1000 Sentences With "hard labour" | Random Sentence Generator

He was purged as a "rightist" and sentenced to hard labour.

He was tried in March 2016, and sentenced to 15 years' hard labour.

Slater was found guilty and sentenced to hard labour in His Majesty's Prison Peterhead.

Oscar Wilde was convicted of "gross indecency" and sentenced to two years' hard labour.

The steam train is a reminder of hard labour, economic promise and working-class struggle.

A sixth performer was sentenced to a year with hard labour, while another was acquitted.

"HARD LABOUR" Several drivers currently or formerly employed by contractors told Reuters working conditions were punishing.

During the trip, father and son worked hard labour in return for a roof over their head.

Pyongyang is holding two U.S. citizens, both of whom it has tried and sentenced to hard labour.

A civilian court sentenced them to 10 years in prison with hard labour - later reduced to seven years.

Last year, Canadian missionary Hyeon Soo Lim was sentenced to hard labour for life for subversion of the state.

Public-works programmes, for example, provide money only to those willing to perform hard labour, like digging ditches or planting trees.

A court in North Korea sentenced an American student, Otto Warmbier, to 15 years' hard labour for crimes against the state.

During the course of our chat, it became apparent that "Can You Feel It," wasn't the result of months of hard labour.

Five members of the troupe were sentenced last month to a year in jail with hard labour for undermining the armed forces.

North Korea released Otto Warmbier, an American student arrested in 2016 and sentenced to 15 years' hard labour for stealing a propaganda poster.

The workfare scheme Congress introduced in 2005 avoided this problem, since anyone willing to perform hard labour at low wages must be needy.

North Korea arrested Bae, a U.S. missionary, in November 2012 and sentenced him to 15 years' hard labour for crimes against the state.

In March, Otto Warmbier, a 21-year-old student of the University of Virginia, was sentenced to 15 years' hard labour for trying to steal a propaganda banner bearing the name of former leader Kim Jong Il. In April, a North Korean court convicted Korean-American missionary Kim Dong Chul of crimes against the state and sentenced him to 10 years' hard labour.

Seamus Heaney's spirited and acclaimed translation of "Beowulf", published in 1999, made him feel like a man sentenced to hard labour, he later confessed.

"I don't want my son to do this kind of hard labour," said Hla Myint, 56, whose 15-year-old son works in San Pya.

He was forced to do hard labour, moving and stacking coal, and was given so little food he was always on the brink of collapse.

A civilian court in Pakkoku, near the alleged factory, sentenced them in July 2014 to 10 years in prison with hard labour - later reduced to seven years.

It's clear that nobody is here to haul dead creatures, as no one would ever sully the shoes they were wearing by subjecting them to hard labour.

The university attracts a steady stream of devout American Christians, despite North Korea's history of handing down long sentences with hard labour to missionaries accused of various transgressions.

Seven Myanmar soldiers have been sentenced to "10 years in prison with hard labour in a remote area" for participating in the massacre, the army said on Tuesday.

North Korea has released security camera footage of American undergrad Otto Warmbier committing the crime that got him 15 years of imprisonment and hard labour in the hermit state.

On Wednesday, the Supreme Court convicted Warmbier for "crimes against the state", and sentenced him to 15 years of hard labour — a punishment the country has become notorious for.

On Wednesday, North Korea's supreme court sentenced a visiting American student to 15 years of hard labour for crimes against the state, a punishment Washington condemned as politically motivated.

The military court sentenced the three other Khayat brothers - Khaled, Mahmoud and Tareq - in absentia to hard labour for life, Lebanese state news agency NNA said late on Wednesday.

He gave evidence in defence of a teenager sentenced to six months hard labour for sewing the American flag to the seat of his trousers (the prosecution finally failed in 1974).

Warmbier, sentenced last year to 15 years' hard labour for trying to steal a propaganda item from his hotel, died in a Cincinnati hospital just days after being released in a coma.

In March, the administration sentenced U.S. college student Otto Warmbier to 15 years of hard labour after he was caught trying to steal a banner from the hotel at which he was staying.

Pleasants was released around the time of the death of Joseph Stalin in 1953 and, having been forced to do hard labour in an underground coal mine, initially struggled to readapt to normal life.

Punters had previously risked three years hard labour for gambling in the reclusive and tightly controlled state, but the growing importance of private markets meant more people had money to spend on leisure, experts said.

On Tuesday, seven Myanmar soldiers were sentenced to 10 years "with hard labour in a remote area" for participating in a massacre of 10 Rohingya Muslim men in northwestern Rakhine state last September, the army said.

It follows the death in June of U.S. student Otto Warmbier, who was sentenced in North Korea last year to 15 years' hard labour for trying to steal an item bearing a propaganda item from his hotel.

The popularity of clothing invented to survive hard labour is of topical interest in America, a country gripped by election-year debates about blue-collar, working-class voters, and whether their interests have been ignored by ruling elites.

South Korean-born Kim Dong Chul, a naturalized U.S. citizen, was convicted a month later and sentenced to 10 years hard labour – shortly after Washington levied more sanctions against Pyongyang in response to a missile test in February of that year.

He has defied all the odds, worked his way up through good, hard labour, got his hands dirty working for a series of think tanks and now earned that loftiest of prizes, the right to be the Conservatives' choice for London mayor.

Matthew Todd Miller, who sought political asylum in North Korea but was sentenced to six years of hard labour, said in an interview after his release six months later that he was permitted to keep his iPhone to listen to music, among other privileges.

Rehal says the series is a way of paying tribute to the women who've experienced various types of struggles after moving to the UK; "the racism, sacrifices, domestic and verbal abuse and hard labour that they had to endure after moving from their homes from overseas".

He told the South China Morning Post recently that Liu's situation could be compared to that of Otto Warmbier, an American student who was sentenced to 15 years of hard labour for stealing a propaganda banner during a visit to North Korea last year and who died six days after being released on medical parole last month.

He started off his career as an actor, appearing in the British TV film Hard Labour by Mike Leigh. imdb Hard Labour hard labour film imdb He also managed the bands The Durutti Column and Fast Breeder. Lennie James played him in the 2002 film 24 Hour Party People.

Andersson was, like Fritjof Enbom, sentenced to hard labour for life.

They faced violence and hard labour in the re-education camp.

He was sentenced to two years hard labour in Wakefield Prison.

Wilde is convicted of gross indecency and sentenced to two years' hard labour.

He was convicted of manslaughter and sentenced to 2 years hard labour at Darlinghurst Gaol.

The men mostly worked in hard labour jobs whilst women worked in more domestic occupations.

Yettaw was condemned to a total of seven years: three for violating Aung San Suu Kyi's house arrest, three hard labour for breaking immigration laws, and one hard labour for trespassing. Aung San Suu Kyi was initially sentenced to three years of hard labour, but after a five-minute recess, Than Shwe reduced it to eighteen months of house arrest. Khin Khin Win and Win Ma Ma were also sentenced to eighteen months.

Hard Labour is a settlement on the island of Saint Croix in the United States Virgin Islands.

She was tried, with 13 other buntari and sentenced to 14 years and ten months hard labour.

The court also sentenced Abdallah Ben Darmoul to forced labour for life and Hadj Ben Belgacem and Fredj Es-Soudani to ten and twenty years' hard labour respectively. Mohamed Lakhangi Belgacem, Ben Mohamed and Manoubi El Guettari were sentenced to between three and five years' hard labour, and the remaining defendants were sentenced to prison. Most of the death sentences were subsequently commuted to hard labour for life,'L'affaire du Djellaz. Sept condamnations à mort, Gil Blas, 1 July 1912 p.

The branding of criminals was practised in Russia long before tattooing was customary, and was banned in 1863. In the 19th century, a "pricked" cross on the left hand was often used to identify deserters from the army, and up until 1846, criminals sentenced to hard labour were branded "BOP" (thief), the letters on the forehead and cheeks. Brands were also applied to the shoulder blade and the right forearm, in three categories; "CK" for Ssylno-Katorzhny (hard labour convict), "SP" for Ssylno-Poselenets (hard labour deportee) and "Б" for Begly (escapee). In 1846, VOR was replaced by "KAT"; the first three letters of the word for "hard labour convict" or katorzhnik.

Holberry and Peddie received long prison sentences with hard labour; Holberry died in prison and became a Chartist martyr.

At age 68, Annet was sentenced to the pillory and a year's hard labour. He died on 18 January 1769.

He was arrested in 1959 and sent for hard labour at a public security detention centre near Beijing. Yuyan was arrested again in 1966 during the Cultural Revolution and sent to do hard labour in Shanxi. He was only released in 1979 and allowed to return to Beijing, where he became a road sweeper.

This would be punishable by a penalty of £5 (2009: £) or, failing payment, two months imprisonment with or without hard labour.

Ives would find both defendants guilty on charges of conspiracy, and sentenced them to four months hard labour and fined $275,000.

A few months later, he was again arrested and imprisoned for four months, in Wormwood Scrubs, this time at hard labour.

While on Norfolk Island Bannon was sentenced to numerous infringements relating to disobedience, resulting in months of hard labour while chained.

Sodeman was sent to prison to serve three years hard labour. Sodeman escaped from prison and was sentenced to a further 12 months imprisonment with hard-labour. Upon release, Sodeman settled down to various labouring jobs, first in Melbourne, and later in Gippsland. He married Bernice Pope at Collingwood and their daughter, Joan, was born in 1928.

Many children suffered from deformities caused by hard labour in the mills. Education was not an option for the majority of children.

This time, he was sentenced to three months' hard labour. This third incident caused a furore, and three additional palace guards were appointed.

Eight men were court-martialled on charges of non-violent mutiny and sentenced to 90 days and two years hard labour followed by dismissal.

In Victor Hugo's Les Miserables, main character Jean Valjean is sentenced under the 1810 Penal Code to a sentence of hard labour for theft.

After a guilty verdict was rendered in April 1953, Kenyatta received a sentence of seven years' hard labour and he remained in prison until 1959.

He joined the opposition to Sergii after the death of his diocesan bishop. Fr Zhurakovsky was arrested in 1930 and sent to ten years' hard labour. He suffered from TB and had been near the point of death in 1939 when he was sentenced to another ten years of hard labour without seeing freedom for a day. He died not long after in a distant northern camp.

It has been subject to very few alterations, most of which have been carried out in the custody and service areas located to the rear of the ground floor. The custody area has four cells which were labelled on the original plans (the location of which is now unknown) as ‘Male Felon at Hard Labour’, ‘Male Felon not at Hard Labour’, ‘Female Felon at Hard Labour’ and ‘Common Ward’. The Sessions House ceased to be used as a Magistrates Court in 2003. The Sessions House in Spalding, Lincolnshire, was built in 1842 to 1843 and was designed by Charles Kirk and erected at a cost of £6,000.

The murder of a French colonist named Vanel and the attempted murder of six Italian cart drivers during the Jellaz incident came to court in August 1912. Three of the accused, Ali ben Ataya, Hassen Elghoul and Ali Bahli were found innocent, Of the guilty, Abdallah Ben Djeballah and Amor Ben Mabrouk were condemned to death, although their sentence was later commuted to hard labour for life. Mohamed Gara was also sentenced to hard labour for life, while Mohamed Ben Kaddour, Abdelkader Chtiqui and Mohamed Bouzgaia were given fifteen years' hard labour.'Le meurtre de M. Vanel à Tunis', Gil Blas, 8 August 1912, p.

Four Years in Parliament With Hard Labour Cooke married Frances Panther Broome in 1876. Cooke lived at Hellens, Herefordshire and died at the age of 69.

Judge Frank Brennan sentenced Johnson Duck to life imprisonment with hard labour.(9 July 1925) "Wilful murder", imprisonment for life, The Brisbane Courier. Retrieved 9 August 2019.

The following month, the Treaty of Fort Stanwix was signed with the Iroquois which resulted in a different boundary line that followed the Ohio River to its confluence with the Tennessee River. This conflicted with the line set by the Treaty of Hard Labour by moving the Cherokees' bounds further west. In 1770, the Treaty of Lochaber redrew the line originally set by the Treaty of Hard Labour.

Black inmates were given just two sets of clothes and fed plain sadza and vegetables for every meal. For his first four years at Khami, Mnangagwa was assigned to hard labour. After Red Cross representatives visited and complained to the government about the poor conditions of political prisoners, conditions were eased somewhat. Instead of hard labour, Mnangagwa then volunteered as a tailor, since he knew how to use a sewing machine.

He was released on bail in January 2016. Samaha was sentenced again to 13 years with hard labour in April 2016 for attempting to carry out terrorist acts.

However, in 1958 the death sentence was commuted to life imprisonment and later reduced to 20 years hard labour. Oberg was pardoned and released on 28 November 1962.

After the Pearl Harbor attack, Japanese forces occupied the foreign concessions and captured the soldiers. They were shipped off to Hangzhou and Xiaolingwei to do hard labour. Part of the group sent to Xiaolingwei escaped, and some rejoined the Chinese forces. Thirty-six officers and soldiers were sent to Papua New Guinea to do hard labour, and in 1945 when the war went against Japan, they overpowered their captors and took them prisoners instead.

For his part in the caper Aston was sentenced to two months hard labour but his prison sentence was reduced to one month on appeal that he had never been convicted of theft previously. In November 1909 Aston was again sentenced to hard labour, this time for two months, for non payment of maintenance. By now living at 22 Market Square, Stoke, Aston was reportedly well known to the courts for his drunken behaviour.

The Criminal Justice Act 1954 abolished the distinction between imprisonment with and without hard labour and replaced 'reformative detention' with 'corrective training', which was later abolished on 30 June 2002.

Men worked in the hard labour sectors, whilst women worked in the more domestic industries. At this time there were only two professionals in the village, one male and one female.

In what came to be known as The Trial of the Four, the Soviet Union brought charges against Yuri Galanskov for publishing Phoenix. The prosecutors also charged Alexander Dobrovolsky with contributing to the magazine, Vera Lashkova with assisting the typing of the manuscript, and Alexander Ginzburg with collaborating with Galanskov on The White Book. Lashkova was sentenced to a year in prison. Dobrovolsky was sentenced to two years at hard labour, while Ginzburg received five years at hard labour.

The authorities prevented him from getting a new job, and in 1979 he was arrested and sentenced to one year's hard labour for parasitism. While he was still at the camp at the end of his term, he was re-tried and accused of anti-Soviet propaganda; he was sentenced to an additional six years’ hard labour followed by another five years of internal exile.Pospielovsky (1988), p. 182. The seminar increased in popularity and numbers, however.

He was arrested in 1922 in connection with the church valuables campaign and sentenced to one year in prison. He was arrested five more times in the next five years, involving short prison terms, exile and hard labour. He was told that he would be left alone if he simply retired or left his diocese, but refused to do so. He opposed the declaration of loyalty in 1927 and was sentenced to three years hard labour in Solovki.

McAsh is framed for a crime he did not commit and sent to serve seven years hard labour in the Colony of Virginia where he is forced to find a new life.

"Nottinghamshire", Police Gazette page.1, 18 October 1918 The six-month 'hard labour' sentence served by the Nottingham magistrate in December 1918"Wanted at Mansfield", Sheffield Daily Telegraph 2 December 1918, p.

On his retirement he admitted he had dealt with so many crises, the Department was like a "landmine"."Prisons boss ends six years' hard labour". The New Zealand Herald. December 21, 2010.

Murphy (2004), p.225 Captain Notman appeared as a witness in his defence, and Berry received a nine-month hard labour prison sentence.Weale (1994), p.196Derby Daily Telegraph (21 February 1946), p.

Most offences carried a single, mandatory sentence: indefinite imprisonment with hard labour. A convicted offender could be released only upon special decision of the Governor-General, advised by an appointed review board.

Section 52 - Hard labour This section was repealed by the Statute Law Revision (No. 2) Act 1893. Section 53 - Solitary confinement This section was repealed by the Statute Law Revision Act 1892.

A former prisoner estimates, that during his eight months of detention, around 800 prisoners died because they were forced to do hard labour and they were only given sub-subsistence level food rations.

The novel starts immediately after the arrest of protagonist Jack Zollo in My Life as a Criminal. Zollo is sentenced to twenty years of hard labour for robbery. After a few days, he decides to fake insanity to be relieved of the hard labour and a long sentence and be transferred to a less-secure mental hospital so as to be able to escape, in due course. Eventually his game succeeds, and after two weeks Zollo is transferred to Mathare Hospital.

Lamarque was captured in 1910. He had been sentenced to death in absentia, but after his capture his sentence was commuted to life imprisonment with hard labour in the penal colony at Devil's Island.

During the era of the National Liberation Council government he was sentenced to 3 months imprisonment with hard labour by two asset commissions on the conviction of perjury and contempt of Justice Apaloo's Commission.

In January 1908 the earlier case on which sentence had been deferred was reopened and he was sentenced to four months hard labour plus an additional month for failure to pay the earlier fine.

His followers were sentenced to hard labour or public corporal punishment. A statue had been erected to Tata Colin in the central square of Totness, and the local school had been named after him.

Afterwards 15 hut leaders were court-martialled among whom was Sean Mac Mahon. He was defended by Gavin Duffy. He was sentenced to 28 days hard labour serving 6 of them in the camp.

It is revealed in the remaking of nature to make it serve man by cognizing and using its laws and in the freeing of man from hard labour by making labour easy and effective.

The prison regime imposed hard labour punishments enabling prisoners to earn an honest livelihood when released. Juvenile offenders were sent to a reformatory, at Scott's insistence, to learn a trade and to read and write.

In May 1872 he was finally tried and sentenced to hard labour for life, but the sentence was commuted to life in prison. Pillot died in the central prison at Melun on 13 June 1877.

After the war, Knežević remained in exile and was tried in absentia alongside others. He was found guilty of treason and war crimes and sentenced to 10 years imprisonment with hard labour, loss of political and civic rights for 5 years, confiscation of all property, and loss of citizenship. The sentence of imprisonment with hard labour was to commence from the date of his future arrest. He emigrated to Canada where he was the editor of Glas kanadskih Srba (Voice of the Canadian Serbs).

He was convicted and Ives, dismissing his role in the affair as that of an "errand boy", sentenced him to three months hard labour. Powell's trial proceeded immediately after Unwin's, and his testimony contradicted much of what Unwin had said. Powell claimed that Unwin had put the list of names on the pamphlet, and that Powell had expected that it would list organizations rather than individuals. Ives found Unwin's testimony more credible, convicted Powell on November 15, and sentenced him to six months hard labour.

At the end of the 20-minute battle, an estimated 163 Israelites died, 129 were wounded and 95 were taken prisoner including Enoch Mgijima. A total of 163 Israelites who were killed in the battle were buried at Bulhoek on the 25 May 1921. Mgijima, his elder brother Charles, and Gilbert Matshoba were sentenced to five years hard labour at DeBeer's Convict Station in Kimberley. A few were given suspended sentences, but the remaining 129 Israelites were sentenced to between 12 and 18 months hard labour.

224–225 They were told they would be executed and placed in front of a firing squad. After the squad conducted a mock execution, the victims were told their sentences had been commuted to hard labour.

Charges against one co- defendants, William Ahearn, were dropped, and three others, John Dunne, Michael Kennedy, and William Kennedy, were convicted of "wounding". Patrick Kennedy was sentenced to 5 years of penal servitude, Michael Kennedy was sentenced to 6 months of hard labour, James Kennedy was sentenced to 18 months of hard labour, William Kennedy was sentenced to 18 months of hard labour, Mary Kennedy was released owing to her age and frailty, Patrick Boland was sentenced to 6 months of hard labour, John Dunne was sentenced to 3 years of penal servitude, and Michael Cleary was found guilty of manslaughter, and sentenced to 20 years of penal servitude; he spent 15 years in prison. He was released from Maryborough (now Portlaoise) prison on 28 April 1910 and moved to the English city of Liverpool, from which he emigrated to Canada in July of the same year. On 14 October 1910, a black bordered letter was sent from the office of the Secretary of State, Home Department, London, to the undersecretary, Dublin Castle stating that Michael Cleary had emigrated from Liverpool to Montreal on 30 June.

Natalya Alexandrovna Armfeldt (; 1850–1887) was one of the first Russian revolutionaries to resort to political violence in opposition to the Tsar's regime. She was sentenced to hard labour and deported to Siberia, where she contracted tuberculosis.

His financial affairs in the Transvaal had then been conducted by Gandhi. Owing to his Parsi ethnicity he was exempt from the registration certificates required by the Dutch government and he had been exempted from the necessity of taking a registration certificate under the Dutch government. On 11 February 1909, he was sentenced to sixth months of hard labour for refusing to give his thumbprints and sentenced again on 11 August 1909, to six months of hard labour. Gandhi visited him in prison in December 1909 and gravely reported that Rustomjee health was weakening.

86–87 > Refusal to remain in their masters' service earned hard labour at the > Factory for Sarah Brown, Mary Lee, Catherine Kiernan and Mary Draper.[...] > Margaret Donnolly and Johanna Lawson for escaping from the Factory and > stealing clothes while at large. Ann Hayes were sentenced by the Sydney > Bench of Magistrates to twelve months' hard labour at the Factory for > prostitution and being 'a pest to society'. For most of the factory period, Third Class women were given less food and fewer clothes than other women, and were in the worst of the accommodation.

Li was expelled from the party, and was sentenced to hard labour at Zhaitang near Beijing. Fang was not immediately expelled from the party, because he played a lesser role in writing the letter, and also because he had left Peking University, where the punishment was particularly severe. Still, he was removed from the nuclear program, and sent to do hard labour in Zanhuang, Hebei province from December 1957 to August 1958. Out of political pressure, Li and Fang put their relationship on hold until early 1959, when Fang was also expelled from the party.

He was detected and arrested but, as Count Orlov declined to prosecute, was discharged, though subsequently he was sentenced to three years' hard labour for pocket-picking at Drury Lane theatre. On his release, he was again caught at his old practices and sentenced to five years' hard labour, but influence secured his release on the condition that he leave England. He accordingly went for a short time to Dublin, and then returned to London, where he was once more detected pocket-picking, and, in 1790, sentenced to seven years' transportation.

Additionally hard labour and very hard labour were introduced as methods of punishment. The core ideology of the law and its motivation was based on racist ideology. As the German Interior Ministry explained the foundation of the law was "Polish guilt which can’t be washed away, and that proves Poles are not worthy of Europe" and that the atrocious nature of Poles is the starting point of the German penal law. The new law gave almost unlimited right to pass death sentences against Poles and imprisonment in concentration camps.

In December 1906, Lalayants is arrested and after two years of pre-trial detention, he is convicted to 6 years of hard labour, serving in the St. Petersburg remand prison and in the Shlisselburg Fortress. At the end of 1913, he is exiled to an eternal settlement in Eastern Siberia: the Biryulskaya Volost of Verkholensky District, Irkutsk Governorate. In the fall of 1914, Lalayants settles in Irkutsk, where he lives until 1921. Hard labour has made him severely ill, and has since withdrawn from the party and politics.

Staff of Matadi Railway Station with native workers Joseph Conrad witnessed the hard labour on the railway line, when he worked in the Congo Free State, and subsequently mentioned this in his well-known novel Heart of Darkness.

In November 1904, as Edward Berridge of Ketton was delivering bread in South Luffenham, Charles Louth stole a loaf of bread to the value of 2½d, from the cart. He was sentenced to 14 days' hard labour.

Two other students come forward to reveal more of Doucet's misconduct—one confessing to be his mistress. Doucet faces trial and hard labour if convicted. The film was released on 21 December 1967. Film critics praised Brel's performance.

Pud and the veteran are killed. Oscar returns, but assures the Cirinsts that he was not a patron. They arrest him, instead, for writing a book without having an "artistic license", and sentence him to two years hard labour.

It features Jonny Mattock, Kevin Cowen, Mark Refoy, Fiona McCreath, Jon Wald and Adam Fernie. Carruthers is making a return to live music. He describes his life as being "a peculiar balancing act between artistic endeavour and hard labour".

He was under the death sentence for 16 months. During this time he expressed his disagreement with the IRA bombing campaign in England.Article by Bob Jones His sentence was later commuted to thirty years hard labour in January 1940.

This operation was planned by the company's officers, who retained control over their soldiers during the killings. Nine members of the division were convicted of this massacre by a Soviet military tribunal in 1947 and sentenced to 25 years hard labour.

Palmer was accused of embezzlement while working as marine superintendent of waterways transport for the Chinese National Relief and Rehabilitation Administration in 1947. He was convicted and sentenced to one year hard labour, but the conviction was overturned on appeal.

Indian agent James C. Clifford gathered a petition from Northern Cheyennes demanding that he be imprisoned. Porcupine was arrested in October and given hard labour at Fort Keogh. He was released on 28 February 1901 on promising to behave.Marquis, p.

In 1844, Joseph Mason of Felmersham was convicted of larceny ("unlawful taking of the personal property of another person") and sentenced to three months hard labour and imprisonment, after stealing an axe from under a stump of ash in the wood.

For example, we may identify the situation of an academic examination of a school, in which the cause of securing good marks in various subjects leads to mental and emotional readiness of students to do more hard labour in acquiring knowledge.

Notable recipients of hard labour under British law include the prolific writer Oscar Wilde (after his conviction for gross indecency), imprisoned in Reading Gaol. Labour was sometimes useful. In Inveraray Jail from 1839 prisoners worked up to ten hours a day.

Slaves or lower-status citizens sentenced to hard labor were held in prison camps.Millar, "Condemnation to Hard Labour," p. 122ff. Incarceration (publica custodia) in facilities such as the Tullianum was intended to be a temporary measure prior to trial or execution; abuses of this principle occurred but were officially censured.Bauman, Crime and Punishment in Ancient Rome p. 23; Millar, "Condemnation to Hard Labour," p. 122 ("the carcer was employed for the retention of prisoners awaiting trial or punishment," but "any tendency for it to be used as a place of sentence was always resisted") and p. 130.

Until 1832 in France, various offenses carried the additional infamy of being branded with a fleur de lis and galley-slaves could be branded GAL or, once the galleys were replaced by the bagnes on land, TF (travaux forcés, 'forced' labor, i.e. hard labour) or TFP (travaux forcés à perpetuité, hard labour for life). In most of the German-speaking states, however, branding people was unlawful. Following the Conspiracy of the Slaves of 1749 in Malta, some slaves were branded with the letter R (for ribelli) on their forehead and condemned to the galleys for life.

They asked Mr Hambidge, the farmer not to proceed with prosecution, but he insisted on pressing charges. The women considered to be ringleaders, not defended by counsel, were sentenced to imprisonment with hard labour, seven of them for 10 days, and nine of the women for 7 days. A newspaper in 1873 printed the story under the heading, "Rioting in Chipping Norton". The seven women imprisoned for 10 days with hard labour were: Martha Maria Smith aged 45, Rebecca Smith aged 25, Mary Moss (alias Smith) aged 17, Charlotte Moss aged 39, Ann Susan Moss aged 25, Ann Moss aged 22 and Fanny Honeybone aged just 16. The nine women sentenced to 7 days imprisonment with hard labour were: Elizabeth Pratley, aged 29, Mary Pratley aged 33, Ellen Pratley aged 25, Lavinia Dring, aged 44, Amelia Moss aged 36, Martha Moss, aged 33, Caroline Moss, aged 18, Jane Moss aged 31 and Mary Moss aged 35.

At the conclusion of the trial, the jury was advised that there was insufficient evidence for a verdict of wilful murder, with only murder, manslaughter or acquittal being permissible.(15 May 1947) Seven Years Hard Labour: Manslaughter verdict at trial, The Morning Bulletin.

He remained in exile after the war, was sentenced to 10 years imprisonment with hard labour in absentia during the Belgrade Process conducted by the country's newly established communist authorities, and emigrated to Canada where he lived until his death in 1983.

In 1977, he was implicated for involvement in the assassination of Ngouabi and arrested. He was sentenced to life imprisonment and hard labour in 1977. He was released in 1979 but had to live in exile in France from 1979 to 1990.

Social Credit whip and MLA Joe Unwin and Social Credit Board advisor George Frederick Powell were arrested and charged with criminal libel and counselling to murder. Both were convicted of the libel charge, and Justice William Carlos Ives sentenced them to hard labour.

Burgess and Tester were both sentenced to penal transportation for 14 years. Pierce, as he was not a member of SER staff, was given the lighter sentence of two years' hard labour in England, three months of which would be in solitary confinement.

In 1984, having completed the 5-year term, Horbal was not released from incarceration, but was immediately sentenced to another term of 8 years of hard labour and 3 years in exile. However, this sentence was terminated in 1988 during the Perestroika.

Annie Buller, working with the Workers' Unity League, spoke in Estevan in support of the striking workers. After the riot, Buller was charged and sentenced to one year of hard labour, to be completed at the Battleford Jail, and a $500 fine.

On 13 January 1919, there was a mutiny on board while the ship was docked at Milford Haven. Eight men were court-martialled on charges of non-violent mutiny and sentenced to 90 days and two years hard labour followed by dismissal.

After the Treaty of Hard Labour and the Treaty of Fort Stanwix in 1768, many settlers, including the Ward family pushed west again into the area currently known as Greenbrier County, West Virginia. The Ward family established a homestead on the Anthony Creek.

Both he and I were arrested under the Balfour Coercion Acts. Another trumped-up charge of conspiracy was brought against us. I was sentenced to six months' hard labour and Thomas was sentenced to two months. These sentences were served in Cork Jail.

On 10 December 1994, the Lebanese court sentenced Panos, Raffi and Hratch Nahabedain in absentia to death, commuted by the law of 84/91 to life imprisonment with hard labour. To this day, the sentence has not been carried out; the convicts remain at large.

Mourez died in jail. Jarrett survived her six months with hard labour. While in prison, he continued to edit the Pall Mall Gazette, and his Christmas card played up his martyrdom. Stead wrote a threepenny pamphlet of his prison experience soon after his release.

In the end, the accused Radicals were sentenced to twenty years of hard labour, Taušanović to 10 years and Pašić to only five years in prison. These measures were accompanied by organised attacks on the Radicals. They were being fired, persecuted, and purged throughout Serbia.

Penalties included life imprisonment, hard labour and flogging. Sex between women has never been criminalised in New Zealand. The Dorian Society (1962–88) was the first New Zealand organisation for homosexual men. The British Homosexual Law Reform Society provided legal assistance to the society.

Martin was tried and found guilty. He was hanged at the Adelaide Gaol on 24 December 1862 (Christmas Eve). He is buried between the walls within the gaol. Wilsen was found guilty of assisting Martin after the murder and sentenced to four years hard labour.

While Kitson and Matthews (both white), were imprisoned in Pretoria Central Prison and joined Denis Goldberg and for Mkwayi, Maharaj and Chiba joined Nelson Mandela, Govan Mbeki, Walter Sisulu, and other prominent African National Congress members for hard labour at the famous Robben Island quarry.

In 1949, Fenet was convicted of being a collaborator and sentenced to 20 years imprisonment with hard labour. He was released in 1959. After Fenet was released, he appeared in several documentary films and television programmes. He also ran a small independent auto business.

The Plains tribes had a tendency toward matriarchal society. Women were in charge of important household affairs. When a man got married, he lived with his wife, serving hard labour at her household. Females were inheritors of the property and passed on the lineages.

Online Etymology "luncheon", etymonline.com In medieval Germany, there are references to similariar, a sir lunchentach according to the OED, a noon draughtof ale, with breadan extra meal between midday dinner and supper, especially during the long hours of hard labour during haying or early harvesting.

On 11 August 2009 the trial concluded with Suu Kyi being sentenced to imprisonment for three years with hard labour. This sentence was commuted by the military rulers to further house arrest of 18 months.Burma court finds Suu Kyi guilty. BBC News. 11 August 2009.

He was charged with being in contempt of an officer and conduct prejudicial to good order and discipline. He was found guilty and sentenced to one year's hard labour and to be dismissed from the Navy.Endymion was sent to the Humber for coast guard duties.

Brown, vol. 1, p. 128-9. Francis Wemyss disagreed at least in part, saying that Hamblin's acting was "more than balanced by the husky, disagreeable tones of his voice, which always gave the appearance of hard labour to everything he undertook."Wemyss, Francis (1847).

Prominent American colonials joined with the land speculators in Britain to lobby the government to move the line further west.For information about Pontiac's War, see The colonists' demands were met and the boundary line was adjusted in a series of treaties with the Native Americans. The first two of these treaties were completed in 1768; the Treaty of Fort Stanwix adjusted the border with the Iroquois Confederacy in the Ohio Country and the Treaty of Hard Labour adjusted the border with the Cherokee in the Carolinas. The Treaty of Hard Labour was followed by the Treaty of Lochaber in 1770, adjusting the border between Virginia and the Cherokee.

Wilde was incarcerated from 25 May 1895 to 18 May 1897. He first entered Newgate Prison in London for processing, then was moved to Pentonville Prison, where the "hard labour" to which he had been sentenced consisted of many hours of walking a treadmill and picking oakum (separating the fibres in scraps of old navy ropes), and where prisoners were allowed to read only the Bible and The Pilgrim's Progress. A few months later he was moved to Wandsworth Prison in London. Inmates there also followed the regimen of "hard labour, hard fare and a hard bed", which wore harshly on Wilde's delicate health.

For that, he was sentenced to a further ten years hard labour. While in Kara, he helped fellow revolutionary Ippolit Myshkin to escape, for which he was transferred to the Peter and Paul Fortress. In 1884, he was moved to Shlisselburg, where he died of tuberculosis.

He stuck and smothered. The entire wall had to be pulled down to get him out and although he was still alive, he died shortly afterwards. There was a Coroner's Inquest which returned a verdict of manslaughter. Wyer was sentenced to six months’ imprisonment with hard labour.

Charged with five counts of wilful murder as well as neglect and conspiracy, Waters was convicted of murdering an infant named John Walter Cowen. Her sister, Sarah Ellis, was convicted in the same case for obtaining money under false pretences and sentenced to eighteen months' hard labour.

72.39 % of the 1,311 working population describe their employment as working more than 6 months while the remaining 27.61 % describe their work as marginal activity providing livelihood for less than 6 months. Of the 72.39 % in hard labour, 168 were cultivators and 658 work in agriculture.

Although not necessarily put to "hard labour" the inmates are expected to work the farms, allowing them time to develop skills and escape the daily routine of the prison. In 2017, due to a new program of medication, Lotus Glen became Australia's first Hepatitis C-free prison.

Between 1941 and 1944 he returned to the bank of Indo-China, serving as Chairman. However, after the war he was charged with collaborating with the Germans, and on 3 March 1947 he was sentenced to five years hard labour. The sentence was commuted in 1949.

Police then searches for them due to be linked with terrorism. Phoring decides to go looking for her in Kolkata. He stays many a days doing hard labour in a Muslim-owned hotel to survive in the city. At last he meets Doel in a jail.

The park's construction was hard labour. While steam shovels did the dredging, the soil was moved wheelbarrow by wheelbarrow. One worker collapsed and three horses died. The park was completed in time for the planting of trees on May 12, 1937, Coronation Day, a public holiday in Toronto.

The judge commented "It is you and men like you who are corrupting the womanhood of this country."Kohn, 2001, pp. 163-167. Payne already had been sentenced to three months' hard labour for possession of cocaine and was serving her sentence at the time of Chang's trial.

Waugh (2003). Eventually, he saved enough money to attend radio technology courses at Norwich Technical College. When he ran out of money, he was arrested for attempting to cash a forged cheque in 1934. Bossard served six months hard labour, a fact he suppressed throughout most of his career.

Men, women, and children performed hard labour seven days a week and were treated as slaves. Labour operations included a gypsum quarry and a gold mine, textile plants, distilleries, a coppersmith workshop, agriculture, and logging. Serious work accidents often occurred. Work shifts in summer started at 4 a.m.

This was the genesis of ECWA Hospital Egbe. In 1925 they started building a Maternity and Clinic, with Christian converts’ support and hard labour, the building was completed in 1926. Since the birth of the Hospital, Rev and Mrs. Titcombe had worked hard to sustain it till 1951.

He was sentenced to 2 years hard labour. At the UNC rally held that night Dookeran was not permitted to speak on the platform. Maharaj, however was seated centre stage at that rally. On 25 April, Panday's appointment as Opposition Leader was revoked by President George Maxwell Richards.

Judge 1992, p.82 He fled from the scene but was soon arrested and faced severe police torture during a long police remand. He was tried and sentenced to six months imprisonment with hard labour, in his own words (Punjabi text:'ਛੇ ਮਹੀਨੇ ਦੀ ਬਾਮੁਸ਼ੱਕਤ ਕੈਦ…').Dil 1998, p.

Slater's conviction was quashed in July 1928 on the grounds that Lord Guthrie had failed to direct the jury about the irrelevance of allegations relating to Slater's previous character. After serving an almost two-decades long prison sentence of hard labour, Slater received only £6,000 (2015: £) in compensation.

William Thompson Sabben (14 Jan 1813 – 3 May 1890) was Adelaide's first Town Clerk and was Mayor from December 1858 to January 1859, his term being cut short when he was indicted on charges of forgery and uttering, found guilty, and sentenced to six years with hard labour.

Forshaw was never selected to play for England. In 1932 Forshaw was sentenced to 12 months imprisonment with hard labour for fraud after being found to have amended a winning betting slip from £2 to £20 by adding the 0 on himself.Liverpool Echo 19 May 1932 'Forshaw Guilty'.

In September 1896, Addison was sentenced to six months hard labour at the Old Bailey for forging and uttering an order for the payment of £2 5s., with intent to defraud. He was also charged with stealing two spirit levels and other articles of Henry Robert Bicknell, his master.

The uprising was not supported in the westernmost provinces of Pinar del Río, Havana and Matanzas. With few exceptions (Vuelta Abajo), resistance was clandestine. A staunch supporter of the rebellion was José Martí who, at the age of 16, was detained and condemned to 16 years of hard labour.

"Nightmares," 2000 AD #706 In 2116, he risks 20 years imprisonment with hard labour when he challenges the policy of a Chief Judge."Prologue," Judge Dredd Megazine vol. 2 #57 In 2129, Dredd threatens to resign if the Chief Judge doesn't change the city's harsh anti- mutant apartheid laws.

Dunbar presents ideas of Ethiopia as a mother, shows a pride in the African-American people, and encourages hope as well as racial pride. His poem emphasizes a belief in a brighter future ahead for the people of Ethiopia which is based on their own honor and hard labour.

However, they later discuss being off the coast of Africa. The journey has taken 237 days. Governor Phillip refuses to hang Tallant lant and sentenced him to hard labour in the penal colony in Botany Bay, New South Wales. However Gilbert demands that Tallant is charged with mutiny.

Kundan bends the iron rods and escapes, but is caught. He is imprisoned for a further five years for trying to escape. The second time he tries to do so, he gets an additional seven years. Kundan spends a total of fourteen years in prison doing hard labour.

In the First World War he was a conscientious objector, and was sentenced by courts-martial to three terms of imprisonment with hard labour after military service tribunals recognised his objection only to the extent of allowing him service in the Non-Combatant Corps, which he refused to accept.

Laws against prostitution existed from the founding of the State in 1851. The Vagrant Act 1852. included prostitution as riotous and indecent behaviour carrying a penalty of imprisonment for up to 12 months with the possibility of hard labour (Part II, s 3).Any habitual Drunkard having been thrice convicted of drunkenness within the preceding twelve months and any common Prostitute who in any Street or public Highway or being in any place of public Resort shall behave in a riotous or indecent manner....shall be liable to imprisonment in any Gaol or House of Correction in the said Colony for any time not exceeding twelve months with or without hard labour.

They were sentenced to death. One of the judges was Boutros Ghali.Islam in History, by Bernard Lewis, Open Court Publishing, 1993, p.384 Abd-el-Nebi and another villager were given life sentences of penal servitude; twenty-six villagers were given various terms of hard labour and ordered to be flogged.

Nicolas Werth, Histoire de l'Union soviétique, Paris, PUF, 2008, But under the Stalin's regime, Petr Shelokhonov was detained by the Soviet authorities and was forced to work hard labour for several months on the construction grounds for the Kirov Stadium in Leningrad until he was drafted in the Soviet Navy.

Minor became involved in revolutionary politics while studying at the University of Moscow. He joined the party of 'People's Will' in the early 1880s. In 1883 he was arrested for the first time, and again in 1885. In 1887 he received a sentence of ten years hard labour in Siberia.

Yodok concentration camp (; ) was a kwalliso in North Korea. The official name was Kwan-li-so (penal labour colony) No. 15. The camp was used to segregate those seen as enemies of the state, punish them for political misdemeanors and put them to hard labour. It was closed down in 2014.

In 1904, company promoter Harry Lawson and business partner E. T. Hooley were indicted for "an ingenious system of fraud carried out over a long period". Lawson, who defended himself, was found guilty and sentenced to a year's hard labour. Hooley was defended by Rufus Isaacs and found not guilty.

"Marie Lloyd's Husband Gets Months Hard Labour for Assault on Police", The Evening Telegraph and Post, 7 June 1917, p. 2 Lloyd began drinking to escape the trauma of her domestic abuse. That year, she was earning £470 per weekFarson, p. 116 performing in music halls and making special appearances.

It is illegal in Burma to have a guest stay overnight at one's home without notifying the authorities first. Their trial began 18 May 2009. On 11 August, Yettaw was sentenced on three counts totalling seven years, including four hard labour. Suu Kyi was sentenced to eighteen months of house arrest.

For disobeying orders he was court-martialled in Edinburgh on 7 August 1916 and sentenced to two years imprisonment with hard labour, served at Calton Prison, Edinburgh. He was court-martialled twice more before his release, on grounds of serious ill-health, "to the care of his friends", in December 1917.

As a result, Long remained in Saigon Central Prison, serving his life sentence with hard labour. The French were unaware that Long was still in contact with his supporters. The uprising also led the French to initiate widespread crackdowns and surveillance of secret societies, resulting in more than 1500 suspects.

Gas was introduced to the prison in 1879. This allowed the provision of heating via hot water pipes and earned it the nickname of the Cranmore Hotel. Male inmates in the prison were forced to undertake "hard labour". This labour included the picking of oakum, rock breaking and wood chopping.

The 35 miners working on No. 2 Face received £3 fines and 1,050 other striking miners were fined £1. The fines, if not paid, would result in imprisonment with hard labour. One of the union officials imprisoned, Tudor Davies, was well known in the community and was himself a justice of the peace.

She was sentenced to nine years hard labour. But this was reduced to banishment to Siberia. In Tobolsk she was able to employ her medical knowledge to help the local people, where she became known as the "miracle worker". In 1876 Lyubatovich escaped from Siberia and went into hiding in St. Petersburg.

O'Meally claimed to be the grandson of Johnie O'Meally a member of Ben Hall's gang.Sharpe, "The Man They Couldn't Break" It is unclear when he changed his name. On his own he was soon in trouble. He was sentenced to two days hard labour for riding on a train without a ticket.

Local gastronomical dishes include the Piuran Secho de Chavelo (the capital's dish), Algarrobina cocktails, many types of ceviches and other seafoods like Majarisco and Pasao al Agua. Piura is famed for its natilla sweets as well. The warm climate of this region forbids hard labour from 1:00 p.m. to 4:00 p.m.

On 10 September 2013, six soldiers were sentenced to 15 years in jail for causing the short circuit which led to the fire. Twenty-six others were acquitted of the disaster. The former deputy secretary general was sentenced to five years of hard labour for the disaster by the National Security Council.

The bank failed, resulting in a bail-out operation by the central bank worth $350 million in 1989. Chalabi was later sentenced to 22 years imprisonment with hard labour in absentia. Nabulsi's five-year term ended in 1994 and he was reappointed for another term. He resigned as of 1 January 1996.

A teenage girl accuses her primary schoolteacher, Jean Doucet (Jacques Brel), of trying to rape her. The police and the mayor investigate, but Doucet denies the charges. Two other students come forward to reveal more of Doucet's misconduct – one confessing to be his mistress. Doucet faces trial and hard labour if convicted.

Once Prabhudas insults Chandrakant & Shanti before everyone. Distressed, Chandrakant decides to take avenge by earning money, so, builds a huge empire by hard labour. But in that process, he neglects his wife Shanti and not able to give much time to her. Shanti becomes depressed, she gives birth to a baby boy Ravi.

Based on new witness statements, the court sentenced him to the death penalty in 1869. The Senate of Finland changed the sentence to 12 years of hard labour at the Hämeenlinna correctional facility. Isotalo is reported to have denied his guilt for the rest of his life. In prison he behaved well.

As a 1957 account describes the "peculiar" egg-laying behavior, "the female lies on her side and, with legs braced against the oötheca, penetrates the tough integument of the egg-capsule after about half-an-hour's hard labour."Cameron, E. (1957). On the parasites and predators of the cockroach. II. - Evania appendigaster (L.).

In 1936, the Belgrade branch of the party was outlawed. Končar was arrested and imprisoned for one year of hard labour, which he spent in Sremska Mitrovica prison. Upon being released, he moved to Zagreb and began working for Siemens. He formed a Communist movement in the city and organized a successful strike in 1938.

Gots was born in Moscow into a wealthy Jewish family. He studied at the University of Moscow and joined 'The People's Will' in 1884. In October 1886 he was arrested and banished to Siberia. In 1889 he took part in a convicts' uprising in Yakutsk and was sentenced to hard labour in Siberia for life.

Born in 1921, his life degenerated, after a meteoric boxing rise, into drunkenness and gang violence. He knifed his girlfriend, asked for the death sentence during his trial and instead was sentenced to 14 years' hard labour. He was found drowned in 1957 and it was believed his death was suicide. He was 36.

Rafiq was born in 1943 in the village of Baitpur, Bagerhat, Bangladesh (then India). In his youth, his country was going through a political instability. During his student life at Dhaka University he was a political activist and was arrested and jailed twice. Pakistani martial law court sentenced him ten years of hard labour.

From April 1933 to April 1934, Saefkow was in a concentration camp, followed by two and a half years in a Zuchthaus at hard labour, followed by a spell at the Dachau concentration camp. There, he organized an illegal remembrance service for Edgar André and as a result was given another two years of imprisonment.

The inmates included children, the youngest being a seven-year-old girl sentenced to seven days hard labour in 1870 for stealing a pram.Oxford Castle mugshots show 'victims of their time, BBC News, accessed 15 January 2017. In 1888 national prison reforms led to the renaming of the county prison as HM Prison Oxford.

The mood of his audience was nationalistic with chants of "Faisal is our king." In the anti-zionist violence that followed 12 people were killed. The British set up courts-martial to punish those they believed responsible. Haj Amin al- Husseini and Arif al-Arif were sentenced in absentia to ten years hard labour.

In 1926, the Damascus military court executed 355 Syrians without any legal representation. Hundreds of Syrians were sentenced to death in absentia, prison terms of various lengths, and life imprisonment with hard labour. Additionally, it was during this period that Syrian Women's Rights groups began to assert themselves, led by individuals like Naziq al-Abid.

Occupational Activity - This type of activity is sustained from all exercise undertaken at a place of work. This could include running/walking up and down stairs or if for labourers, the hard labour that is undertaken. This also includes schools for children. Active Transport - This means that the activity undertaken instead of driving a car.

On 18 April the prison authorities announced that they had uncovered a plan for a prison uprising and mass escape. Bryks was among those accused of the allaged plot. He was tried on 11 May 1950 and found guilty. His sentence was extended with 20 years' hard labour and he was fined Kčs 20,000.

"Drug Traffic in London", Daily Express, 14 December 1918, p. 1. After Carleton's death, You was sentenced to five months in jail with hard labour for preparing opium for smoking and supplying it to Carleton. The author Marek Kohn, however, argues that Carleton did not die from cocaine but from legal depressants taken to deal with her cocaine hangover.

It was reissued with additions by Rev. Charles Rogers Bond, Bristol, 1829. Behind unconvincing stories of its origin, the book contained naturalistic explanations of Old Testament miracles. On 20 June 1756 Ilive was sentenced to three years' imprisonment with hard labour in the House of Correction at Clerkenwell, for writing, printing, and publishing an anonymous pamphlet in 1754.

Index also commissioned a new play by Actors for Human Rights, Seven Years With Hard Labour, weaving together four accounts from former Burmese political prisoners now living in the UK."Amnesty hosts hard-hitting performances of real life stories". Amnesty.org (UK). Index also co-published a book of poetry by homeless people in London and St. Petersburg.

Ivanovskaya was arrested and charged with involvement in the assassination. She was sentenced to death, with the sentence being reduced to life, hard labour. After fifteen years she was released from prison, but was sent to Siberia. In 1903, she escaped and went into hiding, joining the Socialist Revolutionary Party and became involved with the SR Combat Organisation.

On 22 March 1889 he participated in a prisoners' uprising in Yakutsk and was condemned to death by hanging, but the sentence was commuted to hard labour for life. In 1896 he was released but forbidden to live in European Russia. That restriction was eased in 1898; he was merely forbidden to live in St. Petersburg or Moscow.

