Igneous clastic rocks can be divided into two classes: # Broken, fragmental rocks associated with volcanic eruptions, both of the lava and pyroclastic type; # Broken, fragmental rocks produced by intrusive processes, usually associated with plutons or porphyry stocks.
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And if the edifice is eroded, it could change the prominence of fragmental glaciovolcanic deposits as well.
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The overlying Lower Anhydrite Member consists of microcrystalline anhydrite with minor beds of fine- to medium-crystalline dolomite. The Zama Member at the center consists of fragmental carbonate, and is overlain by the Upper Anhydrite which consists of interbedded microcrystalline anhydrite and fine- to medium-crystalline dolomite. The Bistcho Member at the top is a fragmental carbonate unit.
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This fragmental material was interrupted by explosions of steam, water, ash, rock, and volcanic bombs called phreatic eruptions. Camp Hill was eventually developed and over time it grew above water level inside the meltwater lake. Later eruptions produced a pyroclastic cone on top of the original fragmental cone. Cache Hill erupted when nearly all the glacial ice had retreated.
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Scientific knowledge about the mammals of the Sevan basin is quite poor and fragmental. Wolf, jackal, fox, marten, cat, hare, small rodents are usually mentioned.
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The giant ghost-faced bat (Mormoops magna) is an extinct species of bat endemic to the Caribbean. It is only known from fragmental humeri remains, which physically resemble those of Mormoops megalophylla but are larger in size.
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The heavy rainfall also accompanying a violent typhoon carried down disintegrated fragmental ejecta, burying plantations and whole villages. In 1825, the event was repeated in Cagsawa killing 1,500 people.Maso, Saderra (1902). "Seismic and Volcanic Centers of the Philippine Archipelago", pp. 13–14.
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Studies have proved that fragmental charging will have minimal effect on battery lifetime if the battery state of charge is kept at 70-80%. However, the charging habit survey suggests the majority of the EV owners will “top-up” their vehicle to full charge every day.
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With this method, a one piece design was very difficult, and a fragmental structure, with separated chamber and barrel was then selected.Firearms: a global history to 1700 by Kenneth Warren Chase p.143 Tudor Warships (1): Henry VIII's Navy Angus Konstam p.34 Gustavus Adolphus at Munich, 1632.
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Rhyolite flows, breccias and hyaloclastics are the primary rocks comprising the Flat Landing Brook Formation. Locally abundant rocks include tholeiitic to transitional mafic fragmental rocks and massive flows, as well as felsic tuffs, tholeiitic pillow basalts and minor porphyritic felsic flows. Siltstone, greywacke, iron formation, ferromanganiferous shale and chert represent minor rocks.
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Caldwell, J., and P. Caldwell (2011) The Real Mount Sinai. Split Rock Research Foundation, Diamondhead, Mississippi. 60 pp. In contrast to the real Jabal al-Lawz, the summit of Jabal Maqlā consists mainly of dark-colored hornfels derived from metamorphosed volcanic rocks that originally were silicic and mafic lava flows, tuff breccias, and fragmental greenstones.
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Phaneritic textures are where interlocking crystals of igneous rock are visible to the unaided eye. Foliated texture is where metamorphic rock is made of layers of materials. Porphyritic texture is one in which larger pieces (phenocrysts) are embedded in a background mass made of much finer grains. Fragmental textures include clastic, bioclastic, and pyroclastic.
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The mountain consists of a narrow north-south trending ridge of fine-grained volcanic rock and small amounts of fragmental material. It is long and wide with nearly vertical flanks. Mount Fee has two main summits, the southern tower of which is the highest. The summits are separated by a U-shaped crevice that gives them a prominent appearance.
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They comprise dikes, welded tuffs, pitchstones, volcanic plugs, laccoliths and flows. Trachybasalts are in the form of two textural types: phenocryst-rich lava flows and fragmental flow agglomerates. Phonolites are vesicular and pumiceous in nature, although phonolites with trachytic texture are also present. Trachytes and peralkaline trachytes are the primary volcanic rocks in the Level Mountain Range.
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The limestone belongs to the Koroqara Limestone (Tokalau Limestone Group) and is probably Late Miocene in age. It is mostly fragmental in nature but true reef occurs along much of the south coast. The interior basin is occupied by the largest lake in Fiji, area 121 ha. There is an emerged notch 1 m above lake level.
