illiberal flaws in the system rather than any sort of genuine democratic mandate.
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The tug of war has intensified as Eastern Europe becomes the incubator for a new model of "illiberal democracy" for which Hungary has laid the groundwork.
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Law and Justice looks set to return to power, with a mandate to further consolidate its project of remolding Polish society in its nationalist, illiberal image.
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The power of "The Boys" comes from its attack on the illiberal vigilantism embodied by The Seven, and on their fans' eagerness to embrace their oppressors.
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Meanwhile, feminism struggles to find norms that check this kind of behavior, swinging between a facile sex-positivity and illiberal attempts to police the hookup scene.
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An authoritarian and erratic leader, a chaotic Presidency, a supine legislature, a resistant permanent bureaucracy, street demonstrations, fear abroad: this is what illiberal regimes look like.
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" He said "every healthy democracy needs a healthy conservative movement," but "Fox News has become the chief driver in making that movement intemperate, idiotic, and illiberal.
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But in terms of considering illiberal, state-directed solutions, China is often cited as an example of how an authoritarian government can deal with things differently.
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He has said he is on a mission to build an "illiberal democracy," and similar shifts have occurred to varying degrees in several eastern European countries.
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Orban, a champion of "illiberal democracy" who won a third term on April 8, responded with sarcasm when asked about the prospect of an OSF departure.
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It's an illiberal prosecution that's borderline inconceivable in a world without the refugee crisis, which shows just how much influence Turkey wields in Berlin at present.
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Some of the more recent offending legislation is less, or less gratuitously, illiberal; Kentucky's Republican lawmakers argued that their law was not intended to be anti-gay.
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He should direct that plank straight at the sphere in which identity-sensitivity has been indulged and amplified into the quite illiberal persuasion that it now is.
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If liberal governments do not fight downturns, voters will turn to illiberal governments that do, jeopardising the very freedoms the government's pious inaction was meant to respect.
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Perhaps the biggest is of illiberal democracy in which elections continue, but not the practice of democratic government with its checks and balances and rules of fairness.
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The new constitution embodies the "illiberal democracy" of nationalists such as Viktor Orban of Hungary and Vladimir Putin of Russia, to whom Mr Erdogan is increasingly compared.
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Tocqueville feared his own country might fall into the grip of just such an illiberal democracy, as it had in the Terror, under Maximilien Robespierre in 1793.
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He is a fringe, bigoted pseudo-intellectual who has tasted power and, defenestrated, is now scrambling to find new audiences for his illiberal, racist agenda in Europe.
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In many countries, voters are picking leaders who do not respect it, and gradually undermine it, creating what Viktor Orban, Hungary's prime minister, proudly calls "illiberal democracy".
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Often illiberal on everything from the place of God in politics to the role of women, political Islamists are hardly the Christian Democrats of the Arab world.
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None of this is technically illegal, but most of it is what Zakaria defines as deeply illiberal, a phrase that has nothing to do with partisan politics.
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It also legitimises those illiberal states which have long argued that international human-rights law should protect religious ideas and feelings at the expense of free speech.
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The "open society" model promoted by Soros in eastern Europe over decades is at odds with the "illiberal democracy" that Orban has vowed to build in Hungary.
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But Gabbard has virtually no traction as a presidential candidate, owing to her own flakiness, illiberal record, and coziness with Syria's perfidious, genocidal dictator, Bashar Al Assad.
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Saudi Arabia intervened in Bahrain to crush a democratic movement there in 2011, while private Arab foundations continue to promote illiberal ideas throughout the region and beyond.
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The yellow vests have also displayed an illiberal streak, with members partially blocking the distribution of a major newspaper, Ouest-France, after it ran a critical editorial.
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"It was never a global order, and there was an awful lot of illiberal behavior even by countries and leaders who constantly proclaimed liberal values," Walt notes.
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A campaign to encourage booksellers not to stock titles by far-right authors, which began last year, was considered illiberal even by people who respect the organization.
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And liberal democracy sides with adaptable family models, while Christian democracy rests on the foundations of the Christian family model; once more, this is an illiberal concept.
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If there is one thing that illiberal politicians invariably seem to be good at, it is grasping that in the age of social media politics is entertainment.
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Mária Schmidt, a historian close to Hungary's illiberal leader, Viktor Orban, argues that automation and artificial intelligence will reduce the demand for labor and thus for migration.
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With Mr. Trump ceding ground to China, the liberal international order that defined the second half of the 20th century could give way to an illiberal one.
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I am certainly not comparing Trump to the Nazi regime (although in his own entry-level, illiberal way, he has adopted many of the themes of autocracy).
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The obvious risk is that eventually a major European country will find itself under an untamable government with enough power to implement a statist, nationalist, illiberal agenda.
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But Putin may also think of himself as the chief ideologist of the illiberal world, a counter to what he sees as the hypocritical and blundering West.
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Mr. Orban, prime minister since 2010, supports the idea of "illiberal democracy," which puts rule-by-majority nationalism ahead of minority rights, political pluralism and international cooperation.
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Europe's supporters -- liberals, conservatives, social democrats, greens -- are thus in a no-win position: if they defend the union's undemocratic structures, they look hypocritical and illiberal themselves.
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Addressing the European Parliament, he won applause from lawmakers after condemning the rise of "illiberal democracies" even within the EU and portraying a "Europe that protects" people.
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Donald Trump's illiberal impulses are real, and the way much of the electorate and most of the elected Republican Party has chosen to accept them chills me.
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IN A speech in 43 that substantiated his liberal opponents' worst fears, Viktor Orban, Hungary's prime minister, said he planned to turn the country into an "illiberal state".
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Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orban openly declared he's building an "illiberal state," and is making strides in his quest to imitate regimes run by the likes of Putin.
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Open Society has provided funding to Aurora since it was founded in 2014, with the goal of creating a space for civil society in an increasingly illiberal country.
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The EU passed a motion last year censuring Poland for undermining Europe's democratic values, though repercussions are unlikely due to Poland's alliance with Hungary and its illiberal government.
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There are good reasons to worry if (1) China opposes liberal ideology, (2) China seeks to export its illiberal model abroad, and (20173) China can successfully do so.
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Other businesses, meanwhile, fret about their ability to attract and retain the sorts of footloose and discerning employees who typically do not want to live in illiberal places.
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But that doesn't mean we must protect and defend all of their beliefs as well, many of which are just as illiberal as the beliefs of Christian fundamentalists.
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This coalition ran the gamut from the libertarian to the deeply illiberal, but its factions had enough in common for the top brass to keep things moving along.
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Mr Macron issued his customary battle-cry against illiberal populists and European naysayers—but also tried to dispel what seems to him to be a whiff of complacency.
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With Italy flailing, Britain Brexiting and Poland in the grip of illiberal democracy, a restoration of the bond with France would come at an auspicious time for Germany.
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Politics is defined by a growing battle between illiberal democracy, or democracy without rights, on the one hand, and undemocratic liberalism, or rights without democracy, on the other.
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Roger Eatwell, a professor at the University of Bath, in England, calls it "illiberal democracy," a form of government that keeps the trappings of democracy without the reality.
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Mr. Orban even embraced the term "illiberal democracy," arguing that his mandate from voters (he was re-elected in 2014) justified restrictions on civil rights and civil liberties.
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Europe's response is crucial, for it must step up to the bullying tyrants on their borders and defeat the illiberal forces surging at the ballot boxes at home.
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He's with Viktor Orban, the Hungarian prime minister who is successfully exporting across Europe his illiberal template for a closed democracy that can produce only one election result.
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The rule of law is being eroded, the press is being discredited, if not silenced, and social media is being used to spread illiberal ideas and sway elections.
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But even during those populist waves, many Latin American countries elected rule-respecting presidents, from either the right or the left, or defeated illiberal presidents at the polls.
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Admittedly, some new EU member states in Eastern Europe have suffered authoritarian backslides, but on balance, membership has been a powerful disincentive against reverting to their illiberal past.
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The Russian president, Vladimir V. Putin, has long sought to crack the liberal Western order, both as a competitor and as a champion of an alternative, illiberal model.
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Warnings of a crisis of liberalism have become commonplace, as it is assailed by an illiberal right on the one side and a socialist left on the other.
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Where it differs, though, is in its belief that Islam is not a religion, but rather an aggressively anti-Western, intolerant and illiberal ideology bent on global conquest.
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Moreover, his provocations tend to actually work, in the sense that they summon up the illiberal, "shut up or we'll shut you down" side of left-wing politics.
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I don't think there's a fundamental difference in my approach then and now … Illiberal Education has been baptized into a sort of pathbreaking, sort of sober, responsible book.
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"For Slovakia, this election will determine whether we follow the path toward some form of illiberal democracy," said Aneta Vilagi, a political scientist at Comenius University in Bratislava.
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Among the most recent red-flag actions, of the democracy-damaging variety rather than just the illiberal policy variety, are the executive actions on changes to immigration policy.
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Liberal democracy seems to be one of the many exits on which the democratic experiment could end, but there are others, like illiberal democracy, that are equally likely.
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Orban's "illiberal" brand of democracy has already earned him a tongue-in-cheek greeting of "Hello Dictator!" from the head of the executive, European Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker.
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Mr Orban, who vowed in 2014 to make Hungary an "illiberal state", feels empowered both by the impotence of his domestic opposition and by the victory of Donald Trump.
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Looking into his native Hungary, KissPál posits how quickly democratic societies can devolve into illiberal democracies, often under strong-man leaders, such as Hungary's current Prime Minister Viktor Orbán.
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The illiberal solution was to install someone with sufficient power to dictate what was best—by slowing change if they were conservative, or smashing authority if they were revolutionary.
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While The Wall does little to explore the social conditions that create the appetite for walls, there is much to learn about their psychological function within an illiberal democracy.
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First, the moral one: The United States is supposed to be the champion of human rights around the world, pushing illiberal countries to improve the lives of their citizens.
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Academic economists Scott Bradford and Robert Lawrence in 2004 estimated that a return to the illiberal trade rules of the 1930's would leave the world 7 percent poorer.
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Harris was there to promote a nonpolitical book, but the interview turned into a debate about the failure of liberals to criticize illiberal values prevalent in the Muslim world.
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As I write, the Euro-American "postwar order" -- a way of organizing time and events based on the idea of democracy's superiority to illiberal regimes -- seems to be unraveling.
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It's inconvenient to remember that anti-Semitism started with the very sorts of everyday attacks that have spiked in America and elsewhere as these illiberal forces have found power.
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That ruling will likely embolden Republican state lawmakers to entrench their legislative majorities even more aggressively after next year's census, especially in the states already sliding toward illiberal democracy.
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Illiberal left administrators, professors and students — at colleges and universities across the United States — routinely intimidate, attack and punish anyone who does not agree with their point of view.
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In fact, the survival and hegemony of the clubs are products of the illiberal agenda of out-of-touch alumni who fund the clubs and impose their antiquated rules.
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Orban, a self-styled champion of what he calls an "illiberal democracy", has long been at odds with Soros' network of NGO's which promote liberal values around the world.
