But two years later, Gunnar Foreland, a Norwegian ambassador with experience in Africa, warned his American counterpart about underestimating Ms. Mugabe's influence over her husband.
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Foreland Shipping, which owns and operates the four Britain-flagged RORO vessels, said the ships were employed on other operations "and will remain so for the foreseeable future".
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The Fitzcarrald arch has the effect of splitting the Amazonian Basin into three subbasins: northern Amazonian foreland basin, southern Amazonian foreland basin, and the eastern Amazonian foreland basin.
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The Acadian Foreland Basin is a Retroarc Foreland Basin Foreland basins are a product of tectonic deformational loading, or crustal thickening along the orogen, a consequence of overthrusting and folding. The Acadian foreland basin is categorized as a retroarc foreland basin, which occurs on the overriding continental lithosphere, adjacent to a foreland fold-thrust belt behind a continental margin arc. The initial result of loading is a bulge move out and uplift of the foreland, which generates a localized unconformity. The distributions of unconformities display an asymmetric pattern in relation to the promontories.
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North Foreland Lighthouse South Foreland Lighthouse once known as South Foreland Upper South Foreland Low Lighthouse now known as Old St Margaret's Lighthouse East Goodwin LightshipThe East Goodwin lightship guards the end of the Sands on the farthest part out, to warn ships. It is the only remaining lightship of the five which once guarded the sands. The sands were once covered by three lighthouses on the Kent mainland with only North Foreland lighthouse still in operation. South Foreland lighthouse, once known as South Foreland Upper lighthouse is now owned by the National Trust.
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From west to east the foreland basin stretches across five countries: Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bangladesh, and Bhutan. The Himalayan foreland basin has been studied within the Himalaya (where the foreland basin succession has been uplifted and exposed in the Sub- Himalaya and Lesser Himalaya), and in the subsurface (where petroleum exploration wells and seismic data are used). The foreland basin fill traces back to the onset development of the foreland basin which started during the Paleogene period around 45 - 50 Ma . Deposition in the foreland basin appears to be diachronous; a lag in time exists between parts of the basin.
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The Himalayan foreland basin has been divided into different rock units in different parts of the basin. The earliest deposits of the foreland basin are marine mudstones, which are unconformably overlain by continental deposits. Neogene and Quaternary continental deposits make up the vast majority of the foreland basin fill. The stratigraphy of the foreland basin is best known from studies of uplifted strata in the Lesser and Sub- Himalaya, supplemented by data from the small amount of wells that test the hydrocarbon potential of the foreland basin drilled in India and Nepal.
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These Indian Plate rock units extend under the foreland basin and have been correlated to a series of depressions and ridges underneath the foreland basin. As the Indian plate has flexed (bent) under the Eurasian plate, the depressions and ridges have acted as flexible and stiff areas respectively, influencing the thickness of the foreland basin fill.
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The greatest ice advance into the Alpine Foreland took place during the Riss glaciation (c.f the Saale glaciation in northern Europe). The most recent foreland glaciation, the Würm, did not have such an extensive and solid glacial front. Nevertheless, its terminal moraines, which indicate the perimeter of the ice sheet, extend as a single tongue well into the foreland.
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To the north this landscape transitions into the equally thickly wooded escarpments and fault-block landscape of the Southwest Harz Foreland, in which Jurassic limestone is found alongside Bunter and Muschelkalk. Immediately north of Einbeck the Hube, an outlier of the Southwest Harz Foreland, reaches the western side of the Leine and "blocks" the Leine trough to the north. West of the trough is the heath landscape of the latter opposite the intensively farmed Solling Foreland. Not counted as part of the Leine Uplands is the extreme east of the Southwest Harz Foreland and the extreme northwest of the Solling Foreland around the Vogler.
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The Persian Gulf – the foreland basin produced by the Zagros orogenic belt A foreland basin is a structural basin that develops adjacent and parallel to a mountain belt. Foreland basins form because the immense mass created by crustal thickening associated with the evolution of a mountain belt causes the lithosphere to bend, by a process known as lithospheric flexure. The width and depth of the foreland basin is determined by the flexural rigidity of the underlying lithosphere, and the characteristics of the mountain belt. The foreland basin receives sediment that is eroded off the adjacent mountain belt, filling with thick sedimentary successions that thin away from the mountain belt.
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There are different management issues with regard to cuspate forelands depending on their formation. If a cuspate foreland has formed from deposition, it may be vulnerable if human interference alters the transport of sediments from the shoreline. However, if the cuspate foreland is a relic of a past feature that has eroded, human interference with longshore sediment movement will not have a significant impact on the cuspate foreland. For a cuspate foreland to be maintained, the input of sediment must be greater than output of sediment.
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The Southern foreland of the pyrenean orogen is the Ebro Basin or Ebro Foreland Basin. It can be divided into a Southern Folded Foreland section in the northeastern Catalan sector and a basically undeformed flat-lying main section taking up the rest. Like the Subpyrenean Zone in the north, the Southern Folded Foreland was also affected by the thrusting motions of the Sierras Marginales and their easterly representatives. The induced folding intensity decreases the farther one moves away from the thrust fronts until one reaches the undeformed Ebro Basin.
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Satellite image of the Himalayas with the Himalayan foreland basin highlighted in purple The Himalayan foreland basin is an active collisional foreland basin system in South Asia. Uplift and loading of the Eurasian plate on to the Indian plate resulted in the flexure (bending) of the Indian plate, and the creation of a depression adjacent to the Himalayan mountain belt. This depression was filled with sediment eroded from the Himalaya, that lithified and produced a sedimentary basin ~3 to >7 km deep. The foreland basin spans approximately in length and in width.
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South Foreland lighthouse seen from the sea South Foreland is a chalk headland on the Kent coast of southeast England. It presents a bold cliff to the sea, and commands views over the Strait of Dover. It is centred northeast of Dover and 15 miles south of North Foreland. It includes the closest point on the British mainland to the European continent at a distance of .
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The Indo-Gangetic Plain is geologically known as a foredeep or foreland basin.
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Foreland basins represent an endmember basin type, the other being rift basins. Space for sediments (accommodation space) is provided by loading and downflexure to form foreland basins, in contrast to rift basins, where accommodation space is generated by lithospheric extension.
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Glacier foreland beneath the Langgletscher in Switzerland The region between the current leading edge of the glacier and the moraines of latest maximum is called glacier foreland or glacier forefield. In the Alps this maximum was in 1850 and since then the region has become ice free due to deglaciation. Because of this relative recent development of vegetation and morphodynamic the glacier foreland differs considerably from the surrounding landscape.
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North Foreland lighthouse is visible on the right of the photo of Kingsgate Castle.
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Subsidence follows bulge movement and uplift, and is produced on the cratonic side of the orogen due to regional isostatic adjustment to the load by the lithosphere. Once thrust propagation declines, substantial relief and drainage nets have had time to develop, and the as a resulting coarser clastic sediment is eroded and transported to the foreland basin. The basement structures of the Appalachian foreland basin at the onset of the Acadian orogeny were reactivated during foreland lithospheric flexure. These structures affected the foreland basin evolution and sedimentation patterns, and the preexisting faults partitioned the basin into regions of fault-controlled uplift and depocenters.
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North Foreland lighthouse was the last manned lighthouse in the UK but was automated in a ceremony presided over by the Duke of Edinburgh in 1998. Dermot Cronin and Tony Homewood were the last Principal Lighthouse Keepers that manned North Foreland lighthouse.
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The area of the sea between Bideford and Foreland Point is a Marine Conservation Zone.
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The Himalayan foreland basin is adjacent to the Himalayan mountain belt; it laps onto the Indian Craton to the south and is bounded by stacked thrust sheets of the Himalayas to the north. The foreland basin, much like the Himalayan mountain range, spans approximately west to east across Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bhutan and Bangladesh. The actively subsiding foreland basin lies beneath the Punjab region of Pakistan and the Gangetic plain of India and southernmost Nepal.
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During the later part of the Carboniferous period (Westphalian and Stephanian) the Rhenohercynian zone formed the foreland of a relatively fast- developing Hercynian mountainbelt to the south. Isostatic subsidence of the foreland resulted in the development of a deep foreland basin. This filled with the products of erosion in the Hercynian mountains and the contemporaneously uplifted London-Brabant Massif to the north. During the Westphalian, the basin was completely filled and rose above sea level.
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This once worked with the nearby South Foreland Low lighthouse, also known as Old St Margaret's Lighthouse. When the two South Foreland lights were in alignment ship's crews would know that they had reached the South-most extent of the sandbank. When the Goodwin sands shifted South Foreland Low was decommissioned and replaced by the South Goodwin Lightvessel. The first of these ships was bombed by the Germans and sank on 25 October 1940.
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The basin migrates with the orogenic front and early deposited foreland basin sediments become progressively involved in folding and thrusting. Sediments deposited in the foreland basin are mainly derived from the erosion of the actively uplifting rocks of the mountain range, although some sediments derive from the foreland. The fill of many such basins shows a change in time from deepwater marine (flysch-style) through shallow water to continental (molasse-style) sediments.
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Foreland basins are filled with sediments which erode from the adjacent mountain belt. In the early stages, the foreland basin is said to be underfilled. During this stage, deep water and commonly marine sediments, known as flysch, are deposited. Eventually, the basin becomes completely filled.
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George was famous for his wonderful models of the lights in which he served. Models of Smeaton's tower, Bull Point and North Foreland still exist. The model of Bull Point is owned by Plymouth Museums. The North Foreland model is in a private collection.
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A North Foreland Lodge Hundredth Anniversary drinks party was held in London on 5 March 2009.
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Simultaneously, the North Dobogrea orogenic belt became part of the stable craton of the Carpathian foreland.
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It is also uncertain why two lights were built in 1840 to give a lead when a Trinity House lightship had been stationed at the South Sands Head since 1832 precisely for that purpose. Lieutenant John Hay (British Channel Piloting, 1850) lists many bearings in the Downs using churches, buildings, mills, castles, and the upper South Foreland lighthouse, but makes no mention of one using both South Foreland lighthouses. Greg Holyoake, in his book Deal:All in the Downs, in a seemingly well-researched chapter on lighthouses and lightships (p. 100) says two lighthouses were first built at the South Foreland to distinguish it from the North Foreland.
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Foreland Island is an island east-southeast of Taylor Point, off the east side of King George Island, in the South Shetland Islands. This island was known to sealers as early as 1821 and takes its name from North Foreland, the prominent cape to the northwest.
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The fossil was discovered in 1930 by Georg Gürich on Farm Kuibis in the Namibian foreland basin.
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A foreland basin also forms at this time. Cross section is modified from Guynn et al., 2006.
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Bad weather caused the tow line to break, however, and Nubian ran aground under the South Foreland.
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The company was formed by a consortium of Bibby Line, Houlder Hadley, James Fisher plc and Andrew Weir Shipping in 2001. In August, 2013, James Fisher plc sold its 25% shareholding in Foreland to the Hadley Shipping Group. Foreland is currently wholly owned by the Hadley Shipping Group.
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The Nama Group is a megaregional Vendian to Cambrian group of stratigraphic sequences deposited in the Nama foreland basin in central and southern Namibia. The Nama Basin is a peripheral foreland basin, and the Nama Group was deposited in two early basins, the Zaris and Witputs, to the north, while the South African Vanrhynsdorp Group was deposited in the southern third.Gresse, P. G., G. J. B. Germs. The Nama foreland basin: sedimentation, major unconformity bounded sequences and multisided active margin advance.
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To the north the Alpine Foreland forms the boundary from the river Lech to the river Loisach. The Lech forms the boundary in the west from its exit into the Alpine Foreland downstream as far as Reutte. The Loisach borders the Ammergau Alps in the east, southeast and south from its exit into the Alpine Foreland upstream as far as the Ehrwald Basin. To the southwest the valley of the Zwischentoren forms the link between the Ehrwald Basin and the Reutte Basin (Talkessel).
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Himalayan deformation was previously thought to stop at the foot of the Himalaya, or the northern boundary of the foreland basin (the Main Frontal Thrust). The Himalayan foreland basin was thus thought to be undeformed. Himalayan deformation has been shown to extend into the subsurface of the foreland basin, in the form of blind thrust faults, and strike-slip faults. These faults reach over 37 km south of the Main Frontal Thrust, and are responsible for several modern-day topographic highs.
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South Foreland as seen from the sea. The first pair of lighthouses at South Foreland was built in 1635 by Sir John Meldrum. (He also built the first North Foreland Lighthouse, 15 miles to the north, the following year.) The light at this time was provided by an open fire burning in a brazier on the roof. Responsibility for the lighthouses (and rights to the associated light dues) were passed to a Robert Osboldston in 1643, and then in 1715 to Greenwich Hospital.
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She damaged Atlantic City and sank Botney on 26 July 1941, west of Bloody Foreland, (also in Ireland).
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Lynmouth Foreland Lighthouse (also called the Countisbury Foreland Lighthouse, after the nearby village) is located on Foreland Point; it was originally simply named 'The Foreland Lighthouse'. First lit on 28th September 1900, the lighthouse was built to assist vessels passing through the Bristol Channel, and is a round brick tower painted white.London Gazette, Issue 27237, Page 6260, 12 October 1900. The light is above the high tide, and flashes 4 times every 15 seconds; the optic ('a 1st Order dioptric apparatus, eight panels in two groups of four, revolving on a motor driven mercury float pedestal') was manufactured by Chance Brothers & Co. and is very similar to that installed in Pendeen Lighthouse the same year.
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In 1947 (following its use as a military hospital in the Second World War) the Sherfield Manor site was purchased and operated by North Foreland Lodge, a girls' boarding school previously based in North Foreland, Kent. The buildings on the site were then extended over the years to a size in excess of with the site also including nine residential units. The North Foreland Lodge girls' boarding school used this site as a school from 1947 until 2003. In 2001-2002 Gordonstoun School of Scotland sought to acquire the school with the support of some of the North Foreland Lodge governors,Wendy Wallace, 'Independents' Day' in The Times (London), issue 68291 dated 22 January 2005, pp.
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The Molasse basin (or North Alpine foreland basin) is a foreland basin north of the Alps which formed during the Oligocene and Miocene epochs. The basin formed as a result of the flexure of the European plate under the weight of the orogenic wedge of the Alps that was forming to the south. In geology, the name "molasse basin" is sometimes also used in a general sense for a synorogenic (formed contemporaneously with the orogen) foreland basin of the type north of the Alps. The basin is the type locality of molasse, a sedimentary sequence of conglomerates and sandstones, material that was removed from the developing mountain chain by erosion and denudation, that is typical for foreland basins.
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Skarvsnes Foreland () is an extensive foreland surmounted by bare rock peaks and indented by several coves, protruding into the east part of Lutzow-Holm Bay, Antarctica. It was first mapped by Norwegian cartographers from air photos taken by the Lars Christensen Expedition (LCE) of 1936–37. Its name means "barren mountain headland." Most other features on the foreland were mapped and named by LCE personnel, with a few others mapped from surveys and air photos by Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (JARE) of 1957–62.
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Lusen in the Bavarian Forest to the Dachstein massif of the Alps The Alpine Foreland, less commonly called the Bavarian Foreland,Dickinson, Robert E (1964). Germany: A regional and economic geography (2nd ed.). London: Methuen, pp. 585-586. . Bavarian Plateau or Bavarian Alpine Foreland (), refers to a triangular region of plateau and rolling foothills in Southern Germany, stretching from Lake Constance in the west to beyond Linz on the Danube in the east, with the Bavarian Alps forming its south boundary and the Danube its northern extent.
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Tectonic map of the Mediterranean, showing the position of the Alps within other structures of the Alpide belt The Alps form a northward convex arc around their southeastern foreland basin, the Po river basin (to be precise the south is in fact their hinterland). Quaternary and Neogene sediments in this basin lie discordant over the southernmost thrust units. In the northeast, southward dipping and internally thrusted Cenozoic foreland deposits (flysch and molasse) are found. This Bavarian and Swiss foreland basin is called the Molasse basin.
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Generalized Foreland Basin System Evolution Foreland basins form because as the mountain belt grows, it exerts a significant mass on the Earth's crust, which causes it to bend, or flex, downwards. This occurs so that the weight of the mountain belt can be compensated by isostasy at the upflex of the forebulge. The plate tectonic evolution of a peripheral foreland basin involves three general stages. First, the passive margin stage with orogenic loading of previously stretched continental margin during the early stages of convergence.
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South Foreland Lighthouse is a Victorian lighthouse on the South Foreland in St. Margaret's Bay, Dover, Kent, England, used to warn ships approaching the nearby Goodwin Sands. Built in 1843, it went out of service in 1988 and is currently owned by the National Trust. It is notable as having been the first lighthouse to use an electric light, and was the site chosen by Guglielmo Marconi for his pioneering experiments in wireless radio transmissions. The lighthouse was originally South Foreland Upper Lighthouse, one of a pair.
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As sand erodes from the sandbank, it is pushed towards the coastline, contributing to the formation of the cuspate foreland as the sandbank migrates along the coast. This often occurs in the opposite direction to longshore drift. In the case of a cuspate foreland that has formed close to an island, it is possible for it to extend right up to the island, forming a tombolo. Depending on the physical conditions such as storms, the feature can alternate between a cuspate foreland and a tombolo.
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North Foreland is the eastern extremity of the Isle of Thanet North ForelandTR 39860 69616 is a chalk headland on the Kent coast of southeast England. North Foreland forms the eastern end of the Isle of Thanet. It presents a bold cliff to the sea, and commands views over the southern North Sea.
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Longshore drift is usually the main process in the formation of a cuspate foreland The debate involving how cuspate forelands form is ongoing.McNinch, J. E., and Luettich, R. A., 2000. Physical processes around a cuspate foreland: implications to the evolution and long-term maintenance of a cape-associated shoal. Continental Shelf Research.
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The Foreland Basin System In general, there are two main types of orogens at convergent plate margins: (1) accretionary orogens, which were produced by subduction of one oceanic plate beneath one continental plate to result in either continental arc magmatism or the accretion of island arc terranes to continental margins; (2) collisional orogens, which were produced by collision between two continental blocks, with subduction of one continental block beneath the other continental block. An orogeny produces an orogen, but a (mountain) range-foreland basin system is only produced on passive plate margins. The foreland basin forms ahead of the orogen due mainly to loading and resulting flexure of the lithosphere by the developing mountain belt. A typical foreland basin is subdivided into a wedge-top basin above the active orogenic wedge, the foredeep immediately beyond the active front, a forebulge high of flexural origin and a back-bulge area beyond, although not all of these are present in all foreland-basin systems.
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In 1719 ownership of both the North and South Foreland lights passed by will to the Trustees of Greenwich Hospital.
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Kinematics of deformation and petroleum system appraisal in Neogene foreland fold-and-thrust belts. Petroleum Geoscience, 1(3), 253–269.
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Foreland Point Foreland Point is a rocky headland in Devon near Lynmouth, and is the most northerly point along the Devon and Exmoor coast. The highest cliff is above the high tide, although the highest point of the entire headland is near Countisbury (a village around a mile away) at . The headland is owned by the National Trust; some areas are open to public access all year, as part of the South West Coast Path, while other areas have limited access. The Trinity House-operated Lynmouth Foreland Lighthouse is also located here.
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Activities such as coastal development or engineering must be regulated for sediment to continue moving towards the foreland where it can be deposited. Development along cuspate forelands is risky due to erosion and the vulnerability to storms and sea level rise. As sea levels rise, cuspate forelands are likely to be at risk as they could move inland. At Point Pelee, approximately 1,900 hectares of former agricultural land on the cuspate foreland is now under water as a result of wind erosion and compaction of organic soils on the foreland.
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The English built a temporary whaling station on the island's northern tip, known to the English as Fair Foreland (today Fuglehuken).
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The climb is rewarded with a wonderful view of the Brocken, the town of Wernigerode below and the North Harz Foreland.
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Within the foreland basin, these fluids potentially can heat and mineralize materials, as well as mix with the local hydrostatic head.
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Foreland basins formed across the region which received large amount of sediment due to the plate boundary interactions to the north.
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Nappes advancing from the south deposited olistostrome detritus into the Fungurume foreland basin to the north of the arc. Nappe overthrusting and deformation of the foreland followed before the olistostrome sediments had lithified. Scheme of an Anticline: A fold that is convex up and has its oldest beds at its core. Erosion may expose the older rocks.
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The Selke is a river of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It is a right-hand tributary of the Bode that starts in the Harz Mountains before breaking out onto the northeastern Harz Foreland. It has a length of , of which lie in the forested mountains of the Harz and the rest on the agricultural lowlands of the Harz Foreland.
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Orogenic wedge including Foreland basin Foreland basins are flexural depressions created by large fold thrust sheets that form toward the undeformed continental crust. They form as an isostatic response to an orogenic load. Basin growth is controlled by load migration and corresponding sedimentation rates. The broader a basin is, the greater the subsidence is in magnitude.
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Active deformation of the foreland basin has only been mapped in one area of Nepal, but may be present in other regions.
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Wollaston Foreland () is a peninsula in King Christian X Land, East Greenland. Administratively it belongs to the NE Greenland National Park area.
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Portland stone was brought from the quarries at Weymouth round the North Foreland, into the Thames estuary and up into the London River.
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Copper slate and schist was mined in the Mansfeld Land, southeast Harz and southeastern Harz Foreland from 1200 to 1990., for example in the Sangerhausen Field (Sangerhäuser Revier) and thus in the Röhrigschacht. The mineshaft is part of the historic mining landscape of the southeastern Harz Foreland. Its head frame, which dates to 1888, is one of the oldest in Europe.
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Kvarsnes Bay is a small bay at the southwest side of Kvarsnes Foreland, and is named in association with it. Rund Bay ("Round Bay") is a small bay indenting the south shore of Edward VIII Bay immediately east of Kvarsnes Foreland. These features were mapped and named by Norwegian cartographers from aerial photographs taken by the Lars Christensen Expedition, 1936–37.
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The Kootenai Formation is a Lower Cretaceous geologic formation. The Kootenai was deposited in a foreland basin east of the Sevier thrust belt in western Montana. The lithology consists of a basal conglomerate with overlying non- marine sandstones, shales and lacustrine limestones.Decelles, P. G., Sedimentation in a tectonically partitioned, nonmarine foreland basin: The Lower Cretaceous Kootenai Formation, southwestern Montana, GSA Bulletin, 1997, v.
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During the Second World War South Foreland carried a Chain Home radar station similar to the still-extant towers at Swingate, east of Dover.
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Precipitation is collected mainly by the Guadalquivir (Betics) and Sebou (Rif) rivers, which have delivered most sedimentary infill of the homonym sedimentary foreland basins..
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The Foreland Basin System DeCelles & Giles (1996) provide a thorough definition of the foreland basin system. Foreland basin systems comprise three characteristic properties: # An elongate region of potential sediment accommodation that forms on continental crust between a contractional orogenic belt and the adjacent craton, mainly in response to geodynamic processes related to subduction and the resulting peripheral or retroarc fold-thrust belt; # It consists of four discrete depozones, referred to as the wedge-top, foredeep, forebulge and back-bulge depozones (depositional zones) – which of these depozones a sediment particle occupies depends on its location at the time of deposition, rather than its ultimate geometric relationship with the thrust belt; # The longitudinal dimension of the foreland basin system is roughly equal to the length of the fold-thrust belt, and does not include sediment that spills into remnant ocean basins or continental rifts (impactogens).
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During the Caledonian orogeny Finland was likely a sunken foreland basin covered by sediments, subsequent uplift and erosion would have eroded all of these sediments.
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The Superior Boundary zone is a narrow, southeastern, ensialic foreland zone bordering Superior Craton, comprising the Thompson Belt, Split Lake Block, and Fox River Belt.
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The collision caused a peripheral foreland basin to form in the north part of the Lhasa terrane. In some parts of the foreland basin the north- dipping subduction of the Neotethyan oceanic crust below the Lhasa terrane caused volcanism. The Gangdese batholith was formed as this subduction continued along the southern margin of the Lhasa terrane. The Gangdese intrudes the southern half of the Lhasa terrain.
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Fold and thrust belts are formed of a series of sub-parallel thrust sheets, separated by major thrust faults. As the total shortening increases in a fold and thrust belt, the belt propagates into its foreland. New thrusts develop at the front of the belt, folding the older thrusts that have become inactive. This sequential propagation of thrusts into the foreland is the most common.
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The Alps were formed because the continents of Europe and Africa collided. It is thought that because the collision was irregular, the initial contact between the two continents resulted in the formation of dilational (extensional) structures in the foreland basin to the north of the Alps.Sengor, A.M.C. 1976. "Collision of irregular continental margins: Implications for foreland deformation of Alpine-type orogens", Geology, 4, 779–782.
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The upper Stormberg rocks changes back to being sandstone-rich. These sandstones represent preserved dune fields deposited by aeolian processes in a desert environment. As the Stormberg Group is part of the Karoo Supergroup its associated rocks were deposited in a retroarc foreland basin. A fault-controlled crustal uplift (orogenesis) in the south influenced the foreland system at the beginning of the Stormberg deposition.
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Location of King George Island in the South Shetland Islands. Limit Rock () is a rock awash, lying east of North Foreland, the northeast cape of King George Island, in the South Shetland Islands on the Southern Ocean. It was charted in 1937 by Discovery Investigations personnel on the Discovery II, and so named because it marks the eastern limit of foul ground surrounding North Foreland.