Bluecap's bushranging career came to an end when he attempted to rob three plain-clothed policemen. He attempted to flee but was shot and captured. Put on trial in Wagga Wagga on 20 April 1868, Cottrell was convicted of armed robbery and sentenced to ten years hard labour. Cotterell served 6 and half years before being released in 1874.

William escaped penal transportation to Gibraltar because he was expected to be a witness in further trials. He spent much of his sentence in hard labour at the Chatham Dockyard. William was released on parole in September 1876. Richard spent the rest of his life attempting, largely unsuccessfully, to recover some of his lost fortuneHarris (2001) p.

Within the territories of the German protectorate called General Government there were two main areas of expulsions committed by the German state. The protectorate itself was seen as temporary measure, and served as a concentration camp for Poles to perform hard labour furthering German industry and war effort. Eventually it was to be cleared of Poles also.

William was found guilty and sentenced to twelve months imprisonment with hard labour in Chelmsford Gaol. His accomplice, Benjamin Jackson was sentenced to be whipped, and discharged. Released from gaol in 1836 William soon fell into bad company. On 3 January 1837 William, aged 17, together with James Bird, aged 21, appeared at the Essex Quarter Sessions in Chelmsford.

As a result of his actions, Li was jailed on 9 June for "counterrevolutionary propaganda and incitement".Chinese dissident found dead, family suspect foul play. Reuters, 6 June 2012 He was sentenced to ten years of imprisonment, but his sentence was increased to thirteen years when he appealed to the court. He was also sentenced to hard labour.

Since then it has been permanently exhibited at Brandts in Odense. Worn Out was again exhibited in Groningen and in Munich in 2012 and 2013. This painting is monumental (207 x 270 cm) and in the centre a woman is screaming over a dead man, worn out due to hard labour in the still feudal and poor, rural society.

He was accused of acting as a trainer to two of the embassy bombers. He was put before a military tribunal on March 16, 1999, as part of the Returnees from Albania trial, with Montasser al-Zayat as his lawyer. He was sentenced to 15 years' hard labour for being an alleged member of al-Jihad.Burke, Jason.

Davis appeared as a contributor on The Pound in Your Pocket, a retrospective series of archive programmes shown on BBC Parliament in 2007. The programme marked forty years since the devaluation of the Pound by the British government on 18 November 1967, a subject covered by Davis in his book Three Years' Hard Labour: The Road to Devaluation.

Qu Leilei (曲磊磊, born 1951)Yung Chang. (1996) Preface to A Visual Diary reproduced at redfern-gallery.com. Retrieved 19 March 2008. is a contemporary Chinese artist currently based in the UK. Qu grew up in China during the Cultural Revolution and spent some time forced in to hard labour as his parents were branded capitalists .

Prominent Buddhists proclaimed that Buddha lived in Lenin, and that Buddha in Lenin had founded Communism.Kolarz, p. 455. After Khrushchev, Buddhists were subjected to a wave of attacks after some Eastern bloc intellectuals converted to Buddhism. In 1972 a leading Buddhist and Tibetan scholar in the USSR, Bidia Dandaron, was arrested and sentenced to five years’ hard labour.

His hard labour was reduced to five years, and during those five years he wrote a book on the history of Siberia. In 1876, Potanin led an expedition into Mongolia. The expedition spent the winter of 1876-1877 in Kobdo, with bitter cold and few provisions. While there, the expedition collected various biological specimens and conducted ethnological research.

Neither Martin nor Wilsen testified at the trial. Martin was found guilty and sentenced to death and was hanged at the Adelaide Gaol on 24 December 1862.South Australian Register, 26 December 1862 His remains were buried within the gaol. Wilsen was found guilty as an accessory after the fact and sentenced to four years hard labour.

The imprisoned SR Central Committee members were put on trial starting June 8, 1922.See Elizabeth A. Wood. Performing Justice: Agitation Trials in Early Soviet Russia, Cornell University Press, 2005, , p.83 The trial was the first of the many political trials of Soviet Russia and ended with twelve death sentences and several years of hard labour sentences.

He was sentenced to four and a half years hard labour, resulting in a breakdown in his health. After his release in 1983 he continued to be a leading member of the opposition movement which culminated in the Velvet Revolution of 1989. He was elected the first President of a free Czechoslovakia and subsequently of the Czech Republic.

The truth came to light through Hughes's method of repaying the defalcations; by destroying cheques and paying creditors cash out of his own pocket. Hughes was tried, convicted and sentenced to eight years' jail with hard labour. It is likely Hughes was released in late 1873, No further requests for remission were made. but not made public.

However, Lytton supported Temple, who argued that "everything must be subordinated to the financial consideration of disbursing the smallest sum of money."Mike Davis, Late Victorian Holocausts, El Niño Famines and the Making of the Third World, Verso, 2001; calories for Buchenwald diet: 1750; Temple wage: 1627. Both involved hard labour (p.39); Temple's remark on financial considerations p.

The workers demanded that their work load be reduced. However, authorities arrested their leader. He was convicted of breach of contract and sentenced to 20 days of hard labour. A group led by George Gordon (who may have been a Creole) and including 7 Indian indentured workers went on strike at the Cane Grove Estate in 1873.

William Buwalda (1869-1946) Mob Work: Anarchists in Grand Rapids, Vol. 2 (Grand Rapids, MI: Sprout Distro, 2014), p. 23 was a United States soldier (private first-class) who gained national attention after being punished with three years' hard labour for shaking hands with Emma Goldman in the early 1900s after attending a speech by anarchist Emma Goldman.

Przeczek's motive of hard labour in the concentration camp can be observed from the fragment of Z lagrowej ulicy (From the Camp Street) poem from his poetry collection Serce na kolczastych drutach (Heart on the Barbed Wire): Gustaw Przeczek died on 21 February 1974 in a hospital in Hradec Králové during a heart operation and is buried in Trzyniec.

Peters also outlined his party's policies which included reducing immigration to 10,000 a year and nationalising the country's banks. Peters also proposed making KiwiBank the New Zealand government's official trading bank. In terms of law and order, Peters said that his party would build no more prisons but would make prisoners do hard labour six days a week.

The evidence against him was produced by Alderman Lazar. He was sentenced to six years' hard labour, which was generally considered over-severe, commencing February 1859 and was released in November 1861. :F. W. Thomas was elected unopposed to the ward of Hindmarsh. The mayoral position went to Alderman Wright on the casting vote of the chairman, Alderman Elliot.

Senior General Than Shwe, leader of the ruling military junta, has pledged to release political prisoners in an amnesty before the election, though he has not stated when this would occur.Myanmar considering amnesty for pol prisoners. Zee News. 2009. On 2009, Suu Kyi was sentenced to imprisonment for three years with hard labour over a trespass incident.

After survey pegs had been pulled up, when the Counties Act 1886 was invoked to build Opuatia Rd on Māori land, the police, with armed support, arrested 10 men and 8 women in 1894, two of whom were sentenced to two months hard labour. The government bought in 1895. Roads in the valley were being metalled in the 1920s.

Tod Maffin is former national radio host/producer, and today is a Canadian digital marketing strategist(11 June 2011). Hard labour: job burnout, Financial Post ("Tod Maffin, a digital marketing strategist at Vancouver consultancy tMedia Strategies") and keynote speaker specializing in social media, mobile marketing, and viral marketing, as well as using social media for employer and school recruitment.

The result was that Miller was charged with insubordination and sentenced to a three-week disciplinary course with hard labour, from 18 October to 9 November.Perry, p. 71. In mid-November he was posted to Ouston near Newcastle upon Tyne where he was trained in the use of radar using Anson and Oxford aircraft.Perry, p. 72.

Cao Cao angrily said, "There is a saying, 'I gave birth to a daughter, that is all.' 'That is all' is not a complimentary phrase. He meant disrespect when he wrote, 'There will be changes as time passes.'" Cao Cao then had Cui Yan stripped off his post, thrown into prison, and ordered to perform hard labour.

When the hostilities ceased, Rua was arrested and transported to Rotorua. He was eventually found not guilty of sedition but guilty of “moral resistance” to the policeBinney et al (1979) pp. 119-124 and sentenced to 12 months hard labour to be followed by 18 months imprisonment. He served 9 months in Mt Eden Prison, Auckland.

Clément Duval, an anarchist, was sent to Devil's Island in 1886. Originally sentenced to death, he later received a commuted sentence of hard labour for life. He escaped in April 1901 and fled to New York City, where he remained for the rest of his life. He eventually wrote a book about his imprisonment called Revolte.

Browne's beliefs were heavily influenced by the work of Havelock Ellis, Edward Carpenter and other sexologists. She came to strongly believe that working women should have the choice to become pregnant and to terminate their pregnancy while they worked in the horrible circumstances surrounding a pregnant woman who was still required to do hard labour during her pregnancy.

The women must endure torture and hard labour while trying to remain positive and level headed. Many believe the war would end soon and their husbands or soldiers will come looking for them. Nonetheless, the living conditions are brutal, and many face sickness and death. The women have been at the prison camp for two years now.

67 The Sultan replaced Refat Pasha with Sherif Pasha as governor, and sent troops in to maintain order. They arrested 50 people, of whom six were publicly executed without a trial. Several public officers were demoted and some were sentenced to hard labour. The Ottoman Empire furthermore paid 40 000 English pound compensations to the families of the victims.

Released in October 1905. In 1908–1917, he lived in Gelendzhik under the supervision of the police, collaborated in the magazine "Byloye". Since 1922 – in Moscow, a member of the Society of Former Political Prisoners and Exiled Settlers and the editorial board of the journal "Hard Labour and Exile". In 1936, he joined the Communist Party.

After leaving court he attended another protest a few days later and was again arrested and bailed later sentenced in July to two offences of six months hard labour suspended for two years. Sachs had not been a member of the CPSA for many years when he and many others had been purged from the party in the 1930s.

Hand was found guilty of being intoxicated and in neglect of duty, and sentenced to serve three months hard labour on 20 July; the court also criticised the captain. On 24 July and the following day the ship's cargo, equipment and hull were auctioned off on the beach, recovering around £1,900 from an estimated value of £25,000.

In Manchester in 1972, shooting his television film Hard Labour, director Mike Leigh drove over to Liverpool to see Ted Whitehead's play The Foursome, (Steadman was in the Liverpool Everyman cast). He asked Steadman to be in his film. "During the preparation of the film, Mike and Alison, as they both say, 'got together.'"Coveney, p.

The genders are separated shortly after puberty. The boys are taught how to hunt for food with an arrow, do hard labour, and create a basket. Wrestling is done daily which strengthens their muscles. They are also trained in combat and taught leadership skills so they are able to look after their own families later on.

Xu Huanshan (born 13 July 1937) is a Chinese actor and occasional film director. Xu was enrolled in the Beijing Film Academy in 1956. A year later, he was labelled as a "rightist" and was sent for "re-education through labour" under the Communist government's Anti-Rightist Movement. In 1966, he was sent to Xinjiang to perform hard labour.

Tiensten was later arrested in November 2011 by the Investigation Task Force Sweep on three further charges for diverting PGK 3.4 million of government funding to Tolpot Services Ltd, of which he was both a shareholder and a director. In March 2014, he was convicted of misappropriation over 10 million kina, and sentenced to nine years of hard labour.

When New Zealand became a British colony in 1840, British law was adopted in its entirety, making "buggery" illegal and a capital offence. In 1893, all kinds of sexual activity between men was criminalised, with penalties including imprisonment, hard labour, and flogging. Sexual acts between women were never criminalised. Despite discriminatory laws, a small gay subculture developed.

Bosman was sentenced to death for the crime and was sent to Death row at the Pretoria Central Prison. His sentence was later reduced to ten years with hard labour. In 1930, he was released on parole after serving half his sentence. His prison experiences formed the basis for his semi-autobiographical book, Cold Stone Jug.

Zundelevich was arrested in the National Library on 28 October 1879 and sentenced in the October 1880 Trial of the Sixteen to indefinite hard labour. He was imprisoned in the Peter and Paul Fortress, and thereafter in the Kara and Akatuy katorga prisons. He was released after the 1905 Russian Revolution, and emigrated to England in 1907.

Of the nine arrested, seven were sentenced to nine months hard labour whilst Thomas Palin and Samuel Hayward were sentenced to death by hanging for the crime of Felonious Riot. Hayward managed to secure a reprieve on 2 April and avoided the death sentence. Thomas Palin was executed for his role in the strike on 7 April.

At their subsequent trial Tolson, Liddle and Shepperd were sentenced to a month in prison with hard labour while Davison, because of her previous convictions, received two months with hard labour. The four women immediately commenced a hunger strike and were force-fed during their sentence. Davison barricaded the door of her cell with two beds and mattresses and was blasted with a firehose for 15 minutes through her cell window. In 1919 Tolson's uncle Legh Tolson gave Ravensknowle Hall to Huddersfield Corporation to use as a museum in memory of her brothers 2nd Lieutenant Robert Huntriss Tolson, killed on 1 July 1916 at the Battle of the Somme, and 2nd Lieutenant James Martin Tolson who died in the closing stages of World War I on 2 October 1918.

In the United Kingdom, cruelty to animals is a criminal offence for which one may be jailed for up to 6 months.Animal Welfare Act 2006. Chapter 45 . (PDF). opsi.gov.uk. Retrieved on 14 December 2011. On 18 August 1911, the House of Commons introduced the Protection of Animals Act 1911 (c.27) following lobbying by the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA). The maximum punishment was 6 months of "hard labour" with a fine of 25 pounds.The Times, Monday, 1 January 1912; p. 3; Issue 39783; col F "The Animals' New Magna Charter" In the Metropolitan Police Act 1839 "fighting or baiting Lions, Bears, Badgers, Cocks, Dogs, or other Animals" was prohibited in London, with a penalty of up to one month imprisonment, with possible hard labour, or up to five pounds.

The Police Offences Act 1908 prescribed imprisonment with hard labour for anyone who "willfully and obscenely exposes his person in any public place or within the view thereof". Male offenders could, at the court's discretion, also be sentenced to be whipped. This was replaced in 1981 by the Summary Offences Act, in which the hard labour and whipping were abolished, and the specification of the offence in question was changed to "in or within view of any public place, intentionally and obscenely exposes any part of his or her genitals". The new wording implies that it is possible to expose one's genitals in a public place without it being "obscene" (since otherwise the word "obscenely" would not have needed to be specified); it also excludes exposure of the buttocks or female breast from the offence.

London detective Henry Webb arrested Garrett the next day as he was walking down the Oxford Street. His room was searched and two revolvers and a dagger were found. Garrett was returned to Melbourne for trial and sentenced in November 1855 to 10 years hard labour. He was confined on the prison hulks President and Success, that were moored in Hobsons Bay.

If they refused to render oozhiyam (service), their men and women were beaten up, kept behind bars in starvation, and the modesty of the womenfolk was outraged. They served the king, his army, and his people, and they built palaces for him. They enriched the country with their hard labour, but their iniquities remained unabated. They were degraded and despised.

The former Japanese airfield is still in use as the Wewak International Airport. In August 1945 two war crimes trials were held near Wewak for mutilation and cannibalism. First Lieutenant Takehiro Tazaki was convicted and sentenced to death (later commuted to 5 years imprisonment with hard labour) and another accused was acquitted.Philip Piccigallo: The Japanese on Trial; Austin 1979; (Kap.

112 Days' Hard Labour by Peet's father Hubert John Peet was born on 27 November 1915, the third child of Hubert William Peet (1886 - 1951) and his wife, Edith Mary, born Scott. He had two older sisters and a younger brother, Stephen. John's parents were Quakers, unlike his four grandparents who were Congregationalist. His mother's parents had served as missionaries.

Until August 2006, he was an MP for the district of Balaka North, but lost his seat because he was convicted of having fake academic qualifications. He was sentenced to 21 months of hard labour in Zomba prison, but released in November 2006, three months and two appeals after his arrest. This experience inspired one of his albums, Cell 51 Maximum.

The camp consisted of several large and small wooden barracks surrounded by a wooden fence. Josef Janovský was named commandant. Czech gendarmes (četníci) guarded the places (service in such camps was considered a disciplinary punishment). Similar forced labor camps existed in Planá, Mirošov, Hradištko and other places; (mostly Czech) prisoners were typically used for hard labour such as road construction.

He was arrested five days later, was court-martialled on 23 November, and found guilty of desertion from the line between 1and 6November. During his trial, Leak said he was unable to stand artillery fire. His sentence was life imprisonment, but this was commuted to two years hard labour. Ultimately, the sentence was suspended, and Leak returned to his unit on 23 December.

Molly soon joined him, and the couple worked closely with Lazar Bach to run the party. They were targeted by the South African government; in 1932, Douglas was sentenced to hard labour, while early in 1933 he was convicted of encouraging transport workers in Cape Town to strike and was imprisoned.Barbara Bush, Imperialism, Race and Resistance: Africa and Britain, 1919-1945, p.

The military commander of the fortress was Ahmad Shah Massoud. In 1983 and 1984, Soviet and Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (DRA) prisoners were brought to the fortress from holding cells (zindans). The prisoners were forced to perform hard labour, for example, quarrying and loading ordnance. In 1985, 12 Soviet (shuravi) and 40 Afghan prisoners were held at the Badaber fortress.

A Breton saddle-horse cob, morphologically close to a Morvan horse. According to Bernadette Lizet, most descriptions of Morvan horses were written after they had become extinct and were likely exaggerated. Morvan horses likely had a roan or iron grey coat. They were known for their rustic character, courage and energy, making them well-suited to hard labour and long journeys.

XI, pp.266-274 Stephenson rose to promince during a lock-out of miners in 1921, and was also a leading figure in a fifteen-week strike in 1923. During the UK general strike, he called for the nationalisation of the mines. In August 1926, he was convicted of intimidating strikebreakers and was sentences to one month of hard labour.

After the war, Kahrs was arrested and charged with treason. He was convicted and sentenced to 10 years of hard labour, and 19 years in prison. He escaped on 3 July 1947, along with three other inmates, from Espeland concentration camp. They soon joined up with three other former SS members and sailed on the boat Solbris to Buenos Aires, Argentina.

In January 1983, he and his friend Sergei Timokhin sent a petition to be able to give legal religious concerts. In response, the Soviet press launched a campaign of character assassination. In March 1984, the two were detained in Murmansk and accused of trying to cross the border to Scandinavia. Barinov was sentenced to two and a half years’ hard labour.

After Germany's surrender, Kaduk worked in a sugar factory in Löbau. In December 1946 he was recognized by a former prisoner and consequently arrested by a Soviet military patrol. In 1947, a Soviet military tribunal sentenced him to 25 years hard labour, but he was released in April 1956. Kaduk then went to West Berlin, working at a hospital as a nurse.

Tokhü Emong and Pikhuchak are the main festivals celebrated amidst much pomp and splendor. Tokhü Emong is celebrated on 7 November. The Tokhü Emong is the harvest festival of the Lothas. With the harvest done and the granaries full, the people now take a respite from the toils and sweat and settle down to enjoy the fruits of one's hard labour.

That June, two constables were called to Lloyd and Dillon's house in Golders Green after Dillon committed a drunken assault on his wife. Police entered the house and found Lloyd and her maid cowering beneath a table. Dillon confronted the constables and assaulted one of them, which resulted in him being taken to court, fined and sentenced to a month's hard labour.

Webb was subsequently offered a non-combat role, but again refused. He was then sentenced to two years hard labour, and was barred from political office for ten years. In 1918, his vacant seat in Parliament was won in a by-election by Harry Holland, also a member of the Labour Party. After completing his sentence (spent planting trees), Webb returned to mining.

The age of consent in Syria is 15, per Article 491. Article 491: 1\. Every person who has sexual intercourse with a minor under 15 years of age shall be liable to a term of nine years' imprisonment at hard labour. 2\. The said term shall be not less than 15 years if the child is under 12 years of age.

For resisting a tenant's eviction in 1888 he was imprisoned to three months hard labour. During the Parnell Commission he was cited as one of eight who had “established and joined the Land League organisation with the intent by its means to bring about the absolute independence of Ireland as a separate nation”.Horgan, John J.: Parnell to Pearse p.

Henri Joseph Fenet (11 July 1919 – 14 September 2002) was a French collaborator during World War II who was awarded Nazi Germany's highest award while serving in the Waffen-SS. After the war, in 1949 Fenet was convicted of being a collaborator and sentenced to 20 years imprisonment with hard labour. He was released in 1959 and died on 14 September 2002.

The Act made all homosexual acts between men, as well as procurement or attempted procurement of such acts, punishable by up to two years' imprisonment with or without hard labour. He found the house locked and Hammond gone, but Abberline was able to apprehend Newlove at his mother's house in Camden Town.Aronson, pp. 11, 16–17 and Hyde, The Cleveland Street Scandal, pp.

The judge wondered whether, as perhaps evinced by Glading's prosperous existence, he might have profited financially from his work with Moscow and that he was motivated by money rather than ideology. Whatever his motive, the outcome was never in doubt. On 14 March 1938, Glading received a sentence of six years' imprisonment (hard labour). Williams was sentenced to four years, Whomack to three.

She was condemned to ten years' hard labour, and sent to a prison at Siegburg in Germany. The Kaiser, Wilhelm II, offered to free her, but she declined because she did not want to be given preferential treatment. In 1917 the princess was admitted to hospital in Bonn, her health seriously affected by prison conditions. She was finally released on 13 November 1918.

The sentence and execution were conducted without the ordained military tribunal. Balck was found guilty and sentenced to three years. He served half of this sentence before being granted early release. Hermann Balck was sentenced by a French military court in Colmar to 20 years of hard labour for his role in the scorched earth Operation Waldfest but never extradited.

8 The four were sentenced to 84 days imprisonment with hard labour, served at both the Terrace Gaol and Mount Cook Prison."Soldiers punished", Evening Post, Volume XCIII, Issue 82, 5 April 1917, p. 8 At the end of their sentence they were to be sent back to Trentham Camp."Recalcitrant Reservists", Auckland Star, Volume XLVIII, Issue 83, 7 April 1917, p.

In late 1898, there was a riot described as a "gaol mutiny" by The Sunday Times. A prisoner, Charles Street, refused to undertake work breaking stones, as he had not been sentenced to hard labour. He protested, and used foul language, for which he was arrested and charged. While he was incarcerated, 75 prisoners mutinied, refusing to follow any instructions until Street's release.

Barnes died in hospital not long after their arrival in Liverpool on 19 January 1856. Connolly was convicted of manslaughter and sentenced to a month's imprisonment with hard labour. The judge considered this a lenient service for Connolly as the deceased was "a very violent man". Two passengers on board ship for this journey were convicted of theft from a fellow passenger.

In 1932, Balducci's faction started a rival newspaper, La Voce del Titano. The next year he was accused of plotting a coup and arrested by Italian authorities after fleeing to Rome. Balducci and other alleged conspirators were purged from the party and tried and sentenced to hard labour in 1934 by a special court but the punishment was never carried out.

As a result of the Conscription Crisis of 1944, Canadians who had refused conscription were interned in the camp. The prisoners were required to perform hard labour, which included farming and lumbering the land. During the 1970s and early 1980s, the decaying old downtown core of Hull was redeveloped. Old buildings were demolished and replaced by a series of large office complexes.

Seventeen boys escaped on a stolen boat. There were recaptured after a few days and sent for trial. Two were sentenced to hard labour, but the rest were sent back to the ship and punished with the birch, solitary confinement and a diet of biscuit and water. The inspectors blamed the incident on the staff not being firm enough with the boys.

Two of his friends, Hans Haberl and Daniel von Recklinghausen, were at first also condemned, but on 2 August 1943, their sentences were commuted to eight years at hard labour in a Zuchthaus. In January 1998, a formerly unnamed lane in Maxvorstadt, a neighbourhood in the center of Munich, was named for Klingenbeck. A Realschule in Taufkirchen is also named after him.

Guard was born in London in 1791 or 1792. On 17 March 1813 at age 21, the stonecutter was convicted of stealing a quilt"Jack Guard and his Family" , Te Papa and sentenced to transportation and five years hard labour. At the end of his sentence, he worked as a sealer, and after five or six years had his own boat and crew.

The Nazi administration built a hard labour prison camp at Osterstein Castle. Both camps were liberated by the US Army in 1945. On 1 August 1945 military administration was handed over to the Soviet Army. The Auto Union factories of Horch and Audi were dismantled by the Soviets; Auto Union relocated to Ingolstadt, Bavaria, evolving into the present day Audi company.

Journalists who do not follow the strict laws face punishment in the form of hard labour or imprisonment, even for the smallest typing errors.Annual Press Freedom Index . Reporters Without Borders. Only news that favours the regime is permitted, whilst news that covers the economic and political problems in the country, or criticisms of the regime from abroad is not allowed.

Many of the workers received no more than bread and meat for their hard labour. At this time more than 1,200 people were out of employment. The work was sponsored by the Earl of Lovelace and his daughter, the Lady Anne Noel, and carried out in 1862–63. They also forwarded £800 to the unemployed cotton workers to work worsted instead of cotton.

The three other men were sentenced to 20 years' hard labour. After a seven months’ investigation, the Federal Government freed the three men imprisoned for the killings. On appeal to the High Court of Australia, in a case known as Tuckiar v The King, Dhakiyarr's sentence was quashed in November 1934, and he was released from jail, but disappeared on his way home.

Hard labour was required to clear land of the thick bush and then to cultivate, fence and provide housing. Many struggled with low yields of grain, lack of pig, sheep and cattle stock and isolation. Land ownership often turned over many times with larger land owners moving in during the early 1800s including Holt, Barrington, Randal, Kent, Samuel Marsden and John Macarthur.

By 31 May 1944, 285 conscripts had refused to serve as miners, of whom 135 had been prosecuted and 32 had been given a prison sentence. By the end of November 1944, out of a total of 16,000 conscripts, 143 had refused to serve in the mines and had been sent to prison, some with the imposition of hard labour.

He was sentenced to five years imprisonment as a close prisoner. On 1 April, a court-martial was held on board Duncan at The Nore of a marine serving in Endymion who was accused of assaulting a corporal in the execution of his duties. He pleaded guilty and was sentenced to two years' hard labour and dismissal from the service.

Female convicts chained together by their necks for work on a road. thumb Penal labour is a generic term for various kinds of unfree labour which prisoners are required to perform, typically manual labour. The work may be light or hard, depending on the context. Forms of sentence involving penal labour have included involuntary servitude, penal servitude, and imprisonment with hard labour.

6 March 2007. After the Auditor General's report was released in 2009, Collins refused to express confidence in Matthews and media commentators expected him to resign. However, Matthews refused to do so and served out his term; on his retirement he admitted he had dealt with so many crises, the Department was like a "landmine"."Prisons boss ends six years' hard labour".

This ranged from 50 lashes for drunkenness, a month of solitary confinement, and 12 months hard labour in leg-irons for absconding. Some of his troopers he regarded as useless and sent them back to convict jails. He replaced these with free men and local Aboriginal people such as Bon Jon. Fyans established his initial Border Police barracks in South Geelong in 1841.

"Capital And Labour As Partners", The Times, 4 November 1946, p. 2. Turner appealed to the centre, believing that the ex-service men would switch to the Conservatives. He used the slogan "Turner for Freedom – or More Hard Labour", and put out a poster with the punning headline "Turner gain, Paddington"."North Paddington By-Election", The Times, 12 November 1946, p. 2.

Gordon Torr (born 17 October 1953) is a former Global Creative Director of JWT, and author of Managing Creative People: Lessons for Leadership in the Ideas Economy (2008), published by John Wiley & Sons. His second novel, Kill Yourself and Count to 10, about his time at Greefswald, the hard labour camp created by convicted sex offender Aubrey Levin, was published in May 2014.

They stayed a couple of nights. The visitors gave Neale a new plan: to rebuild the pier which had been built on Anchorage during the Second World War, but which had been wrecked during a hurricane in 1942. It took six months of intermittent hard labour. A day after he completed the project, a major storm hit the islet destroying the pier.

He finished with 14 minutes left on the clock. The crowd did not offer much money. On 23 July 1822, he ended his pedestrian career by attempting to walk 90 miles in 24 hours at Alnwick racecourse. On 11 August 1822, he was convicted of being a rogue and vagabond for abandoning his wife and sentenced to 3 months' hard labour.

On 29 August 2016, Moe Aung Yin was arrested on charges of drug possession. On 26 November 2018, Moe Aung Yin was sentenced to five years in prison with hard labour by a Pazundaung Township Court for violating sections 15/16(c) of the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law. On 12 December 2018, Moe Aung Yin was sentenced to 12 years in prison with hard labour by a Yangon Eastern District Court after he was found guilty of drug possession and drug abuse. On 7 May 2019, Moe Aung Yin was released from prison upon receiving a pardon from President Win Myint. Moe Aung Yin is facing a fine and up to a year in prison after his ex-partner filed a lawsuit in Yangon’s Yankin township court under Article 417 of the penal code, which punishes "cheating".

The main principles were separation and hard labour for serious crimes, using treadwheels and cranks. However, by the 1860s public opinion was calling for harsher measures in reaction to an increase in crime which was perceived to come from the 'flood of criminals' released under the penal servitude system. The reaction from the committee set up under the commissioner of prisons, Colonel Edmund Frederick du Cane, was to increase minimum sentences for many offences with deterrent principles of 'hard labour, hard fare, and a hard bed'. In 1877 he encouraged Disraeli's government to remove all prisons from local government and held a firm grip on the prison system till his forced retirement in 1895. He also established a tradition of secrecy which lasted till the 1970s so that even magistrates and investigators were unable to see the insides of prisons.

Wilde's cell in Reading Gaol as it appears today Wilde entered prison on 25 March 1895, sentenced to two years' hard labour—a punishment that was considered more severe than mere penal servitude. He was first sent, briefly, to Newgate Prison for initial processing, and the next week was moved to Pentonville prison, where "hard labour" consisted of many hours of pointless effort in walking a treadmill or picking oakum (separating the fibres in scraps of old navy ropes), and allowed to read only the Bible and The Pilgrim's Progress. Prisoners were not allowed to speak to each other, and, out of their solitary cells, were required to wear a cap with a sort of thick veil so they would not be recognised by other prisoners. A few months later he was moved to Wandsworth Prison, which had a similar regimen.

He was caught in October 1916 and court-martialled in France in February 1917. A shortage of men meant that his sentence of 9 months' hard labour lasted just one week before he rejoined the Football Battalion. He was killed in action whilst assaulting a fortified German position at Oppy Wood during the Battle of Arras on 28 April 1917 and is commemorated on the Arras Memorial.

Sureshbabu was an exceptionally expert in Khyāl, Thumri, Marāthi Nātya Sangeet and Bhajan. his singing was intelligent, tuneful, aesthetically rich, tender and balanced. His disciple and legendary Hindustani classical singer Dr. Prabha Atre written in her book Along Path of Music that, his music came through intuition, imagination and will power; not through hard labour. his sweet tone was the life of his singing.

High Royal Decree nr. 1746 commuted his sentence to hard labour for life, along with those of Lecca (former commissioner general for the Jewish question) and General Pantazi. This decree was initiated by Lucrețiu Pătrășcanu, Justice Minister in the Communist- dominated Petru Groza government. Cristescu died four years later in Văcărești Prison; the official autopsy record indicated his death was due to coronary artery disease.

The territory of the German district called the General Government was the second main area of expulsions after the Reichsgau Wartheland. The entity itself was seen only as a temporary measure by the Germans, and served as a large concentration area for Poles to perform hard labour to further Germany's industry and war effort. Eventually it was to be cleared of Poles as well.

The Governor jailed them for twelve months with hard labour. Soon after, PUP leader John Smith resigned because the party would not agree to fly the British flag at public meetings. The removal of three of four chief leaders was a blow to the party, but the events left Price in a powerful position. In 1952 he comfortably topped the polls in Belize City Council elections.

This was a relatively tolerable punishment. In both forms of field punishment, the soldier was also subjected to hard labour and loss of pay. Field Punishment Number One was eventually abolished in 1923, when an amendment to the Army Act which specifically forbade attachment to a fixed object was passed by the House of Lords. However, physical restraint remained a theoretical (though rarely imposed) possibility.

Several sandstone structures, built by convicts working under hard labour conditions, were cleaned of ivy overgrowth and restored to a condition similar to their appearance in the 19th century. Buildings include the "Model Prison", the Guard Tower, the Church, and the remnants of the main penitentiary. The buildings are surrounded by lush, green parkland. The mass graves on the Isle of the Dead also attract visitors.

Kyle married Letitia Hargreaves in 1905 and raised his family in Bridgeton, Glasgow. His grandson from daughter Mary "Catherine" Miller née Kyle is singer-songwriter Frankie Miller. In 1924, he and John Browning, a former Celtic player, were found guilty of attempting to bribe Bo'ness player Peter Brown in a public house in Glasgow's Dundas Street: both men were sentenced to 60 days' hard labour.

At the same period, he also wrote anti-Masonic pamphlets with his colleague Jacques Ploncard d'Assac. In 1944, he tried to escape in Austria, but he was captured and sentenced to hard labour for life. He was pardoned in 1952 for illness and served only five years. He began writing again, mainly against free-masonry while he kept on denouncing the influence of Jews in French life.

Nineteen were convicted, four sentenced to death. Judge Brochon, from the Bourdeaux Court of Appeals, presided over the Dordogne Criminal Court in this instance. Altogether, four individuals were judged to have primary culpability and sentenced to death, while another received a sentence of life imprisonment. Others received sentences ranging from six to eight years imprisonment with hard labour for their role in the atrocity.

Jamaica's laws do not criminalise the status of being LGBT but instead outlaw conduct. The Offences Against the Person Act (OAPA) provides as follows: > Section 76. Unnatural Offences. Whosoever shall be convicted of the > abominable crime of buggery, committed either with mankind or with any > animal, shall be liable to be imprisoned and kept to hard labour for a term > not exceeding ten years.

A gangster and a corrupt police officer travel to the tiny remote island of Mapado to hunt down a young woman who has run off with a winning lottery ticket. Upon arriving, they discover that no one lives there except for five old women who have not once seen a man for 20 years. Both men soon experience a nightmare of hard labour and harassment.

While sentencing to transportation continued, the act instituted a punishment policy of hard labour instead. The suspension of transport also prompted the use of prisons for punishment and the initial start of a prison building program.Drew D. Gray, Crime, Policing and Punishment in England, 1660–1914 p.298 (2016) Britain would resume transportation to specifically planned penal colonies in Australia between 1788 and 1868.

He worked to develop an alliance with the African National Congress (ANC) in 1947, known as the Dadoo-Naicker- Xuma Pact, or the Three Doctors' Pact. Naicker was imprisoned numerous times for anti-apartheid activism. In 1948 he and Yusuf Dadoo were sentenced to six months hard labour under the Immigrant Regulation Act. He was jailed for a month after participating the Defiance campaign of 1952.

Of the sixty men originally arrested, fifteen were sentenced to execution by firing squad, others to hard labour and exile. Reviewing the decision the highest military court, the General-Auditariat, ruled that a judicial error had been made and that all the remaining prisoners should be executed. However, when submitting the sentence to the Tsar they included a plea for mercy and a list of lesser sentences.

His address at this point was given as 155 Whitehall Road, Walsall. In April 1906 Aston was again convicted of non payment of maintenance and sentenced to a month of hard labour. He went on record saying that he had not earned wages as he had not played football since Christmas. In April 1907 Aston once again found himself in court for non payment of maintenance arrears.

Francis tells William that 10 years hard labour is enough for anyone, then they should be given freedom and land for their families. William agrees and suggests they give them tools to help them start as farmers. William explains to Anthony that he will put forward a bill in the assembly to allow ‘servants’ to get married. However, the bill fails to get sufficient votes.

Both served ten months hard labour. Three years later Paddock challenged both Harry Broome and Bill Perry to a Heavyweight Championship of England bout but both turned it down. Paddock then claimed himself as the Heavyweight Champion of England by default, though this was not generally recognised until 1856 following fifty-one rounds in the ring against Harry Broome in Manningtree.Boxing championship fight at famous-fights.

After spending three months in Petropavlovskaya fortress, he returned to Siberia. After leaving prison, he travelled to Siberia with Nikolai M. Yadrintsev, where he began to work as a publisher. Due to his support for regionality and rights for Siberian peoples, he was arrested on charges of supporting separatism for Siberia in 1867. Convicted, he was sentenced to three years in prison and fifteen of hard labour.

For the next year, he taught in the German Department of Charles University, and worked as a literary translator for the Mladá fronta and Státní nakladatelství krásné literature publishing houses. One month after his marriage to the art historian Olga Wittová in 1952, Preisner was arrested and sentenced to hard labour in a Stalinist labor camp. He had no idea as to the length of his sentence.

A census was conducted during his reign. Every adult males was granted tín bài (信牌), a wooden card on which has his name, birthplace and fingerprints. If anyone did not have the wooden card, he would be arrested and imprisoned with hard labour. Quang Trung also replaced the traditional Chinese script with the Vietnamese Chữ Nôm as the official written language of the country.

The building for the treadwheel and other new buildings were designed by George Allen Underwood. Men who had been sentenced to hard labour would serve their punishment on this. 40 men would tread the wheel for many hours at a time, a punishment which was recorded as causing hernias in some convicts. The wheel was used to power a grain mill situated outside the prison wall.

Women were also held. The conditions at the jail were such that the place got the notorious name, "Viper Chain Gang Jail." Those who had challenged the might of the British authority were chained together and confined at night by a chain running through coupling of irons around their legs. It was at this jail that members of the Chain Gang were put to hard labour.

He was charged with collaborating with being an agent of a foreign power i.e. the Vatican; as a result he was sentenced to hard labour. Initially, one of his prison compatriots was the noted Cardinal Josyf Slipyj when both were imprisoned in Mariinsk, southern Siberia. Between his arrest in 1945 and his release eleven years later, Bishop Mykolay was moved around to about thirty a prisons.

He was put on a prison transport to the Solovetsky labor camp on 2 May 1931. Initially sharing with other inmates hard labour such as loading logs he was subsequently translated to the camp of Kem where he worked as an ichthyologist in the Fishery Department of the camp. Here he started making preparations for his escape. He learned that his wife had been released from prison.

Public feeling was running high and the trial of John and David was postponed as it was feared the jury might be unduly prejudiced. In March 1867 the jury found both guilty, recommending mercy for David on account of his age. The Chief Justice sentenced both to death. This was later commuted to life imprisonment with hard labour, to be served at Dry Creek.

Impacts from sediment accumulation continued after renovation and also drew increasing criticism. The sediment has caused severe flooding on the Wei River upstream. Chinese engineer Zhang Guangdou described the project as a "mistake" in 2004 and remarked how hydrologist Huang Wanli had been sent to hard labour for opposing the project. Other engineers oppose the dam's existence but their silence is attributed to government reprisals.

Ho Chi Minh, Pierre Brocheux, Claire Duiker, accessed 21 November 2008 He was suspected of being involved in the instigation of the 1947 Malagasy Uprising, despite the fact that he had urged the rioters to be calm. He was arrested, and sentenced to life imprisonment with hard labour. During his captivity he wrote the poems Antsa, Lamba and Antidote. Rabemanajara was eventually pardoned in 1956.

She was honorary organising secretary for the Scottish Suffrage Exhibition in 1910, and was honorary secretary of the Glasgow branch of the WSPU in 1911-1912. She and her sister were amongst dozens jailed for smashing government office windows in March, 1912. She served two months hard labour in Holloway. The sisters used the name "Campbell" to hide their background when they were arrested.

The charges, which implied presidential input, covered "High treason, lack of trust in the head of state, financial and administrative irregularities, falsification of statistics and political manoeuverings preparatory to a seizure of power" ("haute trahison, manque de confiance envers le chef de l'État, irrégularités financières et administratives, falsification de statistiques et manœuvres politiques en vue d'accaparer le pouvoir"). He was condemned to ten years of hard labour.

The land was later given to the Szirmay family in the 18th century. A chapel built by Tomáš Szirmay (1760) is located 1 km from the village. By the end of the 19th century, the village had 503 inhabitants, the highest number recorded in the village's history. At that time, the inhabitants made their living mainly by hard labour, such as farming and construction.

On 16 October 1941, Sobennikov was arrested and sentenced in February 1942 to five years of hard labour in the camps. On this occasion, he was stripped of the Order of the Red Star and the Red Army 20th Anniversary Commemorative Medal. He was eventually pardoned, but demoted. From November 1942 until the end of the war, he was deputy commander of the 3rd Army.

One of the NSW policemen used Gardiner's own horse 'Darkie' during the capture. He was taken back to Sydney, and sentenced to 32 years hard labour. Gardiner only served 10 years of his sentence when he was released by Sir Hercules Robinson, then Governor of New South Wales, after successful appeals by his two sisters. He was granted an early release, conditional on his leaving the country.

After the suppression of the Commune, he went into hiding but was captured, and in 1872, he was sentenced to hard labour in perpetuity and banished to the penal colony of New Caledonia. In 1876 he made an unsuccessful attempt to escape. In 1878, he was ordered to participate in suppressing a revolt of the native population but refused. This led to further penalties.

In 1727, Engelbert Kämpfer described "coolies" as dock labourers who would unload Dutch merchant ships at Nagasaki in Japan. The Chinese phono-semantic matching literally translates as "bitter strength" but is more commonly understood as "hard labour". The Pangasinan Filipino phrase "makuli," also owes its meaning to qulī, evidence of the Indian influence in insular South East Asia before the arrival of the Spanish.

Amongst the languages in the Nambikwara family, the Sabanê people have the smallest population size. During World War II, many Nambikwara territories suffered from invasions brought about by the search for rubber to supply the war. The installation of tappers resulted in the Nambikwara people being forced into hard labour. Many of the Sabanê people were amongst those forced to provide food crops for the tappers.

He was convicted in absentia, and sentenced to twelve years hard labour and a fine of 4,000 francs.Lea-Scarlett, E. J., "Bochsa, Robert Nicholas Charles (1789–1856)" entry in Australian Dictionary of Biography (1969). Safe from French law in London, he helped found the Royal Academy of Music in 1821, and became its secretary. He taught there, amongst others, the British harp virtuoso Elias Parish Alvars.

Many are the details which increase the emotional drama: Adam's damp and sticky hair (on Earth, he'll struggle with hard labour and dirt), the angel's posture, foreshortened as if diving down from above. Eve's position is from an ancient representation, that of Venus Pudica (modest Venus). The foliage covering the couple's nudities was removed during a restoration in 1990.Cf. John Spike, Masaccio, cit.

North Korean prison camps can be differentiated into internment camps for political prisoners (Kwan-li-so in Korean) and reeducation camps (Kyo-hwa-so in Korean). According to human rights organisations, the prisoners face forced hard labour in all North Korean prison camps. Chapter 4 Current Status of Compulsory Labor The conditions are harsh and life-threatening and prisoners are subject to torture and inhumane treatment.

Karan claims innocence to her and sends her a defence attorney to fight her case. The attorney advises her to confess the crime, arguing that there is no proof exonerating her. After being convinced that the judge will give her a light sentence and might even set her free for co-operation, Sarika complies. But, the judge sentences her to seven years hard labour without parole.

In her final years, Wang was described as "frail and sickly", a result of years of hard labour. Wang died on 10 October 1993, at her residence in Beijing, aged 96. The cause of death was sickness coupled with old age. A memorial in honour of Wang's contribution to the cause of women in China was established at Wuzhen, a World Heritage town, in northern Zhejiang Province.

The charge was criminal libel, which arose from a single paragraph published in Justice on 21 April 1894. The trial lasted little more than a day. On 13 June, after only a thirty-minute deliberation, the jury returned guilty verdicts for all defendants. Judge Long-Innes, saying that it was "not desirable to stir up class hatreds in the community," handed down terms of hard labour.

Over two-thirds of the prisoners were female. More than half of offenders were released within a week, and two-thirds within two weeks. In addition to imprisonment in a house of correction, over half of the convicted were whipped, particularly those found guilty of theft, vagrancy, and lewd conduct and nightwalking (prostitution). Virtually all the prisoners were required to do hard labour, typically beating hemp.

The publication of an English translation of The Story of a Strange Time led to his arrest in 1982 on charges of 'anti-Soviet propaganda'. He was sentenced to 10 years of hard labour in Perm-36 Maximum Security Camp (ITK-6), as well as five years' internal exile. Released after four years, in the perestroika era, Borodin was allowed to visit the West with his wife.

"Cold Feet's Helen gives scriptwriters hard labour". Evening Standard (Associated Newspapers): p. 25. Though heavily pregnant, Rachel's doctor advises her that it is safe to fly to Australia for Pete and Jo's (John Thomson and Kimberley Joseph) wedding in Series 4, Episode 8. On the day of the wedding ceremony, Rachel collapses outside the hotel, having gone into labour two months prematurely, and is rushed to hospital.

After being appointed as the President of Maharashtra Pradesh Youth Congress, Deshmukh revived and strengthened Congress in Amravati by introducing several new and youthful faces. As a fruit of his hard labour, the party put its faith in him for contesting the Assembly polls against BJP's sitting Guardian Minister, Jagdish Gupta. Deshmukh won the polls by almost 10,000 votes and wrested back the constituency for Congress.

In an effort to resolve concerns of settlers and land speculators following the western boundary established by the Royal Proclamation of 1763 by King George III, it was desired to move the boundary farther west to encompass more settlers who were outside of the boundary. The two treaties that resulted to address this issue were the Treaty of Hard Labour and the Treaty of Fort Stanwix. On October 17, 1768, British representative John Stuart signed the Treaty of Hard Labour with the Cherokee tribe, relinquishing all Cherokee claims to the property west of the Allegheny Mountains and east of the Ohio River, comprising all of present-day West Virginia except the extreme southwestern part of the state. The resulting boundary line ran from the confluence of the Ohio and Kanawha Rivers, to the headwaters of the Kanawha River, then south to Spanish East Florida.

As Maggs reached to collect his hat the woman took the opportunity to flee; Ebenezer was duly arrested and sentenced to a fine of 40s (about £ in terms) or one month's imprisonment. (Ebenezer Rushbrook claimed that he had not intervened until he saw PC Maggs kicking the woman while she was on the floor.) Shortly afterwards, in August 1901, Ebenezer was convicted of "knowingly living on the earnings of his wife's immorality", and sentenced to three months' hard labour. In December of that year Selina was convicted of the theft of a purse from a sailor, and sentenced to two months' hard labour owing to her lengthy criminal record; her accomplice, fellow prostitute Rose Willis, received the lighter sentence of one month's imprisonment.The Cambrian, 6 December 1901, quoted alt=two-storey stone building behind a high fence Soon after her release, the Rushbrooks moved to Bridgend.

Yet gay people were still persecuted and sacked from their jobs for being 'homosexuals'. In 1933, the Soviet government under the leadership of Joseph Stalin recriminalised homosexual activity with punishments of up to five years' hard labour. A 1934 article in the new Criminal Code outlawed 'homosexuality'. Following Stalin's death, there was a liberalisation of attitudes toward sexual issues in the Soviet Union, but homosexual acts remained illegal.

Starting in about 1992, the government again resorted to repressive measures to stem the Brotherhood's increasing influence. In 1993, professional associations were placed under direct state control. In 1995 and 1996, over a thousand Brothers were arrested. Several were convicted by military tribunals to several years of hard labour; the main charge was that the accused were members of an illegal organisation that planned to overthrow the government.

Gu was born in September 1928 in Nantong, Jiangsu, Republic of China. He began participating in the Communist revolution in May 1942, and joined the Communist Party of China in July 1947. After the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949, Gu began working in the Ministry of Public Security in October 1950. He was persecuted during the Cultural Revolution and sent to perform hard labour in the countryside.

In 1751, against his father's wishes Emin left for London. His first four years there were filled with misery and hard labour, and he was deprived of any financial assistance from his father. However, in 1755 Emin experienced a turning point in his life. He met and befriended Edmund Burke, the future British statesman and political writer, with whose support he gained access to the circles of British intellectuals and nobility.

Dostoevsky was the third in the second row; next to him stood Pleshcheyev and Durov. The execution was stayed when a cart delivered a letter from the Tsar commuting the sentence. Dostoevsky served four years of exile with hard labour at a katorga prison camp in Omsk, Siberia, followed by a term of compulsory military service. After a fourteen-day sleigh ride, the prisoners reached Tobolsk, a prisoner way station.

Antisemitic riots erupted in more than twenty French cities and there were several deaths in Algiers. Despite covert attempts by the army to quash the case, the initial conviction was annulled by the Supreme Court after a thorough investigation. A new court- martial was held at Rennes in 1899. Dreyfus was convicted again and sentenced to ten years of hard labour, though the sentence was commuted due to extenuating circumstances.

"Drug Traffic in London", Daily Express, 14 December 1918, p. 1. After the war, Carleton was found dead, apparently of an overdose, and Ada Song Ping You was sentenced to five months in jail with hard labour for preparing opium for smoking and supplying it to Carleton. Atkinson joined the Army in 1914 following the outbreak of the First World War, originally in the Motor Machine Gun Service.The Roll of Honour.