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This quantitative descriptor for microenvironment was derived from the octanol-water partition coefficient, (known as Rekker's Fragmental Constants) widely used for pharmacophores. This scale well correlate with the existing methods, based on partitioning and free energy computations. Advantage of this scale is it is more realistic, as it is in the context of real protein structures.
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Half a year later, in the evening of October 17, 2012, a bright fireball was seen near San Francisco. The first Novato meteorite, a L6 type chondrite fragmental breccia, was found by Novato resident Lisa Webber following Jenniskens' publication of the trajectory of the fireball from video recorded by stations of his Cameras for Allsky Meteor Surveillance project (CAMS).P. Jenniskens et al., 2014.
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Another reviewer commented that the collection was wayard but too fragmental and complex. Additional to this one reviewer criticized the length of the collection. Woxlin have said that the collection was inspired by such writers as Augusto Monterroso, László Krasznahorkai, Samuel Beckett and Sławomir Mrożek. But also by the theory of the five stages of grief by psychiatrist Elisabeth Kübler-Ross and his own nightmares.
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The municipality has volcanic sedimentary and metamorphic rock origin. One identified rock type is limestone (cord/line limestone, N,Ls) characterized as light cream to cream in color, partly fragmental, calcareous formation including reef limestone, bio-clastic limestone and calcasenite. The other type is sandstone and shale (N1) which is light brown and gray in color, thick transgressive marine deposits, and largely massive sandstone layers imbedded with siltstone and shale strata.
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The Ospwagan Group is younger than and the 1,864 million-year-old Winnipegosis komatiite belt lies to the southwest. Numerous tectonic settings have been suggested for triggering magmatism in the Fox River Belt, including a marginal basin rifting event. At the southern portion of the Circum-Superior Belt, a group of fragmental sediments composed of iron formation was formed during a period of magmatic activity in the Marquette Range Supergroup.
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As the plug dome grew, massive sheets of broken lava crumbled as talus down its sides. Numerous Peléan pyroclastic flows accompanied these cooler avalanches, forming a fragmental cone and an overall slope of 12 to 15 degrees. Some of the glacial ice was melted by the eruptions, forming a small lake against Brohm Ridge's southern arm. The volcanic sandstones seen today atop Brohm Ridge were created by ash settling in this lake.
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Pungent Point, a low, dark- colored lava cliff, forms the island's east point. Mount Asphyxia, a stratovolcano also known as Mount Curry, dominates the western side of the island while the eastern half is a low-lying lava plain. It is an active volcano, with fresh lava reported in 1830 and numerous indications of activity since. Approximately 50% of the island is composed of tephra, a fragmental material produced by volcanic eruptions.
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Carr, 2006, p. 44. Many of the same magmatic processes that occur on Earth also occurred on Mars, and both planets are similar enough compositionally that the same names can be applied to their igneous rocks and minerals. Volcanism is a process in which magma from a planet's interior rises through the crust and erupts on the surface. The erupted materials consist of molten rock (lava), hot fragmental debris (tephra or ash), and gases.
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Squamish would remain evacuated, Highway 99 would remain closed and unrepairable and travel between Whistler/Pemberton and Vancouver would be forced to go via a much longer route to the east. Eruptive activity itself could go on for years, followed by years of declining secondary activity. The cooling lava would intermittently spall sections to produce pyroclastic flows. The fragmental material on the slopes and in valleys would be periodically remobilized into debris flows.
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Coyoteite is black in color and is streaked with opaque metallic luster in fragmental samples. The mineral has perfect cleavage on the {111} planes and shows a unique chevron pattern because of the diametrical arrangement of these crystallographically equivalent cleavage planes. The measured density is 2.5 to 2.6 g/cm3 and the calculated one is 2.879 g/cm3. This significant density difference is because of the presence of epoxy between the cleavage planes.
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The reserve's geology is rugged and has a typical mountain range, encompassing a dense network of main and branch ridges, high plateaus and deep canyons towered by volcanic shield massifs and peaks. There are traces of past tectonic activity of various faults and fractures. The rocks, volcanic deposits and igneous intrusions dates back to the Cretaceous and pre-Oligocene periods.Khosrov Forest State Reserve: Geology The dominating rocks are Quaternary fragmental debris and effusive.
