The app is additionally host to HYPERMEDIA, a digital art space that complements the physicality of the billboards.
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HYPERMEDIA will feature artists and thinkers that work in digital spaces, and is debuting its platform with the work of Dutch composer and artist Zeno van den Broek.
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While there's no known cure for people lost in the augmented reality of Pokemon, Tamiko Thiel's "science fiction future" exhibition, Gardens of the Anthropocene, brings a much-needed dose of reality to the hypermedia sphere.
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As Kati Marton lays out in her profile of the 63-year-old German chancellor — made available to the author for a single question — Ms. Merkel is patently uninterested in the trappings of leadership in the modern, hypermedia age.
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Nelson, who is credited with coining the term hypertext (as well as hypermedia, transclusion, virtuality, and intertwingularity), was an early dreamer with an alternate model for the web's architecture, Project Xanadu, in which the links between webpages are far more visible.
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On a crisp, overcast, and breezy Monday afternoon in San Francisco on December 9, 1968, before an SRO audience of more than 2,19973 slack-jawed computer engineers, a soft-spoken engineer named Douglas Engelbart held the first public demonstration of word processing, point-and-clicking, dragging-and-dropping, hypermedia and hyperlinking, cross-file editing, idea/outline processing, collaborative groupware, text messaging, onscreen real-time video teleconferencing, and a weird little device dubbed a "mouse" — the essentials of a graphical user interface (GUI) 15 years before the first personal computers went on sale.
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After 1996, adaptive hypermedia grew rapidly. Research teams commenced projects in adaptive hypermedia, and many students selected the subject area for their PhD theses. A book on adaptive hypermedia, and a special issue of the New Review of Hypermedia and Multimedia (1998) were published. Two main factors accounted for this growth.
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There already exist some approaches to help authors to build adaptive-hypermedia-based systems. However, there is a strong need for high-level approaches, formalisms and tools that support and facilitate the description of reusable adaptive hypermedia and websites. Such models started appearing (see, e.g., the AHAM model of adaptive hypermedia, or the LAOS framework for authoring of adaptive hypermedia).
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Adaptive hypermedia (AH) uses hypermedia which is adaptive according to a user model. In contrast to linear media, where all users are offered a standard series of hyperlinks, adaptive hypermedia (AH) tailors what the user is offered based on a model of the user's goals, preferences and knowledge, thus providing links or content most appropriate to the current user.
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Cello also had sub-par performance in accessing the Internet and processing hypermedia documents.
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By the early 1990s, the two main parent areas – hypertext and user modeling – had achieved a level of maturity that allowed for the research in these areas to be explored together. Many researchers had recognized the problems of static hypertext in different application areas, and explored various ways to adapt the output and behavior of hypertext systems to suit the needs of individual users. Several early papers on adaptive hypermedia were published in the User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction (UMUAI) journal; the first workshop on adaptive hypermedia was held during a user modeling conference; and a special issue of UMUAI on adaptive hypermedia was published in 1996. Several innovative adaptive hypermedia techniques had been developed, and several research-level adaptive hypermedia systems had been built and evaluated.
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In the field of digital and interactive television, Nested Context Language (NCL) is a declarative authoring language for hypermedia documents. NCL documents do not contain multimedia elements such as audio or video content; rather they function as a "glue" language that specifies how multimedia components are related. In particular, NCL documents specify how these components are synchronized relative to each other and how the components are composed together into a unified document. Among its main facilities, it treats hypermedia relations as first-class entities through the definition of hypermedia connectors, and it can specify arbitrary semantics for a hypermedia composition using the concept of composite templates.
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Due a diverse audience, the internet boosted research into adaptivity. Almost all the papers published before 1996 describe classic pre- Web hypertext and hypermedia; the majority of papers published since 1996 are devoted to Web-based adaptive hypermedia systems. The second factor was is the accumulation and consolidation of research experience in the field. Early papers provided few references to similar work in adaptive hypermedia, and described original laboratory systems developed to demonstrate and explore innovative ideas.
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Hypermedia as the Engine of Application State (HATEOAS) is a component of the REST application architecture that distinguishes it from other network application architectures. With HATEOAS, a client interacts with a network application whose application servers provide information dynamically through hypermedia. A REST client needs little to no prior knowledge about how to interact with an application or server beyond a generic understanding of hypermedia. By contrast, clients and servers in CORBA interact through a fixed interface shared through documentation or an interface description language (IDL).
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Adaptive hypermedia is used in educational hypermedia, on-line information and help systems, as well as institutional information systems. Adaptive educational hypermedia tailors what the learner sees to that learner's goals, abilities, needs, interests, and knowledge of the subject, by providing hyperlinks that are most relevant to the user in an effort to shape the user's cognitive load. The teaching tools "adapt" to the learner. On-line information systems provide reference access to information for users with a different knowledge level of the subject.
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According to an article written by Bertrand Gervais in 2009, three main challenges that arose whilst developing the HAL Directory were: 1: Multidisciplinary- Since hypermedia works are formed from and inhabit the intersections between disciplines, and since a field of study dedicated to hypermedia literature and art does not yet exist, NT2 had to compile multidisciplinary teams to describe and organize the works in the database. 2: Location and Identification- Since there is no previously existing database of hypermedia works, NT2 had to develop new strategies for locating and identifying the works cataloged. 3: Specialized Description Protocols- Due to a lack of formalized vocabulary specific to hypermedia works, the HAL Directory is organized around a unique bibliographic system, employing hypermedia-specific vocabulary, and a set of key words based on the pieces themselves rather than on preexisting research taxonomies. The key words relating to interactivity, for example, include 39 options that aim to describe as accurately as possible, a user’s experience with a particular work.
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The URIs for the dynamic resources may be computed from the hypermedia information in the service document and metadata document.
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Dr. Mohler has authored, co-authored, or contributed to over 21 texts related to computer graphics, multimedia, and hypermedia development.
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An adaptive hypermedia system should satisfy three criteria: it should be a hypertext or hypermedia system, it should have a user model and it should be able to adapt the hypermedia using the model. A semantic distinction is made between adaptation, referring to system-driven changes for personalisation, and adaptability, referring to user-driven changes. One way of looking at this is that adaptation is automatic, whereas adaptability is not. From an epistemic point of view, adaptation can be described as analytic, a-priori, whereas adaptability is synthetic, a-posteriori.
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Moreover, the contributions of these various personas correspond to the different modules that are to be expected in adaptive hypermedia systems.
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Klaus Tochtermann is the son of Werner Tochtermann. He graduated from the Kieler Gelehrtenschule in 1983. From 1985 to 1991 he studied computer science at the Kiel University and Dortmund University. At Dortmund University he received his doctorate in computer science with a thesis on A model for hypermedia: description and integrated formalisation of essential hypermedia concepts.
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Multimedia Studies as a discipline came out of the need for media studies to be made relevant to the new world of CD-ROMs and hypertext in the 1990s. Revolutionary books like Jakob Nielsen's 'Hypertext and Hypermedia' book lay the foundations for understanding multimedia alongside traditional cognitive science and interface design issues.Nielsen, J. (1990). Hypertext and Hypermedia.
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H2PTM, or Hypertext Hypermedia Products Tools and Methods, is an international conference on hypermedia. The first congress was held in Paris, in 1989, organized by the Paragraphe Lab, University of Paris VIII. In 2009, H2PTM celebrated its 20th anniversary and was held in Paris in November. The last version took place in Hammamet, Tunisia, in 2007.
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Visual Vision is an Italian software development company founded in 1996. It is known for its multimedia and hypermedia software for Microsoft Windows.
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The NT2’s main project has been the creation of the Hypermedia Art and Literature (HAL) Directory, which began in 2006. An index and showcase of hypermedia works, the database was created in response to the inadequacy of established tools of description for literature, cinema and art, as well as the lack of a substantial repertory for the institutionalisation and collection of these new works. The Directory was created using the open source content management system, Drupal. It is populated by hypertext and hypermedia literary and art works, with a particular emphasis on French language works.
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The first hypermedia application was the Aspen Movie Map in 1978. In 1980, Tim Berners- Lee created ENQUIRE, an early hypertext database system somewhat like a wiki. The early 1980s also saw a number of experimental hypertext and hypermedia programs, many of whose features and terminology were later integrated into the Web. Guide was the first significant hypertext system for personal computers.
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An autolink is a hyperlink added automatically to a hypermedia document, after it has been authored or published. Automatic hyperlinking describes the process or the software feature that produces autolinks. Segments of the hypermedia are identified through a process of pattern matching. For example, in hypertext, the software could recognise textual patterns for street addresses, phone numbers, ISBNs, or URLs.
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As adaptive hypermedia adapts at least to the user, authoring of AH comprises at least a user model, and may also include other aspects.
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Riding the Meridian 2.2 (2000). Forty men in hypermedia Web literature. “The Progressive Dinner Party” – Thirty-nine women writers in e-literature with Carolyn Guertin.