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There's no dispute that many campuses are illiberal enclaves of bluntly enforced groupthink, and there's no doubt that many students deserve the stern words that Sessions aimed at them.
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For all that populists purport to champion the will of the people, their definition of the people is often restrictive and "deeply illiberal," Mounk writes, if not downright exclusionary.
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There's nothing illiberal about the view that too many immigrants stress a country's capacity to absorb them, so that a reduction or even a pause may be in order.
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" The alternative to illiberal nationalism and "very lefty" identity politics that Lepore proposes is a version of civic patriotism that she distinguishes from liberal nationalism and calls simply "liberalism.
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The incumbent Republican Party has gone all-in on an illiberal demagogue empowered by an increasingly untrammeled executive branch, with even impeachment swatted down like a bothersome institutional fly.
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Prime Minister Viktor Orban, whose Fidesz party has moved Hungary in an increasingly illiberal direction, says the law will promote openness and help prevent money laundering and terrorist financing.
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A more careful look at the past shows that the middle classes have frequently sided with illiberal forms of government when they feared for their privileges and social stability.
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To oust illiberal demagogues from power, its mainstream parties are resorting to the same tactics and management styles that allowed populism to flourish, planting the seeds for its return.
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Instead of an illiberal democracy — like Turkey's — he would build its opposite, a socially liberal autocracy, much as Lee Kuan Yew did in Singapore in the 20143s and '70s.
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I worry about the illiberal excesses of identity politics and political correctness, but I think excesses is what they are, and I think they, too, can be worked through.
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For populist leaders like Mr. Orban, who has steadily steered Hungary toward so-called illiberal democracy, this new tone from the White House is regarded as a major opportunity.
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The university has also given a platform to dissident voices, particularly in the period since Mr. Orban, who helped popularize the term "illiberal democracy," came to power in 2010.
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Orban has in the past spoken of his preference for an "illiberal democracy," shorn of what he sees as the failed nostrums of multiculturalism, anti-nationalism and open borders.
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Can you think of historical examples of democracies drifting into this illiberal territory and then bouncing back before it was too late to undo the damage to liberal institutions?
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The fact that this is the religious reality for women in a country that prides itself on being a bastion of liberal ideals in an illiberal neighborhood is unacceptable.
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The Commission is worried that Poland is turning into another Hungary, a fellow EU member where Prime Minister Viktor Orbán has established what he himself calls an "illiberal democracy".
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So you get Lafayette trying to square the ideals of the American and French revolutions with the more illiberal aspects of this new cause in which he has become enlisted.
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Triggered by a law targeting an international school founded by liberal U.S. financier George Soros, the rallies have galvanized broader public anger against Orban's ambition to create an "illiberal democracy".
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Slater does not think a full-on electoral authoritarian system is inevitable in the U.S. "It takes people willing to use the system in illiberal and authoritarian ways," he said.
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Three months before an election, Mr Wilders can pose as a victim of an illiberal law and a politically correct elite who, he claims, are letting Islam undermine Dutch civilisation.
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Mr Orban, who has clashed with the EU over his government's illiberal media and economic policies, wants to stop the EU from issuing shared rules on asylum and much else.
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She took aim at liberal politicians and commentators who "find your patriotism distasteful, your concerns about immigration parochial, your views about crime illiberal" and "left wing, activist human-rights lawyers".
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The vote comes eight weeks after the AfD made gains in two other elections in the former East Germany, where support for the party's illiberal, anti-immigrant rhetoric is significant.
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The populist right's welfare chauvinism is thus paired with illiberal and anti-pluralist positions, raising the question of how well democracy can function if such parties continue to gain support.
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Viktor Orban, the prime minister of Hungary and prototype European populist, who talks of creating an "illiberal" democracy, was one of the few European leaders to endorse Mr Trump's campaign.
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Orban has advocated an "illiberal democracy" and strong national governments within the EU, which he says are necessary to preserve the European way of life in the face of migration.
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On the other hand are "illiberal democracies," where populist leaders take take advantage of anger and resentment to damage institutions and civil liberties, and even wind up establishing outright dictatorships.
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Fidesz, Mr Orban's party, pioneered Europe's illiberal wave: when it came to power in 2010 it limited the constitutional court's powers, packed it with cronies and introduced a new constitution.
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Rather than attacking these distinct factions at their strongest points, he lumps them together as products of the illiberal left, and then takes fire at the caricature he has drawn.
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Taken together with the illiberal orientation of the regime, this has caused a real disenchantment with China in the U.S. Q. You've been coming to China every year since 1979.
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Coverage of free speech fights in the U.S. casts the left as illiberal antagonists and lets the right off the hook for its own, much more serious history of censorship.
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In his deference to state legislatures, Brandeis voted to uphold some highly illiberal state laws, including — though his reasons for doing so are unclear — Virginia's 1924 law authorizing eugenic sterilizations.
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His repressive style of government inspires European admirers: Hungary's authoritarian prime minister, Viktor Orban, has called for his country to abandon liberal democracy and become an "illiberal state" like Russia.
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If the Israeli government takes umbrage — and rightly so — when Israeli academics or institutions are boycotted by foreign universities, the least it could do is not replicate their illiberal behavior.
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At the very least, Mr. Trump's continued anti-system, illiberal appeals, which surface whenever he campaigns, continue to energize his base (his recent performance in Pennsylvania is a good example).
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New Zealand's prime minister is emerging as the progressive antithesis to right-wing strongmen like Trump, Orban and Modi, whose careers thrive on illiberal, anti-Muslim and anti-immigrant rhetoric.
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During Ronald Reagan's presidency, for instance, liberal churches created the sanctuary movement, giving shelter to refugees from El Salvador and Guatemala, countries where the United States was backing illiberal regimes.
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Sadly, assailing a free and critical press has become a cornerstone of the new breed of illiberal leaders in Brazil, as in the United States and elsewhere around the world.
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At the debate in one of parliament's committees, some lawmakers said Orban was making untruthful accusations against the EU and diverging from European values with his brand of "illiberal democracy".
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All told, the US has become the key cog in the machine of modern kleptocracy worldwide, allowing illiberal regimes everywhere to flourish — and threatening America's democratic experiment in the process.
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Just as during the 19th-century Great Game, the Kremlin has the advantage of not needing to worry about public criticism at home as it pushes an illiberal agenda abroad.
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"The question is whether you're willing to make sacrifices to fight these illiberal tendencies," he said, in his tiny office near the gleaming Dr. Chau Chak Wing Building on campus.
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Unfortunately, in Central and Eastern Europe, illiberal and autocratic impulses have never quite died; indeed, they now feed some of our neighbors' strategic hedging and flirtations with Russia or China.
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An anti-immigrant, far-right leader who has systematically weakened Hungary's democratic institutions, Mr. Orban has pointed to Russia as a beacon of his model of so-called illiberal democracy.
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That one shocked and flabbergasted experts too, but just like all the other perverse steps down this road to illiberal lawlessness, they eventually took it on board and normalized it.
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In Klain's view, it's Trump's dysfunctional relationship with the government that catalyzes his illiberal tendencies — the more he is frustrated by the system, the more he will turn on the system.
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Not just over Brexit and the election of Donald Trump, but also the tragedy of Syria, abandoned to its suffering, and widespread support—in Hungary, Poland and beyond—for "illiberal democracy".
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He looks for scapegoats, he embraces illiberal plans for revenge, he retreats to the strategy that launched his political career and his presidential campaign: capturing press coverage through shock and offense.
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This is the stage of "illiberal democracy", where individual rights and the rule of law are undermined, but strongmen can still pretend to be democrats since they win free-ish elections.
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On Monday President Trump will welcome to the White House Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orbán, who has generally been shunned and censured by Western politicians and diplomats for his illiberal practices.
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Ms. Merkel needs to fend off a resurgent Russia that is promoting its brand of illiberal democracy by backing right-wing parties throughout the Continent and fanning the flames of populism.
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Europe is split between its Franco-German liberal democratic core, led by Emmanuel Macron and Angela Merkel, and the angry illiberal movements ascendant in countries including Hungary, Poland and now Italy.
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In hindsight, Mr. Putin was the vanguard of what Mr. McFaul called the "illiberal international," a new version of the Communist International founded by Lenin to spread communism around the world.
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If Trump fails, it won't be because he was too illiberal or too anti-democratic but because he self-sabotaged, because he was too incompetent to execute his half-baked vision.
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Unless this point is understood, Mr. Orban will continue the perfidious game he likes to play with international critics in particular: He does not mind being called "illiberal"; he relishes it.
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They also put another dent in what had seemed a few years ago to be the inexorable march in parts of Europe toward Mr. Orban's "illiberal" and harshly anti-immigrant politics.
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Other European leaders are unnerved by how Mr. Trump's populism echoes the right-wing nationalism of his Polish hosts — both have been attacked as illiberal threats to the postwar Western order.
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This illiberal mind-set was in evidence at the University of California, Berkeley, and more recently at McMaster University in Canada, where students succeeded in preventing speaking events from taking place.
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The political edifice that's threatening to collapse around us as illiberal populisms flare in the United States and Western Europe was erected in the last few decades of the 18th century.
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When hard-right figures in the United States contribute to attacks on Soros, or spread conspiracy theories about his upbringing, they endorse the rhetoric of an illiberal, racist government in Europe.
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For those of us troubled by the illiberal drift among advanced democracies — not just Britain or Europe, but also the United States — these results cannot be taken as a good sign.
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Legutko is a member of Law and Justice, the right-wing party currently ruling Poland, whose ascent has provoked the Western media to panic over its religious nationalism and illiberal forays.
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More recently, as Israel has become increasingly illiberal and has acted to foreclose the possibility of a two-state solution, I've become more sympathetic to the Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions movement.
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Editorial Even among that cast of illiberal leaders who rouse mobs with their ruthless policies and disdain for democratic protections, President Rodrigo Duterte of the Philippines stands out for his viciousness.
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PETER GRIFFITHSSouthend-on-Sea, Essex The election saw parties that will honour the decision to leave the EU take over 80% of the vote, yet illiberal non-democratic Remainers still whinge on.
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Belgian liberal Guy Verhofstadt, a leading member of the European Parliament, told Orban his policies were protectionist, nationalist, illiberal and paranoid, and they reminded him of those in the communist-era Hungary.
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In each case, the accusations have nothing to do with the welfare of Jewish people or Israel's future, and everything to do with controlling the discourse — a telltale feature of illiberal regimes.
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The U.S. has taken on characteristics of both, Slater says: With his attacks on the Fed, courts, generals, intelligence agencies, other politicians and the media, President Trump behaves like an illiberal democrat.
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Their illiberal policies — including, in both cases, a crackdown on the independent judiciary — have made them the only two countries to ever be censured by the European Parliament for undermining democratic values.
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The crisis, when it hit, slotted neatly into a national-conservative shtick that Mr Orban had honed for years, including in a notorious speech in 2014 celebrating the virtues of "illiberal democracy".
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But no one exemplifies the angry direction of post-communist Eastern Europe more than Viktor Orban, whose journey from liberal academic to illiberal populist is starker than any of his regional contemporaries.