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Some chlorite-schists also are probably altered beds of volcanic tuff. The "Schalsteins" of Devon and Germany include many cleaved and partly recrystallized ash-beds, some of which still retain their fragmental structure, though their lapilli are flattened and drawn out. Their steam cavities are usually filled with calcite, but sometimes with quartz. The more completely altered forms of these rocks are platy, green chloritic schists; in these, however, structures indicating their original volcanic nature only sparingly occur.
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Kawdy Mountain is a subglacial mound on the Kawdy Plateau, the northernmost sub-plateau of the Stikine Plateau in northwestern British Columbia, Canada. It consists of nearly horizontal beds of basaltic lava, capping outward dipping beds of fragmental volcanic rocks and last erupted in Pleistocene. Kawdy Mountain is one of many basaltic volcanic features of the Stikine Volcanic Belt, which is forming because the North American tectonic plate is stretching slightly as it moves to the west.
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Ice-marginal lava flows form when lava erupts from a subaerial vent and ponds against glacial ice. The Barrier, a lava dam impounding Garibaldi Lake in the southern segment, is the best represented ice-marginal lava flow in the Garibaldi Belt. Flow-dominated tuyas and the absence of subglacial fragmental deposits are two uncommon glaciovolcanic features in the Garibaldi chain. This is due to their different lava compositions and decline of direct lava-water contact during volcanic activity.
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The Keyser is a nodular limestone overlain by thick- and thin- bedded limestone and laminated limestone at its type locality in Keyser, West Virginia. In central Pennsylvania, the basal "calico" limestone is a fossiliferous, medium-light- to medium-gray very thick bedded calcilutite containing numerous small irregular patches of clear calcite. The abundantly fossiliferous, nodular limestone at the base overlies the "calico". Overlying this is 5 to 6 m of fragmental calcarenite containing abundant crinoid columnals.
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The summit of Jabal Maqlā consists mainly of dark-colored hornfels derived from metamorphosed volcanic rocks that originally were silicic and mafic lava flows, tuff breccias, and fragmental greenstones. The middle and lower slopes of Jabal Maqlā consist of light- colored granite, which has intruded into the overlying hornfels. This is the same granite that comprises Jabal al-Lawz.Trent, V.A., and R.F. Johnson (1967) Geologic map of the Jabal al Lawz Quadrangle, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; 1:100,000.
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The basal contact of the Walcott Member with the overlying Sixtymile Formation is conformable. Typically, the contact between the underlying black shale typical of the Walcott and overlying basal red sandstones of the Sixtymile Formation consists of a interval that is gradational in nature. The transition beds and the basal laminated red sandstone of the Sixtymile Formation lack any fragmental or exotic debris, unlike the overlying strata. These field relations thus indicate that deposition was continuous across the Chuar Group-Sixtymile boundary.
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Overlain on this bedrock geology ("solid geology" in the terminology of the maps) is a somewhat variable distribution of soils and fragmental material deposited by glaciers (boulder clay, and other forms of glacial drift in the recent past. Maps showing the distribution of this "drift" geology are frequently produced as either separate maps, or as literal overprints on the solid geology maps. When ordering maps, this distinction should be kept in mind. Catalogues often distinguish them as "S", "D" or "S+D" maps.
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Like most prehistoric cartilaginous fishes, E. kawai is known from a few fragmentary remains, including teeth and a beak. E. kawai provided many new points of knowledge for scientists when it was formally described in 2006. Firstly, the range of the prehistoric Edaphodon species, and indeed all prehistoric rabbitfish, was thought to be restricted to the Northern Hemisphere. However, when the fragmental remains of E. kawai were discovered in the Chatham Islands not far from New Zealand, the rabbitfish range was extended.
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The Hajigak deposit trends north-east–south-west for about 9 km and is made up of 16 separate ore bodies, each up to 3 km in length. The deposit can be divided up into three geographical parts, the western, central and eastern parts. In addition to the large ore bodies there is a substantial area of thin fragmental ore deposits in the form of four surficial deposits. The main hematitic ore is medium- to fine-grained and displays a variety of massive, banded and porous textures.