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Microcosm was a hypermedia system, originally developed in 1988 by the Department of Electronics and Computer Science at the University of Southampton, with a small team of researchers in the Computer Science group: Wendy Hall, Andrew Fountain, Hugh Davis and Ian Heath. The system pre-dates the web and builds on early hypermedia systems, such as Ted Nelson's work and that of Douglas Engelbart.
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OOHDM (Object Oriented Hypermedia Design Method) is a method for the development of Web applications. It was one of the first methods to postulate the separation of concerns that defines its various models - requirements, conceptual, navigation, abstract interface and implementation. OOHDM, and its successor, SHDM (Semantic Hypermedia Design Method, which uses Semantic Web models) are supported by an open source, freely available environment, HyperDE.
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The Collaboration-Authentic Learning-Tool Mediation (CAT) Framework: design, expansive learning and contradictions. World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia and Telecommunications, 2013, submitted, Chesapeake, VA: AACE.
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Content-level and link-level adaptation are distinguished as two different classes of hypermedia adaptation; the first is termed adaptive presentation and the second, adaptive navigation support.
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Multimedia development professionals favor software with audio, motion and interactivity such as software for creating and editing hypermedia, electronic presentations (more specifically slide presentations), computer simulations and games.
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Hall returned to the University of Southampton in 1984 to join the newly formed computer science group there, working in multimedia and hypermedia. Her team invented the Microcosm hypermedia system (before the World Wide Web existed), which was commercialised as a start-up company, Multicosm Ltd. Hall was appointed the University's first female professor of engineering in 1994. She then served as Head of the School of Electronics and Computer Science from 2002–07.
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According to Hypermedia Seduction for Terrorist Recruiting (2007), exploiting ICMP ping responses from broadcast addresses at multiple hosts sharing an Internet address, and forging the ping packet's return address to match a target machine's address, a single malformed packet sent to the "smurf amplifier" will be echoed to the target machine. This has been used to take over IRC servers.Ganor, Boaz; von Knop, Katharina; Duarte, Carlos A. M. (2007). Hypermedia seduction for terrorist recruiting.
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He has also been involved with Michael Groden's group in the envisioning and development of Joyce's Ulysses as hypertext and hypermedia as well as other aspects of the digital humanities.
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Artivismo y represión en Cuba. Informe de un testigo presencial”, Andrés Isaac Santana (editor): Lenguaje sucio. Narraciones críticas sobre el arte cubano Tomo I y II, Editorial Hypermedia, 2019, p.
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The Maryland Institute for Technologies in the Humanities and the Electronic Literature Lab at Washington State University - Vancouver also work towards the documentation and preservation of electronic literature and hypermedia.
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KMS, an abbreviation of Knowledge Management System, was a commercial second generation hypermedia system, originally created as a successor for the early hypermedia system ZOG. KMS was developed by Don McCracken and Rob Akscyn of Knowledge Systems, a 1981 spinoff from the Computer Science Department of Carnegie Mellon University. The purpose of KMS was to let many users collaborate in creating and sharing information within large, shared hypertext, and from the very beginning, the system was designed as a true multi-user system. As a spatial hypermedia system, KMS was intended to represent all forms of explicit 'knowledge artifacts' such as presentations, documents, databases, and software programs, as well as common forms of electronic communication (electronic mail, community bulletin boards, blogs).
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Renov, Michael. "Documentary disavowals or the digital, documentary and postmodernity." Polygraph 13, 2001. Suderburg does not consider film a strictly linear medium but a form of hypermedia embracing both screen and viewer.
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ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29 Coding of audio, picture, multimedia and hypermedia information is a standardization subcommittee of the Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1 of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), that develops and facilitates international standards, technical reports, and technical specifications within the field of audio, picture, multimedia, and hypermedia information coding. The international secretariat of ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29 is the Japanese Industrial Standards Committee (JISC) located in Japan.
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UMAP is the successor of the biennial conference series on User Modeling and Adaptive Hypermedia. The User Modeling series started in 1986 as the First International Workshop on User Modeling (UM) at Maria Laach, Germany and was first officially called a conference at the Fourth International Conference on User Modeling in Hyannis, Massachusetts. The last conference in the original series was UM 2007. The International Conference on Adaptive Hypermedia and Adaptive Web-based Systems (abbreviated as AH) started in 2000.
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Hirata, K., Hara, Y., Shibata, N., Hirabayashi, F., 1993, Media- based navigation for hypermedia systems, in Hypertext '93 Proceedings. considered media based navigation for hypermedia systems, where the same type of media is used as a query as for the media to be retrieved. For example, a part of an image (defined by shape, or color, for example) could link to a related image. In this approach, the content of the video becomes the basis of forming the links to other related content.
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The artist's work is often described as being interdisciplinary, crossing over into different fields of art and writing. These include poetry, hypermedia art, digital art, writing and game play and science., Engage Arts. March 2016.
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Zhu, Erping. Hypermedia Interface Design: The Effects of Number of Links and Granularity of Nodes. Journal of Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia, v8 n3 p331-58 1999 This can be attributed to the decision- making process (deciding whether to click on it) required by each hyperlink, which may reduce comprehension of surrounding text. On the other hand, other studies have shown that if a short summary of the link's content is provided when the mouse pointer hovers over it, then comprehension of the text is improved.
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The term was first used in a 1965 article written by American Sociologist Ted Nelson. Adaptive hypermedia builds on user modelling by increasing personalization of content and interaction. In particular, adaptive hypermedia systems build a model of the goals, preferences and knowledge of each user, in order to adapt to the needs of that user. From the end of the 20th century onwards, the field grew rapidly, mainly due to that the internet boosted research into adaptivity and, secondly, the accumulation and consolidation of research experience in the field.
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Objects such as the course syllabus, the lesson plan, the lecture notes, the class roll, etc. are instantiated in graphic form in a hypermedia database. Furthermore, in HyperCourseware the hypermedia database is used to provide the same sort of natural links between objects as one would expect in the educational materials themselves. For example, the syllabus is a natural navigational mechanism to jump to lectures, readings, and assignments; the classroll is a natural navigational jump to information about students and grades; and the grade list is a natural navigational jump to exams and assignments.
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Himalia combines the Hypermedia Models with the control/composite paradigm. It is a full user interface language, it may be used for specifying but also for running it, because of this the designer tool can categorized as a guilder.
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Robert Weiner, ed. Greenwood Press, Fall (1999). “The Moment in Hypertext: A Brief Lexicon of Time.” Proceedings of the Ninth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia, SIGLINK. (1998). “Walk Four Ways.” Co-authored with Carolyn Guyer, Peg Syverson, and Michael Joyce.
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In 2013, Nelson had a review essay, Poetry in the Age of Hype, published in the poetry journal, The Dark Horse, which questioned whether poetry can be 'overblurbed'; whereby, in attempting to reach new audiences and create greater interest not just in the book but also in poetry itself, publishers may be overloading their praise to the extent of posing a problem for poets attempting to live up to the 'hype'. Nelson's thoughtful take caused the writer & poet Kei Miller to riff on this theme in his follow-up article in 2014, Poetry in the Age of Hypermedia. In his essay, Miller expands the discussion further by examining the role hypermedia (Tweets, Facebook posts, online reviews etc.) plays in carrying the hype to potential readers. Miller contends that the World Wide Web is the most obvious example of hypermedia and that poetry must find a way to live with this world in establishing a place for itself in the future.
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Dreamtime Village residents in the 1990s. Dreamtime Village is an intentional community in West Lima, Wisconsin, United States, whose residents participate in various permaculture, hypermedia, and sustainability projects. Dreamtime was founded in 1990 by Madison artists mIEKAL aND and Lyx Ish.Darlington, Tenaya.
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After 1996, papers cite earlier work, and usually suggest either real world systems, or research systems developed for real world settings by elaborating or an extending techniques suggested earlier. This is indicative of the relative maturity of adaptive hypermedia as a research direction.
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Hypermedia Seduction for Terrorist Recruiting. Conference Papers -- International Studies Association, 1. Although there may be a gender-based distribution of tasks (e.g. especially where participation in combat is involved), this distinction does not apply when it comes to embracing the radical ideology of, or the legitimation of, violent attacks.
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Infinit is a content-addressable and decentralized (peer-to-peer) storage platform that was acquired by Docker Inc. InterPlanetary File System (IPFS), is a content-addressable, peer-to-peer hypermedia distribution protocol. casync is a Linux software utility by Lennart Poettering to distribute frequently-updated file system images over the Internet.
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INFOCOMP Journal of Computer Science () is an international peer-reviewed quarterly scientific journal. The areas of interest covered are artificial intelligence, combinatorial optimization and meta-heuristics, computer graphics, image processing and virtual reality, databases, graphs, applied mathematics and theory of computation, hypermedia and multimedia, information systems, information technology in education, and software engineering.
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J. R. Carpenter (born 1972) is a British-Canadian artist, writer, researcher, performer and maker of maps, zines, books, poems, fiction, non-fiction, non- linear hypermedia narratives, and computer-generated texts. She was born in Nova Scotia in 1972, and lived in Montreal from 1990 to 2009. She now lives in Plymouth, England.