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Even though Donald Trump has frequently demonised the news media as the "enemy of the people", America's strong First Amendment and independent courts have prevented him from acting on these illiberal outbursts.
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In 2014, in a speech that has become famous, he declared that he wanted Hungary to become an "illiberal democracy"—as complete a rejection of Mr Soros's philosophy as one could imagine.
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Though Viktor Orban, Hungary's prime minister, is an illiberal authoritarian, Mercedes Benz announced an investment of €1bn in the country two years ago and plans to make 330,000 cars yearly by 2020.
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But this zeal may lead him to push Poland closer to the sort of "illiberal democracy" which Mr Orban has created in Hungary, and which Mr Kaczynski makes no secret of desiring.
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But in recent years, critics say, the Turkish president has pushed the country toward an illiberal democracy — a criticism that reached its peak in the wake of a failed coup last July.
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In an earlier era of white supremacy and Protestant Christian hegemony, the United States was what the Washington Post columnist Fareed Zakaria and others call an "illiberal democracy," characterized by majoritarian tyranny.
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There have indeed been illiberal attempts to silence conservative voices on college campuses, but they pale beside the assault on pro-Palestinian speech, particularly speech calling for an economic boycott of Israel.
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Otherwise, we would have no basis to criticize China's totalitarian persecution of Uighur Muslims or the illiberal bans on "religious symbols," including the Islamic head scarf, in France and, more recently, Quebec.
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The German and French leaders have increasingly voiced their differences with the illiberal axis since the summer — Ms. Merkel more understated, Mr. Macron more lyrical, but both definitely on the same page.
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BUDAPEST — Viktor Orban, Hungary's far-right prime minister, has faced little meaningful blowback — either inside or outside the country — in his eight-year quest to turn the country into an illiberal state.
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The post-1970s evangelical-Catholic alliance has been flawed in various ways, but it is neither theocratic nor illiberal; if Charles Colson and Richard John Neuhaus were integralists, I am a lemur.
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Across the Muslim world there are ideological movements that want to bring back Shariah, with all its harsh, coercive, illiberal elements, naïvely hoping that it will revive the Islamic world's medieval glory.
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The campus experience of late suggests that liberal Protestantism without the Protestantism tends to gradually shed the liberalism as well, transforming into an illiberal cult of victimologies that burns heretics with vigor.
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The risk we face, then, is not merely a president with illiberal proclivities — it is the election of such a president when the guardrails protecting American democracy are no longer as secure.
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Interestingly, Poland and Hungary, where in 1989 the most liberal elites in the region led the transition to democracy from totalitarianism, now lead the pack of "illiberal democracies" within the European Union.
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For him, the ideological struggle of the 21st century doesn't pit a liberal, democratic America against illiberal, authoritarian opponents, but instead pits liberal, democratic peoples everywhere against illiberalism at home and abroad.
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That will give heart to Muslims, Christians and other minorities that feel besieged in the climate of illiberal Hindu nationalism promoted by the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) of the prime minister, Narendra Modi.
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One can only hope, but politicians the world over are doing their very best to do so, aided and abetted by those "illiberal liberals" in the academy, as Professor Gray rightly calls them.
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Never much at ease with his EU peers, he found his talents worked best with dictators like Muammar Qaddafi and the leaders of "illiberal democracies" such as Recep Tayyip Erdogan and Vladimir Putin.
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The worry: If these views aren't completely robbed of any kind of platform, they could gain legitimacy — and take advantage of liberal ideals like free speech to, ironically, promote their very illiberal messages.
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And in Hungary, Prime Minister Viktor Orban has transformed the country into an "illiberal democracy," while the center-right European coalition to which his party belongs — the European People's Party — sits idly by.
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The EU also frets that an American base would convey approval for Poland's illiberal nationalist government, hampering the bloc's efforts to stop it from weakening the judiciary and undermining the rule of law.
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Indeed, California liberals, as soon as they're unshackled from Washington, could conceivably take a sharp turn toward illiberal left progressivism, pushing for draconian limitations on guns, smoking, speech, and traditional private property rights.
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To take the totality of the findings, it seemed remarkable that despite the just-below-the-surface potential for authoritarianism, American politics did not dissolve into a maelstrom of illiberal intolerance and violence.
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Lately, Premier Li Keqiang, China's second-in-command, has been pitching China, as Isaac Stone Fish writes for The Atlantic, as a "liberal, responsible, globalist power," though it actually remains illiberal and authoritarian.
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Many are concerned that PiS is systematically undermining the country's system of checks and balances, and that PiS is set on following the path of "illiberal democracy" that Viktor Orbán beat in Hungary.
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But as welcome as the Lib Dem initiative is, it is not clear whether Mr Farron and his seven fellow MPs are the force needed to stand up to Britain's new, illiberal establishment.
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But while according to Fish's view the principle of absolute tolerance is unachievable, there is a spectrum of possible degrees of tolerance that a liberal society may permit for illiberal beliefs and practices.
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If managed properly, joining NATO would enhance Finland's and Sweden's defensive capabilities, strengthen European collective security, and improve the prospects of a liberal world order struggling against a host of relentless illiberal adversaries.
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Like Putin and Trump, these parties and their leaders are proudly illiberal and staunchly anti-immigrant, dismissive of democratic checks and balances, in favor of expansive armies and committed to law and order.
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N.Y.U. has caught plenty of flak for locating liberal arts programs in countries ruled by monarchs and Communists, but it contends that its schools are unimpeded bastions of free thought in illiberal environments.
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The duality of autocratic legalism — impunity for loyalists, legal pressure on the opposition — is a useful tool for illiberal presidents because they desperately need the public to turn the attention the other way.
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Italy now poses a major challenge to the European project, already badly battered by the Brexit vote in Britain and the illiberal drift of Poland, Hungary and other East and Central European countries.
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That is critical not only to ensure that Mr. Mirziyoyev stays the course, but also as an example to Uzbekistan's neighbors, and to any leader who sees benefits in authoritarian and illiberal rule.
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Sensitive to the perception of embracing another illiberal autocrat, administration officials insisted during a conference call with reporters on Friday that the government had raised concerns about Mr. Orban's actions at lower levels.
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Yet now, a miserable bunch of small-minded nationalist upstarts are trying to play jingoistic games with historical facts in pursuit of their illiberal betrayal of the great Polish contribution to European freedom.
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Salvini has emerged in a different context to Berlusconi, one where anti-democratic, illiberal, racist forces are on the rise in Europe and beyond, encouraged by the moral abdication of Trump's United States.
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He never tests his premise against the really hard questions: the Palestinians, the West Bank settlements and Israel's recent embrace of so-called illiberal democracies like Hungary and Poland, as well as dictators.
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When I contemplate the sort of illiberal oligarchy that would await my children should Donald Trump win another term, the scale of the loss feels so vast that I can barely process it.
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The disturbing message that sends does not end at our borders — it extends to countries, like those in the former East Bloc, struggling to overcome an illiberal turn in the direction of autocracy.
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From the center-left, it's critiqued as an illiberal and balkanizing force, which drives whit-cis-het people of good will rightward and prevents liberalism from speaking a language of the common good.
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Democrats will likely fearmonger about this projected result by saying that it enshrines an illiberal structural bias in the American political system, and that it could destabilize public confidence in the democratic process.
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Indeed this is precisely why he found himself offered a prominent slot at CPAC — for the sake of the illiberal responses his campus appearances elicit, for his enemies' sake rather than his own.
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I think we need to distinguish very clearly between policies that we think are illiberal, undesirable, and bad on the one hand, and actions that are undemocratic and destructive to the institutions of democracy.
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Possibilities include a renewed Greek crisis, the arrival of openly anti-EU leaders in France or Italy, or a firmer entrenchment in one or more east European countries of what they call "illiberal democracy".
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Critics of Mr Netanyahu's government, one of the most right-wing and religious in Israel's history, say the nation-state law is indicative of its efforts to make Israel less democratic and more illiberal.
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"I think Wess [Mitchell] has made it pretty clear that he will only speak out [about illiberal actions] in these countries when it's a gross violation of their own constitutions," the former official said.
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These warriors band under the standard of "illiberal democracy," a term created in the 1990s by Fareed Zakaria, an Indian-American pundit, but given political life by Viktor Orban, Hungary's anti-immigration prime minister.
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Concerns about the illiberal conduct of his Fidesz party in power began not long afterwards, with the EU's then commissioner for fundamental rights questioning its use of EU funds, judicial changes and constitutional reforms.
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He talks of protecting legal rights, as in a recent speech to the European court in Strasbourg when he warned against "illiberal democracy" and vowed to fight terrorism only "under the control of courts".
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PISA, Italy (Reuters) - The spread of illiberal ideology is threatening the euro but it is an illusion that leaving it would offer an easier path, European Central Bank President Mario Draghi said on Saturday.
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She cited the bloc's failure to impose any effective sanctions on Hungary and Prime Minister Viktor Orban, who has championed "illiberal democracy" and has signaled his admiration for President Vladimir V. Putin of Russia.
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Today, the connection is no less tenuous: hence the rise of "illiberal democracy" in places like Hungary, where governments elected to run liberal states have dismantled obstacles to strongman rule and one-party control.
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True, they share some elements with other protest movements: the anti-Brussels rhetoric of Britain's "Brexiteers"; some of the illiberal tendencies of the Dutch Freedom Party; the anti-establishment mood of France's National Front.
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Much of the book is devoted to describing how nonwhites and disfavored European immigrant groups in previous generations were excluded by illiberal nationalists both from the polity and from mainstream accounts of American history.
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But unlike the '80s, when conservatives held formidable principles about economic freedom and Western unity, the left is flailing in the face of a new right that is increasingly nativist, illiberal, lawless, and buffoonish.
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Hatred has been high on the agenda in Hungary since Prime Minister Viktor Orban, who began a third consecutive term in office this year, set out to establish an "illiberal democracy" in the country.
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He talked about how the roots of the surge in populism and illiberal authoritarianism lie in a failure of Western democracies to "regulate the excess of capitalism" and provide prosperity to the middle class.
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These beliefs create a worldview that is illiberal, intolerant and hostile to the West and promote a mind-set that makes adherents far more susceptible to the rhetoric of violent Islamist groups and preachers.
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I fear, on the other hand, that the duke of Windsor could find plenty of kindred spirits among today's authoritarians, aspiring authoritarians, and "illiberal democrats," and perhaps some in the news and entertainment industries.
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But what's clear is that liberalism's peril became acute in 2016, when the twin shocks of Brexit and Trump proved that illiberal right-wing populism had emerged as a serious challenge to liberal hegemony.
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Hungary's Prime Minister Viktor Orbán, who has openly described his political vision as "illiberal," essentially dismantled Hungarian liberal democracy; Poland's ruling Law and Justice party is well on the way to doing the same.
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Long admired for its democratic achievements, Poland under Kaczynski&aposs direction has taken what many considered to be an illiberal turn that has put the country in conflict with the European Union and Western allies.
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Though, as a result, many Ukrainians continue to regard the militias with gratitude and admiration, the more extreme among these groups promote an intolerant and illiberal ideology that will endanger Ukraine in the long term.