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There exist fragmental assertions that they descended from "Emperor Nemanja". The oldest mention of a Balšić is from 1304, when Serbian Queen Helen of Anjou sent a letter in Slavic through her trustee Matija Balšić from Bar (Mata de Balsich de Antibaro) to Ragusa. A theory is that this Balšić married a female member of the Nemanjić royal family, and thus established the noble family of Balšić. There has been various opinions about the family's origin. Karl Hopf (1832–1873) considered "unquestionably part of the Serb tribe".
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In the middle of the intrusive body, the grain size of quartz phenocrysts averages roughly , but become smaller towards the edge of the intrusion. Broken fragmental rocks, interpreted to be carapace breccia, are exposed along the western margin of the intrusion. Exposed near a minor felsic lava dome is a fine grained, quartz-phyric felsic rock that may represent a rhyolite lava flow. An igneous body, interpreted to be a subvolcanic intrusion, is exposed approximately to the northwest and might have formed during the same magmatic event as the felsic dome.
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Around where Columnar Peak and possibly Glacier Pikes are now located, a series of coalescing dacite lava domes were constructed. During the ensuing long period of dormancy, the Cheekye River cut a deep valley into the cone's western flank that was later filled with a glacier. After reaching its maximum extent the Cheekye Glacier and Cordilleran Ice Sheet were covered with volcanic ash and fragmental debris from Garibaldi. This period of growth began with the eruption of the Atwell Peak plug dome about 13,000 years ago from a ridge surrounded by the ice sheet.
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Video of volcanic activity at Mount Papandayan George P. Lewis: Fumaroles at Mount Papandayan, 1920 Fumaroles at Papandayan Mount Papandayan is a large composite volcano. It is constructed of alternating layers of lava and ash, and other fragmental volcanic rock debris formed by explosive eruptions over the past several hundred years. A large horseshoe-shape crater extended to the northeast resulting in an avalanche deposit consisted of intermixed volcanic debris and alternated rocks, Kawah Manuk and many other with solfataras emitting smoke and hot fumes from its inner sides.
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Scoria may form as part of a lava flow, typically near its surface, or as fragmental ejecta (lapilli, blocks and bombs), for instance in Strombolian eruptions that form steep-sided scoria cones. Chemical analysis of scoria found in Yemen showed that it was mainly composed of volcanic glass with a few zeolites (e.g. clinoptilolite).Preliminary Assessment of Utilization of Al-Jaif Scoria (NW Sana’a, Yemen) for Cement Production Most scoria is composed of glassy fragments, and may contain phenocrysts. The word scoria comes from the Greek σκωρία, skōria, rust.
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Analysis of igneous rock microstructure may complement descriptions on the hand specimen and outcrop scale. This is especially vital for describing phenocrysts and fragmental textures of tuffs, as often relationships between magma and phenocryst morphology are critical for analysing cooling, fractional crystallization and emplacement. Analysis of intrusive rock microstructures can provide information on source and genesis, including contamination of igneous rocks by wall rocks and identifying crystals which may have been accumulated or dropped out of the melt. This is especially critical for komatiite lavas and ultramafic intrusive rocks.
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Trass is the local name of a volcanic tuff occurring in the Eifel, where it is worked for hydraulic mortar. It is a grey or cream-coloured fragmental rock, largely composed of pumiceous dust, and may be regarded as a trachytic tuff. It much resembles the Italian pozzolana and is applied to like purposes. Mixed with lime and sand, or with Portland cement, it is extensively employed for hydraulic work, especially in the Netherlands; while the compact varieties have been used as a building material and as a fire-stone in ovens.
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Felsic or silicic lavas such as rhyolite and dacite typically form lava spines, lava domes or "coulees" (which are thick, short lava flows) and are associated with pyroclastic (fragmental) deposits. Most silicic lava flows are extremely viscous, and typically fragment as they extrude, producing blocky autobreccias. The high viscosity and strength are the result of their chemistry, which is high in silica, aluminium, potassium, sodium, and calcium, forming a polymerized liquid rich in feldspar and quartz, and thus has a higher viscosity than other magma types. Felsic magmas can erupt at temperatures as low as .