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Various technologies may provide information that may be used for assessment purposes. For example, email, computer conferencing systems, bulletin boards, and hypermedia can be used as media for communication between group members in CSCL classrooms.Hoare, V (2007)(p. 13). This technology can be used to keep a record of the students' interactions.
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Brusilovsky's group has been awarded best paper awards at Adaptive Hypermedia, User Modeling, Hypertext, IUI, ICALT, and EC- TEL conference series. Among these awards are five prestigious James Chen Best Student paper awards. Brusilovsky studied applied mathematics and computer science at the Moscow State University. His doctoral advisor was Lev Nikolayevich Korolyov.
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In this way, RESTful interaction is driven by hypermedia, rather than out-of-band information. For example, this GET request fetches an account resource, requesting details in a JSON representation: GET /accounts/12345 HTTP/1.1 Host: bank.example.com Accept: application/vnd.acme.account+json ... The response is: HTTP/1.1 200 OK Content-Type: application/vnd.acme.
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MeatballWiki was a wiki dedicated to online communities, network culture, and hypermedia. According to founder Sunir Shah, it ran on "a hacked-up version of UseModWiki". In April 2013, after several spam attacks and a period of downtime, the site was made read-only.RecentChanges; first archived "This page is read-only" page.
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Jane Yellowlees Douglas (born J. Yellowlees Douglas; June 25, 1962) is a pioneer author and scholar of hypertext fiction. She began writing about hypermedia in the late 1980s, very early in the development of the medium. Her 1993 fiction I Have Said Nothing, was one of the first published works of hypertext fiction.
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QuickDraw's performance was essential for the success of the Macintosh GUI. He also was one of the main designers of the Lisa and Macintosh user interfaces. Atkinson also conceived, designed and implemented HyperCard, the first popular hypermedia system. HyperCard put the power of computer programming and database design into the hands of nonprogrammers.
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Deena Larsen (born 1964) is a new media, hypertext author. She is best known for creating structural patterns in hypermedia literature. Larsen has been working with electronic literature since the 1980s and is considered one of the pioneer artists in the field.See the Deena Larsen Collection and Currents in Electronic Literacy 5 (Fall 2001) . .
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Among the top academic conferences for new research in hypertext is the annual ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia.. Although not exclusively about hypertext, the World Wide Web series of conferences, organized by IW3C2,. include many papers of interest. There is a list on the Web with links to all conferences in the series..
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When implementing the Interactive Kon-Tiki Museum, Liestol, Gunner. Aesthetic and Rhetorical Aspects of linking Video in Hypermedia Listol used in order to represent video footnotes. Video footnotes were a deliberate extension of the literary footnote applied to annotating video, thereby providing continuity between traditional text and early hypervideo. In 1993, Hirata et al.
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Web Tasking is a set of web user interactions in hypermedia purposefully conducted for the performance of tasks. Web tasking is a term coined intentionally to contrast web browsing (understood as exploration of the World Wide Web by following one interesting link to another, usually with a definite objective but without a planned search strategy).
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HyperCard is a software application and development kit for Apple Macintosh and Apple IIGS computers. It is among the first successful hypermedia systems predating the World Wide Web. HyperCard combines a flat-file database with a graphical, flexible, user-modifiable interface. HyperCard includes a built-in programming language called HyperTalk for manipulating data and the user interface.
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George Paul Landow (b. 25 August 1940) is Professor of English and Art History Emeritus at Brown University. He is a leading authority on Victorian literature, art, and culture, as well as a pioneer in criticism and theory of Electronic literature, hypertext and hypermedia. He also pioneered the use of hypertext and the web in higher education.
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A domain application protocol (DAP) is the set of rules and conventions governing the interactions between participants in a distributed computing application.From Research to Practice, ed. Erik Wilde, Cesare Pautasso, p64 DAPs sit atop HTTP and narrow HTTP's broad application protocol to support specific business goals. Services implement DAPs by adding hypermedia links to resource representations.
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In a distributed hypermedia system, such as the World Wide Web, autolinking can be carried out by client or server software. For example, a web server could add links to a web page as it sends it to a web browser. A browser can also add links to a page after it has received it from the server.
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Several research papers and technology portals describe the system under functionality,Ozarslan, Y., Ozan, O. (2010). eFront Öğrenme Yönetim Sistemi, Akademik Bilisin, 2010 (in Turkish)Kor, B. & Tanrikulu, Z. (2008). Evaluation of Learning Management Systems with Test Tools. In J. Luca & E. Weippl (Eds.), Proceedings of World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia and Telecommunications, 2008 (pp.
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Their main interests are hypermedia art (often known as Internet Art or net.art), new media and e-literature. The archiving of these relatively new forms, thus allowing for long-term study, is central in the NT2’s range of activities. Through ongoing projects and collaborations, the NT2 focuses on promoting a community of interest and a network of researchers.
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Jarmo Viteli is a Finnish academic, and researcher, a professor at the University of Tampere and director of Hypermedia Lab. He speaks about digital media, e-learning and social media. Viteli was the leader of the eTampere program in 2001–2005. He was one of the first academics to combine social media into the research and education in Finland.
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In January 2011 the JCP formed the JSR 339 expert group to work on JAX-RS 2.0. The main targets are (among others) a common client API and support for Hypermedia following the HATEOAS-principle of REST. In May 2013, it reached the Final Release stage. On 2017-08-22 JAX-RS 2.1 specification final release was published.
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Electracy is a theory by Gregory Ulmer that describes the kind of skills and facility necessary to exploit the full communicative potential of new electronic media such as multimedia, hypermedia, social software, and virtual worlds. According to Ulmer, electracy "is to digital media what literacy is to print."Ulmer, G. L. (2003). Internet Invention: From Literacy to Electracy.
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Authoring adaptive hypermedia uses designing and creation processes for content, usually in the form of a resource collection and domain model, and adaptive behaviour, usually in the form of IF-THEN rules. Recently, adaptation languages have been proposed for increased generality.LAG language by Alexander I. Cristea et al., the LAG-XLS language by Natalia Stash et al.
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US patent 5,838,906, titled "Distributed hypermedia method for automatically invoking external application providing interaction and display of embedded objects within a hypermedia document," was filed on October 17, 1994 and granted on November 17, 1998. In Autumn 2003, the inventor of the World Wide Web and the Director of the W3C Consortium Tim Berners-Lee wrote to the Under Secretary of Commerce, asking for this patent to be invalidated, in order to "eliminate this major impediment to the operation of the Web". Leaders of Open Source Community sided with Microsoft in fighting the patent due to its threat to the free nature of the Web and to the basic established HTML standards. The specific concerns of having one company (Eolas) controlling a critical piece of the Web framework were cited.
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The term "Web Tasking" was originally coined by two researchers from IBM Canada CAS Research, Joanna Ng and Diana H. Lau, in "Going Beyond Web Browsing to Web Tasking: Transforming Web Users from Web Operators to Web Supervisors" to depict a set or a sequence of web interactions through hypermedia links for the purpose of performance of tasks. Task elements typically may include a goal, a set of information cues, an action and an outcome (or product). The interaction model of web browsing works well for the web’s original purpose of information search and retrieval. Though the purpose of the web has been extended beyond information search and retrieval into hypermedia-based task executions, the original web interaction model has not been enhanced for native web tasking support.
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The NT2 is both a physical space (a research laboratory at UQAM), and a virtual space (the NT2 website, a hub for hypermedia literature and art). Their mission is to promote the study, understanding, creation, and archiving of new forms of hypermedia literature and art. Its main focus is the assessment and promotion of new expressions of cyberculture, as well as the development of novel strategies for ongoing research relating to new forms of art or text. As such, the NT2 pursues three overarching research objectives: 1:To develop novel research methodologies in the arts and literature 2:To bear witness to the manifestations of cyberculture 3: To promote the research activities of the research community, Figura (Research Center on Texts and the Imaginary) and its Observatory of the Contemporary Imaginary (OIC).
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Sauvage was born in Paris and grew up in Seine-et-Marne. She holds a Master's degree in Information and Communication from the Institut Français de Presse at Paris 2 University and a DESS in Hypermedia and Electronic Publishing from Paris 8 University. Sauvage moved to live in Montreal, Canada, in 2014, after having lived in both Paris and Sydney, Australia.
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The site enables the user to identify typefaces by walking through a series of questions. The principle of identification is to use distinctive features of given letters, and the site returns the designer and manufacturer of the font, as well as the name. Technically it is an application of the Common Lisp Hypermedia Server. The service is used as licensed technology on Fonts.
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Architectural graduates, especially in France, are granted the title élève. The architecture department was separated from the École after the May 1968 student strikes at the Sorbonne. The name was changed to École nationale supérieure des Beaux- Arts. Today, over 500 students make use of an extensive collection of classical art coupled with modern additions to the curriculum, including photography and hypermedia.
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Thierry Bardini (born 1960s) is a French sociologist who has undertaken all of his academic career to date outside France. He is a full professor in the Department of Communication at the Université de Montréal, Canada, where he co-directs the Workshop in Radical Empiricism (with Brian Massumi). He has authored many papers and books on innovation, sociology of technology, and hypermedia.