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"We would still dare to, at the risk of being called out as 'illiberal,' we would dare to say that we need to take our own measures to deal with deliberate online falsehoods," Koh said.
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Salvini and Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orbán have framed next year's European Parliament elections as a contest between their worldview — what Orbán calls a Christian "illiberal democracy" — and ideas embodied by French President Emmanuel Macron.
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He has distanced himself from right-wing conservatives such as Poland's Jaroslaw Kaczynski and Hungary's Viktor Orban by navigating a path lacking in hardened political views along the lines of Orban's vision of "illiberal state".
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Of course victories in women's rights since the 1970s would seem to confirm President Obama's view that the arc of history bends toward liberalism -- but sometimes that narrative is surprisingly illiberal and intolerant of dissent.
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" Last year, the prime minister was censured by his own allies in the European Parliament for violations on the rule of law, having led a campaign since 2010 to transform Hungary into an "illiberal democracy.
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She is the co-editor of Europe without Borders: Remapping Territory, Citizenship, and Identity in a Transnational Age and the author of Illiberal Politics in Neoliberal Times: Culture, Security and Populism in the New Europe.
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In Hungary, Prime Minister Viktor Orban – thirty years ago a fearless dissident who railed against Soviet power – has been building an avowedly "illiberal state" that looks as much towards Moscow as it does towards Brussels.
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As I argue in my book "Illiberal Politics in Neo-liberal Times," populism—or extreme nationalism—began to gain ground in Europe during the 33s as a reaction against the accelerated process of European integration.
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Trump may be an unrepentant illiberal authoritarian, these critics admit, but he would be well contained within the presidency were it not for President Barack Obama's own monomania and precedent-setting expansion of executive power.
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It was probably strategically unwise for Obama to comment on Brexit, but it is not remotely illiberal for a U.S. president to voice his opinion about what he thinks is best for preserving global order.
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For all its illiberal tendencies, the Republican establishment had at least paid lip service to the idea of America as a beacon of freedom and opportunity, open to all willing to do their fair share.
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Jacob Mchangama, a secular-minded Danish civil-rights lawyer who monitors free-speech restrictions, notes: Democracies do have compelling reasons to prevent the establishment of deep parallel societies guided by illiberal norms operating without accountability.
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The Times recently reported that David Cornstein, a jewelry-store owner who now serves as the U.S. ambassador to Hungary, is taking extraordinary steps to curry favor with Viktor Orban, the country's illiberal prime minister.
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Rising inequality has led to electoral backlashes, bringing us Trump and his trade wars, Brexit and finally, a host of populist, illiberal political movements and 'strongmen' - all keen on nationalism rather than cross-border cooperation.
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Democratic norms and institutions are openly disdained; illiberal and authoritarian ideas from the alt-right and far left are moving from the fringe; and everywhere, truth and civility are squeezed out amid rancor and conspiracism.
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The new East bloc already has leaders in Orban and Kaczyński, who articulate the Europe of nations forcefully and refuse to let the EU stop them from forging illiberal democracies in the heart of Europe.
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Taking hold in the two-decade heyday of liberal hegemony following 1989, this sanitized image of liberal democracy has become the favorite straw man of illiberal politicians today, including the president of the United States.
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WASHINGTON — As we bear witness to the global democratic recession, we cannot afford to ignore the increasing militarization of societies in Latin America, which has coincided with illiberal trends in other parts of the world.
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The United States is going to have a right-of-center party in one form or another, and it matters a great deal whether that party is liberal or illiberal, capable or incapable of shame.
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But by putting their disagreements aside and speaking not with one voice but with many voices, all expressing the same message, they are making clear that the illiberal divide-and-rule strategy will not work.
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The decision to relocate it drew fierce opposition from many Hungarians who revere Mr. Nagy as a national hero and have pushed back against Mr. Orban's efforts to create what he calls an illiberal democracy.
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Without the United States standing as a bulwark for global democracy, illiberal powers like Russia will take increasingly aggressive steps to disrupt the international order, bully their neighbors and return to a more divided world.
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As the United States implements the findings of its foreign assistance review, it should make sure that anti-corruption efforts are a prominent element of strategies to thwart Beijing&aposs and Moscow&aposs illiberal incursions.
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An illiberal turn in the United States could drive talented Americans to seek careers abroad, while skilled workers the world over may start looking somewhere other than the United States to make a better life.
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It is a philosophical argument with political implications: a claim that the essence of identity politics is illiberal, and for that reason its continued influence on the American left augurs both moral and electoral doom.
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Far from erecting the big tent so many had hoped for, the movement they lead has embraced decidedly illiberal causes and cultivated a radical tenor that seems determined to alienate all but the most woke.
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Prime Minister Viktor Orban considers Mr. Soros an ideological foe whose "open society" ideal contrasts with his efforts to turn Hungary into an "illiberal state" that places majority rule over civil liberties and minority rights.
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Proponents of illiberal democracy place majority rule over civil liberties and minority rights, and they say that financiers like Mr. Soros are part of an elite capitalist class that puts cosmopolitan values over national interests.
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If one side decides to ignore the rules for the sake of power, the other side has no choice but to capitulate or respond in kind, which leads to a death spiral of illiberal behavior.
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And while many of Trump's critics have been appalled by Trump's authoritarian tendencies, Thiel has actually argued that freedom and democracy are incompatible — suggesting a greater willingness to use illiberal tactics to accomplish worthwhile ends.
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Macron tackled critics among his National Front opponents at home and European leaders such as newly re-elected Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orban, rejecting visions of illiberal democracy, hostile to immigration and intolerant of criticism.
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Whenever a reactionary populist regime takes power and begins doing illiberal things, the same question arises among its critics: How much of this is part of a master plan and how much is just flailing?
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"As a consequence, there is a discernible risk that European political rhetoric will adopt a more illiberal tone in the coming months, which only serves to tilt the odds toward wider peripheral spreads," the bank added.
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On Tuesday Soros's pro-democracy organization the Open Society Foundation announced it's shutting its office in Budapest and moving to Berlin in response to the "increasingly repressive political and legal environment" created by Orban's illiberal government.
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Orban has framed Soros, whose philanthropic work focuses on strengthening civil society and promoting human rights, particularly in former Communist countries in Europe, as the antithesis of his government's nationalist, illiberal and staunchly anti-immigration platform.
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In the book, you recall your warning to EU creditors that if they crushed Greece financially, and by extension crushed Greece's progressive challenge, that an illiberal, xenophobic backlash would ensue — both in Greece and across Europe.
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STRASBOURG, April 17 (Reuters) - French President Emmanuel Macron on Tuesday urged Europeans to defend their model of liberal democracy in the face of rising autocratic regimes around the world and "illiberal democracies" inside the European Union.
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Mr Orban's fourth term in office (he also governed from 1998-2002) is likely to see him entrench his vision of an "illiberal democracy", and cause further problems for liberal NGOs, especially those dealing with migration.
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There is a clear, and increasingly self-assured model for this policy mix: the illiberal international that now rules countries like Russia, Turkey, Hungary and Poland -- and is ascendant in much of Western Europe as well.
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And so, in the postwar glow of rising prosperity and what appeared to be highly stable American democracy, social scientists stopped looking into the illiberal darkness of the human soul and moved on to other questions.
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Instead of taking vocal opposition to certain ideas, or speaker disinvitations, as the marketplace self-correcting as marketplaces should do, we take left-wing opposition to the likes of Murray and Yiannopoulos as an illiberal gesture.
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The same anxieties are driving a growing wedge in the European Union by strengthening a group of increasingly illiberal, authoritarian Central European governments led by Hungary and Poland, whose leaders rail against EU-mandated migrant quotas.
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And Trump succeeded by doing the exact opposite of what Pincus and Hoffman are proposing, with a platform that was socially illiberal, anti-planet, and pro-government when it came to issues like infrastructure and entitlements.
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Orban, who envisions Hungary as an "illiberal democracy" and defender of a Christian Europe, immediately adopted a hard-line anti-immigration platform that pitted him against the European Union and its proposed solutions to the crisis.
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In practice, that moment means a consolidation of power in the west while the east and south stay politically isolated and tranquil — or that the illiberal turn in places like Poland and Hungary can be contained.
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With Europe besieged by illiberal forces inside (Hungary) and from outside (Vladimir Putin's Russia), and voters electing anti-European Union populists, leaders across the Continent need to demonstrate that they are confident about Europe's shared future.
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Though Mr. Trump in the past has openly toyed with illiberal notions (ignoring term limits, not accepting election results should he lose), his casual suggestion that his ouster might lead to bloodshed felt like uncharted territory.
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Orban, whose speech two years ago on building an "illiberal state" earned him rebukes from the domestic opposition and some foreign capitals, said the time was ripe for politicians to break the shackles of political correctness.
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I borrow this idea from The Light That Failed by Stephen Holmes and Ivan Krastev (2019), a book that explains why newly liberated ex-Communist countries turned away from liberal democracies to authoritarian or illiberal ones.
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Political violence experts are trained to be sensitive to illiberal and norm-busting actions and rhetoric by democratic leaders, particularly when public trust in the institutions best positioned to defend those norms is in the toilet.
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I don't want to get too much in the weeds on democratic peace scholarship, but we do have quite a bit of data showing that constitutional democracies are less violent and more stable than illiberal democracies.
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BUDAPEST (Reuters) - Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orban said on Saturday that European parliament elections next year could bring about a shift toward illiberal "Christian democracy" in the European Union that would end the era of multiculturalism.
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The liberal democratic world itself appeared to be splitting as the United States and Britain took illiberal paths politically and unilateralist paths internationally, leaving a shaken France and Germany as European standard-bearers for the liberal order.
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Rather than hawks scheming to contain China, jumpy nationalists should be worrying about a different group: Americans and Europeans who were once advocates of engagement, but have been disappointed by illiberal, aggressive choices made by Chinese rulers.
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To them, the "illiberal" autocrats across the Atlantic are fast becoming the new standard-bearers in a global battle for traditional values, an antidote to what they see as rising decadence and moral relativism in the West.
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Too often, it is an illiberal sort of pseudo-democracy in which the incumbent demonises the opposition, exploits the power of the state to stack the electoral contest in his favour and removes constraints on his power.
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It also sets a sinister precedent for dictatorships and illiberal surveillance state regimes like China where potential dissidents are watched carefully, and where millions rely on encryption to carry on any semblance of a normal civilian life.
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In a country with a strong juridical tradition that has suffered under illiberal left-wing populism and the gradual squandering of economic and human resources, Duque represents civil society's protest vote against the deterioration of legal institutions.
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Hungary's Viktor Orban, who proudly boasts that he leads an "illiberal democracy," has not only decimated independent media and rule of law, he has also consolidated control over the central bank after clashing with the European Union.
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The infamous state-ordered murder of Jamal Khashoggi, a Washington Post columnist and critic of the Saudi crown prince, is in a class of its own, and Saudi Arabia is emphatically not a democracy, illiberal or otherwise.
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Mr. Dragnea's party has echoed Mr. Trump's rhetoric about a so-called deep state, prompting some to worry that Romania may be poised to follow the path of the likes of Hungary and Poland toward illiberal democracy.