Gorton & Ramsland Carter's Barracks experience Like the adults, the boys were used in hard labour such as stone cutting and construction. One of the buildings constructed was one of Australia's first nondenominational churches, built in a gothic style. Attendance of the weekly Sunday service was compulsory for the prison population. Critics of the new system noted that this and other measures seemed to have negligible impact on reformation.

An obnoxious nightclub comedian at Ciro's is drafted into the U.S. Army during the Korean War. At his arrival at his basic training he meets a WAC Lieutenant and romantically pursues her. His activities irritate his drill sergeant and the entire army when he goes AWOL (Absent Without Official Leave) for her. He is imprisoned and sentenced to thirty days hard labour that turns him into a soldier.

Kusaeri surrendered on 25 April. This garnered support for Sudirman within the occupation forces, although several high-ranking Japanese officers expressed concern over Sudirman's support for Indonesian independence. Sudirman and his men were soon sent to a camp in Bogor, ostensibly for training; however, they were tasked with hard labour as a way to prevent a further uprising, and rumours circulated that the PETA officers would be killed.

Wang's academic career was severely hindered during the Cultural Revolution (1966-1976). He was publicly humiliated and was sentenced to hard labour from 1966 to 1971, experiencing enormous devastation and depression. Wang had earlier made an agreement with Commercial Press to write a dictionary of ancient Chinese. He began to work on it, but after completing fifty-odd pages, the manuscript was confiscated and destroyed when Red Guards raided his home.

He was released in 1926, after serving six years with hard labour of his 15-year sentence. A condition of his release was that he leave the country and, in 1928, he moved to England. Mackay was soon working in Berlin as a language teacher and part-time correspondent. In his latter function, he covered communist street riots raging after May Day 1929 and was mistakenly shot dead by a policeman.

Kumm was born in Pärnu. From 1919 until 1920, he participated in the Estonian War of Independence. In 1923, he joined the Communist Party of Estonia (EKP), and was elected to the Riigikogu, the Estonian parliament. After the EKP was banned in 1924, Kumm was arrested and sentenced to 15 years' hard labour. He was released in 1938. In 1938–1940 he organized the local EKP in Pärnu.

He remained uncaptured until the fifth Xhosa War when he was captured again and put to hard labour on Robben Island. On the 9th of August 1820, Stuurman escaped from Robben Island again. This time during a prison mutiny orchestrated by Johan Smit, Hans Trompetter and Abraham Leendert. Stuurman was captured when he reached the mainland and tried for his crimes, especially as a two-time escapee from Robben Island.

Both men were charged with indecent exposure and an attempt to commit buggery. Both were found guilty, fined £100 and sentenced to 18 months hard labour. .William A. Peniston, "Pederasts and others: urban culture and sexual identity in nineteenth-century Paris", Haworth gay & lesbian studies, Routledge, 2004, , pp. 77–78 He was arrested again in 1874 in Paris, after which he was sentenced to spend three months in prison.

The main subject was the history of revolution of Kim Il-sung and Kim Jong-il. In the afternoon they carried out hard labour with very high work quotas in terms of amount and intensity. Children were beaten with a stick for failure to meet the day's quota. Primary school children had to carry heavy logs 12 times a day over or dung buckets of 30 times a day.

And I am a gentleman!”Doherty, Brian (2010-12-17) The First War on Terror, Reason In 1898, Burtsev was arrested by British police for advocating, in his magazine Narodovolets (Народоволец, Narodnaya Volya Comrade), the assassination of Nicholas II. Burtsev was found guilty and sentenced to 18 months at hard labour. On his release he went on to publish it in Switzerland, resulting in his permanent ban from that country.

Born in Melle, Belgium, Guddorf completed studies in philology. In 1922, he joined the Communist Party of Germany (KPD) and from 1923 worked for several of the party's newspapers. After the Nazi party seized power in 1933, he began distributing articles against the régime under his alias. He was arrested in April 1934 and later sentenced to hard labour at the Sachsenhausen concentration camp, where he was held until 1939.

During 1866 and 1867, tensions between settlers and indigenous peoples increased, as they competed for scarce resources water and food resources. This emerged in various forms, such as the appropriation of livestock and staple foods like flour, and armed conflict. An increasing number of indigenous people were charged, with offences such as theft. They were usually sentenced to hard labour for the government or, in some cases, transportation to Rottnest.

Wilde was left bankrupt; his assets were seized and sold at auction to pay the claim. Queensberry then sent the evidence collected by his detectives to Scotland Yard, which resulted in Wilde being charged and convicted of gross indecency under the Criminal Law Amendment Act 1885 and sentenced to two years' hard labour. His health and reputation destroyed, Wilde went into exile in France. Queensberry died on 31 January 1900.

The beatings after the flag-raising ceremony was not isolated incident. Torture was used against the nuns throughout their detention. These included the use of many instruments of physical torture; including the use of hard labour the use of metal bars, and electric cattle prods and suspending her by her arms with her arms tied behind her back. However, Ngawang states that the psychological torture was far worse.

Seznec was found guilty on 4 November 1924. During his eight-day trial, nearly 120 witnesses were heard. The avocat général had demanded the death penalty but since premeditation could not be proved, he was instead condemned to hard labour in perpetuity. He was taken to the prison of St-Laurent-du-Maroni in French Guiana in 1927, and transferred to the Îles du Salut penal colony in 1928.

Kershaw (1999), p.112-116 Leviné was later condemned to death for treason, and shot by a firing squad in Stadelheim Prison. Gustav Landauer was killed by the Freikorps, and they killed Egilhofer as well. Numerous others were given prison sentences, such as Toller (5 years) and the anarchist writer Erich Mühsam (15 years); others received longer sentences, 6,000 years' worth in all, some of it to hard labour.

He played for Tonbridge, with whom he toured Belgium in 1900, and with Upton Park during four continental tours. He also played for Tunbridge Wells, Barnet, and West Norwood. Haslam was a reservist with the West Yorkshire Regiment between 1915 and 1920. In 1926, he was convicted for shopbreaking and sentenced to 12 months imprisonment with hard labour, and in 1937 was imprisoned for three months for theft.

She was arrested and sentenced to two months hard labour in Holloway. Barrowman smuggled poetry out of Holloway and these were published by the Glasgow branch of the WSPU as "Holloway Jingles" in 1912. She lost her job as a clerk as a result of her arrest, and did not take part in any more militant acts. She gained another job, in which she worked until she retired.

This was the same cause for which his father Malak Abdul Ghafar Khan was martyred. Khan was imprisoned and was forced to hard labour and exile, but didn't give up the idea for the freedom of the "Maiden valley" (his hometown, within Dir) and Dir in general. He spent his days in exile and arranged protests to get attention of the government. These efforts eventually succeeded, and Gen.

However, this region (which included the modern states of Kentucky, and West Virginia, as well as southwestern Virginia) was still populated by the other tribes, including the Cherokee, Shawnee, Lenape, and Mingo, who were not party to the sale. The Cherokee border had to be readjusted in 1770 at the Treaty of Lochaber, because European settlement in Southwest Virginia had already moved past the 1768 Hard Labour line.

Because he was Jewish, he was given a harsh sentence of two months' imprisonment with hard labour, and a fine of 40 shillings. William Morris attended the court hearing, and was successful in getting the sentence overturned. The late 1880s saw much unemployment, and Lyons worked with Philip Krantz to organise the Jewish Unemployed Committee. He lobbied Hermann Adler, Chief Rabbi, to support unemployed Jewish workers, but Adler was entirely unsympathetic.

Soviet prisoners were not provided any shelter, given less and worse food than other prisoners, and forced to do hard labour such as quarrying.Sign posted at the memorial, see talk page From early 1945, following the Battle of the Bulge, approximately 4,700 US infantrymen were held at Stalag IX-B. In January 1945, the commandant ordered all Jewish prisoners to step forward out of the daily line-up.

Of these the most significant, leading to armed confrontations, was the refusal of work by labourers Phu Rieng Do, a sprawling 5,500 hectares Michelin rubber plantation in 1930. In response to rural unrest and to growing labour militancy in Saigon, between 1930 and 1932 the French authorities detained more than 12,000 political prisoners, of whom 88 were guillotined, and almost 7000 sentenced to prison or to hard labour in penal colonies.

After several days travelling he was discovered and arrested at Mpika and tried back at Salisbury for desertion, receiving a sentence of six weeks with hard labour. Subsequent to the war, he was stationed at Miami (now Mwami) in West Mashonaland and later at Sipolilo (now Guruve) in Central Mashonaland. He retired from the BSAP in 1955. His autobiographical account of life in the BSAP, Rhodesian Patrol, was published in 1965.

Pinto entered China from the Yellow Sea and raided a tomb of the Emperor of China. Pinto was shipwrecked, apprehended by the Chinese and sentenced to one year hard labour on the Great Wall of China. Before completing his sentence, Pinto was taken prisoner by invading Tatars. He became an agent of the Tartars and travelled with them to Cochinchina, the southernmost part of modern-day Cambodia and Vietnam.

Easter Sunday of 1884 saw the first of what were to be a series of sporadic violent antisemitic attacks and protests. The wife of Lieb Siev and his child were injured by stones and her house damaged by an angry crowd for which the ringleaders were sentenced to hard labour for a month.Keogh (1998), p. 19 In 1892 two families were beaten and a stoning took place on 24 November 1896.

This had to be paid within four weeks or he would have to serve an extra 150 days of hard labour. In November 2005, Baker decided not to appeal to Japan's Supreme Court and was transferred to Fuchu Prison to begin serving his sentence. Having served one third of his sentence, Nick Baker was transferred back to England in the spring of 2008 to serve the remainder of his sentence.

She undertook comprehensive reforms: instituted compulsory full-time basic education for all children, established a teacher training college and special schools for the disabled, made secondary school free and provided science classes for both girls and boys. In 1958 relations between the British and the Maltese deteriorated. Protests erupted in the streets and Mintoff resigned. Barbara participated in the demonstrations and was sentenced to 43 days "with hard labour".

Kumarpal Solanki, a great Jain patron, probably built the earliest temples.It is said that sculptors' skills and capacity to carve with abrasive cords (not tools) the intricate designs was paid on the basis of the marble dust that they had collected every evening after their hard labour. They were destroyed by Turkish Muslims invaders in 1311 AD, when the saint Jinaprabhasuri, who was then 50 years old, presided over the temples.

On 25 May 1895 Wilde and Alfred Taylor were convicted of gross indecency and sentenced to two years' hard labour. The judge described the sentence, the maximum allowed, as "totally inadequate for a case such as this", and that the case was "the worst case I have ever tried". Wilde's response "And I? May I say nothing, my Lord?" was drowned out in cries of "Shame" in the courtroom.

On 9 May, the remaining 85 men were court martialled, and most were sentenced to 10 years' imprisonment with hard labour. Eleven comparatively young soldiers were given five years' imprisonment. The entire garrison was paraded and watched as the condemned men were stripped of their uniforms and placed in shackles. As they were marched off to jail, the condemned soldiers berated their comrades for failing to support them.

After continuous disagreements over land and the prolonged stay of Israelites in Bulhoek, the white South African government and Mgijima's followers clashed on 24 May 1921. This resulted in 163 Israelites declared dead, 129 wounded and 95 taken prisoner. The massacre is known as the Bulhoek massacre. Mgijima, his elder brother Charles, and Gilbert Matshoba were sentenced to five years hard labour at DeBeer's Convict Station in Kimberley.

The initial sentence of hanging and dissection was commuted to a year's hard labour. The huge publicity given to the case persuaded the true culprit to come forward: he was John Graham, an elderly shoemaker. He had been pretending to be a ghost by using a white sheet to frighten his apprentice, who had been scaring Graham's children with ghost stories. There is no record of Graham's ever being punished.

Many of her crew remained on the wreck and died. Her master, three officers, two gunners, one European passenger, and several other people had succeeded in getting to shore. There the inhabitants took them prisoner, stripped them naked, divided them into three groups, and put them to hard labour. The ship Good Hope, with a surgeon and a party of troops had been dispatched from Fort Marlborough to rescue the prisoners.

Kelly was arrested for his part in sending the calves' parts and the note and for assaulting McCormack. He was sentenced to three months' hard labour on each charge. Kelly was released from Beechworth Gaol on 27 March 1871, five weeks early, and returned to Greta. Three weeks later, horse-breaker Isaiah "Wild" Wright arrived in town on what Kelly later described as a "very remarkable" chestnut mare.

Skillion and Williamson both received sentences of six years and Ellen three years of hard labour. Barry stated that if Kelly were present he would "give him 15 years". Frank Harty, a successful and well-known farmer in the area, offered to pay Ellen Kelly's bail upon which bail was immediately refused. Ellen Kelly's sentence was considered unfair even by people who had no cause to be Kelly sympathizers.

Rupprecht’s career came to an end with the defeat of the Nazis in World War II. He was put on trial in 1945 and sentenced to ten years hard labour. On 23 October 1950, he was released from the prison in Eichstätt. Until his death, he lived and worked in Munich and Starnberg as a painter and decorator. He died on 4 April 1975 in Munich, aged 74.

Toulon figures prominently in Victor Hugo's Les Misérables. It is the location of the infamous prison, the bagne of Toulon, in which the protagonist Jean Valjean spends nineteen years in hard labour. Toulon is also the birthplace of the novel's antagonist, Javert. One portion of the wall of the old bagne, or prison, where Jean Valjean was supposedly held still stands to the right of the entrance of the Old Harbour.

Further compounding the problem, the use of currencies other than Syrian pounds in any transaction is forbidden under Syrian law, and on 18 January 2020, Syrian president Bashar al-Assad increased the penalty for unauthorised use of foreign currency anywhere in Syria to seven years of hard labour. Despite the law, Syrians continue to resort to hard currencies such as U.S. dollars or euros to maintain their purchasing power.

He pleaded guilty and was sentenced to two years' imprisonment at Winchester Gaol. The first seven days in each month to be kept in solitary confinement and the rest of the time to be kept at hard labour. At the termination of his imprisonment he was to be dismissed with disgrace. On 19 January, Endymion was undergoing trials in the Channel when she was caught in a storm.

The biggest story of his career was the Travis Affair. In the fall of 1885 Stipendiary Magistrate Jeremiah Travis was sent by the federal government to enforce prohibition in Calgary. Travis took on the popular municipal council, and sentenced Alderman Simon J. Clarke to hard six months hard labour. Cayley, both clerk of the district court as well as editor of the Calgary Herald, wrote an unfavourable editorial on the magistrate.

Declaration of 23 oktober 1950, Protokoll p. 250. See also: (1990), Het proces von Falkenhausen en Reeder (unpublished Masters thesis, Leuven University) Falkenhausen was sentenced to twelve years of hard labour, but released a few days afterwards. The widow Ruspoli died, thirty years after the Liberation, in her home town. She had not been recognized as a member of the Resistance, but was accepted as a political prisoner.

In 1947, the British government launched Operation De-Louse to arrest the leaders of the movement. The nine main chiefs or Alaha were also arrested and charged under the Sedition Act for organising secret meetings. This despite the fact that Maasina Ruru meetings were mass meetings of thousands of people at a time. They were mostly sentenced, including Fifi'i, Nonoohimae and Aliki, to six and a half years hard labour.

After Staines has recovered, all living characters end up being called into a trial in Hokitika. The trial reveals the truths behind the crimes. It is revealed that Carver killed Crosbie Wells by drugging him with laudanum, Emery Staines cheated Carver out of his money, and much more. After the trial is over, Staines is sentenced to nine months of hard labour, Carver to years in prison, and Anna is acquitted.

In England and Wales, and in Northern Ireland, the offence is created by section 47 of the Offences against the Person Act 1861: The words "at the discretion of the court" omitted in the first place, and the words "for the term of three years, or to be imprisoned for any term not exceeding two years, with or without hard labour" omitted in the second place, were repealed by the Statute Law Revision Act 1892. The words from "and" to the end, omitted in the third place, were repealed for England and Wales by section 170(2) of, and Schedule 16 to, the Criminal Justice Act 1988 (subject to section 123(6) of, and paragraph 16 of Schedule 8 to, that Act). The words "with or without hard labour" at the end were repealed for England and Wales by section 1(2) of the Criminal Justice Act 1948. The text of this section is slightly different in Northern Ireland.

In 1933, the Soviet government under Stalin recriminalised sex between men. On 7 March 1934, Article 121 was added to the criminal code for the entire Soviet Union that expressly prohibited only male homosexuality, with up to five years of hard labour in prison. There were no criminal statutes regarding sex between women. During the Soviet regime, Western observers believed that between 800 and 1,000 men were imprisoned each year under Article 121.

Out on bail, they demonstrated again, and were sentenced to two months' hard labour."Two Months for Suffragists" New York Times (February 19, 1913): 5. via ProQuest On an occasion she was spared arrest, when Emerson with two others approached and whipped Dr Forward who had force-fed her for five weeks, declaring him unfit to practice and that he 'should be force-fed himself'. The doctor stated that he was unhurt in the incident.

The allure of uninhabited land, especially the Bluegrass Region, contributed to the colonist's disregard for the Indian Reserve. Settlers already in-place believed they had established "cabin rights". Newcomers, by building a cabin and farming the land, felt qualified under the homestead principle. As a result, the 1763 boundary line continually crept westward as British agents negotiated new treaties, such as the Treaty of Fort Stanwix, Treaty of Hard Labour and Treaty of Lochaber.

He was protected at all times by a Close Protection Team from the Irish Army Ranger Wing. The trial was adjourned until April 2016, and on 8 September 2016 was further adjourned. In 2018 it was reported that Bazzi had been found guilty in a Lebanese military court of "collaboration with Israel" and sentenced to 5 years "hard labour". A hearing on the murder charges was due to occur in late June 2018.

The prosecution then withdrew the charges, which prevented the defendants from responding to the allegations. The criminal case focused on the legal question of whether the miners had given the required 21 days' notice to the ministry for arbitration and not on the rights and wrongs of the pay dispute. The defendants were found guilty. One official was sentenced to two months' imprisonment with hard labour and the other two received one-month sentences.

There were no other witnesses to the murder.Fred Braches,"Murder on the Pitt River," The News, Maple Ridge BC, 27 April 2010. The motive of the murder had probably more to do with liquor rather than, as some have suggested, gold. Both Bee and Seymour had before done hard labour for selling liquor to First Nations people.Daily Columbian, New Westminster, BC, 26 April 1882 and Daily Colonist, Victoria, BC, 10 June 1887.

Gots participated in the Russian Revolution of 1905 and for a time served in the Fighting Organisation of the PSR, which was responsible for acts of `political terror' and 'expropriations'. In 1906, Abram's brother Mikhail died. In 1907, Gots was arrested and sentenced to hard labour in Siberia. He was in Siberia when World War I broke out and initially joined the anti-war, 'Internationalist' faction of the PSR and participated in the Siberian Zimmerwaldists.

A suffragette colleague—Constance Lytton—threw hers first, before the police managed to intervene. Davison was charged with attempted assault, but released; Lytton was imprisoned for a month. Davison used her court appearances to give speeches; excerpts and quotes from these were published in the newspapers. Two weeks later she threw stones at Runciman at a political meeting in Radcliffe, Greater Manchester; she was arrested and sentenced to a week's hard labour.

Two of the former soldiers involved, Brian Corrigan of Australia and David Pemberton of New Zealand, were arrested in Beirut as they attempted to leave the country. The men denied operating as paid mercenaries in the operation, charges which carry a minimum sentence of three years imprisonment with hard labour and a maximum of 15.Staff. (January 10, 2007) Dad in Lebanese custody case willing to drop charges: lawyer CBC News. Accessed November 18, 2007.

The prosecutor dropped the charge but proceeded on a charge of sending blasphemous materials through the mail. The Court convicted Ross, and sentenced him to six months of hard labour. A person who is aggrieved because someone is engaging in conduct that incites hatred against, serious contempt for, or revulsion or severe ridicule of him on the ground of his religious belief or activity can seek redress under the Racial and Religious Tolerance Act 2001..

An average human worker can provide work good for around 0,9 hp (2.3 MJ per hour) while a machine (depending on the type and size) can provide for far greater amounts of work. For example, it takes more than one and a half hour of hard labour to deliver only one kWh - which a small engine could deliver in less than one hour while burning less than one litre of petroleum fuel.

Coming to Singapore as cheap labourers between the 1920s and 1940s, Samsui women worked mainly in the construction industry and other industries that required hard labour. They also worked as domestic servants. They had a reputation of rejecting jobs involving drug (particularly opium) peddling, prostitution, or other vices, even if that meant living in poverty. Their contributions to housing construction and as well as labour at hawker centres have been invaluable to Singapore's early development.

Anthony Xu Ji-wei (April 2, 1934 - September 25, 2016) was a Roman Catholic bishop. Xu was born in Shanghai in 1934 with ancestral ties to Ningbo and undertook seminary training from 1948 to 1958. Xu was sentenced to 5 years of hard labour in 1960. He was ordained to the priesthood in 1985, Xu Ji-wei served as bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Taizhou, China from 2010 to 2016.

The impact this plant has on Nepalese women and children is also very positive. It is not difficult to cultivate this plant, plus it does not require much human intervention, only periodical weeding, or cutting it back, as it grows naturally. So it can be cultivated without a lot of hard labour. This allows any women who may be growing it to take care of other household matters, such as raising the children.

She is reported to have responded to her sentence with such dignified calm that the chief judge permitted her to appeal. The sentence was commuted to life with hard labour. On March 6, 1942, Parsons was taken with several other prisoners for transport to Anrath Prison in Germany. Parsons was transferred to Wiedenbruck, where she worked on an assembly line creating plywood wings for small craft, then on a line assembling igniters for bombs.

Olive Beamish (1890 – 1978) was an Irish born suffragette, who wore a Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU) badge whilst still at school, and became involved in the militant suffragette movement, including attacking postboxes and arson.Beamish was also known as "Phyllis Brady". Beamish was imprisoned and force-fed and was one of the first to be released under the "Cat and Mouse" Act and later sentenced to 18 months with hard labour.

In December 1665, Rochefort was chosen by Jean-Baptiste Colbert as a place of "refuge, defence and supply" for the French Navy. The Arsenal de Rochefort served as a naval base and dockyard until it closed in 1926. In September 1757, Rochefort was the target of an ambitious British raid during the Seven Years' War. Another infrastructure of early Rochefort from 1766 was its bagne, a high-security penal colony involving hard labour.

The daily routine involved hard labour (e.g. breaking concrete, digging paths and gardens, scrubbing floors and walls, sewing leather, and 'practices' that were carried out with regularity at predetermined intervals during the day). This routine did not alter - up at 6am and return to their cells at 7pm. Hourly checks were made on the girls at night, causing sleep deprivation, and they were required to lie in their beds facing the door.

His father, Tom, had served six months hard labour for poaching in his teens and was illiterate until attending technical college, and later ran a book shop. The family moved to London, where Lovelock's dislike of authority made him, by his own account, an unhappy pupil at Strand School. Lovelock could not at first afford to go to university, something which he believes helped prevent him becoming overspecialised and aided the development of Gaia theory.

In the late 1960s and 70s, Timofeev worked as a journalist for Moscow magazines such as Novy Mir and Kommunist. Timofeev's 1985 book The Technology of the Black Market or the Peasant Art of Starving was published in the West by Telos Press. The book presented a harsh condemnation of the Communist economic system. Timofeev was arrested and sentenced to 11 years of hard labour and internal exile on the grounds of "anti-Soviet propaganda".

Having been arrested in hiding, they were considered criminals and sent to the Punishment Barracks for hard labour. Victor Kugler and Johannes Kleiman were arrested and jailed at the penal camp for enemies of the regime at Amersfoort. Kleiman was released after seven weeks, but Kugler was held in various work camps until the war's end. Miep Gies and Bep Voskuijl were questioned and threatened by the Security Police but not detained.

They were placed in shackles, and preparations began for their transport to Siberia. After serving four to six years of imprisonment and hard labour, the prisoners' sentences were commuted to exile and service in the army. The members of the circle exiled to Siberia and the Kazakh steppe influenced the nascent Kazakh intelligentsia. One of the most notable interlocutors of Dostoevsky during his time of exile was the Kazakh scholar and military officer Chokan Valikhanov.

James Francis Bentley, Catherine Bentley, William Henry Hance and Thomas Farrell in the murder of James Scobie. Judge Redmond Barry presided over the case. James Bentley, William Hance and Thomas Farrell were all found guilty of manslaughter and were each sentenced on 20 November to three years hard labour on the roads; Catherine Bentley was found not guilty. On the afternoon of 20 November, Judge Barry presided over the trial of the Bentley's Hotel rioters.

In January 1918, he was arrested and charged with gross indecency. He was found guilty and sentenced to a twelve-month sentence in Wormwood Scrubs though the judge spared him hard labour on account of his ill health. Millard's second conviction emboldened Douglas to publicly denounce Ross in court during Maud Allan's libel trial against the right-wing conspiracy theorist Noel Pemberton Billing.Philip Hoare, Wilde's Last Stand (New York: Arcade, 1998) p. 109.

Some slaves were native Amerindians but the vast majority of those peoples died out because they had no immunity to European diseases. Africans were much more resilient and so the slave trade essentially concerned the capture and coercion of black African people, mainly from the western coastal regions, and their transportation to destinations in the Americas where they would be sold like livestock and forced by their "owners" to perform hard labour on the plantations.

The surviving members of Zebra are brought on board the Dolphin, and the station is abandoned. While still under the ice, a fire breaks out in the engine room and the sub is forced to shut down its nuclear reactor. The crew succeeds in saving the ship, after several hours of hard labour, and thanks to Swanson's ingenuity. Carpenter calls a meeting of the survivors, and announces that the fire was no accident.

The Fairlie arrived in Hobart on 4 July. Issued with a ticket of leave, Williams absconded several times, and had his ticket revoked on a number of occasions. On one occasion he received six months hard labour for being "upon the female premises without authority and holding communication with a female servant". He was awarded a conditional pardon on 11 December 1855 but it must have been revoked because another was later awarded to him.

Evgenii Martynov, a thirty-five-year-old Pentecostal civil engineer was sent to the Cherniakhovski psycho-prison in 1978. Vasilii Shipilov, an Orthodox layman, was sentenced to ten years’ hard labour in 1939 at the age of 17 for being a student at an underground seminary. In 1949, after his release, he roamed Siberia and proclaimed the Kingdom of God as well as criticized Stalin's abuses. He was soon rearrested and declared insane.

In the first war trials of Germans prior to the Nuremberg trials, five of the residents were tried as war criminals, found guilty and hanged. Three others received sentences to hard labour and were released in the 1950s. A later trial was held for two more citizens, one of whom was hanged. In all, eleven citizens were tried for war crimes and murder stemming from this incident, six of whom were executed.

It soon came under police surveillance and was raided in August. Neave, Reynolds, and many others were arrested. Neave and Reynolds were charged with running a disorderly house. At the time of the preliminary hearing on 28 August, Neave was described as a phrenologist, aged 48, and living at Robert Street, London NW. Following a trial that concluded on 26 October 1934, Neave was convicted and sentenced to 20 months' hard labour.

Béjarano was born Esther Löwy, a daughter of the head cantor of a Jewish municipality in 1924. Her father encouraged his daughter to get interested in music and Esther learned to play the piano. At the age of 15 she had to leave her parents' home to make an attempt to emigrate to Palestine; the attempt was unsuccessful. She served two years of hard labour at a camp in , near Fürstenwalde/Spree.

Over half of them perished there; others were shipped to other complexes. There were hundreds of Arbeitslager camps in operation, where at least 1.5 million Poles performed hard labour at any given time. Many of the subcamps were transient in nature, being opened and closed according to the labour needs of the occupier. There were also around 30 Polenlager camps among them, formally identified in Silesia as permanent (see list) such as Gorzyce and Gorzyczki.

"Aaron says women who fell pregnant were taken to offices and bullied to have an abortion. If they refused, they faced demotion and hard labour. Aaron says one staff member used a coat hanger and self-aborted her child for fear of punishment," said Senator Xenophon. Carmel Underwood, another former Scientologist, said she had been put under "extreme pressure" to have an abortion, and that she was placed into a "disappearing programme", after refusing.

112 Days' Hard Labour by Peet's father Hubert Stephen Hubert Peet was born on 16 February 1920, in Penge, South London, the youngest child of Hubert William Peet (1886 - 1951) and his wife, Edith Mary, born Scott. He had two older sisters and an older brother, John. Stephen's parents were Quakers, unlike his four grandparents who were Congregationalist. His mother's parents had served as missionaries.Imperial War Museum interview with Stephen Peet on 30 October 1990.

Additionally, the band acts out the section of the song that details the protagonist's escape from prison. The film shows the prisoners (Scott, Angus and Rudd) doing hard labour under watch of the prison guards (Malcolm and Evans). Later, the prisoners manage to blow open the gates to the prison. Rudd and Angus are able to escape, but Scott is shot by Malcolm and Evans as he attempts to do the same.

The law did not affect smooth-bore guns, which were available for purchase without any form of paperwork. The penalty for violating the Act was a fine of up to £50 or "imprisonment with or without hard labour for a term not exceeding three months", or both.Malcolm, p. 148–149 The right of individuals to bear arms had previously been, in the words of the 1689 Bill of Rights, "as allowed by law".

Initially working as a photojournalist in the provincial capital Xining, in 1959 he was sent to Riyueshan People's Commune to perform hard labour. He nearly starved to death during the Great Famine, before his father, by then a high-ranking official in the State Council, arranged to transfer him back to Beijing in 1962. He then worked at the Chinese People's World Peace Committee, an official organ in charge of managing foreign visitors.

From the first days, the occupation regime started deportation of the citizens to Nazi Germany for forced hard labour. Nazi Germany needed workforce, and the population census held by Germans in occupied Taganrog in February 1942 revealed possibilities for displacing citizens into Germany or the occupied territories. The Bürgermeisteramt organized a labour exchange in the building of the municipal school no.8. The first mass deportations through this organization took place in April 1942.

He asked the Soviets to let him fight the Germans but was sent to Siberia as a prisoner. Following a year of hard labour in the prison camp, Szmuness was appointed head of sanitary conditions. He later became the head epidemiologist in the local district. After release from detention in 1946, Szmuness completed his medical education at the University of Tomsk in Siberia, and earned a degree in epidemiology from the University of Kharkov.

When the Labour Party formed its first government following the 1935 general election, it commuted all death sentences to life imprisonment. The Crimes Amendment Act 1941 changed the penalty for murder from death to life imprisonment with hard labour. The only crimes for which the death penalty still applied were treason and piracy. The Labour Party lost power to the more conservative National Party, which had pledged to reintroduce capital punishment, in 1949.

He recontested his seat for official Labor at the April 1933 election, but was defeated. In July 1933, he was struck off the roll of legal practitioners over allegations that he had fraudulently taken a large sum of money from a client in a deceased estate case. In August 1933, he was convicted and jailed for three years with hard labour after pleading guilty to separate fraud charges involving a total of £1,591.

Pierce, Tester and Burgess were all arrested, tried and found guilty of the theft. Pierce received a sentence of two years' hard labour in England; Tester and Burgess were sentenced to penal transportation for 14 years. The Great Train Robbery, a novel by the writer and director Michael Crichton was published in 1975. It was adapted into a feature film, The First Great Train Robbery, directed by Crichton with Sean Connery portraying Pierce.

He traveled to then Soviet occupied Grodno and in March 1940 was arrested by the NKVD by attempting to cross the Soviet-Lithuanian frontierGustaw Herling. Gulaghistory and routinely sentenced to five years of hard labour on "espionage" chargesGustaw Herling. Encyklopedia PWN like all Polish intellectuals. Imprisoned in Vitsebsk and two Gulag forced labor camps in Yertsevo and Kargopol in the Arkhangelsk region for 2 years, he was released in 1942 under the Sikorski-Mayski Agreement.

Glitter served his sentence in Thủ Đức Prison in southern Bình Thuận Province. He shared a cell with 18 other foreign inmates, and was exempted from hard labour due to his age. In 2007, he suffered from high blood pressure, and was put on medication and told to stop buying beer from the prison canteen. On 4 January 2008, he was taken to a prison clinic for treatment for intestinal problems after suffering from diarrhoea.

He was called out of retirement on 17 November 1952, however, as a First Class Magistrate to preside over the trial of the Kapenguria Six — Jomo Kenyatta and five others accused of organizing the Mau Mau movement. On 8 April 1953, Thacker sentenced them to seven years' hard labour. In his summing up, Thacker declared: He added: Kenyatta remained imprisoned until 14 April 1959, and his civil rights were not fully restored until August 1961.

Eisner returned to the Soviet Union in January 1940 without cashing the cheque. Four months later, his was searched by the secret police, who found the blank cheque signed by Ernest Hemingway. He was arrested and sentenced under Article 58 of the Criminal Code of the USSR to 8 years of hard labour in the Vorkuta camp. After completion of this period he was sent for "perpetual exile" to the Karaganda region in Kazakhstan.

He became a Professor of Zoology at the Warsaw main school. In 1864 he was arrested and condemned to death for taking part in the Polish January Uprising. His sentence was later reduced to 12 years in Siberia. He started studying the natural history of Siberia and in 1866 a governor Muraviov dismissed Dybowski from hard labour (katorga), renewed his civil rights and proposed him to work as a doctor in hospital.

In early 1955 Nkumbula and Kaunda were imprisoned together for two months (with hard labour) for distributing "subversive" literature. Such imprisonment and other forms of harassment were normal rites of passage for African nationalist leaders. The experience of imprisonment had a moderating influence on Nkumbula, but it had a radicalizing influence on Kaunda. Nkumbula became increasingly influenced by white liberals and was seen as willing to compromise on the fundamental issue of majority rule.

The Sala gang was disclosed when an acquaintance of Hedström got in touch with the police after having read about the fifth murder in the newspapers. Hedström had asked the man to join the gang in a robbery, but the man refused. The members were found guilty on February 22, 1937, and sentenced to lifetime imprisonment with hard labour. All of the members were released after having served between seven and ten years.

Sodomy and/or buggery in Jamaica is a crime that can lead to prison time at hard labour for up to 10 years, however the law is oftentimes not enforced. Sexual behaviour between women is legal. Amnesty International, however, has received reports of violence against lesbians, including rape and other forms of sexual violence. Lesbians reportedly have been attacked on the grounds of "mannish" physical appearance or other visible "signs" of sexuality.

US Senator Jim Webb visiting Aung San Suu Kyi in 2009. Webb negotiated the release of John Yettaw, the man who trespassed in Suu Kyi's home, resulting in her arrest and conviction with three years' hard labour. On 3 May 2009, an American man, identified as John Yettaw, swam across Inya Lake to her house uninvited and was arrested when he made his return trip three days later.McDonald, Mark (7 May 2009).

Germaine Nozière and her lawyer M.Hézard giving evidence in 1934 Her father, Jean-Baptiste, who had been an engine driver, died: but his wife, Germaine, recovered. The murder case and Noziere's lifestyle was the main story in the newspapers. The following year she was convicted and sentenced to death but the sentence was gradually reduced, first to hard labour for life in 1934, then to 12 years in 1942. She was released in 1945.

The monks founded a school and model farm to train orphans and abandoned children, and to rehabilitate delinquents. In 1859 the first prior of Scourmont, Modeste Decroix (Fr François in religion) was removed from office and sentenced to twenty years hard labour on multiple counts of sexual assault."Cour d'Assises du Hainaut", Gazette des Tribunaux, 15-16 August 1859. A second member of the community received a ten-year sentence on similar charges.

Dissertation, University of North Carolina Greensboro, 2008. Cited in: LOPARITS, ELIZABETH, D.M.A. Hungarian Gypsy Style in the Lisztian Spirit: Georges Cziffra’s Two Transcriptions of Brahms’ Fifth Hungarian Dance. Dissertation, University of North Carolina Greensboro, 2008. After attempting to escape communist Hungary in 1950 he was again imprisoned and subject to hard labour in the period 1950–1953. In 1956 Cziffra escaped with his wife and son to Vienna, where his recital was warmly received.

Bannon was eventually captured and was sentenced to 18 months hard labour to be served on Norfolk Island. Bannon sailed on the ‘Franklin’ arriving at Norfolk Island on 9 December 1850. At the time of Bannon's arrival Norfolk Island had been reopened for the second time as a penal settlement and was under the governorship of John Giles Price. Price was well known for his brutal and somewhat extreme management of prison discipline.

Kilroy-Silk was appointed Shadow Home Affairs spokesman, but resigned in 1985. In resigning his seat, he said that he had been assaulted by members of the Militant group and was reported to have had a scuffle with left-wing Labour MP Jeremy Corbyn.Robert Chalmers "Robert Kilroy-Silk: Here Comes Trouble", Independent on Sunday, 6 June 2004. He wrote a book about his experiences, entitled Hard Labour, and subsequently left the Labour Party.

Aimee Nixon, a female judge who has voluntarily had her left arm removed and replaced with a robotic prosthetic. Can beat any lie detector (possibly a reference to Richard Nixon). Her appearance is based on "Courtney Love with a broken nose". She was arrested and sentenced to 20 years' hard labour in the prison colony on Titan, after which she was replaced as the lead character of Low Life by supporting character Dirty Frank.

At the same time, his employee, who had been working for Church as a shepherd, was found guilty of neglecting his duties (resulting in the loss of some of Church's sheep), and sentenced to two months' imprisonment with hard labour. The matter received attention from a number of Perth newspapers, with The Sunday Times describing it as a "travesty of justice"."THE BLACK SLAVERY QUESTION." – The Sunday Times (Perth, Western Australia), 30 April 1899.

During interrogation, he confessed that he—from February 1943 to April 1951—had met around 25 times with Soviet employers. Enbom had provided a large variety of intelligence, most of it from public sources, but also secrets about armaments in Boden Fortress and nearby fortifications. He was sentenced to lifetime hard labour, but was released after ten years. Enbom had, according to a police investigation, collected material about the defence locations of northern Sweden.

In 1918 Halippa was chosen corresponding member of the Romanian Academy; removed in 1948, he was restored to its ranks posthumously in 1990. In 1950 he was arrested and imprisoned without trial at Sighet prison, in Sighetu Marmației. Two years later he was handed over to the NKVD, taken to Chișinău, tried and sentenced to 25 years' hard labour in Siberia. Brought back to Romania, he was held at Aiud until 1957.

In January 1967, a protest followed against the arrest of Ginzburg and Galanskov, and against the introduction of new articles to the Criminal Code that restricted the right to protest.Bukovsky Archives, Section 3.1 "1960–1969", 4 September 1967, P 1393 Students Vladimir Bukovsky, Vadim Delaunay, Victor Khaustov and Evgeny Kushev were arrested for organizing and taking part. Delaunay and Kushev received suspended sentences. Vladimir Bukovsky was sentenced to three years hard labour.

He was arrested in 1854 and sentenced to five years' hard labour, but he was released in 1857 after an enquiry by the parliament. He then worked as a journalist in Brisbane, and in 1859 was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for Tumut. He resigned in 1860 and travelled to Scotland, where he was an agent for the Moreton Bay Company. From 1866 to 1868 he clerked in the Audit Office.

Wang was married to Lin Xingshan (; 1925–2016), who was a professor and Chair of the Civil Engineering Department of Southeast University. During the Cultural Revolution (1966–1976), Lin was denounced as a capitalist roader and imprisoned. Wang was forced to perform hard labour on a farm and on construction sites in Nanjing, while also raising their children on her own. Wang died on 22 February 2019 in Nanjing, at the age of 92.

Hard labour combined with meagre rations led to many deaths at Toongabbie. Irish convict numbers increased rapidly after the Irish Rebellion of 1798 and the defeat of rebel (or patriot) forces at the Battle of Vinegar Hill. Most of the Irish transported between 1797 and 1801 were sent to Toongabbie where they were regarded as a disruptive element, threatening to desert at harvest time. Several planned Irish uprisings were foiled at Toongabbie.

After a performance of the Kiev Bandurist Capella in Leningrad in 1937, he was arrested once again and this time was sentenced to 10 years' hard labour in the Kolyma work camps in the Far East. It was incorrectly reported that he died in Kolyma. In 1943-44 he was released, and worked for a short time as a soloist in the Tashkent Philharmonia. There he also became the leader of the orchestral group of the Veriovka Folk Choir.

Gangadhara got married at the age of 10. As his father’s pecuniary condition was not satisfactory, Gangadhar used to go to school in the morning and help his father in weaving in the afternoon. His clear and beautiful hand writing also garnered attention from many people willing to get their transcribed by him. The pecuniary condition of the family improved a bit due to his hard labour when to the misfortune of the family, the ancestral house caught fire.

Sir Francis is publicly executed in front of Hal. The rest of the crew escape after a year of hard labour and make Hal their captain, and he sets off to avenge his father's death. Along the way he must deal with dangers such as war and the man responsible for his father's death. By the end of the book, he becomes a Knight and a Privateer and assists the ruler of Ethiopia, Prester John in repelling Arab invaders.

In March, he would be found guilty of conduct prejudicial to good order and military discipline and having endeavoured to incite members of His Majesty's forces to mutiny and sentenced to 60 days detention. He spent time in Darlinghurst Gaol and Fort Largs, and was made to undertake hard labour at the latter. His father, Edwin, died while he was in custody; he was permitted to attend the funeral. He was released from custody in May.

Male homosexual sex became illegal in New Zealand when the country became part of the British Empire in 1840 and adopted English law making male homosexual acts punishable by death. The Offences Against The Person Act of 1867 changed the penalty of buggery from execution to life imprisonment. In 1893 the law was broadened so that sexual activity between men constituted "sexual assault" even if it was consensual. Penalties included life imprisonment, hard labour and flogging.

The offence was punishable by twenty-eight days of imprisonment with hard labour. In 1931 the Governor, Sir John Burdon, rejected proposals to legalise trade unions and to introduce a minimum wage and sickness insurance. The conditions, aggravated by rising unemployment and the disastrous hurricane, were responsible for severe hardship among the poor. The poor responded in 1934 with a series of demonstrations, strikes, petitions and riots that marked the beginning of modern politics and the independence movement.

Rancé's reform focused first and foremost centered on penitence. It prescribed hard manual labour, silence, a meagre diet, isolation from the world, and renunciation of most studies. The hard labour was in part a penitential exercise, in part a way of keeping the monastery self-supportive so that communication with the world might be kept at a minimum. This was also the reason why Rancé had Louis XIV's permission to remove the highway that ran outside the monastic walls.

In the far future a law is passed enabling citizens to serve out sentences for crimes they intend to commit, serving the full term, but with a 50% pre- criminal discount. Post-criminals and pre-criminals alike are sent to carry out hard-labour on hellishly perilous, far-flung Convict Planets. Few return. Those pre-criminals who are not killed, drop out before their terms are up, with nothing but scars and nightmares to show for their troubles.

However, Stalin is offended by his saving of Franco's life, and Allen finds himself sentenced to hard labour in a gulag in Vladivostok. There he meets Albert Einstein's fictional brother, Herbert. Herbert and Allan escape from the gulag, setting fire to the whole of Vladivostok in the process. Travelling to North Korea during the Korean War, the pair pose as Soviet marshal Kirill Afanesievich Meretskov and his aide, and meet Kim Il-sung and Mao Tse-tung.

Möller was released from prison on 11 September 1948, after serving six years of hard labour. Möller was later sentenced once again, this time for the murder of Rut Lind in 1959. After Möller's death in 1983, his daughter continued to fight for her father to be officially acquitted of Gerd Johansson's murder. She took her claim to court that her father should be officially acquitted of the 1939 murder, because of witness confessions of untrue testimony in court.

Sergeant Judson Smith was sentenced to three years hard labour and a dishonorable discharge and other enlisted men received prison sentences of lesser length. Lieutenant Granville Cubage, accused of ordering the punishments, pleaded that he was following orders from superior officers; he was fined $250 and reprimanded. In September 1946, at a court martial convened at Bad Nauheim, Germany, Lobuono was officially reprimanded and fined $250 (approximately one month's pay), and Kilian was reprimanded and fined $500.

He was executed on 13 March 1858,Benedict Anderson, Under Three Flags: anarchism and the anti- colonial imagination (2005), p. 115 note 89; Google Books. with Pieri who had also planned to take part in the attack but had been arrested, at La Roquette. Camillo di Rudio, another assassin, was convicted but later had his death sentence commuted to hard labour; later in the USA he took part in the Battle of the Little Big Horn, serving under Custer.

The wife of Lieb Siev and his child were injured by stones and her house damaged by an angry crowd for which the ringleaders were sentenced to hard labour for a month.Keogh (1998), p. 19 In 1892 two families were beaten and a stoning took place on 24 November 1896. Many details about Limerick's Jewish families are recorded in the 1901 census that shows most were peddlers, though a few were described as drapery dealers and grocers.

Aston was by now an unemployed labourer, living at 21 Proffitt Street, Wallsall. He was sentenced to a month of hard labour. By December 1907 Aston was still not able to pay arrears and was sentenced to two months imprisonment, his address was given as Brook Yard, Proffitt Street, Walsall. By April 1908 Aston was living at James Street, Ryecroft, Walsall and found himself caught up in a midnight trespass into a fowl shed on Rushall Hall Farm.

Yaroslavsky was a delegate to the party conferences in Tammerfors in December 1905, Stockholm, in April 1906, and London, June 1907. After his return from London, he was arrested, held for 18 months, then sentenced to five years hard labour in the Gorny Zerentu Prison in the Nerchinsk region. When he had completed his sentence, in 1912, he was exiled to Eastern Siberia. After the February revolution in 1917, he returned to Moscow, to edit a Bolshevik newspaper.

One of their presses was found by KGB near Riga in October 1974 and those who ran it were sentenced to long terms of hard labour. Their underground publishing continued, however, and they boasted of having published nearly half a million Gospels in ten years.Pospielovsky (1988), p. 184. Fifty of their members were imprisoned in 1981, and seventy-three in 1982. A total of 165 of their members were in prison and camps by the end of 1982.

Oryol Prison After surrendering on the Hel Peninsula, Saucken went into Soviet captivity. Initially he was imprisoned in the Lubyanka Building and the Oryol Prison before being transferred to the Siberian Tayshet camp in 1949. Kept in solitary confinement, ordered to do hard labour and tortured by Soviet interrogators after refusing to sign false confessions, Saucken had to use a wheelchair for the rest of his life. Released from Soviet captivity in 1955, he settled in Pullach near Munich.

Harry was sentenced to a year's hard labour, and was then sent to Scotland by his father to avoid further scandal. Park's father decided the best profession for his son was within the law, and arranged for him to be articled with a solicitor in Chelmsford, Essex. He was a regular cross-dresser and went under several names when in women's attire, including Fanny Winifred Park, Mrs Mable Foster, Mrs Jane, Mabel Foley and Fanny Graham.

Bagne became the word for the prisons of the galley slaves in the French Navy; after galley service was abolished, the word continued to be used as a generic term for any hard labour prison. The last one in European France, the Bagne de Toulon, was closed in 1873. The penal colony on Devil's Island in French Guiana, which was not shut down until 1953, was also called a bagne, and features in the famous bestseller Papillon.

The version of his life presented in his semi-biographical novel, Papillon, claimed that Charrière was convicted on 26 October 1931 of the murder of a pimp named Roland Le Petit, a charge that he strenuously denied. He was sentenced to life in prison and ten years of hard labour. He married Georgette Fourel, mayor of the 1st arrondissement of Paris, on December 22, 1931. [They divorced on 8 July 1970 by decision of the Paris High Court].

Unwin was sentenced to three months hard labour; Powell was sentenced to six months and deported.Barr 109–110 Aberhart's government was re-elected in the 1940 election with a reduced majority of 36 of 63 seats. Among the defeated incumbents were dissident leader Brown, the convicted Unwin, the expelled Barnes, and the Provincial Treasurer Low. Aberhart won re-election by running in Calgary; his replacement as Social Credit candidate in Okotoks–High River was soundly defeated.

He arrives at Lucy's apartment, where the two girls are asleep. He wakes them up and discovers they have serious hangovers. Worried that they won't help him, Monte makes up a story, 'Cecil and Dante know about the robbery... I don't know how they found out... There's still hope. I made a deal- a bet-a bet with Cecil and Dante: if we win, they drop all charges, like nothing ever happened... [If we lose,] 20 years hard labour'.

At times he passed by detectives with such cool reserve that they did not suspect him, unwittingly having him inches within their grasp. A truce was finally arranged, but Donald was ambushed and shot. He was arrested and tried in Sherbrooke, Quebec, and although he had acted in self- defense was convicted of manslaughter and sentenced to 18 years hard labour. The worst punishment of all was the removal of his freedom, and he stopped eating, contracting tuberculosis.

By 1902, the 1823 Act had been modified to include forfeit of wages if the written or unwritten contract for work was unfulfilled. Absence from place of work was punishable by imprisonment of up to three months with or without hard labour. There were also penalties of up to 10 pounds for anyone who harboured, concealed or re-employed a 'servant' (i.e. worker) who had deserted or absconded or absented himself from his duty implied in the 'contract'.