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In the year 2004, Altair was awarded with the University Journalism Award in the best digital feature category due to its proposals on hypermedia field. Some of the programs that have been produced and broadcast on Altair have had recognition on the Emission Awards, which is a Faculty of Communications’ exhibit that gathers some of the student's most significant academic works.
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Despite this, they were very involved in working on hypertext and hypermedia projects in the late 1980s and early 1990s. A team of women at Brown University, including Nicole Yankelovich and Karen Catlin, developed Intermedia and invented the anchor link. Apple partially funded their project and incorporated their concepts into Apple operating systems. Sun Microsystems Sun Link Service was developed by Amy Pearl.
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Computers are used in education in a number of ways, such as interactive tutorials, hypermedia, simulations and educational games. Tutorials are types of software that present information, check learning by question/answer method, judge responses, and provide feedback. Educational games are more like simulations and are used from the elementary to college level. E learning systems can deliver math lessons and exercises and manage homework assignments.
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The concept postulated three levels of intelligence for such systems: high level tools, the user interface and the database engine. The high level tools manage data quality and automatically discover relevant patterns in the data with a process called data mining. This layer often relies on the use of artificial intelligence techniques. The user interface uses hypermedia in a form that uniformly manages text, images and numeric data.
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A set of spectacular arctic ICE core holographic images were recently exhibited in St Petersburg. Alongside Ilze Black and Martin Howse, he was a member of TAKE2030, a brave new media society that operated in parallel net media scheme. The London based collective produced public art projects, shifting social network missions into hypermedia playing fields. Past projects include RichAir2030, UK, EU (2003-2004) and Lets do Lunch, London (2005).
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The MPSJ Stadium in USJ 5 comprises a large football turf and an athletic running field. Hypermedia library, petting zoo and art gallery can be found at Kompleks 3C MPSJ in SS13. There are many indoor soccer centres, squash, tennis and badminton courts in Subang Jaya. Golf clubs include the Subang Racquet and Golf Club, Subang National Golf Club Glenmarie Golf & Country Club and Saujana Golf and Country Club.
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Waxweb is a hypermedia version of the film Wax or the Discovery of Television Among the Bees by David Blair. The online version of Waxweb has been hosted since 1994 by the Institute for Advanced Technology in the Humanities at the University of Virginia. It is an 85 minute movie in 80,000 pieces. In the story at the centre of Waxweb Jacob Maker is a beekeeper who designs flight simulators.
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User browsing behavior is often tracked using server access logs which contain patterns of clicked URLs, queries, and paths. However, more modern tracking software utilizes JavaScript in order to track cursor behavior. The collected mouse data can be used to create videos, allowing for user behavior to be replayed and easily analyzed. Hypermedia is used to create such visualizations that allow for behavior like highlighting, hesitating, and selecting to be monitored.
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Kinoautomat (1967) was the world's first interactive movie. Modern Hypervideo systems implements some of core concepts of this movie such as non linear narrative and interactivity. Video-to-video linking was demonstrated by the Interactive Cinema Group at the MIT Media Lab. Elastic Charles was a hypermedia journal developed between 1988 and 1989, in which annotations, called "micons", were placed inside a video, indicating links to other content.
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Nelson covers the flexible media potential of the computer, which was shockingly new at the time. He saw the use of hypermedia and hypertext, both terms he coined, being beneficial for creativity and education. He urged readers to look at the computer not as just a scientific machine, but as an interactive machine that can be accessible to anyone. In this section, Nelson also described the details of Project Xanadu.
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HyTime (Hypermedia/Time-based Structuring Language) is a markup language that is an application of SGML. HyTime defines a set of hypertext-oriented element types that, in effect, supplement SGML and allow SGML document authors to build hypertext and multimedia presentations in a standardized way. HyTime is an international standard published by the ISO and IEC. The first edition was published in 1992, and the second edition was published in 1997.
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Badajoz has worked as Managing Editor for the Spanish versions of Men's Health and Prevention, as well as Executive Editor of 'Cosmopolitan en español', under a partnership with Editorial Televisa. He was Front Page Editor of Yahoo until 2015. As of May 2015, he is Digital Manager of La Opinion. He is a columnist art critic for The Miami Herald and founder and owner of SpicandProud and Hypermedia Americas.
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The PageRank algorithm developed by Google gives more prominence to documents to which other Web pages have linked. "A method assigns importance ranks to nodes in a linked database, such as any database of documents containing citations, the world wide web or any other hypermedia database. The rank assigned to a document is calculated from the ranks of documents citing it. In addition, the rank of a document is..." See Search engine for additional examples.
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Larisa Blazic studied architecture at Belgrade University and received an MA in Hypermedia from the University of Westminster, London. Her work combines architectural design, sound and video using site-specific installations utilising audience participation, audio distribution and video. Her work at Westminster involves organising post-graduate studies in Free and open-source software in the context of art and design. She has been a guest lecturer at the Ravensbourne (college), Middlesex University and Kingston University.
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Konrad Becker (born January 9, 1959 in Vienna) is a hypermedia researcher and interdisciplinary content developer, director of the Institute for New Culture Technologies-t0 and initiator of Public Netbase and World-Information.Org.For more information about the development of Institute for New Culture Technologies/t0 and its projects and sub-organizations since 1993 cf. Branka Ćurčić / Zoran Pantelić / New Media Center_kuda.org (Ed.): Public Netbase: Non Stop Future - New Practices in Art and Media, Frankfurt a.
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On a different note, there is a slight overlap between desktop publishing and what is known as hypermedia publishing (e.g. web design, kiosk, CD-ROM). Many graphical HTML editors such as Microsoft FrontPage and Adobe Dreamweaver use a layout engine similar to that of a DTP program. However, many web designers still prefer to write HTML without the assistance of a WYSIWYG editor, for greater control and ability to fine-tune the appearance and functionality.
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The idea of various adaptive presentation techniques is to adapt the content of a page accessed by a particular user to current knowledge, goals, and other characteristics of the user. For example, a qualified user can be provided with more detailed and deep information while a novice can receive additional explanations. Adaptive text presentation is the most studied technology of hypermedia adaptation. There are a number of different techniques for adaptive text presentation.
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The International Conference on User Modeling, Adaptation, and Personalization (UMAP) is the oldest international conference for researchers and practitioners working on various kinds of user-adaptive computer systems such as Adaptive hypermedia systems, Recommender systems, Adaptive websites, Adaptive learning, Personalized learning and Intelligent tutoring systems and Personalized search systems. All of these systems adapt to their individual users, or to groups of users (i.e., Personalization). To achieve this goal, they collect and represent information about users or groups (i.e.
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Software engineers link their code and documentation semi-automatically to facilitate collaboration in building software systems, and students benefit from peer- peer commenting online. Rada's book on hypertext was published in paperback and also simultaneously in multiple electronic formats, including Guide and HyperTIES. Rada formed an electronic publishing company called Hypermedia Solutions Limited in 1993, and that company helped make the first multimedia CD-ROM published in web format. Sixteen Ph.D. students earned their degrees under Rada's supervision.
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SIGWEB is one of the Special Interest Groups of the Association for Computing Machinery. SIGWEB was named SIGLINK until November 1998. Its new name welcomes members concerned with the World Wide Web as well as those concerned with other aspects of hypertext and hypermedia. The 34 ACM Special Interest Groups offer a wealth of publications, conferences and resource archives covering a broad spectrum of technical expertise and providing first-hand knowledge of the latest development trends.
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Web 2.0 often uses machine-based interactions such as REST and SOAP. Servers often expose proprietary Application programming interfaces (API), but standard APIs (for example, for posting to a blog or notifying a blog update) have also come into use. Most communications through APIs involve XML or JSON payloads. REST APIs, through their use of self-descriptive messages and hypermedia as the engine of application state, should be self-describing once an entry URI is known.
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He is the former editor of Pixel Vision magazine, the serialized Pixel Handbook, and a columnist for CD-ROM Professional magazine. He has worked in radio and TV, film and video, sound, print, and hypermedia, including CD-ROM and the Internet. He has been an ACM National Lecturer since the late 1980s and is a recipient of its Distinguished Speaker Award. Rosebush graduated from the College of Wooster in 1969 and received a Ph.D. from Syracuse University in 1984.
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MPEG logo container format (TS and PS) used. The Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) is a working group of authorities that was formed by ISO and IEC to set standards for audio and video compression and transmission.John Watkinson, The MPEG Handbook, p.1 MPEG is officially a collection of ISO Working Groups and Advisory Groups under ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29 – Coding of audio, picture, multimedia and hypermedia information (ISO/IEC Joint Technical Committee 1, Subcommittee 29).
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New media avant-garde is about new ways of accessing and manipulating information (e.g. hypermedia, databases, search engines, etc.). Meta-media is an example of how quantity can change into quality as in new media technology and manipulation techniques can recode modernist aesthetics into a very different postmodern aesthetics. #New media as parallel articulation of similar ideas in post–World War II art and modern computingPost-WWII art or "combinatorics" involves creating images by systematically changing a single parameter.