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Over the years, he steadily expanded his illiberal agenda, scorning Ms. Merkel's migration policies, drawing closer to President Vladimir V. Putin of Russia, restricting the work of Hungarian civil society, and attempting to close a prominent university.
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Since its election in 2010, Mr. Orban's government has worked to reshape Hungary's culture so that it fits with his signature brand of nationalism and what he calls "illiberal democracy," which rejects western liberalism and its values.
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That line reminded one senior aide of Obama's last speech to the U.N. General Assembly, a defense of the liberal order that was willfully optimistic at a moment when illiberal currents were coursing all over the world.
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"The haters and Christophobes have forced Israel Folau's church into hiding and GoFundMe appears to have closed his account, in the usual illiberal way of woke corporates," Miranda Devine, a conservative columnist for Sydney's Daily Telegraph, tweeted.
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My guess is the private sector is probably doing a lot more than government is to increase the possibilities for pluralism and openness in countries that are either authoritarian or are now illiberal democracies like Mr. Putin's.
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The symbolic standoff over C.E.U. has become the latest flashpoint in Orbán's project to build an "illiberal" state, and pits two of the country's most prominent men — representing opposite ends of the political spectrum – against each other.
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By contrast, the British proposals would take the view not only that people have a right to affirm their own gender, but that forcing them to wait and to satisfy anonymous panels is cruel, demeaning and fundamentally illiberal.
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They range from the once-rich and powerful families he destroyed in his anti-corruption campaign, all the way to the small-r reformers angered by his illiberal rollback of the incremental institutional advances of the reform period.
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Salvini also overturned diplomatic protocol when he held a friendly telephone call with Viktor Orban, the Hungarian prime minister whose advocacy for "illiberal democracy" has pitted Budapest against the EU. Normally, a new prime minister fields such calls.
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Prime Minister Viktor Orban, who has advocated a self-styled 'illiberal democracy', has said strong national governments were necessary to preserve the European way of life in the face of migration and multiculturalism - at odds with liberal beliefs.
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He voiced a widespread apprehension that any attempt by Mr. Hofer to sway the government could drive Austria in the illiberal direction seen in neighboring Hungary, Poland and Slovakia — all once linked with Austria in the Hapsburg Empire.
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But with illiberal democracy on the rise throughout Europe, with a U.S. president seemingly at war with the rule of law, Angela Merkel's Germany finds itself as an unexpected island of liberal democracy in far more uncertain waters.
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Increasingly, he finds his global allies in the ever-growing club of the Illiberal International, from the Sunni Arab leaders in his own region to Viktor Orbán , in Hungary; Jair Bolsonaro , in Brazil; and Vladimir Putin , in Russia.
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Prime Minister Viktor Orban, who has advocated a self-styled "illiberal democracy", has said strong national governments were necessary to preserve the European way of life in the face of migration and multiculturalism — at odds with liberal beliefs.
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Trump's populist, illiberal Jacksonianism can't unite the party the way Bush once did, and Cruz's hard-edge social and economic conservatism probably can't win the median voter the way Bushism did twice (well, once plus a close second).
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The victory gives the re-elected prime minister a strong platform to push his vision of "illiberal democracy" — based on conservative, nationalist identity and values — as a counterpoint to the more liberal, cosmopolitan outlook of the European Union.
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This Sunday, Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orban is set to win another term in national elections, giving him a fresh mandate to advance his project of building what he calls an "illiberal" state at the heart of Europe.
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At the Athens Democracy Forum, hosted by this newspaper, I listened to the Greek foreign minister, Nikos Kotzias, allude to "undemocratic liberalism" as a catalyst to the current wave of "illiberal democracy" in places like Poland and Hungary.
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The fear many Trump critics have had is that he is, as I put it just after the inauguration, a transgressive personality and a man of illiberal tendencies who was unlikely to be contained by norms and customs.
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EDMUND R. SCHROEDER Scarsdale, N.Y. To the Editor: While I am sympathetic to Steven Levitsky and Daniel Ziblatt's perspective, I think their exclusive use of Republican examples to illustrate "illiberal proclivities" further weakens the "guardrails" of American democracy.
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The current Hungarian government, as Guy Verhofstadt wrote earlier this month, is probably the most illiberal and authoritarian in Europe, shutting down newspapers, corruptly capturing major facilities like water and energy, wrenching control of cultural and educational centers.
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In a way, you could say this is more democratic because it opens the door to more people, but it can also be deeply problematic because it paves the way for illiberal forces who then attack democratic institutions.
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If and when President Clinton forges illiberal compromises with Republican leaders, Sanders will be one of the only people in Congress with a constituency wide enough to make other Democratic members consider rebelling against the leader of their party.
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Now he's anticipating a new milestone at home in the establishment of "illiberal democracy," a term he coined: shuttering Budapest's Central European University (CEU), one of the top-ranked universities in the region, and a symbol of international cooperation.
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Kurz's short-sighted opportunism lends the far right and its illiberal ideas a stamp of legitimacy, signaling to Austrians and the rest of Europe that a party like the Freedom Party has a rightful place in our modern democracies.
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If Law and Justice and its allies across the Continent perform well, many people believe that not only will it change the face of the European Union but it may also help other illiberal parties in upcoming national elections.
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As BuzzFeed News has outlined, Johnson's government initially refused to take similarly drastic action, which some of his own advisers were urging him to take, with Johnson reluctant to impose what he saw as illiberal measures on the country.
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Since entering office for the second time in 2010, Mr. Orban has become a hero to the global far right for his nativist policies and for his efforts to mold Hungary into what he describes as an illiberal state.
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It's true that identity politics is often illiberal, both in its emphasis on group experience over individualism and, in the web of moral absolutes — taboo words, sacred speakers, forbidden arguments — that it seeks to weave around left-liberal discourse.
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Orban, who has led the country in an increasingly illiberal direction since coming to power in 2010, has dubbed the legislation the "Stop Soros" bill, after the Hungarian-born U.S. financier George Soros, a major funder of human rights causes.
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Earlier this month, the New York Times ran an opinion piece for its Privacy Project titled "We Should Worry About How China Uses Apps Like TikTok," calling the app an "illiberal innovation" and accusing it of spreading censorship and surveillance.
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Mr Schetyna, the leader of the centre-right Civic Platform (PO) party, was there to convince voters that only his party can return stability and international respect to Poland, after a year and a half under an increasingly illiberal nationalist government.
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Whether the electoral map plays into the hands of Hillary Clinton or Donald Trump, America will find itself retreating into illiberal, inward-looking policies, led by either one of the two least-inspiring candidates D.C. has ever managed to cook up.
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Yet because the integrity of these protections relies on the strength of social norms of tolerance and political values that prevent illiberal behavior, it should come as no surprise that democracy often fails to live up to its billing in practice.
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That they cannot profess to be neutral, open platforms while being illiberal, dictatorial, and hiding behind the visage of a private corporation (which are more often than not in bed with governments around the world at the very highest levels).
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At the same time, illiberal democrats like Narendra Modi in India, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan in Turkey, Rodrigo Duterte in the Philippines, and Donald Trump in the United States have come to power, or have held onto it, with strongly populist platforms.
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What is galling is how openly Prime Minister Viktor Orban does it, blaming the European Union for every imagined indignity or interference in Hungary's affairs, while milking billions from Brussels to enrich his cronies and prop up his illiberal rule.
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They could have saved their shock, because despite the legitimate economic pain and despair that have been highlighted by the protests, anti-Semitism, conspiracy theories, illiberal politics, and violent insurrectionism have been inextricable from the movement practically from its beginning.
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Conversely, it is entirely illiberal (even if permissible) to use these traditions to demand the censorship of others, to besmirch fellow students rather than refute the ideas that they express and to treat ideological claims as if they were perforce facts.
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To make sense of this political moment, you have to understand that Donald Trump is not a unique phenomenon, that there's very similar political movements in other countries, and that illiberal populists have been rising for 203 to 30 years.
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The existing European Union mechanism for punishing countries that stray too far from the fold may lack real teeth, but the European Parliament's vote in November to trigger the process against Poland offered support for opponents of Mr. Kaczynski's illiberal policies.
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In Ecuador, for instance, one of the most effective checks on the illiberal designs of former President Rafael Correa was the advocacy and resistance stemming from feminist, indigenous and environmental groups that refused to be folded into Mr. Correa's ruling party.
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DUBLIN — Ireland, which seems intent on bucking the illiberal tide in the West, is at it again: As other countries move to tighten restrictions on immigration, the Irish public is overwhelmingly in favor of a proposal to reinstate birthright citizenship.
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On one side is an illiberal axis embodied by President Trump in the United States and by two leaders in Central Europe: Jaroslaw Kaczynski, the head of Poland's ruling nationalist Law and Justice party, and Prime Minister Viktor Orban of Hungary.
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With the weakening of the German chancellor, Angela Merkel, he is the only European politician who can stand up to the Hungarian prime minister, Viktor Orban, whose illiberal model for the evisceration of democracy through the politics of fear has traction.
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I think the problem that we are facing with liberal democracies is a result not of what we call the illiberal, but the failure of the liberal to understand the three big structural changes that have happened in the world.
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Yes, there is a lot of Trump-induced panic on the left and in the media, and yes, the environment around some college campuses is hysterical and illiberal, with the spasms of violence at Berkeley and Middlebury particularly ugly case studies.
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For every inspiring example of people power in places like Hong Kong, Iran and Sudan, there are equally alarming cases of countries sliding back into "illiberal democracy," as in Hungary, or simply dysfunction and paralysis, as in the United Kingdom.
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And with a traditionalist turn in theology could come the return of an illiberal or post-liberal Catholic politics — one already visible here and there online, in the zeal of certain Catholic trads for Trumpism and far-right politics in general.
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Since returning to power in 2010, Mr. Orban has meticulously crafted what he calls an "illiberal" state, using his power to unilaterally overhaul Hungary's Constitution, change the country's election laws to favor his party and undermine the independence of the judiciary.
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But liberal societies have always depended on an illiberal or pre-liberal substructure to answer the varied human needs — meaning, belonging, a vertical dimension to human life, a hope against mortality — that neither John Stuart Mill nor Karl Marx adequately addressed.
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Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orban, who boasts of having established an "illiberal democracy", is planning a public vote in October to defy EU rules obliging member states to share the burden of taking in refugees flooding into Greece and Italy.
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Democracy, Mounk argues that liberal democracy — "the unique mix of individual rights and popular rule that has long characterized most governments in North America and Western Europe" — is decomposing into warped incarnations of its constituent elements: illiberal democracy and undemocratic liberalism.
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Bellow, in his turn, acquired other controversial books like Illiberal Education by the conservative pundit Dinesh D'Souza (when he was starting out and still considered a mainstream conservative, rather than a racist felon) and David Brock's The Real Anita Hill.
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The European Union thus gives the impression that democracy will always be taken care of by the nation-state; and the technocratic liberal repair crew from Brussels only makes a call in a European capital, if there is a malfunction with the rule of law (hence the undermining of political rights and independent institutions appears like a technical glitch, not as the conscious authoritarian project it actually is.) The notion of "illiberal democracy" has also made it easier for European elites to claim that the people themselves have unfortunately turned out to be illiberal and brought these authoritarian governments on themselves.
