Wheeler and a friend named the Cult of the Dead Cow after an eerie hangout, a shut-down Lubbock slaughterhouse – the unappealing hind part of Texas' iconic cattle industry.
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It is much easier to perform nikkur on the front part of the animal. It is also easier to perform on non-domestic animals such as deer as the chelev does not need to be removed from such animals. Since it is difficult to perform nikkur on the hind part of domestic animals, the entire hind part is usually sold to the non-Jewish market in Ashkenazi Jewish communities. However, among Yemenite Jews, nikkur on the hind part of the animal is still practised.
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A form with wings of intermediate length is occasionally found. Nymphs are of a similar shape with the hind part of the abdomen scarlet.
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The openings of the bony nostrils were elongated along the length of the beak, and they contained no bony septum. The cranium (excluding the beak) was wider than it was long, and the frontal bone formed a dome-shape, with the highest point above the hind part of the eye sockets. The skull sloped downwards at the back. The eye sockets occupied much of the hind part of the skull.
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Only the front part of the ribs are used to make koteletts when speaking of veal. The hind part of the ribs is typically sold without the bones.
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Underside Creamy-white, sometimes with grey mottling along lower jaw on throat and on hind part of abdomen. Thighs and groin often pale yellow. Skin smooth. Forelimbs Arm comparatively short.
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For instance, the atokes of Platynereis dumerilii are yellowish-brown, while the female epitokes are yellow because of the eggs they contain, and the male epitokes are white in the front part due to sperm and red in the hind part due to blood vessels (see pictures).
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Face covered by dense golden hair; no yellow integumental patch on lower face. Thorax dorsally with at least one yellow patch medially between wing- bases. Hind part of thorax with yellow patch just above insertion of abdominal petiole but lacking paired spots. Abdominal gaster yellow basally and apically.
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Face with a covering of golden hair, sparse ventrally; lower face with a yellow integumental patch medially. Thorax dorsally with a yellow patch between wing bases. Hind part of thorax with a yellow patch just above insertion of abdominal petiole and four other yellow spots. Abdominal gaster yellow basally and apically.
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The stomach is tubular in shape, with multiple diverticula extending throughout the body. The stomach and its diverticula both produce digestive enzymes and absorb nutrients from the food. It extends through most of the body, and connects to a short sclerotised intestine and anus in the hind part of the abdomen.
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The tympanum is twice as large in males as it is in females, giving males the appearance of having a swollen head. Males also have a large subdermal gland on the hind part of their forearm which appears as a white spot near the armpit. This gland enlarges during the breeding season.
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The flanks are darker chocolate-brown and clearly distinct from the dorsal colour. Sometimes there are chocolate-brown spots on the dorsum. Distinctive to this species, the dorsal surface of tibia is always bi-coloured: the front part is brown, and the hind part is yellow. The male advertisement call is a high- pitched buzzing.
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Each half of the mandibular symphysis (where the two halves of the mandible connect) was shaped like an upside-down teardrop. The pterygoid fossa on the inner side of the mandible was very large, and occupied most of the hind part of the dentary. The lower part of this fossa had a boundary, known as the pterygoideus shelf.
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The radius was more robust than the ulna, which is unusual. When seen from above, the pelvic girdle was very broad for a bipedal archosaur, and became wider towards the hind part. The broadness of the pelvic region may have accommodated a rear extension of the gut. The ilium was elongated and the ischium was long and slender.
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About forty yards south of St. Neots station a broken rail derailed the train, the coupling of the second sleeping car parting. The hind part of the train veered to the left and struck a row of goods wagons in a siding to the north of the station. The forward part of the train came to a stand about further on.
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American Journal of Science 29: 169 Meanwhile, nearly complete specimens had been found in Manchester, Connecticut. In 1884, a series of bridges was built over the Hop Creek. Sandstone blocks were sawed out of Wolcott's Quarry north of Buckland Station. On 20 October, an amateur paleontologist, Charles H. Owen, observed that a block had been removed containing the hind part of a skeleton.
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The hind part of the head and the neck are brown. Limbs and tail are black. The length of the type specimen's shell is 120 mm, its breadth 83 mm and its depth 45 mm. Females are slightly larger than males, but this smallish turtle does not seem to exceed about 13 cm in carapace length even when fully grown.