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An alternative approach to building RESTful APIs is known under the acronym HATEOAS (Hypermedia as the Engine of Application State). In this approach, the client software is not written to a static interface description shared through documentation. Instead, the client is given a set of entry points and the API is discovered dynamically through interaction with these endpoints. HATEOAS was introduced in Roy Fielding's doctoral thesis Architectural Styles and the Design of Network-based Software Architectures.
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Alan Amory (born in Rustenburg, South Africa) is a professor of educational technologies at the University of Johannesburg, where he promotes and drives the use of educational technologies. He has contributed to numerous fields of research, including information and communication technologies in education,Amory, A. (2010). Use of Information and Communication Technology in Teaching, Learning and Administration in the Gauteng Department of Education, South Africa. In Proceedings of World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia and Telecommunications (pp. 39-46).
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Wax was included in a number of 10 Best Film lists that year. As the first film streamed across the Internet in 1993, the New York Times declaring Wax or the Discovery of Television Among the Bees an “historic event.” That same year, the hypermedia version of the film, Waxweb, was one of the first sites on the World Wide Web, and thus has been repeatedly cited as a milestone of Internet Art. Waxweb has been presented in museums worldwide.
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Paper Killer is a WYSIWYG help authoring tool created by Visual Vision, an Italian software company. The software is used by technical writers to create manuals in various formats. PaperKiller is a visual hypertext oriented software, specializing in the creation, management, publishing of any type of electronic documentation (technical manuals, hypertext, hypermedia, software user guides, online help systems, and training manuals). The software includes an integrated all-in-one environment that permits visual linking and live links (this is called the WYSIWYL interface).
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It is only at the local or content level in the materials that knowledge structure becomes important and is incorporated into the materials by the instructor. Consequently, HyperCourseware was written to host any subject and to support many activities common across courses. These activities range from record keeping and on-line testing to hypermedia presentations and from individual exploration to group collaboration. HyperCoursware uses the conventional objects of classroom instruction and implements them in electronic form in the electronic classroom.
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In: Adaptive Hypermedia and Adaptive Web- Based Systems. Springer. Berlin. 2006. It was used by Dr. Chris Daniels in 1975 to encapsulate the theme of his Millennium Project. This project later became known as The Elysian World Project. The terms “edutainment” (and “busitainment”) were used in 2001 to explain how the CRUMPET project, on context-aware and personalised Tourism, refers to people travelling for adventure yet who also travel for education and business and who do not perceive themselves as classical “tourists” .
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Browser-based computing is the use of the web browsers to perform computing tasks. Opportunities for computing on the Web have been noted as far back as 1997. Computing over the web was described in 2000. Applications include distributed computing for web workers as illustrated by James (formerly CrowdProcess) and HASH, the use of the browser's stack in QMachine, the embedding of web applications as semantic hypermedia components and the Signaling Server in Peer-to-peer networks set via WebRTC.
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The roots of Rae Technology reach back to the 80s at Apple Computer. Samir Arora, a software engineer from India, was involved in early research in navigation applications and so-called hypermedia. Years before the Internet took off and web browser emerged, developers and executives at Apple had the idea that fast and flexible access to linked data would be crucial to future computing. The famous "Knowledge Navigator" video from 1987 gives an impression of the visions at Apple labs in this time.
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Web navigation refers to the process of navigating a network of information resources in the World Wide Web, which is organized as hypertext or hypermedia. The user interface that is used to do so is called a web browser. A central theme in web design is the development of a web navigation interface that maximizes usability. A website overall navigational scheme includes several navigational pieces such as global, local, supplemental, and contextual navigation; all of these are vital aspects of the broad topic of web navigation.
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DynaText was developed by Electronic Book Technologies (EBT), Incorporated, of Providence, Rhode Island. EBT was founded by Louis Reynolds, Steven DeRose, Jeffrey Vogel, and Andries van Dam, and was sold to Inso corporation in 1996, when it had about 150 employees. DynaText stands in the long tradition of hypermedia at Brown University, and adopted many features pioneered by FRESS, such as unlimited document sizes, dynamically-controllable styles and views, and reader-created links and trails. DynaText heavily influenced stylesheet technologies such as DSSSL and CSS.
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The original plan was to publish a hardcover book by 2001 and then to follow with what at the time was referred to vaguely as "hypermedia" in reference to possible internet and CD-ROM auxiliary products. After Grossman and Keating obtained the initial grant, Reiff, a computer technology expert, and encyclopedia veteran Carol J. Summerfield all became part of the team. The editors sought the advice of Chicago-area librarians who were organized into focus groups to determine the proper components for the planned publication.
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In August 1987, Apple Computer released HyperCard for the Macintosh line at the MacWorld convention. Its impact, combined with interest in Peter J. Brown's GUIDE (marketed by OWL and released earlier that year) and Brown University's Intermedia, led to broad interest in and enthusiasm for hypertext, hypermedia, databases, and new media in general. The first ACM Hypertext (hyperediting and databases) academic conference took place in November 1987, in Chapel Hill NC, where many other applications, including the branched literature writing software Storyspace, were also demonstrated.
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Web engineering is multidisciplinary and encompasses contributions from diverse areas: systems analysis and design, software engineering, hypermedia/hypertext engineering, requirements engineering, human-computer interaction, user interface, information engineering, information indexing and retrieval, testing, modelling and simulation, project management, and graphic design and presentation. Web engineering is neither a clone nor a subset of software engineering, although both involve programming and software development. While Web Engineering uses software engineering principles, it encompasses new approaches, methodologies, tools, techniques, and guidelines to meet the unique requirements of Web-based applications.
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He has been the recipient of several teaching awards beginning in 2000. From 1994 to 2000, he was founder and producer of Sunrise Productions; Frankfort, Indiana, a print and hypermedia design company that he founded as an undergraduate. He has served on the review board of the WebNet Journal and as the Executive Editor for the Journal of Interactive Instruction Development. He is a member of the professional association in his field, ACM, ACM SIGGRAPH, IEEE, and ASEE, and has been active in various committees in SIGGRAPH.
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Oracle Media Objects, formerly Oracle Card, was a software development tool for developing multi-media applications, with functionality and appearance similar to Apple Computer' HyperCard. The program originated as Plus, a 1989 clone of HyperCard published by Format Verlag that added several highly- requested features. Plus was purchased by Spinnaker Software, who ported it to Windows NT and OS/2 Presentation Manager, becoming the first cross-platform hypermedia solution. In 1994, Plus was purchased by ObjectPlus, who focussed on the Windows version, renaming it WinPlus.
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Michael Groden (born 1947) is Professor of English at The University of Western Ontario. Born in Buffalo, New York, Groden received a B.A. from Dartmouth College (magna cum laude) in 1969 and an M.A. and Ph.D. from Princeton University in 1975. He is known for his involvement in the envisioning and development of James Joyce's Ulysses as hypertext and hypermedia with William H. Quillian and other scholars from around the world. In 2007, he was made a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada.
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He is one of the authors of the "Encyclopedia of Spanish in the United States", "Hablando (bien) se entiende la gente /Speaking Well Makes the World Go 'Round" (Spanish Edition), Aguilar; 1 edition (February 8, 2010); "Diccionario de Americanismos /Dictionary of Standardized Latin American Vocabulary" (Spanish Edition), Alfaguara (Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española) 1st edition (April 17, 2010); "The School of Night. Drawings by Arturo Rodriguez" (New York. Island Project, 2014). He is the author of "Passar Páxaros/ Casa Obscura, aldea sumergida" (ANLE/Hypermedia, 2014).
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Performance improvement was also seen as an important outcome of learning that needed to be considered during the design process. The World Wide Web emerged as an online learning tool with hypertext and hypermedia being recognized as good tools for learning. As technology advanced and constructivist theory gained popularity, technology's use in the classroom began to evolve from mostly drill and skill exercises to more interactive activities that required more complex thinking on the part of the learner. Rapid prototyping was first seen during the 1990s.
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Eran Hadas is an Israeli poet, software developer, new media artist and the author of seven books. Hadas also creates hypermedia poetry and develops software based poetry generators. Among his collaborative projects is a headset that generates poems from EEG brain waves, and a documentarian robot that interviews people about what it means to be human. His literary career started under the female pseudonym of Tzeela Katz who made an impact on Israeli poetry, and was killed off by Hadas when she was invited by Israel's national theatre to curate a poetry event series.
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Another writer calls it "a metaphysical quest rather than a conventional mystery", noting that the central question of the treasure remains unresolved. It has been termed a classic of hypermedia, and literary critic and hypertext scholar Katherine Hayles has cited it as one of the establishing texts for electronic literature. Egypt: The Book of Going Forth by Day is an artist’s book published by Horizon Insight. The “first edition” consists of 100 individualized copies – each one bearing a named “spell” for the owner. Thereafter, “reader” versions have been available on flash drives.
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PC Mag thought the software was "stylishly designed and carefully presented", further praising its elegant and easily navigable interface. When comparing art titles, The New York Times felt the title would appeal to those with "more Catholic taste", and praised its "authoritative professionalism" as standing out from other titles in the genre. The paper Hypermedia Design, Analysis, and Evaluation Issues deemed the title an "outstanding" and "enjoyable" application. Art historian James Moore who reviewed the CD-ROM late in 2001 felt the software was primitive from a 2001 perspective.