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Further to the south, lagoon conditions formed the Butmah Formation, Adaiyah Anhydrite, Mus Limestone, Alan Anhydrite and Sargelu Formation. The Najmah and Gotnia formations emplaced during the Callovian and Tithonian. Through the Jurassic, the Nahr Umr, Mauddud, Rutba and Msad formations accumulated in what is now the Western Desert. The Foreland Folds Belt foreland basin accumulated calcareous material and argillite, including the 762 meter Balambo Formation.
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Some also suggested this landform caused by the combined effect of shearing and extension or thrusting from crustal shortening. Starting from Permian, Junggar Basin was formed to initiate the foreland basin cycle. There presented extensional shearing and continuous deposition of non-marine foreland basin-fill till Triassic. Since the level of the trapped lake in the basin was rising, finer deposits covered widespread the basin with denudation.
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This cuspate foreland has formed as a result of the merging of SW waves from the English Channel, and waves from the east from the Strait of Dover. Another example is the cuspate foreland found between Awatere River and White Bluffs in Marlborough, New Zealand.Pickrill, R. A., 1977. Coastal processes, beach morphology, and sediments along the north-east coast of the South Island, New Zealand.
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South Foreland lighthouse South Foreland Lighthouse is a Victorian-era lighthouse on the South Foreland in St. Margaret's Bay, which was once used to warn ships approaching the nearby Goodwin Sands. Goodwin Sands is a sandbank at the southern end of the North Sea lying off the Deal coast. The area consists of a layer of fine sand approximately deep resting on a chalk platform belonging to the same geological feature that incorporates the White Cliffs of Dover. More than 2,000 ships are believed to have been wrecked on the Goodwin Sands because they lie close to the major shipping lanes through the Straits of Dover.
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Moving Load System – Lithospheric flexure over time Although the degree to which the lithosphere relaxes over time is still controversial, most workers (Allen & Allen 2005, Flemings & Jordan 1989) accept an elastic or visco-elastic rheology to describe the lithospheric deformation of the foreland basin. Allen & Allen (2005) describe a moving load system, one in which the deflection moves as a wave through the foreland plate before the load system. The deflection shape is commonly described as an asymmetrical low close to the load along the foreland and a broader uplifted deflection along the forebulge. The transport rate or flux of erosion, as well as sedimentation, is a function of topographic relief.
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Diefflen is assigned to the foreland of Hunsrück and thus to the Saar-Nahe Hills and the Lorraine-Cuesta, the easternmost limb of the Paris Basin.
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Sabine Island () is an island to the northeast of Wollaston Foreland, previously known as Inner Pendulum Island. It is in the Northeast Greenland National Park area.
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McElroy Glacier is a tributary glacier just west of Matthews Ridge on Tapsell Foreland in Victoria Land. It drains to the south to join nearby Barnett Glacier.
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Bavarian Alps rise from the green hills of the Molasse basin. The hills consist of tilted molasse beds, erosional material transported from the mountains into their foreland.
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In the Foreland Molasse zone the molasse sediments are relatively undisturbed; in the Subalpine Molasse zone the beds are often tilted, folded and thrust over each other.
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On 27 March 1899, Marconi transmitted from Wimereux, Boulogne, France the first international wireless message which was received at the South Foreland Lighthouse near Dover, United Kingdom.
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The foreland of the Western Carpathians in the West and North is composed of the Bohemian Massif and Cracow Plateau. In the Northeast it is formed by the rock of the East European craton. These areas were consolidated earlier than the Carpathians. The Bohemian Massif, which is the youngest part of the foreland, evolved during the Hercynian orogeny about 200 million years before the orogeny in the Carpathians.
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Second, the "early convergence stage defined by deep water conditions", and lastly a "later convergent stage during which a subaerial wedge is flanked with terrestrial or shallow marine foreland basins" (Allen & Allen 2005). The temperature underneath the orogen is much higher and weakens the lithosphere. Thus, the thrust belt is mobile and the foreland basin system becomes deformed over time. Syntectonic unconformities demonstrate simultaneous subsidence and tectonic activity.
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From Amstetten to Sankt Pölten the basin forms a narrow band, just 10 km wide. After that it widens again to the east. North of the Danube River it connects with the Vienna basin, and is thus connected with the Pannonian Basin further east. The region where the molasse crops out is divided into two: the Subalpine Molasse zone along the Alps and the Foreland Molasse zone further into the foreland.
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Frankenstein in the Ore Mountain Foreland The Saxon Uplands,Dickinson, Robert E (1964). Germany: A regional and economic geography (2nd ed.). London: Methuen. . Saxon HillsElkins, T H (1972).
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In the plots, n is the number of analyzed zircon grains. So for foreland basin Amile formation, 74 grains are analyzed. For source area (divided into 3 tectonic level, Tethyan Himalaya, Greater Himalaya and Lesser Himalaya), 962, 409 and 666 grains are analyzed respectively. To correlate hinterland and foreland data, let's see the source area record first, Tethyan sequence have age peak at ~500 Myr, 1000 Myr and 2600 Myr, Greater Himalaya has age peaks at ~1200 Myr and 2500 Myr, and Lesser Himalaya sequence has age peaks at ~1800 Ma and 2600 Ma. By simply comparing the foreland basin record with source area record, we cam see that Amile formation resemble age distribution of Lesser Himalaya.
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The beach at Foreland View of Forelands and the Bembridge ledge from Culver Down, with the mainland in the far distance Foreland or Forelands, and the adjacent Foreland Fields (), is the easternmost point of the Isle of Wight, part of the village of Bembridge. It is located about 6.5 miles due south of the city of Portsmouth on the British mainland, separated by the eastern reaches of the Solent. It is characterised by a pub called the Crab and Lobster Inn and various beach huts plus a beach cafe and a coast guard lookout. In the sea are the reefs of Bembridge Ledge which is rich in edible crabs, lobsters and spider crabs and shoals of mackerel.
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A piggyback basin (also piggy-back, thrust-sheet-top, detached, or satellite basin) is a minor sedimentary basin developed on top of a moving thrust sheet as part of a foreland basin system. Piggyback basins form in the wedge-top depositional zone of a foreland basin system as new thrusts in the foreland cut up through the existing footwall containing the eroded wedge-top basins in the old thrust sheet. The basin is separated from the foredeep by an anticline or syndepositional growth structures. The piggyback basin is named after its tendency to be carried passively toward the hinterland with the old thrust sheet in response to the compressive forces of the new thrust sheet.
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Isfjorden and Kongsfjorden. Eskers from Oscar II Land. In the background is Prince Charles Foreland. Oscar II Land is the land area between Isfjorden and Kongsfjorden on Spitsbergen, Svalbard.
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South Foreland lighthouse was also the site of experiments in radio communication by Marconi from 1898. This coincided with the service of the final member of the Knott lighthouse keepers, Edmond Horton who was keeper from 1899–1902. In March and April 1899, radio transmissions from South Foreland were of great assistance in the distress of at least two vessels on the Goodwin Sands.Gordon Bussey, Marconi Centenaries in 1999, General Electric Company plc, 1999.
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The term is not to be confused with the Bavarian Alps or the Bavarian Alpine Foreland. These terms include the whole of the alpine region (together with parts of the Wetterstein, the Karwendel, etc.) and the whole Alpine Foreland on Bavarian state territory. Except in the Ester Mountains in the extreme west, the summits of the Bavarian Prealps are all below 2000 metres in height and only a few have prominent limestone cliffs.
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Winterton Ness is an area of foreland on the North Norfolk coast of England. Winterton Ness is located to the north of the village of Winterton-on-Sea between in the north to to its south.JNCC website Technically it is a narrow cuspate foreland with a high obtuse angle between its two shorelines. A number of studies appear inconclusive as to the nature if erosion or, conversely, accretion of sediment in the area.
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As well as forming along coastlines, cuspate forelands can also form along lake shores, although less is known about this type of cuspate foreland. This type of cuspate foreland includes Point Pelee along the shoreline of Lake Erie, and those found along the shoreline of Lake Victoria in Australia. There are two theories with regard to the formation of Point Pelee. Firstly, it is thought that Point Pelee has formed from depositional processes.
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The bending of the lithosphere under the orogenic load controls the drainage pattern of the foreland basin. The flexural tilting of the basin and the sediment supply from the orogen.
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Royal Air Force. Retrieved 16 February 2011. On 7 July 1917 a 50 Squadron Armstrong Whitworth F.K.8 shot down a German Gotha bomber off the North Foreland of Kent.
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Summary of four main tectonic phases controlling the petroleum system of the Maracaibo Basin: (A) carbonate platform phase; (B) foreland basin phase; (C) isostatic rebound phase; and (D) Maracaibo syncline phase.
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An alpentor (literally "Alpine gateway", plural alpentore) in geology is the point where an entire glacier forced its way through to the Alpine Foreland from the Alps during the ice age.
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Her tally rose steadily with the demise of the Tasso and the Goodleigh on the same day (2 December 1940). Both ships went to the bottom about west of Bloody Foreland.
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View of Börnecke from the east Börnecke is a village in the borough of Blankenburg (Harz) in the northern Harz Foreland in the central German district of Harz in Saxony-Anhalt.
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The tectonic structure of the Majella is similar to many broad foreland anticlines in various hydrocarbon provinces, both in size, dimension and structural characteristics (few tens of kilometres long and wide).
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The Austberg lies immediately north of the Harz Mountains in the northern Harz Foreland within the Harz/Saxony-Anhalt Nature Park. It rises northwest of the village of Benzingerode in the borough of Wernigerode. To the north the land descends to the actual Harz Foreland, to the south rises the Harz. A tributary of the Holtemme, the Hellbach, flows past it to the east; and on the far side of the stream is the Struvenberg hill.
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View of the Venn Foreland near Kornelimünster. On the horizon: Walheim The Venn Foreland () is a region of the North Eifel on the northwestern edge of the High Fens and in its transition zone with the Jülich-Zülpich Börde. Also part of the region are the areas around the city of Aachen and town of Stolberg as well as parts of Eschweiler. It is a heavily built-up area and includes the largest part of the Aachen Municipal Region.
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The Palmyra fold belt forms fold mountains found mostly in Syria. The mountains are formed due to thrusting together of Aleppo plateau in the north and Rubtah uplift in the south. This is according to the modern theory of plate tectonics. Similar view of the feature from the geosyncline theory can be taken where Palmyra can be viewed as Median mass between the two forelands of Aleppo foreland in the north and Rubtah foreland in the south.
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In the case of a cuspate foreland, the prevailing wind and a powerful secondary wind in the opposite direction move shingle down the coastline from both directions to a place where the coastline changes, causing a foreland to develop. The majority of cuspate forelands are formed over a coastline that juts out into the sea at enough of an angle to allow the drifting beach material to 'spill over' as a result of long shore drift in both directions.
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A cuspate foreland can form in the lee of an island. In this case, oncoming waves are diffracted around the island, protecting the coastline from the oncoming wave fronts. Sediments brought along the shoreline via longshore drift are then able to settle and accumulate in the lee of the island where there is less wave energy. This type of foreland has formed on the west shore of the North Island of New Zealand, in the lee of Kapiti Island.
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This foreland is particularly vulnerable to erosion when high lake levels are combined with spring and autumn cyclonic activity. Erosion can also occur as spring storms cause ice to scour the lake bottom at the edge of the foreland. Because there is uncertainty about its formation, there is uncertainty with regard to management, although Parks Canada realises the importance of including Point Pelee National Park in management plans.Parks Canada, Point Pelee National Park of Canada, Parks Canada, 2010.
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An example of this type of cuspate foreland is the one found at Dungeness along the southern coast of Britain.Davis, R. A., and FitzGerald, D., 2004. Beaches and Coasts. Blackwell Publishing: Australia.
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The ahvaz oil field is made up of three main subsurface structures, known as the Asemari, Bangestan, and Khami formations. The asmari formation deposited in the zagros foreland basin, during the Oligocene‐Miocene.
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The glauconitic siltstone has resulted from a high level flooding event in the Bambuí Basin. The sedimentary provenance is from supracrustal felsic elements on continental margin environment with acid magmatic arc (foreland basin).
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From the Kuckholzklippe observation tower there is an impressive view over the mountains to the Harz Foreland. In the nearby refuge hut is a checkpoint (no. 139) on the Harzer Wandernadel hiking network.
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North Foreland Lodge was an independent boarding school for girls in England, originally established at North Foreland in Kent. Displaced from there by the Second World War, in 1947 it settled at Sherfield Manor in Sherfield on Loddon, Hampshire, until its closure in 2003 shortly after being acquired by another school, Gordonstoun. In 2004 Gordonstoun sold the school site to a group of schools called Gems Education, which converted it into a new mixed- sex independent school called Sherfield School.
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The Kishorn Thrust extends from the Achnashellach Culmination, just north of Loch Carron, where it is truncated by the Strathcarron Fault. It continues southwestwards to Loch Kishorn, becoming the basal thrust. On the Isle of Skye, the Kishorn Thrust also marks the base of the Moine Thrust Belt bringing mainly Torridonian sandstones over foreland Cambrian-Ordovician limestones and quartzites. Locally on the Sleat peninsula the Kishorn thrust sheet is eroded to form the Ord window in which the foreland rocks once more appear.
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According to Garciacaro et al., the foreland basin was created by flexural subsidence at the passive margin of the colliding regions of the Caribbean and South American plates. The collision created loading of thrusts and folds which led to subsidence in the basin and contributed to the complex faulted and thrusted nature of the foreland basin formed. The Orinoco River delta has been the major source of siliciclastic sediments for the basin, with deposition within the basin beginning in the early Miocene.
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George Knott was the fourth in the succession. After serving under his father at the South Foreland low lighthouse, he was transferred in 1861 to the Smeaton tower on the Eddystone where he remained for five years as Principal Keeper. From there he moved to the little-known Bideford lighthouse where he remained until 1879 when he became Principal keeper of the newly opened Bull Point lighthouse. The final appointment of his career was at North Foreland, from where he retired.
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The Chon-Kemin valley was glaciated up to its inflow into the Chu valley. From the west-elongation of the Kungey Alatau—that is the Kirgizskiy Alatau range (42°25′N/74–75°E)—the glacial glaciers flowed down as far as into the mountain foreland down to 900 m asl (close to the town Bishkek). Among others the Ak- Sai valley glacier has developed there a mountain foreland glacier. Altogether the glacial Tian Shan glaciation occupied an area of c. .
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Alaskan North Slope, Foreland Basin The Alaskan North Slope (ANS) is a foreland basin located on the northern edge of the Brooks Range. The Alaskan North Slope is bounded on the north by the Beaufort Sea and runs from the Canadian border to the maritime boundary with Russia in the west. The western edge extends into the Chukchi Sea and Chukchi platform where the basin is at its widest. As the basin moves east it narrows towards the Canadian border.
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The South Foreland trial began in December 1858 and continued until early 1860; afterwards Holmes's equipment was installed on a more permanent basis in Dungeness Lighthouse, in 1862. (Meanwhile, at South Foreland that year, experimental use was being made of a Drummond light at the high lighthouse; however, 'the results were not satisfactory' with regard to its potential for lighthouse illumination.) Map showing the power station positioned between the two lighthouses In 1871 Souter Lighthouse became the first to be designed and built for electric operation, and the following year South Foreland received its own permanent electric installation. A power station was built, mid-way between the two lighthouses, containing four magneto generators driven by a pair of steam engines with coke-fuelled boilers. The building also included additional accommodation for the attendants.
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The Austberg, also called the Augsberg or Augstberg, is a low hill, , in the northern Harz Foreland near the village of Benzingerode in the district of Harz in the German state of Saxony-Anhalt.
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The Prealps East of the Mur () are the easternmost mountain range of the Central Eastern Alps. They comprise the eastern foothills of the Alpine crest beyond the Mur river and the adjacent southeastern Alpine Foreland .
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To the south the Southern Alpine Foreland (D66 on the map) borders on the Iller-Lech Plateau. The boundary between these two natural regions is partly formed by the terminal moraines of the Würm glaciation.
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The motion of the adjacent plates of the foreland basin can be determined by studying the active deformation zone with which it is connected. Today GPS measurements provide the rate at which one plate is moving relative to another. It is also important to consider that present day kinematics are unlikely to be the same as when deformation began. Thus, it is crucial to consider non-GPS models to determine the long-term evolution of continental collisions and in how it helped develop the adjacent foreland basins.
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South Foreland Lower Lighthouse in 2012 In 1832 the Corporation of Trinity House purchased the lease for the South Foreland lights from Greenwich Hospital. Ten years later the Upper Lighthouse was heightened and refurbished with a multi-wick oil lamp and a first-order fixed dioptric optic, manufactured by Henry-Lepaute of Paris. Then, the Lower Lighthouse was entirely rebuilt, in 1846, and provided with a fixed array of fifteen Argand lamps and reflectors. The architect and engineer for both these projects was James Walker.
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Hoppenstedt is a village in the municipality of Osterwieck in the northern Harz Foreland, Germany. The town Osterwieck lies about 4.5 kilometres to the southeast and the Lower Saxon state border is about 3 kilometres away.
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Psychroglaciecola arctica is a Gram-negative, facultatively methylotrophic, aerobic and motile bacterium from the genus of Psychroglaciecola with a single polar flagellum which has been isolated from soil from glacial foreland near Ny-Ålesund in Norway.
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From the Butterberg the Harz Foreland and ridges of the Harz Mountains may be seen. The view of Ilsenburg is almost completely obscured by the nearby copse of Eichholz. There is, however, a view of Drübeck.
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The Königstein is a 189 m high hill in the northern Harz Foreland in the German state of Saxony-Anhalt. It is also known as the Kamelfelsen ("Camel Rocks") due to its unusually shaped sandstone rock formation.
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The Canadian Rocky Mountain foreland thrust and fold belt is a northeastward tapering deformational belt consisting of Mesoproterozoic, Paleozoic, and Mesozoic strata. The Lewis thrust sheet is one of the major structures of the foreland thrust and fold belt extending over from Mount Kidd near Calgary, AB in the Southeast Canadian Cordillera to Steamboat Mountain, located west of Great Falls, Northwest Montana in the United States. The Lewis overthrust provides scientific insight into geologic processes happening in other parts of the world, like the Andes and the Himalaya Mountains.
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During the period when sedimentation of the Beaufort Group rocks took place, the Ecca sea had retreated to the northeastern Karoo Basin. All sediment deposition at this time took place in a terrestrial, although in a predominantly fluvial or alluvial environment that was seasonally arid. This environment covered a vast area and deposition was influenced by a retroarc foreland basin. This foreland system was caused by crustal uplift (orogenesis) that had previously begun to take course due to the subduction of the Palaeo-pacific plate beneath the Gondwanan Plate.
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Geologic research in Bhutan began in the southwest between 1868 and 1907, followed by regional mapping in 1961 by the Geological Survey of India. A. Gansser led much of the geologic research from the late 1960s through the 1980s. Some of the oldest rocks in Bhutan are part of the Indian Shield in the Shillong Basement—part of a foreland basin. The Bhutanese foothills are separated from Precambrian crystalline rock by the 35 kilometer foreland, where rocks are fold and faulted newer tectonic events and covered in Quaternary sediments.
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Edward VIII Bay is a bay about in extent, located between Edward VIII Plateau (a dome-shaped, ice-covered peninsula near Magnet Bay) and the Øygarden Group of islands in Antarctica. The head of the bay is occupied by the Edward VIII Ice Shelf. The bay was discovered in 1936 by Discovery Investigations personnel on the RRS William Scoresby, and named for Edward VIII, then King of the United Kingdom. Kvarsnes Foreland is a prominent, rocky foreland projecting into the south side of Edward VIII Bay close west of the Øygarden Group.
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Orford Ness is a cuspate foreland shingle spit on the Suffolk coast in Great Britain, linked to the mainland at Aldeburgh and stretching along the coast to Orford and down to North Weir Point, opposite Shingle Street. It is divided from the mainland by the River Alde, and was formed by longshore drift along the coast. The material of the spit comes from places further north, such as Dunwich. Near the middle point of its length, at the foreland point or 'Ness', once stood Orfordness Lighthouse, demolished in summer 2020 due to the encroaching sea.
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In the north the Gilserberg Heights transition directly into the clearly much higher Kellerwald with its prominent hills, the Jeust and the Wüstegarten; to the northeast into the Löwenstein Bottom, which is part of the Ostwaldecker Randsenken. Separated by the Wohra the ridge is adjoined in the northwest by the Burgwald at the Gilserberg Heights. In the southwest the Ohm and the flat Amöneburg Basin follows by the Neustadt Saddle and the Northern Vogelsberg Foreland. The Vogelsberg Foreland goes in the extreme southwest – again with the Ohm as its boundary – into the Lumda Plateau.
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Instead thrust faults generally cause a thickening of the stratigraphic section. When thrusts are developed in orogens formed in previously rifted margins, inversion of the buried paleo-rifts can induce the nucleation of thrust ramps. Foreland basin thrusts also usually observe the ramp-flat geometry, with thrusts propagating within units at a very low angle "flats" (at 1–5 degrees) and then moving up- section in steeper ramps (at 5–20 degrees) where they offset stratigraphic units. Thrusts have also been detected in cratonic settings, where "far- foreland" deformation has advanced into intracontinental areas.
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Goodlad is next mentioned in Edward Pellham's God's Power and Providence (1631), an account of the first successful (albeit unplanned) wintering in Spitsbergen in 1630–31. Pellham, in the ship Salutation, was "appointed by the order of our Captaine, Captaine William Goodler [sic], to stay at the Foreland, the fifteen of July".White (1855), p. 258. They were ordered away from the Foreland early in August, as the "captaine [had] made a great voyage at Bell Sownd", and needed them to take on some of the surplus oil.
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A geologic map is the product of field mapping work, and cross sections can be constructed by interpreting a geologic map. However, a lot of assumptions are made during this process, so the hinterland structural settings are always assumptions. And these assumptions can affect interpretation of detrital record. Here is an example, the right figure shows a classic thrust belt and foreland basin system, the thrust fault carries overlying rocks to the surface and rocks of various lithology are eroded and transported to deposit at the foreland basin.
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The Lhasa terrane moved northward and collided with the Qiangtang terrane along the Bangong-Nujiang suture towards the end of the late Jurassic (). Collision activity continued until the early Late Cretaceous () Ma. The collision caused a peripheral foreland basin to form in the north part of the Lhasa terrane, which persisted into the Early Cretaceous. In some parts of the foreland basin, the north-dipping subduction of the Neotethyan oceanic crust below the Lhasa terrane caused volcanism. The Gangdese volcanic arc was formed as this subduction continued along the southern margin of the Lhasa terrane.
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Much of the contribution of the Knott family to lighthouse keeping was made at South Foreland Lighthouse where members oversaw many changes in lighting technology from coal fires to electricity. Two fixed white lights were exhibited as a 'high' and a 'low' light from the South Foreland from 1634. These were simple coal fires until 1793, during the time of William's service from 1730 and Henry's from 1777. In 1793, 53 cm (21-inch) diameter parabolic reflectors were used to concentrate and direct the light from burning sperm oil.
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Kinburn map Kinburn sandbar Kinburn sandbar Kínburn Foreland or Kinburn Spit - a spit in Ochakiv Raion (district) of Mykolaiv Oblast at the Black Sea in Ukraine. It occupies the western part of the Kinburn Peninsula, being its natural extension stretching west into the Black Sea between the Dnieper-Buh estuary and the Bay of Yahorlyk. Its length is about 40 km, width - 8–10 km. In southern Ukraine, the Kinburn Foreland is often mistaken for being the entirety of the Kinburn Peninsula, of which it appears to be a part.
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Although the Straight Cliffs Fm was deposited in an ancient basin it is preserved in a modern physiographic plateau. The Kaiparowits Plateau covers 3,600 km2 and preserves strata located roughly 120 km east of the leading edge of the thrust front at the time of deposition.Shanley, K. W., and McCabe, P. J., 1995, Sequence stratigraphy of Turonian-Santonian strata, Kaiparowits Plateau, southern Utah, USA: Implications for regional correlation and foreland basin evolution, in Van Wagoner, J. C., and Bertram, G. T., eds., Sequence Stratigraphy of Foreland Basin Deposits, Volume AAPG Memoir 64.
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The second lighthouse, South Foreland Lower Lighthouse was built at the same time further down the cliff, to the east, where it still stands; decommissioned in 1904, it is now in private ownership. Prior to the current buildings there had been a pair of lighthouses at South Foreland since at least the 1630s. Even after the decommissioning of the Lower Lighthouse the pair continued to be used as leading marks, with Admiralty charts into the 20th century indicating that the 'Lighthouses in line lead south of the Goodwin Sands'.
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Once formed, cuspate forelands can remain where they are and continue to develop as sediment accumulates, or alternatively they may migrate down the coast as one side of the foreland erodes and the other side accretes. Cuspate Forelands that move are typical of those that are formed on open coastlines. The direction of migration is often indicated by a series of successive beach ridges on the advancing side of the foreland where there is less wave energy. The movement of cuspate forelands is commonly explained by longshore drift acting as the main process.
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After the formation of the cuspate foreland into its distinctive triangular shape, it will start to be colonised by pioneer species that are hardy and tough enough to survive in the environment. These pioneer species secure the cuspate foreland and allow a greater amount of sediment to further secure it. Colonization and succession of vegetation is dependent on a number of factors. Firstly, if the shingle is too coarse, the amount of fine sediment that can remain between the spaces is reduced, and the likelihood that seeds will germinate and grow upwards is low.