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The volcano heated glacial water then flooded down the volcano's vent, creating violent steam explosions and broken lava fragments. Once the steam explosions had subsided, the broken lava fragments settled back into the glacial water, creating the unvolcano-like form of White Horse Bluff which is mostly made of fragmental volcanic glass called hyaloclastite. The volcano ceased erupting soon after breaching the surface of the glacial water. Osprey Falls drops over the lava dam at outlet of Clearwater Lake Other volcanic events elsewhere interacted with groundwater and magma creating numerous pit craters.
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This area is known as the Samalga Pass and was the center of ancient activity on the island and is located about off the southwestern tip of the island (Cape Sagak). Mount Recheshnoi The north- northeastern part of the island contains tholeittic basaltic rocks and is characterized by tension faulting, lava flows and fragmental deposits of igneous rocks. The volcano of Mount Okmok, characterized by its wide circular caldera, it located in the northwestern part of the island. This generally flat central basin has an average elevation of 370 m above sea level, with the rim of the caldera reaching a height of .
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Photograph taken on Apollo 14 showing a cluster of boulders near the rim of Cone crater. Note the layering on some of the larger boulders. Analysis of Apollo 14 samples suggests that there are five major geologic constituents present in the immediate landing area: regolith breccias, fragmental breccias, igneous lithologies, granulitic lithologies, and impact-melt lithologies. Samples of each of these compositions were recovered in one or both of two major surface units of the Apollo 14 landing site within Fra Mauro: the immediate impact blanket of Cone crater, about 25 million years old, and surrounding older terrain.
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Volcanic tephra at Brown Bluff, Antarctica (2016) Tephra is fragmental material produced by a volcanic eruption regardless of composition, fragment size, or emplacement mechanism.This is the broad definition of tephra (Greek tephra, "ash") proposed by the Icelandic volcanologist Sigurður Þórarinsson (Sigurdur Thorarinsson) in 1954, in connection with the eruption of Hekla (Thorarinsson, "The eruption of Hekla, 1947-48II, 3, The tephra-fall from Hekla, March 29th, 1947", Visindafélag Íslendinga (1954:1-3). Tephra horizons in south-central Iceland: The thick and light-coloured layer at the centre of the photo is rhyolitic tephra from Hekla. Volcanologists also refer to airborne fragments as pyroclasts.
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In his early works we can appreciate an interest in Chinese gardens. The design was just an expression of the fragmental feel of gardens. This influence continues during his career. Well known for his Sino/foreign cooperation in two big projects up to the moment, in Xihuan Plaza and the Xizhimen Transportation Hub, as the chief designer, he presided engineering design and particular work, cooperating with the French firm Arup it was just the beginning which gave him a basis for the Master Project of 2008 Beijing Olympic Games the design of “Bird’s Nest”, Beijing National Stadium.
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Numerous Peléan pyroclastic flows (consisting of a super-heated mix of gas, ash, and pumice) accompanied these cooler avalanches, forming a fragmental cone in volume and an overall slope of 12 to 15 degrees. (Erosion has since steepened this slope.) Some of the glacial ice was melted by the eruptions, forming a small lake against Brohm Ridge's southern arm. The volcanic sandstones seen today atop Brohm Ridge were created by ash settling in this lake. Elfin Lakes and Opal Cone on Garibaldi's southeast flank Glacial overlap was most significant on the west and somewhat to the south.
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A thin Section of a meteorite found in the Jiddat al Harasis Oman is one of the rare places on Earth where a number of lunar meteorites have been found. The largest strewn field of meteorites in the country is situated in Jiddat al-Harasis. According to the Meteoritical Bulletin of the International Society for Meteorites and Planetary Science there are 3,116 recorded meteorites from Oman out of which 1,385 are in Jiddat al-Harasis area; 41 approved meteorites are classified as Lunar meteorites. The "Jiddat al Harasis 348" sample found in 2006, was recovered at Al Wusta in Jiddat weighing 18.4 g, a Lunar feldspathic fragmental breccia.
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The nearly circular uninhabited island formed by Augustine Volcano is wide east-west, north-south; a nearly symmetrical central summit peaks at altitude . USGS map of Augustine Volcano island Augustine's summit consists of several overlapping lava dome complexes formed during many historic and prehistoric eruptions. Most of the fragmental debris exposed along its slopes comprises angular blocks of dome-rock andesite, typically of cobble to boulder size but carrying clasts as large as 4 to 8 meters (10 to 25 feet), rarely as large as 30 meters (100 ft). The surface of such deposits is hummocky, a field of steep conical mounds and intervening depressions with many meters of local relief.