Alexandra immediately objected. Nicholas tried to come to her defence saying, "So far we have had polite treatment and men who were gentlemen but now -"King, G, The Last Empress, p.344 The former Tsar was quickly cut off. The guards informed him he was no longer at Tsarskoe Selo and that refusal to comply with their request would result in his removal from the rest of his family; a second offence would be rewarded with hard labour.

Dan spoke on Radio Vietnam and staged a media conference during which a rebel paratrooper pulled a portrait of the president from the wall, ripped it and stamped on it.Moyar, p. 114. However, the plot leaders stalled their coup when Diem falsely promised reform. Diem then crushed the rebels and Dan was arrested, tortured and sentenced to eight years of hard labour in the penal colony on Poulo Condore where the French had once imprisoned Vietnamese nationalists.

On November 24, 1970, Horbal was arrested by the KGB and charged with Anti Soviet Agitation and Propaganda. He was sentenced to 5 years imprisonment and 2 years exile in Siberia. On release from prison and return to Ukraine, Horbal settled in Kyiv, where he joined the Ukrainian Helsinki Group which had formed in 1976. All of the members of the group were arrested, and on October 23, 1979, Horbal was arrested and sentenced to 5 years hard labour.

On 13 May 1946, while stationed at Muar Camp Malaya, 255 men refused to obey the commanding officer's orders and were later charged with mutiny. Of the 255 men, three were acquitted, and eight were sentenced to five years' penal servitude and to be discharged from the army. The rest were given two years imprisonment with hard labour and discharged. Two days after sentencing, after a review by the Judge Advocate-General the sentences were quashed.

He was arrested in connection with the First Lahore Conspiracy Case and was sentenced to death in 1915. The sentence was later commuted to one of transportation for life: he was imprisoned in the Andaman Islands until 1920 and subjected to hard labour. In protest against such harsh treatment of political prisoners, Bhai Parmanand went on hunger strike for two months. The King-Emperor, George V, released him in 1920 as the result of a general amnesty order.

He was charged on seven more occasions in West Germany but never convicted and died a free man in 1977. Hermann Balck was sentenced by a French military court in Colmar to 20 years of hard labour for his role in the scorched earth operations but never extradited. Hans-Dietrich Ernst, involved in the deportation of the Jews of Angers, was also part of Waldfest and sentenced to death in absentia on three occasions by France, but never extradited.

Such brutality was not accidental. The SS guards would often force prisoners – exhausted from hours of hard labour without sufficient food and water – to race up the stairs carrying blocks of stone. Those who survived the ordeal would often be placed in a line-up at the edge of a cliff known as "The Parachutists Wall" (). At gun-point each prisoner would have the option of being shot or pushing the prisoner in front of him off the cliff.

"She suffered a lot ... she was sent to the countryside for hard labour. When she came back, she fought hard to clear her name." Long after, having returned for a second visit after her own return to the West, and having eventually found Yin Luoyi again, Wong took comfort in learning she had not been her confidante's only betrayer, and that she did not express anger. Wong wrote another book, and did interviews on her own experience.

It was the result of very hard labour of the people and the vicar and it was consecrated by Mar Mathew Pothanamuzhy on 31/01/1971 Developmental Activities The church has been playing a leadership role in bringing about timely development in Kuninji. Ramapuram – Marika road was made in 1927. In 1961 Kuninji – Karimkunnam road was made in 1963. It was because land was offered by the church the Government Homoeo Dispensary was established in kuninji in 1974.

He pled guilty the following month to that charge (with the other two similar charges being dropped), and was sentenced to three years' imprisonment with hard labour."TRADES HALL FUNDS STOLEN BY SECRETARY", The Daily News, 15 August 1923. Little is known of Baglin's activities after his release from prison, including his date of death. He is known to have been living in Queensland in 1952 (aged 80), when he was the victim of a criminal assault.

During the Conscription Crisis of 1944 the prison eventually included Canadians who had refused conscription. Also, prisoners were forced into hard labour which included farming the land and lumbering. The Macdonald-Cartier Bridge was constructed in 1965, pushing many of Hull's bars to streets north. A large office complex known as Place du Portage began construction in the 1970s, uprooting many businesses along what was once the town's main commercial area, and displacing some 4,000 residents.

Police were not able to charge Shotton with murder, since the law at the time prevented a suspect being tried for murder if there was no body. However, he was charged and found guilty of bigamously marrying her in South Shields in March 1918 and sentenced to 18 months' hard labour. Leader divorced him shortly after he was released from jail. There were subsequently numerous alleged sightings of Stuart in Canada, South Africa, Australia and India.

It states that a person who causes an abortion after 28 weeks of pregnancy is guilty of "child destruction", a felony, and is punishable with life imprisonment with or without hard labour. Saint Kitts and Nevis also follows precedents set in British abortion law, such as Rex v. Bourne (1938), in which the court ruled that an abortion performed on a teenage rape victim was lawful as it prevented harm to the victim's physical and mental health.

He lost to F S Kelly in 1903, to Saint-George Ashe in 1904 and to Harry Blackstaffe in 1905 and 1906.Henley Royal Regatta Results of Final Races 1839–1939 In 1905 he was runner up to L F Scholes in the Diamond Challenge Sculls.Wingfield Sculls Record of Races Cloutte was a banker, and was employed by Barings Bank. However, in 1913 he stole money from his employers and was sentenced to six months hard labour.

Rade Malobabić was one of the high profile members of the 53 defendants tried for High Treason in Zargeb between 1907 and 1909. Among 31 others Rade was found guilty and sentenced to hard labour for an extended term. The subsequent appeal being successful and the parallel Friedjung Process proving the evidence against Malobabić and his fellow defendants to have been fabricated led to the state dropping the charges and releasing all 31 remaining accused in 1910.

The gang formed in 1914, a few months after William Foster had escaped from Pretoria Prison, where he had been sentenced to 12 years hard labour for robbing a shop. Their first robbery was at the Boksburg North branch of the National Bank. When the gang began breaking into the bank, they were startled by a clerk who was sleeping on the premises. Carl Mezar instantly attacked the man sleeping on the floor and a brawl began.

"An act to authorise, for a limited time, the punishment by hard labour of offenders who, for certain crimes, are or shall become liable to be transported to any of his Majesty's colonies and plantations." The practice was mandated in Scotland by an act of 1785, but was less used there than in England. Transportation on a large scale resumed with the departure of the First Fleet to Australia in 1787, and continued there until 1868.

At the beginning of the film, Maurice is age 11, rather than 14. The film omits almost all of the novel's philosophical dialogue and many subplots, such as Maurice's desire for the schoolboy Dickie. The scenes dealing with this subplot were filmed but not included in the final cut. The film expands the Wildean character of Lord Risley, and sees him sentenced to six months at hard labour for homosexual conduct; in the novel, he is never imprisoned.

Visitors at Hawarden in October were "shocked...by some rather wild language on the Dock labourers question".Barker, p. 92. Gladstone was impressed with workers unconnected with the dockers' dispute who "intended to make common cause" in the interests of justice. On 23 October at Southport, Gladstone delivered a speech where he said that the right to combination, which in London was "innocent and lawful, in Ireland would be penal and...punished by imprisonment with hard labour".

The murder was not only notable because of the deed itself, but also because it was revealed that the mother and son had an incestuous relationship. Anna Månsdotter was beheaded by axe on the district jail grounds in Kristianstad on August 7, 1890 by executioner Albert Gustaf Dahlman. Per Nilsson was pardoned from his death sentence and was instead sentenced to hard labour for the rest of his life. He was however released in 1913 and died in 1918.

Eventually, after an appeal was lost, he was sentenced to three months hard labour. This was reported in Sydney by Richard Neville in the Nation Review as an outrage, prompting still more debate. Fabinyi returned to Sydney and the world of rock and roll, teaming with photographer Philip Morris for the book, The Bumper Book of Rock. He and Philip designed record covers, photo shoots and documented the 1970s Sydney scene and the life of Johnny O'Keefe.

Arrested by the Americans after the end of the war in Europe, he was released in May 1948 after being considered an unimportant Nazi official. Esser then went into hiding only to be re-arrested in 1949 by the West German Police. Charged under the new West Germany anti- Nazification laws, he was found guilty of being a "major offender" and sentenced to five years hard labour with a loss of civil rights for life. He was released in 1952.

It was also meant to raise the age of consent for heterosexual intercourse. Section 11 was repealed and re-enacted by section 13 of the Sexual Offences Act 1956, which in turn was repealed by the Sexual Offences Act 1967, which partially decriminalised male homosexual behaviour. Most famously, Oscar Wilde was convicted under section 11 and sentenced to two years' hard labour, and Alan Turing was convicted under it and sentenced to oestrogen injections (chemical castration) as an alternative to prison.

Jones got drunk in Onehunga and argued with one of their bricklayers in December 1883. Jones shot and killed the man and was sentenced to 14 years hard labour. The company tried to carry on but Edmund Otway, Jones' successor, was taken ill and died in June 1884. His successor was an iron-master from the Clyde region of Scotland, James McAndrew, who tried his best to carry on against mounting problems with the de-oxidation part of the process.

After the caves were taken, the Kai Colo surrendered and their leader, Bisiki, was captured. Various trials were held, mostly at Nasaucoko under Le Hunte, and 32 men were either hanged or shot including Bisiki, who was killed trying to escape. By the end of October 1876, the "Little War" was over, and Gordon had succeeded in vanquishing the rebels in the interior of Viti Levu. Remaining insurgents were sent into exile with hard labour for up to 10 years.

He had joined the Independent Labour Party in 1915, and through the ILP he came into contact with the No Conscription Fellowship. When conscription was introduced in 1916, Ness Edwards' conscientious objections to compulsory service were 'absolutist' and based on his trade union and socialist principles. He was treated harshly - imprisoned with hard labour at Dartmoor and later at Wormwood Scrubs, beaten in Brecon barracks and chased naked by soldiers with fixed bayonets, forced to work in stone quarries in freezing weather.

Proving efficient, he worked at the station for seven years. Although suspected of stock theft from the late 1840s, Fuller's known criminal record began on the 10th of June, 1854, when under the name "John Smith" (occupation: jockey). He was sentenced to twelve years' of hard labour for highway robbery at Castlemaine, Victoria. Released in June, 1860, from the prison ship Success on a ticket-of-leave for good behaviour, Fuller failed to report to the police in the Ovens police district.

It soon transpired that the car involved in the accident, which did not stop, was owned by Hildebrand Harmsworth, brother of Sir Alfred Harmsworth, owner of the Daily Mail, and driven by Hildebrand's chauffeur. The passengers were Hildebrand Harmsworth's political supporters. The chauffeur was eventually sentenced to a jail term of six months hard labour and his passengers censured for failing to insist that the car stop after the accident. Hildebrand Harmsworth gave £300 to a charity fund to help the boy's mother.

On 26 January 1872, a civilian, James Green, was stopped by Farrier-Major Knott at Aldershot with a wagon containing sacks of oats and hay. Green stated that Murphy had given him permission to remove these goods. Murphy and Green were then arrested for the theft of these goods. At the trial at Winchester, Green was acquitted and released, but Murphy was convicted and sentenced to nine months' hard labour at the House of Correction for the county of Hampshire.

Gissing's academic career ended in disgrace when he ran short of money and stole from his fellow students. The college hired a detective to investigate the thefts and Gissing was prosecuted, found guilty, expelled and sentenced to a month's hard labour in Belle Vue Gaol, Manchester, in 1876. Gissing, by Elliott & Fry In September 1876, with support from sympathisers, he travelled to the United States, where he spent time in Boston and Waltham, Massachusetts, writing and teaching classics.Stearns, George A. (1926).

Chidambaram appealed the sentence in High Court, gaining a reduced punishment of four years imprisonment and six years in exile. An appeal to the Privy Council led to a further reduction in sentence. Chidambaram was interned in Coimbatore and Kannanoor jail. He was not treated as a political prisoner, nor was the sentence de facto of simple imprisonment; rather, he was treated as a convict sentenced to life imprisonment and required to do hard labour, which caused his health to suffer.

During the reign of Peter the Great, Cossacks were used for the construction of canals and fortification lines in northern Russia. An estimated 20–30 thousands were sent each year. Hard labour led to a high mortality rate among builders, and only an estimated 40% of Cossacks returned home. After the Battle of Poltava in 1709, the Chortomlyk Sich (sometimes referred to as the "Old Sich" (Stara Sich)) was destroyed and Baturyn, the capital of Hetman Ivan Mazepa, was razed.

In the 1400s, some inmates at the Tolhouse jail waited 10 years for a trial. In 1645, witch-hunter Matthew Hopkins used the Tolhouse jail during his witch trials, in which several local women were hanged. In the 18th century, the Tolhouse used hard labour, on a treadmill or picking oakum nearby. In the early 19th century, British prison visitor Sarah Martin criticised the living conditions in the jail, as the cells were too warm and the jail was unsanitary.

Friedrich Schumann was convicted of murder, and on 13 July 1920 he was sentenced to seven death penalties, one life sentence, ten years hard labour and several other sentences in Berlin. He was therefore sentenced to death.Blazek, Matthias, Carl Großmann und Friedrich Schumann - Zwei Serienmörder in den zwanziger Jahren, Stuttgart 2009, p. 123. On August 27, 1921, at 6 o'clock in the morning, Schumann was executed in the courtyard of the Plötzensee Prison by Prussian executioner (Scharfrichter) Carl Gröpler, using the axe.

In addition, some governors listened to the complaints of serfs and punished nobles, but this was by no means universal. Other than these, the rights of a serf were very limited. A landowner could punish his serfs at his discretion, and under Catherine the Great gained the ability to sentence his serfs to hard labour in Siberia, a punishment normally reserved for convicted criminals.Madriaga, “Catherine II”, 42–46 The only thing a noble could not do to his serfs was to kill them.

Whilst he was in custody, on 24 October, the French Court of Appeal found him guilty, in his absence, of theft and sentenced him to 20 years hard labour. The French authorities requested his extradition on November 15 of that year. He was sentenced to 2 years imprisonment by the New York court in February 1952. At the end of 1953, soon after his release from prison, Spirito was deported from the US to France for entering the country illegally.

Maurice Tomlinson (born 1971) is a Jamaican Attorney-at-Law and law lecturer. He has been a leading Gay Rights and HIV activist in the Caribbean for over 20 years and is one of the only Jamaican LGBTI human rights advocates to challenge the country's 1864 British colonially imposed anti gay Sodomy Law (known as the Buggery Law). This law predominantly affects men who have sex with men (MSM) and carries a jail sentence of up to ten years imprisonment with hard labour.

When her father asked who could ease all the above, Miaoshan pointed out that a doctor was able to do all of these. Her father grew angry as he wanted her to marry a person of power and wealth, not a healer. He forced her into hard labour and reduced her food and drink but this did not cause her to yield. Every day she begged to be able to enter a temple and become a nun instead of marrying.

At his premises on Field Street, he gave a rousing speech arguing the honour of India was threatened. Despite his stay in Transvaal prisons, Rustomjee insisted on joining a group of resisters from the Phoenix Settlement (to which he had been a major financial benefactor). This included Kasturba Gandhi, who had started the third phase of the satyagraha on 15 September 1913. The fifteen satyagrahis crossed the border at Transvaal and were sentenced on 23 September to three months with hard labour.

Bowen provided royal assent, but all three acts were subsequently disallowed by the federal government.Elliott 268 In 1937's Bankers' Toadies incident, Powell (along with Social Credit whip Joe Unwin) was convicted of criminal libel, sentenced to six months hard labour, and deported to the United Kingdom. The charges stemmed from a pamphlet listing nine men as "bankers' toadies" and advocating their "extermination".Barr 109–110 The government of Ernest Manning proved less tolerant of the board than Aberhart's had.

They were evicted in August, after Whalley's draft for the rent had proved uncollectable, but by this time Whalley had broken into a locked room and stolen £200 of the owner's goods and pawned them. He was subsequently convicted of theft at the Old Bailey and sentenced to nine months at hard labour. He subsequently changed his surname to White, and emigrated to Queensland, with his wife and infant daughter, in 1885 or 1886. He died in Innisfail, Queensland in 1917.

The amassed neighbours told of further infamies, such as when whores "in the habit of a Gentlewoman began to propose a Health to the Privy Member of a Gentleman ... and afterwards drank a Toast to her own Private Parts". They complained that, such was the proliferation of bawds in the area around the house that the daughters of local families were assumed to be prostitutes by the men visiting the brothel. For her iniquities, Cresswell was "sett to Hard Labour" in prison.

On 13 March 1845 he married Mary Ann Swan at St Bride's Church in Fleet Street. In July 1847 Strousberg was working as an agent for several building societies and entrusted to handle member's payments. For some reason, he took an amount of money and booked a passage to America, but was found out when the steamer had to return to Southampton having loaded the wrong grade of coal. Strousberg was tried, found guilty, and served six months imprisonment with hard labour.

In 1944, McCann was re-elected as a Burnside councillor, but resigned the following year. In 1946, his inquiries as prices commissioner into black marketeering resulted in his home being deliberately set alight. A man was subsequently convicted for the crime and sentenced to six years imprisonment with hard labour. The following year, McCann was elected the first president of the Tenth Battalion AIF Association, which combined the old 10th Battalion Club and the World War II 2/10th Battalion Club.

The ring and the chain together weighed seven kilograms and 250 grams. There were longer chains, of twenty-four links, for those with longer sentences, and for those sentenced to life imprisonment, an additional triangular ring so they could be chained to their bed. Before the French Revolution and again after 1810, the prisoners were also branded on the shoulder with a hot iron, using the letters TF (travaux forcés, hard labour) and TFP (travaux forcés à perpétuité, hard labor for life).

In the 17th century, blasphemy was declared a common law offence by the Court of King's Bench, punishable by the common law courts. In 1656, the Quaker James Naylor was sentenced by the Second Protectorate Parliament to flogging, to be pilloried, branded on the forehead and the piercing of his tongue by a red-hot poker, and thereafter kept in prison on hard labour indefinitely. In sentencing Naylor, the judge, Lord Commissioner Whitelock, makes the distinction between heresy and blasphemy.

He was also active in the National Agricultural Labourers' and Rural Workers' Union, and was a leading figure in its East Anglian strike, from 1912 until 1914. He married Edith in 1914, and the couple relocated to Croydon, where Foan opened a tobacconists' shop, where he also worked as a hairdresser. During World War I, he was a conscientious objector, and was sentenced to hard labour at Wormwood Scrubs. In April 1919, he was released due to his poor health.

That was distributed around the year according to the agricultural cycle.Fedor Belov, The History of a Soviet Collective Farm, Praeger, New York (1955), p. 87. If kolkhoz members did not perform the required minimum of work, the penalties could involve confiscation of the farmer's private plot, a trial in front of a People's Court that could result in three to eight months of hard labour on the kolkhoz or up to one year in a corrective labor camp.Fedor Belov, op. cit.

He was accused of having attracted children and teenagers to the church. He was also accused of being a sadist who beat his wife and the young girls who came to his church. He had produced writings that criticized the legal status of religion in the USSR, criticizing the official ideology, and he had also had contacts with Eshliman and Yakunin. He was sentenced to three years hard labour, and he lost one of his legs during his time in the camp.

Frederick Park (right) and Ernest Boulton as Fanny and Stella, 1869 Thomas Ernest Boulton and Frederick William Park were two Victorian cross-dressers. In 1870, while in drag, they were arrested after leaving a London theatre. They were charged with conspiracy to commit sodomy, a crime that carried a maximum prison sentence of life with hard labour. Their case came to court the following year when they were acquitted after the prosecution failed to establish that they had anal sex.

In 1873, the Russian government ordered all women students in Zurich to return home. Bardina returned to Moscow, and in 1874, and obtained a job in a factory, hoping to recruit workers to the revolutionary movement. She was arrested in 1875, and spent two years in prison in Moscow. and was a defendant at the Trial of the 50, alongside Olga Liubatovich, Lydia Figner, Pyotr Alexeyev and others, and was sentenced to 10 years hard labour, later commuted to exile in Siberia.

Moore, p.78 Whilst engaged in hard labour, he often felt worried he would meet the same untimely death from miner's diseases or an accident as his workmates did. He has criticised the mining companies for their "heartless" treatment of workers in the early days; "when a man got killed he was sent straight to the morgue [but] if a horse got killed there was a hell of an inquiry a horse was far more important than a man."Lehmann, p.

He joined the African National Congress. By 1955, Mr Chisembele had organised a firm ANC base in Fort Rosebery (Mansa) using his own resources. At Lubwe Mission with the full participation of Mr Sylvester Muchengwa and Mr Protasio Kamayanda, both leading personalities and leaders in the Catholic Church, the ANC spread rapidly. In 1956 Mr Chisembele along with three of his colleagues, were all sent to prison in Fort Rosebery and Ndola's Bwana Mkubwa prison for 9 months with hard labour.

TGV candidate Hery Rajaonarimampianina was elected president in January 2014, defeating Jean-Louis Robinson, the candidate of Marc Ravalomanana's camp. Upon attempting to return to Madagascar in October 2014 he was arrested, having been sentenced in absentia to lifelong hard labour for abuses of power by the Rajoelina administration. After his sentence was lifted and he was freed from house arrest in May 2015, Ravalomanana announced the re- opening of the Tiko business group and was re-elected the president of TIM.

In the 8th frame Bach cleared the last five colours to tie the scores and then won the frame on the respotted black. Following the match, Bach, a commercial traveller from Birmingham, was arrested on a charge of obtaining £50 by false pretences. Bach had forged two cheques in the name of a well-known Birmingham bookmaker and used them to obtain money from the assistant manager of the Midland hotel in Birmingham. Bach was sentenced to four months hard labour.

After graduation, Rico began engaging in criminal activities, including extortion, assault and racketeering. Joe suspected that this was the result of exposure to radiation when Rico was injured on a training mission in the Cursed Earth."Blood Cadets," 2000 AD #1187–88 When Joe witnessed Rico murder an innocent cafe owner who had refused to pay him protection money, Joe arrested him. Rico was sentenced to twenty years hard labour on the prison colony of Titan, where he grew to hate his brother.

Oscar Slater 1908 Oscar Slater's hammer Oscar Joseph Slater (8 January 1872 – 31 January 1948) was the victim of Scotland's worst ever miscarriage of justice. Wrongly convicted of murder and sentenced to death, he was freed after almost two decades of hard labour at Scotland’s HM Prison Peterhead through the efforts of multiple journalists, lawyers, and writers, including Sherlock Holmes author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle.Margalit Fox, "Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and the Case of the Wrongfully Imprisoned Man", Medium, June 21, 2018.

The three men were held at the prison (presidio) in San Diego, and Toypurina was imprisoned at the prison in San Gabriel while they awaited word of their punishment. In June 1788, nearly three years later, their sentences arrived from Mexico City: Nicolás José was banned from San Gabriel and sentenced to six years of hard labour in irons at the most distant penitentiary in the region. Toypurina was banished from Mission San Gabriel and sent to the most distant Spanish mission.

At Coldbath Fields Prison, the men's counterpart to Tothill Fields, prisoners had to pick per day unless sentenced to hard labour, in which case they had to pick between of oakum per day.Mayhew & Binny (1862) p. 312. In modern times, the fibrous material used in oakum comes from virgin hemp or jute. In plumbing and marine applications, the fibers are impregnated with tar or a tar-like substance, traditionally pine tar (also called 'Stockholm tar'), an amber- coloured pitch made from pine sap.

42, 46 Newlove and Veck pleaded guilty to indecency on 18 September and the judge, Sir Thomas Chambers, a former Liberal Member of Parliament who had a reputation for leniency, sentenced them to four and nine months' hard labour respectively.Hyde, The Cleveland Street Scandal, pp. 47–53 The boys were also given sentences that were considered at the time to be very lenient.Aronson, p. 137 Hammond escaped to France, but the French authorities expelled him after pressure from the British.

Unbeknown to him, the secret service had infiltrated the CPGB in 1931, with an agent known later as "Miss X"—Olga Gray. Glading trusted her and involved her in his espionage activities and lodged her in the Holland Park safe house. He was eventually arrested in January 1938 in the act of exchanging sensitive material from the Royal Arsenal at Woolwich. Predominantly due to the testimony of "Miss X", Glading was found guilty and sentenced to six-years of hard labour.

These include government figures and a physicist. However, CIA mole Aldrich Ames, soon betrays these agents, along with all other CIA agents in the Soviet Union. Nearly all are rounded up by the Soviets, and are either executed or sentenced to hard labour after lengthy interrogation and torture by the ruthless Anatoli Grishin. Colonel Nikolai Ilyich Turkin, the first Soviet to be recruited by Monk, develops a close friendship with him after Monk saves his son from dying of a tropical disease.

Qadr Majali between Karak notables following the Revolt. Sami Pasha's forces suppressed the revolt with an indiscriminate massacre, and the leaders of the revolt were executed; 5 in Damascus and another 5 in Al-Karak as an example to their fellow villagers. The inhabitants of Al-Karak were forced to pay compensation for all the damage done to state property. Hundreds of Karakis were imprisoned in Damascus and given harsh sentences ranging from years of hard labour to lifetime imprisonment.

He then fled to continental Europe, disguised as a Catholic priest, but nonetheless suspiciously accompanied by a female "dancer" companion. He was soon caught and sentenced to 18 months hard labour. Unstable and hypersensitive, Statham wrote The Fiery Furnace (1895) about his mental state, and underwent a brief religious conversion during his time in jail. After a few months as a lay preacher, he gave it up to write poetry, and then became a newspaper editor to the Liverpool Albion.

Vlk was born in Líšnice, a municipal part of the market town of Sepekov, in the Písek District of Southern Bohemia. He spent his childhood in Záluží near Chyšky, where he attended elementary school and experienced the hard labour of farm work. At the age of 11, he first started thinking about the priesthood. This initial idea of a priestly vocation came to him because he felt particularly challenged by a poster hanging in his parish church that continued to attract his attention.

After leaving his house, Hammad takes a job at a porter which requires hard labour. In the quest to be suitable for Imaan, Hammad finds spirituality and the true meaning of religion along the way. Despite of Hammad's efforts, Moulvi Aleem refuses to understand the idea of love marriage and is unable to forgive Hammad for being in love with Imaan. Due to family pressure, Imaan is forced to marry her cousin Abdullah and begs Hammad to return to his own family.

She was sent to perform hard labour in the countryside, and was prevented from acting for 15 years. She survived the tumultuous period largely unscathed, however, partly because the film was not labelled a "giant poisonous weed". After the end of the Cultural Revolution, she made a comeback attempt and appeared in several films from 1978 to 1980, but they were mostly unsuccessful. She retired in 1980, after portraying a Japanese scientist in her last film, The Jade-Colored Butterfly.

In November, Gambira was sentenced to 68 years in prison, at least 12 years of which would be hard labour. In early 2009, five years were taken off his total sentence, reducing it to 63 years. Both Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International protested his sentence, calling for his immediate release. Aung Ko Ko Lwin, Gambira's brother who had sheltered him from authorities, was sentenced to twenty years in prison, and Moe Htet Hlyan, Gambira's brother-in-law, was also imprisoned.

He was elected to the national industrial tribunal in 1911, and in 1913 he was the founder of the French Federation of Catholic Employees' Unions. Zirnheld served in the French Army during World War I, but was taken as a prisoner of war in 1916. He tried to smuggle information on the German military back into France, but he was informed upon, and was sentenced to 12 years hard labour. Three months later, the war ended, and he returned home.

Share of the Motor Manufacturing Company, issued 14. May 1901 MMC 1900 Motor Manufacturing Company Limited, incorporated 1902 following companies of the same name formed in 1898 and 1900 was the third and final revival of H J Lawson's The Great Horseless Carriage Company. In 1904 Lawson and business partner E. T. Hooley were indicted for "an ingenious system of fraud carried out over a long period". Lawson, who defended himself, was found guilty and sentenced to a year's hard labour.

In 1955 Kianouri moved to East Berlin and was later appointed as one of the research directors of the (DBA) developing theories of socialist architecture and urban planning in close cooperation with his Russian partner Georgy A. Gradov (). Kianouri and his wife were tried by the regime of Mohammad-Rezā Shāh Pahlavi and sentenced to hard labour for life in absentia.Dr.ir. Hamed Khosravi : The Double Life of N.K. collections and events at IISH. (Dr.ir. Hamed Khosravi is an architect, writer and educator.

That afternoon the commanding general arrived and spoke to them. They were then ordered to fall in and when they failed to comply, 258 men were taken into military custody. A Court of Inquiry was held which decided the 258 men were to stand trial for mutiny. In the trial, three men were acquitted, eight were sentenced to five years' penal servitude and discharged from the army, and the rest were given two years imprisonment with hard labour and discharged.

The others were given lesser sentences, or had death sentences commuted to a lesser punishment, e.g. hard labour, field punishment or a suspended sentence (91 of the men executed were under a suspended sentence: 41 of those executed were previously subject to commuted death sentences, and one had a death sentence commuted twice beforeCorrigan p247). Of the 346 men executed, 309 were pardoned, while the remaining 37 were those executed for murder, who would have been executed under civilian law.

Candor, Sydney Gazette, 15 January, 1820, p.3b,c. He then spent time ashore, where, by August 1812, he was a labourer living with old shipmates in poor lodgings in Phillips Street. On 21 August he and Edward Williams stole a woman's fancy silk cloak, for which they were convicted in November, sentenced to a year's hard labour, and sent to Newcastle.James Byrne vs Edward Williams, William Tucker and Charles Lefevre pp.211-214, 5/1120, State Records of New South Wales, Sydney.

Francis Tong Hui (15 August 1933 - 27 October 2016) was a Chinese clandestine Roman Catholic bishop. Tong Hui was born in Lintong District in 1933 and was clandestinely ordained to the priesthood in 23 December 1956.Mgr Francis Tong Hui, emeritus bishop of Yulin, dies Tong was sentenced to 15 years of hard labour on March 1965 and freed on January 1980. He was coadjutor bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Yan’an from 1992 and was consecrated in 1994.

Zishe Breitbart (Jouko Ahola) is the son of an Orthodox Jewish blacksmith in rural Poland. He is fantastically strong, largely from working at hard labour all day. A talent agent sees how strong Breitbart is in his Jewish shtetl home and convinces him to move to Berlin, where he can find work as a strongman. Hanussen (an allusion to the real-life figure Erik Jan Hanussen, played by Tim Roth), an epic con-man and supposed mystic, runs a cabaret variety show.

However, Shaolin's discipline master, Ho-gam, refuses to let them see the abbot and has them arrested and sent to perform hard labour. Clubfoot is captured during the chaos and brought to the labour camp. Clubfoot escapes and rescues an old monk, Hung-wun, with Mo-gan and Kwai-so's help. Wong discovers that Hung-wun's limbs were injured by someone who uses the "Great Strength Vajra Finger", and decides to do a blood transfusion between Hung-chi and Hung-wun.

With the phasing out of transportation, prison sentences became a more common punishment in Ireland. Some prisoners were sentenced to an additional punishment of hard labour during their stay in Lifford. Just as in many other prisons throughout Ireland, this usually consisted of breaking stones which were then used to build and repair roads, or grinding up bones, which would then be used as fertilizer. Another more public punishment was whipping, sometimes performed in the town where the offense was originally committed.

Brixton Prison in London designed by William Cubitt, c1817 British penal treadwheel in Coldbath Fields Prison A penal treadmill was a treadmill with interior steps set into two cast iron wheels. These drove a shaft that could be used to mill corn, pump water or connect to a large fan for resistance. Penal treadmills were used in prisons in the early Victorian period in Britain as a method of exerting hard labour, a form of punishment prescribed in the prisoner's sentence.

Xin Fengxia was pressured to divorce him, but refused. Citing a legendary love story from one of her operas, she said "Wang Baochuan waited 18 years for Xue Pinggui, and I will wait 28 years for Wu Zuguang." As a result, she was herself labeled a rightist and went through struggle sessions. Wu returned to Beijing after three years of hard labour, but six years later, China fell into the even greater turmoil of the Cultural Revolution, which began in 1966.

12 Waldheim was a former Nazi and suspected war criminal, with a record of offending Jewish sensibilities. In 1976, the ongoing Lebanese Civil War led Israel to allow South Lebanese to cross the border and work in Israel. In January 1977, French authorities arrested Abu Daoud, the planner of the Munich massacre, releasing him a few days later. In March 1977 Anatoly Sharansky, a prominent Refusenik and spokesman for the Moscow Helsinki Group, was sentenced to 13 years' hard labour.

The ǃIkora were a nomadic people, who were not bound to any one place for long stretches of time, even then they were considered to be semi-pastoral communities. Many of them shunned life in the Cape Colony because it meant living a life of servitude and hard labour. Instead, they looked northwards for a free life. Their ability to use guns and ride horses effectively were skills adopted under colonial life and these were skills that would prove beneficial to their cause.

The officials agreed to this and a subsequent vote by the miners also approved the terms, with the men returning to work the following day. The terms agreed were an almost complete acceptance of the miners' original demands. Grenfell petitioned the Home Office to free the three officials; on 2 February, after 11 days in prison with hard labour (sewing mail bags), the men received a pardon from George VI and were released. Of those sentenced for participating in the strike only nine paid the fines.

In 1847 the crop failure was less extensive, and death rates had returned to normal; thereafter the government left famine relief to the Central Board. Crop failures continued, but at a reduced level, and the charitable relief programme only ceased upon the near-exhaustion of its funds. One modern historian summarises its evolution: "... gradually it took on the worst features of mid-Victorian philanthropy. At once autocratic and bureaucratic, the Board became a gradgrind employer, paying rock bottom wages in kind for hard labour on public works... ".

The Larceny Act 1901 (1 Edw 7 c 10) was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It created offences of fraudulent conversion. This Act amended sections 75 and 76 of the Larceny Act 1861. It made the offence of fraudulently misappropriating property entrusted to a person by another, or received by him on behalf of another a misdemeanour punishable by penal servitude for a term not exceeding seven years, or by imprisonment, with or without hard labour, for a term not exceeding two years.

This was the first time the military acknowledged extrajudicial killings perpetrated by soldiers during their "clearance operations" in the region. A statement on behalf of the military was posted by Min Aung Hlaing to his Facebook page on 10 April 2018, announcing that seven soldiers had been convicted of murder for their participation in the executions and sentenced to ten years in prison with hard labour in a "remote area". However, they were all released from prison less than a year into their sentences.

In 1934 Guddorf was arrested and sentenced to hard labour. In 1939 after his release from the Sachsenhausen concentration camp, Guddorf worked as a bookseller, and worked closely with Schulze-Boysen. Through such contacts, a loose network formed in Berlin in 1940 and 1941, of seven interconnected groups centered on personal friendships as well as groups originally formed for discussion and education. This disparate network was composed of over 150 Berlin Nazi opponents, including artists, scientists, citizens, workers, and students from several different backgrounds.

Citing a legendary love story from one of her operas, she said "Wang Baochuan waited 18 years for Xue Pinggui, and I will wait 28 years for Wu Zuguang." As a result, she was herself labeled a rightist and went through struggle sessions. Wu returned to Beijing after three years of hard labour, but six years later, China fell into the even greater turmoil of the Cultural Revolution, which began in 1966. Xin Fengxia and Wu Zuguang were both denounced at the beginning of the period.

He was not immediately prosecuted because of his status as a youth international, but was monitored by the police, and arrested 18 months later. Raab was detained and tortured for the next 11 months and eventually sentenced to 15 years of hard labour. Imprisoned in the fortress of Kassel, Raab contemplated suicide but was talked out of it by one of the guards. Raab fabricated a key, escaped and found shelter with a woman whose husband had been shot and killed by the Nazis.

A navvy received between $1 and $2.50 per day, but had to pay for his own food, clothing, transport to the job site, mail and medical care. After 2 months of hard labour, they could net as little as $16. Chinese labourers in British Columbia made only between 75 cents and $1.25 a day, paid in rice mats, and not including expenses, leaving barely anything to send home. They did the most dangerous construction jobs, such as working with explosives to clear tunnels through rock.

Once back in Tasmania, James Montagu Smith deserted from the Sir Robert Seppings. Smith says that all the ship's crew wanted to leave her but that his motive was different to theirs. He wanted to get away from a man that he hated, whereas the others were intent on joining the Victorian gold rush. Smith was so keen to leave the Seppings that he accepted a punishment of one month's jail with hard labour on the treadmill in preference to returning to the ship.

When the turmoil of the Cultural Revolution swept through China, Huang and other engineers came under persecution. In the late 1960s, Huang, together with scientist Qian Lingxi, was attacked for his "reactionary" background and sent to perform hard labour in the countryside, where he spent two years raising pigs. In retrospect, Huang remembered these years as "the only easy time" of his life, as he had no responsibilities other than feeding the pigs. In 1970, the Long March I, China's first nuclear submarine, began maritime tests.

Rustomjee and his property were threatened by the mob but he was unrelenting in his support for Gandhi. Alongside Shapurji Randeria, Dawad Mahomed, N. C. Anglia and others he tested his domiciliary rights in Transvaal in August 1908. He crossed into the Transvaal by rail to protest the racialist Immigration Restriction acts including the Transvaal Asiatic Registration Act. He was arrested on the 27th of August and ordered to leave the colony, but recorded the border and was sentenced to three months of hard labour.

As a conscientious objector during World War I, he was sentenced to hard labour. After release, he was again chair of the Bristol ILP from 1922 until 1925, when he became its secretary. The ILP was affiliated to the Labour Party, and Berriman became president of the Bristol Borough Labour Party in 1924. Berriman served as the representative of the South West district on the National Administrative Council of the ILP from 1927 to 1929, after which he was elected to Bristol City Council.

The main source of income for the people in the rural areas comes from agriculture. Statistics from the Agricultural Ministry show that out of the 140 million farmers in the country, 80% of them are aged 45 and above. With men moving out of the rural areas in large quantities, there will be insufficient people taking over agricultural practices from the ageing farmers. Many attribute this movement of the youths to the manual and hard labour that is required of them to work on farms.

The Ballad of Reading Gaol (1904) The Ballad of Reading Gaol is a poem by Oscar Wilde, written in exile in Berneval-le-Grand, after his release from Reading Gaol () on 19 May 1897. Wilde had been incarcerated in Reading after being convicted of gross indecency with other men in 1895 and sentenced to two years' hard labour in prison. During his imprisonment, on Tuesday, 7 July 1896, a hanging took place. Charles Thomas Wooldridge had been a trooper in the Royal Horse Guards.

Le Petit Journal, 15 November 1908 The Chauffeurs de la Drôme (The Heaters of Drôme) was a gang of four French criminals who were responsible for a wave of theft, torture, and murder in the department of Drôme in southeast France during the early years of the twentieth century. Three were executed in September 1909; the fourth, captured later, was sentenced to life imprisonment with hard labour at the penal colony on Devil's Island, French Guiana, (tantamount to a death sentence, aka "Dry Guillotine"), and died there.

René Caillié was born on 19 November 1799 in Mauzé-sur-le-Mignon, a village in the department of Deux-Sèvres in western France. His father, François Caillé, had worked as a baker but four months before René was born he was accused of petty theft and sentenced to 12 years of hard labour in a penal colony at Rochefort. He died there in 1808, at the age of 46. René's mother, Élizabeth née Lépine, died three years later in 1811 at the age of 38.

His charge was lessened to AWOL once again, but he was sentenced to serve 12 months hard labour. His sentence was suspended a month later, and he was returned to his battalion, from which he immediately left. He was arrested three days later, on January 11, and sentenced to death for desertion. The 25-year-old Private was executed by firing squad at 05:43 on 26 March 1916, and his remains were buried in Trois Arbres Cemetery, Plot III, Row H, Grave 5.

In the camp, he was at first drafted to hard labour but ultimately reassigned to work in the infirmary after falling ill. This second occupation allowed him to read philosophy and literature. In his memoirs, Althusser described the experiences of solidarity, political action, and community in the camp as the moment he first understood the idea of communism. Althusser recalled: "It was in prison camp that I first heard Marxism discussed by a Parisian lawyer in transit—and that I actually met a communist".

The family lived in poverty and the young Riddell was subjected to hard labour during his upbringing. His education progressed slowly, and during his summers he worked as a herd in Deloraine near Buccleuch. He once wrote of his early education saying he progressed as much as any other boy "who love the foot-ball better than the spelling-book." During the winter he and his siblings were educated either at their home by visiting masters or boarded at schools in nearby Roberton or Hawick.

The CRA claimed that he was trying to earn extra money through donations. Four years after this, he was arrested and given 10 years in jail, a labour camp and enforced internal exile for appending his signature on behalf of a Ukrainian nationalist named Valentyn Moroz. He has been sentenced in 1944 to ten years of hard labour in Siberia. He attended pastoral courses and was ordained a deacon in 1959, but the local CROCA plenipotentiary refused to allow him ordination to the priesthood.

Page 174. in 1908, special ‘settlements’ were constructed for the notified tribes where they had to perform hard labour. With subsequent amendments to the Act, punitive penalties were increased, and fingerprinting of all members of the criminal tribe was made compulsory, such tight control according to many scholars was placed to ensure that no future revolts could take place. Many of the tribes were "settled" in villages under the police guard, whose job was to ensure that no registered member of the tribe was absent without notice.

Alexander Smolensky began his business activities on the black market of the so-called "shadow economy". His private ventures included trading foreign currency, moonlighting on a second job in a bakery with a counterfeit permit as well as typesetting and printing Bibles using government presses and ink.Render Unto Caesar: Putin and the Oligarchs By Marshall I. Goldman He was arrested by the KGB in 1981 and charged with economic crimes. Subsequently, he was sentenced to two years of hard labour although he only served one day.

She also operated a fostering service, which placed children with families who received payment for caring for the child. She also procured abortions — both medical (using preparations such as ergot) and surgical (by injecting a solution). The intentional killing of an unborn child was a criminal act in Ireland at that time and remained illegal until 2018. She was sentenced to a year's hard labour in Mountjoy Prison for abandoning and exposing a new-born baby on the side of the road in County Meath.

Here and in the Blankenburger Hof they were severely beaten, some dying as a result. During the Second World War the Blankenburg-Oesig subcamp of Buchenwald concentration camp was set up in the Dr. Dasch (Harzer Werke) Monastery Works and, shortly thereafter, subordinated to Mittelbau-Dora concentration camp. Here some 500 prisoners had to carry out forced labour in the monastery factory and Oda Works. In addition, there was a work camp run by the Gestapo for "half-Jews" who were forced to do hard labour.

In July 1961, Mr Chisembele successfully organised the burning of the colonial identity cards commonly known as "Chitupas" throughout Luapula Province. Mr Chisembele was imprisoned for three months with hard labour in Milima prison in Kasama District. Between 1956 and 1962 Mr Chisembele was many times imprisoned ranging from one month to three months for addressing meetings without a permit and on some occasions for addressing indoor meetings without a permit, although these meetings were of Party members and did not, by law, require any permit.

Additionally, on 28 August, Ravalomanana was sentenced in absentia to hard labour for life for his role in the protests and ensuing deaths. Arrest warrants were also issued for General Heriniaina Roelina and Colonel Anatole Ramlamboarison. Ravalomanana's Tiko Group faced heavy pressure from the transitional government, which in April 2009 demanded that the company pay 35 million US dollars in back taxes or risk being shut down. The AU and SADC set up a Troika, headed by King Mswati of Swaziland, to mediate the conflict.

After two years mending inmates' clothes, he was made to rejoin other prisoners in doing hard labour, crushing rocks in a large pit in the prison yard. Mnangagwa was discharged from Khami on 6 January 1972 and transferred back to Salisbury Central Prison, where he was detained alongside other revolutionaries, including Mugabe, Nkala, Nyagumbo, Tekere and Didymus Mutasa. There, he befriended Mugabe and attended his prison classes, after which he passed his O Levels and A Levels. Together, they studied law via correspondence courses.

Captain Frank Pickersgill (code name: Bertrand) spoke English, French, German, Spanish and Greek. After receiving his MA in classics at U of T in 1938, he went to study in London, England. While travelling in Europe he was interned as an enemy alien by the Germans and put to hard labour. After using a metal file smuggled to him in a loaf of bread to saw his way out of his cell and escape, he returned to Britain, briefing Canadian units on conditions in German-occupied France.

Frederick Harold Peet (born 1890) was a British communist activist. Born in Bethnal Green, Peet became active in the British Socialist Party (BSP), and by the late 1910s was its London District Secretary and a member of its National Organising Committee. A member of the majority in the BSP which opposed World War I,The Labour Who's Who (1927), p.166 he was sentenced to hard labour in Carmarthenshire, his wife and young child having to relocate nearby in order to be able to see him.

Indentured workers who attempted to complain about their living and working conditions were often prosecuted and imprisoned or sentenced to hard labour, as the terms of their contracts barred them from leaving their assigned estates. Magistrates in Saint Vincentian courts were often biased towards plantation owners, as they belonged to the same social class. A group of Indian male labourers protested by marching to Kingstown from their estate in 1861. This was the first known instance of an organized protest by indentured workers in Saint Vincent.

Together, he and his father earned a day from hard labour. In childhood, Singh was interested in painting but gradually he applied himself to a formal education. After successfully persuading Singh's father that his son was worthy of more schooling, Madan Mohan Sharma, the headmaster of a middle school that Singh attended in Jaito, encouraged the young boy to stick with his studies, even though his father thought it was futile. Singh completed his Matric examination while he worked in various day time jobs.

She was eventually caught in 1879 after a doctor was suspicious about the number of child deaths he had been called to certify in Dyer's care. However, instead of being convicted of murder or manslaughter, she was sentenced to six months' hard labour for neglect. The experience allegedly almost destroyed her mentally, though others have expressed incredulity at the leniency of the sentence when compared to those handed out for lesser crimes at that time. Upon release, she attempted to resume her nursing career.

The first attempt at settlement in Newcastle failed in 1802Turner 1973 and the settlement, also known as "Kings Town" and "Coal River" was re- established in 1804, providing hard labour for re-offending convicts following the Irish rebellion at Vinegar Hill. The second settlement (1804) was prompted because of the prospect of coal as a vital resource for the Colony.O'Donnell 1969 After Newcastle was established as a penal settlement, it remained under Colonial administration until 1823. After this time free settlers were introduced into the settlement.

The prison authorities were confused when she was sentenced to one month hard labour and gave her no extra work. She was befriended by the many other prisoners including Dr Alice Stewart Ker who got her to smuggle a letter out to her daughter when Billinghurst was released. On 8 January 1913, she was tried at the Old Bailey and sentenced to eight months in Holloway Prison for damaging letters in a postbox. She subsequently went on hunger strike, and was force-fed along with other suffragettes.

In June 1934, he defended his World and European titles against Angelmann, for the third time, this time, after his previous two wins drawing on points. Brown was sentenced to four months imprisonment with hard labour in August 1934 after being convicted of assault by occasioning bodily harm for biting a piece out of the ear of Louis Tarchman in a Manchester street after Tarchman had called him a "cheese champion". In 1935, Brown was stripped of his European title for not giving Angelmann a return bout.

Even before the SPCC's "oath clause" was passed, another clause was introduced by MP Henry Labouchere late in the evening of 6 August 1885. Labouchere wanted to expand its reach. The clause provided for a term of imprisonment "not exceeding two years", with or without hard labour, for any man found guilty of gross indecency with another male, whether "in public or in private". No definition was given of what, exactly, constituted "gross indecency", as Victorian morality demurred from giving precise descriptions of activity considered immoral.

Clemens Forell is a German Wehrmacht soldier who was captured by the Soviets in 1945. Forell is sentenced to 25 years hard labour for "crimes against the partisans" and sent as part of a large group of prisoners to a Gulag labour camp in the Siberian region of the Soviet Union. After a huge cross-continent railway journey on starvation rations, and a long-cross-country trek by foot into the bleak wilderness, they arrive at the gulag. This is run by a cruel commander, Lieutenant Kamenev.

On 22 December, with other convicts, he was brought to the Semyonov Platz where, after a mock execution ceremony (later described in full detail by Dostoyevsky in his novel The Idiot), was given 4 years of hard labour. This verdict was softened and soon Pleshcheev went to the town of Uralsk where he joined the Special Orenburg Corps as a soldier, starting the service that lasted eight years. Initially life in exile for him was hard and return to writing was out of question.

Ying Bu (died 195 BC) was a warlord and vassal king who lived in the early Han dynasty. He was a native of Lu County (六縣; present-day Lu'an, Anhui). In his early life under the Qin dynasty, Ying Bu was convicted and sentenced to qing (黥; a form of punishment which involved branding a criminal by tattooing his face), so he was also called Qing Bu (). He was then sent to Mount Li to perform hard labour by constructing Qin Shi Huang's mausoleum.

The penalty was imprisonment with or without hard labour for up to three months, or a fine of up to five pounds. Any action done in the course of killing or preparing an animal for food was exempt, as was any act permitted by the Cruelty to Animals Act 1876, or the hunting of any animal provided that it had not been released in a mutilated or injured state. The Act was repealed by the Protection of Animals Act 1911 and the Protection of Animals Act 1912.