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Peloidal phosphorite from the Phosphoria Formation, Simplot Mine, Idaho. 4.6 cm wide. The Phosphoria Formation was deposited under marine conditions in a foreland basin located between the Paleozoic continental margin and the North American cratonic shelf.Maughan, E.K. 1984.
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The Ahlsburg is a range of bunter sandstone hills, relatively small in area and up to , in the southern part of Lower Saxony, Germany. It lies within the Solling foreland and is part of the Weser-Leine Uplands.
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St Margaret's Bay Windmill is a Grade II listed Smock mill on South Foreland, the southeasternmost point of England. It was built in 1929 to generate electricity for the attached house, high on the White Cliffs of Dover.
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From the Austberg Tower the view ranges over Benzingerode, the Harz, the Harz Foreland, the Struvenberg and Wernigerode. A 7 kilometre long, signed, circular walk runs around the hill through interesting vegetation. The hill is largely formed of muschelkalk.
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The Elfenstein rocks, which may be climbed by means of steps, are no. 120 in the system of checkpoints in the Harzer Wandernadel hiking network. From the top there are views of Bad Harzburg and the northern Harz Foreland.
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Trenhaile, A. S., 2000. Point Pelee: a large cuspate foreland on Lake Erie. Canadian Geographer, 44(2), pp. 191–195. Alternatively, it is suggested that Point Pelee is a relic of a past feature that has eroded over time.
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North Foreland Lighthouse by George Jackson, ca. 1839–1844 In 1832 Trinity House purchased the North and South Foreland lighthouses from Greenwich Hospital and two years later the lenses were removed. In 1860 under the supervision of engineer Henry Norris a new multi-wick oil burner was installed together with a large (first-order) fixed catadioptric optic manufactured by Sautter & Co. of Paris, replacing the previous catoptric apparatus of 18 Argand lamps & reflectors. At the same time the two keepers cottages added. These works coincided with the successful experiments carried out in 1857–60 at the South Foreland lighthouse by Professor Frederick Hale Holmes with an alternating current electric arc light which were the subject of a lecture by Michael Faraday at the Royal Institution and paved the way for the construction a decade later of the world's first lighthouse designed for such a light, Souter Lighthouse.
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He, D., & Li, J. (2009). Drainage network development and fold growth of Quilitage structural belt in the Kuqa foreland fold and thrust belt. Dizhixue Bao= Acta Geologica Sinica, 83(8), 1074–1082.Keller, E. A., Gurrola, L., & Tierney, T. E. (1999).
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The Stapenberg lies on the northern edge of the Harz within the Harz/Saxony-Anhalt Nature Park. It rises southwest of the village of Benzingerode in the borough of Wernigerode. To the north the country descends into the northern Harz Foreland.
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Villamontes is the administrative center of Villamontes Municipio and situated at 388 m above sea level, on the left bank of Río Pilcomayo where the river crosses the Sierra del Aguarague mountain range and flows southeast into the Chaco-Foreland.
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Hanessian Foreland () is a relatively low, snow-covered foreland or peninsula, over long and wide, on the coast of Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica. It extends seaward between Siniff Bay and the western end of the Getz Ice Shelf. It was mapped by the United States Geological Survey from surveys and U.S. Navy aerial photography, 1959–65, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names after John Hanessian, Jr. (1925–74), of George Washington University, Washington, D.C., a noted authority on political science and international affairs. At the time of his death he was on leave to the National Science Foundation.
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The path follows the coast around the eastern tip of the Island at Foreland, then skirts the cliffs above Whitecliff Bay. This part is subject to regular erosion; as of 2012 a section at Foreland is closed (walkers may prefer to divert and walk through Bembridge village). From Whitecliff Bay and its caravan park the path climbs steadily to Culver Down and the Yarborough Monument, with impressive views across Sandown Bay and across the Solent to Portsmouth. Dropping fairly steeply away from Culver Down, the path meets the beach again at Yaverland, then passes the Isle of Wight Zoo and enters Sandown.
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Map of Spitsbergen archipelago (now named Svalbard), showing the islands Prince Charles Foreland, Barentsøya and Edgeøya During his Spitsbergen visits with Prince Albert in 1898 and 1899, Bruce had detected the presence of coal, gypsum and possibly oil. In the summers of 1906 and 1907 he again accompanied the Prince to the archipelago, with the primary purpose of surveying and mapping Prince Charles Foreland, an island unvisited during the earlier voyages. Here Bruce found further deposits of coal, and indications of iron. On the basis of these finds, Bruce set up a mineral prospecting company, the Scottish Spitsbergen Syndicate, in July 1909.
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The Himalayan foreland basin has been divided on the basis of modern drainage divides, and subsurface topography. Subdivisions based on drainage divides are most commonly used, with the Indus Basin reflecting the drainage area of the Indus River, and the Ganga Basin representing the drainage area of the Ganges River. The basin overlies a series of Indian Plate depressions and ridges, that have also been used to subdivide the foreland basin. The rock units that make up the Indian plate vary dramatically along the length of the basin, changing from Proterozoic Mobile Belt rocks, to Archean Craton, and Proterozoic Vindhyan Supergroup sedimentary rocks.
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Strata from the Lower Jurassic in the Bangong suture between the Lhasa and Qiangtang terranes differ from the rocks in the Lhasa terrane and appear to have a unique source. The collision with the Qiangtang terrane caused a peripheral foreland basin to form in the north part of the Lhasa terrane, which persisted into the Early Cretaceous. In some parts of the foreland basin the north-dipping subduction of the Neotethyan oceanic crust below the Lhasa terrane caused volcanism. The Gangdese volcanic arc was formed as this subduction continued along the southern margin of the Lhasa terrane.
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It is a foreland basin which consists of the sediments brought down from the northern part of Nepal. It is the Nepalese extension of the Indo-Gangetic Plains, which covers most of northern and eastern India, the most populous parts of Pakistan, and virtually all of Bangladesh. The Plains get their names from the rivers Ganges and Indus. The vast alluvial plains of the Indo-Gangetic Basin evolved as a foreland basin in the southern part of the rising Himalaya, before breaking up along a series of steep faults known as the Himalayan Frontal Fault or the Main Frontal Thrust .
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There are five morphogeological belts that define the geology of British Columbia from east to west: the Foreland, Omineca, Intermontane, Coast and Insular Belt. Each has a separate geology, including different metamorphic, physiographic, metallogenic and tectonic histories. The Foreland Belt is composed of weakly metamorphosed sedimentary rocks which are 1.4 billion to 33 million years old, and the belt represents a rift sequence followed by a passive margin that was turned into a retro arc fold and thrust belt with synorogenic sedimentation. The region is very rugged except in the northeast of the province where the earth flattens out to a wide plain.
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However, there have been observed cases where two cuspate forelands on the same shoreline have migrated in opposite directions, showing that longshore drift does not always provide a sufficient explanation for their migration. If there is an offshore sandbank present, the position of the cuspate foreland is usually related to its position. If there is a change in the position of the sandbank, the position of the cuspate foreland typically follows. Not only does the sandbank act like an island since it causes waves to refract around it, but it also provides a source of sediment.
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View from dyke of Elbe estuary and dyke foreland with grassy beach in Otterndorf Cuxland, in a tourist sense, is the land between the River Weser and the mouth of the Elbe in the district of Cuxhaven on Germany's North Sea coast.
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'School news' in The Times (London), issue 67427 dated 17 April 2002, p. 33 However, a year after Gordonstoun had bought North Foreland Lodge for a figure reported to be £1 million, the school was closed, leading to allegations of asset stripping.
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Outline of Geology for South African Students, Central News Agency Ltd., Johannesburg. record an almost continuous sequence of marine glacial to terrestrial deposition from the Late Carboniferous to the Early Jurassic. These accumulated in a retroarc foreland basin called the "main Karoo" Basin.
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The Admiralty investigation into the sinking wrongly concluded that the ship had been sabotaged. The boat also sank Scottish Minstrel north-west of the Bloody Foreland (on the Irish mainland), on the 16th. U-61 returned to Kiel, arriving on the 25th.
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The numerous lakes include Lake Constance, Lake Starnberg and Chiemsee. The largest cities of the region are Munich, located in the centre of the Alpine Foreland on the River Isar, and Augsburg, located in the very centre of Southern Germany on river Lech.
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From its observation platform at treetop level there are views of Bad Suderode, Gernrode and Ballenstedt, the Harz Foreland and Quedlinburg and Halberstadt behind it and of the Brocken, 36 km away. A toposcope on the platform acts as an aid to orientation.
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Dad's Army - The Making of a Television Legend by Bill Pertwee, Foreland Films, 1989. . Republished by Pavilion Books, 1997. . Dad's Army - A Celebration by Richard Webber with Jimmy Perry and David Croft, Virgin Books, 1997. . Dad's Army Song Book, Wise Publications, 1995. .
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This gradient was necessary to climb the Ore Mountain Foreland (Erzgebirgsvorland). After Edle Krone station, the line runs through a 122-metre-long tunnel. In Klingenberg Colmnitz, the line reaches 435 m above sea level, a rise of 228 metres in 11.6 kilometres.
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From the summit there is a panoramic view of the mountains and valleys of the Harz as far as its highest peak, the Brocken, and far over the northern Harz Foreland. The Ottofels is checkpoint no. 27 in the Harzer Wandernadel hiking network.
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The sediments within the West Foreland Formation are mainly derived from eroded Mesozoic and early Tertiary Rocks. They were deposited by streams and currents carry sediments in a shallow estuarine environment. Additionally, there are interbedded layers of siltsone, sandstone, conglomerates and coal beds.
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In 1969 the light became fully automated and the keepers' cottages (being no longer required) were sold. In the mid-1980s it was decided that modern navigational aids had rendered the South Foreland light obsolete. It was decommissioned on 30 September 1988.
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Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists Field Trip Guidebook, August 1983, 55 p.Nadon, G. 1988. Tectonic controls on sedimentation within a foreland basin: the Bearpaw, Blood Reserve and St. Mary River Formations, southwestern Alberta. Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists Field Trip Guidebook, September 1988, 84 p.
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In 1873 Quang Se was sold to William Houston. On 25 May 1874 she was grounded at South Foreland (near Kent). After inspection a few plates had to be refitted. W. Houston was noted as owner, but J.A. Steel was later added with another pen.
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She also sank Filleigh and Karmt, both on 18 April and both about east southeast of North Foreland in Kent. The boat surrendered at Bergen on 9 May 1945 and was transferred to Loch Ryan for Operation Deadlight. She was sunk on 7 December.
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The community Hainewalde is approximatively 10 km apart from Zittau in the foreland of the Lusatian Mountains. The federal highway 96 passes Hainewalde in the north, the Czech border is approximatively 15 km west of it. The railroad Zittau- Varnsdorf has a station in Hainewalde.
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View of the Bavarian Alpine Foreland with a south föhn. Taken about east of Regensburg with visibility of around . The Danube valley forms a natural boundary for the Alpine föhn. The Alpine föhn () is the name given to the föhn wind in the Alpine region.
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He got the reply "Yes, and what is that to the westward? We have not room to boast yet." At 6:00 am, both ships were under way, heading for South Foreland. Despite Taeping resorting to setting some stunsails, Ariel was about a mile ahead.
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The optimum pH is 6.0-7.0, and can grow in pH 4.0-8.0.Qiu X, Qu Z, Jiang F, Lin Y, Zhang Y, Chang X, Da X, Deng S, Kim M, Fang C, Peng F. Roseomonas arctica sp. nov., isolated from arctic glacial foreland soil.
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Qiu X, Qu Z, Jiang F, Lin Y, Zhang Y, Chang X, Da X, Deng S, Kim M, Fang C, Peng F. Roseomonas arctica sp. nov., isolated from arctic glacial foreland soil. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 2016 Mar 1;66(3):1218-23.
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Tapsell Foreland () is a broad, mostly snow-covered foreland jutting into the sea between Yule Bay and Smith Inlet, northern Victoria Land. Much of the central portion of this feature rises above 800 m The name Tapsell, applied by New Zealand Antarctic Place-Names Committee (NZ-APC) in 1969, is the surname of the Master of the barque Brisk, one of the whaling vessels based on Enderby Settlement at Port Ross, Auckland Islands, 1849–52. In an exploratory voyage in February 1850, Tapsell sailed south to the Belleny Islands and then west along the parallel of 67S as far as 143E. Despite the high latitude, no land was sighted.
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Thrust of the Carpathians on their foreland caused a flexure of the lower continental plate under the frontal part of the nappes. This flexured area, called the Carpathian Foredeep, was filled by thick formations of molasse, prevailingly marls, sandstones and conglomerates that were formed in the Oligocene to Miocene periods by erosion of the growing Carpathians. Nevertheless, the foredeep is not generally folded; flysch nappes thrusted from the south partially folded the rock underneath. The whole zone of the foredeep is developed in the foreland of the Alps, and runs through the Moravia to the Ostrava Basin and further East to Poland, Ukraine, and Romania.
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Molise and Apulia lie above a series of thrust sheets that were emplaced northeastwards on top of the foreland of the Adriatic Plate due to continental collision during the Neogene. In the southern part of the Apennines, the thrusting is no longer active, but it continues in northern Italy along the southern margin of the Po Plain. The foreland to the east is characterised by zones of active west–east trending dextral (right-lateral) strike-slip faulting. The best described of these zones is the Mattinata Fault, which has a clear topographic expression on the south side of the Gargano Peninsula and has been traced offshore into the Adriatic Sea.
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Barnacle geese at the nature reserve The Dithmarscher Eiderwatt, officially the Dithmarscher Eidervorland mit Watt ("Dittmarschen Eider Foreland and Watt"), is a nature reserve in the districts of Dithmarschen and Nordfriesland in the north German state of Schleswig-Holstein. The site has an area of which consists of the mudflats on the tidal current of the river Eider. The nature reserve is mainly located on the Dithmarschen side of the Eider foreland, from the Eider Barrage to the Eider bridge on the B 5 federal highway near Tönning. It lies within the municipal boundaries of the villages of Wesselburenerkoog and Karolinenkoog, and partly in Tönning (Nordfriesland).
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The Knott family of lighthouse keepers is credited with the longest period of continuous service in the history of manned lighthouses, commencing in 1730D Alan Stevenson, "The World's Lighthouses Before 1820", Oxford University Press, 1959, p103 at South Foreland, Kent, with William KnottStevenson reports that it was Henry who started at South Foreland. However, parish records show that it was William. and ending in 1906 at Skerries (Anglesey, Wales) with Henry Thomas Knott (son of George Knott – see below) who died in 1910 having retired to Crewe. There are three famous lighthouse-keeping families in England, the other two being the Darling (see: Grace Darling) and the Hall families.
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Trilling Islands () is a three islands at the south side of Skarvsnes Foreland, lying in Trilling Bay in the east part of Lutzow-Holm Bay. Mapped by Norwegian cartographers from air photos taken by the Lars Christensen Expedition, 1936–37, and named Trillingoyane (the triplet islands).
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Stretching of the continental crust of the New England Orogen in the Permian period formed the Bowen-Gunnedah-Sydney Basin System. This was a foreland basin from Permian into the Triassic. Granites from this time also intruded. From middle to Late Triassic an ocean arc collided.
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Parikian was born in London, the eldest daughter of George Carbutt, a chartered accountant. She grew up in Chelsea and was educated at Francis Holland School for Girls and North Foreland Lodge. After World War II, she studied cello and piano at the Royal College of Music.
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The route runs from Dresden to the southwest through the Ore Mountain Foreland (Erzgebirgsvorland), running from Dresden to Zwickau parallel with the Ore Mountains. Between Plauen and Hof it passes through the Vogtland. The route then cuts through the Fichtelgebirge range, the Franconian Jura and Franconian Switzerland.
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Van Vuuren, C.J. and Cole, D.I., 1979. The stratigraphy and depositional environments of the Ecca Group in the northern part of the Karoo Basin. Geological Society of South Africa Special Publication, 6, pp.103-111. The Ecca Group was deposited in a vast retroarc foreland basin.
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Bachmann Branchline are producing an OO scale model of the class in two variations. 31-920 H2 Class Atlantic 4-4-2 No. 2421 South Foreland in Southern Railway olive green livery; and 31-921 No. 32424 Beachy Head in BR black livery with early emblem.
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The sinkings stopped only after Viscount and the Royal Canadian Navy destroyer conducted 13 depth-charge attacks on asdic contacts over the course of four hours on 2 December, keeping the submarines submerged and unable to attack until HX 90 had left the area. On 2 December, Viscount rescued survivors from some of HX 90s lost ships, picking up some of the 21 survivors from the armed merchant cruiser , which the had torpedoed and sunk west of Ireland at with the loss of 172 lives; 16 survivors of the British merchant ship Kavak, which the had torpedoed and sunk during the night of 1–2 December about west of Bloody Foreland at ; 36 survivors of the British merchant ship Goodleigh, which the had torpedoed and sunk on 2 December west of Bloody Foreland at ; and 27 survivors of the Ellerman Lines cargo ship , which U-52 had torpedoed and sunk on 2 December about west of Bloody Foreland at . Viscount then escorted HX 90 the rest of the way to Liverpool, where it arrived on 5 December 1940.
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Extensional geological settings like the foreland basin and rift basin settings are found, Zigui Basin and Danyang Basin, which are the two sedimentary basins lying on the western and eastern flank of Huangling dome, were formed during Late Triassic and Jurassic. It shows there were crustal extension during Mesozoic.
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During the Caledonian orogeny, Finland was likely a sunken foreland basin covered by sediments; subsequent uplift and erosion would have eroded all of these sediments.Murrell, G.R.; Andriessen, P.A.M. (2004). "Unravelling a long-term multi-event thermal record in the cratonic interior of southern Finland through apatite fission track thermochronology".
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The CDP is in a low-lying region covered by several lakes, including Stormy Lake, Suneva Lake, Daniels Lake, Timberlost Lake, Island Lake, Foreland Lake, Bernice Lake, and Cabin Lake. The only road access is via the Kenai Spur Highway, which leads south to the city of Kenai.
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North Foreland Lighthouse was the UK's last-manned lighthouse until 1998. Portland cement was developed in Northfleet, Kent, by William Aspdin, son of Joseph Aspdin. The development was to heat the ingredients to around 1450C, producing clinker. Previously, temperatures were taken to only 800C, which was not enough.
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Apfeldorf lies in the middle of the towns of Landsberg am Lech, Schongau and Weilheim, about 40 km north of the northern edge of the Alps, at an altitude of about 660 m ASL. The river Lech flows through the village. Apfeldorf is situated in the Northern Alpine Foreland.
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Subsidence is increased in the adjacent basin as the load migrates further into the foreland, causing subsidence. Sediment eroded fromm the fold thrust is deposited in the basin, with thickening layers toward the thrust belt and thinning layers away from the thrust belt; this feature is called differential subsidence.
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She took part in operations in the Black Sea in 1854. On 16 April 1855, Austerlitz ran aground at South Foreland, Kent, United Kingdom in foggy weather. She was refloated the next day. From 1871, she was used as a prison hulk of prisoners of the Paris Commune.
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A cuspate foreland in Chicago, stabilised by vegetation Cuspate forelands, also known as cuspate barriers or nesses in Britain, are geographical features found on coastlines and lakeshores that are created primarily by longshore drift.Craig-Smith, S. J., Cuspate Forelands. In: M. L. Schwartz, ed. 2005. Encyclopedia of Coastal Science.
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The Alpine Foreland has been shaped under the influence of the ice ages and has a rich variety of landforms. A molasse basin of extensive Tertiary and Quaternary sediments —silt and clay, sand and sedimentary rocks from Alpine erosion— overlay the Alpine nappes. Features such as the morainic hills, gravel sandar and lakes have left a record of various glaciation stages in this region. The Alpine Foreland is crossed by the rivers Iller, Wertach, Lech, Isar and Inn, its western boundary roughly being formed by the border of the Bavarian administrative district of Swabia with the State of Baden-Württemberg, and its eastern boundary being the Salzach river on the border with Austria.
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In the mid-late Triassic, the Shan-Thai block collided with the Indo-China block, and under-thrusted an ophiolite and associated arc system in the northeast. A foreland thrust belt developed along the collision of the two blocks and laid the foundation of the Shan Plateau. A thick flysch unit with fossils and deltaic sediments were deposited along the northeastern Shan-Thai block (now Shan Plateau) with the closing of a shallow sea region between the two blocks prior to collision. Large-scale intrusion of granitoid plutons and batholiths were induced by oceanic subduction; and partial melting of metasedimentary rocks within the foreland thrust belt led to tin-tungsten mineralization (the Central Tin Belt).
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For example, U-Pb zircon ages are generally considered to reflect the time of zircon crystallization at about 750° Celsius and zircon is resistant to physical abrasion and chemical weathering. So zircon grains can survive from multiple cycles of reworking. This means if the zircon grain is reworked (re-eroded) from a foreland basin (not from original mountain belt source area) it will lose information of reworking (detrital record will not indicate the foreland basin as a source area but will indicate the earlier mountain belt as a source area). To avoid this problem, samples can be collected close to the mountain front, upstream from which there is no significant sediment storage.
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Strength envelopes indicate that the rheological structure of the lithosphere underneath the foreland and the orogen are very different. The foreland basin typically shows a thermal and rheological structure similar to a rifted continental margin with three brittle layers above three ductile layers. The temperature underneath the orogen is much higher and thus greatly weakens the lithosphere. According to Zhou et al. (2003), “under compressional stress the lithosphere beneath the mountain range becomes ductile almost entirely, except a thin (about 6 km in the center) brittle layer near the surface and perhaps a thin brittle layer in the uppermost mantle.” This lithospheric weakening underneath the orogenic belt may in part cause the regional lithospheric flexure behavior.
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Dates and locations of prehistoric Swiss cultures The Cortaillod culture is one of several archaeologically defined cultures belonging to the Neolithic period of Switzerland. The Cortaillod Culture in the west of the region is contemporary with the Pfyn Culture in the east and dates from between 3900-3500 BC. The Classic Cortaillod Culture of the western Alpine foreland and the Early Cortaillod Culture of central Switzerland pre-date this at 4300-3900 BC. Evidence such as higher frequencies of dog bones and pendants made from dog metapodials suggests a special relationship between dog and man during the later part of this period in the western part and the early Horgen culture in the eastern part of the Alpine foreland.
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Cape Moore () is a cape at the east end of Tapsell Foreland which forms the north side of the entrance to Smith Inlet, on the north coast of Victoria Land, Antarctica. It was discovered in 1841 by Captain James C. Ross, who named it for Thomas E.L. Moore, mate on the .
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The Lichtenstein is a hill, , in the southwestern Harz Foreland. It rises near Osterode am Harz in the Lower Saxon county of Göttingen. There is a formation of Lower Bunter sandstone on the hill as well as the remains of Lichtenstein Castle. It is also the site of the Lichtenstein Cave.
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This resulted in the deposition zones shifting from the proximal or distal regions of the Karoo Basin. The Beaufort Group rocks are predominantly mudstone- dominated up until the upper sections in the lower Tarkastad Subgroup. Tuffs are also found due to concurrent volcanic activity that took place with the foreland tectonics.
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The following day, Mi Amigo was boarded by police and Home Office officials who ordered that broadcasting be stopped. On 17 November, coastguards at North Foreland were contacted and told that the ship had lost her main anchor. The Margate Lifeboat was sent to her aid and took off two crew.
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The species was described from a group of leaf specimens found in the West Foreland Formation which is part of the Kenai Group. Sediments of the formation span are typically volcanoclastic sedimentary rocks dating from the Late Paleocene to early Eocene with A. douglasense only found in the Eocene age section.
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It is a large, terraced landscape that is part of the Iller-Lech Plateau in the Alpine Foreland of south Germany. It lies southwest of the city of Ulm in the counties of Alb-Donau-Kreis and Biberach in Upper Swabia and rises above the valley floors by about 75 metres.
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Today the Altiplano is believed to have been an early foreland basin of the "proto-Andes" that got uplifted by crustal shortening in the Late Miocene.Lamb, Hoke, Kennan, Dewey. 1996. Cenozoic evolution of the Central Andes in Bolivia and northern Chile. The Bolivian Altiplano hosts the world's largest reserves of lithium.
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The Königstein lies in the northern Harz Foreland, northwest of Westerhausen (near Quedlinburg) on the road towards Börnecke. Its neighbouring hill to the northwest is the 178 m high Jätchenberg. The federal road B 6n runs by to the north. The Königstein is a ridge running from northwest to southeast.
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After six minutes of rapid fire, the last shots were fired at a range of . None of the 33 shells fired came close to the German ships. A minute before the last shots were fired, South Foreland came under counter-battery fire from across the Channel but little damage was sustained.
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The dangers posed to shipping by the Goodwin Sands have long been recognised and the earliest record of a warning light being used on the Foreland relates to a Brother Nicholas de Legh, who hung a white light from cliffs near St Margaret-at-Cliffe a little to the north.
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In some areas, such as along the North Carolina coastline, a series of cuspate forelands may form at least 100 km apart. In areas that have a large amount of shingle, such as the cuspate foreland at Dungeness, it is also common for a fresh water table to be present.
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Map of Western Gondwana with the Congo Craton Archean terranes in the Congo Craton are exposed as part of the Angolan Shield in Kasai Province, the foreland of the West Congolian mobile belt in the northwest and as granite and greenstone belts spanning into neighboring Central African Republic, Uganda and South Sudan.