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Cyclops individuals may range from ½–5 mm longReed & McIntyre (1995). Cyclops strenuus (Fischer, 1851) sensu lato in Alaska and Canada, with new records of occurrence and are clearly divided into two sections. The broadly oval front section comprises the head and the first five thoracic segments. The hind part is considerably slimmer and is made up of the sixth thoracic segment and the four legless pleonic segments.
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The hind part of the skull roof is only incompletely known, including the hind part of the lacrimal (in front of the eye opening), the postfrontal (above and behind the eye opening), the parietal (at the rear of the skull roof), and parts of a supratemporal (which formed the rear corners of the skull roof). An forward- directed extension of the supratemporal formed the inner-rear edge of the supratemporal fenestra, an opening through the skull roof behind the eyes. The parietal, which would have formed the inner margin of the supratemporal fenestra, had a complex front margin that was interdigitating with either the frontal or postfrontal bones, which are not preserved in the known specimens. Skull and partial neck of SNHM1284-R from below, with interpretative diagram The quadrate bone, which connected to the lower jaw to form the jaw joint, was C-shaped in side view.
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The hind part of the body, the opisthosoma, consists of ten somites. The last tergite (anal operculum) lacks a corresponding sternite, comparable to the telson of horseshoe crabs, scorpions and whip scorpions. The muscles of the opisthosoma mostly seem to regulate the volume and internal pressure of the body fluid. The openings of the respiratory system, the spiracles or stigmata, are located on the sides of the second somite.
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Between the antenna bases and the compound eyes there is a small crescent of white scales on each side. The tegula has buff scales at the hind end. The abdomen is reddish-grey, but the 8th segment is white in the front part, reddish in the hind part. The end of the abdomen bears a tuft of elongated scales which are buff with reddish tips above, and entirely reddish below.
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In top view, the dentaries do not form the box-shaped snout seen in diplodocids, but are more rounded with a J-shaped curvature, as typical for dicraeosaurids. The front of the dentary had a hook-like "chin" projecting downwards, as seen in other flagellicaudatans. The angular bone of the hind part of the lower jaw was very elongated and longer than the surangular bone, unlike in diplodocids.
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Reproduction is seasonal in O. phosphorea, its timing related to the phases of the moon. Spawning takes place between June and October, at night at two-weekly intervals coinciding with neap tides. Shortly after sunset, worms begin to rise to the surface. Males usually appear first, the hind part of their body emitting a blue-green light, and periodically discharging a lingering secretion of luminous matter into the water.
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The adult male lesser grey shrike has its nape, cheeks, ear and eye coverts and front part of the crown black. The hind part of the crown and the back is a pale bluish-grey and the rump is a similar but rather paler colour. The underparts are white with the lower breast and belly suffused with pink. The axillaries are greyish-white and the underwing coverts are brownish- black.
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The adult starfish develops only from the hind-part of the larva, away from the sucker. It is from this part that the arms of the adult grow, with the larval arms eventually degenerating and disappearing. The digestive system of the larva also degenerates, and is almost entirely rebuilt. A new mouth forming on the left side of the body, which eventually becomes the lower, or oral, surface of the adult.
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On the hind part of the head, the skin is divided into moderately large shields. The skull lacks a temporal arch and has the frontal bone extended to form a considerable part of the orbit. Seen from above, the prootic extends towards the front. The jugal does not contact the small laterally emarginated and medially constricted pterygoid process, the bones being separated by the maxilla and a gap.
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Their carapace is usually wider than long and of square or ovate shape. Its epibranchial region is bulbous, and it bears at least one transverse ridge in the protogastric, hepatic or branchial region. Unlike in the living Portunoidea, the front (the part of the carapace above the head) is narrow; it bears a few blunt spines in some species. The hind part of the carapace is also narrowed, tapering from just behind the eyes.
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Much of the skull was occupied by very large naso-antorbital fenestrae (openings which combine the antorbital fenestra and the bony nostril). Unusually, this opening extended past the jaw joint and the back of the mandible. The orbit (eye socket) was reclined and slender, and was capped at the front by a tuberosity. The hind part of the skull was relatively tall, and the skull table bore a low crest or ridge at the front.