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However, disseminated and low tenor nickel mineralisation is known from the other ultramafic units, especially the Western Ultramafic Unit (WUU). The general stratigraphy of the belt is, from base upwards, a thick sequence of felsic orthogneiss composed of fragmental to glomerocrystic feldspar gneiss, known as the footwall felsic sequence; the ultramafic units of komatiite affinity, 'overlain' by grunerite-magnetite- quartz-amphibole banded iron formation of the Honman Formation, tholeiitic basalt and metasedimentary rocks. Regionally, several subvolcanic lopolithic layered intrusions have been identified from mapping and drilling. These are interpreted to represent the feeder conduits to extrusive ultramafic and mafic igneous rocks stratigraphically higher in the belt.
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In 1943-1946 he was in "Stepsgeo" team fighting in high-mountains of the Caucasus and participated in the military-geographical expeditions in South Georgia. Being demobilized from the army in 1946, in a very short time he got ready his dissertation - "Karst of fragmental rock, its geomorphological characteristics in the light of general karstology, Central Megrelia as an example (Western Georgia)" and successfully defended his master's degree in 1947.Geomorphology, Russian Academy of Sciences, October–December, № 4 - 2002, pp. 121. Since 1947, Levan Maruashvili worked as an assistant professor at Kutaisi Pedagogical Institute, and from 1949 to 1953 took over the Department of Geography at Sokhumi Pedagogical Institute.
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En route to Katmai in 1913, Robert F. Griggs had briefly inferred landslide (debris avalanche) as the origin of Augustine's hummocky coastal topography about Burr Point, by geomorphic analogy with the hummocky and blocky deposit of a 1912 landslide near Katmai. The hummocky deposits on Augustine's lower flanks resemble both topographically and lithologically those of the great landslide or debris avalanche that initiated the spectacular May 18, 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens. The deposit of that landslide revealed the origin of coarse diamicts with hummocky topography at other strato volcanic cones. Since 1980 many hummocky coarsely fragmental deposits on Augustine's lower flanks have come to be interpreted as deposits of numerous great landslides and debris avalanches.
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Jordan Doner is a New York City based photographer and visual artist. His conceptual work and photography have been exhibited at P.S. 1 Museum, The Fragmental Museum at the Cutlog NY fair, ROX Gallery, Steven Kasher Gallery, Serge Sorokko Gallery, Miami Art Basel, Milk Gallery, and featured in the Arts section of the New York Times, the Miami Herald, BLOUIN ARTINFO, Cultured Magazine, Art News, The Art Newspaper, Purple Diaries, and auctioned at Christies. His cultural criticism has been published by Thadeaus Ropec Gallery in Paris. Doner's design work has been featured at the Museum of Art and Design in New York, the Whitney Museum Store and is part of the permanent collection of both the Cooper Hewitt Museum, the MET Costume Institute, and the Louvre.
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Iron occurrences were observed during initial geological mapping of the area in the mid thirties but the economical potential was not fully recognised until a joint Afghan-Soviet project, between 1963 and 1965, carried out an extensive study which mapped and described the deposit in some detail. The regional geology was mapped at 1:50 000 while the Hajigak deposit was mapped at 1:10 000. Focusing on the western area of the deposit, the study included detailed prospecting, trenching, ore sampling, four deep drillholes, a 200 m long horizontal adit and shafts into the fragmental ore. For two of the main ore bodies, I and II, horizontal plans and vertical crosssections were generated allowing the ore to be resource classified.
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On this scale, for sand the value of Φ varies from −1 to +4, with the divisions between sub- categories at whole numbers. Close up of black volcanic sand from Perissa, Santorini, Greece The most common constituent of sand, in inland continental settings and non-tropical coastal settings, is silica (silicon dioxide, or SiO2), usually in the form of quartz, which, because of its chemical inertness and considerable hardness, is the most common mineral resistant to weathering. The composition of mineral sand is highly variable, depending on the local rock sources and conditions. The bright white sands found in tropical and subtropical coastal settings are eroded limestone and may contain coral and shell fragments in addition to other organic or organically derived fragmental material, suggesting that sand formation depends on living organisms, too.
