"Space and Time" by Brit-rock band The Verve—with its brutal opening of "There ain't no space and time to keep our love alive / We have existence and it's all we share"—is still sharp.
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Bolzano has a complex theory of how we are able to sense things. He explains sensation by means of the term intuition, in German called Anschauung. An intuition is a simple idea, it has only one object (Einzelvorstellung), but besides that, it is also unique (Bolzano needs this to explain sensation). Intuitions (Anschauungen) are objective ideas, they belong to the an sich realm, which means that they don’t have existence. As said, Bolzano’s argumentation for intuitions is by an explanation of sensation.
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A traditional realist position in ontology is that time and space have existence apart from the human mind. Idealists, by contrast, deny or doubt the existence of objects independent of the mind. Some anti-realists, whose ontological position is that objects outside the mind do exist, nevertheless doubt the independent existence of time and space. In 1781, Immanuel Kant published the Critique of Pure Reason, one of the most influential works in the history of the philosophy of space and time.
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In On Free Choice of the Will, Augustine argued, in the context of the problem of evil, that evil is not the opposite of good, but rather merely the absence of good, something that does not have existence in itself. Likewise, C. S. Lewis described evil as a "parasite" in Mere Christianity, as he viewed evil as something that cannot exist without good to provide it with existence. Lewis went on to argue against dualism from the basis of moral absolutism, and rejected the dualistic notion that God and Satan are opposites, arguing instead that God has no equal, hence no opposite. Lewis rather viewed Satan as the opposite of Michael the archangel.
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"If you ask what these experiences > are, they are conversations with the unseen, voices and visions, responses > to prayer, changes of heart, deliverances from fear, inflowings of help, > assurances of support, whenever certain persons set their own internal > attitude in certain appropriate ways." > If religious liberty includes, as it must, the right to communicate such > experiences to others, it seems to me an impossible task for juries to > separate fancied ones from real ones, dreams from happenings, and > hallucinations from true clairvoyance. Such experiences, like some tones and > colors, have existence for one, but none at all for another. They cannot be > verified to the minds of those whose field of consciousness does not include > religious insight.
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In spite of being folded in Ensenada and suffering the mutiny of his troops from the United States, Walker proclaimed himself president of the Republic of Sonora , which also included Baja California and that, like its successor, did not have existence in fact nor any recognition. In fact, Walker only reached the territory of Sonora in 1854 when pressured by the navy of the United States and Mexico, he had to flee Ensenada. Before the harassment of Meléndrez and the desertion of another part of his troops, Walker and the remnant of his filibuistero army surrendered in San Diego to the American army. Taken to trial, the judge said he was guilty of violating the Neutrality Law signed between Mexico and the United States after the US invasion of Mexico in 1847 .
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On 22 February the motion was made to reverse the Chancery decree. The Lords then debated, the record showing that five Lords spoke. Four of these, Lord Camden, Lord Chancellor Apsley, the Bishop of Carlisle, and the Earl of Effingham, spoke in favour of the motion to reverse the decree, and one, Lord Lyttleton, spoke against the motion. Lord Camden, in his speech, was scathing toward the booksellers: > The arguments attempted to be maintained on the side of the respondents, > were founded on patents, privileges, Star Chamber decrees, and the bye (sic) > laws of the Stationers' Company; all of them the effects of the grossest > tyranny and usurpation; the very last places in which I should have dreamt > of finding the least trace of the common law of this kingdom; and yet, by a > variety of subtle reasoning and metaphysical refinements, have they > endeavoured to squeeze out the spirit of the common law from premises in > which it could not possibly have existence.
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