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Ted Nelson gives a presentation on Project Xanadu, a theoretical hypertext model conceived in the 1960s whose first and incomplete implementation was first published in 1998. In 1963, Ted Nelson coined the terms 'hypertext' and 'hypermedia' as part of a model he developed for creating and using linked content (first published reference 1965). He later worked with Andries van Dam to develop the Hypertext Editing System (text editing) in 1967 at Brown University. It was implemented using the terminal IBM 2250 with a light pen which was provided as a pointing device.
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It is this combination of features that also makes HyperCard a powerful hypermedia system. Users can build backgrounds to suit the needs of some system, say a rolodex, and use simple HyperTalk commands to provide buttons to move from place to place within the stack, or provide the same navigation system within the data elements of the UI, like text fields. Using these features, it is easy to build linked systems similar to hypertext links on the Web. Unlike the Web, programming, placement, and browsing were all the same tool.
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Christoper Thompson Funkhouser's book is divided into five distinct sections: Introduction, Origination, Visual and Kinetic Design Poems, Hypertext and Hypermedia, Alternative Arrangements, Techniques Enabled. There are also two Appendices (Appendix A, and Appendix B), as well as Acknowledgments and text Notes. The Introduction to the book deals largely in generalities, seeking to lay out a basic definition and conception of digital poetry before moving into the examination of individual digital works. Here Funkhouser also deals with critiques and alternate definitions of digital poetry by from writers and theorists other than himself.
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The Class of 1959 Chapel is a non-denominational chapel located on the campus of Harvard Business School in Boston, Massachusetts. It was designed by Moshe Safdie in 1992, as part of a master plan to complement the existing 1927 campus architecture by McKim, Mead and White that would allow for Business School to expand along the Charles River.Moshe Safdie Hypermedia Archive at Mcgill It was funded by a gift from alumni from the Class of 1959. It was engineered by Weidlinger Associates and built by Richard White Sons, Inc.
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Jasper Place High School places a great deal of focus on computer technology. The school offers a variety of courses such as Business Technology, Computer Science, Design Studies, and Hypermedia Technology. One ever-popular aspect of the Computer Technology courses is the instruction in Robotics design and creation. Jasper Place's Computer Technology courses are designed to help a student's transition into post-secondary schooling, and the school has entered into partnerships with NAIT, the University of Alberta, and Grant MacEwan College to allow students to gain credit for high-school coursework.
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Hypervideo, or hyperlinked video, is a displayed video stream that contains embedded, interactive anchors, allowing navigation between video and other hypermedia elements. Hypervideo is thus analogous to hypertext, which allows a reader to click on a word in one document and retrieve information from another document, or from another place in the same document. Hypervideo combines video with a non-linear information structure, allowing a user to make choices based on the content of the video and the user's interests. A crucial difference between hypervideo and hypertext is the element of time.
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The heroine of "The Gentle Seduction" is a normal woman whose very elemental connection with her own identity is key in soothing humanity's jarring experience of finally meeting an alien mind. Stiegler's software development career partly parallels his science fiction. His non-fiction work, "Hypermedia and the Singularity" predates the development of the Web and predicts that hypertext will play a key role in accelerating the evolution of knowledge. Shortly after writing this article, he took over management, of Project Xanadu, the hypertext system envisioned by Ted Nelson.
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Shortly after "As We May Think" was originally published, Douglas Engelbart read it, and with Bush's visions in mind, commenced work that would later lead to the invention of the mouse. Ted Nelson, who coined the terms "hypertext" and "hypermedia", was also greatly influenced by Bush's essay. "As We May Think" has turned out to be a visionary and influential essay. In their introduction to a paper discussing information literacy as a discipline, Bill Johnston and Sheila Webber wrote in 2005 that: Bush was concerned that information overload might inhibit the research efforts of scientists.
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Karachi School of Art offers two years diploma courses in Digital Media keeping forth the latest developments in media and technologies. To impart basic understanding of design, computer graphics and concepts related to software and hardware is the main aim of these courses. The courses also support the understanding related to the new interactive products, which are currently being developed in the field of communication. These courses provide a clear outline of hypermedia production to help students understand how programs are planned, produced and on web or on air.
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Russell's research focus has been human experience with search engines and in large, complex collections of information. He aims to design comprehensible and intuitive ways for users to engage with information effectively. Particular topics include the design of information experience; sensemaking; intelligent agents; knowledge-based assistance; information visualization; multimedia documents; advanced design and development environments; design rationale; planning; intelligent tutoring; hypermedia; and human–computer interfaces. While developing AI technology at Xerox PARC, Russell realized that sophisticated technology was useless if people did not intuitively know how to use it.
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Beaker is a free and open-source web browser currently in development by Blue Link Labs. Beaker Browser peer-to-peer technology allows users to self-publish websites and web apps directly from the browser, without the need to set up and administrate a separate web server or host their content on a third-party server. All files and websites are transferred using Dat, a hypermedia peer- to-peer protocol which allows files to be shared and hosted by several users. The browser also supports the HTTP protocol to connect to traditional servers.
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Databases with transactions are searched with algorithms to find behaviors that deviate from the standard, indicating potentially suspicious transactions. In the context of employment, profiles can be of use for tracking employees by monitoring their online behavior, for the detection of fraud by them, and for the deployment of human resources by pooling and ranking their skills. Profiling can also be used to support people at work, and also for learning, by intervening in the design of adaptive hypermedia systems personalizing the interaction. For instance, this can be useful for supporting the management of attention .
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Hyperlink cinema is a style of filmmaking characterised by complex or multilinear narrative structures, which are used in ways that are informed by the World Wide Web. The term was coined by author Alissa Quart, who used the term in her review of the film Happy Endings (2005) for the film journal Film Comment in 2005. Film critic Roger Ebert popularized the term when reviewing the film Syriana in 2005. These films are not hypermedia and do not have actual hyperlinks, but are multilinear in a more metaphorical sense.
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The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is an application layer protocol for distributed, collaborative, hypermedia information systems. HTTP is the foundation of data communication for the World Wide Web, where hypertext documents include hyperlinks to other resources that the user can easily access, for example by a mouse click or by tapping the screen in a web browser. Development of HTTP was initiated by Tim Berners-Lee at CERN in 1989. Development of early HTTP Requests for Comments (RFCs) was a coordinated effort by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), with work later moving to the IETF.
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The Origins section gives a detailed account of the progression of digital poetry from early computer experiments and tests, performed by a select few individuals, into the earliest forms of computer permutation writing and text generation. Visual and Kinetic Design Poems deals primarily with works built on font and text formatting. He provides a number of examples similar to the concrete poets of the first half of the 20th century, along with discussions of typology and text manipulation. The Hypertext and Hypermedia chapter of the book deals primarily with text and media links and their integration into digital poetics.
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Another way to say this is that empty space in the frame actually denotes space, not (as in many text editors) just the absence of content. Frames being fixed in size scrolling as a form of interaction is eliminated (as the designers felt that scrolling is suboptimal) opting instead for larger aggregates such as documents and programs to be structured as hierarchies (or more generally, lattices) of hypermedia nodes. This flexibility makes it possible to create a document, search, run programs from a tree of frames starting at any frame. In KMS, links are one way and are embedded in frames.
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Peter Brusilovsky is a professor of Information science and Intelligent Systems (Artificial intelligence) at the University of Pittsburgh. He is known as one of the pioneers of Adaptive hypermedia, Adaptive Web, and Web-based Adaptive learning He also published numerous articles in user modeling, personalization, educational technology, intelligent tutoring systems, and information access. Brusilovsky is ranked as #1 in the world in the area of Computer Education and #21 in the world in the area of World Wide Web by Microsoft Academic Search. According to Google Scholar, he has over 25,000 citations and h-index of 67.
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Picciano has written sixteen books and over sixty articles, book chapters, and monographs. He has edited ten special editions of the Online Learning Journal (formerly the Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks). His articles have been published in the Online Learning Journal, Teachers College Record, Education Sciences, The Internet and Higher Education, and The Journal of Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia. His first book, entitled Computers in the Schools: A Guide to Planning and Administration was published in 1994 followed by Educational Leadership and Planning for Technology in 1998, which became one of the most widely used textbooks in this field.
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According to the Latin American art magazine Hypermedia Magazine, the Traje Humano project caught the attention of the Costa Rican and Central American art scene, not only because it was the first time that so many artists joined to expand the work of a single living artist and for making of the first massive nude public in the region, but also because it set a precedent in the cultural management of the region by also involving for the first time a wide portfolio of public, private and independent collaborators who supported a project of social and humanistic public exhibition with art.
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Writing at Brown—fiction, non-fiction, poetry, playwriting, screenwriting, electronic writing, mixed media, and the undergraduate writing proficiency requirement—is catered for by various centers and degree programs, and a faculty that has long included nationally and internationally known authors. The undergraduate concentration (major) in literary arts offers courses in fiction, poetry, screenwriting, literary hypermedia, and translation. Graduate programs include the fiction and poetry MFA writing programs in the literary arts department, and the MFA playwriting program in the theatre arts and performance studies department. The non-fiction writing program is offered in the English department.