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A small island called Osøya sits in the middle of the cove. Osen Cove opens onto Byvågen Bay ("town bay"), a small bay tucked between Skarvsnes Foreland to the east and the Byvågåsane Peaks to the west. On the northwest part of the headland is Langpollen Cove ("long bay"), a long, narrow cove.
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On 24 February 1797, Sir John Colleton, Bart, commanding the hired armed cutter Swift, captured and sent into Dover the French privateer schooner Aventurier. The capture took place about four leagues NE of the South Foreland. Aventurier, of 40 tons (bm), had a crew of 11 men, armed with cutlasses and pistols.
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There the Rammert transitions gradually into the rocks of the Black and Brown Jurassic rocks of the Jura Foreland. The Rammert predominantly forested because of its sandy and clayey soils that are unfavourable for farming. Its forests are intensively used for forestry. The main tree species are beech, spruce, Scots pine and oak.
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This property make these detrital mineral ideal to record long history of crystallization of tectonically complex source area. The figure to the right is an example of U–Pb relative age probability diagram. The upper plot shows foreland basin detrital zircon age distribution. The lower plot shows hinterland (source area) zircon age distribution.
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Foreland basins are considered to be hypothermal basins (cooler than normal), with low geothermal gradient and heat flow. Heat flow values average between 1 and 2 HFU (40–90 mWm−2 (Allen & Allen 2005). Rapid subsidence may be responsible for these low values. Over time sedimentary layers become buried and lose porosity.
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Thick sections of Paleozoic and Mesozoic strata, including the Flathead Sandstone and Madison Limestone, are present.Tectonic controls for thrust belt and Rocky Mountain foreland structures in the northern Tobacco Root Mountains - Jefferson Canyon area, southwestern Montana, by C.J. Schmidt and T. E. Hendrix, Montana Geological Society Guidebook, Southwest Montana, 1981, p. 167-180.
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The Helvetic zone consists of a number of tectonically very different units. The "Helvetic nappes" are a nappe stack that was thrusted over the molasse of the Molasse basin in the Alpine foreland. They are composed of Mesozoic marine limestone, marls and shales. The Helvetic nappes are completely detached from their former basement.
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'North Foreland Lodge' in The Times (London), issue 63562 dated 27 November 1989, p. 35 In 1995, North Foreland Lodge was reported to be one of the few schools willing to accommodate pet rabbits. A charge of £2 per rabbit per term was made for sawdust and straw.Jessica Gorst- Williams, 'Tuck box, gym kit, ferret', in The Times (London), issue 65183 dated 6 February 1995, p. 37 In the year 2000, the school was in the news when it was revealed that J. K. Rowling had given permission for its girls to perform a dramatisation of her Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone,David Charter, Education Correspondent, 'Girl takes the first spell as Harry Potter' in The Times (London), dated 7 October 2000, p. 15.
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Just over 28% of Austria is moderately hilly or flat: the Northern Alpine Foreland, which includes the Danube Valley; the lowlands and hilly regions in northeastern and eastern Austria, which include the Danube Basin; and the rolling hills and lowlands of the Southeastern Alpine Foreland. The parts of Austria that are most suitable for settlement – that is, arable and climatically favorable – run north of the Alps through the provinces of Upper Austria and Lower Austria in the Danube Valley and then curve east and south of the Alps through Lower Austria, Vienna, Burgenland, and Styria. Austria's least mountainous landscape is southeast of the low Leithagebirge, which forms the southern lip of the Viennese Basin, where the steppe of the Hungarian Plain begins.
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It is these movements and associated thrusts that caused the formation of the Indo-Gangetic depression which is the playground of the Gangetic streams. Again, it was these movements which caused block uplifts along the northern edge of the Central Indian Foreland (Dunn, 1942) sharpening the gradient of the southern tributaries of the Ganga and creating waterfalls along with their courses and gorges as they descend the northern edge of the Central Indian Foreland” (Ahmad, 1971). He, therefore, traced the evolution of the Himalayan drainage commensurate with the geological and tectonic history of the region relating to the upheavals and movements during the Oligocene, Miocene, and Pleistocene period. For this reason, his theory has become the more accepted theory of the Himalayan drainage system.
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In the early 1860s, Dungeness was chosen by Michael Faraday (scientific adviser to Trinity House) to be the first lighthouse to receive a permanent electric light installation. (One had previously been installed at South Foreland Lighthouse, but only on a temporary and experimental basis.) Two carbon arc lamps were installed (one as a standby), each placed within a small (sixth- order) lens, provided by Chance & Co., backed by a silvered reflector. They were placed above the oil lamps and reflectors, which were retained as an emergency backup. The Holmes magneto-electric machines from South Foreland were installed in a room at the base of the tower, along with their steam engines and other equipment, and the new light came into operation on 1 February 1862.
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The Subathu Formation was interpreted to be a preservation of the intense collision between the two plates in the western part of the foreland basin that leads to thrusting. An evidence of a silicified chert breccia strata existing just on top of the rigid precambrian basement was interpreted as a growth fault that developed as a result of compressional tectonics. The thrust slices in the sub-himalayan ranges now preserves some of the Subathu Formation. Although a debate has arise, it is inferred that some locations where the Subathu Formation is exposed are now considered to be the forebulge of the foreland basin as it is overlain by a much younger formation where a time hiatus or an unconformity has occurred.
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In anticipation of the pass of the Fidelitas and her escort, the Royal Navy sent six motor torpedo boats (MTBs) to lurk in an area between Calais and Gravelines, in a position east-southeast from South Foreland. The flotilla was made of MTB 218, MTB 219, MTB 24, MTB 38, MTB 43, and MTB 204. The convoy was shelled by 381 mm coastal batteries on their passage through Dover at midnight; the British admiralty reported that 26 rounds were fired on Fidelitas and her escorts. The same source said that German artillery bombarded South Foreland with 14 rounds from the French coast from 0:30 to 01:00. The Fidelitas convoy was engaged by the MTBs between Dover and Gravelines at 01:35.
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On the right, a road through the Namlostal links Stanzach with Berwang and Bichlbach. The route through the Bschlabertal goes to Bschlabs, Boden and over the Hahntennjoch pass to Imst. The Gramaistal and the Kaisertal are also right-hand, side valleys of the Lechtal. Near Füssen the valley transitions to the Bavarian Alpine Foreland.
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The final inversion stage takes place when tectonic stress on the aulacogen changes from tensional to compressional forming horsts. The inversion of ancient, buried aulacogens can exert a dramatic effect on crustal deformation. Martins-Ferreira, M. A. C. (2019). Effects of initial rift inversion over fold-and-thrust development in a cratonic far-foreland setting.
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The Pebas Formation is a lithostratigraphic unit of Miocene age, found in western Amazonia. The formation extends over , including parts of Brazil, Peru, Ecuador and Colombia.Wesselingh et al., 2006 It is interpreted as representing the deposits of a lake ("Lake Pebas") or series of lakes, formed within the foreland basin of the Andes mountain belt.
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Unless otherwise specified, the following features were mapped and named by LCE personnel. A number of rock peaks are situated on Skarvsnes Foreland. The bare rock summit Knappen Peak ("button peak") stands high near Osen Cove at the north of the headland. Skjegget Peak ("the barb") stands high at the northwest extremity of the headland.
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Whitecliff Bay and Bembridge Ledges is a Site of Special Scientific Interest that lies around the coastline of the easternmost part of the Isle of Wight from the Bembridge harbour entrance in the north around Foreland to Whitecliff Bay to the south. The site was notified in 1955 for both its biological and geological features.
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The White Cliffs Countryside Partnership was established in 1989, to help landowners care for the special coast and countryside of Dover and Folkestone and Hythe districts. This includes the only two stretches of Heritage Coast in Kent; the Dover-Folkestone Heritage Coast and the South Foreland Heritage Coast between Dover and Kingsdown near Deal.
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The wind farm site is more than off the North Foreland on the Kent coast. It is in the area between Long Sand and Kentish Knock, between Margate in Kent and Clacton in Essex. The site has water depths of no more than 25 m and is mostly away from deep water shipping lanes.Harris, Stephen.
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After detritus are eroded from source area, they are transported and deposited in river, foreland basin or flood plain. Then the detritus can be eroded and transported again when flooding or other kinds of eroding events occur. This process is called as reworking of detritus. And this process could be problematic to provenance studies.
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Price’s structural geology and tectonic mapping of the southern Canadian Rocky Mountains provided new insights on the evolution of the Cordilleran foreland thrust and fold belt in Canada. He has also researched the role of science in public policy development, nuclear fuel waste disposal, earth system science, and the human dimensions of global change.
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Thin-skinned deformation refers to shortening that only involves the sedimentary cover. This style is typical of many fold and thrust belts developed in the foreland of a collisional zone. This is particularly the case where a good basal decollement exists such as salt or a zone of high pore fluid pressure.Hatcher, R.D. 2007.
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In addition to the range of Parnon, two forelands can also be defined, east and west. Kynouria is located in the east foreland. In the west two lengths can be distinguished: from the northern flank of Parnon to Gkoritsa in Therapnes (on the road to Platanaki Pass), which is to , and southward into the Malea Peninsula, to wide.
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The Western Alps do not have this division into the Northern Limestone Alps, Central Alps and Southern Limestone Alps. The Austroalpine submerges itself at the eastern edge of the Alps under the Tertiary sediments of the Alpine Foreland in the east and the Pannonian Basin. This fracture zone exhibits active volcanism (e.g. in the Styrian thermal region).
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The Great Falls of the Missouri River formed because the Missouri is flowing over and through the Kootenai Formation, a mostly nonmarine sandstone laid down by rivers, glaciers, and lakes in the past.DeCelles, Peter G. "Sedimentation in a Tectonically Partitioned, Nonmarine Foreland Basin: The Lower Cretaceous Kootenai Formation, Southwestern Montana." Geological Society of America Bulletin. 97:8 (August 1986).
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Selsey Bill is a boundary for two areas of the Met Office's inshore water forecast. The area to the west extends to Lyme Regis and to the East to North Foreland. Selsey Bill is in sea area Wight. In the 19th and early 20th century the local fishermen jointly owned a longboat, operated by 22 oarsmen.
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The Allgäu Alps border on the Bregenz Forest Mountains in the west, the Lechquellen Mountains in the southwest, the Lechtal Alps in the south and southeast and the Ammergau Alps in the east. All these ranges belong, like the Allgäu Alps themselves, to the Northern Limestone Alps. In the north the Allgäu Alps give way to the Alpine Foreland.
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After this, she returned to Britain as a convoy escort along with and , and was surveyed at Woolwich. A small repair followed, lasting until May 1763. Captain Richard Hughes took over command in April 1763, serving off North Foreland until 1766. Captain Constantine Phipps succeed him in 1767, and was himself replaced by Captain Digby Dent the following year.
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Location of King George Island in the South Shetland Islands. Hole Rock () is the largest of several rocks lying close north of North Foreland, the northeastly cape of King George Island, in the South Shetland Islands. It was charted in 1937 by Discovery Investigations personnel on the Discovery II and so named because a conspicuous hole extends through it.
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Glauconite is authigenic and highly mature. The high concentration of this mineral is related to a depositional environment with a low sedimentation rate. The glauconitic siltstone has resulted from a high level flooding event in the Bambuí Basin. The sedimentary provenance is from supracrustal feldsic elements on a continental margin environment with an acidic magmatic arc (foreland basin).
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77 on the hiking trail network of the Harzer Wandernadel, stands on the site of the Luisenburg. From the Calviusberg there is a good view of the northern Harz Foreland including the settlements of Cattenstedt and Timmenrode. A refuge hut, which also houses checkpoint no. 77 in the Harzer Wandernadel hiking network, stands on the site of the Luisenburg.
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Dupuis et al., 2003, p.44 Several other proposals for the lithostratigraphic redefinition of the top of the Ypresian exist; among others the Punta Torcida Formation of the Austral or Magallanes Basin in Tierra del Fuego, the Azkorri Sandstone in the Gorrondatxe section of the North Pyrenean Foreland or Basque–Cantabrian Basin,Bernaola et al., 2006, p.
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The basin overlies the Lachlan Fold Belt and Late Carboniferous volcanoclastic sediments. The basin formed during extension in the Early Permian, with half-graben infilled with the Dalwood and Talaterang Groups. Foreland loading followed with the compression of the Currarong Orogen in the Early Permian.Crawford, E. A., Herbert, C., Taylor, G., Helby, R., Morgan, R. & Ferguson, J., 1980 – 15.
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Diatremes of the Sydney Basin, p. 295-323., In Herbert, C. & Helby, R. (Editors.) – A Guide to the Sydney Basin. Geological Survey of New South Wales, Bulletin 26.20(1),25–33. Late Permian uplift associated with the New England foreland loading phase resulted in the formation of depocentres with the northeast Sydney Basin with best preserved marine fossils.
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The resultant compressional forces produce mountain ranges. The Himalayas, the Alps, and the Appalachians are prominent examples of compressional orogenies with numerous overthrust faults. Thrust faults occur in the foreland basin which occur marginal to orogenic belts. Here, compression does not result in appreciable mountain building, which is mostly accommodated by folding and stacking of thrusts.
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This erosion then caused a reduction in mass of the Himalaya which made the foreland basin partly invert, rebound, and essentially uplift. This is supported by the discovery of the older marine deposition of the Subathu formation in parts of the thrust slices in sub-Himalayas, at a high elevation than it would normally be found.
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In 1940, the 5.5 inch guns were removed from in a refit. Two were installed in Hood Battery on Ascension Island and remain there today. A pair were installed in specially built casemates on the roof of Coalhouse Fort in Essex, overlooking the Thames. Guns from the Hood also went to Bognor Regis, Pevensey, North Foreland, Dover and Folkestone.
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The Subvariscan Zone north of the Rhenohercynian Zone was untouched by Hercynian metamorphism. During the Hercynian orogeny, the Rhenohercynian zone was folded and thrusted internally. It was thrust over the foreland to the north (the London-Brabant Massif and other Avalonian terranes). From the south it was overthrust by the Mid-German Crystalline High, part of the Saxothuringian Zone.
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As the collision progressed the Lake District area became part of a foreland basin in which the Windermere Supergroup sediments were deposited, initially interfingering with the volcanics and then overlaying them. The collision reached its end during the Early Devonian, part of the Acadian Orogeny with the final closure of Iapetus and the intrusion of late orogenic granites.
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The southern Werdenfelser Land is bordered by the Wetterstein Mountains and the Karwendel. The Zugspitze lies southwest of Garmisch-Partenkirchen and, at , is the highest peak in Germany. Both the valleys and the Alpine Foreland have been heavily influenced by the last ice age. The lakes were partially formed by groundwater filling the hollows carved out by the glaciers.
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In the Mesozoic, the Anatolian and Iranian plates fully separated and the Neo-Tethys Ocean opened. The Mesopotamian Zone (also known as the Mesopotamian Foredeep) and central Iraq had particularly thick sedimentary sequences. North-south axes are common in flexures in these rocks. In the Zone of Foreland Folding, rocks show signs of turbdiite and submarine fan deposits.
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Like the Alps as a whole, the Bavarian Alps as part of the Northern Limestone Alps were heavily influenced by the last ice age. Cirques, lakes and typical U-shaped valleys were formed by the glaciers. Depositions by ice age rivers and glaciers left behind a gently rolling landscape in the Alpine Foreland with lakes and bogs.
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The Hohe Schule, formerly also the Aalhauck, near Völkershausen in the Bavarian county of Rhön-Grabfeld is, at about , the second highest hill in the Eastern Rhön Foreland after the Wurmberg (547.7 m). The area includes ramparts and finds from the Hallstatt culture and the Latene Culture, section of the Landwehr, and the Rhine-Weser Watershed.
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Also that month she captured five fishing vessels, Françoise, Bonne Nouvelle, Mentor, St Pierre, and Jacques. She was paid off in July, but appears to have returned to service. On 2 February 1801, still under Guyon’s command, she recaptured Catherine. On 26 November 1801, the Swedish East Indiaman Sophia Magdalena ran onshore near Kingsdown on the South Foreland.
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There was a distribution of prize money after 20 March 1813. On 17 November Royalist was between Dungeness and the South Foreland where she captured the fast-sailing French privateer Grand Napoléon. Grand Napoléon was armed with 18 guns and had a crew of 75 men. Royalist sent Grand Napoléon into the Downs.LL 21 November 1809, №4409.
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Work: Chapter. 3. page, 107 – Lord Southborough, Operation Dynamo. On 17 May 1951 the station took delivery of a new lifeboat called North Foreland (Civil Service No. 11) (ON 888) and she was a 46 ft 9in Watson-class motor lifeboat. The boathouse sustained damage following a severe storm in 1953 requiring the complete replacement of the floor.
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49 The Collón Curá Formation, together with the underlying Ñirihuau Formation in the Cañadón Asfalto Basin, was deposited in a fragmented, possibly by pull- apart tectonic activity,Dalla Salda & Franzese, 1987, p.11 foreland basin setting.Echaurren, 2017, p.97 The climate in the early middle Miocene was hot, a period known as the Middle Miocene Climatic Optimum.
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Cuspate forelands provide a habitat for various flora and fauna. If a foreland is relatively stable and experiences low wave impact, it may be possible for vegetation to grow. In the United Kingdom, 11 taxa of invertebrates are found on shingle habitats. Shingle beaches also provide a habitat for birds to breed, nest, and rest en route while migrating.
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Alpine Riss glaciation (in the north: the Saale) compared with the later Würm glaciation (in the north: the Weichselian) At the beginning of the Riss ice age almost all of today's river valleys were created. The glaciation of the Alps, even before the Holstein interglacial and towards the end of the major glaciations, resulted in glaciers advancing in several phases far into the Alpine Foreland, further than all other known ice sheet advances, and the main glaciers had established themselves along today's river valleys. During the Riss, glaciers advanced into the Bavarian and Austrian Alpine Foreland probably four times. The first two advances have not been confirmed with certainty because they are overlaid by the two stadials at the end of the Riss glaciation that extended well to the north.
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Comparative view: North Foreland Lighthouse in 1736 and in 1793. About the year 1732 the top of this lighthouse was covered with a sort of lantern with large sash windows and the fire was kept bright by bellows with which the attendants blew throughout the night. This contrivance is said to have been for the purpose of saving coals but it would seem more probable that it was in order to preserve the fire from being extinguished by rain. However the plan did not work well and great injury resulted to navigation as many vessels were lost on the sands from not seeing the light and so little was it visible at sea that mariners asserted that they had often in hazy weather seen the Foreland before they could discover the light.
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The main phase of movement of another major thrust fault, the Montsec to the south of the Tremp Basin, happened not before the Early Eocene. Subsequently, the western Tremp Basin was covered by thick layers of conglomerates, creating a purely continental foreland basin, a trend observed going westward in the neighboring foreland basins of Ainsa and Jaca. A rich and diverse assemblage of fossils has been reported from the formation, among which more than 1000 dinosaur bones, tracks dating up to just 300,000 years before the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary, and many well-preserved eggs and nesting sites in situ, spread out over an area of . Multiple specimens and newly described genera and species of crocodylians, mammals, turtles, lizards, amphibians and fish complete the rich vertebrate faunal assemblage of the Tremp Formation.
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The Kutai is an extensional basin in a general foreland setting. Its geologic evolution begins in the mid Eocene and involves phases of extension and rifting, thermal sag, and isostatic subsidence. Rapid, high volume, sedimentation related to uplift and inversion began in the Early Miocene. The different stages of Kutai basin evolution can be roughly correlated to regional and local tectonic events.
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They have covered most of the island since then. St. Thomas Island is named after a chapel dedicated to Saint Thomas that once existed on it. Snake Island, the alternate name, refers to the abundant grey water snakes that inhabit it, feeding on fish. The island is part of the Ropotamo nature reserve and lies southeast of Humata Foreland in Arkutino Bay.
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Moravian enclaves in Silesia (in orange) Moravian enclaves in Silesia were parts of Moravia, but from 1783 until 1928 they were governed by Silesian authorities according to Moravian legislation. They ceased to exist on December 1, 1928 (the day of creation of the province Moravia and Silesia). In fact, most of them were exclaves of Moravia, but in one case its foreland.
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The Bazman area is covered by volcanic rocks of Tertiary age. The foreland of the mountain massifs such as the Bazman massif are affected by tectonic subsidence. A major Tertiary volcanic belt, analogous to the Indonesian volcanic arc, crosses Iran behind the Zagros. Bazman crater is 500 m in diameter South of Bazman volcano lies the broad Jaz Murian depression.
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On the south-central portion of the headland is Mount Suribachi, a conical hill named descriptively by JARE. At the foreland's southern extremity is Mount Tempyo, which stands high. Its name, apparently descriptive of the feature, was given by JARE Headquarters in 1973. Narrow Torinosu Cove ("bird's nest cove") indents the west side of Skarvsnes Foreland, west of Mount Suribachi.
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The rifting started in the Late Eocene and the main phase of subsidence continued into the Late Oligocene.Ziegler, P.A. 1990. Geological Atlas of Western Europe, Geological Society London, 256pp. The Limagne Graben forms part of a system of linked rifts, including the Rhine Graben, known as the European Cenozoic Rift System, that formed in response to compressional deformation of the Alpine foreland.
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Commons:A chart of the sands, shoals, buoys, beacons, sea marks, depths of water and anchoridge. Upon the coast of ENGLAND from South Foreland to Flambrough Head NYPL1640568.tiff The patent rights passed to Henry Grey of Billingbear in 1720, and then by descent to the Aldworth-Neville family and the Lords Braybrooke. According to several sources, the lighthouse was rebuilt in 1790.E.g.
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The IBA is an important breeding site for chinstrap penguins North Foreland is an ice-free headland on the northern coast of King George Island, the largest of the South Shetland Islands of Antarctica. It lies at the eastern entrance to Emerald Cove, 4.5 km east of Milosz Point, extending northwards for about 2 km and forming the northernmost extremity of the Island.
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5 Dec. 2011 or other vegetable oil as fuel, supplied by a gravity feed from a reservoir mounted above the burner. The lamp was first produced by Matthew Boulton, in partnership with Argand, in 1784, and became the standard for lighthouses for over a century. South Foreland Lighthouse was the first tower to successfully use an electric light in 1875.
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On 27 November 1799, Kent captured the French lugger privateer Quatre Freres (Four Brothers) five leagues off the North Foreland. Four Brothers was under the command of Citizen Charles Desobier and carried four 4-pounders, swivel guns, small arms, and a crew of 24. She was one day out of Calais and had yet to take any prizes. Lanyon sent her into Ramsgate.
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Several fold and thrust belts and sedimentary basins are peripheral, and potentially related, to the Gascoyne Complex. Between approximately 2000-1800 Ma, on the northern margin of the Yilgarn Craton, the c. 1890 Ma Narracoota Volcanics of the Bryah Basin formed in a transverse back-arc rift sag basin during collision. Culmination of the cratonic collision resulted in the foreland sedimentary Padbury Basin.
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Cerro Toro is a Cretaceous landform of the Magallanes Foreland in the Patagonian region of southeastern Chile.Ramos & Keppie, 1999Hubbard et al., 2008 The Cerro Toro is an element of the southern Andes and a product of the Andean orogeny, caused by the subduction of the Nazca Plate beneath the South American Plate. The formation of the Cerro Toro began in the Jurassic.
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Born into an Anglo-Irish family in Moyola Park, Castledawson, she is the daughter of James Lenox-Conyngham Chichester-Clark and a sister of Lord Moyola, the Prime Minister of Northern Ireland from 1969 to 1971, and Sir Robin Chichester-Clark.Debrett's entry She was educated at North Foreland Lodge and Girton College, Cambridge, graduating with a BA in economics in 1951.
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East of the Salzach, glacier tongues hardly reached the edge of the Alps, because the mountains of the Low Tauern, unlike those of the High Tauern did not produce enough ice. So the alpentore were found mainly in the Bavarian Alpine Foreland. One of the few examples at the southern edge of the Alps was the comparatively small alpentor of today's Tagliamento valley.
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Kayak Point is a cuspate foreland on Port Susan, with a sandy beach that was derived from erosion of nearby bluffs. The park is largely undeveloped, with only dedicated solely to recreational uses. Kayak Point County Park features a sandy beach along Port Susan with picnic shelters and parking. The beach is interrupted by a boat launch and a pier.
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The town of Bad Gandersheim lies between the Leine Uplands, Weser Uplands, and Harz Foreland in the valley of the Gande River, into which its tributary, the Eterna, empties within the town's territory. To the north lies the Heber Ridge. The borough is predominantly hilly. The Harz Mountains begin about east of the town, and to the west is the Leine Graben ().
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There are few traces of Early Triassic units found in Hainan Island. The rocks showed a range of grain sizes from fine-grained materials, such as siltstones and argillites, to detritus-bearing sandstones to course-grained materials such as conglomerates. This suggested a foreland basin as its depositional environment. At the same time, there was also intrusive activities at Early Mesozoic ca.
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The family moved to in Florence, where Katherine took up painting. Her second brother George became King George II in 1922, but was deposed in 1924. Katherine was educated in England, at a boarding school at Broadstairs and then North Foreland Lodge. Her mother died in January 1932, after which she continued to live at the Villa Sparta with her sister, Helen.
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Miocene cobble conglomerates deposited in a tidally-influenced channel define a major sequence boundary exposed on the peninsula that can be correlated to paleo- shelf edge gorges imaged offshore on seismic data. Recent beach deposits on the area at 20 metre elevation indicate youthful uplift which offer a stellar example of drainage capture and facies variability in an active tropical foreland basin.