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That is why he so eagerly supports illiberal nationalist parties in Western Europe, such as Ms Le Pen's FN. "We see how many Euro-Atlantic countries are in effect turning away from their roots, including their Christian values," he said in 2013.
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The illiberal economy, particularly in America, has given rise to a host of ills: The West's new framework of property rights and political freedoms unleashed a surge of creative energy * Restrictive zoning ordinances make the cost of living in high-growth cities prohibitive.
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As it was, the army had been using lèse-majesté and other laws to suppress all manner of inconvenient debate, over the incompetence of the ruling junta, say, or shortcomings of the illiberal constitution it foisted on the country earlier this year.
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Gabbard's penchant for strangely reasoned defenses of militant foreign strongmen — she's an avowed fan of India's anti-Muslim, illiberal Prime Minister Narendra Modi — has contributed to her marginalization not only from both the Clintonite Democratic center but the also the Warren-Sanders left.
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Lastly, the leaders were due to ponder the EU's next budget, covering the years 2021 to 2027, where disagreements over regional payments to illiberal member states and old bugbears like the wasteful common agricultural policy (CAP) make a final agreement before 2020 unlikely.
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Since 2010, Orbán has sought to transform Hungary into what he calls an "illiberal state," melding crony capitalism with a crackdown on the independent judiciary and media, a restructuring of the electoral system, and a string of other assaults on civil institutions.
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"We have leaders flirting with another set of values," said a third, referring to Orban's call for "illiberal democracy" and his attacks on an open refugee policy which he says is promoted by Brussels officials set on imposing a new "empire" on Hungary.
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Under the Law and Justice party, Poland has embarked on building an illiberal democracy similar to Viktor Orban's in Hungary, purging much of the army's leadership, inserting political loyalists throughout the civil service and further limiting women's reproductive rights in the Catholic country.
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Merkel's address comes at a time when the EU is searching for answers to a U.S. president who views the EU with contempt, to the rise of illiberal democracies and nationalist parties within its borders, and to Britain's vote to leave the bloc.
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Orban, whose outspoken opposition to admitting refugees and embrace of "illiberal democracy" have boosted his popularity at home but drawn condemnation abroad, was Cameron's only ally in a failed 2014 attempt to block the appointment of Jean-Claude Juncker as European Commission president.
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There is a tendency at times to try to fit current movements into understandable constructs — some refer to terrorist groups in the Middle East as Islamofascists — but scholars say there is a spectrum that includes right-wing nationalism, illiberal democracy and populist autocracy.
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Europe is beset by crises: the euro zone is troubled and divided, the refugee problem has not gone away, countries such as Hungary and Poland have lurched in an illiberal direction, and populist (and often anti-EU) parties are everywhere on the rise.
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Together with the other Nordic countries, they hold the solutions to many of the problems of modern society, a source of inspiration for all of us who believe in freedom and democracy in the midst of the onslaught of Putin-esque illiberal thought.
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This crisis is evidence of Mr. Kaczynski's illiberal view of democracy — shared with his friend, Prime Minister Viktor Orban of Hungary — as license for a majority to ride roughshod over any institutional checks and balances, whether internal or inherent in E.U. membership.
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All of this presents a growing existential challenge for the EU. Alongside Poland's move in a similarly illiberal direction, Orban's continued strength sharpens two critical questions: First, how to impose costs on countries that buck EU institutions and ideals without alienating them further.
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Books like Allan Bloom's Closing of the American Mind and Dinesh D'Souza's Illiberal Education popularized the idea that professors infected their students with relativism, liberalism, and leftism, laying the intellectual groundwork for a new effort to limit the influence of liberal scholars.
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In addition, the EU is divided and distracted by a lack of consensus on migration and immigration, a German coalition running out of steam, increasingly undemocratic governments in Poland and Hungary, and an Italian government both illiberal and in many ways anti-European.
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" Worse, when Illing asked Ziblatt whether he could "think of historical examples of democracies drifting into this illiberal territory and then bouncing back before it was too late to undo the damage to liberal institutions," Ziblatt responded with a rather bracing "no.
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And one of the most important right-wing illiberal leaders in Europe, Marine Le Pen, who wound up being in the final round of contention for the French presidency in 213, has admitted that she received a very large loan from Vladimir Putin.
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Serwer, like many critics of the Trump-era right, thinks otherwise, and in an Atlantic essay he argues at length that religious conservatives are increasingly illiberal and authoritarian in their rejection of the secular and socially liberal destination where American democracy is heading.
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The order originates in specific incidents: a student harassed by school officials for her anti-abortion messaging, the creation of illiberal speech codes, and the shout-downs that conservative speakers like Heather Mac Donald and Charles Murray have endured during their campus visits.
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Another concern I've heard on the left, and this was articulated nicely by Slate's Michelle Goldberg, is that you've conflated the illiberal excesses of the "social justice warriors" with race and gender politics as such, and these are not the same things.
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BRUSSELS — As Prime Minister Viktor Orban steadily established an "illiberal state" in Hungary, dismantling the country's checks and balances, stacking its constitutional court with loyalists and creating a template for other far-right leaders, a powerful group of European politicians took note.
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The other argument begins with acceptance of this failure yet suggests the recent history of US intervention obligates Washington to somehow "finish what it began," to leave the right way and ensure Afghanistan does not become more dangerous or illiberal after we depart.
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Looking ahead: The American penalty may spur other countries to impose similar measures, or raise pressure on Sri Lanka to pursue its own war crimes tribunals — though there are signs that the country is taking an illiberal turn under President Gotabaya Rajapaksa.
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But the prevailing mood, led by the Commission vice president, Frans Timmermans, is that the challenge of Poland and Hungary cannot go unmet, and that other countries flirting with forms of "illiberal democracy," like Slovakia and the Czech Republic, should see consequences.
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Major research universities will likely be under a spotlight, criticized for supposedly providing a platform for political craziness rather than innovative research, and surely there will be liberal arts college professors labeled "illiberal liberals" (or worse) before the first semester is out.
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Now, if the party prevails, its success could be the final chapter in Poland's long progression from a model Eastern European nation — and one of the first former Communist nations to join the union — to what its opponents are calling an illiberal democracy.
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Philosophers from Karl Popper to John Rawls have wrestled with the "paradox of tolerance": Liberals must admit illiberal voices to the public forum, but at some point, liberals have to take a stand against illiberalism, lest they be destroyed — along with tolerance itself.
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In principle, such a manifold EU will allow for the East's self-proclaimed illiberal democracies to remain in the single market, refusing to relocate a single refugee or to adhere to standards of press freedom and judicial independence that other European countries consider essential.
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A dark shadow behind this Illiberal International is what commentators tend to describe as a mafia state, which spans from Siberian oil wells and mineral deposits plundered by Putin's entourage to European financial centers in London and Zurich and virtual offshores in Delaware and Nevada.
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"Marxist theory does not care about individual rights," his readers learn, while, "Political correctness borrows its illiberal model of political discourse from Marxism"—as if Marxist theory and political correctness are buddies who meet up for drinks to plot the demise of free speech.
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READ MORE: How Hungary made George Soros the ultimate villain to nationalists around the world Since returning to power in 2010, Orban has taken his country in an increasingly illiberal direction — eroding democratic institutions, clamping down on civil society, and co-opting the media.
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In Western Europe this network of mainstreamers and their sometimes violent street-level supporters are winning ever larger electoral majorities; in countries like Poland and Hungary they are already in power, and attempting to restructure education, immigration, and the judiciary in their own illiberal image.
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Democratic leaders should make abundantly clear that their dealings with Mr. Erdogan are emphatically not an endorsement of his illiberal rule, and that a turn back to the democratic promise of the early A.K.P. is a far surer path to partnership with the West.
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The era Sullivan looks back on fondly was, by almost any measure, more illiberal in its politics and more fundamental in its conflicts, in part because the meaning of America — who got to participate in it, and whose claims it heard — was so deeply contested.
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Whether a wealthy oligarch with vast financial interests would prove as illiberal as Viktor Orban, Hungary's populist prime minister, and Jaroslaw Kaczynski, the leader of Poland's governing right-wing party, remains uncertain in a country as secular and Western-oriented as the Czech Republic.
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In sum, we cannot be the keepers of what you might call liberal civilization — I'm using the word liberal in its broad, philosophical sense, not the narrowly American ideological one — if our readers have illiberal instincts, incurious minds, short attention spans and even shorter fuses.
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The governments in Poland and Hungary fear that further political integration will endanger the illiberal regimes they have put in place, while many Eastern Europeans fear that any Macron-Merkel initiative could result in a two-tiered Europe where they are second-class citizens.
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This social division is similar to the one that drove the Brexit vote in Britain and Donald Trump's rise in the United States.. Mr. Trump's ascent poses a unique challenge to the American system because he fits comfortably into the trend toward illiberal democracy.
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A country that regards itself as the foremost exporter of liberal democracy around the world is also now a country whose leader goes around making illiberal, undemocratic requests of its apparent allies—and has a pliant crew of partisans back home to defend every move.
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But is also is a sign that the Trump administration might be willing to expand ongoing efforts to attack the speech rights of Palestinian campuses on campus, an extension of an illiberal trend in organized pro-Israel advocacy that should trouble all of us.
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In the early 19th century, several factions warred in southern California: liberal Mexican nationalists and illiberal ones, those who hoped for an independent California, and those who worked the "Texas game" — hoping to provoke a rebellion or a war that would culminate in annexation by America.
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Anger over immigration has fuelled the rise of illiberal regimes in central Europe; it is the main reason why right-wing populist parties are now in power in six of the European Union's 28 countries; it explains much of the popularity of Brexit, and of Donald Trump.
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The backdrop: Since 2010, Prime Minister Viktor Orbán has sought to transform Hungary into what he calls an "illiberal state," melding crony capitalism with a crackdown on the independent judiciary and media, a restructuring of the electoral system, and a string of other assaults on civil institutions.
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In 2016 Theresa May, his British counterpart, rallied her party by attacking "citizens of nowhere" who "find your patriotism distasteful, your concerns about immigration parochial, your views about crime illiberal, your attachment to your job security inconvenient" in a speech that could have come from UKIP.
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Lilia Shevtsova, a political analyst in Moscow, said neo-fascism in liberal societies in the West stems from crisis or dysfunction while in illiberal countries like Russia and Turkey it reflects an attempt to fill the void left by the failure of Western notions to catch on.
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While this new Italy is unlikely to become as illiberal and authoritarian as other EU member states (think Hungary and Poland), it will probably start to look something like Austria: This will probably mean implementing tough anti-immigrant policies while maintaining a façade of democratic normality.
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But because it makes no mention of democracy and equality, and reduces the status of the Arabic language, it has produced a backlash in Israel among the Druze and Arab citizens, and an outcry in the Diaspora that Israel seems to be adopting increasingly illiberal laws.