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In many herbivores, however, the hind part of the oesophagus is enlarged to form a crop, which, in terrestrial pulmonates, may even replace the stomach entirely. In many aquatic herbivores, however, the stomach is adapted into a gizzard that helps to grind up the food. The gizzard may have a tough cuticle, or may be filled with abrasive sand grains. In the most primitive gastropods, however, the stomach is a more complex structure.
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The front part of the anellus is cup shaped, and the aedeagus is long and slim, with an equally elongated and slender cornutus. In the female genitals, the ostium is narrow and U shaped. The antrum is tubular and sclerotized, with the ductus seminalis attaching at its upperside base. The ductus bursae is sclerotized in the forward part, with the hind part being a delicate membrane, and forms a broad loop at its junction with the bursa copulatrix.
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Distinguishing features can also be found in the ilium of the pelvis. In Brachiosaurus, the ischiadic peduncle, a downward projecting extension connecting to the ischium, reaches farther downward than in Giraffatitan. While the latter genus had a sharp notch between the ischiadic peduncle and the back portion of the ilium, this notch is more rounded in Brachiosaurus. On the upper surface of the hind part of the ilium, Brachiosaurus had a pronounced tubercle that is absent in other sauropods.
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The white-breasted parakeet is on average about 24 centimeters in length. The parakeet has a dusky crown with pale gray fringes on its hind part, thin red frontal band, yellow and green scaled cheeks and orange ear coverts, full white collar and yellow breast, and a green belly and underparts. Its wings are green while its tail both green and red. Younger birds can be spotted as they lack frontal bands and have paler ear coverts.
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On the head a beard, moustaches, tuft and eyebrows which do not affect sight can be noticed. Tail well covered with hair as are all four limbs. It is noticeable that during moulting a typical phenomenon may be observed: it occurs in two periods. First of all it affects the coat on the front part, giving the impression of two halves with different coats; then moults the hind part of the dog and everything becomes uniform again.
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Hubbard's angel insects are gregarious and are usually found under bark in small groups. They feed on fungal spores and hyphae, and scavenge for dead mites, nematodes and other small invertebrates. They often groom themselves or each other, using their mouthparts to clean their own antennae, legs and hind part of the abdomen, while other individuals clean the thorax and front of the abdomen. This allogrooming may be important to help avoid the fungal attacks that kill many zorapterans.
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Cephalopod eggs span a large range of sizes, from 1 to 30 mm in diameter. The fertilised ovum initially divides to produce a disc of germinal cells at one pole, with the yolk remaining at the opposite pole. The germinal disc grows to envelop and eventually absorb the yolk, forming the embryo. The tentacles and arms first appear at the hind part of the body, where the foot would be in other molluscs, and only later migrate towards the head.
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The main bar frames, thick, were machined from a wide solid. The hind part of this frame was rigidly secured to the boiler through the high-pressure cylinder saddle castings and terminated just in front of the firebox outer throat plate. From this point rearwards, the frame was of the plate type and arranged to carry the spring gear and other fittings for the trailing Bissel truck. The locomotives were superheated and had Walschaerts valve gear, controlled by steam reversing gear.
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The limbs are slender, the digits having adhesive toepads; there is extensive webbing between fingers III and IV, and between the toes. The dorsal surface and flanks of this frog are a uniform green with fine white speckling; the ventral surface is white, the hind part being transparent, enabling the yellow intestines to be seen. The upper lip is white, the tongue is green and the iris is white, with dark reticulations, and a horizontal pupil. The bones are dark green.
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The height of the dentary diminished towards the hindmost extend of the tooth row, whereafter it sharply fanned out to contact the bone behind it; by contrast, the hind part of the dentary in Erlikosaurus gradually approached the surungular in a gentle arc. Right half of the holotype mandible in outer and inner view, with component bones marked by different colors; the (green) bore the teeth. Segnosaurus was distinct among therizinosaurs in that the hindmost part of the dentary was toothless.