Seán McGuinness (died 28 October 1978), also known as John McGuinness, was an Irish republican who was elected to Dáil Éireann but did not take his seat and was later disqualified. He was elected at the 1923 general election as TD for Laois–Offaly, but never took his seat. He was convicted on 29 October 1925 of assaulting, resisting and obstructing a sergeant of the Garda Síochána and of a similar charge relating to a Peace Officer. He was sentenced to 18 months imprisonment with hard labour.

Reeder was placed on trial in Belgium on 9 March 1951 and defended by lawyer Ernst Achenbach. Reeder and Alexander von Falkenhausen were tried for their role in the deportation of more than 30,000 Jews from Belgium, but not for their deaths in Auschwitz. Both were found guilty on 9 July 1951 and sentenced to 12 years hard labour in Germany. On return to West Germany, on 30 July 1951 they were pardoned by Chancellor Konrad Adenauer, and Reeder subsequently retired at his own request.

The disapproval of Douglas' father over Wilde's relationship with his son led to Wilde's prosecution and conviction in 1895 for "gross indecency", that is to say, homosexual behaviour, and a sentence to two years hard labour. Wilde described "the two great turning-points in my life were when my father sent me to Oxford, and when society sent me to prison". After his release from prison, Wilde moved to France and spent the last three years of his life in poverty. He was posthumously pardoned in 2017.

In 1935, he was arrested for the first time, and on 2 October 1936, the Berlin Superior Court of Justice (Kammergericht) sentenced him to two years at hard labour in a Zuchthaus. After being released, Knaack joined the illegal organization around Robert Uhrig. On 26 March 1942, he was once again arrested by the Gestapo and taken to Sachsenhausen concentration camp, where he stayed more than two years until his trial. On 6 July 1944, the Volksgerichtshof handed down a death sentence to Knaack.

The reduced soil protection by vegetation cover, combined with steep slopes and erosive rainfall has led to excessive soil erosion. Nutrients and organic matter were lost and soil depth was reduced. Hence, soil erosion is an important problem, which results in low crop yields and biomass production. Given the strong degradation and thanks to the hard labour of many people in the villages, soil conservation is carried out on a large scale since the 1980s and especially 1980s; this has curbed rates of soil loss.

Mr Kaoze was the embodiment of Roelens' original vision, that had finally come to fruition. On 8 September 1909, Baudouinville celebrated the 25 year priesthood jubilee of Mgr. Roelens, who could look back on two and a half decennia of hard labour with many setbacks but also many great successes.Mgr Huys had returned in time from Europe to take part, and also captain Joubert was present at the festivities Shortly afterwards Mgr Roelens travelled back to Europe for health reasons, this time staying away for three years.

According to Tuđman's own testimony, the Yugoslav President Josip Broz Tito personally intervened to recommend the court to be lenient in his case, sparing him a longer prison sentence. The authorities of SR Croatia additionally intended to prosecute Tuđman on charges of espionage, which carried a sentence of 15–20 years in prison with hard labour, but the charge was commuted by Tito. Other sources mention that Miroslav Krleža, a writer, lobbied on Tuđman's behalf. According to Tuđman, he and Tito were close friends.

The words put in the mouths of the hero and his young friend in the story are mostly gathered from the sayings of their originals. Robert Hichens spent nearly a year "in the company of the men" and was able to accurately recreate the atmosphere and relationship between Oscar and Bosie. The book was withdrawn from circulation in 1895, but by that time the damage had been done. Wilde soon stood two consecutive trials for gross indecency and was sentenced to two years at hard labour.

When computers were human (an incorrect date of 1938 for this visit is given in the following timeline: Computing at Columbia Timeline) In October 1936, he was arrested and then sentenced to 10 years hard labour (this was part of 'the Pulkovo persecutions', when a great many astronomers suffered repressions).Russian Wiki He had been accused of being a spy in the pay of Germany. The basis of this accusation rested on the fact that German astronomers had named an asteroid after him (also see 1206 Numerowia).

In 1953, he was sentenced to fifteen years hard labour for this activity, although he was released after three years. He then moved to Frankfurt in West Germany, and found work with the Bundesbank. Kersten retained his interest in trade unionism, and in 1960 he began working for the European Trade Union Secretariat, then in 1965 moved to the German Trade Union Confederation, where he reorganised the international department. He became the secretary of the department, and also the chair of the confederation's International and European Committee.

Just as the first shots were about to be fired, a message from the tsar arrived commuting the sentences to hard labour in Siberia. Originally sent to Tobolsk, Speshnev served most of his ten year sentence at the Nerchinsky mines. He was granted amnesty in 1856 but had to remain in exile and served in the local administration for a time before settling in Irkutsk. Here he befriended the renowned liberal governor-general of Eastern Siberia, Nikolay Muravyov- Amursky, and became part of his administration.

The main difficulty was to make it possible for the railway line to leave the gorges of the Congo River, through the canyon the M'pozo River and a passage along the Monts de Cristal. The hard labour on the railway line is mentioned by Joseph Conrad in his novel Heart of Darkness, which he witnessed when he worked in the Congo Free State. It is also shown in the 2016 movie The Legend of Tarzan. Started in 1890, the railway line was completed in 1898.

Habitual offenders would be classified in the Recidivist class. Care was taken to ensure that convicts in one class did not mix with convicts in another. Penal servitude included hard labour as a standard feature. Although it was prescribed for severe crimes (e.g. rape, attempted murder, wounding with intent, by the Offences against the Person Act 1861) it was also widely applied in cases of minor crime, such as petty theft and vagrancy, as well as victimless behaviour deemed harmful to the fabric of society.

James Munro was born in Armadale, Sutherland, Scotland, to Donald Munro and his wife, Georgina. At eighteen, he worked on his father's station wagon, leaving home at three in the morning to do hard labour for six hours. James Munro's grandparents were an Alexander Munro of the family of Foulis, Ross-shire and Barbara Mackay, a relative of the chief of Clan Mackay. After a primary education at a village school in Armadale, Sutherland he left home for Edinburgh and joined a firm of publishers.

At his first court-martial, US Marine Sergeant James Wayne Killen was charged with premeditated murder and was alleged to have been aiming for his commanding officer, Major Roger E. Simmons. Killen was convicted of the unpremeditated murder of Wayne; he was stripped of all service privileges, dishonourably discharged and sentenced to 20 years hard labour. Killen denied all murder claims but admitted to drinking heavily on the night. After the autopsy in Saigon, Wayne's body was returned to Sydney and cremated according to Anglican rites.

That month, Ion Mihalache attempted to flee the country in an airplane, which landed at Tămădău, allegedly to establish a government-in-exile (see Tămădău Affair). That was judged as an act of treason, and both Maniu and Mihalache faced a kangaroo court that sentenced them to life imprisonment at hard labour; given their advanced age, that amounted to a death sentence. The show trial, signaling the suppression of opposition groups, was a significant step towards the establishment of an undisguised Communist regime in Romania.

Casserly served with the 2nd, 5th and 16th Railway Transport Units in Belgium and France. He also served as a sapper supporting Australian and British forces fighting in Ypres, Armentières and Amiens. Casserly was court-martialled on 18 May 1918 on a charge of "When on active service, using violence to his superior officer in that he 'in the field' on 5 May 1918 violently assaulted Sgt A.G. Riddie". He was found guilty of the charge and was sentenced to 12 months 'IHL' ('In Hard Labour').

Following a change in attitudes and the law, she became the last woman to be publicly executed in England. Less severe punishments included flogging (usually up to 20 lashes applied) and solitary confinement, as well as the daily routine of a six-hour shift spent on the treadmill for those prisoners set to hard labour. In his 1899 novel The Orange Girl, Walter Besant begins with its protagonist, William Halliday, a musician disinherited by his wealthy family, in the Rules of King's Bench Prison in London.

He was promoted to Major in 1946 but after the 1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état the Communists purged Bryks and many other officers who had served in Free Czechoslovak units under French or UK command. In 1949 the Communists sentenced Bryks to 10 years in prison and stripped him of his rank and medals. In 1950 20 years' hard labour and a heavy fine were added to his original sentence. In 1952 he was moved to a prison where he was forced to work in a uranium mine.

Inspired by Jean-François Millet, who he saw as the "eternal master" of the peasant genre, van Gogh saw the peasants as pious people ennobled by their hard labour and depicted them in several of what he called his 'clog works'. Nanny Schrijvers, in Vrouwenrechten geweld aangedaan, 2005, p. 30-31. In mid July 1885 he produced "six or so large canvases", including The Potato Eaters. He then decided to "only make small works for now", meaning figure studies such as Peasant Woman Digging Up Potatoes.

The purpose of these penal settlements was to remove the convict to a place of isolation from the rest of the free population, to keep them at hard labour, as a deterrent to others. Even with the end of transportation in 1840, Cockatoo Island in Sydney was still planned as a place of secondary punishment in 1839, closing in 1869. Port Macquarie was like most of the other places of secondary punishment, in fact also similar to some of the first penal settlements in New South Wales.

His lectures on rationalism and scepticism, and anti-Christian pamphlets, saw him jailed for blasphemy in 1911. Liberal Prime Minister H. H. Asquith was one of a group of Members of Parliament who proposed an ultimately unsuccessful piece of legislation to abolish blasphemy offences. Gott was jailed again ten years later for a pamphlet showing Jesus as a clown, and died in 1922 soon after his nine-month sentence which included hard labour despite his worsening physical condition. There was a public backlash against his sentence.

All statutory provisions relating to the use of burial registers as evidence were to apply to these registers. Any breach of these regulations, or burning of human remains outside of the provisions of the Act, would be liable, on summary conviction, to a penalty of up to fifty pounds. Any person found guilty of wilfully making any false representations in order to procure the burning of human remains would be liable to imprisonment with or without hard labour for up to two years; and any person found guilty of attempting to conceal an offence by attempting to procure the burning of human remains would be liable to imprisonment with or without hard labour for up to five years. The incumbent of a parish was not under any obligation to perform a funeral service for those dying in his parish who were to be cremated; but if he refused to do so, any cleric of the Established Church who was not otherwise disabled from doing so could perform the service at the request of the executor, the persons in charge of the cremation, or the burial authority, with permission from the bishop.

Portrait of 'Gliddon by Walter Sickert - Davis & Langdale Company, Inc In addition, both Gliddon and Sickert were members of the New English Art Club. In March 1912 she smashed the window of a Post Office in Wimpole Street and was arrested and sentenced to two months imprisonment with hard labour in Holloway PrisonEngland, Suffragettes Arrested, 1906-1914 for Catherine Gray: HO 45/24665: Suffragettes: Amnesty of August 1914: Index of Women Arrested, 1906-1914 - Ancestry.com which she served during March and April 1912. Expecting to be imprisoned for her actions Gliddon had sewn pencils into the collar of her coat and used these to write and illustrate a secret prison diary in the margins of her copy of The Poetical Works of Percy Bysshe Shelley.Anne Schwan, 'Bless the Gods for my pencils and paper’: Katie Gliddon's prison diary, Percy Bysshe Shelley and the suffragettes at Holloway' - Women's History Review, Volume 22, 2013 - Issue 1, Pages 148-167: Published online 07 December 2012 Gliddon's sentence of hard labour was sewing and she wrote in her prison diary that she deliberately sewed badly.Elizabeth Chapman, "The Women’s Library Moves: Deeds Not Words", (2013).

Ophelia spends the first sixteen years of her life in the bunker, where she calmly accepts the restrictions on her life. But other youngsters, in particular an Anglo-American youth named Dwight Allison, are not so accepting. Under the influence of Bill's teachings, Dwight has come to believe that General MacAllister, the man in charge of the bunker, has too much authority and, one day, spray-paints a slogan denouncing MacAllister as a "fascist pig". As a punishment, Dwight is sentenced to a year of hard labour and expelled from school.

Although there was no plausible evidence at all against him, he was in April 1804 exiled by King to Norfolk Island, and there put to hard labour. In his Memoirs, Holt wrote a considerable amount on the horrors he saw at Norfolk Island under Commandant Joseph Foveaux. Whereas other histories merely describe Foveaux as some able and efficient administrator who became Lieutenant-Governor at Norfolk Island, Holt saw him far less blandly than that. Holt graphically described Foveaux as the greatest tyrant that he (Holt) had ever known.

However, picketing remained illegal, with the Criminal Law Amendment Act 1871 making it a specific criminal offence punishable by three months' hard labour in prison.William Edward Hartpole Lecky, Democracy and Liberty: Volume II (Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 1981), pp. 376–77. The Ballot Act 1872 was also passed, which established secret ballots for general and local elections. The Licensing Act 1872 restricted the opening hours in public houses; regulated the content of beer; gave local authorities the power to determine licensing hours and gave boroughs the option of banning all alcohol.

Fearing a similar end, about a hundred males involved in same-sex prostitution sailed to Sicily the following day. Under a code introduced by Grand Master António Manoel de Vilhena in 1724, married men of means were fined if found guilty of use of the service of a prostitute, and expelled from the country on the third conviction. Lower-class men were whipped and sentenced to hard labour on the third offence. The 1784 code of Emmanuel de Rohan-Polduc barred foreign prostitutes from entering the country and placed restrictions on Maltese prostitutes.

Johann Most, a former German parliamentarian, and the editor of Freiheit, became prominent in the Rose Street Club. In 1881, he was sentenced to hard labour for publishing an article calling for assassinations of rulers; Kitz then took over the editorship for a short time. In 1880, Kitz merged the Rose Street Club with Joseph Lane's Homerton Social Democratic Club. This was closed by police in 1882, by which time the two had founded the Labour Emancipation League (LEL), a libertarian socialist organisation, which merged into the Social Democratic Federation two years later.

The film is based on the true story of Margaret Humphreys, a social worker from Nottingham who uncovered the scandal of "home children", a scheme of forcibly relocating poor children from the United Kingdom to Australia and Canada. Margaret reunites estranged families, who are situated in Australia and the U.K., and brings worldwide attention to the cause. Deported children were promised oranges and sunshine but they got hard labour and life in institutions such as Keaney College in Bindoon, Western Australia. Many were given to the Congregation of Christian Brothers, where they were repeatedly raped.

The Times thought the piece "a very entertaining piece of nonsense … Miss Mary Brough bounces through it all with hearty accomplishment; Miss Winifred Shotter decorates it prettily; Mr. Gordon James and Mr. Robertson Hare contribute the farce of solemnity … Mr. Walls and Mr. Lynn at Scotland Yard are delightful"."Aldwych Theatre", The Times, 27 June 1928, p. 4 The Observer critic wrote of his "grateful laughter", found the entire cast "in tip-top form" and predicted "A year's hard labour" for them all."Plunder", The Observer, 1 July 1928, p.

Hitler was offered the job of vice-chancellor by Chancellor Papen at the behest of President Hindenburg but he refused. Hitler saw this offer as placing him in a position of "playing second fiddle" in the government. In his position of Reichstag president, Göring asked that decisive measures be taken by the government over the spate in murders of Nazi Party members. On 9 August, amendments were made to the Reichstrafgesetzbuch statute on "acts of political violence", increasing the penalty to "lifetime imprisonment, 20 years hard labour[,] or death".

As punishment for escaping and for the robberies committed while on the run, Johns received five years' hard labour on top of his remaining sentence. Extraordinary measures were taken to ensure that Johns did not escape again. He was sent to Fremantle Prison, and kept in the yard with his neck chained to the iron bar of a window, while a special "escape- proof" cell was made for him. The stone-walled cell was lined with jarrah sleepers and over one thousand nails, and was almost air-proof and light- proof.

Ryan himself rose to the rank of Brigadier, was seriously wounded in March 1937 at Jarama, and was captured in March 1938 on the Ebro. He was tried and sentenced to death, though this was later commuted to thirty years hard labour in January 1940. As part of an international agreement, the Spanish republican government called upon the International Brigades to withdraw in 1938.O'Riordan p134 The Connollys returned to Ireland, where many were treated as pariahs for their efforts.“Irish Involvement in the Spanish Civil War 1936-39” rte.ie.

She went on hunger strike for four days and was force-fed in prison. Once in imprisonment she had to read only the Bible and a book called 'How to have a Happy Home and Keep It. Another time she criticised the Prison Governor for not removing his hat to address her. Crocker was arrested eight times for suffragette activism and on 1 March 2012 went to Holloway Prison to serve three months with hard labour. Her crime was breaking the Post Office windows with Nellie Taylor in Kings Road.

Whalley enlisted as a reservist in the Loyal North Lancashire Regiment of the British Army in November 1913, whilst working as a cotton spinner. After Britain's declaration of war on Germany in August 1914, he was mobilised and arrived on the Western Front one month later. Whalley saw action through the winter operations of 1914–1915, but was court-martialed in January 1915 for falling asleep at his post. He was sentenced to one year's hard labour and owing to a case of trench foot, he was moved from Rouen to Britain.

After escaping his accusers, he walked 160 kilometres (100 mi) to Lyttelton, where he was caught by the police. He was subsequently sentenced to five years hard labour after being found guilty by a Lyttelton Supreme Court jury in April 1855. He escaped from prison on at least two occasions, in May and June 1855, neither escape lasting more than three days, after which he was placed in irons and closely watched. In September 1855, the Christchurch resident magistrate investigated Mckenzie's case and found serious flaws in the police inquiry and trial.

He was also a discreet but active homosexual. In 1909 he visited Venice with his friend James Cockerton, meeting the writer Frederick Rolfe and becoming the reluctant recipient of Rolfe's famous Venice Letters, in which the gay subculture of Venice is vividly described. In 1912–13 Fox was blackmailed by a woman who accused him of seducing her 16-year-old son. Eventually Fox reported the matter to the police and the woman was sent to prison for five years and her son for one year, with hard labour.

He successfully escaped in 1843 by swimming the channel; two other convicts who accompanied him were eaten by sharks. His new bushranging career ended that November when he was captured and sentenced to twelve months hard labour and solitary confinement. The following year, William Champ, Port Arthur's new commandant, promoted Westwood to his boat crew, and approved his removal to Glenorchy on probation after the convict rescued two drowning men. Within several months, he returned to bushranging, and after his capture in September 1845 outside Hobart, was transported for life to Norfolk Island.

The Secularist: A Liberal Weekly Review (1876-1877), Foote's first attempt to launch his own publication, in collaboration with George Jacob Holyoake, did not last long. In May, 1881, Foote started a serial publication called The Freethinker, which is still published. As a result of contents of this journal, Foote was charged with blasphemy, and eventually imprisoned for one year with hard labour. On receiving his sentence from Mr Justice North (a devout Catholic), Foote said "with great deliberation" to the Judge "My Lord, I thank you; it is worthy of your creed".

The York and Ainsty Hunt, 1899 Yorkshire Naturalists' Union, 1903 In 1856, James Frankland, Thomas Jackson and James Kendrew were sentenced to three, six and four months imprisonment with hard labour, respectively, for poaching at Farnham Mires and for beating those who tried to apprehend them. In the 19th century, Farnham Mires was located in fox hunting country, it being close to Scriven Park. The York and Ainsty Hunt used to find foxes there. However, by the end of the 19th century, attention was turning to the botanical value of the site.

Richard and his father were carrying on the trade of butchers in Sydney on 2 July 1828 when both were charged with stealing five head of cattle from a herd at Richmond. On 15 September 1828, William was sentenced to 14 years on Norfolk Island and Richard, at the age of 16, was sentenced to death. His sentence was commuted to seven years hard labour in chains at Moreton Bay under Captain Patrick Logan, where he arrived on 24 January 1829, one of 137 felons aboard the Edinburgh.

In applying for the film, Mantle sent off photographs of himself from a RADA play he had once starred in, sporting a similar shaven look. In an interview at the time, he spoke of his role in Alien 3: > I'm playing a heinous criminal. In fact, there are about 12 or 15 of us, the > last remaining prisoners on a prison asteroid, which is hurtling through > space. It was a hard labour prison, which is about the best place to send > all your hardened, nastiest pieces of work.

Fremantle Prison whipping post. Once common in the British Army and British Royal Navy as a means of discipline, flagellation also featured prominently in the British penal colonies in early colonial Australia. Given that convicts in Australia were already "imprisoned", punishments for offenses committed there could not usually result in imprisonment and thus usually consisted of corporal punishment such as hard labour or flagellation. Unlike Roman times, British law explicitly forbade the combination of corporal and capital punishment; thus, a convict was either flogged or hanged but never both.

He was offered senior judicial positions in Mauritius and Cyprus, but turned them down. In August 1931 his appointment as Attorney-General was terminated by the Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies, who cited "the peculiar racial and political conditions of Palestine, and the difficulties with which the Administration has in consequence to bear." In November 1929, Bentwich was shot in the thigh by a 17-year-old Arab employee of the Palestine Police. His assailant was sentenced to 15 years hard labour, despite Bentwich personally advocating for him.

With the onset of ore mining a new line of commerce developed, but the hard labour and high risks involved meant that it was only work for young and strong men. Many were injured or died as a result of accidents. The miners rose early in the morning whilst it was still dark in order to go to work and did not return home again until late in the evening after dark. From those times comes a custom that has survived to the present day, the practice of placing lights in the window.

Following the outbreak of World War II and the division of Poland between Germany and the Soviet Union, he fled to Bukhara, where he taught Hebrew. In 1944, he was arrested by the Soviet authorities and accused of Zionist and Counter-revolutionary activities. He was initially sentenced to death, but the sentence was commuted to five to ten years hard labour, which he served in the coals mines in the Arctic region of the northern Urals. In 1957, he returned to Warsaw and, in 1960, he emigrated to Israel and settled in Jerusalem.

In 1810, the Governors of the House Industry situated on North Brunswick Street were instructed by the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland to purchase land for the construction of a penitentiary. The purpose of the penitentiary was to provide a custodial and rehabilitative alternative to the transportation of prisoners to Botany Bay, Australia. It was hoped that through solitary confinement, hard labour and religious instruction that prisoners might be reformed. They obtained a three half acre site from Lord Monck in Grangegorman which was at that time planted with apple and pear trees.

The Hay Gaol was officially opened in late 1880. A proclamation by the Governor of the Colony of New South Wales dated 21 December 1880 declared the "New Gaol at Hay" to be a "Public Gaol, Prison and House of Correction". A separate notice in the Government Gazette stated that the new gaol "has been appointed a place at which male offenders under order or sentence or sentence of transportation... shall be detained and be liable to be kept to hard labour".New South Wales Government Gazette, No. 508, 24 December 1880, p. 6641.

Soon after joining Rose Street, he began publishing the radical newspaper (English: Freedom). The first issue was January 1879, and it saw immediate popularity; by December that year, it had a relatively large readership in Germany. Most was an advocate of the propaganda of the deed, and in one of his most famous articles he approved of the assassination of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia, for which he was prosecuted in the British courts. Even though he was sentenced to 16-months' hard labour, survived, and continued a similar editorial line.

However, despite Barker's efforts, Fort Wellington was also abandoned in August 1829. In 1826, two privates of the 57th Regiment, Joseph Sudds and Patrick Thompson, concluded that the life of a soldier was worse than that of a prisoner and decided to rob a Sydney shop in order to become convicts. Their scheme incensed Ralph Darling, the then Governor of New South Wales, who ordered them to 7 years hard labour, strapped in irons, chains and spiked collars. Sudds soon died and the resultant controversy saw Governor Darling labelled a tyrant in the colonial press.

Opened on 1 September 1941 as a forced- labour camp (Arbeitslager), Treblinka I replaced an ad hoc company set up in June 1941 by Sturmbannführer Ernst Gramss. A new barracks and barbed wire fencing tall were erected in late 1941. To obtain the workforce for Treblinka I, civilians were sent to the camp en masse for real or imagined offences, and sentenced to hard labour by the Gestapo office in Sokołów, which was headed by Gramss. The average length of a sentence was six months, but many prisoners had their sentences extended indefinitely.

In 1924, he and Archie Kyle, a former Rangers player, were found guilty of attempting to bribe Bo'ness player Peter Brown in a public house in Glasgow's Dundas Street: both men were sentenced to 60 days' hard labour. Browning's son of the same name was also a footballer;Senior Football Players from the Vale of Leven in the 20th Century Johnny Browning (Outside left: Dumbarton Harp, Vale of Leven, Celtic, Chelsea, Dumbarton. Senior career 1910 - 1924), The Vale of Leven in addition to playing for Liverpool he also appeared for Dumbarton.

By 1935 Messali Hadj reorganised the "Étoile Nord-Africaine" (ENA) party and distanced it from the French communists by presenting it as an Algerian nationalist organisation called the "Union Nationale des Musulmans Nord-Africains". However, whilst he was in temporary exile in Geneva, Switzerland, Messali Hadj met Shakib Arslan and reoriented from Marxism to Pan-Arabism and Islamism. Consequently, Messali Hadj reorganised his nationalist movement as the "Parti du Peuple Algérien" (PPA) in March 1937. However, in March 1941 Messali Hadj was tried by a Vichy court and sentenced to 16 years of hard labour.

Nakane served Edo Bakufu as a kachi- metsuke (徒士目), an infantry officer, and became an infantry commandant in the last days of the Edo period. After the Meiji Restoration, Nakane followed Tokugawa Yoshinobu to Suruga (駿河, now Shizuoka prefecture), and worked there at the Numazu Military Academy (沼津兵学校). In 1873, Nakane was called to the Staff Bureau of Military (陸軍参謀局), and served as a major. In the winter of 1876, he contracted a disease, and became incapable of performing any further physical hard labour.

In the 1881 census, the couple were recorded as living with two of their children, Mary Ann and George, and Pickingill was again identifying as a labourer. On 17 August 1887, a homeless man named James Taylor stole a jacket and pair of leather gloves from Pickingill. Taylor was arrested and brought to trial in Rochford on 24 August; in October, he pleaded guilty to the theft of the jacket, although not to those of the other items. He was sentenced to six months imprisonment with hard labour.

Amnesty International summarized the human rights situation in Yodok camp: "Men, women and children in the camp face forced hard labour, inadequate food, beatings, totally inadequate medical care and unhygienic living conditions. Many fall ill while in prison, and a large number die in custody or soon after release." The organization demands the immediate closure of Yodok and all other political prison camps in North Korea. The demand was supported by the International Coalition to Stop Crimes against Humanity in North Korea, a coalition of over 40 human rights organizations.

Frame, No Pleasure Cruise, p. 130 After addressing the sailors, Cumberledge gathered the ship's senior officers for an inquiry. Five men, including the Victoria Cross nominee from the Zeebrugge raid, were charged with inciting a mutiny and arrested pending a court- martial, which was held aboard on 20 June, after Australia arrived in Sydney. The ruling was that the five men had "joined a mutiny, not accompanied by violence", and they were sentenced to imprisonment in Goulburn Gaol: two for a year, one for eighteen months, and two for two years with hard labour.

William Dodd, a shop assistant got three months' hard labour. The rest of the defendants were either found not guilty or received much shorter sentences, which with time served resulted in their immediate release. They were mostly in their early twenties and the occupations included: artist, window dresser, waiter, messenger, dancing partner, painter, school master, traveller, milliner, clerk and salesman. In his final comments, the judge described the club as "A foul den of iniquity which was corrupting the youth of London""Old Bailey Recorder Says Raided Club Was a 'Den of Iniquity'".

Prisoners at what came to be called HM Prison Pentridge were immediately put on "hard labour" by breaking up bluestone for road surfaces. In 1867 a public meeting was called to change the name of the district, as residents were stigmatised and embarrassed at living in a suburb principally known for its gaol, Pentridge Prison. Robert Mailer of Glencairn suggested that the suburb name be changed to Coburg, inspired by the impending visit to the colony of the Duke of Edinburgh, who was a member of the royal house of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.

On 1 May 1946, he was sentenced to ten years' hard labour. He was released in late 1952, after serving six and a half years. May refused to define his actions as treason, claiming in a statement after his release from prison that he believed he had "acted rightly" and had acted as a spy because of being "wholeheartedly concerned with securing victory over Nazi Germany and Japan, and the furtherance of the development of the peaceful uses of atomic energy.""Did No Wrong, Nunn May Insists; Hopes to Serve 'Fellow Men'".

In 2008 Terre Des Hommes-Lausanne brought a defamation suit against a teacher in Ethiopia, Jill Campbell, for accusing the branch of knowingly hiding child abuse in one of its centres in the village of Jari. Mrs Campbell compiled evidence which helped to convict a British paedophile who was sentenced in 2003 to 9 years hard labour in prison. Another suspect committed suicide after posting a confession on the internet. However Mrs Campbell alleged that senior staff running the centre knew of the abuse, covered it up and failed to inform the authorities.

The Belfast Protestant Association was a populist evangelical political movement in the early 20th-century. The Association was founded in the last years of the 19th century by Arthur Trew, a former shipyard worker, who had become an evangelical Protestant preacher and made fiercely anti-Catholic speeches on the steps of Belfast Customs House.John F. Harbinson, The Ulster Unionist Party, 1882-1973, p.223 In 1901, Trew was sentenced to twelve months' hard labour after he incited his supporters to riot in opposition to a Roman Catholic Corpus Christi procession in the city.

He was sentenced to death, but this was commuted to ten years hard labour. After he returned early he was consecrated a bishop, but was then arrested and exiled to Solovki in 1931. He returned again in 1934 and then went into hiding, but he was caught and sent to another concentration camp. He was released shortly before the war broke out and was told by his camp administrator that he could have safety and job security if he agreed to remain in the area of the camps and give up the priesthood.

O'Daire worked for a year clearing land but by the time his land was ready to farm, the Great Depression had hit and he was unable to start his farm. A disgruntled O'Daire began agitating against the Canadian government and began helping to organise labour protests. His military experience lead the authorities to consider him a dangerous threat and by 1933 O'Daire found himself arrested and imprisoned on charges of provoking a riot in Saskatchewan. O'Daire served 15 months doing hard labour in a Canadian prison before being deported to Liverpool, England in 1934.

Thousands had been arrested, including 22 Europeans, Germans, French, and Italians among them. In December 1970 the Archbishop of Conakry, Raymond-Marie Tchidimbo, was sentenced to hard labour for refusing to read government documents from the pulpit calling on Christians to support the government against foreign imperialism. He and at least a thousand other political prisoners remained detained in 1977. A report published in June 1977 by the International League for Human Rights estimated the number of political prisoners at over 3000, alleging prisoners were subject to starvation, torture, murder, and arbitrary execution.

TGV candidate Hery Rajaonarimampianina was elected president in January 2014, defeating Jean-Louis Robinson, the candidate of Marc Ravalomanana's camp. Upon attempting to return to Madagascar in October 2014 Ravalomanana was arrested, having been sentenced in absentia to lifelong hard labour for abuses of power by the Rajoelina administration. After his sentence was lifted and he was freed from house arrest in May 2015, Ravalomanana recommenced broadcasts at his MBS radio station, announced the re-opening of the TIKO business group, and was re-elected the president of TIM.

Judge Martin Sinfield orchestrated the removal of Chief Judge Hershey from office in a recall election, replacing her with Judge Dan Francisco. Francisco appointed Sinfield deputy chief judge, in which capacity Sinfield posted Judge Dredd to an assignment in the Cursed Earth. Sinfield then drugged Francisco with a mind-control drug and ordered him to resign. Sinfield's coup was eventually discovered by Judges Dredd, Logan and Buell, and he was deposed by the Council of Five and sentenced to 20 years' hard labour in the prison on Titan.

At the 1885 general election Cooke was elected as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Newington West in South London, where he was re-elected in 1886, but did not contest the seat at the 1892 general election. He returned to Parliament the following year, when he was elected at a by-election in August 1893 as the MP for Hereford and became known as the MP for Cider. He retired from the Commons at the 1900 general election. His book Four Years in Parliament With Hard Labour was republished in 2008.

Amnesty International summarises the human rights situation North Korea's kwalliso camps: "Men, women and children in the camp face forced hard labour, inadequate food, beatings, totally inadequate medical care and unhygienic living conditions. Many fall ill while in prison, and a large number die in custody or soon after release." The organization demands the immediate closure of all other political prison camps in North Korea. The demand is supported by the International Coalition to Stop Crimes against Humanity in North Korea, a coalition of over 40 human rights organizations.

The justice referendum of 1999 was a Citizens Initiated Referendum held in New Zealand on 27 November 1999, based on the question: > "Should there be a reform of our justice system placing greater emphasis on > the needs of victims, providing restitution and compensation for them and > imposing minimum sentences and hard labour for all serious violent > offences?" As a citizens initiated referendum, the results of the vote were non-binding on the New Zealand government. As a result, the changes suggested in the referendum question were not implemented.

He was sentenced to three years' hard labour at Alcatraz. However, Buwalda was pardoned by President Theodore Roosevelt after serving only 10 months in prison."Emma Goldman and Reitman in Trouble", Los Angeles Herald, Volume 36, Number 107, January 16, 1909 According to Gen. Funston, who reduced Buwalda’s sentence to three years, “the first duty of an officer or an enlisted man is unquestioned obedience and loyalty to the government, and it makes no difference whether he approves of that government or not.” Thus Funston stamps the true character of allegiance.

He condemned in absentia to hard labour by a French court, and became national co-director of the armed organisation 'Combattants of the Liberation', which was the Algerian Communist Party's armed wing and was cooperating with the much larger nationalist guerilla force: the National Liberation Front, but without being a part of it. With his fellow communist friend Bachir Hadj Ali he negotiated in April, June, and July 1956 with the representatives of the National Liberation Front (Benyoucef Ben Khedda and Abane Ramdane) regarding the integration of the Communist troops into the FLN forces.

Canilla was sent back to his church on 2 March 1881 now that the Governor was under strict instruction to install him in his church. The police could not be relied upon and twenty soldiers were quickly appointed as extra policeman. When the new force came to the church they found it was occupied by 200 men and the police had to make four dozen arrests to establish order. The following trials saw these people given fines and warnings and one person was given six months hard labour.

Others like Sheyin (AKA Mashayi) and five others were convicted of unlawfully assaulting the police and resisting authority and sentenced to two to six months imprisonment with hard labour. The British knew what to do but refused to ensure that justice was done instead continued to promote feudal tyranny against the Atyap. Usman Sakwat and 12 other Bajju were also thrown into prison for an entire year. In January 1954, soldiers were sent to Zangon Katab town by the British to avert an impending attack by Atyap and Bajju extremist groups against the Hausa population.

A military court sentenced the Arnăuțoiu brothers to be shot alongside 14 villagers who had supplied them with food, medicine, clothing, a radio set, or weapons. The brothers were convicted of “acts of terror committed as part of an armed anti-communist resistance group”. The group was executed in the Jilava prison on the night of 18/19 July 1959; Arnăuțoiu was shot at the order of the prison commander, lieutenant colonel Mihai Gheorghiu. More than 100 locals were sentenced to prison terms ranging from one year to hard labour for life.

He fled to Germany in 1944 and attempted to continue publishing Le Petit Parisien, but was soon captured and sent back to France where he was sentenced to hard labour for life for his collaborationism. Despite his life sentence Jeantet was released after a few years and he returned to political involvement. Taking up his pen once again he wrote for a number of far right journals, including the monarchist papers La France Réelle from 1951 and Aspects de la France from 1956 to 1965. He also became a vocal supporter of Poujadism.

He believed that he had had neither fair hearing nor adequate defence counsel. Imprisoned at Millbank, Dartmoor, and Portsmouth, Davitt was held for months in solitary confinement and endured hard labour and poor rations that permanently damaged his health. However, he frequently broke the prison rules and his main objection was that he was treated the same as criminals even though he considered himself a political prisoner. In 1872, he smuggled a letter out of the prison which was published in several newspapers and led to an inquiry by the Home Secretary into his allegations.

There, young cadets would be selected for their talents in different areas to train as engineers, artisans, riflemen, clerics, archers, artillery, and so forth. Janissaries trained under strict discipline with hard labour and in practically monastic conditions in acemi oğlan ("rookie" or "cadet") schools, where they were expected to remain celibate. Unlike other Muslims, they were expressly forbidden to wear beards, only a moustache. These rules were obeyed by Janissaries, at least until the 18th century when they also began to engage in other crafts and trades, breaking another of the original rules.

This scheme had been introduced by the Penal Servitude Act 1853 to relieve prison overcrowding. This had been caused by the cessation, in most cases, of transportation to Australia as a punishment and its replacement with penal servitude (imprisonment with hard labour), of a minimum sentence of three years. The ticket of leave scheme was one of the first uses of release on licence for prisoners in the United Kingdom. Newspapers reported that violent crime, previously considered a problem only in working class areas of the city, was spreading to middle class neighbourhoods.

At first he went into hiding for several months, but finally gave himself up when his family was threatened with reprisals. Thaler received a sentence of 10 years’ imprisonment in Dachau concentration camp from a military court. In December 1944 he was taken to Dachau and then, in the same month, to Hersbruck, a subsidiary camp of Flossenbürg concentration camp, where he then had to do hard labour. He was later brought back to Dachau. On 29 April 1945 the concentration camp in Dachau was liberated by American troops.

When Dummy didn't, he was thrown into a nearby brook as an "ordeal by water", he was also severely beaten with sticks before eventually being taken to a workhouse in Halstead where he died of pneumonia. Following an investigation by authorities, Emma Smith, the woman who said Dummy ‘cursed’ her with a condition known as Lyme disease, and Samuel Stammers, who was a master carpenter and also friends with Smith, were charged with his death and tried at the Chelmsford Assizes, where they were sentenced to six months hard labour on 8 March 1864.

She came to strongly believe that working women should have the choice to become pregnant and to terminate their pregnancy while they worked in the horrible circumstances surrounding a pregnant woman who was still required to do hard labour during her pregnancy.Jones, Greta. "Women and eugenics in Britain: The case of Mary Scharlieb, Elizabeth Sloan Chesser, and Stella Browne." Annals of Science 52 no. 5 (1995):481-502 In this case she argued that doctors should give free information about birth control to women that wanted to know about it.

Part VIII specified the penalties for felonies for which no punishment was explicitly prescribed: imprisonment for up to two years, together with flogging for male offenders only, or transportation for up to seven years. Part IX allowed the imposition of hard labour as part of custodial sentences. Part X permitted consecutive sentences to be imposed on felons. Part XI provided for increased penalties (imprisonment for up to seven years or transportation for life) for repeat offenders, and made it a felony for any court official to produce fraudulent evidence of previous convictions.

In Manchuria, he also became one of the leaders of the considerable Polish diaspora and published his first novel in Polish, Noc (Night). He also got involved in the Main Revolutionary Committee, a leftist organisation that tried to take power in Manchuria during the Revolution of 1905. After the failure of the revolution, Ossendowski organised a strike against the brutal repressions in Congress Poland for which he was arrested. A military tribunal sentenced him to death for conspiracy against the tsar, but his sentence was later commuted to several years' hard labour.

Prior to the novel's action, MacMurrough has served a prison sentence in England of two years' hard labour for acts of gross indecency with a chauffeur-mechanic boy. As he returns to Ireland, his previous cellmate Scrotes follows in his mind, providing an internal ghostly friend, supporting the soliloquizing of MacMurrough. He stays at the home of his nationalist aunt Eveline MacMurrough, who pushes him to become a patriotic Irishman, mentoring and leading the young, and, in her imagination, eventually marrying. MacMurrough conforms to some degree but recognises his homosexuality as a permanent character trait.

In late December 1929, Hatry, along with Albert Edward Tabor, Edmund Daniels and Charles Graham Dixon, were tried at the Old Bailey, charged with forgery and fraud. Hatry's friends subscribed $95,000 to pay for his defence. Hatry, his voice shaking with emotion, said in his defence: Hatry was sentenced to 14 years in prison (two of them at hard labour) and sent to Brixton Prison. The first two weeks of his sentence he had to sleep on bare boards, and for 28 days, he had to crush rocks on the stonepile.

His membership of the council was to last only a year, however: on 9 March 1893 he was found guilty of stealing three shillings from a prostitute, and he was sentenced to four months imprisonment with hard labour. Although he protested his innocence, his resignation from the council was accepted on 28 March. Henderson returned to Norwich, working as a journalist. In 1902 he was the first socialist to be elected to the city council, and he remained a member of the council until his death, from 1923 as an alderman.

A treadmill is a device generally for walking, running or climbing while staying in the same place. Treadmills were introduced before the development of powered machines, to harness the power of animals or humans to do work, often a type of mill that was operated by a person or animal treading steps of a treadwheel to grind grain. In later times, treadmills were used as punishment devices for people sentenced to hard labour in prisons. The terms treadmill and treadwheel were used interchangeably for the power and punishment mechanisms.

The club has been established in the National League for many years and has only recently begun to reap the rewards of its hard labour. From early 2000, Trojans had languished toward the bottom of the National League, often finishing 2nd bottom. This resulted in them playing a playoff match with the runners up of the then Reserve (2nd) Division for the rights to play top flight Korfball the following year. At the time, the 1st team had a mixture of young inexperienced males and older, more experienced females.

New pupils included C. S. Nott, René Zuber, Margaret Anderson and her ward Fritz Peters. The generally intellectual and middle- class types who were attracted to Gurdjieff's teaching often found the Prieuré's spartan accommodation and emphasis on hard labour in the grounds disconcerting. Gurdjieff was putting into practice his teaching that people need to develop physically, emotionally and intellectually, hence the mixture of lectures, music, dance, and manual work. Older pupils noticed how the Prieuré teaching differed from the complex metaphysical "system" that had been taught in Russia.

On Friday, 22 November 1985, Mr. Justice Downer sentenced 25-year-old Ricardo Codrington, labourer of Above Rocks, St. Andrew, to ten years imprisonment at hard labour for the murder of Hugh Mundell. The sentencing occurred after a Home Circuit Court found Codrigan guilty of manslaughter arising out of the fatal shooting of Mundell on 13 October 1983. Codrington was charged with murder, but the jury convicted him of the lesser offense. The Judge said Codrington had already served two years and that was taken into account when sentencing him.

The colonists protested, and the boundary line was adjusted in a series of treaties with indigenous tribes. In 1768, the Iroquois agreed to the Treaty of Fort Stanwix, and the Cherokee agreed to the Treaty of Hard Labour followed in 1770 by the Treaty of Lochaber. The treaties opened most of Kentucky and West Virginia to colonial settlement. The new map was drawn up at the Treaty of Fort Stanwix in 1768 which moved the line much farther to the west, from the green line to the red line on the map at right.

Sweden also extradited about 3,000 German soldiers, according to laws on prisoners of war. The people from the Baltic states were however more controversial since the Soviet authorities viewed them as Soviet citizens (the Soviet Union had occupied the independent Baltic states in 1940) and therefore regarded the people from the Baltic states as traitors, and the internees feared death sentences. Two Latvian officers committed suicide. Of the prisoners, Lieutenant Colonel Kārlis Gailītis and Captain Ernsts Keselis were sentenced to death but had their sentences changed to 17 years hard labour.

After this, the regiment's personnel became prisoners of war. Over the next three-and-a-half years, they were scattered throughout the Pacific to camps in Singapore, Malaya, Borneo, Thailand, Burma and Japan. Subjected to poor conditions and used for hard labour, many of the 834 men from the 2/10th who were captured were killed or died in captivity - a total of 270 men - before being freed when the war ended in August 1945. The regiment's casualties during the war amounted to 286 killed and 16 wounded.

On his return home, Mendel decided he wanted to be a tradesman, but his parents were bitterly opposed to the idea, which they considered beneath the family's dignity. He spent his time trying to get the Moldovans to rise up against what he perceived to be an oppressive regime, but they refused to see him as anything but yet another Jewish revolutionary inciting them against the Tsar. They beat and then arrested him. His house was searched, seditious literature was found and Mendel was sentenced to three years of hard labour in Siberia.

In July 1866 he received a further six months in irons for trying to cut the lock out of his door, but in August Moondyne Joe succeeded in escaping again. Moondyne Joe formulated a plan to escape the colony by travelling overland to South Australia, but was captured on 29 September about north-east of Perth. As punishment for escaping and for the robberies committed while on the run, Moondyne Joe received five years hard labour on top of his remaining sentence. Extraordinary measures were taken to ensure that he did not escape again.

The Immoral Traffic (Scotland) Act 1902 (2 Edw. VII c. 11) was an Act of Parliament of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, given royal assent on 22 July 1902 and repealed in 1976. The Act, which extended only to Scotland, provided that any man who "knowingly lives wholly or in part" on income gained through prostitution, or any man who "solicits or importunes for immoral purposes" in a public place were guilty of a criminal offence, punishable by up to three months imprisonment with hard labour by a court of summary conviction.

Petchan and Sehuloholu reportedly reached the column on 2 December 1893, and gave the money and the message to two men in the rear guard. No man who had been attached to the column confirmed this, but company authorities thought it unlikely that the Matabele would simply invent such a story. Two officers' batmen were accused of accepting the gold, then keeping it for themselves and not passing on the message. The evidence against them was inconclusive, but they were found guilty and sentenced to 14 years' hard labour by the Resident Magistrate.

He was found guilty of treason and sentenced to ten years of hard labour. He was released from prison after Austria-Hungary's collapse in 1918, and was later awarded the French Legion of Honour and Serbian Order of St. Sava. Moljević obtained a law degree at the University of Zagreb before moving to Banja Luka, where he worked as an attorney prior to the outbreak of World War II. He was also the head of the local branch of the Serbian Cultural Club. Moljević was married and had two children.

Subject to this provision, the punishment depends, as a general rule on the statute or by-law that defines the offence, and consists in imprisonment and (or) fine, except in cases where a minimum fine is stipulated for by a treaty, &c.;, with a foreign state, e.g. in sea fishery conventions. The court may mitigate the fine in the case of a first offence, even in a revenue case, or may reduce the period of imprisonment and impose it without hard labour, or substitute a fine not exceeding 25 for imprisonment.

The trial lasted five months: Rawson Macharia, the main prosecution witness, turned out to have perjured himself; the judge had only recently been awarded an unusually large pension and maintained secret contact with the then colonial Governor Evelyn Baring. The prosecution failed to produce any strong evidence that Kenyatta or the other accused had any involvement in managing the Mau Mau. In April 1953, Judge Thacker found the defendants guilty. He sentenced them to seven years' hard labour, to be followed by indefinite restriction preventing them from leaving a given area without permission.

In 1760, after four years of hard labour, his health gave way and he returned to England. "It appeared", wrote a contemporary on the spot, "as if the soul was departing from the Government of Bengal". He had been formally made Governor of Bengal by the Court of Directors at a time when his nominal superiors in Madras sought to recall him to their help there. But he had discerned the importance of the province even during his first visit to its rich delta, mighty rivers and teeming population.

When Glenn McNeill was sentenced in 2007 to 24 years in prison for murder on Norfolk Island, the absence of prisons meant he was imprisoned in NSW. Convicts in the 19th century were subject to forced hard labour, such as quarrying sandstone. William Ulthorne, an English Catholic Bishop described convict labourers in the 1830s: “They are fettered with heavy chains, harassed with heavy work, and fed on salt meat and coarse bread, [...] Their faces are awful to behold, and their existence one of desperation.” Additionally, there was the punishment of young children.

As a boy Kelly obtained basic schooling and became familiar with the bush. In Avenel he risked his life to save another boy from drowning in Hughes Creek; the boy's family gave him a green sash, which he wore under his armour during his final showdown with police in 1880. In 1865, Red was imprisoned for having meat in his possession for which he could not account. Unable to pay the twenty-five pound fine, he was sentenced to six months with hard labour, served at Kilmore Gaol.

Worsley sailed, with Jean for company, for Cocos Island in September 1934 aboard the Queen of Scots. On arrival at the island in October, he assisted in unloading stores to set up a village at Wafer Bay, the safest landing point on Cocos. The island, off the coast of Costa Rica, was heavily forested and hard labour was necessary to clear likely spots for searching. As the Queen of Scots was found to be too large for the expedition's needs, Worsley left with the ship to return to England via the Panama Canal.

Little is known about Collin's early life. From the novels it can be gathered that he is born in or around 1779, has an above- average education and that he worked as an apprentice in a bank—a position his aunt Jacqueline had obtained for him. In the first decade of the 19th century he first came into contact with the criminal underworld. When a young Italian soldier that Collin was interested in committed a forgery, Collin took the responsibility and was sentenced to five years' hard labour in 1810.

Beidas was in Europe trying to raise loans to refloat Intra when the Lebanese government contacted Interpol to have him arrested and extradited. He fled to Brazil with his wife and three children to avoid legal charges, given the precarious legal situation for Palestinians in Lebanon. The following year he was indicted in absentia for fraudulent bankruptcy and the prosecutor asked for a sentence of 7 years hard labour. Though Brazil had no extradition agreements with Lebanon, Lebanese authorities requested a courtesy deportment to make him stand trial.

The other was Snowden Dunhill, who lived much of his life in the village of Spaldington near Howden. His main hiding area was a place called Cow Lane, a local common pasture which everybody crossed as means as a short cut between the villages. After he was finally captured and sentenced at York Assizes, he was transported to Tasmania, Australia. When he had spent his time of hard labour and was due to be released, he died and never returned to be with the family who was waiting for him.