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Web publishing allows cumbersome corporate knowledge to be maintained and easily accessed throughout the company using hypermedia and Web technologies. Examples include: employee manuals, benefits documents, company policies, business standards, news feeds, and even training, can be accessed using common Internet standards (Acrobat files, Flash files, CGI applications). Because each business unit can update the online copy of a document, the most recent version is usually available to employees using the intranet. Business operations and management: Intranets are also being used as a platform for developing and deploying applications to support business operations and decisions across the internetworked enterprise.
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HyperCard is one of the first products that made use of and popularized the hypertext concept to a large popular base of users. Jakob Nielsen has pointed out that HyperCard was really only a hypermedia program since its links started from regions on a card, not text objects; actual HTML-style text hyperlinks were possible in later versions, but were awkward to implement and seldom used. Deena Larsen programmed links into HyperCard for Marble Springs. Bill Atkinson later lamented that if he had only realized the power of network-oriented stacks, instead of focusing on local stacks on a single machine, HyperCard could have become the first Web browser.
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In 1983, a hypermedia authoring tool, Tutor-Tech, designed for Apple II computers, was produced for educators. In August 1987, Apple Computer released HyperCard for the Macintosh line at the MacWorld convention. Its impact, combined with interest in Peter J. Brown's GUIDE (marketed by OWL and released earlier that year) and Brown University's Intermedia, led to broad interest in and enthusiasm for hypertext and new media. The first ACM Hypertext academic conference took place in November 1987, in Chapel Hill NC, where many other applications, including the hypertext literature writing software Storyspace were also demoedHawisher, Gail E., Paul LeBlanc, Charles Moran, and Cynthia L. Selfe (1996).
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From 1992 to 2000, Meyer was employed as a hypermedia systems manager at CWRU. In 1998, he developed the landmark CSS1 test suite with the help of other volunteers, allowing CSS implementors to test their software and address its rendering issues. Meyer joined the Web Standards Project in the same year and became a co-founder of its CSS Samurai, formally known as the CSS Action Committee, an advocacy group which worked with browser vendors to improve CSS support in their products. A columnist since 1997, a book author and frequent conference speaker on CSS since 2000, Meyer has attained celebrity status in the field of web design.
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Paper Killer works with a document that encapsulates a set of pages and images, instead of working with single pages/files, so its design is different from common HTML editor programs: the user does not have to manage / memorize single filenames; with the editor it is possible to revise, browse, and search within the whole hypertext without the need to continuously save and load the information. The ancestor of PaperKiller, iPer (that is also the common ancestor of Hyper Publish), was created in 1996 at Politecnico di Torino and was presented at the ED-Media 97 EdMedia World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia, and Telecommunications in Calgary.
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As early as 1995 the ISO (International Organisation for Standardisation), together with the Multimedia and Hypermedia Experts Group, published the MHEG standard. This gave a statement approach to the creation of multimedia applications that could work in every operative system in compliance with this standard. Conceptually, MHEG intended to do for multimedia applications the same as HTML did for documents at the proper time that is, to give a common exchange format that should be executed in every receiver. MHEG-1: this version included support for objects containing procedure codes, that could widens the basic model of MHEG-1 adding decision making functions, as it was not possible in other way.
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Her most cited work is on how to evaluate human- centric recommender systems and in particular the ResQue model she developed in 2010. According to Google Scholar, her publications were cited a total of 5616 times as of June 2019. Pearl Pu has served on many editorial boards and conference committees such as the International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, The Web Conference, and Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. She was general or program chair of the ACM conferences on Electronic Commerce, Recommender Systems , and Adaptive hypermedia, and track or area chair at many other scientific conferences.
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The development and growth of planar transistors in silicon chips and integrated circuits displaced magnetic core logic, although it may still be useful for extended space missions and other extreme conditions, but using integrated circuit manufacturing techniques (e.g. etching and deposition of a substrate, and not an assembly of discrete magnetic cores). The prototype of the first all-magnetic computer now resides at the Computer History Museum, in Mountain View, California. Douglas Engelbart worked with Crane on magnetic logic devices beginning in 1957, before Engelbart moved on to work on hypermedia and augmenting the human intellect with computers, and before Crane began research on replicating human functions with digital computers.
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Here, Adams has (temporarily) configured Tom to look like a stereotypical Neanderthal. Much like Apple Inc's Knowledge Navigator concept, Tom acts as a butler within a virtual space populated with hypermedia: linked text, sound, pictures and movies represented by animated icons. The documentary is centred on Adams browsing these media and discovering their interconnectedness. This process leads him, for example, from the topic Atlantic Ocean to literature about the sea to The Rime of the Ancient Mariner by Samuel Taylor Coleridge to the poem Kubla Khan by the same author to Xanadu and back to the topic of hypertext via Ted Nelson's Project Xanadu.
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HyperTalk was a high-level, procedural programming language created in 1987 by Dan Winkler and used in conjunction with Apple Computer's HyperCard hypermedia program by Bill Atkinson. Because the main target audience of HyperTalk was beginning programmers, HyperTalk programmers were usually called "authors" and the process of writing programs was known as "scripting". HyperTalk scripts resembled written English and used a logical structure similar to that of the Pascal programming language. HyperTalk supported the basic control structures of procedural languages: repeat for/while/until, if/then/else, as well as function and message "handler" calls (a function handler was a subroutine and a message handler a procedure).
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Hypertext Application Language (HAL) is an Internet Draft (a "work in progress") standard convention for defining hypermedia such as links to external resources within JSON or XML code (however, please note that the latest version of HAL Internet-Draft expired on November 12, 2016.). The standard was initially proposed in June 2012 specifically for use with JSON and has since become available in two variations, JSON and XML. The two associated MIME types are media type: application/hal+xml and media type: application/hal+json. HAL was created to be simple to use and easily applicable across different domains by avoiding the need to impose any requirements on how the project be structured.
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Douglas Engelbart independently began working on his NLS system in 1962 at Stanford Research Institute, although delays in obtaining funding, personnel, and equipment meant that its key features were not completed until 1968. In December of that year, Engelbart demonstrated a 'hypertext' (meaning editing) interface to the public for the first time, in what has come to be known as "The Mother of All Demos". ZOG_(hypertext), an early hypertext system, was developed at Carnegie Mellon University during the 1970s, used for documents on Nimitz class aircraft carriers, and later evolving as KMS_(hypertext) (Knowledge Management System). The first hypermedia application is generally considered to be the Aspen Movie Map, implemented in 1978.
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In 1993, the developers who were working on the next generation viewer were moved to the Cairo systems group which was charged with delivering Bill Gates' 'vision' of 'Information at your fingertips'. This advanced browser was a fully componentized application using what are now known as Component Object Model objects, designed for hypermedia browsing across large networks and whose main competitor was thought to be Lotus Notes. Long before Netscape appeared, this team, known as the WEB (web enhanced browser) team had already shipped a network capable hypertext browser capable of doing everything that HTML browsers would not be able to do until the turn of the century. Nearly all technologies of Cairo shipped.
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His research focuses on the emergence and evolution of complex, intelligent organization. Applications include the origin of life, the development of multicellular organisms, knowledge, culture, and societies, and the impact of information and communication technologies on present and future social evolution. Heylighen's scientific work covers an extremely wide range of subjects, exemplifying his intellectual curiosity and fundamentally transdisciplinary way of thinking. In addition to the topics mentioned above, his publications cover topics such as the foundations of quantum mechanics, the structure of space-time, hypermedia interfaces, the psychology of self- actualization and happiness, the market mechanism, formality and contextuality in language, causality, the measurement of social progress, the mechanism of stigmergy and its application to the web.
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The original intent of MeatballWiki was to offer observations and opinions about wikis and their online communities, with the intent of helping online communities, culture and hypermedia. Being a community about communities, MeatballWiki became the launching point for other wiki-based projects and a general resource for broader wiki concepts, reaching "cult status". It describes the general tendencies observed on wikis and other on- line communities, for example the life cycles of wikis and people's behavior on them. > What differentiates MeatballWiki from many online meta-communities is that > participants spend much of their time talking about sociology rather than > technology, and when they do talk about technology, they do so in a social > context.
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Point and click are the actions of a computer user moving a pointer to a certain location on a screen (pointing) and then pressing a button on a mouse, usually the left button (click), or other pointing device. An example of point and click is in hypermedia, where users click on hyperlinks to navigate from document to document. Point and click can be used with any number of input devices varying from mouses, touch pads, trackpoint, joysticks, scroll buttons, and roller balls. User interfaces, for example graphical user interfaces, are sometimes described as "point-and-click interfaces", often to suggest that they are very easy to use, requiring that the user simply point to indicate their wishes.