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Hind part of the lower jaw Murusraptor is a megaraptoran, one of a group of large predatory dinosaurs whose exact classification remains disputed. Once believed to be dromaeosaurids, they have since been classified as either allosauroid carnosaurs or as tyrannosauroid coelurosaurs. While the discovery of Murusraptor does not clarify as of yet the placement of this group of theropods, the specimen does add further clarity to some aspects of megaraptoran anatomy and potentially, eventual classification of the Megaraptora within the theropod evolutionary tree.
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The beaked tip of the snout was toothless, whereas the hind part of the premaxilla in the upper jaw had three teeth on each side. The first two upper teeth were small and cone-shaped (comparable to incisors), while the third on each side was much enlarged, forming prominent, canine-like tusks. These first teeth were probably partially encased by the upper beak. The first two teeth in the lower jaw also formed canines, but were much bigger than the upper equivalents.
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In these species, the hind part of the stomach, where the oesophagus enters, is chitinous, and includes a sorting region lined with cilia. In all gastropods, the portion of the stomach furthest from the oesophagus, called the "style sac", is lined with cilia. These beat in a rotary motion, pulling the food forward in a steady stream from the mouth. Usually, the food is embedded in a string of mucus produced in the mouth, creating a coiled conical mass in the style sac.
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He expanded it on the basis of old monastery, upraising hills, excavating ponds, planting flowers and trees, building houses, and transforming it to a garden. He named it "Feng Gu Xing Wo" (凤谷行窝), or literally, "Peripatetic Nest of Phoenix Valley". A lot of ancient plants grew in the garden, and there lied a hummock in hind part. This hummock was uplifted in 1445 by the governor of Jiangnan, Zhou Cheng (周忱), in order to alter the geomancy of Huishan Temple.
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S. madarensis is a distinctly elongate Sardinella while also having a variably protruding belly. These fish have a median number of gill rakers and their upper pectoral fin rays are white on the outer side with a black membrane in between. They are very hard to distinguish from Sardinella aurita except that these fish have only 7 rays on their pelvic fins and no black spot on the hind part of their gill cover. They also have a gray caudal fin (see Fish anatomy) with black tips.
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Shiva was grief-stricken and picked up her corpse and began to wander about, as her body parts fell to the earth. There are 51 Shakti Peethas which are believed to be enshrined with the presence of Shakti due to the falling of body parts of the corpse of Sati Devi, when Lord Shiva carried it and wandered throughout Aryavartha in sorrow. The 51 Shakti Peethas also correspond to 51 letters of the Sanskrit alphabet. One view is that Guhyeshwari Temple marks the spot where Sati's hips or hind part is said to have fallen.
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Checkered beetle left The forewings of beetles are not used for flight, but form elytra which cover the hind part of the body and protect the hindwings. The elytra are usually hard shell-like structures which must be raised to allow the hind wings to move for flight. However, in the soldier beetles (Cantharidae), the elytra are soft, earning this family the name of leatherwings. Other soft wing beetles include the net-winged beetle Calopteron discrepans, which has brittle wings that rupture easily in order to release chemicals for defence.
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The results for Muntha variously occupying the 12 houses and/or aspected or joined by anyone of the nine planets are described by the standard astrological texts dealing Tajika system. However, its connection with Rahu is exceptional. If Muntha is in the face of Rahu, there will be access to wealth, fame etc.; but if it is in the hind part of Rahu, there will be fear from enemies and difficulties all-round; if the same Rahu is in the lagna, then there will be financial troubles and loss of wealth.
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Like other members of its genus, the Llanos long-nosed armadillo has a carapace, a hard armour-like covering consisting of ossified dermal plates covered with leathery skin. The hind part of the body is covered by six to eleven moveable bands which give the animal flexibility. The tail is armoured, but the face, neck and underparts lack armour and are sparsely covered with pale fur. The legs are short and the four toes on the forefeet and five on the hind feet are long with strong claws.
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The species can grow to a length of about with around 180 segments. The front of the prostomium (head) has no eyes or antennae, but the hind part has a pair of long palps and up to four eyes. The multi-segmented body is broadest fairly near the front and then tapers gradually to the pygidium (terminal segment) which bears a funnel. Each segment bears parapodia (outgrowths) and chaetae (bristles), the ventral branches of the parapodia being triangular or finger-like, and these structures reducing in size towards the rear of the animal.