The 6th Panzer Division () was an armoured division in the German Army, the Heer, during World War II, established in 1939. The division, initially formed as a light brigade, participated in the invasions of Poland, Belgium, France and the Soviet Union. From 1941 to 1945 it fought on the Eastern Front, interrupted only by periods of refitting spent in France and Germany. It eventually surrendered to US forces in Czechoslovakia in May 1945 but was handed over to Soviet authorities, where the majority of its remaining men would be imprisoned in Gulag hard labour camps.

The first person Brown ever interviewed on 60 Minutes was Mel Gibson. Brown was previously a fill-in presenter for Nine Sunday AM News. In April 2016, Tara Brown and eight other people (including three other staff members of the Nine Network, David Ballment, Stephen Rice, and Ben Williamson) were arrested on allegations of child abduction in Lebanon. Lebanese judicial sources told The Guardian that the group were to be charged with "armed abduction, purveying threats and physical harm" - crimes which carry sentences of twenty years' imprisonment with hard labour.

Recognizing it as silver and quite valuable, he melted it and brought it to the town of Skien in Telemark county to sell it. In Skien he was arrested, the police finding it suspicious that someone would attempt to sell silver at such a low price. Being convinced that he was a thief, he was given the choice between telling where he had found the silver, or being sentenced to hard labour. He chose to tell the authorities he had found the silver in Southern Sandsvær, which was the old name for Kongsberg.

The reduced soil protection by vegetation cover, combined with steep slopes and erosive rainfall has led to excessive soil erosion. Nutrients and organic matter were lost and soil depth was reduced. Hence, soil erosion is an important problem, which results in low crop yields and biomass production. As a response to the strong degradation and thanks to the hard labour of many people in the villages, soil conservation has been carried out on a large scale since the 1980s and especially 1980s; this has curbed rates of soil loss.

He pleaded guilty and was sentenced to three years' imprisonment at Lewes Gaol. The first seven days in each month to be kept in solitary confinement and the rest of the time to be kept at hard labour. On 23 February 1876, a private in the Royal Marines serving on board Endymion was court-martialled on a charge of insubordination; he pleaded guilty and was sentenced to two years' imprisonment. On 7 March, a fire broke out in the yard of Humphrys & Pearson Ltd, shipbuilders, located in the Victoria Dock.

British labour and the Easter Rising IrishDemocrat.co.uk; Horner 1960: 23–30 Horner said that he chose Ireland because he believed the "Irish are the only people waging a war of real freedom"De Barra (2018), page 260 On his return to Britain he was arrested by the police and handed over to the army. For disobeying orders he was sentenced to six months hard labour at Wormwood Scrubs. After he had served his sentence he was refused the amnesty made available after the war to most conscientious objectors, rearrested and sent to Carmarthen jail.

The reduced soil protection by vegetation cover, combined with steep slopes and erosive rainfall has led to excessive soil erosion. Nutrients and organic matter were lost and soil depth was reduced. Hence, soil erosion is an important problem, which results in low crop yields and biomass production. As a response to the strong degradation and thanks to the hard labour of many people in the villages, soil conservation has been carried out on a large scale since the 1980s and especially 1980s; this has curbed rates of soil loss.

After 1945, he spent 38 years in prison at hard labour as a political prisoner of the communist regime. He was accused of listening to foreign radio stations and (something) Catholic Youth. Mikel Koliqi survived 38 years of imprisonment in Enver Hoxha's jails to become, at the age of 92, a member of the highest body in the Roman Catholic Church, the College of Cardinals. The first Albanian to be raised to the Sacred College, he was apparently chosen as the oldest of the 30 or so Catholic priests to have survived the Communist persecutions.

Myra Eleanor Sadd Brown in 1937 Myra Eleanor Sadd Brown (3 October 1872 - 13 April 1938) was a campaigner for women's rights, an activist and internationalist. A suffragette, she became a member of the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU) in 1907 and, after breaking a window at the War Office in 1912 was sentenced to two months in prison with hard labour. In prison Sadd Brown went on hunger strike as a result of which she was force-fed. On her release from prison she was awarded a Hunger Strike Medal by the WSPU.

A Suffragette being force fed, in a contemporary poster On 4 March 1912 Sadd Brown was arrested for throwing a brick through a window at the War Office,Ethel threw an egg at Churchill. After 90 years, is it time she was pardoned? - The Independent for which she was sentenced to two months hard labour in Holloway Prison together with a number of other suffragettes including Mrs Emmeline Pankhurst. In prison Sadd Brown, like many other suffragists, went on hunger strike but was force-fed through rubber tubes forced down her throat.

He was unsuccessful in his efforts to get himself elected to the National Assembly, but sympathised with the collectivist theories of Constantin Pecqueur at the Luxembourg Commission of Labour. However, Pillot, who was associated with the extreme left wing of the Jacobin movement, soon grew disenchanted with the Second Republic. He was implicated in the workers' uprising of June, 1848, which was brutally put down. When Louis Bonaparte became President, Pillot fiercely opposed him, and after the Bonapartist coup d'état, Pillot was condemned to deportation to a penal colony and hard labour for life.

The reduced soil protection by vegetation cover, combined with steep slopes and erosive rainfall has led to excessive soil erosion. Nutrients and organic matter were lost and soil depth was reduced. Hence, soil erosion is an important problem, which results in low crop yields and biomass production. As a response to the strong degradation and thanks to the hard labour of many people in the villages, soil conservation has been carried out on a large scale since the 1980s and especially 1980s; this has curbed rates of soil loss.

Frederick Viner (5 March 1858 – August 1940) was an English watercolour artist. Frederick Viner, known as Fred, was born in Mortlake, Surrey, a twin son of William Viner and Jane Whiting.Ancestry.com. 1861 England Census. Class: RG 9; Piece: 461; Folio: 67; Page: 14; GSU roll: 542642 From 1873 he was a seaman and in 1876 he signed up for ten years service in the Royal Navy but was discharged in 1878. On the 1881 Census he is recorded in Canterbury Prison as a mariner serving 15 months 'hard labour' for housebreaking.

Helen Spanton and her family were strong supporters of votes for women; on their census return for 1911 they wrote, "Four members of this family demand votes for women".1911 census of England, Greencroft, the Crescent, Hadley Wood, William Silas Spanton household. Helen was a member of the Women's Social and Political Union, the "Suffragettes". On 9 March 1912 she was sentenced at Bow Street Magistrates’ Court to two month’s imprisonment with hard labour for damage to government property (breaking a window) valued at 3 shillings during protests by suffragettes in London.

During World War II, despite being exempt from military service, Latham volunteered to join the army. In 1941, however, he was arrested for "improper behaviour", a homosexual act, with three gunners and a civilian (letters he had written to those involved had been discovered) while serving as an officer in the Royal Artillery. Latham then tried to kill himself by riding a motorcycle into a tree. He was court-martialled and found guilty of ten charges of indecent conduct and of attempted suicide and was discharged dishonourably and imprisoned for two years without hard labour.

During the Cultural Revolution, Wang was persecuted and forced to perform hard labour. He was rehabilitated and returned to work in February 1970 and served as Director of the Soybean Research Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and later Vice President and then President of the academy. In February 1980, Wang was appointed Vice Governor of Heilongjiang Province, while concurrently serving as President of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences. From December 1987 to November 1994, he served as the fourth President of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.

In the past time its educating system was in old system where there was everything lack needed for studies and teachers were used to regard as god like and it was quite rigorous management of school therefore, students were forced to study with hard labour memorising by heart.Teaching was lecture based method so that there was rare practical education. But now education system has also been change along with changes of time.It has a modern fashioned library and it is equipped with sufficient halls for seating of students.

Subsequently, Papen served as an ambassador of Germany in Vienna from 1934 to 1938 and in Ankara from 1939 to 1944. After the Second World War, Papen was indicted in the Nuremberg trials of war criminals before the International Military Tribunal but was acquitted of all charges. In 1947, a West German denazification court found Papen to have acted as a main culprit in crimes relating to the Nazi government. Papen was given an eight-year hard labour prison sentence but he was released on appeal in 1949.

He refused to put on military uniform, was court-martialled and sentenced to imprisonment with hard labour. Hobhouse was then placed in solitary confinement because he refused to obey the "Rule of Silence" forbidding prisoners to speak to one another. He wrote to his wife: "The spirit of love requires that I should speak to my fellow-prisoners, the spirit of truth that I should speak to them openly"Hochschild, p. 270 By mid-1917, after 112 days in jail, followed by a second jail sentence, his health was declining rapidly.

Punishment for the wide definition of vagrancy (including prostitution) was up to one month's hard labour. The Act of 1824 was amended several times, most notably by the Vagrancy Act 1838, which introduced a number of new public order offences covering acts that were deemed at the time to be likely to cause moral outrage. It contained a provision for the prosecution of "every Person wilfully exposing to view, in any Street... or public Place, any obscene Print, Picture, or other indecent Exhibition".HC Deb 25 June 1991 c861.

She went missing during World War II. According to his account, when Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union defeated Poland, Rawicz returned home, where the NKVD arrested him on 19 November 1939. He was taken to Minsk, then sent to Kharkiv for interrogation, then to the Lubyanka prison in Moscow, where he was put on rigged trial. He was tortured to make him confess to being a spy which initially was unsuccessful. He was sentenced to 25 years of hard labour in a Siberian prison camp, ostensibly for espionage as were thousands of others.

He was sentenced to hard labour and as a result lost both his wife and his mistress. At the age of thirty, Dicketts eloped with a sixteen-year-old girl called Alma Wood and married her, prompting a nationwide search to catch him before the marriage could take place. pp. 48 - 51 He married two more times to Vera Fudge and Judit Kelman and maintained a second mistress called Kathleen Holdcroft during his marriage to Vera. Kay ‘Dicketts’ played an integral role as part of his cover during his mission to South America in 1941. pp.

The Speewah is a mythical Australian station that is the subject of many tall tales told by Australian bushmen. The stories of the Speewah are Australian folktales in the oral tradition. The Speewah is synonymous with hyperbole as many of the tales about the place are used to enhance the storytellers' masculinity by relating events of extreme hardship and overcoming the dangers of the Australian wilderness. Typically men talk of the Speewah when they are faced with hard labour as a means of making their jobs mentally easier, though it can also be seen as a way of legitimising their bragging.

This decision was used by national and anti-foreign elements to inflame public opinion in Egypt. Those few in Britain who called the tribunal and its legality into question, were accused of being unpatriotic and supporting the “venal agitators” in Egypt. Guy Aldred, who in 1907 compared the execution of Madan Lal Dhingra with the immunity given to the British officers in this incident, was sentenced to twelve months hard labour for publishing The Indian Sociologist. George Bernard Shaw, in the preface to his play John Bull's Other Island, gave the public more of his view of the incident.

The first 70 prisoners arrived in 1856. At this time, flogging was gradually being phased out as a punishment for military members, who were instead imprisoned under the Mutiny Act of 1844; the purchase of Melville Island allowed these prisoners to be removed from the overcrowded Halifax Citadel. A 22-man military guard supervised the prisoners, who were subjected to hard labour: the chief warder imported of granite from Purcell's Cove for them to break. Punishments included solitary confinement or "shot drill", where an inmate was made to carry cannonballs from one end of the yard to the other.

On her release from prison in August 1911 she was immediately rearrested for smashing a window at the post office in Abergavenny in Wales, stating that she had done so to protest against the exclusion of women from such official lists as the electoral register. On this occasion Gatty received one month in prison with hard labour which had a serious effect on her health. In the latter stages of 1912 Gatty became Secretary to the Suffrage Atelier (SA), an organisation of suffrage artists in London who created and printed postcards, posters and banners for the women's suffrage movement.

However, Haig, who in dealing with these matters favoured confirming the death sentence for the perceived ringleader while commuting similar sentences for other soldiers involved in the same incident, deemed Braithwaite the responsible party for the mutiny and as was his habit, confirmed the sentence of death. The sentences passed onto the Australians were commuted to two-years punishment with hard labour. Braithwaite was shot by a firing squad early in the morning of 29 October 1916. The only New Zealand soldier executed for mutiny during the war, he is buried in the St Sever Cemetery Extension in the city of Rouen.

Rearrested in April 1906, he broke jail five days later, and moved to Sevastopol, on Crimea, where he organised a military revolt. Arrested and sentenced to death, his sentence was later commuted to 20 years hard labour in Siberia. He escaped in June 1907, and hid out in Moscow, in the home of a sympathetic lawyer, Pavel Malyantovich. For three years, he worked among co-operatives and with the printers' union in Moscow, until his next arrest, after which he emigrated to Prussia, in July 1910, but was deported, and settled in Paris, where he acted as secretary of the Menshevik bureau.

In 1955 Kaunda and Nkumbula were imprisoned for two months with hard labour for distributing subversive literature; such imprisonment and other forms of harassment were normal rites of passage for African nationalist leaders. The experience of imprisonment had a radicalising impact on Kaunda. The two leaders drifted apart as Nkumbula became increasingly influenced by white liberals and was seen as being willing to compromise on the issue of black majority rule, waiting until most of the indigenous population was responsibly educated before extending the franchise. The franchise was to be determined by existing property and literacy qualifications, dropping race altogether.

He was defeated at the 1954 general election and was an unsuccessful candidate at the 1961 general election. In the 1960 local elections he was returned for LEA No. 1 to Dublin City Council. The last eliminated candidate, Victor Carton, petitioned that High Court that Cowan was ineligible both as an undischarged bankrupt and having been sentenced to two years' hard labour within five years of the election. The petition would have been tried under the Municipal Corporations Act 1882, but in 1961 the High Court struck out the 1882 act as incompatible with the 1937 constitution, so that Cowan kept his seat.

Yu Xuntan (; 11 November 1931 – 23 November 2019), known by his pen name Liu Shahe (), was a Chinese writer and poet. The son of a Sichuan landowner who was executed in the Land Reform Movement, he began publishing in 1948 and became a professional writer in 1952. He co-founded the poetry magazine Stars in 1956, but was denounced as a "filial descendant of the landlord class" when the Anti-Rightist Campaign began in 1957. For the next two decades he performed hard labour and was exiled to the countryside until the end of the Cultural Revolution.

Various law reforms were also carried out by Attlee's government. The Criminal Justice Act of 1948 provided for new methods to deal with offenders, and abolished hard labour, penal servitude, prison divisions and whipping.Examination note-book of the English legal system: including a history of judicial institutions by Ronald Harry Graveson The Law Reform (Personal Injuries) Act 1948 enabled employees to sue their employers in cases where they experienced injury due to the negligence of a fellow employee. The Legal Aid and Advice Act of 1949 introduced a state aided scheme to assist those who couldn't afford legal services.

The original 1892 Criminal Code described 12 ways in which a "loose, idle or disorderly person or vagrant" might be arrested and upon conviction subjected to a maximum fine of $50 or imprisonment not exceeding six months with or without hard labour. This was directed at the person as "vagrant" (status law). In 1954, amendments made vagrancy the doing of a prohibited act, and these were reduced to five. Three of them dealt with street disorder and were nicknamed Vag A, B and C after the respective clauses, and thus the prostitution prohibition as Vag C or vagrancy (c).

On 3 May 1915, Kramář told the Agrarian deputy in the Reichsrat Josef Dürich who was about to go abroad to seek Allied support for independence that he should seek a "great Slav empire" under the House of Romanov in which Bohemia would be an autonomous kingdom ruled by some Romanov grand duke. During the First World War the Austrian authorities charged Kramář with treason, tried him and ultimately sentenced him to 15 years of hard labour. Kramář was arrested and charged with high treason on 21 May 1915. His imprisonment acted however to galvanise Czech nationalist opinion against the Austrian state.

Knox Mountain Park was named after the notorious Arthur Booth Knox, a resident of Kelowna from the late 19th century. Knox, a rancher, was convicted of setting fire to several haystacks belonging to his competition and sentenced to three years of hard labour. In his book Buckaroos And Mud Pups: The Early Days of Ranching in British Columbia, Ken Mather explains that a cowboy working for Knox provided the testimony that resulted in his conviction, despite evidence that he was bribed to give a false testimony. Following his 3-year sentence, Knox returned to Kelowna and continued to grow his ranching property.

Hanes & Sanello 2002, p. 62 Elliot instead held a trial for the accused men aboard a warship at sea, with himself serving as the judge and merchant captains serving as jurors. He invited the Qing authorities to observe and comment on the proceedings, but the offer was declined.Hoe & Roebuck 1999, p. 92 The naval court convicted 5 sailors of assault and rioting, and sentenced them to fines along with hard labour in Britain (this verdict would later be overturned in British courts.)Correspondence Relating to China 1840, p. 433 1841 painting of the Chinese fort at Kowloon.

'. During the 1911 Census, Carwin refused to give details of herself or the woman who shared the address at 11 Tavistock Mansions, London WC. Force feeding of women hunger strikers alt= In 1912, Carwin had her fourth and last arrest again for window breaking, causing £100 of damage to royal warrant J.C.Vickery, jewellers and dressmakers. Carwin was sentenced to six months with hard labour in Winson Green Prison. Again she went on hunger strike and was force fed, but 'resisted with her utmost strength'. This made her so ill that she was released after serving four months.

He stated that Scientology members deemed to be underperforming in their tasks were ordered to eat rations of beans and rice. According to Xenophon, Saxton said he had participated in the "forced confinement and torture" of a woman in Scientology who had been relocated to a rural area in New South Wales. Senator Xenophon stated Saxton was, "ordered by superiors to remove documents that would link a Scientology staff member to murder". While an official for Scientology, Xenophon stated Saxton had "ordered more than 30 people to be sent to Scientology's work camps, where they were forced to undertake hard labour".

In 1952, Zhang was appointed a member of the planning committee for the founding of Huazhong Institute of Technology (now Huazhong University of Science and Technology, HUST), and became a professor of economics when the university opened in 1953. During the Cultural Revolution (1966–1976), Zhang was denounced as a "reactionary academic authority" and forced to perform hard labour. His large collection of foreign books and documents was destroyed. After the end of the Cultural Revolution, he was rehabilitated and later served as Honorary Dean of the School of Economics and Director of the Research Center of Economic Development at HUST.

The following month, she was arrested on a charge of "distributing obscene materials in order to corrupt the morals of society". The charges against her were dismissed by a judge in November 2009, but after M'membe published an op- ed piece from a Zambian lawyer living abroad in Kabwela's support, he was charged with contempt of court. He was convicted in June 2010 and sentenced to four months' hard labour. In July 2011, M'membe again faced a charge of contempt of court for defying a ban not to print "libelous" articles about presidential candidate (later president) Rupiah Banda.

Prior to the Act's enactment, admiralty law had protected the interests of the merchants by requiring the forfeiture of wages if a sailor was mutinous or disobedient, if he deserted a ship, or if he stole or embezzled goods or money. The Act further strengthened the merchants’ position. Deserters, in addition to losing their wages, were now required to pay a £5 fine and were put into “hard Labour” or 14-30 days at the nearest “house of correction.” The punishment for time away from the ship without consent was the docking of two days’ pay for each day away.

Ilyin wrote that many Russians believed that private property and large estates are gained not through hard labour but through power and maladministration of officials. Therefore, property becomes associated with dishonest behaviour. In his 1949 article, Ilyin argued against both totalitarianism and "formal" democracy in favor of a "third way" of building a state in Russia: For Ilyin to talk of a Ukraine separate from Russia was to be a mortal enemy of Russia. He disputed that an individual could choose their nationality any more than cells can decide whether they are part of a body.

They ultimately had a large family of seven children, four boys and three girls. During the 1950s and early 1960s, people in Australia frequently left cars unlocked and often with the keys in the ignition. Cooke found it easy to steal cars at night and sometimes returned stolen vehicles without the owners becoming aware of the theft. In September 1955, after having crashed a car and requiring hospitalisation, Cooke was sentenced to two years hard labour on a charge of unlawful use of a motor vehicle; he was ultimately released from Fremantle Prison just prior to Christmas, 1956.

After Jamieson sentenced Cyr before he was finished his defense of her, he challenged Jamieson's status, arguing that, since women were not recognized as "persons" by Canadian law, Jamieson's appointment as a magistrate was invalid. Jamieson sentenced Cyr to six months hard labour. Appeals courts in Alberta had upheld Jamieson, but, in 1928, the Supreme Court of Canada confirmed that, under Canadian law, Jamieson was not a "person". Five Canadian activists for human rights, Emily Murphy, Henrietta Edwards, Nellie McClung, Louise McKinney and Irene Parlby had cited the rulings of the Alberta appeals courts in their pursuit to get women's rights recognized.

During her time at Woking, Florence suffered from insomnia and frequent ill health caused, she claimed, by the frequent shrieking and destruction of the content of cells during the night by weak-minded inmates which left her with 'quivering nerves' and unable to sleep. Having passed through the first stages of solitary confinement and a probationary period, Maybrick then entered a third stage of hard labour whereby she was permitted to leave her cell during the day to assist in carrying meals from the kitchen. Her day commenced at 6.00 a.m. and ended at 5.30 p.m.

Mihailović in turn warred with the Yugoslav Partisans. After the war, the communists under Tito took power in Yugoslavia. The military court in Belgrade sentenced General Dragoljub Mihailović to death in 1946 and also passed a sentence in absentia of eight years hard labour on Momčilo Ninčić, Minister for Foreign Affairs in the government of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia between 27 March 1941 and 2 January 1943. The accused was found guilty of continuing the policy of the pro-fascist dictatorship in old Yugoslavia and pursuing a policy supplying the occupation and suppressing the Communist National Liberation uprising.

In April 2016, Stephen Rice, Tara Brown and seven other people (including two other staff members of the Nine Network, David Ballment, and Ben Williamson) were arrested on allegations of child abduction in Beirut while covering the story of Sally Faulkner, an Australian woman attempting to regain custody of her two children. Lebanese judicial sources told The Guardian that the group were to be charged with "armed abduction, purveying threats and physical harm" - crimes which carry sentences of twenty years imprisonment with hard labour. The four journalists were released on bail two weeks later. Consequently, on 27 May 2016, Rice left Channel Nine.

By early 1899, Selina was no longer living with her family, but had moved into Vaughan's lodging house on The Strand, Swansea. Selina Jenkins first came to the attention of the authorities in February 1899, when she was arrested for riotous behaviour. Given the choice of seven days' hard labour in Swansea Prison or a 13s 6d fine (about £ in terms), she opted for the custodial sentence, the first of her many spells in prison; the prison records describe her as being 5 feet 2 inches (159 cm) tall, with brown hair, an imperfect education and an occupation of prostitute.

The move did not reduce the couple's criminal activities, and in November 1902 Selina was convicted, along with fellow prostitute Sarah Musgrove, of stealing a watch in the York Hotel, Bridgend from William Howells of Coity. Ebenezer was convicted of receiving the watch in question and pawning it, and all three were sentenced to one month's hard labour. Following this conviction, the Rushbrooks disappeared from police attention until late 1905, when Ebenezer received a 14-day custodial sentence for "behaving like a madman" towards police. After this incident the couple separated, with Selina returning to Vaughan's lodging house in Swansea.

The arrest and trial been interpreted differently over time, from innocent Victorian sentimentalism to a wilful ignoring of the men's sexuality by the courts to ensure they were not convicted. Recent examinations have been from the perspective of transgender history. The case was a factor that led to the introduction of the 1885 Labouchere Amendment which made male homosexual acts punishable by up to two years' hard labour. Boulton and Park both continued performing on stage after the trial, and both worked for a while in the US. Park died in 1881, probably of syphilis; Boulton died in 1904 from a brain tumour.

At the age of fifteen Sam Byrne started work on the BHP Mine, a company in whose service he would remain for the next fifty-one years. His employment was crucial to financially support his family following the sudden death of his older brother from pneumonia. Byrne was underage, however was admitted upon presenting his late brother's union registration card.Moore, p. 69 Initially working as a messenger boy, around the age of seventeen he took on the hard labour of men's work: Breaking rock with picks, boring, timbering, shovelling ore into trucks and then pushing them along the drives to the shafts.

Many of those arrested received serious sentences. John Henry Good who took part in the riots was sentenced to six weeks of hard labour. In 2019, to commemorate the centenary of the 1919 Peace Riots, Cultural Histories Community Interest Company, working with a number of partner organisations, individuals and local community groups in Luton, developed a range of projects to promote awareness and interest in the 1919 Peace Days riots via a programme of learning and the performing arts. The projects included collecting personal and family recollections of the Peace Riots, plus art and music projects to promote local awareness of the event.

Under the name Frank Hall, Gooding joined the Army Service Corps on 15 April 1891, citing his maternal grandmother, Annie Furzeland, as his next-of-kin. He attained the rank of Lance-Corporal in 1894, but was dismissed two years later for the theft of money whilst working as an army clerk in Aldershot.Hall's British Army records indicate he enlisted on 15 April 1891. He was given twelve months hard labour in 1896 and eighteen months in 1897 for a charge of fraudulently claiming funeral expenses from the non-existent life-insurance of his living wife.

In 1964, he was sentenced to 18 months for a break and enter, and a month after release, he was arrested for driving a stolen car and sentenced to 2 years hard labour. In September 1967, aged 22, he was sentenced to 3 years for theft. In April 1971, he was charged with the abduction of two 18-year-old hitchhikers and the rape of one of them. While awaiting trial, he was involved in a string of robberies with some of his brothers, before faking his suicide and fleeing to New Zealand for a year.

However, after receiving further information from the bank, he stated that the account had been opened jointly with his wife to deposit money for his open heart surgery. After his wife transferred the account to another branch she maintained and administered it, and his name remained on it out of convenience. On April 24, 2006, Panday was found guilty on all three counts and sentenced to two years with hard labour and a TT$20,000 fine. He was also denied bail, and ordered to pay the sum in the account "for each year he was charged for not making the declaration".

In the 1880s, the depiction of life and work in the countryside was subject to two very different approaches, the traditional rural romanticism/sentimentality - thatched cottages with roses around the door and contented happy harvest scenes (e.g. Myles Birkett Foster), and that of social realism - recording child labour and exploitation, agricultural depression, bad weather, hard work and hard labour (e.g. Sir George Clausen). By the time Allen started recording the countryside around Farnham in the 1890s, Britain was in the grip of a severe agricultural depression which continued until the late 1930s, mirroring his artistic output.

The Unlawful Associations Act (1916) was rushed through Federal Parliament in late December and the IWW was declared an illegal organisation. The IWW simply changed its name to Workers' Defence and Release Committee, and continued as normal. In late July 1917 the Act was amended resulting in any organisation or individual able to be easily proscribed. In return the IWW ran a 'free speech movement' campaign in which over 80 members in Sydney were sentenced to 6 months hard labour (the maximum) for simply proclaiming their membership, which was enough to scare many others away from open defiance.

Resulting from criticism of the lack of education for inmates at the time, there was a shift in the prison system away from religious and moral teaching, to intellectual education and hard labour as the primary means of rehabilitation. Authorities took considerable effort to develop an effective and diverse educational curriculum. As well as teaching literacy and arithmetic, classes also included music and composition, popular ethics, confucianism and patriotic and political doctrine; the teaching of party doctrine increased significantly in the 1930s. In 1981, the People's Republic of China incorporated prison education into its national education program, significantly increasing access for inmates.

They were given an advanced sum of money for the expenses of the trip, from which the contracted debt was transferred to their employer whom they had to work for to pay off the debt. Such took at least three years in most cases.Dobbs, S. (2003), 44 Many coolies faced exploitation and abuse, and on top of that, the hard labour often involved with coolie work, as well as poor living conditions in cram and unhygienic squatters took a toll both on their bodies and health. Proper public healthcare was also practically non-existent for them at this period.

Ashoka implemented principles of ahimsa by banning hunting and violent sports activity and ending indentured and forced labor (many thousands of people in war-ravaged Kalinga had been forced into hard labour and servitude). While he maintained a large and powerful army, to keep the peace and maintain authority, Ashoka expanded friendly relations with states across Asia and Europe, and he sponsored Buddhist missions. He undertook a massive public works building campaign across the country. Over 40 years of peace, harmony and prosperity made Ashoka one of the most successful and famous monarchs in Indian history.

His burial was massively attended and his death was seen as causing a permanent rift in Croat-Serb relations in the old Yugoslavia. What exactly happened to Puniša Račić is still contested. One version (conservative) states that he was sentenced to 20 years of house arrest and later pardoned by the Serb authorities while another (communist) contends that he was sentenced to 20 years of hard labour and freed by the invading Nazis in WWII. He led a normal life during the Nazi occupation of Serbia and was captured and killed by Communist partisans in 1945 or 1946.

Hughes appeared before a court-martial held at RAF Uxbridge in August 1945, where he pleaded not guilty to 11 charges of assisting the enemy, including a charge of giving money to British Free Corps recruiters, an SS unit composed of British and Allied POWs. He was cleared of six of the charges but found guilty of the remaining five, three of which carried a potential death sentence. However, he was eventually sentenced to five years' hard labour, which was subsequently reduced to two years following an appeal for clemency. He died in Cheltenham, having become a businessman.

Hard labour was defined as time spent on the penal treadmill, crank machine, capstan or on shot drill (passing cannonballs along a line); deliberately monotonous and pointless work. This returned prison life to the harsh standards of the early 19th century, undoing decades of reform which had sought to transfer the prison from a place of punishment to a place of rehabilitation. The harsh measures remained in force until the Prisons Act 1898 which implemented reforms. The moral panic of 1862–63 therefore caused harsh prison conditions to be inflicted upon hundreds of thousands of prisoners for decades.

Spy for Vanity Fair, 1896 Wills became a barrister from Middle Temple in 1851 and was appointed Queen's Counsel in 1872. He was first Recorder of Sheffield, 1881–84; a Judge of the Queen's and King's Bench Division of the High Court of Justice, 1884–1905, President of the Railway and Canal Commission, 1888–1893, and Treasurer of the Middle Temple, 1892-1893. During his career as a judge, his most notable achievement was presiding over the trial in which Oscar Wilde was convicted for "committing acts of gross indecency with other male persons". Willis sentenced Wilde to two years' hard labour.

The commander of the SB OUN-UPA death squad in charge of the annihilation of Adamy, Dmitry (Dymitr) Kupiak (who operated under the pseudonym Sławko Weslar in the Nazi German Distrikt Galizien), after the war emigrated to Canada, under the name Dmytro Kupyak. His five co-conspirators were tried in October 1969 by the Lviv District Court in Soviet Ukraine and sentenced to 15 years of hard labour. Kupyak "Klei" published his own memories in a book called Spohady nerostrilanoho (Memoirs of an Unshot), Toronto 1991, in Ukrainian. Kupyak (born in 1918) died on 13 June 1995 in Toronto.

As a result, Wanduta, an elder of the Dakota community, was sentenced to four months of hard labour and imprisonment on January 26, 1903. According to Canadian historian Constance Backhouse, the Aboriginal "give-away dances" were ceremonies more commonly known as potlatches that connected entire communities politically, economically and socially. These dances affirmed kinship ties, provided elders with opportunities to pass on insight, legends and history to the next generation, and were a core part of Aboriginal resistance to assimilation. It is estimated that between 1900 and 1904, 50 Aboriginal people were arrested and 20 were convicted for their involvement in such dances.

Here, on 4 January 1912, Scott selected his final polar party: Crean, William Lashly and Edward Evans were ordered to return to base, while Scott, Edgar Evans, Edward Wilson, Bowers and Lawrence Oates continued to the pole. Crean's biographer Michael Smith suggests that Crean would have been a better choice for the polar party than Edgar Evans, who was weakened by a recent hand injury (of which Scott was unaware). Crean, considered one of the toughest men in the expedition, had led a pony across the Barrier and had thus been saved much of the hard labour of man- hauling.

Kurt Haijby was born in Stockholm in 1897 as Kurt Johansson, and died there in 1965. His father was a wine-merchant and a fishmonger by appointment to the Royal Court. In 1912, while selling "majblomma" charity pins, Kurt and another boy scout were granted an audience with Gustaf V, the King of Sweden. Johansson later worked as a waiter, clerk, actor, and illusionist. He was convicted to hard labour six times for several cases of theft and fraud between 1915 and 1925. While trying to escape prison in 1923 he shot and killed a police officer.

221-222 Working conditions in the mines were poor, and mine owners struggled to attract workers, giving a strong bargaining position to the union. In 1941, a dispute emerged over additional payments for working a particularly difficult seam. Official arbitration backed the mineowners, prompting more than 4,000 coal miners to strike, despite a wartime ban on industrial action. The government responded by arresting 1,000 miners and imprisoning three union officials with hard labour, but when only nine workers paid their fines, the government was forced to negotiate with the gaoled union leaders who were released after eleven days and the fines waived.

From the moment Raeder was convicted, a campaign to have him released was started by his wife, Erika who routinely made very exaggerated claims to the press about how harsh life was in Spandau prison for her husband.Goda Tales from Spandau p. 146. In a 1950 interview, Erika Raeder claimed that her septuagenarian husband was forced to do brutal "hard labour" in Spandau when Raeder's job in Spandau was to work in the prison library. In another interview in 1951, Erika Raeder claimed that: > "The treatment we Germans had to endure is worse than anything that happened > to the Jews".

Nyi Nyi Lwin (; born 19 June 1979), more widely known by his monastic name U Gambira (), is a former Buddhist monk, activist and a leader of the All-Burma Monks' Alliance, a group which helped lead the 2007 protests against Burma's military government. Following the protests, he went into hiding and published two editorials critical of the Burmese government in the Washington Post and The Guardian on 4 November 2007. He was arrested the same day. In October 2008, he was sentenced to 68 years in prison, including 12 years hard labour; the sentence was reduced to 65 years on appeal.

Kirat Karō is one of the three pillars of Sikhism, the others being Naam Japo and Vaṇḍ chakkō. The term means to earn an honest, pure and dedicated living by exercising one's God-given skills, abilities, talents and hard labour for the benefit and improvement of the individual, their family and society at large. This means to work with determination and focus by the sweat of one's brow and not to be lazy and to waste one's life to time. Meanwhile, Simran and dedication to the work of God, not personal gain, should be one's main motivation.

Her topmasts and yards were removed, and a wheelhouse was built abaft the remains of the main mast. She worked at first in Nova Scotia, but as her wooden hull showed signs of deterioration, she was moved to the Gulf of Saint Lawrence, sailing out of Quebec. Thirty years after her launch little was left of her original appearance; in essence she was now a small, old, low-powered steamer showing the scars of hard labour and many an ungainly conversion. Nevertheless, she continued to give useful service until the last decade of the nineteenth century.

On 2 July 1976, North and South Vietnam were merged to form the Socialist Republic of Việt Nam. The war left Vietnam devastated, with the total death toll between 966,000 and 3.8 million. In its aftermath, under Lê Duẩn's administration, there were no mass executions of South Vietnamese who had collaborated with the US or the defunct South Vietnamese government, confounding Western fears, but up to 300,000 South Vietnamese were sent to reeducation camps, where many endured torture, starvation, and disease while being forced to perform hard labour. The government embarked on a mass campaign of collectivisation of farms and factories.

Following a huge public outcry, however, these sentences were discussed by the Cabinet and on 1 February the Prime Minister, Lord Melbourne, announced that the executions would be commuted to transportation for life. On reaching Van Diemen's Land (modern Tasmania), Frost was immediately sentenced to two years' hard labour for making a disparaging remark about Lord John Russell, the Colonial Secretary. Frost was indentured to a local storekeeper, spent three years working as a clerk, before becoming a school teacher for eight years when he was granted his ticket of leave. Chartists in Britain continued to campaign for the release of Frost.

From this they also published, under Wolfgang Abendroth's editorship "die Einheit der Arbeiterbewegung in der antifaschistischen Arbeit" (The Unity of the Workers' Movement in Anti-Fascist Work). In 1942, Kirchner was arrested by the Vichy Régime and handed over to the Gestapo. She was sentenced to ten years' hard labour ("Zuchthaus") for treason, the first year of which she spent in a prison in Cottbus, which she shared with several female members of the Red Orchestra resistance group, whose goal was to hasten the Nazi régime's collapse. These women's solidarity greatly helped Kirchner overcome the ordeal of being thrown in prison.

The libel trial unearthed evidence that caused Wilde to drop his charges and led to his own arrest and trial for gross indecency with men. After two more trials he was convicted and sentenced to two years' hard labour, the maximum penalty, and was jailed from 1895 to 1897. During his last year in prison, he wrote De Profundis (published posthumously in 1905), a long letter which discusses his spiritual journey through his trials, forming a dark counterpoint to his earlier philosophy of pleasure. On his release, he left immediately for France, never to return to Ireland or Britain.

While the majority of Jordanians disapproved of the attacks and expressed sympathy for the victims, Daqamseh became a hero to some Jordanians who opposed normalization with Israel. Police prevented a pilgrimage to his house, and 200 Jordanian lawyers led by the Jordanian Bar Association competed to represent him. In July 1997, a five-member Jordanian military tribunal found Daqamseh guilty of killing the Israeli schoolgirls and sentenced him to 20 years with hard labour in prison. He could have faced the death penalty but the tribunal spared him because he was determined to be mentally unstable.

On 22 December, he was sentenced, together with Ahmed Maher and Mohammed Adel, to three years in prison with hard labour and a fine of LE50,000 for his participation in protests illegal under the new protest law. In an attempt to reverse the verdict he joined a hunger strike with other detainees who were imprisoned under the new protest law. However, he had to end it due to his deteriorating health. The verdict was condemned by several Egyptian Human Rights organisations as well as by the High Representative of the European Union for Foreign Affairs Catherine Ashton and the United Kingdom Foreign Office.

Płaszów concentration camp outside Kraków, 1942 Citizens of Poland, but especially ethnic Poles and Polish Jews, were imprisoned in nearly every camp of the extensive concentration camp system in German-occupied Poland and in the Reich. A major labour camp complex at Stutthof, east of Gdańsk/Danzig was begun as an internment camp in September 1939.Stutthof. Holocaust Memorial Museum. An estimated 20,000 Poles died there as a result of hard labour, executions, disease and starvation. Some 100,000 Poles were deported to Majdanek concentration camp with subcamps in Budzyn, Trawniki, Poniatowa, Kraśnik, Puławy, as well as the "Airstrip", and Lipowa added in 1943.

Tevego was founded by order of Jose Gaspar Rodriguez de Francia in 1813 as a colony for mulattoes to defend the inhospitable northern borders of Paraguay. It came under constant attack from Guaycurú natives,Pequeña Enciclopedia de Historias Minúsculas del Paraguay and the garrison and their families were moved to nearby settlements. From then on it became a prison camp, mostly for vagrant and petty criminal mulattoes who willingly volunteered for hard labour to shorten their sentences. However, as attacks became more frequent, Tevego was finally evacuated by de Francia, its inmates deported to prisons in the nearby city of Concepción.

In 1934, the partial remains of a man were found in bush near Lindup. Wildlife had torn apart the victim, a former Penny relief camp resident, who had apparently committed suicide.Prince George Citizen: 12 & 19 Jul 1934 That year, trapper/loggers Joseph Pastor (1896–1982)Prince George Citizen, 22 Nov 1982 and Joseph Kobra (1902–65),Prince George Citizen, 29 Jan 1965 Hungarians, were sentenced to one month's imprisonment for assaulting a police officer in the discharge of his duty.Prince George Citizen, 28 Apr 1932 In an unrelated offence, Kobra was sentenced to two months hard labour for relief fraud during 1931.

Some of his sentences in this capacity excited much criticism, notably so in the case of the gas stokers strike, when he sentenced the defendants to imprisonment for twelve months, with hard labour, which was afterwards reduced by the Home Secretary to four months. On the reconstitution of the Court of Appeal in 1876, Brett was elevated to the rank of a Lord Justice of Appeal. He was sworn of the Privy Council at the same time. After holding the position for seven years, he succeeded Sir George Jessel as Master of the Rolls in 1883.

One of the key strategic points around Paris was Fort Issy, south of the city near the Porte de Versailles, which blocked the route of the Army into Paris. The fort's garrison was commanded by Leon Megy, a former mechanic and a militant Blanquist, who had been sentenced to 20 years hard labour for killing a policeman. After being freed he had led the takeover of the prefecture of Marseille by militant revolutionaries. When he came back to Paris, he was given the rank of colonel by the Central Committee of the National Guard, and the command of Fort Issy on 13 April.

When it was later revealed that Kelly was still imprisoned at Beechworth Gaol when the horse was taken, the charges were downgraded to "feloniously receiving a horse". Kelly and Gunn were sentenced to three years imprisonment with hard labour. Wright escaped arrest for the theft on 2 May following an "exchange of shots" with police, but was arrested the following day at the Kelly homestead and received eighteen months for stealing the horse. Kelly after defeating Isaiah "Wild" Wright in a 20-round bare-knuckle boxing match, August 1874 Kelly served his sentence at Beechworth Gaol, then at HM Prison Pentridge near Melbourne.

Gardiner was tried under his real name, Christie, at Geelong on 22 October 1850 and sentenced to five years hard labour. On 20 March 1851, Gardiner was part of a work party working outside Pentridge Prison when they rushed the guards and escaped. Most of the convicts were rounded up within days but Gardiner escaped and made his way to New South Wales, perhaps stopping at the station in central Victoria where his father and younger sisters were living. There are scattered reports of him having been arrested at the McIvor diggings on suspicion of robbing the gold escort the previous week.

It has been speculated that, after the Colonial Secretary's Office forbade the use of convict labour above the 26th parallel, the local workforce among pearlers and pastoralists began to recruit indigenous tribes. The provisions of the subsequent Master and Servant Act (1867) meant that in this area, as applied, natives who absconded from contracted service ended up doing hard labour in Roebourne prison. The available evidence suggests that the local tribes such as the Yinikutira were decimated by the practice of blackbirding and introduced diseases. No indigenous people of the present day claim descent from the Yunikutira.

In May 1973 Beadle chaired the High Court appeal hearing for Peter Niesewand, a freelance reporter for the overseas press who had been convicted of espionage under the Official Secrets Act, prompting outcry abroad.; ; . Niesewand had written three articles in November 1972 claiming to describe the Rhodesian military's plans for combating communist-backed black nationalist guerrillas, and had been sentenced by a magistrate to two years' hard labour, one year suspended. Beadle, Goldin and Macdonald rejected the state prosecution and unanimously overturned the conviction, ruling that Niesewand's reports had embarrassed the government but did not damage the Rhodesian state.

Memorial at the former concentration camp Ladelund, Germany From November 1, 1944 until December 16, 1944 a concentration camp was established near Ladelund. In the six weeks of being in production 301 people died through hard labour, starvation and infection diseases. Among the deaths were also 111 Puttenaren, men from the village Putten in the Netherlands, who got deported during the Putten raid because the action was undertaken as a reprisal for a Dutch resistance attack on a vehicle carrying personnel from the Wehrmacht. It was one of the worst raids in occupied Netherlands during the Second World War.

Clergyman and anthropologist A. P. Elkin and others argued for the need for a separate system of native courts. Evidence was offered that the Japanese men had assaulted the Yolngu women before they were killed. Gray was prepared to return the Aborigines to their community in his boat, suggesting that a lecture would be sufficient. On 1 August 1934, the three men convicted of murdering the Japanese trepangers were sentenced to twenty years' hard labour, and on 3 August 1934 Dhakiyarr was sentenced to death by hanging in the Supreme Court of the Northern Territory by Judge Wells and 12-person jury.

The memorial to Draper's Meadow massacre was dedicated on a bridge located near Duck Pond. By the end of the war, Draper's Meadow was deserted.Historic Smithfield: History and Research Resources By the Treaty of Easton (1758), and again by the Royal Proclamation of 1763, the British Crown made the Allegheny ridge separating the Mississippi and Chesapeake watersheds the official boundary between their Virginia colony and native peoples. It remained so until 1768, when native claims to the land including Blacksburg were cleared by the Treaty of Hard Labour with the Cherokee, and the Treaty of Fort Stanwix with the Six Nations (Iroquois Confederacy).

Meanwhile, the husband of Elizabeth Addington – the woman who had feloniously married Farnham— returned home, and charged her with bigamy. She was tried and convicted in August 1638, but was afterwards reprieved, as Farnham was held to be responsible for her crime. The judges, after the gaol delivery at which the woman was indicted, ordered Farnham to be removed from Bethlehem to Bridewell, and there "to be kept at hard labour". Late in 1640 he sickened of the plague, and was moved to the house of a friend and disciple named Cortin or Curtain in Rosemary Lane.

D company was also beaten off by Bolshevik forces around Ussuna, with the death of the battalion adjutant, killed by sniper fire. The next morning, faced with the prospect of another attack on the village, one Marine company refused to obey orders and withdrew themselves to a nearby friendly village. As a result, 93 men from the battalion were court-martialled; 13 were sentenced to death and others received substantial sentences of hard labour. In December 1919, the Government, under pressure from several MPs, revoked the sentence of death and considerably reduced the sentences of all the convicted men.

Nazer is a Nuba from a village in the Nuba mountains of Sudan. According to her own account, at the age of twelve or thirteen (as is customary among her people, her birthdate is unknown), she was abducted and sold into slavery in Sudan following a slaving raid on her village. Although her family fled the raiders into the mountains, she became separated from her family and was caught by one of the raiders. For six years, Nazer served an Arab family in Khartoum, where she was forced into hard labour and was subjected to physical abuse.

The dispute began on 8 March 1913, when seamen on the SS Sligo demanded more help or higher wages for handling cattle. Their employer, the Sligo Steam Navigation Company, refused their demands. The sailors were members of the National Union of Sailors and Firemen, which had a good relationship with Jim Larkin’s Irish Transport and General Workers’ Union (ITGWU). John Lynch, President of the local ITGWU branch was also the local delegate (or shop steward) for the NUSF. Five workers who stopped work were arrested, prosecuted for disobeying a "lawful order" and received seven days’ hard labour.

On 15 February 1945, the Banat, Bačka and Baranja were transferred from military to civilian administration with a People's Liberation Committee (, NOO) taking control. Until early 1945, the Yugoslav communist administration was characterised by persecution of some elements of the local population, with mass executions, internments and abuses. Approximately 110,000 Volksdeutsche were interned, with around 46,000 dying in captivity due to poor conditions in the camps and the hard labour they were subjected to. Victims of the communist regime were of various ethnic backgrounds and included some members of the Hungarian and Volksdeutsche population, as well as Serbs.

He was tried in 1976, accused of permitting nuns within his diocese to give medical aid to black guerrillas and advising the nuns not to report this to the authorities, for their own safety. He pleaded guilty and was sentenced to ten years imprisonment with hard labour, which was reduced to four years on appeal. He was detained in Salisbury Hospital, where he received treatment for injuries caused in a car accident, while the Rhodesian government quietly made arrangements to just have him deported. His Rhodesian citizenship was revoked and he was deported to Ireland in 1977.

He fled to Hong Kong in 1945 to avoid being captured by KMT agents, and returned to Beijing after the foundation of the People's Republic China in 1949. He was denounced as a "rightist" during the Anti-Rightist Campaign and performed hard labour in the "Great Northern Wilderness" for three years, and was again persecuted during the Cultural Revolution. His wife, the celebrated pingju actress Xin Fengxia, refused to divorce him and became disabled after undergoing beatings and penal labour. Despite these ordeals, Wu continued to criticize government censorship and to call for political freedom, and was widely admired for his moral conviction.

The result was a hold for the Liberal Party with Mond obtaining a slightly increased majority of 4,409 votes, although their share of the poll was marginally reduced. This time it was Labour that secured second place, with Stephens coming third.F W S Craig, British Parliamentary Election Results 1918-1949; Political Reference Publications, Glasgow 1949, p551 Alfred Mond This must have been a disappointment to the Conservatives who were said to have fought the election hard. Labour could probably take the most comfort from the result, given the difficult time the minority Labour government was experiencing at Westminster.

Curiously, the tribunal declined to try hundreds of people including the members of the execution squad who could easily have been included. Lammerding and Kowatsch, that latter of which had died in March 1945 on the Eastern Front near the Hungarian border, were condemned to death in absentia; Hoff and Wulf received 10 years of hard labour and Paula Geissler received 3 years in prison. After an appeal before the tribunal of Marseille, Hoff's sentence was reduced, on 27 May 1952, to 5 years inclusive of time served. Hoff was released following the sentencing in his appeal.

In 2012, Dane Lewis launched a legal challenge to Jamaica's Offenses Against Persons Act of 1864, commonly known as the "buggery" laws, on the grounds that they are unconstitutional and promote homophobia throughout the Caribbean. The legal challenge was taken to the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights. The Offenses Against Persons Act does not formally ban homosexuality, but clause 76 provides for up to 10 years' imprisonment, with or without hard labour, for anyone convicted of the "abominable crime of buggery committed either with mankind or any animal". Two further clauses outlaw attempted buggery and gross indecency between two men.