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In the late 1980s, McCahill led the team at the University of Minnesota that developed POPmail, one of the first popular Internet e-mail clients. At about the same time as POPmail was being developed, Steve Dorner at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign developed Eudora, and the user interface conventions found in these early efforts are still used in modern-day e-mail clients. In 1991, McCahill led the original Gopher development team, which invented a simple way to navigate distributed information resources on the Internet. Gopher's menu-based hypermedia combined with full-text search engines paved the way for the popularization of the World Wide Web and was the de facto standard for Internet information systems in the early to mid 1990s.
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Similarly, the web-based annotation tool HyLighter was used in a first-year writing course and shown to improve the development of students' mental models of texts, including supporting reading comprehension, critical thinking, and the ability to develop a thesis. The collaboration with peers and experts around a shared text improved these skills and brought the communities' understanding closer together. A meta- analysis of empirical studies into the higher-education uses of social annotation (SA) tools indicates such tools have been tested in several courses, among them English, sport psychology, and hypermedia. Studies have indicated that social annotation functions, including commenting, information sharing, and highlighting, can support instruction designed to foster collaborative learning and communication, as well as reading comprehension, metacognition, and critical analysis.
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The conference "Computers and Writing" was established in 1982 in Minneapolis, Minnesota by Donald Ross and Lillian Bridwell. The conference was informal at first, but over the years, it has grown from a grassroots organized conference to an established, mainstream conference that examines the ways in which computers change writing practice and pedagogy. In earlier conferences, the scholarship presented often explored how computers influenced individual writers, but during the late 1980s and 1990s, scholarship shifted to hypertext and hypermedia, and therefore, the social nature of computer mediated writing. The conference originally presented original or "homemade" software design associated with word processing and editing, but eventually switched to commercial software as commercial software became more common for both individual students and educational institutions.
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The use of virtual globe software was widely popularized by (and may have been first described in) Neal Stephenson's famous science fiction novel Snow Crash. In the metaverse in Snow Crash there is a piece of software called Earth made by the Central Intelligence Corporation. The CIC uses their virtual globe as a user interface for keeping track of all their geospatial data, including maps, architectural plans, weather data, and data from real-time satellite surveillance. Virtual globes (along with all hypermedia and virtual reality software) are distant descendants of the Aspen Movie Map project, which pioneered the concept of using computers to simulate distant physical environments (though the Movie Map's scope was limited to the city of Aspen, Colorado).
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RESTHeart connects to MongoDB and exposes a simple REST API to read and write data via plain HTTP requests leveraging MongoDB's document-oriented nature and creating an automatic mapping between data and HTTP resources. It implements the HATEOAS (Hypermedia as the Engine of Application State) model of interaction where the state of an application is driven by HTTP verbs like GET, POST, PUT, PATCH, DELETE, etc. RESTHeart naturally fits an architecture where there is the need to invoke document-oriented data services on top of MongoDB via HTTP, but programmers don't want to waste time by building repetitive CRUD logic by hand. > Imagine the following scenario: you want to develop a Web application on top > of a data model, following simple CRUD operations.
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Since 1967, the museum issues its own scientific publication called Ziridava, named after the nearby Dacian settlement mentioned by Ptolemy and archaeologically identified at Pecica. New scientific reviews are being edited since 1992: Studies and Communications of Art and Architecture, Natural Harmonies (1995) – researches from the field of natural sciences – and Zarandul (1999), containing ethnographic studies. The multimedia workshop Kinema Ikon, part of the museum since 1990, issues the interdisciplinary review Intermedia since 1994, being one of Romania’s leading hypermedia art instances, a base on which the workshop represented the country at the 50th Biennial of Contemporary Art in Venice (2003). Today, the museum manages a collection of over 125.000 pieces, being an active actor on the Arad cultural scene, assuming a reformative role.
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Hypermedia artist/writer Talan Memmott describes the project as an example of "signifying harmonics," and discusses the ways in which the project's transfer from installation piece to Web project diminishes the original auditory experience of the interweaving of the three languages. Mencía’s Birds Singing Other Birds’ Songs, an interactive experience in which images of birds fly across the screen at the user's prompting, singing human-generated bird calls with the corresponding onomatopoeias written on the bird, has generated significant scholarly and popular attention. Media critic Scott Rettberg conceives of the project, with its abstract use of language, within the tradition of 20th century avant-garde movements, especially Dada sound poetry, rejecting what he sees as the common focus on novelty in electronic literature.
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ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29 was established in 1991, when the subcommittee took over the tasks of ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2/WG 8. Its original title was “Coded Representation of Audio, Picture, Multimedia and Hypermedia Information.” Within its first year, ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29 established four working groups, appointed its chairperson, secretariat, and working group conveners, and held its first plenary in Tokyo, Japan. ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29 has published 475 standards, including standards for JPEG (ISO/IEC 10918-1), JPEG-2000 (ISO/IEC 15444-1), MPEG-1 (ISO/IEC 11172-1), MPEG-2 (ISO/IEC 13818), MPEG-4 (ISO/IEC 14996-1), MPEG-4 AVC (ISO/IEC 14496-10), JBIG (ISO/IEC 11544), and MHEG-5 (ISO/IEC 13522-5).
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" The pleasure principle: immersion, engagement, flow In HYPERTEXT '00: Proceedings of the eleventh ACM on Hypertext and hypermedia (2000), pp. 153-160, doi:10.1145/336296.336354 by Yellowlees Douglas, Andrew Hargadon The cognitive map, shaped like two inverted pyramids with "the end" occupying the middle region, indicates to the reader where they are in the story-world and how much they might still be missing. About the narrative structure, Douglas has written "I had a vague ... conviction that causality is the root of all narratives: like E. M. Forster in Aspects of the Novel, I believed that you could rip everything else to shreds as long as you kept something that resembled cause and effect pumping away beneath the surface, you could keep just about any amorphous blob going.
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The sophisticated conception and design of this hypermedia work brings together a variety of discourses from art, science, mathematics, philosophy, and even mythology to create a weave of texts." In Contemporary Women's Writing, Sally Evans wrote of The Ballad of Sand and Harry Soot, "...Sand as a figure of cyberfemininity is frequently described in ways that trouble the clear boundaries between the organic and electronic selves ... Significantly, Sand’s hybridity also makes her excessive, a self beyond the neat categorizations of human or machine. She is a point of articulation between organic and inorganic matter, and her contact with Harry Soot serves to entangle further human qualities such as frailty and emotion with the supposedly infallible electronic world."Evans, Sally. "The Patchwork Girl’s Daughters: Cyberfemininity, Hybridity, and Excess in the Poetry of Stephanie Strickland and Mez Breeze.
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Unlike the Anglo-Saxon dominance, where the term annotation tends to denote any metadata that is produced by a man or a machine, is preferred for this research subject a distinction between the process of indexing (or more generally phase of knowledge engineering which also covers the definition of ontologies ) and the annotation process (rather than on the document engineering and production of metadata or human assisted). This research claims empirical in that it starts from the analysis of cultural practices identified including operating chains of annotations that will be instrumenting (in the sense of organology generally defined by B. Stiegler ) to help overcome them. Research indexing tools, essential in the field of critical equipment, even if it is closely linked to the activity of annotation, then only intervenes. IRI studies, designs and develops accordingly annotation tools and critical equipment of a new kind, based on a combination of documentary and metadata architectures with navigation interfaces hypermedia, modules algorithmic signal detection modules and data representation ( mapping ).
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The agency was renamed the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) in 1972, and during the early 1970s, it emphasized direct energy programs, information processing, and tactical technologies. Concerning information processing, DARPA made great progress, initially through its support of the development of time-sharing (all modern operating systems rely on concepts invented for the Multics system, developed by a cooperation among Bell Labs, General Electric and MIT, which DARPA supported by funding Project MAC at MIT with an initial two-million-dollar grant). DARPA supported the evolution of the ARPANET (the first wide-area packet switching network), Packet Radio Network, Packet Satellite Network and ultimately, the Internet and research in the artificial intelligence fields of speech recognition and signal processing, including parts of Shakey the robot. DARPA also funded the development of the Douglas Engelbart's NLS computer system and The Mother of All Demos; and the Aspen Movie Map, which was probably the first hypermedia system and an important precursor of virtual reality.
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This idea directly influenced computer pioneers J.C.R. Licklider (see his 1960 paper Man-Computer Symbiosis), Douglas Engelbart (see his 1962 report Augmenting Human Intellect), and also led to Ted Nelson's groundbreaking work in concepts of hypermedia and hypertext.. As We May Think also predicted many kinds of technology invented after its publication in addition to hypertext such as personal computers, the Internet, the World Wide Web, speech recognition, and CD-ROM encyclopedias such as Encarta and online encyclopedias such as Wikipedia: "Wholly new forms of encyclopedias will appear, ready-made with a mesh of associative trails running through them, ready to be dropped into the memex and there amplified." Bush's influence is still evident in research laboratories of today in Gordon Bell's MyLifeBits (from Microsoft Research), which implements path-based systems reminiscent of the Memex, is especially impactful in the areas of information retrieval and information science.. A fictional implementation of the memex appears in The Laundry Files series by Charles Stross. A high-performance computing cluster (HPC) at the Carnegie Institution for Science is named "Memex".
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