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This species is only visible during the first two days of monsoon showers, when it tends to congregate in temporary water puddles including in abandoned roadside quarries, which was where the type specimens were discovered. During courtship, the male tends to raise the hind part of its body, displaying a pair of black "false eyes" or eyespots. This action is also performed when individuals are disturbed, indicating that they may also be used to ward off predators. After 4 or 5 days, all adult frogs disappear from the breeding site, leaving just the eggs.
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Tiktaalik also had a pattern of bones in the skull roof (upper half of the skull) that is similar to the end-Devonian tetrapod Ichthyostega. The two also shared a semi-rigid ribcage of overlapping ribs, which may have substituted for a rigid spine. In conjunction with robust forelimbs and shoulder girdle, both Tiktaalik and Ichthyostega may have had the ability to locomote on land in the manner of a seal, with the forward portion of the torso elevated, the hind part dragging behind. Finally, Tiktaalik fin bones are somewhat similar to the limb bones of tetrapods.
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Adults have an elongate white body with narrow chevron markings and may be up to 18 cm (7 in) in length. Juveniles have a mostly yellow tail and a broad black band extending from the rear of the dorsal fin to the rear of the anal fin. The tail pattern and the coloring of the posterior part of body changes dramatically with growth, with the tail entirely black with a thin yellow outline and the hind part of the body not differing in color from the areas further forward in adults. A juvenile Chevron butterflyfish, demonstrating the color difference compared to adult fish.
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The frontal was overlapped by the nasal and (bone in front of the eye socket) at the middle front, and its frontmost part contacted the hind end of the nasal. Seen from the side, the hind part of the frontal was dome-like, which indicates that Xixiasaurus had an enlarged braincase. The rim of the (eye socket) was raised, with weak notches along the margins. The lacrimal bone was T-shaped in side view; its front process was very long and reached the hind margin of the antorbital fenestra, forming most of the latter's upper hind border, as in Byronosaurus.
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It is generally depicted as half terrestrial animal in the frontal part (stag, deer or elephant) and half aquatic animal in the hind part (usually of a fish, a seal, or a snake, though sometimes a peacock or even a floral tail is depicted). Though Makara may take many different forms throughout Hindu culture, in the modern world, its form is always related to the marsh crocodile or water monitor. According to an art historian John Boardman, depictions of Makara and Chinese Dragon might have been influenced by Kētos in Greek Mythology possibly after contact with silk-road images of the Kētos.
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Uropods, in immunology, refer to the hind part of polarized cells during cell migration that stabilize and move the cell. Polarized leukocytes move using amoeboid cell migration mechanisms, with a small leading edge, main cell body, and posterior uropod protrusion. Cytoskeleton contraction and extension, controlled by various polarized signals, helps propel the cell body forward. Leukocyte polarization is an important requirement for migration, activation and apoptosis in the adaptive and innate immune systems; most leukocytes, including monocytes, granulocytes, and T and B lymphocytes migrate to and from primary and secondary lymphoid organs to tissues to initiate immune responses to pathogens.
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The male normally sings only one calling song in one place before moving on to another spot to try calling again. However, occasionally they may call more than once in the same spot. Ticking is another sound that is produced when the male flicks the hind part of its back leg against one of its fore wings (the process is called a tibial flick). In the courtship process, the frequency of these tibial flicks does not follow a regular pattern and is highly variable between 5 and 15 ticks repeated roughly every 1 to 2 seconds.
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APIN tablets indicate that the vernal equinox was marked by the Babylonian constellation known as "the hired man" (the modern Aries). In the Old Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh, the goddess Ishtar sends Taurus, the Bull of Heaven, to kill Gilgamesh for spurning her advances. Enkidu tears off the bull's hind part and hurls the quarters into the sky where they become the stars we know as Ursa Major and Ursa Minor. Some locate Gilgamesh as the neighboring constellation of Orion, facing Taurus as if in combat, while others identify him with the sun whose rising on the equinox vanquishes the constellation.