The first recorded significant incident between the ǃKora people and the colonial government occurred in 1869, when a Griqua and Scottish trader were robbed along the southern bank of the Orange River. Piet Rooi, the leader of another nomadic ǃKora group, was held responsible for the robbery, and as punishment was lashed and committed to three months hard labour. He was subsequently released on account of insufficient evidence against him. The treatment he received did not sit well with many of the ǃIkora raiders, and this spurred them into increased levels of livestock pillaging that belonged to the settlers throughout the region.

John (Julian) Alexander Salmon Stuart was born in Raymond Terrace, New South Wales and grew up on the Clarence River. After a short-lived career as a school teacher and then as a clerk in Sydney, Stuart began to live the life of an itinerant worker, moving about rural New South Wales and Queensland. As he became more aware of the poor working conditions of shearers and other farm workers, he became more and more involved with the budding trade union movement. As one of the leaders of the 1891 Australian shearers' strike, Stuart was jailed and sentenced to three years’ imprisonment with hard labour.

On a low turnout, Mott-Radclyffe held the seat for the Conservatives, but with a majority of only 17%, a surprisingly good result for Douglas-Home. Mott-Radclyffe served as Windsor's MP until he retired from the House of Commons at the 1970 general election Douglas-Home went on to contest the Clay Cross by-election in April 1944, where he came a poor third, and was later imprisoned for a year with hard labour after being court-martialled for refusing to fight in the attack on Le Havre after the allied forces had refused a German request to suspend hostilities to allow civilian evacuation.

This second time Stephen Hobhouse was court-martialled and sentenced to two years imprisonment with hard labour in Exeter Jail. For long periods he was also in solitary confinement as he refused to obey the ‘Rule of Silence’ which forbad prisoners to speak to each other. Always of a delicate constitution, this prison experience seriously undermined Hobhouse’s health and in December 1917, along with four other conscientious objectors also in poor health, he was released: the authorities fearing the effect on public opinion of their deaths in prison For details of Stephen Hobhouse’s court martial and imprisonment see his autobiography: ‘Forty Years and an Epilogue’, chapters 14&15 .

For the next year, while Rosa continued teaching and living in Hoxton, her husband explored the possibility of earning his living as an untrained, though not entirely inexperienced gardener, lodging with friends in various country locations. However, it soon became apparent that Stephen Hobhouse with is undermined constitution did not have sufficient physical health for such sustained hard labour. Rosa consequently resigned her Stepney job, gave up the tenancy on their Hoxton flat and joined her husband for a year at Ditchling, East Sussex where he had found employment with the St Dominic’s Press, editing Greek and Latin texts. From 1924 until 1929 they lived in Stanford-le-Hope, Essex.

On 13 June 1906 British officers shot pigeons for sport in Denshawai, an Egyptian village whose inhabitants were pigeon farmers, resulting in a clash between the officers and several villagers. One villager, falsely accused of murder was killed on the spot. Four villagers were hanged and others punished by jail sentences, hard labour and lashings. The Denshawai Incident proved a turning point in the history of the British occupation of Egypt, starting a fierce political debate both in Egypt and Britain in which intellectuals and men of letters participated, eventually causing the resignation of Lord Cromer, the redoubtable British Consul General and de facto ruler of Egypt since 1882.

Evading capture by hiding in a swamp, then moving house to house, he was given refuge in the home of an elderly lady. Ten days later, after a message was sent via a Latvian Forest brother, a nurse from Latvia came secretly to the house and amputated his badly injured arm. After recovering from this near death experience, he was to spend another seven years in the forest. Eventually captured in 1952 by the KGB, he was sentenced to 25 years' hard labour and spent the next 15 years in various prison camps in the Ural mountains and in Mordovia, eventually being released in 1967.

The trial of the three men was overseen by Chief Justice Frederick Matthew Darley, who informed the jury he thought Dwyer was obviously guilty before they began deliberating. In his autobiography, Dwyer said he could not blame Darley for doing so, as he thought his guilt was obvious as well; during the trial Dwyer advised his lawyer he wished to change his plea to guilty though his lawyer advised him not to, saying he would be acquitted. The jury found all three guilty; Dwyer was convicted of forgery and uttering on 16 June 1899. Craig and Miller were given one and two years hard labour respectively.

The routine for prisoners was regulated by a system of bells, and enforced by punishments; prisoners who obeyed the rules would be promoted to the second floor – whereby they would be allowed to work in the yards everyday. Male prisoners would perform hard labour – including breaking rocks, and other duties in the stone quarries, while women would sew, clean and cook. Women would also make shirts and waistcoats for male prisoners, as well as act as domestic servants for the governor and his family. Prisoners who had become trusted, those nearing the completion of their sentence, and debtors, were housed on the third floor communal cells.

In December 1940, Möller was once again arrested and this time he was prosecuted and on 7 March 1940 he was sentenced to ten years hard labour for "attempted rape and assault with death occurring". Möller appealed his sentence, but his sentence was upheld in two more appeals and, on 26 June 1942, his sentence was finalised. However, over the following years the trial received a lot of criticism and accusations of false testaments, with rewards for those who testified against Möller. In 1984, one of the witnesses against Möller at his trial revealed that they had falsely testified that they saw Möller with Gerd Johansson.

UPND Welcomes Liato after Resignation from MMD Zambia Reports, 22 August 2012 In 2011 Liato was convicted of possession of money reasonably suspected to be the proceeds of crime. Although the ruling was initially overturned by Lusaka High Court, the State took the case to the Supreme Court, and in 2015 he was jailed with hard labour for 24 months and was also ordered to forfeit his farm and K2.1m that had been found buried on his land.Supreme Court sends former Minister Austin Liato to Jail for 24 months Lusaka Times, 3 June 2015 However, he was released from prison in August on compassionate grounds after spending a month in hospital.

Some critics found Leskov's heroes virtuous beyond belief, but he insisted they were not fantasies, but more like reminiscences of his earlier encounters. "I credit myself with having some ability for analyzing characters and their motives, but I'm hopless at fantasizing. Making up things is hard labour for me, so I've always felt the need for having before me real faces which could intrigue me with their spirituality; then they get hold of me and I infuse them with new life, using some real-life stories as a basis," he wrote later in the Varshavsky Dnevnik newspaper.The Works of N.S. Leskov in 11 volumes. Khudozhestvennaya Literatura Publishers. Moscow. 1956–1958.

The trial spun into a political event pitting Ottoman/Sunni interests against Shiʻa/Persian interests – the Sunni clergy wanted Bastamí to be immediately executed while the Shiʻa clergy insisted only on banishment and Persian politicians requested his removal to Persia. Instead, in April, he was transferred to Istanbul where he was further sentenced to hard labour in Istanbul's docks. Persian politicians continued insisting but when the Ottoman's finally agreed, 4 December 1846, it was found he had died a few days later and was accounted to be the first Bábi martyr by Bábis and Baháʼís. After his death a visitation prayer was revealed by the Báb in his honor.

From looking at the types of occupations, males had an occupation that usually involved some type of labour whereas females either did not have an occupation or did not have occupation that involved hard labour. It is also evident to show that only three males either had an unknown occupation or didn't have a specific occupation. This was most likely due to males being seen in society as those to provide an income for their families whilst the females stayed at home and were expected to look after the children and their homes for their husbands. Although, at this time in history, there was gender inequality and men were usually employed.

The wards were seedbeds of disease and contagion, often infested with rats and cockroaches. Casuals had to work and sleep in solitary confinement, even if not convicted of an offence. It was this incarceration that was perceptibly dichotomous for any defining feature of respectability for the deserving man. Nowadays it would be axiomatic to condemn stone-breaking as unskilled, but in 1900 it was considered a skilled job. Being thus condemned to mind-numbing casual hard labour, a man could not recover his status, and was thus permanently in a ‘poverty trap.’ Oakum picking was “demoralising” to an out-of-work navvy moving between jobs.

Later, however, the South Vietnamese military junta tried and Đặng and sentenced him to death in 1964 for charges including shooting into an unarmed crowd, having armored vehicles ran over protesters, and using dangerous, high explosives for crowd control. Đặng, primarily on his own, maintained his and his men's innocence. When the military tribunal pronounced sentence, thousands lined the streets in protest, prompting some international observers to speculate that an internal civil war was about to erupt."Death Sentence Asked for Vietnamese Major" Facing internal unrest and U.S. government disapproval, Khánh commuted Đặng's death sentence to life with hard labour at Côn Sơn with payments to victims' families.

Dynamite made his escape but was later caught and sent back to Lake Nash for trial. In 1917 some 800 head of cattle were stolen from the station with two men, Thomas Hanlan and James Wickham, being arrested after they were found in possession of 200 of the stolen cattle near Frew River. Both men were found to be guilty and sentenced to five years hard labour and fined £100. By 1923 the size of the property was estimated at and was one of the larger runs in the Northern Territory, although it was dwarfed by the largest of the day; Victoria River Downs, which occupied .

At the same time, he began writing articles on Jacobitism and developing his interest in socialism and the Labour Party. He joined the Legitimist Jacobite League of Great Britain and Ireland the leading group in the Neo-Jacobite Revival of the 1890s. In April 1906, Millard was arrested at Iffley and charged with two counts of gross indecency under the 1885 Labouchere Amendment to the Criminal Law Act which criminalised all sexual acts between men. He pleaded guilty to avoid a third more serious charge of sodomy, which carried a maximum penalty of ten years' penal servitude, and was sentenced to three months' imprisonment with hard labour.

In July 2010, McGuinness, having led Donegal to the 2010 All-Ireland U-21 Football Championship Final, was appointed as manager of the senior team when his colleague John Joe Doherty resigned in the wake of a disastrous season. His first meeting with the downcast and "demoralised" senior panel occurred at Downings Bay Hotel on 6 November 2010. He outlined his intentions: to be in the 2014 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final after four years of hard labour akin to an Olympiad. McGuinness drafted Kevin Cassidy into his first McKenna Cup panel, despite Cassidy announcing his intention to retire the previous season's disappointing campaign.

Sahay met with a fatal road accident on 3 June 1974 just after winning the election, on his way back to his native place Hazaribag. Among the leaders of Bihar belonging to the 20th century, whom the people of this state would long remember for the constructive and invaluable services rendered towards the progress of Bihar, Sahay would certainly find a prominent place. His life is a superb example of how a man can attain his cherished dream by dogged determination, systematic planning and hard labour. His dream of an independent India and an ever progressing Bihar for which he sacrificed his whole life.

His elder son, also named George Bennet (1870–1928), was later well-known as a pastoralist and racehorse owner. Alexander W. T. Grant-Thorold and Henry L'Estrange, trading as "Grant & Stokes" acquired the property previous to 1889 when they took delivery of 500 bullocks for the station and then sold off 1,000 in 1890, followed by another 2,500 in 1891. Cattle stealing was a problem at Macumba in 1891 with two cases being heard in court. George Bishop, Arthur Hutchinson and Thomas Bennett were all charged with stealing and although Bennett was acquitted the other two were found guilty and sentenced to two years hard labour.

In October 1900 Jenkins was convicted, along with fellow prostitutes Mary Ann Rumph and Mary Ann Howlett, of the theft of a half sovereign and half crown (12s 6d in total, about £ in terms) from Benjamin Williams in the Bird-in-Hand pub in the High Street. All three were sentenced to a month's hard labour. On her release Jenkins again avoided the attention of the police, other than a single conviction for public drunkenness for which she received a seven-day prison sentence. She moved into new accommodation in Neptune Court, and in May 1901 married shoemaker Ebenezer Rushbrook, with whom she had lived for the previous five months.

Due to his leadership role in Scouting, the Gestapo issued a warrant for Tomaszewski's immediate arrest, obliging him to escape into Soviet controlled Przemyśl by crossing the river San under cover of darkness. Unknown to him, a similar warrant had been issued by the Soviet secret police, the NKVD, and he was captured and sentenced to 15 years hard labour in Siberia for "counter-revolutionary activity". Within the first two years of imprisonment, Tomaszewski (and his known aliases) are recorded to have escaped seven times from the Soviet authorities. He was, during his seventh attempt, preparing to cross Afghanistan into British controlled India when the Polish-Soviet Armistice was signed.

USTC was moved to Hefei, the capital of Anhui Province, where it remains to this day. Upon arriving in Hefei in 1969, Fang, along with other "problematic members" of the faculty, were sent to do hard labour for "re- education by the worker class" in a coal mine. Fang secretly brought with him one physics book, the "Classical Theory of Fields" by Lev Landau and learned the theory of general relativity by reading this book in the evening. Later, in 1971, along with a number of other faculty members, he was assigned to do labour work in a brick factory, which produced the bricks for constructing the USTC university buildings.

Once the court had passed sentence there was a wide range of punishment available to the authorities. Capital offences were dealt with at Monmouth County Gaol, as were whippings and sentences of hard labour. Although a police force of four constables and a sergeant was established in Monmouth in 1836, uncertain finances meant that within two years the force was reduced to just two constables. Four railways were built to serve Monmouth between 1857 and 1883: the Coleford, Monmouth, Usk and Pontypool Railway, the Ross and Monmouth Railway, the Wye Valley Railway, and the Coleford Railway. All of these closed between 1917 and 1964.

" As it transpired, neither Wilkinson nor Pendle were the offenders. 'The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser' (SG&NSWA;) of Sunday 25 March 1804, page 2, said "Hen. Wright was shortly since convicted of a violent assault upon an infant, and it being his third heinous offence received a severe corporal punishment, and a sentence of three years hard labour for the Crown, during the whole term to be exposed in the stocks for the space of two hours upon every Saturday. Such is the nature of the crime, that the miscreant is precluded from every hope of commiseration, and lives the object of reproach and scorn.

It was rumoured that he rode around in feminine attire and rode sidesaddle to avoid detection. In 1877, Hart was convicted of horse theft and illegal use of a horse and sentenced to 12 months hard labour in HM Prison Beechworth. When he was released with the usual remission period he promised to work, and he kept his promise—seeing as he never specified where he would work. One of the Kelly brothers (most likely Dan, as he and Hart were friends and had likely met in gaol at some point) came to his property and asked him to help them pan for gold.

In October 1982, Lindy is found guilty and immediately sentenced to life imprisonment with hard labour, while Michael is found guilty as an accessory and given an 18-month suspended sentence. More than three years later, while searching for the body of an English tourist who fell from Uluru, police discover clothing that is identified as the jacket Lindy had insisted Azaria was wearing over her jumpsuit, which had been recovered early in the investigation. She is immediately released from prison, the case is reopened and all convictions against the Chamberlains overturned. The film ends with Michael commenting on the ongoing battle to clear the family’s name.

In 1919, the cavalry, artillery and draught horses that had served in the British Army in the Egypt and Palestine campaigns of World War I had been sold in their many thousands to a life of continuous hard labour and a painful old age. Many had been requisitioned in England and had served in the British Yeomanry. Some had seen active service on the Western Front before being drafted as remounts to the Near East.p. 166, Marquess of Anglesey, A HIstory of the British Cavalry, Vol. 8 Strict quarantine restrictions prevented the repatriation of the horses of the Australian and New Zealand Mounted Infantry.

1845 painting of the Rideau Canal, “Sappers’ Bridge, and Lower Town by Thomas Burrowes Corktown, not a town at all, was a series of shanties along the "Deep Cut" section of the Rideau Canal in Ottawa which existed during its construction and were erected by some of its Irish labourers. Many of the workers came penniless from County Cork in Ireland, giving it its name. The settlement along both sides of the canal was allowed by Colonel By due to their desperate poverty and inability to pay rent. These men, separated from the others, had done some of the hard labour required of the canal's construction.

On 10 November 1853 Suart married Christiana Eliza Wood. In 1854 Stuart investigated the embezzlement of funds from the bank's Ballarat branch by its manager, George D. Lang, son of John Dunmore Lang, who was convicted and sentenced to five years hard labour as a result. John Dunmore Lang published an attack on Stuart and the bank, The Convicts' Bank; or a Plain Statement of the Case of Alleged Embezzlement, and as a result Lang was charged and convicted of criminal libel and served six months in prison. In 1855 Stuart accepted a partnership in R. Towns and Company, merchants, and became well known as a business man in Sydney.

In December 1958 he attended the first All- African Peoples' Conference in Accra, Ghana. On 25 January 1959 he was present at the famous forest meeting in Limbe, generally regarded as the precursor of the troubles that broke out shortly afterwards in Nyasaland (now Malawi). Two weeks later, on 10 February, Nyandoro was sentenced to four months hard labour in Marondera for a contravention of the Public Order Act arising out of a meeting which he had addressed at Chumachanga on 4 January. On 26 February, a state of emergency was declared and hundreds of active members of the ANC and their leaders (including George Nyandoro) were detained.

Whelan was born in Paddington to Irish parents and grew up in North West London. His mother worked in a sweet shop at Euston station and his father was a bricklayer. Whelan credited his father with politicising him, although both his parents had left-wing views: his father was a member of the Socialist Workers Party whilst he described his mother's beliefs as "hard Labour". He passed his eleven-plus and attended London Oratory School: he planned to attend university after leaving school, however he entered employment instead after his father suffered injuries from a fall from some scaffolding and was unable to continue working.

The mines were so significant, that they became a landmark and part of a treaty in 1768 to establish the lands of Great Britain and the Native Americans in the Treaty of Hard Labour and the Treaty of Fort Stanwix. "..the treaty at Fort Stanwix, John Stuart on behalf of Great Britain had negotiated with the Cherokee tribe the treaty of Hard Labor, South Carolina, October 14, by which the boundary line was continued direct from Tryon Mountain to Colonel Chiswell's mine (present Wytheville, Virginia), and thence in a straight line to the mouth of the Great Kanawha.""Treaty of Long Island of Holston".

Amelia Elizabeth Dyer (born Hobley; 1836 – 10 June 1896) was one of the most prolific serial killers in history, murdering infants in her care over a 30-year period in Victorian Britain."'Baby Farming' – a tragedy of Victorian times.". Retrieved 2008-10-28 Trained as a nurse, and widowed in 1869, she turned to baby farming—the practice of adopting unwanted infants in exchange for money—to support herself. She initially cared for the children legitimately, in addition to having two of her own, but whether intentionally or not, a number of them died in her care, leading to a conviction for neglect and six months' hard labour.

On 30 October 1941, Charles de Gaulle, leader of the Free French, broadcast on the BBC from London, encouraging a national "Stand to Attention", in which French people would observe a five-minute silence in memory of those killed by the Germans, as a protest against the occupation of France. In 1943, when Garcin-Mayade encouraged her pupils to participate in another such exercise, two of them reported her to the authorities, and she was arrested and sentenced to five years' hard labour. On 10 May 1944, she was deported to Ravensbrück concentration camp. While at Ravensbrück she was accused of sabotage and was transferred to a punishment camp at Rechlin.

In 1836, he is on his way to becoming a governmental minister and becoming a peer of France. 1839 – Le Député d'Arcis (1847, unfinished) – Rastignac is minister for the second time (of Public Works), he has been made Comte (ranking as a peer of France), his brother-in-law Roche-Hugon is now an ambassador and Councillor of State (equivalent to senator), and he is regarded as indispensable to the government. "After 20 at hard labour" Rastignac has recently married the daughter of Delphine and Baron de Nucingen (their only child, and thus the inheritor of their vast fortune). Rastignac is admired for his ability to convert political opponents.

Peter Joseph Niesewand (30 June 1944 - 4 February 1983), journalist and novelist, was born in South Africa but grew up in Rhodesia where he ran a news bureau, filing for the BBC, United Press, AFP, and many newspapers, notably the Guardian. On 20 February 1973 he was arrested and spent 73 days in solitary confinement for his criticism of conditions under Ian Smith's government and his coverage of the guerrilla war. His sentence of two years hard labour for revealing official secrets was commuted on appeal after an international outcry. He was deported on release from prison, leaving behind his wife of three years, Nonie, and young son Oliver.

Dzu was arrested and brought before a Special Military Court on 26 July 1968 and sentenced to five years of hard labour, but due to public pressure in South Vietnam and abroad, he was released after only five months. After the fall of Saigon in April 1975, accused of contacts with American officials and the Central Intelligence Agency, Dzu was sent to a re-education camp by the new communist government. He is believed to have died in the mid-1980s. Dzu's son, David Truong, who was living in the United States since the mid-1960s, was in 1978 convicted of espionage for the Vietnamese government.

While yearning for home and his wife - the love of his life - he was subjected to years of humiliation by his commanders, to hard labour, hunger and devastating cold. At the end of 1944, after the Nazis had occupied Hungary and his company was stationed in Romania, he managed to escape and hide in Romanian villages, thereby saving his life. Upon returning home in 1945 after the war, he found out that his parents and many of his relatives had been murdered. Only his sister and wife survived. In 1945 Ladányi became a member of the newly established Hungarian Writers’ Association. He published poetry, articles, plays and children’s stories.

The museum covers the military POWs in the local Stalag XXI-A, as well as sub-camps of the Oflag XXI C (Oflag XXI-C in Schokken, Oflag XXI-C/Z in Grune bei Lissa and Stalag III-A and Oflag III-A of Luckenwalde). The museum has future plans to cover POWs in Stalag Luft III (Sagan) and Marlag und Milag Nord (Tarmstedt an der Timke). Later still, other groups of prisoners, such as interned civilians, police prisoners and students will be covered. Prisoners in KZ- and NN-camps, in hard labour camps and jails (political prisoners and “criminals”), as well as prisoners in Norway, will not be included.

Falkenhausen and Reeder were sent to Belgium for trial in 1948, where they were held on remand for three years. A trial for their role in the deportation of Jews from Belgium but not for their deaths in Auschwitz, began in Brussels on 9 March 1951 and they were defended by the lawyer Ernst Achenbach. During the trial, Falkenhausen was vouched for by Qian Xiuling, former French Prime Minister Léon Blum and a number of Belgian Jews, who gave evidence that Falkenhausen and Reeder had tried to save Belgian and Jewish lives. Nevertheless, on 9 July 1951 they were convicted and sentenced to twelve years hard labour in Germany.

Reid Mortensen, (2009), "Slaving In Australian Courts: Blackbirding Cases, 1869–1871", Journal of South Pacific Law, 13:1, accessed 7 October 2010 Examples of blackbirding outside the South Pacific include the early days of the pearling industry in Western Australia at Nickol Bay and Broome, where Aboriginal Australians were blackbirded from the surrounding areas. The practice of blackbirding has continued to the present day. One example is the kidnapping and coercion, often at gunpoint, of indigenous peoples in Central America to work as plantation labourers in the region. They are subjected to poor living conditions, are exposed to heavy pesticide loads, and do hard labour for very little pay.

Mukhtar was arrested in an attempted murder case in 1952 in Kohat and was sentenced to seven years hard labour. After a year and a half in the D. I. Khan Jail, he was sent to the Peshawar Jail, where he remained for the next 18 years without being charged with any crime. In 1970, when someone noticed his continued incarceration, he was released but was rearrested in Karachi where he remained until 1987 when he was discovered by Ansar Burney who took this matter to the Sindh High Court and he was finally released. Mukhtar had spent a total of 35 years in jail.

In Somalia, Kelly was actively involved in the prosecution of the warlord Hussan Gutaale Abdul. Gutaale, who among many other things had attacked and killed 16 aid workers and repeatedly driven an armoured car into emaciated refugees awaiting food distribution, was arrested by an Australian patrol, held in a cage at Baidoa airport and later flown to Mogadishu to be held by US forces. He was found guilty of 31 counts of murder by a panel of three judges and sentenced to 20 years' hard labour. Appeals were immediately made, with the prosecution demanding the death penalty mandatory for murder under the Somali Penal Code.

He refused to confess to these charges and conducted his own defence, which, according to Hartmann, the presiding judge denounced as a "waste of time". Sentenced to 25 years of hard labour, he refused to work, and was put into solitary confinement, which led to a riot by some of his fellow detainees, who overpowered the guards, and temporarily freed him. He made a complaint to the Kommandants office, asking for a representative from Moscow and an international inspection, as well as a new trial hearing to overturn his sentence. This was refused, and he was transferred to a camp in Novocherkassk, where he spent five more months in solitary confinement.

Near the end of the siege, T. E. Lawrence and Aubrey Herbert of British Intelligence unsuccessfully tried to bribe Khalil Pasha to allow the troops to escape. Townshend, with some 8,000 surviving soldiers, finally surrendered Kut on April 29, 1916. The captured soldiers were divided, where the officers were sent to separate facilities, and many of the enlisted soldiers were impressed into hard labour until the surrender of the Ottoman Empire; more than half of them died. The British went back on the offensive in December 1916 with a larger and better-supplied force under General Sir Frederick Stanley Maude and retook Kut on February 23, 1917.

Bevan, 1973 page 237 Judge Jeffreys The subsequent Bloody Assizes of Judge Jeffreys were a series of trials of Monmouth's supporters in which 320 people were condemned to death and around 800 sentenced to be transported to the West Indies, for ten years' hard labour. James II took advantage of the suppression of the rebellion to consolidate his power. He asked Parliament to repeal the Test Act and the Habeas Corpus Act, used his dispensing power to appoint Roman Catholics to senior posts, and raised the strength of the standing army. Parliament opposed many of these moves, and on 20 November 1685 James dismissed it.

Due to the Poor Laws, vagrants to receive and poverty relief had to seek it from the parish where they were last legally settled, often the parish where they were born. This led to a system of convicted vagrants being 'passed' from parish to parish from where they had been convicted and punished to their own parish. The 'pass' system led to them being transported by vagrancy contractors, a system found to be open to abuses and fraud. It also found that in many instances the punishment for vagrancy offences were insufficient and certain types of vagrants should be given longer prison sentences and made to complete hard labour during it.

2000 AD prog 552 Their standard issue firearm is the Lawgiver handgun, which can fire six different kinds of ammunition. It has a handprint-reading sensor which only allows its owner to use it, and a self-destruct device to kill or maim unauthorised users. Judges ride Lawmaster bikes, which are heavily armed and have artificial intelligence. The Judges themselves are not above the law – a violation that would earn a citizen a few months in an Iso[lation]-Cube may earn a Judge a twenty-year sentence of hard labour on Saturn's moon, Titan, after surgical modification to enable the convict to survive Titan's atmosphere.

Sentences of life imprisonment at hard labour or death penalty - executions can be public - are thus numerous. A one-party system was introduced in 1966. Ahidjo placed the blame for Cameroon's underdevelopment and poorly implemented town and public planning policies on Cameroon's federal structure, as well as charging federalism with maintaining cleavages and issues between the Anglophone and Francophone parts of Cameroon. Ahidjo's government also argued that managing separate governments in a poor country was too expensive. Ahidjo announced on 6 May 1972, that he wanted to abolish the federation and put a unitary state into place if the electorate supported the idea in a referendum set for 20 May 1972.

Qiao Xuan later became the Chancellor () of the Qi State (齊國; around present-day Zibo, Shandong). On one occasion, he committed an offence and stripped of his post and sent to perform hard labour. After serving his sentence, he was allowed to rejoin the civil service and appointed as the Administrator () of Shanggu Commandery (上谷郡; around present-day Yanqing District, Beijing) and later as the Administrator of Hanyang Commandery (漢陽郡; around present-day Tianshui, Gansu). While he was in office, Qiao Xuan heard that Huangfu Zhen (), the Prefect () of Shanggui County (上邽縣; in present-day Tianshui, Gansu), was guilty of corruption.

The narrator, Aleksandr Petrovich Goryanchikov, has been sentenced to deportation to Siberia and ten years of hard labour for murdering his wife. Life in prison is particularly hard for Aleksandr Petrovich, since he is a "gentleman" and suffers the malice of the other prisoners, nearly all of whom belong to the peasantry. Gradually Goryanchikov overcomes his revulsion at his situation and his fellow convicts, undergoing a spiritual re-awakening that culminates with his release from the camp. It is a work of great humanity; Dostoevsky portrays the inmates of the prison with sympathy for their plight, and also expresses admiration for their energy, ingenuity and talent.

Dr Edward Smith FRS (1819–1874) was a British physician and medical writer, born at Heanor, Derbyshire. According to his obituary, he failed to inspire the friendship of his colleagues, but more recent evaluations have noted that he "deserves to be better remembered by nutritionists, both for his contributions to the physiological basis of nutrition, and for his pioneering field surveys of dietary intake in relation to need among low income social groups". He worked out that prisoners who were fed on a diet of 93% carbohydrates would not be able to perform hard labour (and would therefore be more likely to resort to crime).

They accused him of piracy because of the looting of the Portuguese ship at Cape Frio; a purse had been found among his possessions with 96 moidores, and he faced hanging or hard labour in the mines. There was uncertainty as to whether the Lima authorities could try him for a crime against the Portuguese, and with Shelvocke's reputation poor even among the British (he was arrested and briefly imprisoned for the incident upon his return, though acquitted due to lack of witnesses), they decided the expedition commander was probably the responsible party. Hatley was released in 1723. What became of Hatley after 1723 is uncertain.

He was particularly noted for both his anti-Semitism and his anti-Americanism and in 1942 he produced his most notorious work L'Amérique juive, in which he sought to demonstrate that the United States was controlled by Jews and that these Jews were bent on controlling the world.Seth D. Armus, French Anti-Americanism (1930-1948): Critical Moments in a Complex History, Lexington Books, 2007, p. 10 In August 1944 he moved to Bad Mergentheim, where he helped run a French newspaper and radio station, before ultimately fleeing to Switzerland. Arrested at Innsbruck, he was condemned to death in November 1946, before the sentence was commuted to life with hard labour.

However, after undergoing a conversion of life between 1660 and 1662, de Rancé renounced his possessions, formally joined the abbey, and became its regular abbot in 1663.leftIn 1664, in reaction to the relaxation of practices in many Cistercian monasteries, de Rancé introduced an austere reform. de Rancé's reform was first and foremost centered on penitence; it prescribed hard manual labour, silence, a meagre diet, isolation from the world, and renunciation of most studies. The hard labour was in part a penitential exercise, in part a way of keeping the monastery self-supportive so that communication with the world might be kept at a minimum.

In 1900, the Tiflis Committee of the Russian Social- Democratic Labour Party was established upon his initiative. He was in charge of the May-Day demonstrations in Tiflis, but was arrested on 22 March 1901 and spent two years in prison after which he was deported to Yakut Region. On his escape from Yakutsk he participated in the armed resistance of the exiles against the authorities, for which he was sentenced to twelve years' hard labour. After being amnestied, in the 1905-revolution he became the chairman of the Soviet of Workers', Soldiers' and Cossacks' Deputies in Chita, often referred to as the Chita Republic.

Prisoners picking oakum at Coldbath Fields Prison in London, circa 1864. Penal servitude was abolished for England and Wales by section 1(1) of the Criminal Justice Act 1948.section 1(1) of the Criminal Justice Act 1948 Every enactment conferring power on a court to pass a sentence of penal servitude in any case must be construed as conferring power to pass a sentence of imprisonment for a term not exceeding the maximum term of penal servitude for which a sentence could have been passed in that case immediately before the commencement of that Act. Imprisonment with hard labour was abolished by section 1(2) of that Act.

Penal servitude was abolished for Northern Ireland by section 1(1) of the Criminal Justice Act (Northern Ireland) 1953.section 1(1) of the Criminal Justice Act (Northern Ireland) 1953 Every enactment which operated to empower a court to pass a sentence of penal servitude in any case now operates so as to empower that court to pass a sentence of imprisonment for a term not exceeding the maximum term of penal servitude for which a sentence could have been passed in that case immediately before the commencement of that Act. Imprisonment with hard labour was abolished by section 1(2) of that Act.

Craggs was held in remand due to the seriousness of the crime (as 8 people were in the house) and sentenced at the Assizes court in Oxford, bailed at £1000, half was provided by Ethel Smyth. Craggs was sent for 9 months with hard labour in Oxford Prison, and wrote thanking Hugh Franklin for allegedly getting photographs of the property. Craggs was moved to Holloway Prison, again went on hunger strike and was force fed five times in two days and suffered internal and external brusing for 11 days then released due to her health. Lewis Harcourt gave £1000 donation to the League for Opposing Women's Suffrage.

Wilde's two final comedies, An Ideal Husband and The Importance of Being Earnest, were still on stage in London at the time of his prosecution, and they were soon closed as the details of his case became public. After two years in prison with hard labour, Wilde went into exile in Paris, sick and depressed, his reputation destroyed in England. In 1898, when no one else would, Leonard Smithers agreed with Wilde to publish the two final plays. Wilde proved to be a diligent reviser, sending detailed instructions on stage directions, character listings and the presentation of the book, and insisting that a playbill from the first performance be reproduced inside.

The Empire, 27 September 1862, page 5The Maitland Mercury and Hunter River General Advertiser, 30 September 1862, page 2 He pleaded guilty to stealing 200 pounds and was sentenced to two years' imprisonment with hard labour. In passing sentence the judge noted that Barron had committed "nine or ten different acts of forgery by altering the books".The Sydney Morning Herald, 14 November 1862, page 8 Barron is reported to have arrived in Auckland in 1864, where he found work as a reporter and editor with the New Zealander newspaper. In 1866 he moved to Wellington to become the editor of the New Zealand Advertiser.

The Pilot is forced to request the Controller reveal his true face at the Doctor's insistence after being revealed to be hypnotised himself, with the group seeing an aged and terrified old man killed by the Macra: the Controller's true identity. The briefly disturbed Pilot regains his composure and orders the immediate arrest of the Doctor's group, with the Doctor, Polly and Jamie sentenced to hard labour in the most treacherous part of the mine. Medok has also been sentenced to life there after his reconditioning failed, and warns them of the area's high mortality rate. The Doctor is left topside while the others venture into the deeper workings.

On 11 July 1946, the Military Tribunal of Lviv garrison sentenced him to 10 years of hard labour (katorga) with five years of detention ("civil rights restriction") plus the confiscation of all his property. Makukh served his sentence in Dubravlag (Mordovia) and other GULAG camps in Siberia. On 18 July 1955, he was freed and exiled to a local settlement, where he met a woman who had also served 10 years imprisonment. In 1956, both managed to return to Ukraine, and being forbidden to return to their own region, they settled in Dnipropetrovsk (today Dnipro), where they married and Makukh worked as a schoolteacher.

The penalty for being convicted of rape was still death, and remained so until 1841. The Act also made it a felony punishable by death to carnally know a girl under the age of ten. Carnally knowing a girl over the age of ten and under the age of twelve was a misdemeanour punishable with imprisonment with the option of hard labour for a term to be determined by the court. The Act also affirmed that proof of penetration was sufficient to reach the conclusion that one person had had carnal knowledge of another; before the 1828 statute, victims of rape had to prove that the perpetrator ejaculated.

In 1820 he formally disbanded National Freemasonry and replaced it by another secret organization, Patriotic Society (Towarzystwo Patriotyczne). Its goal was not a revolution but to influence public opinion and improve the lot of the oppressed, like peasants and Jews. Memorial tablet in Zamość dedicated to Łukasiński He ended up on the wrong side of Prince Constantine when he refused to sign an order condemning some innocent Polish officers of negligent duty. Soon afterwards he was denounced by a traitor for his involvement with secret conspirational organizations, and he was arrested by the Russian authorities and sentenced to 7 years of hard labour in Zamość.

Langley was involved in the formation of the Amalgamated Society of Railway Servants in 1871, and served as its first president.Henry Pelling, A History of British Trade Unionism, pp.76–77 He also became chair of the board of the Artisans, Labourers and General Dwellings Company, and in this role, he worked with William Swindlehurst and Edward Saffery to buy estates cheaply, then sell them onto the company for a profit, a practice which Langley believed to be widespread and legal, if unethical. This was discovered in 1877, and the case was taken to trial; all were found guilty of conspiracy to defraud, and Langley was sentenced to eighteen months hard labour.

The Act was presented as being necessary to re-establish peace and law and order in Northern Ireland, and enabled the government to 'take all such steps and issue all such orders as may be necessary for preserving the peace and maintaining order', although it was specified that the ordinary course of law should be interfered with as little as possible. The Home Affairs Minister was empowered to make any regulation felt necessary to preserve law and order in Northern Ireland. Anyone who broke these regulations could be sentenced to up to a year in prison with hard labour, and in the case of some crimes, whipping.Paragraphs 4 and 5 of the Act.

Isobel Pagan's gravestone in Muirkirk graveyard Pagan was born in 1741, about 4 miles from Nith-head in the Parish of New Cumnock, where she lived until 14 years of age. Lame from birth with a deformed foot, she also had a squint and a large tumour on her side. Unsuited for hard labour she settled in a cottage now romantically situated on the banks of the Garpel water, where she made a living by writing verses, singing and opening her cottage as a howff – a meeting place and an unofficial pub where whisky and strong drink was served in a convivial atmosphere. She was in the habit of satirizing in verse those who had offended her.

The abduction agency used has also been widely discredited, with fake recovery stories being posted on Facebook and their operators having been arrested all over the world. The recovery involved the team waiting in a parked car on the street and then snatching the children from their grandmother and nanny before driving away. "A Lebanese judicial source" told The Guardian that the group were to be charged with "armed abduction, purveying threats and physical harm" – crimes which carry sentences of twenty years' imprisonment with hard labour. The group were released from custody only after Nine paid a substantial money settlement to the father of the children the subject of the abduction attempt.

Immediately before its repeal, in England and Wales, this section read: Repeals The words "and kept to hard labour" were repealed for England and Wales by section 1(2) of the Criminal Justice Act 1948 and for Northern Ireland by section 1(2) of the Criminal Justice Act (Northern Ireland) 1953. This section was repealed as it applied to England and Wales by section 1(1) of, and Group 5 of Part I of Schedule 1 to, the Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1989. It has not been replaced. This section was repealed for the Republic of Ireland by section 31 of, and the Schedule to, the Non-Fatal Offences against the Person Act 1997.

Homsi and Awadeh were arrested on espionage charges and sentenced to 15 years' hard labour; their arrests also led to a widely publicised wave of arrests of Lebanese citizens accused of spying for Israel. The newspaper claimed to have obtained a copy of an internal Israeli inquiry, which stated that Zygier began working for Mossad at age 23. He was sent to work in European companies doing business with Iran and Syria with the purpose of penetrating those countries. A year later, he was allowed to return to Australia to finish his academic studies, but before leaving for Australia, he tried to recruit new informants, during which he exposed information that led to the arrest of Homsi and Awadeh.

While living in Germany, Franks was part of an anti- fascist counter demonstration which failed to stop a Nazi parade in the city of Dessau. On Sunday 4 October 1936, Franks was arrested (and later sentenced to 28 days hard labour) while helping to block a march by the British Union of Fascists (BUF), during the The Battle of Cable Street. In 1936 Franks studied acting at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts, and later performed on numerous early BBC Television shows, including The Insect Play (1939) and The Pilgrims Progress (1939). Due to his political beliefs, Franks refused conscription to the British Army and he was imprisoned as a conscientious objector during World War Two.

Lü Zhi did not harm most of Gaozu's other consorts and treated them according to rules and customs of the imperial family. For example, consorts who bore male children that were instated as princes were granted the title of "Princess Dowager" () in their respective sons' principalities. One exception was Concubine Qi, whom Lü Zhi greatly resented because of the dispute over the succession between Liu Ruyi (Qi's son) and Liu Ying. Liu Ruyi, the Prince of Zhao, was away in his principality, so Lü Zhi targeted Concubine Qi. She had Qi stripped of her position, treated like a convict (head shaved, in stocks, dressed in prison garb) and forced to do hard labour in the form of milling rice.

The object of our investigation, therefore, is punishment in its specific manifestations' (ibid.). The books surveys the historic development of these 'specific manifestations', dividing the progression of punishment into three conceptual epochs: the early Middle Ages, which utilised penance and fines; the late Middle Ages, when sanctions became markedly more barbarous, including branding, mutilation, torture and execution; and then the coming of capitalism, where forms of punishment came to perceive the prisoner as a source of human labour, including galley slavery, transportation and penal servitude with hard labour. As the Enlightenment and the Modern period developed, prisons became more prominent. Overall the authors hold that punishment is a species of class domination.

Furthermore, one of Dolle's arms and one of his legs had not broken according to proper penal procedure. And finally the nail that was customarily hammered through the convict's brain in order to fasten him upon the wheel had been hammered in far too low. Many believed that Essmeyer's act of malpractice had been not so much a display of gross incompetence as a deliberate act of cruelty because just prior to his execution Dolle had converted from Catholicism to the Reformed Church. (Essmeyer was a devout Catholic.) The court did not find sufficient evidence for deliberate malice on Essmeyer's part but sentenced him to two years' hard labour and banned him from ever working again as an executioner.

These requests were not satisfactorily addressed by the Chinese authorities.[69] In November 2008 the United Nations Committee Against Torture noted its concern at the allegations and called for China to "immediately conduct or commission an independent investigation of the claims", and take measures "to ensure that those responsible for such abuses are prosecuted and punished".[7]Chinese dissident Harry Wu, who exposed organ harvesting from prison inmates at laogai (hard labour camps), questioned the credibility of the Sujiatun whistle-blowers. But Harry Wu's July 2006 article showed his views in his March 21 letter were formed before completing his investigation, so Harry Wu's views were not based on his full investigation.

A revolt of slaves was occurring in St. Croix, which increased the general fervour in the islands, but the free population of Tortola were much more concerned with two other grievances: the appointment of public officials, and the crackdown on smuggling. Although Tortola had sixteen coloured public officials, all except one were "foreigners" from outside the Territory. During the period of economic decline, smuggling had been one of the few lucrative sources of employment, and recent laws which imposed stringent financial penalties (with hard labour for non-payment) were unpopular. The anger was directed against the magistrates by the small shop keepers, and they concentrated their attack on the stipendiary magistrate, Isidore Dyett.

In January 1905, Lisette Ducros was the subject of an attempted blackmail by Frederick Paxton, who threatened to expose her relationship with "a Mr.... in the War Office", with whom she had a child, and accused her of "keeping a disorderly house" at her lodgings in Clarendon Street, Pimlico. At his trial at the Central Criminal Court on 8 February, Paxton was found guilty of demanding money with menaces, and sentenced to 18 months hard labour. Ruck's wife, Mary, died on 13 October 1914, but earlier that year, Lisette had married student-teacher Frank Hoare (1894–1980), who would later become a film and TV producer. Richard Ruck adopted the three children shortly after the death of his wife.

He fled the city and the Lebanese authorities announced he was wanted for "endangering national security". In May 2014 he was arrested in the city of Aley and, in a press conference, the Lebanese Interior Minister, Nouhad Machnouk, alleged that Bakri "has contributed in every aspect in supporting terrorism". In October 2014, Bakri was sentenced to six years in prison with hard labour by a Lebanese court for founding a Lebanese affiliate of the Al-Qaeda linked Syrian terrorist group Al-Nusra Front, and of building a training camp for Nusra Front fighters in Lebanon. The following year, two of Bakri's sons were killed fighting in the ranks of rival extremist group the Islamic State.

The police arrested him for stealing the dog. At the court hearing, the accused claimed that he was not stealing but rather had picked the dog up as it had strayed. Sir Edward was asked to attend the hearing as a witness to identify the dog. But, Sir Edward ‘proceeded to adjudicate in the case’ ’and as presiding magistrate’ questioned the dogstealer ‘in the usual way’. He then, after consulting his ‘brother Magistrates’ sentenced the accused to 14 days hard labour. Later the Home Secretary overturned the sentence, and although no official comment was made for the reason it was believed to be, because Sir Edward’s ‘conduct in taking part in the hearing of the case was illegal’.

The end of communism, the collapse of the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia, and easier global travel have contributed to an increase in human trafficking, with many victims being forced into prostitution, hard labour, agriculture, and domestic service. The conflicts in the former Yugoslavia have also been a key factor in the increase of human trafficking in Europe. The problem is particularly severe in Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany, Italy and Turkey; these countries, along with Thailand, Japan, Israel and the United States are listed by the UNODC as top destinations for victims of human trafficking. The Council of Europe Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings was adopted by the Council of Europe on 16 May 2005.

They were intended to embolden the "masses" and intimidate ("terrorise") the Tsarist government into political concessions. The SR Combat Organisation (SRCO), responsible for assassinating government officials, was initially led by Gershuni and operated separately from the party so as not to jeopardise its political actions. SRCO agents assassinated two Ministers of the Interior, Dmitry Sipyagin and Vyacheslav von Plehve, Grand Duke Sergei Aleksandrovich, the Governor of Ufa N. M. Bogdanovich and many other high-ranking officials. In 1903, Gershuni was betrayed by his deputy, Yevno Azef, an agent of the Okhrana secret police, arrested, convicted of terrorism and sentenced to life at hard labour, managing to escape, flee overseas and go into exile.

On 19 September 1899 PC Umpleby and PC Hockings attended the brothel, and "witnessed circumstances which irrefutably stamped the house as being used for immoral purposes". Sentenced to a £10 3s 6d fine (about £ in terms) or a month's hard labour, Jenkins told the judge "Oh, I'll take the month", and was duly sent to Swansea Prison on 2 October 1899. A report on the case in the Western Mail described Selina Jenkins as "a very young-looking woman". Shortly after her release she was arrested for disorderly conduct, and in November 1899 was sentenced to seven days' imprisonment, this time without being given the option to pay a fine in lieu of a custodial sentence.

The 3rd Bengal Light Cavalry, also known as the 3rd Bengal Native Cavalry, was a locally recruited regiment of the East India Company's Bengal Army. Raised in 1797, the regiment took part in conflicts throughout British India, serving with distinction in the Second Anglo-Maratha War, the First Anglo-Afghan War and the First Anglo-Sikh War, earning various battle honours. In April 1857, 85 men of the regiment refused to accept cartridges for their carbines and were tried by court-martial, convicted, and sentenced to up to 10 years' hard labour. After the men were imprisoned, the regiment freed their jailed comrades and headed to Delhi, where their arrival led to the outbreak of the Indian Mutiny.

During the inquiry, only one man expressed a concern regarding the greased cartridges; the wider concerns of the men were based on the perceived stigma that they would face if they had accepted the ammunition. The inquiry found that the men had no reasonable cause, and no religious grounds, to refuse to accept the cartridges. A court martial was ordered, again composed entirely of Indian officers (six Muslim, nine Hindu), and this took place over a three-day period with each of the 85 men giving a plea of "not guilty". The men were found guilty, by 14 of 15 officers, of disobeying orders, and were sentenced to 10 years' hard labour.

While his numerous followers were sent to prisons for hard labour in Equateur (Befale, Ekafela, etc.) and some were conscripted to fight in World War II beside Belgian troops, Mpadi was later sent to serve his sentence at the Central Prison of the then Elizabethville, known today as Lubumbashi of the Katanga province of the DRC. Mpadi and his followers, along with all Kimbangu's imprisoned followers (e.g. Emmanuel Bamba), were set free by an official decree around the DRC national independence day. In 1960, returning where he started he re-established his messianic movement across the south-western part of the DRC, the northern region of Angola and part of Congo-Brazzaville.

In addition, it did not regulate private sales of such firearms. The legislators laid some emphasis on the dangers of pistols in the hands of children and drunkards and made specific provisions regarding sales to these two groups: persons under 18 could be fined 40 shillings if they bought, hired, or carried a pistol, while anyone who sold a pistol to such a person could be fined £5. Anyone who sold a pistol to someone who was "intoxicated or of unsound mind" was liable to a fine of £25 or 3 months' imprisonment with hard labour. However, it was not an offence under the Act to give or lend a pistol to anyone belonging to the two groups.

Axel Nicolai Herlofson Axel Nicolai Herlofson (29 August 1845 in Østre Moland - 1910 in Christiania) was a Norwegian fraudster who is known for causing the Arendal crash, after defrauding customers and co-owners of Arendals Privatbank which he had co-founded in 1874. His scheme had some similarities to a Ponzi scheme, and he had systemically falsified the bank's accounts for several years to cover up being insolvent. In 1886 the bank went bankrupt, and an investigation of Herlofson was initiated. He attempted to flee the country, but was arrested in the last minute and sentenced to six years imprisonment with hard labour, which he served in Norway's strictest prison at Akershus Fortress.

By 1902, the Master and Servant Act 1823 had been modified to include forfeit of wages if the written or unwritten contract for work was unfulfilled. Absence from place of work was punishable by imprisonment of up to three months with or without hard labour. There were also penalties of up to £10 for anyone who harboured, concealed or re-employed a 'servant' who had deserted or absconded or absented himself from his duty implied in the 'contract'.Masters and Servants Act (1902) N.S.W. The Act was used against workers organising for better conditions from its inception until well after the first United Kingdom Trade Union Act 1871 was implemented, which secured the legal status of trade unions.

Noeline Brown, Noeline: Longterm Memoir (Hodder & Stoughton, Sydney, 2005), p.89 The appearance of Richard Walsh is notable because it established an explicit link between Mavis and the Sydney satirical magazine Oz, which at that time was the subject of a highly publicized censorship controversy. The three Oz co-editors—Walsh, Richard Neville and Martin Sharp – had recently been charged with producing an obscene publication, relating to satirical articles and photographs published in the magazine's early editions. In September 1964 the trio was found guilty of the obscenity charges, and there was a major public outcry when presiding magistrate Gerald Locke SM sentenced Walsh and Neville to six months' imprisonment with hard labour.