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Dikes without a foreland have a layer of crushed rock below the waterline to slow wave action. Up to the high waterline the dike is often covered with carefully laid basalt stones or a layer of tarmac. The remainder is covered by grass and maintained by grazing sheep. Sheep keep the grass dense and compact the soil, in contrast to cattle.
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Gable End Foreland is a prominent headland on the northeastern coast of New Zealand's North island. It is located 30 kilometres northeast of Tuaheni Point and 20 kilometres south of Tolaga Bay. The headland was named by Captain James Cook on his first voyage to New Zealand in 1769. The name reflects the similarity of the weathered cliff to a house gable.
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Farallon Negro is located in the Argentine Catamarca province, in the Sierra de Belén and north of the Pipanaco basin. It may be the largest volcanic field in the Argentine foreland. Nearby towns are Andalgala approximately south of the Agua Rica deposit, Belen approximately southwest of the volcano and Tucuman approximately northeast. The local climate is arid and temperatures range .
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Lloyd's List reported on 9 November, based on a report from Dover the day before, that Racer had been lost on the French coast.Lloyd's List №4509. Lieutenant Daniel Miller had been ordered to patrol off the North Foreland to protect trade and annoy the enemy. On 25 October she chased a French lugger privateer over to the French coast, but lost her.
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Fluids carrying heat, minerals, and petroleum, have a vast impact on the tectonic regime within the foreland basin. Before deformation, sediment layers are porous and full of fluids, such as water and hydrated minerals. Once these sediments are buried and compacted, the pores become smaller and some of the fluids, about 1/3, leave the pores. This fluid has to go somewhere.
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The flood plain of the Elbe also forms a separate natural region. The major landscape group of Wendland and Altmark (86) is bounded and bordered by the groups of Lüneburg Heath (64) to the northwest, the Weser-Aller Plain (62) to the southwest, the Eastern Harz Foreland and Börde (50) to the south and the Elbe Valley (87) to the east and north.
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Dungeness () is a headland on the coast of Kent, England, formed largely of a shingle beach in the form of a cuspate foreland. It shelters a large area of low-lying land, Romney Marsh. Dungeness spans Dungeness Nuclear Power Station, the hamlet of Dungeness, and an ecological site at the same location. It lies within the civil parish of Lydd.
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Is a foreland basin, found in the northwestern corner of Venezuela in South America. Covering over 35,000 square km, it is a hydrocarbon-rich region that has produced over 30 billion bbl of oil with an estimated 44 billion bbl yet to be recovered. The basin is characterized by a large shallow tidal estuary, Lake Maracaibo, located near its center.
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The Bismarck Tower is not permanently open as an observation tower. A key to the entrance door may, for example, be obtained from the tourist office in Ballenstedt (Touristik-Information Ballenstedt). From the viewing platform there are views of the Harz Foreland, Ballenstedt and Opperode. The tower is No. 199 in the system of checkpoints in the Harzer Wandernadel hiking network.
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Smith, p. 16 The cable was laid between South Foreland and Sangatte by Blazer under tow from two tugs on 25 September 1851. The cable ran out a mile (1.6 km) before reaching Sangatte. As a temporary measure, a length of unarmoured cable used for the underground link from Sangatte to Calais was spliced on to enable the ocean cable to be landed.
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The telegraph station on the English side was in a private house in Dover. At first, they could not contact France, but soon discovered that the problem was not with the submarine cable. Rather a joint had been omitted in the underground cable between South Foreland and Dover. Telegraph communication between Britain and France was established for the first time on 15 October.
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In 1898 South Foreland Lighthouse was used by Guglielmo Marconi during his work on radio waves, receiving the first ship-to-shore message from the East Goodwin lightship on Christmas Eve that year. The system was used over the following winter to avert several shipwrecks. In 1899, the first international transmission was made between the lighthouse and Wimereux in France.
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A cuspate foreland can form in a strait or along a coastline that has no islands or shoals in the area. In this case, longshore drift as well as prevailing wind and waves bring sediment together from opposite directions. If there is a large angle between the waves and the shoreline, the sediment converges, accumulates, and forms beach ridges.Ashton, A., et al.
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Emerald Cove () is a cove wide, lying between North Foreland and Brimstone Peak on the north coast of King George Island, in the South Shetland Islands. The name "Shireff's Cove" (with one 'r') was given by William Smith in 1819, after Captain William H. Shirreff of the Royal Navy, to whom he reported his discovery of the South Shetland Islands. In 1820, Smith's description of his landing on North Foreland was confused with his description of features on northern Livingston Island, and the name was applied to a feature on that island, where it has been officially accepted. The name "Emerald Cove" was applied by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1960 and is for the brig Emerald (Captain John G. Scott) from Boston, MA, which visited the South Shetland Islands in 1820–21 in company with the Esther.
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According to the Alpine Club classification of the Eastern Alps, the Salzkammergut Mountains (AVE 17a) lie to the east of the Berchtesgaden Alps and the city of Salzburg. To the north the Austrian Alpine Foreland is the boundary, between the points where the rivers Salzach and Traun spill out into the Foreland near Salzburg and Gmunden respectively. To the east the boundary with the Upper Austrian Prealps is formed by the Traun between the lakes of Traunsee and, further downstream, with the Totes Gebirge by the Lake Hallstatt on the foot of the Dachstein Mountains. To the south the border runs from Lake Hallstatt up the Gosau Valley to Gschütt Pass, and from there downhill along the Rußbach Valley, separating the Salzkammergut Mountains from the Tennengebirge in the southwest, and the Lammer creek to its confluence with the Salzach near Golling.
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Stanley, Steven M., Earth System History, New York: W.H. Freeman and Company, 1999, p.243 The molasse can sometimes completely fill a foreland basin, creating a nearly flat depositional surface, that nonetheless remains a structural syncline. Molasse can be very thick near the mountain front, but usually thins out towards the interior of a craton; such massive, convex accumulations of sediment are known as clastic wedges.
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The two rivers were made to flow into the lagoon of Brondolo, which was to the south of the lagoon of Venice and connected to it. This lagoon, which did not have a direct access to the sea, was turned into a freshwater lake and, later, it became completely silted up. The sea shore in this area advanced into the sea, forming a cuspate foreland.
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The North Brandenburg Plateaux and Upland is part of the North German Plain. It extends from the Elde depression in the west to the Havel in the middle of North Brandenburg. Its neighbouring natural regions are the Southwest Foreland of the Mecklenburg Lake District to the northwest, the Mecklenburg Lake District to the northeast, the Luchland to the southeast and the Elbe Depression to the southwest.
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The folded Cape Supergroup formed the northern foothills of this mountain range. The weight of the Falkland-Cape Supergroup mountains caused the continental crust of Southern Africa to sag, forming a retroarc foreland system, which became flooded to form the Karoo Sea. Sedimentation, beginning with glacial deposits from the north, but later from the Falkland Mountains to the south, into this depression formed the Karoo Supergroup.
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Culmination of the cratonic collision resulted in the foreland sedimentary Padbury Basin. To the east the Yerrida and Eerarheedy Basins were passive margins along the Yilgarn's northern margin. The c. 1830 Ma phase of the Capricorn Orogeny in this section of the Pilbara-Yilgarn boundary resulted in deformation of the Bryah-Padbury Basin and the western fringe of the Yerrida Basin, along with flood basalts.
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250px Point Hope is a headland in the U.S. state of Alaska, located at the western tip of the Lisburne Peninsula. It lies on the Chukchi Sea coast, 40 miles southwest of Cape Lisburne, Arctic Slope at (68.347052, -166.762917). The city of Point Hope is located on the foreland. The Inuit name for this cape was Tikarakh or Tikiqaq commonly spelled "Tiagara," meaning "forefinger".
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The Sierras Marginales were part of the Ebro Block, a northeastern section of Iberia. The appartenance of the North Pyrenean Zone is still uncertain, but the Subpyrenean Zone certainly formed part of the microcontinent Aquitania. Iberia and Aquitania were on the south side of the South Variscan Thrust and therefore constituted the foreland of the Variscan orogen. Both microcontinents had originated from Gondwana's northern margin.
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The Sevier fold and thrust belt was active between late Jurassic through Eocene time.Taylor, W.J., Bartley, J.M., Martin, M.W., Geissman, J.W., Walker, J.D., Armstrong, P.A., and Fryxell, J.E., 2000, Relations between hinterland and foreland shortening: Sevier orogeny, central North America Cordillera, Tectonophysics, Vol. 19, Issue 6, pp. 1124-1143. The actual age of initiation of the belt is not entirely agreed upon by researchers.
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Quaternary glaciation began in the Alps 870,000 years ago and advanced to the Alpine Foreland 650,000 years ago. In the Alps, the four glaciations are known by the names of Bavarian rivers: Gunz, Mindel, Riss and Wurm. The Wurm glaciation is the most recent and best preserved, ending 11,700 years ago. Sedimentary terraces up to 300 meters thick formed rapidly in the Inn Valley due to glaciation.
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The Röhrigschacht lies in the transition zone from the Lower Harz to the southeastern Harz Foreland in the nature park of Harz/Saxony-Anhalt. It is in the South Harz Karst Landscape Biosphere Reserve. It is located on the northwestern edge of Wettelrode, north of Sangerhausen and south of the Steinberg (). The above-ground elements of the old copper works lie at an elevation of 305 m.
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SS Geraldine Mary 4 August 1940 Foray number five was in terms of tonnage sunk, her most successful; she destroyed the Gogovale on 4 August 1940 about west southwest of Bloody Foreland (County Donegal in Ireland).The Times Atlas of the World - Third edition, revised 1995, , p. 9 On about the same day the submarine was badly damaged by British escorts; repairs took four months to implement.
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30–31 and the success of this bid was announced in March 2002, when it was revealed that a new prep school was to be built within the school grounds and that North Foreland would continue as a girls-only senior school. However, having paid only £1 million for the school, in 2003 Gordonstoun closed it, soon selling the land and buildings for £6 million.
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Clavering Island () is a large island in eastern Greenland off Gael Hamke Bay, to the south of Wollaston Foreland. The Eskimonaes (Eskimonæs) radio and weather station was on this island. It was manned by Danish staff and was captured by German troops in 1943. The place where the station stood had also been the location of the last Inuit settlement in Northeast Greenland around 1823.
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Whangara () is a small community in the northeast of New Zealand's North Island. Located between Gisborne and Tolaga Bay, five kilometres southwest of Gable End Foreland and two kilometres east of State Highway 35, it features prominently in the early history of the Ngāti Porou iwi.Chapter 1: Mohena Kohere's antecedents, in The Story of a Maori Chief, by Reweti T. Kohere. Reed Publishing (NZ) Ltd, 1949.
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This thrust forms the base of the belt from Eriboll to the southern end of the Assynt Window where it merges with the Moine Thrust itself. It is thought to be the youngest formed thrust structure in the belt, which is consistent with a foreland propagating thrust sequence. Along strike the footwall of the Sole Thrust changes from Lewisian in the south to Cambrian in the north.
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Occasionally the displacement on the individual horses is greater, such that each horse lies more or less vertically above the other, this is known as an antiformal stack or imbricate stack. If the individual displacements are greater still, then the horses have a foreland dip. Duplexing is a very efficient mechanism of accommodating shortening of the crust by thickening the section rather than by folding and deformation.
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Bartholomew, M.J., and Whitaker, A.E., 2010, The Alleghanian deformational sequence at the foreland junction of the Central and Southern Appalachians in Tollo, R.P., Bartholomew, M.J., Hibbard, J.P., and Karabinos, P.M., eds., From Rodinia to Pangea: The Lithotectonic Record of the Appalachian Region, GSA Memoir 206, p. 431-454. This region is largely formed by sedimentary rock.Lucey, Carol S. Geology of Sussex County in Brief.
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In return, Latvia received the so-called Aknysta foreland (Latvian: Aknīste) north of Rokiškis. In total, Latvia gained about 100 km² more than Lithuania. This treaty solved all border conflicts with Latvia and the border remains the same today. It became a foundation for good and healthy cooperation between the two nations. On 23 September 1921 Lithuania became a member of the League of Nations.
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Kolomansberg, Salzkammergut Mountains, Austria The Alpine foothills, or Prealps (; ; ; ) can refer generally to any foothills at the base of the European Alps. They are the transition zone between the High Alps to the Swiss Plateau and the Bavarian Alpine Foreland in the north, as well as to the Pannonian Basin (Alpokalja) in the east, the Padan Plain in the south and the Rhone Valley in the west.
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The Takena Formation developed in the Late Cretaceous in the foreland basin to the north of the Gangdese magmatic arc, and consists of marine limestone overlaid by fluvial red beds. Outcropped folds in the Takena Formation between Lhasa and Yangbajain are upright or lean slightly to the north or south, and indicate 30% to 50% shortening in the Late Cretaceous before the Indian collision.
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The Siwaliks Group in Nepal is composed of three units that are known as lower, middle and upper members. These units can be correlated with the Sub Himalaya of Pakistan and of northern India . Palaeocurrent and petrographic data from the sandstone and conglomerate indicate that these rocks were derived from the fold-thrust belt, and deposited within the flexural foredeep of the Himalayan foreland basin (; ).
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The Inn Glacier (), also called the Inn Valley Glacier (Inntal-Gletscher). was the ice age glacier of the Alpine river, the Inn. Originating in the Swiss Upper and Lower Engadine (in the present canton of Graubünden), it flowed through the state of Tyrol in Austria (occupying the present day Inn Valley). On German territory it pushed its ice front far into the Bavarian Alpine Foreland.
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The naval Battle of the Gabbard, also known as the Battle of Gabbard Bank, the Battle of the North Foreland or the Second Battle of Nieuwpoort took place on 2–3 June 1653 (12–13 June 1653 Gregorian calendar). during the First Anglo- Dutch War near the Gabbard shoal off the coast of Suffolk, England between fleets of the Commonwealth of England and the United Provinces.
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Many of the names that Jonas Poole gave to features on the west coast of Spitsbergen, most importantly Hornsund, Bellsund, and Isfjorden, still retain their name. The names of other features, through modern blunders in map-making and for other reasons, have been changed or altogether forgotten. Poolepynten (Poole Point), on the southeastern coast of Prins Karls Forland (Prince Charles Foreland), was named in his honor.
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This also marked as the end of the foreland basin cycle. From Jurassic to Palaeogene, the Junggar Basin undergone intra-continental depression. There was covered in braided delta with few lakes and increasing subsidence rate towards the south from 20 to 120 m/Ma during Jurassic. The collision of the Lhasa block from the south resulted that the delta formed along the margin of the basin.
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Harbour seal The entire sea surrounding Föhr may also be designated an attraction. Mainly the foreland north of the sea dike, but also the mud flats provide ample space for all kinds of seabirds. Oystercatchers, common eiders, shelducks, snipes and peewits are only a few of them. Moreover, during the season vast swarms of migratory birds will rest at Föhr and the neighbouring islands.
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Relief map with Munich Gravel Plain (green) The Munich gravel plain () is an Outwash plain in Upper Bavaria, Germany, formed during Late Pleistocene glacial periods. Characterized by its very wide extension, it comprises sandur terraces and the floodplain of the Isar river. These most recent deposits overlie the Neogene Molasse basin of the Alpine Foreland, which in contrast comprises fine-grained fluviatile and lacustrine facies.
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The Teton fault is located in a unique geologic setting. The fault is on the boundary of four major geologic provinces: the Basin and Range, Idaho-Wyoming Thrust belt, Rocky Mountain Foreland, and the Yellowstone volcanic plateau. The Basin and Range province is a region of east-west crustal extension. This province adds tension perpendicular to the fault line causing the fault blocks to move apart.
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This occurs during uplift that is commonly associated with an orogenic event. One edge of a basin is uplifted during the formation of a foreland fold and thrust belt, and basinal fluids migrate laterally away from the deformation front as the basin is uplifted. Migration of the fluids through deep portions of the basin may result in the acquisition of metals and sulfur contained within the basin.
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From the geological point of view the Alpi Cusiane are considered part of the Prealpine zone, divided from the crystalline zone of the Alps by the Insubric line. This important geologic fault forms the border between the Adriatic plate and the European plate. Hills and mountains located south-east of the line, like the Alpi Cusiane, can be considered part of southern Apulian foreland.
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This represents the beginnings of the Caribbean arc collision with the South American plate. As the collision continued, this region shifted from the passive margin stage to the foreland basin stage. These Paleogene sediments are characterized by fluvial and deltaic facies and make up the Misoa formation, fluvial sandstones that act as hydrocarbon reservoirs. Mountain building begins in the late Paleogene, producing mostly continental sandstone facies.
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The Molasse basin stretches over 1000 kilometers along the long axis of the Alps, in France, Switzerland, Germany and Austria. The west end is at Lake Geneva, where the basin's outcrop is just 20 km wide. Further to the northeast the basin becomes wider. It forms the subsurface of the Swiss Mittelland and reaches its widest (circa 130 km) in the Bavarian foreland of the Alps.
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By 22 million years ago, the Alpine foreland was flooded again due to tectonic subsidence. A shallow (intertidal) marine environment formed from Lyon to Vienna. In this environment the third formation, the Upper Marine Molasse (German: Obere Meeresmolasse), was formed. It consists of marine sands, clays and marls and new fan conglomerates and is of Burdigalian to Langhian age (early Miocene, 22 to 16 million years old).
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This gap in knowledge provides the opportunity for further research. It is likely that Point Pelee is migrating westwards since accretion is occurring on the western side, and erosion is occurring on the eastern side. Lake Victoria in Australia also has a number of cuspate forelands. Point Scott is a cuspate foreland along this lakeshore that has formed from the gradual accumulation of sand and gravel.
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However, overall there were no significant changes in tectonic setting during the Early Cretaceous to Early Paleocene. In fact, the Bhainskati Formation is correlated to the Subathu Formation in the Garhwal Himalaya. The deposition of these marine facies in a shallow marine environment is associated with the foreland basin development. Downward displacement and flexure of the Indian Plate as a result of obduction of ophiolites onto the Indian Plate.
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Research proposes that the Jackfork Sandstone was deposited in a developing foreland basin during the early stages of the Ouachita Orogeny. It is conventionally interpreted as a sequence dominated by turbidites in a submarine fan setting, however, diagnostic internal features, such as inverse size grading, indicate sand emplacement by debris flows and slumps in a slope setting. The terrane has been deeply eroded since its deformation during the late Paleozoic.
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Richard Garfield, Noble and rich history of Sherfield Manor dated 26 March 2009 at basingstokegazette.co.uk. Retrieved 20 May 2012 On 3 December 1981 Queen Margrethe II of Denmark, who had been educated at North Foreland Lodge in the 1950s, opened the school's new music wing.'Court Circular' in The Times (London), issue 61099 dated 4 December 1981, p. 12 By 1982 there were 160 girls, all of whom were boarders.
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When a small cutter was observed boarding two brigs eight or nine miles from the North Foreland, 40 or 50 Sea Fencibles pushed off in three boats and recaptured the two brigs, the privateer having made off. Another case occurred on 13 June 1804. HM hired armed cutter Princess Augusta, under the command of Lieutenant John Tracey, encountered a 14-gun French privateer off Huntcliff.Naval Chronicle, (Jul-Dec 1805) Vol.
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The peninsula was named after Queen Margrethe II of Denmark on 16 April 1990 on the occasion of her 50th birthday. In 1932 a Norwegian hunting station was built at the southern end of Hochstetter Foreland, on the western shore of Peters Bay, by the mouth of Ardencaple Fjord. It was named Jonsbu (Jónsbú) after Norwegian trapper John Schjelderup Giæver (1901–1970). The station was destroyed in World War II.
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This species is found in central Europe, eastern Europe and western Europe. It is absent from northern Europe as well as south of the Pyrenees in western Europe. This species lives in humid, cool deciduous forests and mixed forests, and also in unwooded areas at high elevations. It can be found under loose bark or in dead wood, and also in bogs, especially in mountains or in foreland up to .
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Numerous additional demonstrations followed, and Marconi began to receive international attention. In July 1897, he carried out a series of tests at La Spezia, in his home country, for the Italian government. A test for Lloyd's between Ballycastle and Rathlin Island, Ireland, was conducted on 6 July 1898. A transmission across the English channel was accomplished on 27 March 1899, from Wimereux, France to South Foreland Lighthouse, England.
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Further south, flexural and isostatic uplift led to the uplift of the Guyana Shield. The uplift of the craton formed a foreland basin, known as the East Venezuela Basin, which received sediment from north flowing rivers. The Oficina, Merecure, and Freites sandstones were deposited in this period, which now contain most of the oil in the Orinoco oil belt. The Oficina formation is the primary reservoir rock in the Carabobo field.
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Nappes were formed in two phases: the outer (Northern) or lower group of nappes called the Silezia-Krosno Belt, and the overriding internal (Southern) Magura Belt. Nappes are thrust over their foreland in the form of tectonic slices. At least part of the Flysch Belt was an Eastern continuation of the Alpine Penninic Zone, probably the Valais branch. A direct continuation of the Alpine Rhine-Danube Flysch can be seen.
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London: Chatto & Windus, p. 13. . (N.B. In German die Mittelgebirge (plural) refers to the Central Uplands; das Mittelgebirge refers to a low mountain range or upland region (Mittel = "medium" and -gebirge = "range").) is one of the three major natural regions of Germany. It stretches east to west across the country. To the north lies the North German Plain or Northern Lowland; to the south, the Alps and the Alpine Foreland.
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Rosenheim is a town in Bavaria, Germany. It is an independent city located in the centre of the district of Rosenheim (Upper Bavaria), and is also the seat of its administration. It is located on the west bank of the Inn at the confluence of the rivers Inn and Mangfall, in the Bavarian Alpine Foreland. It is the third largest city in Upper Bavaria with over 63,000 inhabitants.
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The boundary of the range is only unambiguously clear in the east, southeast and south. The River Lech forms the boundary here from where it leaves the Alps and enters the Alpine Foreland near Füssen upstream to its confluence with the Krumbach near Warth (Vorarlberg). The Krumbach forms the boundary as far as the Hochtannberg Pass. It then continues along the Seebach and Bregenzer Ach streams to Au-Rehmen.
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The island was first seen by the Dutch explorer Willem Barentsz in 1596. In 1610, the English explorer Jonas Poole named it Black Point Isle. By 1612 the English whalers were referring to the island as Prince Charles' Foreland, after King James's son, Charles (later king of England and Scotland). The Dutch called it Kijn Island, after a merchant, who, climbing a tall hill in 1612, fell and broke his neck.
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The rock wall of the Teufelsmauer. Here the Mittelsteine near Weddersleben Close-up of the Mittelsteine The Teufelsmauer (Devil's Wall) is a rock formation made of hard sandstones of the Upper Cretaceous in the northern part of the Harz Foreland in central Germany. This wall of rock runs from Blankenburg (Harz) via Weddersleben and Rieder to Ballenstedt. The most prominent individual rocks of the Teufelsmauer have their own names.
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Soloman of Weymouth, Hopewell, and Emanuel of Bridgwater. There were over 400 men aboard the ships, with 147 miners, 4 blacksmiths, and 5 assayers in the crew. On 3 June 1578, the expedition left Plymouth and, sailing through the Channel, on 20 June reached the south of Greenland, where Frobisher and some of his men managed to land. On 2 July, the foreland of Frobisher Bay was sighted.
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The earliest attempts to produce restored sections were on foreland fold and thrust belts. This technique assumed a stratigraphic template with unit thicknesses either constant or smoothly varying across the section. Line lengths were measured on the present-day deformed section and transferred to the template, to rebuild the section as it was before deformation started. This method does not guarantee that area is conserved, only line length.
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This low energy environment is conducive for preferential deposition of finer sediment types which formed the mudstone and siltstone deposits. However, the climate was seasonally dry due to the presence of calcium carbonate precipitation in the sandstones. Coarser clastic material was only deposited during seasonal floods. The meandering rivers flowed from a foreland basin that was being formed from the rising of the Gondwanide mountains in the south.
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The fairly level area is a fertile alluvial plain and has the shape of a spindle, over an area of by . The Danube enters the basin at Krems an der Donau and it leaves at Korneuburg. The basin is a settled ground filled with tertiary sediments and rubbly deposits of the Danube and other rivers of the Alpine Foreland. Its fertile terraces are farmed with wheat, maize, potatoes and sugar beet.
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He exhibited regularly at Lefevre Galleries, who paid him a retainer and had first refusal on his works, and hosted two solo exhibitions. He painted a number of buildings in London, including St John-at-Hampstead, and the since- demolished St Andrew's church in Vanbrugh Park. Further afield, his subjects include North Foreland Lighthouse. One of his painting was shown in the British pavilion at the 1936 Venice Biennale.
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Further displacement then takes place via the newly created ramp. This process may repeat many times, forming a series of fault bounded thrust slices known as imbricates or horses, each with the geometry of a fault-bend fold of small displacement. The final result is typically a lozenge shaped duplex. Most duplexes have only small displacements on the bounding faults between the horses and these dip away from the foreland.
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The Subathu formation containing predominantly of shales and minor amounts of sand. Field picture taken close to the city of Simia, India.The Paleogene Subathu Formation of India (correlative to the Bhainskati Formation of Nepal, and the Kohat Formation of Pakistan) represents the oldest known foreland basin deposits, and unconformably overlies older strata. The Subathu Formation and equivalents are relatively thin intervals (<150 m) predominantly composed of fossiliferous, organic-rich black shale.