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Texture (or rock microstructureVernon, R.H. (2004) A practical guide to rock microstructure, Cambridge University Press, ) in geology refers to the relationship between the materials of which a rock is composed. The broadest textural classes are crystalline (in which the components are intergrown and interlocking crystals), fragmental (in which there is an accumulation of fragments by some physical process), aphanitic (in which crystals are not visible to the unaided eye), and glassy (in which the particles are too small to be seen and amorphously arranged).Texture & Genesis of Rocks, Introductory Geology Laboratory, Christopher DiLeonardo, Ph.D., Marek Cichanski, Ph.D., Earth & Space Sciences, De Anza College The geometric aspects and relations amongst the component particles or crystals are referred to as the crystallographic texture or preferred orientation. Textures can be quantified in many ways.
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The vast majority of igneous rocks are formed from molten magma and the degree of crystallization depends primarily on the conditions under which they solidified. Such rocks as granite, which have cooled very slowly and under great pressures, have completely crystallized; but many kinds of lava were poured out at the surface and cooled very rapidly, and in this latter group a small amount of amorphous or glassy matter is common. Other crystalline rocks, the metamorphic rocks such as marbles, mica-schists and quartzites, are recrystallized. This means that they were at first fragmental rocks like limestone, shale and sandstone and have never been in a molten condition nor entirely in solution, but the high temperature and pressure conditions of metamorphism have acted on them by erasing their original structures and inducing recrystallization in the solid state.
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Since the discovery of archaic human fossils by Dubois and van Koenigswald during the late 1800s and early 1900s which identified as Homo erectus, there is a small number of later evidence of Homo erectus that found as old as those fossils. Nevertheless, in local scale, one human fossil was found in the region of northern Thailand in 1999 by one villager in which some archaeologists suggest that it might be a fragmental piece of the skull of Homo erectus (c. 500 Ka) the four pieces of the fragmented skull are believed to be the right "frontal region of a calvaria with a very thick tabula externa, a thick dipole and very thin tabula interna" (Marwick 2009:54). However, this evidence is still debated by scholars and no research has been conducted regarding the age of the piece and the fauna that comes with it.
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Above, In the upper wall there are two frescos from the early 15th century: the upper one depicting the Madonna in Throne and the lower one depicting the saints Cosma and Damian with the rest of the image missing. The right wall (when facing the altar) Four niches with fragmental mural decorations remain from old altars or shrines that have since been removed. From the front to back St. Luci between Saint John Baptist and Saint Rocco made in 15th century, a crucifixion between Saint Gerome and Saint Leonard dated 1599, The incredulity of St Thomas 16th century, beyond there is a side altar originally from the 15th century with a modern statue of the Virgin Mary and Child, beyond in a round niche is a newly restored 15th century ceramic bust of San Bernardino that was originally located at the Oratory of San Bernardino (now Bar Paretti on via Roma). The front wall On the wall around the apse opening we find a series of 17th century frescos depicting Franciscan Saints among which Saint Anthony of Padua.
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The first documented bishop of Cattaro was Paulus, who participated in the Council of Chalcedon in 451. The next mention of the Diocese of Cattaro was 530, when it is mentioned as a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Salona (Solin). The late Antiquity era, relatively the early Christian origin of the bishopric of Cattaro, is testified by an early Christian baptistery from the late 5th or early 6th centuries, discovered in an archeological examination of the Church of Saint Maria of Rijeka (Crkva sv. Marije od Rijeke) following the 1979 earthquake where the probable foundations of the first cathedral in Cattaro was discovered with remains, such as the cathedra and ciborium from the 6th century. John, a bishop of Cattaro, was certainly mentioned in the acts of the Second Council of Nicaea in 787. John was also mentioned in 809 in epigraphical inscriptions found in Cattaro. Bishops of Cattaro were mentioned in Ecclesiastical Assembly of Spalatum in 925 and 928, during the reign of King Tomislav. Only a fragmental list of the bishops before the 11th century were preserved. Afterward, since 1090 till the present day, a complete list has existed, beginning with bishop Grimoald, of Lombard origin.
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