Imprisonment was not a sentence under Roman statutory law,Richard A. Bauman, Crime and Punishment in Ancient Rome (Routledge, 1996), p. 23. though detention is mentioned in the Twelve Tables and throughout the Digest.Fergus Millar, "Condemnation to Hard Labour in the Roman Empire, from the Julio- Claudians to Constantine," in Rome, the Greek World, and the East: Society and Culture in the Roman Empire (University of North Carolina Press, 2004), vol. 2, p. 131. "Detention," however, includes debt bondage in the early Republic;Edward M. Peters, "Prison before the Prison: The Ancient and Medieval Worlds," in The Oxford History of the Prison: The Practice of Punishment in West Society (Oxford University Press, 1995), p. 14.

Sloan was a sub-contractor for the cementing of ship's floors at the shipyard of Harland and Wolff in Belfast. He first came to attention as a supporter of the working class evangelical Protestant preacher Arthur Trew, and soon became a leading member of his Belfast Protestant Association. In 1901, Trew was sentenced to twelve months' hard labour after he incited an anti-Catholic riot, and Sloan took over his Sunday afternoon speeches on the steps of Belfast Customs House. Trew's imprisonment had increased interest, and Sloan was a superior speaker and organiser, and managed to secure his election at the by-election to the constituency of Belfast South on 18 August 1902, against the official unionist candidate.

"They (Maung Thaw Ka's articles) made people laugh and at the same time fill us with anger and pain," a Burmese from Rangoon said. He was severely tortured and beaten during his interrogation – he was also locked up in a small cell, according to his friend and fellow writer, Maung Sin Kye. He was arrested for writing a letter to a Navy military officer during the 1988 uprising; he was accused of trying to cause a mutiny in the army. He was sentenced to 20 years imprisonment with hard labour by a military tribunal on 5 October 1989 with the 1950 Emergency Act 5 (a), 5 (b)and 5/J; 122 (1).

104 In reality, Kampuchean leaders simply ignored the condition of the population in their own country and Vietnam; the Vietnamese, though poor, were in good physical condition, while Kampuchea's population was physically and mentally exhausted from years of hard labour, starvation and disease. In addition to the disparity in population, there was also a great disparity between the fighting capabilities of the armed forces of the two countries. In 1977, Vietnam was estimated to have 615,000 soldiers and 900 tanks, supported by a 12,000-member air force with 300 combat aircraft, including one squadron of light bombers. In comparison, Kampuchea had an army of 70,000, only a few heavy tanks, 200 armoured vehicles and limited air capability.

Love received acclaim after imposing the smallest of fines. In 1898 a man came before the Redfern Police Court after his son had only attended school for 62 days days in half a year, out of 112 school days. The boy's attendance was 8 short of the minimum 70 days and Love fined the father one penny, without costs, and if the father did not pay he was to be imprisoned for one minute with hard labour. Different details were published at the time of his death in 1924, where the offender was reported to be a young girl, at the Newtown court, for a breach of railway regulations and the sentence including twelve months in which to pay.

Both Sarah and John Makin were sentenced to death by hanging by the Supreme Court of New South Wales at Sydney for the murder of Horace Murray, with a recommendation by the jury that Sarah Makin be spared the death penalty. Before sentencing the Makins, the judge, Sir Matthew Henry Stephen, said the following: After two appeals,.. and a plea for clemency, were denied, John Makin was hanged on the gallows at Darlinghurst Gaol on 15 August 1893. Sarah's sentence was commuted to life imprisonment with hard labour at the State Reformatory for Women at Long Bay. After her daughters campaigned for her release, Sarah was paroled in 1911, having served nineteen years in prison.

American print published in 1880, advising control carriage horses by the application of alt=A carriage pulled by a horse that opens his mouth wide and seems to have frozen in place American documents relate several cases of horse exploitation leading to abuse, notably in bus and tram companies. These horse- drawn vehicles were often overloaded, and the horses pulling them were beaten and subject to hard labour. The first definitions of horse maltreatment centred on the withholding of food and care, and the act of hitting them. The courts of New York were pioneers in this area, publishing a law that punished those who kill or deliberately torture animals (like horses) in 1829.

Hunter joined the Royal West Kent Regiment of the British Army in December 1903, rising through the ranks to lance corporal by February 1906. He served in Malta, but was found guilty of theft and receiving stolen goods by court-martial in December 1906 and served 140 days hard labour before being discharged in May 1907. Over a year after the outbreak of the First World War, Hunter enlisted in the Royal Sussex Regiment in September 1915 and served in the 10th (Reserve) Battalion until June 1916. He was sent to France to join the 9th (Service) Battalion in August 1916, but bouts of dysentery saw him posted back to Britain as a fitness instructor.

The bewildered lawyers wondered what he had been writing down, since he had obviously made up his mind before closing arguments; once Sifton had left the courtroom, they found their answer in the form of page after page covered with the judge's signature. He rarely recorded his ratio decidendi but, despite this, few of his decisions were overturned on appeal. It has also been argued that his fellow judges had difficulty ruling on appeals from his decisions specifically because he rarely provided reasons. Much of his work was in criminal law, dealing especially with theft of livestock (in which cases he generally delivered a sentence of three years hard labour, severe by the standards of the day).

Marais wrote in a letter to Dr. Winifred de Kock in London about Maeterlinck that > The famous author had paid me the left-handed compliment of cribbing the > most important part of my work ... He clearly desired his readers to infer > that he had arrived at certain of my theories (the result of ten years of > hard labour in the veld) by his own unaided reason, although he admits that > he never saw a termite in his life. You must understand that it was not > merely plagiarism of the spirit of a thing, so to speak. He has copied page > after page verbally.L. Rousseau, 1974, Die Groot Verlange, Capetown: Human & > Rousseau, p. 398.

That evening, he is visited by the only other European resident of the island, Edward Wilson (Robert Newton), known as the "Honourable Ted", who introduces himself and drinks a large amount of Gray's whisky. Despite having been warned that Ted was a scoundrel, Gray soon warms to him, finding him well-spoken and obviously educated. A year after arriving on the island Gray is disappointed to see Ted arrested and brought up before him in court for encouraging a girl at the mission to steal some money which he then spent on drink before becoming involved in a drunken brawl. Gray breaks with precedent and sentences Ted to three months' hard labour on a neighbouring island.

In October 1878, at Beechworth court, Barry presided over a case in which Mrs Ellen Kelly (King) and two men were accused of aiding and abetting the attempted murder of a Victoria Police constable named Alexander Fitzpatrick. After sentencing Mrs Kelly to three years with hard labour, Barry said, 'if your son Ned were here I would make an example of him for the whole of Australia – I would give him fifteen years'. In 1880, Barry presided at the final trial of Ned Kelly, who was tried and convicted of murdering three other Victoria Police constables. The trial and sentencing have since been the subject of many articles and books by lawyers and historians.

Joe Lesina, a Labour Member of the Queensland Legislative Assembly for Clermont, spoke at the concert saying the evidence was not strong enough to hang the two men. On 1 January 1903 it was announced that the Executive Council of the Queensland Government had decided that Patrick Kenniff was to be hung on Monday 12 January, while James Kenniff's sentence was reduced to life imprisonment with hard labour. The Kenniff's solicitors decided to pursue the Privy Council appeal only for James Kenniff, as Patrick Kenniff would be already executed. Despite a number of public meetings and deputations to the Queensland Governor to postpone Patrick Kenniff's execution, he was hanged on 12 January 1903 at the Boggo Road Gaol.

Any woman certified under the Act was to notify her local supervisory authority of her intention to practice each year, on penalty of a fine for any failure to submit a notification or any omission of information on it. Any false representations to obtain a certificate, or any attempts to falsify an entry on the roll of midwives, were a misdemeanour, to be penalised by imprisonment for up to a year with or without hard labour. The Act did not extend to Scotland or to Ireland, and did not in any way apply to qualified medical practitioners. It was repealed by the Midwives Act 1951, although the Board continued to supervise midwifery.

On 28 August 2003, BBC news reported that during the 10-year civil war in Sierra Leone children were used as combatants and child labourers in the diamond mines of Koidu in the north- eastern district of Kono. Children aged between 5 and 16 were used in hard labour, for ten hours a day, "digging in soil and gravel, before sifting with a pan for gemstones and shifting heavy mud believed to contain diamonds." In collaboration with World Vision and Aim Sierra Leone, the Ministry of Gender and Children's Affairs registered 1,200 child miners to get them out of the mines. On 26 June 2009, Human Rights Watch published a 62-page report titled Diamonds in the Rough.

George Ernest Thompson Edalji (22 January 1876 – 17 June 1953) was an English solicitor and son of a vicar of Parsi descent in a South Staffordshire village. He became known as a victim of a miscarriage of justice for having served three years' hard labour after being convicted on a charge of injuring a pony. He was initially regarded having been responsible for the series of animal mutilations known as the 'Great Wyrley Outrages', but the prosecution case against him became regarded as weak and prejudiced. He was pardoned on the grounds of the conviction being an unsafe one after a campaign in which Sir Arthur Conan Doyle took a prominent role.

In late 1824 Odoevsky joined the secret Northern Society and became part of its most radical contingent. On December 13, 1825, he supported Kondraty Ryleev who expressed the Society members' will to "give their lives to the first attempt at bringing freedom to Russia". On December 14 (25) Odoevsky was one of the commanders of the mutineers in the Senate Square where three thousand military men gathered to refuse to swear allegiance to the new Tsar, Nicholas I of Russia, proclaiming instead their loyalty to Grand Duke Constantine Pavlovich and the Russian Constitution. After the coup's failure he was arrested, sent to the Petropavlovskaya fortress, later convicted, sentenced to hard labour, and deported to Siberia.

Mary Ann Hilliard was born in Cork in 1860, to Dominick Hilliard, accountant and Margaret Duke and had two brothers and a sister. Known as Minnie, she trained as a nurse in England from 1876 and was a senior staff member at the Alexandra Children's Hospital, Bloomsbury, London in 1908. The Suffragette Handkerchief (March 1912) alt= Hilliard was involved in the suffragette window-breaking by around 200 protestors in March 1912, and was arrested and sentenced to two months hard labour. Hilliard and sixty-seven other Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU) suffragettes who were imprisoned in Holloway Prison embroidered their names on a cloth which became known as The Suffragette Handkerchief.

According to community leader Chin Hoi Meen, "Chinese girls had to be supplied to [the Japanese] on demand"; under threat of beatings, death, or imprisonment in a soldiers' brothel as comfort women, Chinese women were also forced to enter into relationships and cohabit with Japanese officers. Chinese men were interned in concentration camps to perform hard labour. A total of 86 local Chinese residents died during the war, 37 of those having been killed by the Japanese. Among the dead was the head of the PNG branch of the Kuomintang, the main political party of the Republic of China at the time; he was executed by Japanese troops as a warning to the community.

The group that surrounded and were influenced by William Morris passed through a series of trends, initially Pre-Raphaelite, which, although espousing the Medieval, was not Gothic Revival in the archaeological sense, being an esoteric mix of Medieval, Early Renaissance and deeply personal influences. The Arts and Crafts style lent itself to the depiction of solidly working- class apostles and virtues set against backgrounds of quarries that resemble glazed earthenware tiles. The botanically accurate and semi-realistic grapevines, sunflowers and other growing things were more prominent than Gothic canopies. Narratives that emphasised hard labour, human decency and charitable love were the themes that lent themselves to enthusiastic treatment by Morris and Ford Madox Brown.

Nikolay Alexandrovich Speshnev (Russian: Николай Александрович Спе́шнев; 1821, Kursk - 1882, St. Petersburg) was a 19th-century Russian aristocrat and political activist, best known for his involvement with the pro-socialist literary discussion group the Petrashevsky Circle. He formed a secret revolutionary society from among the members of the circle, which included the young Fyodor Dostoevsky. After the government of Tsar Nicholas I arrested the members of the Petrashevsky Circle in 1849, Speshnev was interrogated, threatened with torture, and eventually sentenced, along with Dostoevsky, Petrashevsky and others, to execution by firing squad. The sentence was commuted to hard labour in Siberia, but the prisoners were only informed of this after enduring a mock execution.

Tismăneanu, pp. 129–130 Luca's interrogation, approved and supervised by Soviet advisors,Oprea, p. 49 also involved aspects of his past: it was alleged that, as a youth, he had taken part in conflicts opposing the Székely Division and the communists on the side of the former, that he had been recruited by the Romanian secret police (Siguranța Statului) in the early 1920s and had thus infiltrated the PCR, and that he had been paid to encourage fighting inside the party.Drăgoescu, p. 27; Tismăneanu, p. 130 In October 1954, he was sentenced to death for economic sabotage, but, after appealing to the PCR leaders, he had his sentence commuted to life imprisonment and hard labour,Drăgoescu, pp.

Mikhail Sholokhov might have been the victim of his overzealousness too: after paying a visit to the And Quiet Flows the Don author on 16 September 1937, Stavsky wrote a personal report to Stalin, accusing the latter of being 'politically misguided'. In his 1938 letter to the NKVD narkom Nikolai Yezhov, Stavsky demanded to "resolve the question of Mandelshtam," labeling the latter's poetry as 'obscene and libelous'. Soon after that, the poet was arrested and sentenced to five years of hard labour. In the same letter Stavsky condemned Valentin Katayev and Iosif Prut for "defending Mandelshtam violently." during 1938, he kept a private diary, in which he recorded his growing fear for his own future.

The boycott on Browne resumed when the Kents had served their time. At the close of May 1890, Tom (who had returned from Boston) and his brother William were charged, alongside Austin Rice, with intimidating Mary Murphy, an elderly woman who worked for Browne, by making sure she was unable to purchase a pig at the fair. During their trial, Browne, now under police protection, told how horns were continually blown towards his house from the Kent residence. When the magistrate sentenced the brothers to one month's imprisonment, with hard labour, William roared ‘Victory is our cry and our motto no surrender’ while Thomas slammed his fist upon the desk and shouted "God save Ireland".

He was then turned over to the Italian authorities and sentenced to death on 11 September 1872 in Potenza, but the sentence was commuted to hard labour for life. He was imprisoned on Santo Stefano Island, where he began writing his memoirs, with the help of Eugenio Massa, captain of the royal army, which published them in 1903, under the name Gli ultimi briganti della Basilicata (The last brigands of Basilicata). The manuscript was republished in the post- World War II era by other authors like Tommaso Pedio (1963), Mario Proto (1994) and Valentino Romano (1997). Crocco was later transferred to the prison at Portoferraio, where he died on 18 June 1905.

In multiple episodes, it is implied he was a bit wild in his youth, and it is suggested he may even have served time in prison,Onslow references being reminded of "hard labour" in the episode Problems with Relatives but he has considerably mellowed with age and is a gentle soul under his rough exterior. He watches television all day every day, eating and drinking constantly and rarely moving from his armchair save to go to the bookie's on occasion. He calls himself "the breadwinner", but his only income comes from betting on horses and Social Security. Nevertheless, Onslow's intellectual reading, and viewing of Open University programmes, have made him knowledgeable on a wide variety of subjects.

The press of British colonial population growth and economic development turned the attention of investors and land speculators to the area west of the Appalachians. In response to demands by settlers and speculators, British authorities sought cessions by the Iroquois and Cherokee for land in Indian country. The Treaty of Lochaber with the Cherokee followed in 1770, adjusting boundaries established in the Treaty of Hard Labour, whereby the Cherokee withdrew their claim to part of the same country, encompassing the south part of present-day West Virginia. At one time, historians believed that the Treaty of Fort Stanwix was an example of Native Americans being forced to accept unreasonable cessions, out of weakness.

2006: NSW State Records). The Police Charges and Summons Book, 1924-28 for Barham, NSW, (on the Murray River) records that Ricetti pleaded guilty on 14 October 1927 to stealing 40 dozen oranges for which he was fined 10 pounds in default of two months hard labour in Deniliquin Gaol (Charles Sturt University, NSW, Regional Archives). During World War II, "enemy aliens" resident in Australia were required to register under National Security (Aliens Control) Regulations, to report to the police station each week and to carry an identify card at all time to avoid arrest (Dalton & Polkinghorne 1990: 845). Ricetti's internment record and associated documents held by the NAACaillard 2005: 16-25 confirm his internment as an enemy alien between May 1942 and December 1943.

Rade Končar (; 6 August/28 October 1911 – 22 May 1942) was a Croatian Serb politician and leader of the Yugoslav Partisans in the Independent State of Croatia and Dalmatia during the early stages of World War II in Yugoslavia. He became a member of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia (KPJ) in 1934 and was arrested in 1936 when the Belgrade branch of the party was banned by Yugoslav authorities. After serving one year of hard labour in Sremska Mitrovica prison he was released and elected political secretary of the central committee of the Communist Party of Croatia (KPH) in Zagreb. In October 1940, he was made a member of the central committee of the KPJ at the Fifth National Conference of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia.

Halle in Sachsen by Matthäus Merian the Elder (1653), Topographia Saxoniae Inferioris, Frankfurt am Main The Prussian crown prince Frederick defended Wolff against Joachim Lange and ordered the Berlin minister Jean Deschamps, a former pupil of Wolff, to translate Vernünftige Gedanken von Gott, der Welt und der Seele des Menschen, auch allen Dingen überhaupt into French. Frederick proposed to send a copy of Logique ou réflexions sur les forces de l'entendement humain to Voltaire in his first letter to the philosopher from 8 August 1736. In 1737 Wolff's Metafysica was translated into French by Ulrich Friedrich von Suhm (1691–1740). Voltaire got the impression Frederick had translated the book himself. In 1738 Frederick William began the hard labour of trying to read Wolff.

From 1955 to 1963, he worked as a diplomat in Moscow. He successively served as Second Secretary in the Chinese Embassy, Director of Department of Overseas Chinese Students and Deputy Director General of the Foreign Department of the Ministry of Higher Education, and Counsellor in the Chinese Embassy. During the Cultural Revolution, Qian was persecuted and sent to perform hard labour at a May Seventh Cadre School from 1966 to 1972. After his political rehabilitation, he served as Ambassador to Guinea (1974–76) and concurrently Ambassador to Guinea-Bissau (1974–75). He went to work at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1977 and was vice-minister of foreign affairs from 1982 to 1988 and minister from 1988 to 1998.

Eleven of the sepoys were executed and hundreds more sentenced to hard labour. In 1851-2 sepoys who were required to serve in the Second Anglo-Burmese War also refused to embark, but were merely sent to serve elsewhere.Mason, Philip (1974), page 264 "A Matter of Honour", London: Holt, Rhinehart & Winston, The pay of the sepoy was relatively low and after Awadh and the Punjab were annexed, the soldiers no longer received extra pay (batta or bhatta) if posted there, because this was no longer considered "foreign service". Since the batta made the difference between active service being considered munificent or burdensome, the sepoys repeatedly resented and actively opposed inconsiderate unilateral changes in pay and batta ordered by the Military Audit department.

Having been denied recognition by his local Military Service Tribunal, he was arrested, brought before the Magistrates' Court and handed over to the army. At a court-martial in Worcester on 21 December 1916 he was sentenced to 112 days imprisonment with hard labour, which he served in Wormwood Scrubs. On 30 January 1917 he was interviewed by the Central Tribunal, sitting in the prison, who found him to be a "genuine" conscientious objector, after all, and offered him admission to the Home Office Scheme, whereby conscientious objector prisoners could be released on condition of performing civilian work under civilian control. Edwards was transferred to Princetown Work Centre, set up in the erstwhile Dartmoor Prison, where he remained until the Scheme was wound up in April 1919.

However, she continued to work as a collector of money and object donations for the Hornsey branch of the WSPU until October 1912. Why Women Teachers Break Windows by Pleasance c. 1912 She resigned her teaching post just before she began her militant action for the WSPU on 28 January 1913 when she and three other women smashed the windows of various shops including an antiquities shop at 167 Victoria Street1910-1919: A period when legislative change finally began to establish gender equality - First 100 Years Project, 8 July 2016 and of government offices in Westminster. During her trial in February 1913 she gave the name Pleasance Pendred and under that name she was sentenced to four months hard labour in Holloway Prison.

According to author Paul Ham, Australian soldiers caught asleep on sentry duty in the Vietnam War, would be sentenced to 28 days' field punishment usually in the form of hard labour and would lose one week's pay.Ham, Paul.Vietnam: The Australian War, Harper Collins, 2004, Chapter22 R&R; On its first tour of Vietnam the Australian 105th Field Battery came under much media scrutiny as a result of the “O’Neill affair”. In February 1966 20-year-old Gunner Peter O’Neill, who had been absent without leave when rostered for guard duty, failed to appear on a field punishment parade. The battery commander, Major Peter Tedder had ordered O’Neill to be handcuffed to a metal stake in a weapons pit for 20 days at the Bien Hoa airbase.

When the American Revolutionary War began in 1775, the Ohio River marked a tenuous border between the American colonies and the American Indians of the Ohio Country. This border had its origins in the Proclamation of 1763, which forbade British colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains. The British Crown had issued the Proclamation after the French and Indian War (1754–1763) in order to prevent conflict between Indians and colonists in the vast territory newly acquired from France. Settlers and land speculators in Britain and America objected to this restriction, however, and so British officials negotiated two treaties with American Indians in 1768—the Treaty of Fort Stanwix and the Treaty of Hard Labour—which opened up land for settlement south of the Ohio River.

Mary Antoinette Schiesler did her teacher training at the Oblate Institute (later the Mount Providence Junior College). She began working as a teacher at the St. Augustine elementary school in Washington, D.C. She hated her time there because she had never been taught how to keep control of a class, and was bullied and humiliated by the institution's mother superior. She went so far as to petition the mother superior at St Frances to be allowed to return to the convent, but was denied. She transferred to St. Joseph's School in Alexandria, Virginia, after a year, where she taught for four years, then returned to the Mother House for a year of hard labour and prayer before taking her final vows on August 15, 1960.

Found guilty of "statutory communism", a term that the government used to describe most opposition to apartheid, their sentence of nine months' hard labour was suspended for two years. In December, Mandela was given a six-month ban from attending meetings or talking to more than one individual at a time, making his Transvaal ANC presidency impractical, and during this period the Defiance Campaign petered out. In September 1953, Andrew Kunene read out Mandela's "No Easy Walk to Freedom" speech at a Transvaal ANC meeting; the title was taken from a quote by Indian independence leader Jawaharlal Nehru, a seminal influence on Mandela's thought. The speech laid out a contingency plan for a scenario in which the ANC was banned.

With the family's breadwinner gone, Catherine, now commonly known as Kate, took a job as a domestic servant to a Swansea publican and his family in 1901. She soon turned to crime; she first appeared in court charged with indecency in May 1903. In June 1904, she was described in court for the first time as a prostitute; her conviction on this occasion was for the public use of obscene language, an offence for which she would be repeatedly prosecuted that year. Swansea Prison, in which Catherine Driscoll was repeatedly incarcerated By the following year, Driscoll was descending into alcoholism, and on 20 March 1905 she was sentenced to 14 days' hard labour following repeated convictions for being drunk and disorderly.

This did little to reduce her criminal activities; on 19 August 1905 she was again sentenced to 14 days' hard labour for "riotous behaviour in Castle-street". On 17 November 1905 she was arrested, along with her friends Selina Rushbrook and Lily Argent, for the theft of a sea captain's purse. (By this time Driscoll had been convicted of indecency, obscene language, four counts of drunkenness and two counts of being a disorderly prostitute.) Although all three were found not guilty on grounds of insufficient evidence, days later Driscoll was convicted yet again of drunkenness, and sentenced to a month's imprisonment. The increasing severity of her sentences did not deter Driscoll; within days of her release from this sentence she was arrested yet again for riotous behaviour.

Both were found guilty of "committing an offence against the property of an inhabitant of the country in which he was serving", and both were sentenced to two years imprisonment with hard labour; a sentence which Brennan served, at the Northampton Military Prison, in England. His sentence was suspended, and he was released from prison on 18 June 1919, under the powers provided by the "Suspension of Sentences" provisions (i.e., Regulations 643A and 643B) of the Australian Military Regulations under the Defence Act 1903-1915 that had come into operation on 7 March 1917,Notification of the Making of Regulations, No.38, Commonwealth of Australia Gazette, (Thursday, 8 March 1917), p.418.Statutory Rules 1917, No.62, Federal Register of Legislation, Australian Government.

In 1948 Lieutenant-Commander Nakagawa was tried by the War Crimes Tribunal for the murders of the crews of British Chivalry, and those of on 24 February 1944, and on 29 February 1944. He was found guilty and sentenced to eight years hard labour at Sugamo Prison, Tokyo, but was released in 1954 after only six years, following the end of the Allied occupation. It was not until 1978 that it was revealed that Nakagawa, while in command of the submarine , had also been responsible for the sinking of the Australian hospital ship in April 1943, with the loss of 268 lives. The men killed aboard British Chivalry are commemorated on Panel 19 of the Tower Hill Memorial in London.

The rural population was disarmed. Many of the exponents of the movement were incarcerated, tortured, and finally sentenced to death or to hard labour on galleys, or exiled.Suter 2004, p. 162. Christian Schybi was executed at Sursee on July 9, 1653. Niklaus Leuenberger was beheaded and quartered at Bern on September 6, 1653; his head was nailed at the gallows together with one of the four copies of the Bundesbrief of the Huttwil League.Stüssi-Lauterburg 2003, p. 374. Punishment was hardest in the canton of Bern, where 23 death sentences were handed down and numerous other prominent peasants were executed in courts- martial by von Erlach's army,Stüssi-Lauterburg 2003, p. 68. compared to eight and seven death sentences in Lucerne and Basel, respectively.Landolt 2004.

Travis, a teetotaler and supporter of the temperance movement, was a controversial figure in Calgary after his appointment as stipendiary magistrate of the Northwest Territories at the Town of Calgary on July 30, 1885. Travis was appalled by the open traffic of liquor, gambling and prostitution in Calgary despite legal prohibition in the Northwest Territories. There were several clashes between Travis and Mayor George Murdoch and other town councillors. This culminated in the arrest and imprisonment of councillor Simon John Clarke to six month of hard labour, dismissal and imprisonment of Clerk of District Court Hugh Cayley, overturning the results of the January 1886 Calgary municipal election, removing Mayor Murdoch, barring him from contesting an election for two years and the appointment of a separate municipal council.

He had been loyal to Sergii through the 1927 schism, but he found the new political line of the church to be too frustrating and he retired in 1929. He may have found it morally unbearable to be in the same city with bishop Maxim (mentioned above) in the opposing camp, especially after Maxim was arrested. He was sent on an administrative exile of three years to Siberia in 1933. After his return, he was rearrested in 1940 and charged with spreading religious propaganda among youth, and sentenced to ten years' hard labour. He was released in 1945 and made Archbishop of Orenburg where he achieved great success in reviving religious life, and as a result he was arrested again in 1948.

The jury concurred with allegations of arbitrary arrests; sentencing by court martial with neither public audience nor defense; periods in hard labour camps without sufficient food, clothes and medical care; and the arrests of children over nine years old.Tribunal on Cuba Paris April 1986 The number of reported executions in Cuba declined during the 1970s and by the 1980s they were restricted to rare high-profile cases, notably the execution of General Arnaldo Ochoa in 1989. Ochoa, once proclaimed "Hero of the Revolution" by Fidel Castro, along with three other high-ranking officers, was brought to trial for drug trafficking. This offense carries a maximum sentence of 20 years, but Ochoa and the others were convicted of treason and promptly executed.

The Feriae Augusti ("Festivals [Holidays] of the Emperor Augustus") were introduced by the emperor Augustus in 18 BCE. This was an addition to earlier ancient Roman festivals which fell in the same month, such as the Vinalia rustica or the Consualia, which celebrated the harvest and the end of a long period of intense agricultural labor. The Feriae Augusti, in addition to its propaganda function, linked the various August festivals to provide a longer period of rest, called Augustali, which was felt necessary after the hard labour of the previous weeks. During these celebrations, horse races were organised across the Empire, and beasts of burden (including oxen, donkeys and mules), were released from their work duties and decorated with flowers.

With money saved from this hard labour Ayer was able to move to San Francisco, where he stayed with family friends and got a job at a saw mill, gaining his first experiences in the industry which would later make his fortune. As California entered the American Civil War Ayer enlisted in the First California Cavalry Volunteers in August 1861, spending several years in the American southwest on military service. During this time, Ayer was stationed guarding the Cerro Colorado silver mine near the Mexican border. The mine had been supplied with a small library by its owners (donated by Colonel Samuel Colt, of Colt revolver fame), and it was here that Ayer came across a volume of Prescott's History of the Conquest of Mexico.

She was once again arrested and imprisoned, this time for 4 months, along with Violet Aitken for window-breaking at Jay's store in Regent Street on 1 March 1912. On 8 June 1913, with actress and activist Kitty Marion, she mounted an arson attack on the grandstand of Hurst Park Racecourse causing (variously) £7,000 or £12,000 of damage; this was four days after the death of Emily Davison at Epsom Downs Racecourse. The pair were arrested the following day, and subsequently imprisoned for three years with hard labour. Like many imprisoned suffragettes, she refused food and was eventually released under the terms of the Prisoners (Temporary Discharge for Ill Health) Act 1913. According to the Women’s Suffrage Project, she thereafter evaded re-arrest.

Arthur Bower—the self-styled "Captain Arthur de Courcy Bower"—was a convicted fraudster who had been sentenced to six months hard labour in 1904. He was subsequently reported to have won the maximum payout eighteen times in a row and to have broken the bank five times on a visit to the casino in 1911.The Cornishman, 19 January 1911 Certain published works claim that it was Bower who inspired the popular song,Books which claim that Bower inspired the song include: Gilbert, D.: Lost Chords (New York: Cooper Square, 1970); and Lax, R. & Smith, F.: The Great Song Thesaurus (New York: Oxford University Press, 1984) but as his casino wins occurred some twenty years after the song was published, this would seem an impossibility.

For two years, from 1908 to 1910, the castle was the home of Robert Baden-Powell, later founder of the Boy Scouts, while he commanded the Northern Territorial Army but the barracks building was demolished in 1931. The castle was used during the First World War as the base of the Non-Combatant Corps made up of conscientious objectors – conscripts who refused to fight. It was also used to imprison some conscientious objectors who refused to accept army discipline and participate in the war in any way. These included the "Richmond Sixteen" who were taken to France from the castle, charged under Field Regulations, and then sentenced to death, but their death sentences were commuted to ten years' hard labour.

Most of the remaining mutineers were captured and on 2 November, eleven sepoys were identified as the ring leaders and received a swift trial, where they were sentenced to death by hanging. Six of these were from 47th BNI, four were from 62nd BNI and one was from 26th BNI, who were killed the same day in the parade ground. Around were sentenced to fourteen years' hard labour, in chains, on roads; numerous others were sentenced with lesser terms. On 4 November, by a general order issued from Fort William, the 47th Regiment was disbanded and its Indian officers disgraced, discharged and declared unworthy of the confidence of the government, as it was thought mutiny could not have occurred without their knowledge.

Marais sent a letter to Dr. Winifred de Kock in London about Maeterlinck, in which he wrote that > The famous author had paid me the left-handed compliment of cribbing the > most important part of my work... He clearly desired his readers to infer > that he had arrived at certain of my theories (the result of ten years of > hard labour in the veld) by his own unaided reason, although he admits that > he never saw a termite in his life. You must understand that it was not > merely plagiarism of the spirit of a thing, so to speak. He has copied page > after page verbally. Supported by a coterie of Afrikaner Nationalist friends, Marais sought justice through the South African press and attempted an international lawsuit.

After a 105-day journey, the Rajah ship arrived at Hobart, Van Diemen's Land on 19 July 1841. Within days of disembarking, Archer was assigned to Henry Brock, a surgeon- superintendent on a number of convict ships. In December 1841, she was reprimanded twice for "disobedience of orders", and, by January of the following year, she had served two ten-day stints of solitary confinement at "that receptacle of wickedness", the Cascades Female Factory. Over the next two years, Archer was sentenced to hard labour a number of times for misconduct, insolence, and refusing to work, but she nevertheless received a ticket of leave in December 1844 and married William John Read, an ex-convict who had been transported for life for theft.

The area's fortunes, historically have been and remain tied to the evolution and development of transportation links with Charlottetown. While the area initially grew a slower pace as a farming community, its first significance was as part of the essential transportation connection between Charlottetown and the Kings County seat, Georgetown, whose port was ice-free and open for shipping more weeks of the year. The Georgetown Road, built by the statute labour of local men aged 16 to 60, and male prisoners sentenced to "hard labour," was a vital link that began at the south side of the Hillsborough River. By the 1820s, a small ferry service opened to bring passengers, animals, and goods between Ferry Point in Southport to a wharf on the Charlottetown waterfront.

Enbom had provided a large variety of intelligence, most of it from public sources, but also secrets, of which the armament of one of the forts in the fortress was one of the pieces of information that concerned Boden Fortress and nearby fortifications. He was sentenced to lifetime hard labour, but was released after ten years. The other case involved Ernst Hilding Andersson, who was arrested on 21 September 1951. He had carried out seven missions for the Soviets and had provided them primarily with information regarding the Swedish Navy, but also information on the fortifications along the Norrland coast, and an initiated report about Boden Fortress and the airforce unit located in Boden and Luleå, Norrbotten Air Base Corps.

On November 14, 2001, twenty-one of the men were convicted of the "habitual practice of debauchery," one man of "contempt for religion," and another, accused of being the "ringleader," was convicted of both charges and received the heaviest sentence, five years' hard labour. A fifty-third man, a teenager, was tried in juvenile court and was sentenced to the maximum penalty of three years in prison, to be followed by three years of probation. In May 2002, those convicted were released pending a second trial; both the guilty and not-guilty verdicts were overturned, provoking international outrage. In July 2002, fifty of the men began a second trial (the other two men had been convicted of contempt for religion, and their sentences were upheld).

Obituary, 'The Guardian' 7 January 1999. As a judge, he is best remembered for his role during the Oz obscenity trial, in which the three Oz editors (Richard Neville, Jim Anderson and Felix Dennis) were tried on three charges, including "conspiracy to corrupt public morals", an offence which, in theory, carried a virtually unlimited penalty. The three defendants were found guilty, with Argyle sentencing Neville and Anderson to serve a term of imprisonment with hard labour, but the convictions were subsequently overturned on appeal, when it was found that Argyle had misdirected the trial jury on several occasions. At the time of Argyle's sentencing in the Oz trial, he had given Dennis a reduced punishment on the basis of his "lower intelligence".

They then left Solikamsk without knowing, that this was the city where the parents of Lovisa lived as prisoners of war. At the home of the Turk in Tobolsk, Lovisa was put to hard labour and badly beaten every time she made a mistake of sheer exhaustion. Tobolsk was, however, the city in Siberia containing the largest colony of Swedish prisoners of war, who were allowed to live there quite freely. Lovisa took contact with a Swedish woman, who advised her to contact the Swedish lieutenant Magnus Vilhelm Sprengtporten; Sprengtporten had been taken prisoner at Narva the same time as Lovisa, escaped, been taken prisoner at the Battle of Poltava, lead a rebellion at Kazan and been imprisoned for seventeen months.

Lytton posing as Jane Warton, a London seamstress, at a protest in Liverpool (1910) In January 1910, convinced that poorer prisoners were treated badly, Lytton travelled to Liverpool disguised as a working-class London seamstress named Jane Warton. In disguise whe spoke at an event with Jennie Baines and Patricia Woodlock and led a procession to the Prison Governor's house demanding the 'stain' of force-feeding be removed from Liverpool. She was arrested after an incident of rocks being thrown at an MP's car, imprisoned in Walton gaol for 14 days 'hard labour' and force-fed 8 times. After her release, although desperately weak, she wrote accounts of her experience for The Times and Votes for Women (the monthly journal of the WSPU, launched in 1907).

One of these was known as Lord Wellington, and the others are said to have been named Prince Regent and Marquis Wellington, though there is no known contemporary mention of those two names. The third locomotive intended for Middleton was sent, at Blenkinsop's request, to the Kenton and Coxlodge Colliery waggonway near Newcastle upon Tyne, where it appears to have been known as Willington. There it was seen by George Stephenson, who modelled his own locomotive Blücher on it, minus the rack drive, and therefore much less effective. After two of the locomotives exploded, killing their drivers, and the remaining two were increasingly unreliable after at least 20 years hard labour, the Middleton colliery eventually reverted to horse haulage in 1835.

The inmates unable to cope with the hard labour and malnutrition were exterminated in large numbers to free space for newly arrived evacuation transports from other camps, including most of the subcamps of Mauthausen located in eastern Austria. In the final months of the war, the main source of dietary energy, the parcels of food sent through the International Red Cross, stopped and food rations became catastrophically low. The prisoners transferred to the "Hospital Subcamp" received one piece of bread per 20 inmates and roughly half a litre of weed soup a day. This made some of the prisoners, previously engaged in various types of resistance activity, begin to prepare plans to defend the camp in case of an SS attempt to exterminate all the remaining inmates.

The Duma was dissolved on 2 June 1907 and shortly after midnight on 3 June the government arrested several of the Social Democrats, including Tsereteli. Charged with trying to overthrow the government, this was a fabrication of the government that allowed Stolypin to have them expelled from the Duma, leaving it free to implement his policies. Tsereteli was convicted in November, and sentenced to five years' hard labour, though on account of his poor health it was commuted to time in prison. The first year of his prison term was spent in St. Petersburg, and in the winter of 1908–1909 Tsereteli was moved to Nikolayev in southern Ukraine; after four years in Nikolayev he was again moved, sent to the Alexandrovsky Central Prison in Irkutsk.

Unlike most Legionnaires, who were imprisoned by Antonescu following the suppression of the coup attempt, Sima escaped imprisonment. Being housed first at the Sicherheitsdienst headquarters in Bucharest, Sima was evacuated on January 23rd and hidden in the home of the Gestapo representative to Romania, but soon moved to his sister's residence in Bucharest. Soon after he was again moved by the Sicherheitsdienst to Brașov, and finally to Sibiu, disguised as an SS officer. Sima, alongside a number of other hidden Legionnaires, was able to leave Romania for Germany, where they were placed under strict supervision at a villa in Berkenbrück. Meanwhile, Romanian authorities sentenced him (on 16 June 1941) to 12 years hard labour in absentiaZamfirescu, Dragoș: Legiunea Arhanghelul Mihail, Editura Enciclopedică, București, 1997.

Misbehaviour would result in demotion through these levels of work, including returning to convict status within the prison. Re- offenders and captured escapees, after corporal punishment and time in solitary confinement, would be placed on a chain gang undertaking hard labour, typically on roads near Fremantle. Outside work, mostly on public infrastructure, continued beyond the convict era, but gradually declined due to discipline concerns, the rise of trade unions that saw such work as "a threat to free labour", and an increasing emphasis on work as rehabilitation rather than punishment. By 1911 outside work had all but ceased, but could not adequately be replaced by employment within the prison walls; a lack of suitable work plagued the prison throughout its lifetime.

His grandparents were no longer able to control him and the court released him to his aunt, Annie Webster. Toplis left school in 1910 aged 13, and became a blacksmith's apprentice at the Blackwell colliery, but after a poor attendance record and an argument with the pit manager he took to an itinerant life in Scotland. In 1911 he was sentenced to ten days imprisonment in Dumfries for the non-payment of two train tickets. He returned to England and in 1912 it is alleged that aged 15, Toplis was sentenced to two years hard labour for the attempted rape of 15-year-old farmer's daughter Nellie North at Sutton-on-Sea in Lincolnshire, serving his sentence in Lincoln Prison and released in 1914.

Slogans, such as 'Be Labour This Time' and 'Away With Slums & Mud Cabins' were featured on his election posters. Quill won 4,165 first preference votes (17.9%) finishing second place to Daniel Corkery and taking the last seat in the constituency after Vaughan received transfers from his running mate, Daniel Forde. He was the youngest member of the 5th Dail. He was an opponent of the 1927 Public Safety Act, and spoke against it during a debate on the bill in August 1927; Coincidentally, the Public Safety Act resulted in the conviction of Herbert Mitchell from Kerry Pike, the father of one of his future daughters-in-law, whom was sentenced to 12 months of hard labour in 1929 for being a member of the IRA.

He was accused of shooting at the police during his arrest, though he claimed that he had fired in the air, hoping that he would be tried in public and would be able to use his trial to expose the arbitrariness of Tsarist rule. He was sentenced to death by a military tribunal in Arkhangel, but because of his youth - he was aged 19 - the sentence was commuted to 20 years hard labour in Kara katorga. He spent ten years in the Kara convict settlement, working in the mines. On hearing of the death of the political prisoner Nadezhda Sigida, who had been subjected to 100 lashes, he was one of 20 male prisoners who poisoned themselves in protest, on 15 November 1889.

From Reims, via Strasbourg, the prisoners went by train to Saarbrücken and a transit camp in the suburb of Neue Bremm, where hygiene facilities were nonexistent, and food was only indigestible bread crusts. After about ten days, Szabo and most of the other women were sent on to Ravensbrück concentration camp, where over 92,000 women were to die during the war. The exhausted women arrived at this notorious place of disease, starvation, and violence on 25 August 1944 after a terrible eighteen-day journey. Although she endured hard labour and malnutrition, she helped save the life of Belgian resistance courier Hortense Daman, kept up the spirits of her fellow detainees, and, according to fellow inmate American Virginia d'Albert-Lake, constantly planned to escape.

Though Vautrin's attraction towards Rastignac and Lucien apparently remains platonic, it is also erotic/sentimental in character, especially in the case of Lucien. The fact that he is not only bound to them by his hunger for power but also by emotional ties considerably increases the psychological tension of the novels and makes Collin's character more humane. Though he can often act as a real villain, his love, especially for Lucien, is obviously genuine, seeing the way he breaks down when informed of his death. Love even makes him sacrifice himself: he was first condemned to five years hard labour for a fake that a young "friend" (Franchessini) of his committed and for which Vautrin, even though he was innocent, took the blame.

Their voyages, which are sometimes called the Pacific Passage, were as inhumane and dangerous as the notorious Middle Passage of the Atlantic slave trade. Mortality was very high; it is estimated that from 1847 to 1859, the average mortality rate for coolies aboard ships to Cuba was 15.2 percent, and losses among those aboard ships to Peru were as high as 40 percent in the 1850s, and 30.44 percent from 1860 to 1863. They were sold and were taken to work in plantations or mines with very bad living and working conditions. The duration of a contract was typically five to eight years, but many coolies did not live out their term of service due to hard labour and mistreatment.

Collingwood and the surrounding area – notably Elderslie Station – also have their place in the annals of Australian crime. In 1893, a man named Harry Ward, a stockman from Dagworth Station (although the article describes him as a "swagman") in Robert Macpherson's employ (see Collingwood races below), was accused and eventually convicted of killing a sixteen-year-old Indigenous boy named Charlie at Elderslie after an evening of drinking in nearby Collingwood. A constable named P. Duffy diligently tracked him down over a distance of 159 miles (256 km) as Ward was trying to flee to South Australia, a deed that took Duffy eight days. Ward was eventually found guilty of manslaughter and sentenced to 15 years' hard labour on St Helena Island.

Hence there are a number of specific deceases and psychic problems that are developing into social ones. Yet in culture a number of compensatory mechanisms exist to diminish this tension. However, when in some milieus there is a lack of culture, from man's inside there bursts a savage, and thus society, when left to self-organization (as in Lord of the Flies), restores (mutatis mutandis) primordial forms of life. This can be seen in the example of hard labour camps, bullying (by age) among army troops, etc.. This idea is worked out by Klejn in the book The World Turned Upside Down (in journal form 1988–1991 and in the book form 1993, several editions and translations, the last 2010).

Imprisoned leaders of the Japan Communist Party are greeted upon their release from Fuchu Prison. (ca. 10 October 1945) Beginning in the Meiji period, the government of the Empire of Japan detained Japanese residents suspected of political dissidence. In 1925, the Peace Preservation Law was passed. Article 1 of the law stipulates that: > "Anyone who organises an association with the objective of change the > kokutai or denying the private property system, or who joins such an > association with full knowledge of its objectives, shall be liable to > imprisonment with or without hard labour for a term not exceeding ten > years." Only about 5,000 out of more than 74,000 suspected violators of the Peace Preservation Law between 1928 and 1941 were prosecuted.

Although several bills that would have provided for such protection have been submitted to the Parliament, no such law has yet been passed. It is against the law in Iceland to employ persons under 16 “in factories, on ships, or in other places that are hazardous or require hard labour,” although children of 14 or 15 “may work part time or during school vacations in light, nonhazardous jobs.” The Administration of Occupational Safety and Health (AOSH) enforces these regulations. Iceland has no official minimum wage. Instead, minimum wages for specific occupations are negotiated in collective bargaining agreements which may be “industry-wide, sector-wide, or in some cases firm-specific.” The official workweek is 40 hours, including nearly three hours of breaks.

The British had recently confirmed the lands south and west of the Kanawha to the Cherokee by the Treaty of Hard Labour. During the Fort Stanwix proceedings, the British were astonished to learn that the Six Nations still maintained a nominal claim over much of Kentucky, which they wanted to be added into the consideration. In addition, the Shawnee did not agree to this treaty, contesting colonial Virginian settlements between the Alleghenies and Ohio until the 1774 Treaty of Camp Charlotte. Although the Six Nations of New York had previously recognized English rights southeast of the Ohio River at the 1752 Treaty of Logstown, they continued to claim ownership (by conquest) over all land as far south as the Tennessee River.

In 1971, aged 49, she had a career breakthrough when she appeared as the downtrodden mother in Mike Leigh's film Bleak Moments: Smith starred in It's a Lovely Day Tomorrow, written by Bernard Kops and directed by John Goldschmidt, which depicted the real-life drama of the Bethnal Green Tube Disaster during World War II. A role in Hard Labour followed. After that she appeared in Emmerdale Farm (as Hilda Semple), Last of the Summer Wine, Bootsie and Snudge, Crown Court, I Didn't Know You Cared and The Sweeney. She also appeared as Madame Balls in The Pink Panther Strikes Again (1976), but her scenes were deleted and remained unseen until Trail of the Pink Panther in 1982. She was seen in Curse of the Pink Panther (1983) in the same role.

On the opening night of his play Lady Windermere's Fan, Wilde is re-introduced to the dashingly handsome and openly foppish poet Lord Alfred Douglas (Jude Law), whom he had met briefly the year before, and the two fall into a passionate and tempestuous relationship. Hedonistic Douglas is not content to remain monogamous and frequently engages in sexual activity with rent boys while his older lover plays the role of voyeur. Douglas' father, the Marquess of Queensberry (Tom Wilkinson), objects to his son's relationship with Wilde and demeans the playwright shortly after the opening of The Importance of Being Earnest. When Wilde sues the Marquess for criminal libel against him, his homosexuality is publicly exposed; he is eventually tried for gross indecency and sentenced to two years' hard labour.

They were all held here for eighty one days until they were released on 23 January 1976 after the intervention of Armando Panguene, the newly appointed Provincial Governor in Nampula. During their stay in the prison camp they were subjected to hard labour, digging in the fields and in the cashew plantations, collecting the cashew nuts and apples. Many a time Navelcar refused to go to the fields and devised ways of helping his students by suggesting that they paint and make murals on the walls to revere and help the FRELIMO movement. The commander of the camp agreed in most cases to Navelcar's requests, so in that manner he was able to help his students, particularly the girls, to avoid the hard physical work in the fields.

Shortly after the start of the war Shevtsova attended brief nursing classes and tried to enlist as a nurse in the Red Army, but was rejected for being too young at the time. So she joined the Komsomol in February 1942 and upon the recommendation of the Voroshilovgrad District Committee she began training to become a radio operator for the Young Guard in April. After completing the course and swearing an oath of allegiance she began transmitting information collected by the partisans to the Red Army Intelligence Center. She also participated in spreading leaflets, helped Soviet prisoners of war hide from the Germans, and participated in burning down the Labour Exchange building, which contained documents with the names of people that were to be deported and forced into hard labour for Germany.

Balak, Benjamin, and Jonathan M. Lave. 2002. The Dismal Science of Punishment: The Legal-Economy of Convict Transportation to the American Colonies Transportation was seldom used as a criminal sentence until the Piracy Act 1717, "An Act for the further preventing Robbery, Burglary, and other Felonies, and for the more effectual Transportation of Felons, and unlawful Exporters of Wool; and for declaring the Law upon some Points relating to Pirates", established a seven-year penal transportation as a possible punishment for those convicted of lesser felonies, or as a possible sentence to which capital punishment might be commuted by royal pardon. Criminals were transported to North America from 1718 to 1776. When the American revolution made transportation to the Thirteen Colonies unfeasible, those sentenced to it were typically punished with imprisonment or hard labour instead.