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Behind and above the premaxillae were the nasals, which are three-dimensionally preserved in the holotype, documenting the shape of the upper side of the snout. On its back part, the nasal featured a downward- extending bulge, similar to that seen in some related genera including Ophthalmosaurus. This bulge also gave rise to a short but robust wing-like extension that formed an overhang over the hind part of the bony nostril; this feature was also present in Ophthalmosaurus icenicus and Platypterygius australis. The edge of this overhang was roughened, indicating that this was probably the attachment site for a soft-tissue structure.
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He notes that the workers of Z. ferox possess most synapomorphies provided by Bolton. For example, the antennae are geniculate and the scapes are rather short; the funiculus (segments between the antennal base and club) is filiform; there are no known propodeal lobes (a carina that delimits the propodeal scrobe laterally); two spurs are present on the mesotibia and metatibia (the middle and hind part of the tibia); and a preapical tooth is found on the claws and a sting is present. Its placement within the tribe Sphecomyrmini is supported by the female mandibles bearing two teeth and the elongated third antennal segment.
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The dull-mantled antbird is long and weighs around . Overall, these birds look essentially blackish grey in the front half and dark reddish brown in the hind part, with a black wing-patch with white spots right where the two main colors meet. But in the dusky forest understory, the birds may appear all-black, with only the white spotting standing out.Zimmer & Isler (2003a) The plumage of the male is blackish grey on the head, neck, upper mantle and on the underside up to the upper belly, and reddish brown on most of the remaining upperparts and underparts; remiges and rectrices are somewhat darker, with dark reddish brown edges.
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The pink tinge is strongest at the base and extends across the hind part of the thorax. Between the base and the distance of one-third of the length of the wing, are two straight, transverse, chestnut-fulvous strigae, which shade gradually into the pale ground colour. There is another abbreviated striga of the same kind at one- third. There is a broad, more oblique chestnut-fulvous bar across the middle of the wing and beyond this, and parallel with it, is another narrow, darker chestnut-fulvous, oblique striga, leaving a broad apical margin of chestnut- fulvous, slightly clouded with an obscure paler wave.
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The orifice of the aquæductus vestibuli is the hind part of the medial wall; it extends to the posterior surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone. It transmits a small vein and contains a tubular prolongation of the membranous labyrinth, the endolymphatic duct, which ends in a cul-de- sac between the layers of the dura mater within the cranial cavity. On the upper wall or roof, there is a transversely oval depression, the recessus ellipticus, separated from the recessus sphæricus by the crista vestibuli already mentioned. The pyramid and adjoining part of the recessus ellipticus are perforated by a number of holes (macula cribrosa superior).
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A distinct keel ran along the lower middle of the atlas and axis vertebrae. Vertebra from the front part of the neck of the holotype specimen; "llr" stands for the "lateral longitudinal ridge" on the sides of the centrum Most of the neck vertebrae were compressed sideways, especially at the middle of the neck. A crest (also termed ridge or keel) ran longitudinally along the side of the neck vertebrae (a feature typical of elasmosaurids), visible from the third to the fifty- fifth vertebrae, at the hind part of the neck. This crest was positioned at the middle of the centrum in the front vertebrae, and at the upper half of the centrum from the 19th vertebra and onwards.
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The teeth were restricted to the front two-thirds of the dentary, which bore 24 (tooth sockets) in a manner similar to Jianchangosaurus but different from Erlikosaurus, in which nearly the entire dentary was toothed, bearing 31 alveoli. The tooth row of Segnosaurus was inset and demarcated by a shelf on the outer side as it was in all derived (or "advanced") therizinosaurs. Unlike in other related taxa, the shelf was restricted to the hind part of the dentary and the raised rim that defined it was not as pronounced. Segnosaurus was unique in having a low ridge rising between the fifth and fourteenth alveoli that divided the dentary into two almost-equally sized front and hind parts.
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Mural, Museum of Anatolian Civilizations Neolithic hunters attacking an aurochs, Museum of Anatolian Civilizations Detail of the mural showing the hind part of the aurochs, a deer and hunters Murals, Museum of Anatolian Civilizations Seated goddess flanked by two felines, lionesses A striking feature of Çatalhöyük are its female figurines. Mellaart, the original excavator, argued that these well-formed, carefully made figurines, carved and molded from marble, blue and brown limestone, schist, calcite, basalt, alabaster, and clay, represented a female deity. Although a male deity existed as well, "statues of a female deity far outnumber those of the male deity, who moreover, does not appear to be represented at all after Level VI". To date, eighteen levels have been identified.