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Syncline at a quarry at Profondeville, in the Belgian Ardennes. The rock strata are Upper Devonian sandstones and limestones, folded during the late phases of the Hercynian orogeny. The Rhenohercynian Zone is a part of the northern foreland of the Hercynian orogeny. It has a lower grade of metamorphism than the Saxothuringian Zone to the south, meaning its rocks have generally been at smaller depths and under lower temperatures.
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The bridge was in a strategic position and in 1495 it was destroyed to slow the Swiss Confederation army. The army then turned and marched in the direction of Lombardy. Also important for trader traffic the stone bridge over the stream Traversagna, which was built in 1485. In the southern foreland, various canals were built which supplied water and power to mills and sawmills that were used throughout the region.
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By contrast, in the north, the vulcanite does not end until it reaches the adjacent North Vogelsberg Foreland, i.e. outside the actual Vogelsberg. Even the Anterior Vogelsberg which lies outside the latter region still has large areas of basaltic rock. To the west the basalt zone reaches far into the gently rolling lowlands of the Wetterau, this depression lies alongside the middle and lower reaches of the Horloff river.
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The Montebello Sandstone member is an example of a storm dominated rock unit. Brachiopod fossils are scattered in massive sandstone beds throughout the rock unit, while the Sherman Ridge member is more laminated with fossilized ripple marks often indicating tidal current directions.Prave, A.R., Duke, W.L., Slattery, W. (1996). A depositional model for storm- and tide-dominated prograding siliciclastic shorelines from the Middle Devonian of the central Appalachian foreland basin, USA.
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Bronze anklets are visible as early as the Bronze Age in temperate Europe, in an area roughly along the Danube, in the Alpine foreland, up the Rhine to the Atlantic, and also down the Rhône (Sherratt, 2001). These were found among hoards in these areas, along with other bronze items characteristic of this time (c. 1800 BCE onwards), and are attributable to the Tumulus culture that spread across this region.
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Migrating fluids originate from the sediments of the foreland basin and migrate in response to deformation. As a result, brine can migrate over great distances. Evidence of long-range migration includes: 1) Correlation of petroleum to distant source rocks 2) Ore bodies deposited from metal-bearing brines, 3) Anomalous thermal histories for shallow sediments, 4) Regional potassium metasomatism, 5) Epigenetic dolomite cements in ore bodies and deep aquifers (Bethke & Marshak 1990).
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South Foreland Lighthouse on Dover cliffs Sir Francis Pettit Smith of Kent invented the screw propeller. Faversham Oyster Fishery is the oldest company in the world. Maidenhead Railway Bridge is known for its flat arch, built in 1839 with 39-metre spans. The Wealden iron industry in the Weald was the site of the first blast furnace in Britain in 1491, and produced much of Britain's cast iron until the 1770s.
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With the influence of Variscan orogeny, Early Permian marine facies changed into the terrestrial environment during Late Permian. This is because orogenic compression and crustal thickening resulted in higher sedimentation and withdrawn of the sea. At that time, widespread uplift occurred with subsidence formed a graben at first. Then, the area gradually became a mountain-trapped peripheral foreland basin due to high-temperature and relaxing subsidence from the regional extension.
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Aerial view of a cross-section of the Lewis Overthrust, facing north. The Rocky Mountain Front is on the right. Southwest Wyoming, where the borders of Idaho, Utah, and Wyoming come together, is another area where the Cordilleran foreland thrust- and-fold remains largely intact. (The other is northwest Montana, as noted above.) The Rocky Mountain Front in Wyoming is believed to have extensive oil and natural gas reserves.
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Over-all the region surrounding the Altiplano and Puna plateaux has been horizontally shortened since the Eocene. The Altiplano and its largest lake as seen from Ancohuma. The uplift of the Altiplano plateau is one of the most striking features of the Andean orogeny. In southern Bolivia lithospheric shortening has made the Andean foreland basin to move eastward relative to the continent at an average rate of ca.
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It consists of four parts, the internal Betics along the coast, the external Betics inland, the flysch units in the far south of Spain (and Gibraltar), and the foreland basin: the Guadalquivir River Basin. Formation happened with 250 km of north–south convergence from mid- Oligocene to late Miocene. From 50 km West North West convergence. The Betics are part of the Gibraltar Arc, which also includes the Rif in Morocco.
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Königstein near Westerhausen, also called the Kamelfelsen or Großes Kamel. A landmark of the village. The parish of Westerhausen lies in the landscape protection area of Harz und Vorländer (formerly the Northern Harz Foreland). Part of it belongs to the following nature reserves (in brackets: year the reserve was created): Harslebener Berge und Steinholz (1967). [1] The Seggen- und binsenreiche Nasswiesen in Helsunger Bruch are a protected biotope (1999).
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Individual island arc terranes accreted to Laurentia during the Yavapai Orogeny include the Pinal and lower Manzano Group. The Labradorian orogeny is interpreted as a regional manifestation of the overall Mazatzal orogeny. Deformation from the Mazatzal Orogeny extended into a foreland zone of the Yavapai province. Plutons emplaced by the orobeny may extend as far north as the Cheyenne belt and as far northwest as the Mojave province.
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Map of the Silver Road The 140-kilometre-long road, the Silver Road () is the first and longest holiday route in the German Free State of Saxony. Against the background of the importance of mining in the history of Saxony, the road links those sights and tourist attractions of the Ore Mountains and its foreland that relate to the centuries-old mining and smelting industries of the region.
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298 It was early June before UB-10 sank her next ship. The Belgian ship Menapier, carrying a load of iron ore from Algiers for Middlesbrough, was torpedoed and sunk off North Foreland by Steinbrinck on the 7th. Of the 23 persons on board the 1,886-ton ship, only 6 were saved. Menapiers master, his wife, and six- year-old daughter, the first mate, the pilot, and 12 other crewmen perished.
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The boat managed to reach the stricken ketch, rescue the crew and get back to Lynmouth safely. The weather then began to improve, and a fresh crew, together with the original skipper of the vessel, went out to attempt to salvage her. They improvised with a scrap of sail, and managed to get safely around Foreland Point. They sailed on all night, only just managing to keep the ship afloat.
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Roseomonas arctica is a species of Gram negative, strictly aerobic, coccobacilli-shaped, psychrotrophic, light red-colored bacteria. It was first isolated from soil in the glacier foreland of Ny-Ålesund in Svalbard, Norway. The species name refers to the Arctic region from which it was first isolated. Roseomonas arcticisoli was also isolated from the same region, but R. arcticisoli is more closely related to R. wooponensis than to R. arctica.
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After some persuasion, the doors were forced open and the lifeboat was launched with great risk. This was the last launch of North Foreland, and she was taken into Margate Harbour where she remained until she was transferred to Ramsgate where she operated until the new lifeboat was ready to take over at Margate. The inshore station had also sustained damage and that was temporarily housed at Margate Police Station.
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Cuspate forelands can be separated into three distinct areas: the central nose or apex, and two marginal wings. The apex usually has ridges that run parallel to the converging shorelines. Cuspate forelands can extend up to 5 km from the shoreline, and an underwater shoal may extend much further, up to 15 km from the exposed apex. Located between the mainland and the foreland are often lagoons or marshy areas.
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Fluvial systems of the Upper Cretaceous Mesaverde Group and Paleocene North Horn Formation, central Utah: A record of transition from thin-skinned to thick-skinned deformation in the foreland region. Paleotectonics and Sedimentatio in the Rocky Mountain Region, United States. AAPG Special Volumes, M 41. Pp. 423-442.Lawton, T. F., Talling, P. J., Hobbs, R. S., Trexler, J. H. Jr, Weiss, M. P., Burbank, D. W. (1993).
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Early on 19 May, the British steamship Empire Ridge of , crossed U-96s path west of Bloody Foreland (Ireland). Mistaking her for a 9000-ton tanker, U-96 launched two torpedoes. Empire Ridge broke in half when the torpedoes hit, taking with her 31 of a crew of 33. After 41 days at sea, U-96 returned to Saint Nazaire on 22 May, having sunk four ships for a total of .
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The external, generally northern, portion of the orogenic belt is a Tertiary accretionary wedge of a so-called Flysch belt (the Carpathian Flysch Belt) created by rocks scraped off the sea bottom and thrust over the North- European plate. The Carpathian accretionary wedge is made of several thin skinned nappes composed of Cretaceous to Paleogene turbidites. Thrusting of the Flysch nappes over the Carpathian foreland caused the formation of the Carpathian foreland basin.Nehyba, S., Šikula, J., 2007, Depositional architecture, sequence stratigraphy and geodynamic development of the Carpathian Foredeep (Czech Republic). Geologica Carpathica, 58, 1, pp. 53-69 The boundary between the Flysch belt and internal zones of the orogenic belt in the western segment of the mountain range is marked by the Pieniny Klippen Belt, a narrow complicated zone of polyphase compressional deformation, later involved in a supposed strike-slip zone.Mišík, M., 1997, The Slovak Part of the Pieniny Klippen Belt After the Pioneering Works of D. Andrusov. Geologica Carpathica, 48, 4, pp.
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View from the Amöneburg of the Neustadt Saddle and Knüll (635.5 m). Immediately left of the saddle of the largely cleared Krückeberg (345.4 m), which from a natural regional perspective counts as part of the saddle; right of the saddle is the plateau of the Northern Vogelsberg Foreland (388 m) The (from a natural region perspective) very narrow, north-south oriented Neustadt Saddle is the lowest part of the Rhine-Weser watershed between the Kellerwald and the Vogelsberg. The Main-Weser Railway crosses it between Stadtallendorf and Neustadt at a height of about , the B 454 federal highway also crosses it at just under . Whilst the Neustadt Saddle forms the actual low point on the ridge between the plateau of the Krückeberg (at the southern end of the Gilserberg Heights) to the north and the Wahlen Plateau (Wahlener Hochplateau, at the northern end of the Northern Vogelsberg Foreland) to the southeast, the Neustadt Saddle natural region also includes the Krückeberg, but not the Wahlen Plateau.
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The Point-class sealift ships are the result of the Strategic Defence Review and are designed by Houlder Ltd for the strategic transport of military cargoes and vehicles in times of need. The UK Ministry of Defence (MoD) has purchased a 22-year charter from Foreland Shipping (previously named AWSR Shipping), who own, operate and crew the ships, utilising them as merchant vessels when they are not required for military service. The small British crews are provided by Foreland Shipping and are required to be sponsored reserves as a condition of service, which means they can be called up to become part of the Armed Forces in times of crisis. The benefits of this is that it guarantees crews in times of crisis, it means crew members can be expected to work under the Armed Forces Act 2006 rather than the Merchant Navy Code of Conduct, and that they would be classed as combatants and be afforded the rights granted under the Geneva Convention.
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Shannon Island () is a large island in Northeast Greenland National Park in eastern Greenland, to the east of Hochstetter Foreland, with an area of . It was named by Douglas Charles Clavering on his 1823 expedition for the Royal Navy frigate HMS Shannon, a 38 gun frigate on which he served as midshipman under Sir Philip Broke. The island is also home to many different types of animals such as polar bears, walruses, ravens, and oxen.
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False Round Point is a point west of North Foreland and south of Ridley Island, on the north coast of King George Island in the South Shetland Islands of Antarctica. The point has appeared on charts since about 1822. It was probably named for its similarity to Round Point, which lies to the west, by Discovery Investigations personnel on the Discovery II who charted the north coast of this island in 1937.
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The West Congolian mobile belt became a foreland basin during the Pan-African orogeny and forms the granitoid Chaillu Massif spanning into the Republic of Congo through Gabon. The massif has a north-south foliation and two generations of granitoids. Gray granodiorite shifts to quartz, diorite, biotite and amphibolite-rich types, cut by veins of pink, potassic migmatite. The Chaillu Massif granitoids are 2.7 billion years old and engulfed pre-existing schist and greenstone.
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She also had 30 European passengers (and eight black women servants). Bad weather forced Elizabeth to put into Cork Harbour. Nine days later she set out again for Madras and Bengal, but continuous heavy gales had repeatedly drove her back up the Channel before managing to anchor on 27 December off South Foreland. Unfortunately, under the strain of the wind and the constant exertion, the cables broke, causing Elizabeth to drift towards the French coast.
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The Mansfield Natural Gas Field is located west of Mansfield, Ohio, within the Appalachian foreland basin. The field is 1.5 miles long by 1.4 miles wide and is in a general oval shape, stretching northward. This field, although small, is an analog for many of the natural gas fields that occur within the Appalachian Basin. It was first discovered by the Pan American Petroleum and Transport Company (now BP) in the early 1930s.
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Scharon Bluff () is a steep rock bluff (1,000 m) on the south side of Tapsell Foreland, Victoria Land. The bluff surmounts the north side of Barnett Glacier, 9 nautical miles (17 km) west of Cape Moore. Mapped by United States Geological Survey (USGS) from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos, 1960–63. Named by Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) for LeRoy H. Scharon, U.S. Exchange Scientist (geophysics) at Molodezhnaya station, winter 1968.
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On 3 September 1940, at 0950 hours pilot officer Richard Hillary was shot down during combat against three Messerschmitts. He landed in the sea near the North Foreland, and was rescued by the Margate lifeboat. His Spitfire (RAF serial number X4277) had burst into flames and he was badly burned. Hillary, the grandson of the founder of the lifeboat service Sir William Hillary, recovered from his ordeal and later wrote the book The Last Enemy.
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Between the mouth of the river and the mouth of the Mzymta is a "sandy depositional foreland", which is approximately in length and wide. The principal tributaries of the Psou are the Besh and the Pkhista. Between 1913 and 1955 there was a hydrological station in operation at Leselidze, roughly upstream of the river mouth. The Psou gained notoriety as a smuggling route out of the country, by- passing Russian controls on the border.
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Such infill is called flysch. When the convergent movement of the two plates results in continental collision, the basin becomes shallower and develops into a foreland basin. At the same time, tectonic uplift forms a mountain belt in the overriding plate, from which large amounts of material are eroded and transported to the basin. Such erosional material of a growing mountain chain is called molasse and has either a shallow marine or a continental facies.
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Near Grassau the Tiroler Achen reaches the Alpine Foreland. The Tiroler Achen finally discharges into the lake of Chiemsee and, thence via the river Alz, belongs to the right-hand river system of the Inn, and the Danube, whose waters eventually reach the Black Sea. Its main tributaries, apart from its headstreams, are the Kitzbühler, Fieberbrunner and , shortly before Kössen the from Reit im Winkl, and in Kössen the and from the lake of Walchsee.
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St. James Day Battle With the Henry as his flagship Harman played a conspicuous part in the St. James's Day Battle on 4–5 August 1666 off the North Foreland of the coast of Kent. The English fleet was commanded in this long battle against the Dutch by George Monck, 1st Duke of Albemarle. The fighting was savage. The admiral Sir George Ayscue was captured and the vice-admiral Sir William Berkeley was killed.
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The foreland basin deposits are overthrusted from the south by the thrustfront of the Alpine nappes. In Switzerland the Molasse Basin is rimmed to the northwest by the Jura mountains, an external fold-and-thrust belt, which can be seen as part of the Alps geologically. The western part of the Molasse basin forms the plateau of the Mittelland between the Alps and Jura Mountains. The Jura Mountains' location is still a topic for debate.
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The Magdeburg Region () is the name of the central region in the state of Saxony-Anhalt in North Germany. It includes the landscape units of Magdeburg Börde, Jerichow Land, the northern Harz Foreland and the Colbitz-Letzlingen Heath. The centre of the region is the city of Magdeburg; other important towns are Haldensleben, Aschersleben, Staßfurt, Oschersleben, Schönebeck (Elbe) and Burg. Towards the east the Elbe-Börde Heath transitions into the neighbouring region of Anhalt-Wittenberg.
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Precambrian Environment in Hainan Island The Shilu Group was composed of siliciclastic and carbonate sedimentary rocks from shallow oceanic rifting environment with low grade metamorphism. Conformably lying above the Shilu Group was the Shihuiding Formation which was generally low-grade, siliciclastic rocks deposited in foreland basin. The sedimentation took place in the period between Late Mesoproterozoic and Early Neoproterozoic. The rocks were then regionally metamorphosed in the late South China Jinningian event.
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This intracontinental basin that has been subsided since the Permian period was formed from the Hercynian foreland basins and accumulated sediments of the Mesozoic era. The basin was formed by a deformation or bulging of the Moho. In the Cretaceous the basin was squeezed by Alpine orogeny which also uplifted the Harz Block. The Northern Harz Boundary Fault was activated in the Early Cretaceous and the Harz was uplifted along the line of the fault.
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Décollements are caused by surface forces, which 'push' at converging plate boundaries, facilitated by body forces (gravity sliding). Mechanically weak layers in strata allow the development of stepped thrusts (either over- or underthrusts), which originate at subduction zones and emerge deep in the foreland. Rock bodies with differing lithologies have different characteristics of tectonic deformation. They can behave in a brittle manner above the décollement surface, with intense ductile deformation below the décollement surface.
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In a fold-thrust belt, the décollement is the lowest detachment (see Fig 1.) and forms in the foreland basin of a subduction zone. A fold- thrust belt may contain other detachments above the décollement—an imbricate fan of thrust faults and duplexes as well as other detachment horizons. In compressional settings, the layer directly above the décollement will develop more intense deformation than other layers, and weaker deformation below the décollement.
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While the Llanos Basin to the southeast experienced a foreland basin setting since the Paleogene, due to the first phases of uplift of the Eastern Ranges, the Cesar- Ranchería Basin was characterised by an intermontane basin setting with forming mountain ranges to the north and southeast; the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta and Serranía del Perijá respectively. Inside the basin, the main compressional movement is dated to this phase, where reverse faults were formed.
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Although much of the region is relatively low-lying it also includes Sudeten Foreland and part of the Sudetes mountain range running along the Polish/Czech border. Popular ski resorts in Lower Silesian Voivodeship include Karpacz and Szklarska Poręba in the Karkonosze mountains. Other important tourist destinations in the voivodeship include the chief city, Wrocław, as well as the towns of Jelenia Góra and Legnica. The town of Boleslawiec is famed for its pottery.
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The Gänseschnabel (a porphyritic rock), c. 1900Hand-coloured photograph The Lange Wand is at the southern approach to the village on the steep bank of the Behre. The geological outcrop which is explained on an information board sheds light on the history of the formation of the Harz Mountains and the Harz Foreland. Well-known natural monuments and walking destinations in the immediate vicinity of Ilfeld are the Gänseschnabel, the Nadelöhr and the Mönch.
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On 8 October 1940 she towed the escort destroyer to safety at Sheerness after Hambledon detonated a naval mine in the English Channel off South Foreland at position and suffered severe damage.uboat.net HMS Hambledon (L 37) In December 1940, Vesper was assigned to duty in the Western Approaches and steamed to the River Clyde. From there, she departed on 19 December 1940 with the destroyers and to provide local escort to Convoy WS 5A.
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In structural assumption 1, the pink layer is assumed to exist above thrust 2 and thrust 3, but in the 2nd assumption, the pink layer is only carried by thrust 2. Detrital records are stored in foreland basin stratigraphy. Within the stratigraphy, the pink layer is correlated to the hinterland pink layer. If we use structural assumption 2, we can interpret that thrust 2 was active about 12 and 5 million years ago.
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Extent of Alpine glaciation during the Würm ice age. Blue: extent of the early ice ages: The term Würm is derived from a river in the Alpine foreland, approximately marking the maximum glacier advance of this particular glacial period. The Alps were where the first systematic scientific research on ice ages was conducted by Louis Agassiz at the beginning of the 19th century. Here the Würm glaciation of the last glacial period was intensively studied.
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The Kinburn Peninsula (, Kinburns'kii pivostriv), a peninsula in Southern Ukraine, separates the Dnieper-Bug Estuary from the Black Sea. Administratively the peninsula is divided between two regions each represented by one rural community: Pokrovske (Mykolaiv Oblast) and Heroiske (Kherson Oblast). The western tip of the peninsula extends into the Kinburn Foreland (spit). To the south are located couple of islands, Dovhyi and Kruhlyi - both belong administratively to the Ochakiv Raion of Mykolaiv Oblast.
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To the north and west are the Western and Eastern Kuppen Rhön, to the northeast is the Eastern Rhön Foreland. In the southeast is the Eastern South Rhön, which as part of the South Rhön and the tertiary level major region of Odenwald, Spessart und Südrhön, is part of the South German Scarplands (a 2nd order natural region). To the southwest is the Southern High Rhön. This is also subordinated to the High Rhön.
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The latter are often called "ice ages" or "glacials", the former term often being confused with the overarching ice age period. The warm periods are called "interglacials". Glaciers repeatedly advanced from the Alps to the northern molasse foreland and left moraines and meltwater deposits behind that are up to several hundred metres thick. Today, the Pleistocene epoch in the Alps is divided into several phases: the Biber, Danube, Günzburg, Haslach, Mindel, Riss and Würm glaciations.
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On arrival at Dover, large crowds came to see the novel ship. Castalia made a trial run between Dover and Calais on 21 July 1875. The voyage had begun at Gravesend with the intention that she would sail to Calais, but the Board of Trade inspector on board ordered her into Dover as she approached the North Foreland. A protruding bolt on the Admiralty Pier at Dover caused some minor damage, which was quickly repaired.
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Anacreon was commissioned under Lieutenant John Simpson in November 1799. On 27 November 1799, the hired armed cutter Kent captured the French lugger privateer Quatre Freres (Four Brothers) five leagues off the North Foreland. Four Brothers was under the command of Citizen Charles Desobier and carried four 4-pounders, swivel guns, small arms, and a crew of 24. She was one day out of Calais and had yet to take any prizes.
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The ANS foreland basin was broken down into three depositional and tectonic sequences that define the deposits and structure of the basin. From the Mississippian to Jurassic a carbonate ramp built out to the south on the passive margin of the Arctic Alaskan Plate. The Arctic Alaskan Plate was then rifted and rotated in the Early to Mid Cretaceous. This rifting created the Barrow Arch that separates the ANS from the Canadian Basin.
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Tectonic subsidence is the sinking of the Earth's crust on a large scale, relative to crustal-scale features or the geoid. The movement of crustal plates and accommodation spaces created by faulting create subsidence on a large scale in a variety of environments, including passive margins, aulacogens, fore-arc basins, foreland basins, intercontinental basins and pull-apart basins. Three mechanisms are common in the tectonic environments in which subsidence occurs: extension, cooling and loading.
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The Waalian interglacial ( or Waal-Interglazial) (Zagwijn, 1960) was an interglacial period in northern Europe that lasted from about 1.45 million to 1.20 million years ago. It thus lies entirely within the Old Pleistocene and is thus part of the Cenozoic. Its name is derived from a major branch of the Rhine delta, the Waal. The Waal warm period could correspond temporally to the Danube-Gunz interglacial of the northern Alpine Foreland.
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Alps relief with the Periadriatic Seam Within the Eastern Alps, the line marks the border between the Central Eastern Alps and the Southern Limestone Alps. In the Western Alps it forms the division between the southern Apulian foreland and the central crystalline zones of the Alps. Continental collision is still going on, with the Apulian and European plates still converging. The central zones of the Alps are rising too, causing vertical slip along the fault.
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The dam was built to provide flood protection and its reservoir collects the waters of the Harz flowing into the southern Harz Foreland via the River Helme and its tributaries. The reservoir lake stores water for irrigation and is used for angling and recreation. Both dam and lake are operated jointly and cooperatively by the Thuringian Long Distance Water Supply (Thüringer Fernwasserversorgung) and the Saxony-Anhalt Dam Company (Talsperrenbetrieb von Sachsen-Anhalt).
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Jelenia Góra valley is the natural foreland of the Karkonosze Mountains. Many places in the valley offer unparalleled views of the mountains. An outstanding feature of the valley is the large number of country seats and locks, for example Mysłakowice, Staniszów and now to Jelenia Góra or Cieplice Śląskie-Zdrój with park and spa. Chojnik, a castle ruin on a foothill of the Karkonosze (Giant) Mountains, overlooks the entire Jelenia Góra valley.
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On 1 August, he was assigned Spitfire R6818 taken on charge by the unit on 26 July. On 12 August, he took off to intercept a raid at 11:30. Climbing to , off North Foreland, the squadron attacked 30 Messerschmitt Bf 109s several thousand feet below them. Evading a German counterattack Finucane dived upon a formation of 12 enemy fighters. He fired from , causing one Bf 109 to crash into the Channel.
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In late 1973 the AWL North Foreland returned from a massive overhaul and refit to bring her up to the standards of the day. These improvements included new radar equipment, echo sounder, radio equipment, air conditioning, improved internal lighting and a once-only self-righting capability. In 1974 the station was fitted with new winching equipment. The boathouse itself underwent some repairs, and repairs and maintenance carried out to the slipway and its pilings.
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New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics. 20(1). pp. 1–15. This foreland has ridges on the eastern and northern sides which face the prominent waves. In other circumstances, spits are formed when long shore drift moves beach material down the beach until the coastline makes an abrupt change in direction, leading to the beach material 'spilling over' the corner to create a protrusion. This normally occurs across a river mouth.
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Dover has two long distance footpaths: the Saxon Shore Way and the North Downs Way. The National Trust White Cliffs can be reached by foot from the town centre, with pathways to South Foreland Lighthouse, and St Margarets Bay along the cliff top . The walking routes from Dover pass the National Trust visitor centre on the landmark chalk cliffs overlooking the English Channel with views of France visible on a clear day.