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Mr. Orban has long viewed the school as a bastion of liberalism, presenting a threat to his vision of creating an "illiberal democracy," and his desire to shut it down was only deepened by its association with Mr. Soros, a philanthropist who was born in Hungary.
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The United States, whose overthrow of the freely elected leader of Guatemala, Jacobo Arbenz Guzman, in 1954 led to many decades of repression, civil war and illiberal democracy in that land, now has a chance to reclaim its democratic values by pressing Guatemala to keep the commission.
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Kubitschek does not hesitate to provoke in the service of his New Right cause, but he also has a talent for couching his illiberal ideology in innocuous-seeming, even liberal-sounding precepts that keep him within the bounds of acceptable discourse even as he expands them.
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Note, for example, that the far-right candidate Maxime Bernier, whose People's Party sought to emulate Europe's populists with an illiberal, anti-immigrant, climate-skeptical and socially regressive platform, failed miserably, losing his own seat in Parliament and falling short of 2 percent of the vote nationwide.
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American and European officials have condemned the law, which sent a chill through academic circles in Hungary and resulted in protests by tens of thousands of people against Mr. Orban and his embrace of "illiberal democracy," which puts majority rule over pluralist expression and minority rights.
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But it also kept him insulated from the fights that were happening on the ground — fights over newfangled terms like intersectionality -- and fresh minefields like a new economic socialism, the #MeToo movement, a debate over slavery reparations, an illiberal crackdown on "triggering" speech, and a growing anti-Israel hostility.
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Orbán has sought to transform Hungary into what he calls an "illiberal state" by cracking down on independent institutions and civil society, forcing many of his allies — including the Trump administration and the conservative European People's Party — to decide whether to speak out in defense of western values.
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Concerns that Texas could suffer similarly have probably increased since then—following a decision by California's government in June to ban publicly-funded travel to Texas on account of another illiberal measure passed by its legislature, a religious liberty law that could prevent gay couples adopting or fostering children.
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What we now think of as the brilliantly successful postwar international order was a response to the repeated tragedies that had preceded it — and the menace of an expansionist, illiberal Soviet Union reminded Americans that tragedy could all too easily recur if the United States pursued a different path.
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Why it matters: Long one of the most democratic states in Southeast Asia, the Philippines has seen under Duterte an illiberal crackdown on the press, judiciary and political opposition and an anti-drug campaign that reportedly has led to the deaths of over 12,000 people, often through extrajudicial killings.
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Mr Orban's depiction of himself as the defender of Christian Europe against enemies from without (hordes of criminal migrants) and within (NGOs, effete EU bureaucrats and George Soros), wrapped up in his "illiberal democracy", may look like a challenge to European values, but it is largely window-dressing.
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"This is an illiberal world that China is trying to build and it doesn't look like the world that Deng tried to bring China into in the 1980s and 90s," Kennedy told CNBC on Wednesday, referring to late Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping, the architect of the country's economic reforms.
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I have written extensively about the threats to liberal democracy across the globe, and about the importance of what happens in the US. If Trump wins reelection, it will not only affect the future of the US, but it will give new impetus to the illiberal authoritarian trend.
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"If the majority of people want to use it as consumers and if a large proportion of the people who want to participate in it as drivers want it to exist then it seems a bit illiberal to say that we should be preventing it from operating," he added.
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But his lecture had concluded on a downbeat note, for liberal democracy now finds its star fading, dimmed by challengers from various corners: by ethno-nationalist pseudo-populism and illiberal autocrats in countries such as Hungary and Brazil, by authoritarian capitalism offering economic growth without political freedom in China.
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The 54-year-old Hungarian premier, who secured a third straight term in office in elections on Sunday, has set out to transform Hungary into an "illiberal democracy" with sweeping reforms in the past years that have earned him accusations of authoritarianism and conflicts with the European Union.
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The order is being challenged from various directions and sources: rising powers strive for influence; illiberal governments and authoritarian regimes are ascending; anti-modern thinking is gaining traction and influence even within Western democracies; Russia is challenging the peaceful European order; and new technologies are disrupting old economic structures.
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But while shelter-in-place orders and amped-up digital surveillance may be helpful in containing the virus's spread, they carry the danger that temporary exigencies be confused with permanent necessities, that the illiberal exception becomes the rule — survive the crisis and threaten our politics, even in normal times.
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So, yes, Barisan Nasional was corrupt and illiberal — but it became that way partly in response to structural features in Malaysia's political system that, when mapped onto the country's ethnic and religious divisions, naturally, if paradoxically, create a distance over time between parties in broad coalitions and their constituents.
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The illiberal populism of Donald Trump, Hungary's Viktor Orban or Brazil's Jair Bolsonaro, each of whom was more or less fairly elected, entails the cynical and reckless use of the mechanisms of democracy to disenfranchise political minorities, politicize the state, stigmatize immigrants and other "outsiders," and diminish civil liberties.
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Editorial Stopping over in Poland on his way to the Group of 20 summit meeting in Germany gives President Trump a chance to briefly bask in the acclaim of a right-wing, illiberal Polish leadership before he starts taking flak from more powerful allies like Germany and France.
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At 75, Mr. Jeszenszky, who calls himself a liberal conservative, could choose to stay in his elegant Budapest apartment and tune out the depressing reality as his country sinks deeper into Mr. Orban's dystopian vision of a so-called illiberal democracy veering further and further from democratic norms.
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There are other geopolitical reasons beyond my ken for the rise of Vladimir Putin in Russia and Viktor Orbán in Hungary, but there is something about imitate us that helps account both for the rise of these forms of illiberal democracy and for the one that's been hatched here.
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From the outset, there were concerns that he would follow the example of other populist leaders, such as Viktor Orban in Hungary, and lead his party to use democratic means to build an "illiberal democracy," a kind of soft authoritarianism where the essential organs of the state are compromised.
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In the wake of Brexit and the election of Donald Trump, with Recep Tayyip Erdogan and Narendra Modi's voter-sanctioned authoritarianism and the Polish and Hungarian governments' rejection of liberal values, and of migrants, the consensus is that there is a new nationalist, illiberal wave washing over the Earth.
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Once a critic of Moscow, Orbán has more recently praised Russia as a model for the "illiberal" state he seeks to create in Hungary, and is said to have taken a lead from the Kremlin's "foreign agent" laws when cooking up controversial proposals to clamp down on foreign-funded, nongovernmental organizations.
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But today, the contours of a new East bloc are visible: a loose alliance of authoritarian, nationally minded democracies centered around Hungary and Poland that, ironically in light of history, tend to emulate not the liberal Western democracies of France and Germany, but rather of Vladimir Putin's illiberal, autocratic Russia.
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We don't know yet how much his leadership will erode support for democracy among his loyal base, but without powerful conservative voices offering an alternative vision of what it means to be a Republican, it's unlikely that most Trump voters will push back on his illiberal impulses on their own.
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And rights experts, political analysts and academics say that, given Mr. Orban's track record and espousal of "illiberal democracy," the measures he says he is taking to fight the virus could become fixtures in Hungarian public life, used to crack down on opposition well after the threat of the virus passes.
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The aim of the program, called Countering High-Tech Illiberalism, as it's described on the Web site for the Quadrivium foundation, founded by James and his wife, Kathryn, is "to craft effective, practical, actionable, and ambitious policies domestically and abroad" that impair illiberal populism, such as fighting disinformation and electoral interference.
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Unfortunately, the illiberal turn in Hungary and Poland — marked by attempts to control the courts, tame independent news media, and interfere in civil society (not to mention politicians' base nationalistic rhetoric) — has forced many Western Europeans to close their ears to what may be in some instances legitimate Central European grievances.
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Quite the opposite: The growing middle classes across Africa, Asia and the Middle East seem disinclined to push for democratic reform, while segments of the European and American middle classes, feeling threatened by the rapid socioeconomic transformations of our time, have proven quite open to the appeals of illiberal demagogy.
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On Sunday, Viktor Orban's Fidesz party will likely cruise to another victory in Hungary's general election, giving Mr. Orban, the reigning champion of "illiberal democracy" — a term he proudly embraces — a fourth term to pursue his assault on democratic institutions, immigrants, the European Union and anything smacking of social change.
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" Never mind that historians like Jill Lepore have called the secession of the Confederacy an act of "illiberal nationalism"; never mind that Lowry evinces a deep antipathy to federal power elsewhere in the book, especially if it offers to do something so nefarious as strengthen "the welfare and regulatory state.
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On the first point, it's true that black America has never formed an illiberal bloc in American politics, and true as well that the dominant, so far victorious strain in African-American activism and political thought is represented by the fulfill-the-founding patriotism that binds Frederick Douglass and the Rev.
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Critics may believe that the socialist goals are bad ones; that, as a matter of fact, their policy ideas will not achieve those goals; that, even if the policies were to work, they would be too illiberal to stomach; or that, whether they work or not, they will cost the critic money.
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But the roots of the current crisis, in which the life of a cow is considered more sacred than that of a teenaged boy, go much deeper than Modi, reaching into the fundamental battle for modern India's soul, between illiberal Hindutva forces and a pluralistic tradition that has rarely looked so vulnerable.
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But for now, the administration continues to defend illiberal leaders like Saudi Arabian crown prince Mohammad Bin Salman, despite his unpunished involvement in the murder of Jamal Khashoggi, and Egyptian strongman Abdel Fattah Sisi, who will likely remain in power as president in the long term thanks to a proposed constitutional change.
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The reanimation of Italy's political ghosts is a worrying harbinger for a European Union already weakened by Britain's decision to leave the bloc, the electoral setbacks of Chancellor Angela Merkel of Germany, the long shadow of Russia and the rise of an illiberal bloc of nations in the eastern part of the Continent.
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It is of course true that one can point to illiberal behavior by activists in the name of identity politics: Think of the student group at the City University of New York that attempted to shout down a relatively mainstream conservative legal scholar's lecture out of hostility to his views on immigration law.
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The European Union has its hands full with the continued failure of most of its members to accept their quota of refugees, with the disastrous negotiations over Brexit, and the continued intransigence of the illiberal governments in Poland and in Hungary, all of which are closely tied to the populist wave in Europe.
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In many cases, decisions like that one were more illiberal than anything we are seeing today, but they were less visible, particularly to the majority — that is why so much of the civil rights movement's strategy was about provoking the violence of the system to make itself seen on the nightly news.
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" In their 2017 paper "How to Lose a Constitutional Democracy," UChicago law professors Aziz Huq and Tom Ginsburg concur, writing, "The presidential effort to pack the Supreme Court represents a low point for the rule of law in the United States, and is a technique that has been followed by modern-day illiberal democrats.
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With America's president, Donald Trump, tempted by isolation and morally adrift, Britain in retreat and illiberal powers on the continent's doorstep, Mr Macron sees this as Europe's moment to reassert itself and its values as a guarantor of the democratic liberal order, but also as a place that secures decent lives for its people.
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The matter was put to a vote due to longstanding tensions over the authoritarian direction of Orban's nationalist government, which, since coming to power in 2010, has set about remaking Hungary as a bastion of "illiberal democracy" — one based on conservative Christian values, as opposed to the pluralistic, liberal values of the European establishment.