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Just above this ridge, the dentary was pierced by a row of as in Jianchangosaurus and Alxasaurus, which became less regular by the region around the mandibular symphysis, where the two halves of the mandible met at the front. This row was instead directly in line with and on the side of the ridge in Erlikosaurus. The that ran along the inner side of the mandible, was placed further down than in Erlikosaurus and had a consistent depth until the thirteenth tooth position, whereafter it widened. The lower jaw elements behind the dentary (the , surangular, , and bones) were distinct from those of other therizinosaurs, being gracile and linear, and contributing to the hind part of the hemimandible being elongate and almost rectangular.
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The two claws of the third and fourth front toe are enlarged and able to shovel the sand ahead of themselves. A pouch used in rearing young, a feature common to marsupials and as is usual for subterranean species, faces away from the direction of travel to avoid sand entering it. The anatomy of N. caurinus has been examined with CT scans, showing the skeletal tomography, and MRI that give some details of soft tissue structures, the 2003 study being the first since the details given by Thomas in 1920. The vertebrae at the hind part of kakarratul are completely fused, a unique characteristic amongst the marsupials, and the spinal column is greatly strengthened; the side view of the spine shows a flattened profile that is also advantageous to its fossorial habits.
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Reconstructed skull and neck in front view, NHM Osmólska and colleagues pointed out that the front part of the neck of Gallimimus would have been very mobile (the hind part was more rigid), the neural arches in the vertebrae of that region being similar to chicken and other Galliformes, indicating similar feeding habits. They found the beak of Gallimimus similar to that of a duck or goose, and that it would have fed on small, living prey which it swallowed whole. The mobility of the neck would have been useful in locating prey on the ground, since the eyes were positioned on the sides of the skull. They assumed that all ornithomimids had similar feeding habits, and pointed out that Russel had compared the beaks of ornithomimids with those of insectivorous birds.
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The ribs, humerus, and coracoid, however, were displaced to the left side of the vertebral column, indicating transportation by a water current. This is further evidenced by an isolated ilium of Diplodocus that apparently had drifted against the vertebral column, as well as by a change in composition of the surrounding rocks. While the specimen itself was embedded in fine-grained clay, indicating low-energy conditions at the time of deposition, it was cut off at the seventh vertebra by a thick layer of much coarser sediments consisting of pebbles at its base and sandstone further up, indicating deposition under stronger currents. Based on this evidence, Riggs in 1904 suggested that the missing front part of the skeleton was washed away by a water current, while the hind part was already covered by sediment and thus got preserved.
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The hind part of the thorax is much lighter towards the abdomen, which is ashy grey above and lighter beneath. A fine whitish longitudinal line occurs on each side of the head, over the eyes. The forewings have a dark-brown stripe running along the costa, which widens outwardly to include the whole of the first lobe, which is more or less sprinkled with white scales, especially on the middle of the wing and at the base and near the end of the first lobe, the two latter forming two more or less defined oblique white stripes, the outer one of which is much more oblique and narrower than the one above the end of the fissure. The hind half of the wing is much lighter, with a somewhat indistinct brown spot on the middle of the cell and another just within the end of the cleft.
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Detail of an illustration from Burt's Letters, 1754 > Some of these [peat] Carts are led by Women, who are generally bare-foot, > with a Blanket for the covering of their Bodies, and in cold or wet Weather > they bring it quite over them. At other times they wear a Piece of Linen > upon their Heads, made up like a Napkin-Cap in an inn, only not tied at top, > but hanging down behind.... When they [female servants] go Abroad, they wear > a Blanket over their Heads, as the poor Women do, something like the > Pictures you may have seen of some bare-footed Order among the Romish > Priests. And the same Blanket that serves them for a Mantle by day, is made > a Part of their bedding at Night, which is generally generally spread upon > the floor; this, I think, they call a Shakedown. — Burt's Letters from the > North of Scotland, 1754 > The women's drefs is the kirch, or a white piece of linnen, pinned over the > foreheads of thofe that are married, and round the hind part of the head, > falling behind over their necks.
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