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Zackenberg Ecological Research Operations is named after the Zackenberg Mountain and lies in the eastern part of King Christian X Land about 2 km inland on the south coast of Wollaston Foreland peninsula at Young Sound in the Greenland Sea, roughly northwest of Ittoqqortoormiit. About southwest of the station lies the high Mount Zackenberg. Daneborg station is about southeast of Zackenberg. Near the Zackenberg Station is the Zackenberg River, part of a fjord with outflow glaciers.
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Wernigerode station Vienenburg station There had been a direct link between Halberstadt, Heudeber-Danstedt and Vienenburg since 1869. This took the shortest distance, but missed out the densely populated Harz Foreland and towns like Wernigerode and Ilsenburg. The spa town of Wernigerode, already important, was able to persuade Berlin, that the Magdeburg-Halberstadt Railway Company was obliged to deliver a roughly nine kilometre long branch line from Heudeber-Danstedt. This was opened on 11 May 1872.
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The Dent Group is a group of Upper Ordovician sedimentary and volcanic rocks in north-west England. It is the lowermost part of the Windermere Supergroup, which was deposited in the foreland basin formed during the collision between Laurentia and Avalonia. It lies unconformably on the Borrowdale Volcanic Group. This unit was previously known as the Coniston Limestone Group or Coniston Limestone Formation and should not be confused with the significantly younger (uppermost Silurian) Coniston Group.
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The next big headland is Foreland Point, after which the path comes to Lynmouth with the Lynton and Lynmouth Cliff Railway linking it with Lynton on the hill above. At Lynmouth the path intersects with the Two Moors Way. The river here suffered a catastrophic flood in the 1950s. Beyond Lynton the path passes through the Valley of Rocks, known for its herd of goats, then Duty Point and Lee Bay, then Crock Point and Woody Bay.
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The Helvetic nappes are thrusted over the Infrahelvetic complex and the external massifs of the Alps (like the Aarmassif or Mont Blanc Massif). In Switzerland, Germany and Austria they are also thrusted over the Molasse basin of the Alpine foreland. In turn, the Helvetic nappes were overthrusted by the Penninic nappes from the south. In Switzerland these have been eroded away at most places but in Germany and Austria they are still covering the Helvetic nappes.
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As Mohamed Ali El-Kebir sank, defended her from further attack and rescued 766 survivors. The ship left Avonmouth on 5 August, escorted by the G-class destroyer . At 2140 hrs on 7 August the convoy was in the Western Approaches about west of Bloody Foreland in Ireland, making a zigzag course at when fired two stern- launched torpedoes at her. One hit Mohamed Ali El-Kebirs starboard quarter, and she started to settle by the stern.
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The Austin Glen Member of the Normanskill Formation is an upper Middle Ordovician unit of interbedded greywackes and shales that outcrops in eastern New York State. It was deposited in a deep marine setting in a foreland basin during the Taconic orogeny. Its sediment source was mainly the erosion of preexisting sedimentary rocks. Graptolite fossils place it in the stratigraphic zones of Nematograptus gracilis and Climacograptus bicornis, but its age could be Llandeilo or Trentonian (earliest to latest Darriwilian, ).
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The second important suture is called the Peri- Pieninic lineament, roughly copying the structure of Pieniny Klippen Belt. This important dislocation divides the Central and Outer Western Carpathians. Deeper under the sediments it constitutes the boundary between the Central Carpathian basement rocks and the foreland – the Bohemian Massif and East European craton (Podolia platform). Since the 1980s the dividing line has been considered the suture of the Vahic Ocean – the Eastern continuation of the Piemont-Liguria Ocean.
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Generally, this zone forms a low-relief plain, gently dipping towards the shelf break which is in about 140 m of water. A drowned barrier reef system forms a rim near the shelf break along the southeastern part of the Gulf.Harris, P.T., Pattiaratchi, C.B., Keene, J.B., Dalrymple, R.W., Gardner, J.V., Baker, E.K., Cole, A.R., Mitchell, D., Gibbs, P., Schroeder, W.W., 1996. Late Quaternary deltaic and carbonate sedimentation in the Gulf of Papua foreland basin: Response to sea-level change.
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In 1552 units under Count Vollrad of Mansfeld of the Schmalkaldic League advanced on the castle. He had invaded the Duchy of Brunswick with around 5,400 landsknechts and 2,100 horsemen and had already devastated towns in the Harz Foreland. The troops fired on the castle with heavy cannon, including large calibre Fürmösers (mortars). Since then Lichtenberg Castle has lain in ruins, its use as a quarry to build the state farm (Staatsdomäne) of Lichtenberg only added to its demise.
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In the Southern Folded Foreland, the folded Paleogene series are unconformably overlain by flat-lying non-marine Miocene and Pliocene strata of the main Ebro Basin. The Ebro Basin deepens towards the South Pyrenean Frontal Fault where it comprises 3000 m of sedimentary infill. This reduces to 1500 m near the thrust front of the Sierra Marginales. The deepest part of the basin with 5000 m of sediments is near Logroño at its most northwestern end.
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The foreland basin was characterized by an approximately 5-km (3.1-mi)-thick Eocene wedge of fluvial-deltaic sedimentation (Misoa Formation), where the most prolific hydrocarbon reservoirs of the Maracaibo Basin are concentrated. Fluvial and shallow-marine sedimentation continued in the south and southwest areas of the Maracaibo Basin. The Eocene unconformity represents the main seal above Eocene reservoirs, but it is locally breached by faulting, allowing the upward ascent of hydrocarbons into Miocene reservoirs at the basin edges.
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During the late Eocene to Oligocene, most of the Maracaibo Basin was sub-aerially exposed and eroded by isostatic rebound that followed the end of the convergence foreland basin phase. This period of rebound and erosion lasted approximately 20 m.y. in the central parts of the basin and is characterized by the loss of hydrocarbons to the surface (Talukdar and Marcano, 1994). Furthermore, biodegradation of oils occurred because of the invasion of meteoric waters into shallowly buried Eocene reservoirs.
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Carpathian Flysch The name flysch was introduced in geologic literature by the Swiss geologist Bernhard Studer in 1827. Studer used the term for the typical alternations of sandstone and shale in the foreland of the Alps. The name comes from the German word fliessen, which means to flow, because Studer thought flysch was deposited by rivers. The insight that flysch is actually a deep marine sediment typical for a particular plate tectonic setting came only much later.
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The mountain region is bounded by the Isar valley in the west, the Inn valley in the east, the Brandenberg Alps (the Rofan) and the Austrian state border in the south. North of the Mangfalls lies the Alpine Foreland. The region has an area of 752.40 km² Handbuch der naturräumlichen Gliederung Deutschlands, Erste Lieferung. Hrsg. im Auftrag der Bundesanstalt für Landeskunde und des Zentralausschusses für deutsche Landeskunde von E. Meynen und J. Schmithüsen, Remagen, 1953, p.
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The Rocas Verdes ophiolites () are a series of greenschists and other rocks constituting ophiolites in Magallanes Region, southernmost Chile. The Rocas Verdes ophiolites represent the continental-oceanic crust that existed in a back-arc basin in the Mesozoic Era as result of extensional tectonics. This back-arc basin then evolved into the Magallanes foreland basin in the Cenozoic Era within the context of the wider Andean orogeny. The main Rocas Verdes ophiolites are the Sarmiento and Tortuga complexes.
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The Low light was visible for , and as such the two lights in line also served to provide a safe line of approach for vessels navigating up the Bristol Channel from the direction of Foreland Point and Minehead. South of this line the High light was 'masked'. In contrast to the fixed light of the Low lighthouse, the High lighthouse displayed an 'intermittent' (i.e. occulting) light (being bright for three-and-a-half minutes, then obscured for thirty seconds).
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Biostratigraphic Series 1. Pretoria, Council for Geoscience. The depositional environment of the Tapinocephalus Assemblage Zone was formed by sedimentary material being deposited in the Karoo Basin (a retro-arc foreland basin) by vast, low-energy alluvial plains flowing northwards from a southerly source area in the rising Gondwanide mountains. The Gondwanides were the result of crustal uplift that had previously begun to take course due to subduction of the Palaeo-pacific plate beneath the Gondwanan Plate.
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Sherfield School is a coeducational independent day & boarding school, located in Sherfield Manor by Sherfield on Loddon in the English county of Hampshire. and set in 76 acres of parkland. It is currently a school of over 400 pupils founded in 2004 by GEMS Education and is operationally managed by the Bellevue Education Group Ltd. Until 2003 the site was the location of the North Foreland Lodge girls boarding school, founded in 1909;Journal of Education, vol.
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Bleak House from Fort Road Bleak House (originally known as Fort House) is a prominent house on the cliff overlooking the North Foreland and Viking Bay in Broadstairs, Kent. It was built around 1801 and then substantially extended, doubling in size, in 1901. The house was the site of the North Cliff Battery and was used as a coastal station for observing maritime activity.Smuggling in Kent, Bridget Ley, Jerold Publishing House and Bleak House, 1990, , p.
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The Gilserberg Heights lie within the counties of Schwalm-Eder-Kreis and Marburg-Biedenkopf, the Neustadt Saddle mainly within Marburg-Biedenkopf and the Northern Vogelsberg Foreland mainly in the Vogelsbergkreis (except for the far northwest where it is part of Marburg-Biedenkopf). Important settlements are Gilserberg in the north, Jesberg on the northeastern edge, Schwalmstadt on the eastern side, Kirchhain on the western boundary, Stadtallendorf and Neustadt in the centre and Homberg (Ohm) and Kirtorf on the southern boundary.
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At that time, in international law Spitsbergen was regarded as terra nullius—rights to mine and extract could be established simply by registering a claim. Bruce's syndicate registered claims on Prince Charles Foreland and on the islands of Barentsøya and Edgeøya, among other areas.Map, . A sum of £4,000 (out of a target of £6,000) was subscribed to finance the costs of a detailed prospecting expedition in 1909, in a chartered vessel with a full scientific team.
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Field photo of the Siwalik sandstone complex taken in the city of Jawalamukhi, Northern India.The Siwalik Group is a coarsening upward siliciclastic succession that makes up the thickest accumulation of detritus derived from the Himalaya in the foreland basin. The deposits are continental, and largely reflect deposition in floodplain, meandering river, and braided river environments. The Siwalik Group has been informally divided into the Upper, Middle, and Lower Siwalik since the early 1900's based on vertebrate fossil markers.
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During this period there was the second Alpine Orogeny, which was as a result of the collision the Arabian and the Eurasian plates at the Mesozoic and Cenozoic border and this resulted in the formation of the Zagros Fold Belt together with the extensive Mesopotamian Foredeep and thus the formation of the foreland Persian basin. In addition to the opening of the Red Sea about ~25 Ma, which resulted in the separation of the African and the Arabian plates.
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In the early morning of 25 July, the Dutch fleet of 88 ships discovered the English fleet of 89 ships near North Foreland, sailing to the north. De Ruyter gave orders for a chase and the Dutch fleet pursued the English from the southeast in a leeward position, as the wind blew from the northwest. Suddenly, the wind turned to the northeast. The English commander, Prince Rupert of the Rhine, then turned sharply east to regain the weather gauge.
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Their guard ship, the Merlin, managed to escape, but they themselves were taken and their cargo of figs and lemons were distributed among the Dutch crews. Tromp could not be satisfied with the result however as the Dutch had missed an opportunity to annihilate the English. On 1 December, he pursued Blake who, however, had already rounded South Foreland again. The wind turned east, which allowed Blake to quickly reach the Thames but slowed the Dutch.
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The Ślęża (; or Zobtenberg, later also Siling) is a mountain in the Sudeten Foreland () in Lower Silesia, from Wrocław, southern Poland. This nature reserve built mostly of granite is 718 m high and covered with forests. The top of the mountain has a PTTK tourist mountain hut, a television and radio mast, church Mary, some poorly-visible ruins of the castle and an observation tower. The mountain and its surrounding region form a protected area, Ślęża Landscape Park.
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On the evening of 9 July U-43 sank the unescorted 3,944 ton British merchant ship Aylesbury about southeast of Ireland. Hit by two torpedoes, the ship sank in 15 minutes. All 35 crew survived. U-43s fourth and final success on her fourth patrol took place on the morning of 17 July when she sank the 3,509-ton British merchant ship Fellside, a straggler from convoy OA-184, about north-west of Bloody Foreland (Cnoc Fola), Donegal.
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The topographic expression of the accretionary wedge forms a lip, which may dam basins of accumulated materials that, otherwise, would be transported into the trench from the overriding plate. Accretionary wedges are the home of mélange, intensely deformed packages of rocks that lack coherent internal layering and coherent internal order.Davis, George H. Structural Geology of Rocks and Regions. (1996). pp583. The internal structure of an accretionary wedge is similar to that found in a thin-skinned foreland thrust belt.
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Much of the geologic structure of the Bay of Biscay is interpreted from seismic profiles. A series of analyses published between 1987 and 1990 found thin layers of Mesozoic and Cenozoic sediments and the Moho around 33 kilometers deep. Different reflections suggested possible thrust sheets related to the Variscan orogeny and signs of foreland deformation down into the mantle. North of La Rochelle the seismic reflection became scattered, marking north-dipping features related to South-Armorican south-vergent thrusts.
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The Rocky Mountain Front in Montana from the Canada–US border south to about Helena is heavily deformed by faulting, folding, and overthrusting.Baron, p. 28. During the Sevier orogeny mountain-building event about 115 and 55 million years ago, what is known as the Cordilleran foreland thrust-and-fold event occurred along the east side of the Rocky Mountains in northwest Montana. The thrust-and-fold belt does not extend all the way south through Montana.
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On the latitude of South Foreland, she then sighted a Barque without lights coming from the opposite direction. Suddenly, the barque sailed upwind instead of sailing downwind, like a sail ship ought to do in these circumstances. As a consequence both ships collided, sustaining damage to hull and rigging without getting leaky. During the night the Adolf put the Gustav in tow till morning, when an English tugboat offered to pull her to the closest harbor.
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Ptolemy describes the northern coast of Ireland, from the Northern Promontory (possibly Bloody Foreland or Rossan Point in County Donegal) in the west, to the Wenniknion promontory (probably Malin Head), the mouth of the river Widwa (probably the Foyle), the mouth of the river Argita (perhaps the Bann) and the Rhobogdion promontory (Fair Head, County Antrim) in the east. The peoples who inhabit the north coast are the Wenniknioi in the west and the Rhobogdioi in the east.
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The presence of these rocks reveal much about the past environment that they were deposited in. They were formed by sedimentary material being deposited in the Karoo Basin - a retro- arc foreland basin - by vast, low-energy alluvial plains flowing northwards from the south. The lowermost deposits are considered to be deltaic and grade laterally into the underlying Ecca Group deposits in its southern localities. Deposits grade steadily younger in the northeast where the sedimentary facies turn fully terrestrial.
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The Großer Gegenstein () can be ascended by means of ladders and steps carved out of the rock. A cross was erected on its summit in 1863 by order of the Prince of Anhalt; it was replaced in 1993. From the summit there are extensive views over the Harz Mountains and its northern foreland. Near the Kleiner Gegenstein () there used to be a site used for driver training purposes by the Gesellschaft für Sport und Technik during East German times.
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The B 4/B 242 Harz high road near Braunlage The Harz is grazed by the A 7 motorway in the west and the A 38 in the south. A four-lane motor road, the B 243 runs along the southwestern perimeter of the Harz via Osterode to Bad Lauterberg. In addition there is a good federal road (the B 6, B 4) from Goslar to Braunlage. The North Harz Foreland benefits from the newly built B 6n.
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The Jochberg is a mountain, high, in the Bavarian Alpine Foreland, the first range of mountains of the Alps in southern Germany. The mountain stands between two large lakes, namely Kochelsee and Walchensee. Due to the striking view of the surrounding Bavarian countryside from its summit, Jochberg is a popular day hike for locals as well as for residents of nearby Munich. The trail is considered easy enough to be enjoyable for all ages, thus adding to its popularity.
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A Bronze Age settlement at the site goes back as far as the Pfyn culture (3900–3500 BC),Schibler, J. 2006. The economy and environment of the 4th and 3rd millennia BC in the northern Alpine foreland based on studies of animal bones. Environmental Archaeology 11(1): 49–65 making Chur one of the oldest settlements in Switzerland. In ancient times, the area of what is today Ticino was settled by the Lepontii, a Celtic tribe.
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The Cardium Formation was deposited during the Turonian and Coniacian stages of the Late Cretaceous along the western edge of the Alberta Foreland Basin. It extends northward from the Canada-United States border to northeastern British Columbia near Dawson Creek, and eastward from the foothills of the Canadian Rockies into the plains of southern and central Alberta. Beyond there, the sandstones grade into shale. Thickness of Cardium sand varies between 5 and 30 meters in Alberta, Canada.
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The Stapenberg is known because of its views of the Brocken, the highest peak in the Harz, and over the northern Harz Foreland between Wernigerode and Heimburg, which are currently visible thanks to logging on the summit. A steeply climbing footpath runs over the hill from the direction of Benzingerode towards the Hermannsweg and Wernigerode Castle or towards Elbingerode (Harz). On the summit is check point no. 33 in the network of walking trails called the Harzer Wandernadel.
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1875 illustration of the fixed optic newly-installed in the two lighthouses. In the 1850s Michael Faraday, scientific adviser to Trinity House, was exploring the feasibility of electric light being used in lighthouses; several different solutions were proposed. In 1857 Frederick Hale Holmes demonstrated his magneto-electric apparatus to Faraday, proposing its use in conjunction with carbon arc lamps. The initial trial was conducted at South Foreland Upper Light, which thus became the first lighthouse to use electric light.
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1945 Ordnance Survey map of Dover, showing the harbour Dover is in the south-east corner of Britain. From South Foreland, the nearest point to the European mainland, Cap Gris Nez is away across the Strait of Dover. The site of its original settlement lies in the valley of the River Dour, sheltering from the prevailing south-westerly winds. This has led to the silting up of the river mouth by the action of longshore drift.
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In February 1917, G96 was one of six large torpedo boats and four coastal torpedo boats that were sent as reinforcements to the German naval bases in Flanders, with the role of supporting submarine operations and carrying out offensive operations against the anti-submarine patrols and merchant shipping in the English Channel. G96 and the other nine torpedo boats arrived in Flanders on 18 February. On 25 February the Germans launched a major raid by the Flanders-based torpedo boats against Allied defences and shipping in the Channel. One group of five torpedo boats (the 1st Zeebrugge half-flotilla - , , , and G96) were to operate against shipping near the North Foreland lighthouse and The Downs, while a second group of six torpedo boats (the 6th Flotilla) were to attack the patrol boats of the Dover Barrage, while three more torpedo boats were to attack shipping off the mouth of the River Maas. G96 s group carried out a brief bombardment of the North Foreland and Margate before withdrawing, hitting a house and killing three civilians but doing little other damage.
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Maarten Tromp Robert Blake On 21 November 1652 Old Style, 1 December New Style, Lieutenant-Admiral Maarten Tromp, again (unofficial) supreme commander after his successor Vice-Admiral Witte de With had suffered a breakdown because of his defeat at the Battle of the Kentish Knock, set sail from the naval port of Hellevoetsluis with 88 men of war and five fireships, escorting a vast convoy of 270 merchantmen bound for France, the Mediterranean and the Indies. At first, unfavourable southwestern gales forced him to return but on 23 November he again sailed south. With the convoy, accompanied by sixteen warships, safely delivered through the Straits of Dover, Tromp turned to the west in search of the English, and on 29 November 1652 he discovered the English fleet of 42 capital ships and ten smaller vessels anchored in the Downs, between the landheads of North Foreland and South Foreland, commanded by General at Sea Robert Blake. After a council of war in which it was decided to avoid battle, the English promptly left their anchorage, sailing south.
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In the Neoproterozoic, the Pan-African orogeny began to form mobile belts across Africa. The Taoudeni Basin in Mauritania, Mali, Algeria, Burkina Faso, Guinea, Senegal and Guinea- Bissau began to form as a foreland basin to the surrounding mobile belts—a process that continued into the Paleozoic. Also known as the Bove Basin further south, the Taoudeni Basin is a slightly dipping sag basin filled with two to three kilometers of clastic sedimentary rocks. The rocks are grouped into three sequences.
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The Alps serve as a watershed for Europe's three major kinds of weather systems that influence Austrian weather. The Atlantic maritime climate from the northwest is characterized by low-pressure fronts, mild air from the Gulf Stream, and precipitation. It has the greatest influence on the northern slopes of the Alps, the Northern Alpine Foreland, and the Danube valley. The continental climate is characterized by low pressure fronts with precipitation in summer and high pressure systems with cold and dry air in winter.
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Alps behind the skyline of Munich Munich lies on the elevated plains of Upper Bavaria, about north of the northern edge of the Alps, at an altitude of about ASL. The local rivers are the Isar and the Würm. Munich is situated in the Northern Alpine Foreland. The northern part of this sandy plateau includes a highly fertile flint area which is no longer affected by the folding processes found in the Alps, while the southern part is covered with morainic hills.
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The Acadian orogeny experienced at least three major phases of deformation, and in places, unconformities were recognized. These phases were called tectophases, and represented the sequence of collisions that occurred from the Avalonian terranes accreting to Laurentia. As a result of these tectophases, deltas developed on the adjacent parts of the stable craton, eastern margin of Laurentia. These deltas are described as foreland-basin, delta-complex clastic wedges, which are responsible for the large volumes of sediment input into the Appalachian basin.
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As collision intensified, subsidence in the foreland basin declined, and sedimentation was replaced by an influx of calcareous silty shales and carbonates. These deposits reflect small transgressive-regressive cycles in a delta-front and delta platform environments. The third stage is represented by regional uplift, which accompanied the collision of an Avalon terrane with a promontory, and subsequently, developed a regional disconformity. The fourth and final stage is represented by tectonic quiescence with a widespread carbonate deposition in a slowly transgressing sea.
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This also trapped the clastic sediments fluxing into the belt, marking its transition from an accretionary wedge to a foreland basin. At the northern Wawa-Abitibi terrane, researchers identified two events of deformation occurred during the orogeny. The first one (D1 deformation event) is the intra-arc deformation accompanied by calc-alkaline magmatism during 2695 Ma. The second one (D2 deformation event) is the transpressive deformation at the margin between the Wawa-Abitibi Terrane and the Wabigoon terranes during 2685-2680 Ma.
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Around 1900, the preservation society built a new tower on the old foundations, with the same hexagonal plan, which today has a wooden viewing platform with a height of about 25 metres. From the observation deck there are good views over the Harz Foreland to the Brocken. Investigations of the castle well showed it to be about 60 m deep and dug by hand. Since 2005, there has been a replica trebuchet, a medieval catapult engine, on the castle site.
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The Kuqa Basin is bounded by the Tarim Basin to the south and the Tian Shan orogenic belt to the north. The Kuqa depression was probably part of the north Tarim continental margin at the Paleozoic time. Under compressive tectonic loading and gravitational loading, the Kuqa depression became an intra-continental foreland basin. The cross-section of the basin is asymmetric and its depositional center lies close to the Tian Shan orogenic belt, the sediment thickness thins towards the Tarim craton.
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The Alpine Foreland, which was formed by ice- age glaciation, is also rich in peatland. The Wurzacher Ried (Haidgauer Regenmoorschild) is considered the largest and best preserved raised bog in central Europe. Other raised bogs and peatland areas include the Federsee, the High Fens on the Germano-Belgian border, the Ewiges Meer near Aurich and the Lengener Meer near Wiesmoor. In 2003, Estonia exported 3.6 million m³ of peat for west European garden use, more than 60% of the state production.
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Even valleys that appear rather insignificant today such as those of the Isar, Loisach and Ammer rivers, were able to produce large tongues of ice when their glaciers were fed by larger ones, such as the Inn Valley Glacier (e.g. via the Fern Pass). By contrast with such large glaciers, quite isolated valleys, such as those of the Iller or the Lech, could only produce much smaller glacial tongues. A further prerequisite for glaciers extending into the Alpine foreland are high mountains.
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The Mezen Basin is a sedimentary basin located in northwestern Russia. It list southeast of the White Sea and bounds the Timanide Orogen to the north and west. The basin is classified as a pericratonic and epicratonic foreland basin within the East European Craton. The Mezen Basin contains the following pre- Vendian sediments: the Ust-Nafta Group with a maximum thickness of 1200 meters, on top of this is rests the Safonovo Group made up of carbonates and siliciclastic sediments reminiscent of flysch.
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On Lützow-Holm Bay's east coast, the bare rocky hill Telen Hill ("frozen crust") stands between Skallen Glacier and Telen Glacier. Kjukevåg Bay indents the coast between the seaward projection of Telen Glacier and the coast just northward, Kjuka Headland ("the lump"), which stands high. Trilling Bay ("triplet bay") sits just north of this. The extensive Skarvsnes Foreland, surmounted by bare rock peaks and indented by several coves, protrudes into the east part of the bay north of Trilling Bay.
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However, if a division into the three main regions Jura Mountains, Swiss Plateau and Alps is considered, the Alpine foreland belongs clearly to the Swiss Plateau. In the southwest, the Swiss Plateau is confined by Lake Geneva, in the northeast, by Lake Constance and the Rhine. Geologically, the Swiss Plateau is part of a larger basin that extends beyond the border of Switzerland. At its southwestern end, in France, the plateau, in the Genevois, ends at Chambéry where Jura and Alps meet.