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A fervent foe of homosexuality and any attempt to put individual rights above those of family, community or nation, the Russian Orthodox Church helps project Russia as the natural ally of all those who pine for a more secure, illiberal world free from the tradition-crushing rush of globalization, multiculturalism and women's and gay rights.
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As in Hungary, where the government is engaged in building an "illiberal" democracy, Law and Justice's populist agenda includes toppling the perceived dominance of a Western-leaning liberal elite, rolling back socially liberal values to align with the country's conservative roots, and wresting power from Brussels to restore national control over the country's affairs.
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Notwithstanding Mr. Trump's own worryingly illiberal rhetoric on law and order issues, the American government, along with allies such as Japan and the European Union, would be in a better position to nudge the Philippines toward a more humane, public-health-focused drug policy if bilateral relations returned to the way things were before.
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These values cannot be overridden by popular passions, and one of the things you see consistently from Trump is the feeling that if he finds something that hits a nerve with the public, like the ban on Muslims, the fact that it may be unconstitutional or deeply illiberal doesn't seem to bother him at all.
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The stridently anti-immigration prime minister, an early supporter of U.S. President Donald Trump and whose "illiberal state" ideal is modeled on Russia and Turkey, has called groups like corruption watchdog Transparency International and human rights advocate the Hungarian Helsinki Committee "foreign agents" working against Hungarian interests, for example because they offer legal representation to asylum-seekers.
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One of the most extraordinary -- and outright astonishing -- of these is the fact that the governments in Hungary and Poland are embracing illiberal policies and flirting with authoritarian and nationalist ideals, which are, at best, at odds with the ideals of human rights and pluralist democracy that form the ethos of the Treaty of Rome in its various iterations.
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European leaders now worry that Trump's illiberal aims go well beyond his insistent demands on Merkel to pay more for NATO and stop shipping so many cars to the U.S. "Many European leaders have told me that they are convinced that President Trump is determined to destroy the E.U.," a former senior U.S. official told me.
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And that meant going after Hillary Clinton, that meant going after some of the liberal centrist and Christian democratic and social democratic political forces in continental Europe and lifting up alternatives that were essentially pro-Russian and shared Vladimir Putin's extremely illiberal, anti-Muslim and anti-equality, in a way, social equality view of the world.
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Its passage demonstrated the ascendancy of ultranationalists in Israel's government, who have been emboldened by the gains of similarly nationalist and populist movements in Europe and elsewhere, as Mr. Netanyahu has increasingly embraced illiberal democracies like that of Hungary — whose far-right prime minister, Viktor Orban, arrived in Jerusalem for a friendly visit only hours before the vote.
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What seems to matter to Thiel, a "libertarian," is not that Trump upholds the Constitution or that his policies are pro-market or pro-liberty or non-coercive, but that these examples of a nation mismanaged are all indictments of the status quo, so let's move on — even if that means moving on to something illiberal, even authoritarian.
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But as America, Britain and other Western countries struggle with divisions that are straining their democracies, and illiberal states such as China grow in stature, Japan's leaders reckon the country can play a role in promoting the liberal norms that have served the world so well in the post-war era, and reminding other countries of their benefits.
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Illiberal Education (1991) is a fairly standard-issue critique of what D'Souza deems "political correctness" on college campuses, focusing in particular on affirmative action policies in both student admissions and faculty hiring, and on what D'Souza saw as an abandonment of the traditional Western canon through the inclusion of more modern female, non-white, and non-heterosexual writers.
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His defiantly illiberal politics has emerged as one of the most serious threats to the EU in recent years, highlighting the growing tensions between the governments in Western Europe who see the bloc as upholding liberal values, and increasingly emboldened governments in Central and Eastern Europe who are challenging the Brussels consensus on thorny issues such as immigration, multiculturalism, and identity.
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"Studying human genetic diversity is easier in a society where diversity is clearly valued and celebrated — right now, that is very much on my mind," said John Novembre, a University of Chicago evolutionary biologist who has taken to concluding his visiting seminars by illustrating how one of the field's textbook examples of natural selection has been adopted for illiberal ends.
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He upbraids the European Union for insufficient sensitivity to the national yearnings of Poland and Hungary — never quite saying whether the E.U.'s error has been in condemning those countries' drift toward illiberal democracy or in admitting them into the E.U. club in the first place — and admonishes the Clinton and Obama administrations for a similar tin ear toward Russia.
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"So people are saying, well, if Europe and the United States don't look like brilliant generous examples anymore, the illiberal, chauvinistic politicians in emerging or protested democracies like India, you know Modi looks around and sees Trump doing this, and sees Orban doing this, and sees Poland doing this, and he thinks, 'What the hell, I can do it too,'" he said.
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He's written 16 books, many of them best-sellers, most of which either critique liberal attitudes on race and gender (Illiberal Education, The End of Racism), defend the concept of America against perceived enemies (What's So Great About America, America: Imagine a World Without Her), or defend orthodox Christian theology (What's So Great About Christianity, Life After Death: The Evidence).
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Here Serwer is stating with particular force something that most liberals seem to believe: That populism in all its forms, but maybe religious conservatism especially, is best understood as the illiberal rage of the formerly privileged, the longtime white-male-Christian winners of our history, at discovering that under conditions of equality they don't get to be the rulers anymore.
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Why it matters: At a time when mainstream governments across Europe are doing their best to contain the far right, Trump's outreach to Orbán will be seen as an effort to bolster populists, weaken Europe's strained political center and undermine the EU. Background: Orbán was an early proponent of the right-wing populism that has been surging across Europe — "illiberal democracy," as he brands it.
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" A fan of Russian autocrat Vladimir PutinVladimir Vladimirovich PutinAs Buttigieg rises, Biden is still the target Yang jokes first thing he'd say to Putin as president is 'Sorry I beat your guy' Biden: Impeachment hearings show 'Trump doesn't want me to be the nominee' MORE, Orban is consolidating power at home while exhorting Europeans to follow him in adopting a new model of "illiberal democracy.
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As Larry Diamond, editor of The Journal of Democracy, pointed out to me, several studies he's been publishing show that the best way to defeat illiberal populism is not by trying to out-polarize the polarizer in chief but rather through broad, inclusive electoral strategies that pragmatically address the economic and social concerns of voters, including those who had previously voted for the populist.
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Finally, they're worse because European governance has a greater democracy deficit than the United States, and because the European ruling class already relies more than its American counterpart on illiberal methods — restrictions on speech that would be the envy of our campus commisars, counterterrorism methods that would make Jeff Sessions blush, even the spread of "voluntary" euthanasia as a solution to age and illness and unhappiness — to maintain the continental peace.
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Think of four recent examples: Greece being socially and economically "humiliated" by some European leaders and international institutions; far-right activists gaining votes across the continent and waving banners against the EU, immigrants and Islam; the impossibility in agreeing on reasonable quotas to relocate refugees across the continent; and the almost illiberal drift in nations such Hungary and Poland, where the far-right turn is led by (apparently) moderate center-right forces.
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EVEN BEFORE the assassination on Malta in 2017 of a journalist and anti-corruption campaigner, Daphne Caruana Galizia, the EU's smallest state was a cause for concern—a tightly knit Mediterranean society in which reciprocal favours and obligations frequently trumped respect for the law; an island with a financial centre that had outgrown the regulatory capacity of its authorities; a country some of whose politicians had disconcertingly cosy relationships with tax havens, illiberal democracies and outright dictatorships.
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It might see defence laggards like Germany contribute more to common security; illiberal governments like that of Poland reinstate democratic norms and co-operate more on migration; northern "Hanseatic" states like the Netherlands tolerate more euro-zone integration and contribute to managing migration flows; debtor states like Italy accept write-downs of risky loans and greater common budgetary oversight; and big farming states like France accept a trimming of farm handouts in return for extra spending on regions, migration management and common defence.
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Putin and his cronies have stolen hundreds of billions of dollars from the Russian people and laundered their ill-gotten wealth through anonymous shell companies that they use to secretly invest in high-end properties located mainly in the U.S. and the U.K. Moreover, Russian oligarchs spend some of this fortune undermining democracies by enriching corruptible elites, donating to illiberal populists, fostering energy dependence, funding networks of pro-Kremlin media outlets and non-governmental organizations, and empowering fringe movements such as paramilitaries.
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It sends exactly the wrong message to Austria's post-communist neighbors in Central Europe, such as Hungary and Poland, where illiberal regimes already hold power and bid to reshape the EU. In fact, it plays right into their hands, underscoring that their visions of an ethnically homogenous Europe of nations could become the rule rather than the exception in the EU. France's far-right leader Marine Le Pen understood Austria's new leadership exactly this way: "It is excellent news for Europe."
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I mean, there isn't going to be a President Trump … but if there were, what does it say about the Journal's editorial page, allegedly a bastion of liberty and cosmopolitan conservatism, that it wants the heir of Kemp and Reagan to keep his options open and his hands undirtied with #neverTrumpism, just in case he might get the chance to help an illiberal race-baiting violence-abetting war crimes-endorsing demagogue pass, I dunno, the biggest supply-side tax cut in the history of the Laffer Curve?
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It is the Ahmarists, not the Frenchists who will be poised to inherit the movement and do the slaying from here on out, not only because their more openly illiberal attitudes sit better with the right's new populism but because, ironically, those attitudes spring from conservatism's deepest, sturdiest roots: The defenses of old hierarchies that led early conservative thinkers like Edmund Burke to regard the then-woolly and new ideals underpinning classical liberalism and its revolutionary proponents with deep caution and often open suspicion.
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But the authors' understanding of American religion seems to start and end with Google searches and anti-evangelical tracts, and their intended attack on Trumpery expands and expands, conflating very different political and religious tendencies, indulging in paranoia about obscure theocratic Protestants and fringe Catholic websites, and ultimately critiquing every kind of American religious conservatism — including the largely anti-political Benedict Option and the pro-life activism fulsomely supported by Francis' papal predecessors — as dangerously illiberal, "theopolitical," Islamic State-esque, "Manichaean," a return to the old integralism that the church no longer supports.
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It appears the editorial board is willing to accommodate Trump as long as conservative economic ideology can remain pure, or as Douthat memorably put it: [W]hat does it say about the Journal's editorial page, allegedly a bastion of liberty and cosmopolitan conservatism, that it wants the heir of Kemp and Reagan to keep his options open and his hands undirtied with #neverTrumpism, just in case he might get the chance to help an illiberal race-baiting violence-abetting war crimes-endorsing demagogue pass, I dunno, the biggest supply-side tax cut in the history of the Laffer Curve?
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Drag Queen Story Hour David on Trump's risky Iran strategy and atheism Bret on the Iran nuclear deal, what a new Iran deal could look like and why the United States should consider sinking Iran's navy Max Boot, "Trump Can't Bluff Our Enemies Into Surrender" (The Washington Post) Sohrab Ahmari, "Against David French-ism" (First Things) David French, "In Defense of 'Frenchism'" (National Review) Adam Serwer, "The Illiberal Right Throws a Tantrum" (The Atlantic) I've been an Op-Ed columnist since 2009, and I write about politics, religion, pop culture, sociology and the places where they all intersect.
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