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The Eine is a river, just under long in the German state of Saxony-Anhalt, which rises southeast of Harzgerode in the Harz mountains at above sea level. The Eine flows north of the B 242 federal road to Friedrichsrode in an easterly direction and then swings northeast into the Harz Foreland. The river channel runs through Alterode, Welbsleben and Westdorf to Aschersleben. The tributaries of the Eine are the Wiebeck, the Leine, the Schwennecke, the Mukarehne and the Langetalbach.
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The house was on the north side of the Royal Mile, behind the 'foreland' on the street front, descending towards the Nor' Loch or Trinity College Kirk passage, was described in 1508 as having hall, chamber and kitchen with lofts and a straight stair running north (called a gallery), over three cellars. The plan was similar to the surviving Moubray House.Inventory of Monuments of in Edinburgh (RCAHMS, Edinburgh, 1951), p. 95. The tenement building plot had belonged to Patrick Frog.
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This foreland system was caused by crustal uplift (orogenesis) that had previously begun to take course due to the subduction of the Palaeo-pacific plate beneath the Gondwanan Plate. This resulted in the rise of the Gondwanide mountain range in what is known as the Gondwanide orogeny. The mountain-building and erosion caused by the growing Gondwanide mountain range was the initial subsidence mechanism acting on the Karoo Basin. Flexural tectonics partitioned the Karoo Basin into the foredeep, forebulge, and backbulge flexural provinces.
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The Taubenklippe is a rock formation in the Harz mountains in the German state of Saxony-Anhalt. It lies about halfway between Bad Harzburg and Ilsenburg at a height of on the eastern slopes of the Ecker valley. From the crag there is a good view over Harz Foreland, the heights near Bad Harzburg and the highest mountain in the Har, the Brocken. The Taubenklippe may be reached from the Ecker valley on a footpath, some 6 km long, that starts in Ilsenburg.
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The last major phase, the Staphanian, caused the majority of faulting and deformation expressed in wrench faults. The accumulation of hydrocarbons in the south was permitted due to the basin that was formed, the foreland basin was barely disturbed by tectonic events in the northern region and eventually sealed up by the salt caps of the Zechstein formation. Since the Caledonian and Variscan orogeny are closely related in time both events helped create Pangea and the Caledonians slowly phase into the Variscan orogeny.
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With the collision being an active ongoing process, it progressively generates weight which resulted a downward flexing of the subducting Indian plate and created an accommodation space to be filled with sediments. The flexural subsidence of the basin is slow as a result of the hard and rigid precambrian basement making a relatively shallow foreland basin. Topographic load exerted from the developing Himalayan mountain range results in the downward flexing of the Indian Plate. Modified from Egan and Williams, Dept.
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The Gangdese batholith intrudes the southern half of the Lhasa terrain. There is evidence that by the end of the Cretaceous the Southern Tibet crust was approximately twice as thick as normal. Clastic sediments found in the terrane were deposited in shallow waters during the Early Cretaceous ( Ma.) In northern Lhasa these sediments formed in the foreland basin created during the Lhasa–Qiangtang collision. They are overlaid by marine limestone from the Aptian-Albian period, deposited in a shallow continental seaway.
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It has about 20 grains with age ~1800 Myr (Paleoproterozoic) and about 16 grains yield age of ~2600 Myr (Archean). Then we can interpret that sediments of Amile formation are mainly derived from the Lesser Himalaya, and rocks yield ago of Paleoproterozoic and Archean are from the Indian craton. So the story is: Indian plate collide with Tibet, rocks of Indian craton deformed and involved into Himalayan thrust belt (e.g. Lesser Himalaya sequence), then eroded and deposited at foreland basin.
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66-69 B. C. Burchfiel, D. S. Cowan, and G. A. Davis, 1992, Tectonic overview of the Cordilleran orogen in the western U. S., in Burchfiel, B. C., Lipman, P. W., and Zoback, M. L., eds., The Cordilleran Orogen: conterminous U. S.: The Geology of North America, Volume G-3, Decade of North American Geology, Geological Society of America, Boulder, p. 407-480. Burchfiel, B. C. and Nakov, R. (2015), The multiply deformed foreland fold-thrust belt of the Balkan orogen, northern Bulgaria.
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By dawn the Dover Coast Guard were reporting that Ross Revenge was abandoned. North Foreland Radio and other coastal stations issued hourly reports warning shipping vessels that Ross Revenge was unmanned and unlit. On 14 December a successful boarding attempt was made, and at approximately 11:00 Peter Chicago (main engineer) regained control of Ross Revenge. He was joined by Tony Collis, who had advised Chicago of rumours of foreign tugs on their way to claim Ross Revenge for salvage.
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The gentle, hilly landscape is divided by the streams Schmutter, Neufnach and Zusam into gently undulating plateaus and flat interfluves. It is part of the Tertiary Hills between the Danube and the Bavarian Alpine Foreland. Nearly half (43%) of the region are forested and the proportion of grassland are high, too. The northern part around Welden is named Holzwinkel, the middle part around Dinkelscherben, Reischenau and the south part (south of the line Thannhausen-Ziemetshausen-Fischach-Gessertshausen-Stadtbergen) are the Stauden.
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The northern foothills province is made up of numerous elongated detachment folds in Mid to Late Cretaceous deposits. The coastal plain is a flat, low relief, area that is covered by Pleistocene deposits lacking structure until the Barrow Arch. The Barrow Arch is a hinge line fault zone that marks a northern high in the ANS. The Barrow Arch runs east to west along the length of the basin and separates the ANS foreland basin from the Canadian Basin to the north.
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As the plate continued to rotate it collided with the island arch chain, initiating the Brooks Range Orogeny. As the Brooks Range uplifted subsidence dropped the carbonate ramp and created a massive amount of accommodation space in the foothills region. Sedimentation couldn't keep up with the subsidence forming a shallow anoxic sea during the Late Cretaceous to Tertiary. These sediments, along with the Mississippian to Jurassic carbonate and shallow marine deposits, form the source and reservoir rock throughout the ANS foreland basin.
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Situated in the Bavarian Alpine Foreland the town stretches from the shores of Ammersee lake to the forested morainic hills of the Saale and Würm glaciation. The town area constitutes of the market town of Dießen (with St. Georgen, Wengen, Ziegelstadel, Bischofsried and Seehof) and the former independent boroughs of Rieden (with Riederau, Bierdorf, Lachen, St. Alban and Romenthal), Dettenschwang (with Oberhausen, Unterhausen, Wolfgrub and Abtsried), Dettenhofen (with Pitzeshofen, Engenried, Hübschenried and Ummenhausen) and Obermühlhausen (with Oberbeuern, Unterbeuern and Schlöglhof).
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The Aquitaine Basin is a very asymmetric foreland basin. It reaches its deepest part of 11 km just in front of the North Pyrenean Thrust. The 2,000 m isobath follows more or less the course of the Garonne River and divides the basin into a relatively shallow northern platform, the so-called Aquitaine Plateau, and into a much deeper, tightly folded, southern region. The tabular platform in the north contains only a much reduced sedimentary succession that is gently undulating and occasionally faulted.
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Glassworks Way) at the Sandgrube, it discharges into the Zillierbach near the forest lodge of Hohne. The artificial ditch drains the water of the Bode and leads it to the catchment area of the Zillierbach- Holtemme, in order to transfer it after 48 km to the Bode in the northern Harz Foreland. Due to a steep gradient and high rate of flow a high (up to 1 m) and wide embankment is needed on the downhill side of the channel.
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The lighthouse from the back, showing the keepers' dwellings. In 1904 the Lower Lighthouse was taken out of commission; the tower was sold and the attached cottage demolished soon afterwards. At the same time a large (first-order) rotating optic was installed in the High Lighthouse (this optic had previously been installed in St. Catherine's Lighthouse). The lighthouse was connected to mains electricity in 1922, whereupon South Foreland Lighthouse became the first to use an incandescent lightbulb as its light source.
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Accessed 8 April 2011. When there is an aquifer present under a cuspate foreland, regulation of water removal is required. At Dungeness, water restrictions have been put in place to maintain the aquifer level. The management of coastlines needs to take into account the natural processes that occur on cuspate forelands since many provide a habitat for birds. Alternative ways of managing coastal erosion is needed, such as the use of ‘soft’ defences instead of high impact defences such as sea walls.
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The limestones with normal marine fauna and thick mudstones with well preserved, burrowing-type molluscs indicate a quiet, relatively shallow shelf environment during the period of deposition. This depositional environment is similar to that of the Singtali Formation. The Subathu contains the oldest Himalayan foreland basin rocks. Near the Krol and Garhwal thrusts in northeastern India, the Subathu Formation exists as a narrow and discontinuous strip, indicating that it has experienced extremely high tectonic shearing and shattering as a result of overthrusting of rocks.
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The distances covered were small; but as the yacht moved about, on some occasions high hills were interposed so that the aerial wires were overtopped by hundreds of feet, yet this was no obstacle to communication. These demonstrations led the Corporation of Trinity House to afford an opportunity for testing the system in practice between the South Foreland Lighthouse, near Dover, and the East Goodwin Lightship, on the Goodwin Sands. This installation was set in operation on December 24, 1898, and proved to be of value.
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The school was founded in 1909 at North Foreland, near Broadstairs in Kent, by Miss Mary Wolseley-Lewis, who at the time was the head of the Francis Holland School in Graham Street, Westminster, SW1. This event came as a shock to the Francis Holland School, especially when its departing head took several girls and members of staff with her. Miss Wolseley-Lewis had herself been educated by Dorothea Beale at Cheltenham Ladies College.Marie Todd, Diary of a Victorian miss on holiday (Hallamshire Press, 1992), p.
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Hadley Point () is the northeast point of Murray Foreland, Martin Peninsula, on the Bakutis Coast of Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica. The point lies southeast of Cape Herlacher. It was mapped by the United States Geological Survey from surveys and U.S. Navy aerial photographs, 1959–67, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names after Richard C. Hadley, U.S. Navy, who wintered at McMurdo Station in 1959 and in other years through 1977, and was in charge of supply functions at McMurdo during the last deployment.
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Matthews Ridge () is a high, mostly snow-covered ridge, long, on the south side of Tapsell Foreland, Victoria Land, Antarctica. The ridge forms the east wall of McElroy Glacier and terminates to the south at Barnett Glacier. It was mapped by the United States Geological Survey from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos, 1960–63, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Jerry L. Matthews, a geologist who worked in the Horlick Mountains, 1965–66, and the McMurdo Station area, 1966–67.
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Singer Glacier () is a glacier flowing east-northeast from Martin Peninsula between Slichter Foreland and Smythe Shoulder into Dotson Ice Shelf, on Walgreen Coast, Marie Byrd Land. Mapped by United States Geological Survey (USGS) from surveys and U.S. Navy aerial photographs, 1959–67, and Landsat imagery, 1972–73. Named in 1977 by Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US- ACAN) after Howard Singer, geophysicist, University of California, Los Angeles, a member of the United States Antarctic Research Program (USARP) winter party at South Pole Station, 1973.
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Geological map of the Hebridean Terrane The Hebridean Terrane is one of the terranes that form part of the Caledonian orogenic belt in northwest Scotland. Its boundary with the neighbouring Northern Highland Terrane is formed by the Moine Thrust Belt. The basement is formed by Archaean and Paleoproterozoic gneisses of the Lewisian complex, unconformably overlain by the Neoproterozoic Torridonian sediments, which in turn are unconformably overlain by a sequence of Cambro-Ordovician sediments. It formed part of the Laurentian foreland during the Caledonian continental collision.
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The IBA is an important breeding site for chinstrap penguins Milosz Point is a low-lying, ice-free cape on the northern coast of King George Island, the largest of the South Shetland Islands of Antarctica. It lies 4.5 km west of North Foreland at the eastern entrance to Venus Bay and the western entrance to Emerald Cove. It has been identified as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because it supports a large breeding colony of about 17,000 pairs of chinstrap penguins.
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Germany (3rd ed.). London: Chatto & Windus, 1972. . or Ore Mountain Foreland () is a strip of countryside of about 200 m to high, in the German state of Saxony, that lies immediately north of the German Ore Mountains and runs mainly through the areas of Zwickauer Land, Zwickau, Chemnitzer Land, Chemnitz, Mittelsachsen and the country south of Dresden. It borders on the Upper Pleißeland to the extreme west, the Ore Mountain Basin in the south and the Mulde Loess Hills to the north and east.
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Towards the east the Huy transitions to the Magdeburg Börde; to the south and southwest it is adjoined by the Harz Foreland and the Harz Mountains. The highest hill, the 314-metre-high Buchenberg, is located about three kilometres southwest of Dingelstedt am Huy, within the municipality of Huy. The Huy Forest (Huywald) is one of the largest, almost pure beech forests of central Europe. On the crest of the Huy lies the Benedictine abbey of Huysburg, which is on the Romanesque Road, and Daneil's Cave.
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After the outbreak of World War II, Wenkhaus enlisted in the military. At the time of his death, aged 24, he was in the aircrew of a Focke- Wulf Fw 200 Condor, a four-engine bomber that specialized in attacks on shipping. Wenkhaus's plane, with identification code F8 MH 0093, was shot down on 31 January 1942, off the coast of Bloody Foreland in County Donegal, Ireland by HMS Genista, a being utilized as a convoy escort vessel. The entire aircrew of six was killed.
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Institute for Nature Conversation stated they are in the process of drafting the protection study Foreland of Danube's Left Bank in Belgrade. The ministry claimed the construction of new port, still on the unknown location, will commence in June 2021. By 2020, Beljarica grew more known to the citizens, becoming more popular recreational area instead of being known only to ecologists and bird watchers. The visitors to the outer parts of the wetland include cyclists, recreational athletes, dog walkers and excursionists (holidays, picnics, etc.).
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Along the western part of the fault, the Harz was lifted by at least 5 to 7 km, which can be estimated from the thickness of the Mesozoic rocks deposited in the Harz Foreland and eroded Paleozoic rocks. The Harz was partly thrust over the layers of Mesozoic rock to the north. Here, the Mesozoic strata were tilted steeply (70-80 degrees) or even overturned. A good example is at the Langenberg Quarry, but there are also many other outcrops that show the steeply sloping strata.
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Laurentia is the North American craton. It is one of the largest and oldest cratons dating back to Precambrian times. The craton itself includes the Canadian and Greenland shields, as well as the interior basin of North America, and the craton can also include the Cordilleran foreland of the Southwestern United States. The craton itself formed in deep time, the early Proterozoic age of the Earth and has stayed coherent since. It formed through many different orogeny’s and the suture zones that they create.
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There are four major phases in this orogenic event. First phase known as the Bretonian reflected in changes in the sediment input and the reactivation of a south plunging subduction zone. The second phase, the Sudetian, was of volcanic event and extrusive metamorphic and igneous rocks with uplift and mild folding of grabens in the vicinity which lead to inversion. The Asturian tectonic phase created fragmentation of the Variscans and its foreland due to the complex fault system of conjugate shear faults and secondary extensional faults.
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The central and southern part of the Apennines has been characterised by extensional tectonics since the Pliocene epoch (i.e. about the last five million years), with most of the active faults being normal in type and NW-SE trending. The extension is due to the back-arc basin in the Tyrrhenian Sea opening faster than the African Plate is colliding with the Eurasian Plate. To the northeast of the Apennine chain, the foreland is in contrast affected by W-E trending strike-slip to oblique-slip faults.
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As the squadron and the convoy passed the Isles of Scilly, Roddam became concerned that they were too close to the land, and gave the signal to tack. Roddam had a second occasion to warn the convoy, when off Dover. Pocock gave the order to lie-to, but Roddam, seeing that some of the convoy were in danger of running onto South Foreland, signalled for the ships to bear away to the Downs. In both instances Pocock deferred to Roddam's judgement, and thanked him for his efforts.
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The Rhenohercynian basin was filled with Devonian and Carboniferous sediments. Sedimentation was often disrupted by tectonic phases, but nevertheless the total thickness of the sediments can in some places be more than several kilometers. When a foreland basin was formed in the Rhenohercynian zone, this was filled with upper Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) flysch and molasse sediments. The Namurian is characterized by flysch, in the Westphalian this gradually grades into molasse and other continental deposits, among which the thick coal layers of the Belgian coal measures.
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Cambrian through Mississippian strata of the Ouachitas were deposited in a narrow, two- sided basin called the Ouachita Trough, which formed as part of a Cambrian failed rift system. Succeeding Pennsylvanian strata of the Ouachitas were deposited in a foreland basin during the early stages of the Ouachita Orogeny. Subduction of the South American Plate beneath the North American Plate resulted in this mountain-building event. Compressional forces caused the crust to buckle, producing complex folds at all scale levels and several overturned sequences.
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In the Cretaceous, ophiolite obducted as the Penjwin-Shlair Complex, the Qulqula Radiolarites and the Khwakurk Series volcanics as the foreland basin witnessed 270 meters of sediment deposition. The Katarash volcanic rocks are indicative of uplift and mantle convection back-arc spreading. The Red Beds Series piled up near the subduction zone, where the Neo-Tethys Ocean crust was being subducted and consumed beneath the Anatolian and Iranian Plates. The Naopurdan Group, Gimo- Qandil Group and Walash Volcanics formed in forearc and back-arc environments.
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The Terek and the Sunzha Rivers flows across the country from west to the east forming broad valleys which forms the foreland region of the country. The highest mountain is Tebulosmta with an elevation of 14,741 feet (4,493 metres), and the Argun river rises here and joins the Sunzha River. The undulating plains of the Nogay Steppe are in the northern part of the country. The habitats are in the mountain ridges, valleys and depressions which form about 33% of the total area of the country.
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On 29 January, the king arrived at Hejls, where Wrangel had not begun his march as of yet. Later that day, a detachment of between 500 and 600 troops were sent to the ice to scout the road to Funen. The force reached the foreland of Iversnæs on the other side of the strait, which was occupied by Danish troops. These had constructed two redoubts and additional fortifications and ordered Danish farmers to create a moat by tearing up the ice close to the shore.
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At the same time, there was rapid uplift of Tian Shan since Himalayan orogeny formed by the collision between Indo-plate and Eurasian Plate. This developed an alluvial-rich delta system around shallow lakes with the clastic sediments influx from uplifted Tian Shan and the northern part of the basin. The animated schematic geological evolutionary map shows the change of facies and the corresponding locations, from Triassic to Paleogene. This showed the basin evolution through three stages: (1) foreland basin from Permian to Triassic.
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12–20 mm per year during most of the Cenozoic. Along the Argentine Northwest the Andean uplift has caused Andean foreland basins to separate into several minor isolated intermontane sedimentary basins. Towards the east the piling up of crust in Bolivia and the Argentine Norwest caused a north-south forebulge known as Asunción arch to develop in Paraguay. The uplift of the Altiplano is thought to be indebted to a combination of horizontal shortening of the crust and to increased temperatures in the mantle (thermal thinning).
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At the latitudes between 17 and 39° S the Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic development of the Andean orogeny is characterized by an eastward migration of the magmatic belt and the development of several foreland basins. The eastward migration of the arc is thought to be caused by subduction erosion.Charrier et al. 2006, p. 21. At the latitudes of 32–36° S —that is Central Chile and most of Mendoza Province— the Andean orogeny proper began in the Late Cretaceous when backarc basins were inverted.
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Whilst they were hemmed in by the high mountainsides of the Alps, once these rivers of ice entered the foreland they often combined to form huge glaciers. The moraines and gravel beds formed in the Würm glaciation are the best preserved, because since then there have been no more similar geological processes. Traces of the ice sheet have not been scoured out by later glaciers or overlaid by their sediments. This allows a more precise dating for the Würm glaciation than for earlier ice ages.
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In 1853 he demonstrated the ability of electro-magnetic generators to provide continuous current to power arc lighting and in 1856 patented a magneto to power an arc light for lighthouses which he demonstrated to Michael Faraday at Blackwall in 1857. His experiments with alternating current arc lighting at South Foreland Lighthouse in 1857-60 were the subject of a lecture by Michael Faraday at the Royal Institution. One of Holmes' generators built in 1867 and used at Souter Lighthouse is displayed at the Science Museum, London.
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Hetzel, R., Tao, M., Niedermann, S., Strecker, M. R., Ivy‐Ochs, S., Kubik, P. W., & Gao, B. (2004). Implications of the fault scaling law for the growth of topography: Mountain ranges in the broken foreland of north‐east Tibet. Terra Nova, 16(3), 157–162. Multiple wind gaps can be formed from a single river if there is continuous lateral fold growth and the river keeps being deflected, by abandoning its earlier channel and forming a new one around the outside of the developing fold.
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The Magallanes Basin (predominantly used in Chile) or Austral Basin (mainly used in Argentina) is a major sedimentary basin in southern Patagonia. The basin covers a surface of about and has a NNW-SSE oriented shape. The basin is bounded to the west by the Andes mountains and is separated from the Malvinas Basin to the east by the Río Chico-Dungeness High. The basin evolved from being an extensional back-arc basin in the Mesozoic to being a compressional foreland basin in the Cenozoic.
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The Harz mountains are located in the south-west, comprising the Harz National Park, the Harz Foreland and Mansfeld Land. The highest mountain of the Harz (and of Northern Germany) is Brocken, with an elevation of 1,141 meters (3,735 ft). In this area, one can find the towns of Halberstadt, Wernigerode, Thale, Eisleben and Quedlinburg. The wine-growing area Saale-Unstrut and the towns of Zeitz, Naumburg (Saale), Weißenfels and Freyburg (Unstrut) are located on the rivers Saale and Unstrut in the south of the state.
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Following a sedimentary break or unconformity, the Singtali and Subathu formations were deposited as foreland basin sediments in the Garhwal Outer Lesser Himalaya during the Late Cretaceous to Middle Palaeocene. Both formations can be found overlying the Tal Formation in an extremely complex structural setting including isoclinal overturned folding and multiple thrusting events. In addition, with the similarities of the lithology as well as depositional environment, it is sometimes quite difficult to distinguish between the Singtali and Subathu Formations. The main difference discussed in the following is related to the tectonic events during their deposition.
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As granite formed, secondary rocks were only affected by slight contact metamorphism. The rest of the molten rock with its ore-containing fluids formed pegmatite, as well as veins of ore and minerals – the basis of the medieval mining industry and early industrialisation of this region. During the Upper Carboniferous and Lower Permian (Rotliegendes) large quantities of rock debris were deposited in intramontane basins and onto the foreland of the mountain range. These basins were formed by extensional tectonics which were accompanied by an intermediate to acidic volcanism.
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Fortenberry Glacier () is a glacier on the north side of Tapsell Foreland in Victoria Land, Antarctica. It flows north into Yule Bay east of Ackroyd Point. It was first mapped by the United States Geological Survey from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos, 1960–63, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Lieutenant Ralph M. Fortenberry, U.S. Navy, Medical Officer at McMurdo Station, Hut Point Peninsula, Ross Island, 1960. The glacier lies situated on the Pennell Coast, a portion of Antarctica lying between Cape Williams and Cape Adare.
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Exmoor's woodlands sometimes reach the shoreline, especially between Porlock and Foreland Point, where they form the single longest stretch of coastal woodland in England and Wales. The Exmoor Coastal Heaths have been recognised as a Site of Special Scientific Interest due to the diversity of plant species present. The scenery of rocky headlands, ravines, waterfalls and towering cliffs gained the Exmoor coast recognition as a heritage coast in 1991. With its huge waterfalls and caves, this dramatic coastline has become an adventure playground for both climbers and explorers.
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Marconi set up an experimental base at the Haven Hotel, Sandbanks, Poole Harbour, Dorset, where he erected a 100-foot high mast. He became friends with the van Raaltes, the owners of Brownsea Island in Poole Harbour, and his sailing boat, the Elettra, was often moored on Brownsea or at the Haven Hotel when he was not conducting experiments at sea. In December 1898, the British lightship service authorized the establishment of wireless communication between the South Foreland lighthouse at Dover and the East Goodwin lightship, twelve miles distant.
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Carabobo is one of the four fields in the Orinoco Oil Belt. Located on the southern border of the East Venezuela Basin, the Orinoco Oil Belt extends 375 miles along the Orinoco River in the eastern part of Venezuela. The East Venezuela Basin is a foreland basin south of a fold belt formed from the progressive collision of the Caribbean plate and the passive margin of northern South America. Thrust faults associated with the fold belt resulted in the burial of Cretaceous and possibly older source rocks into the thermal window for oil.
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The Rustom production filmed on location in Kent in April 2016 for the romantic montage where Rustom (Akshay Kumar) and Cynthia (Ileana D'Cruz) visit England including The Chequers Inn pub in Aylesford, Canterbury, Maidstone, Leeds Castle, Dover seafront and South Foreland Lighthouse. The Historic Dockyard Chatham also features for the naval port and ship scenes. Akshay Kumar and Twinkle Khanna were sent legal notices for auctioning the costume worn by Kumar to portray the role of a naval officer. They were accused of "playing with the sentiments" of armed forces.
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The Cenozoic platform (German: ) comprises Tertiary and Quaternary rocks. It is also known as the "unconsolidated rock" level because, due to their young age, the Cenozoic sedimentary rocks have often not experienced intensive diagenesis and are therefore often not cemented. Because the youngest deposits in an uplifted area are removed first, the Cenozoic platform deposits occur extensively only in young Cenozoic subsidence areas in the Central European Blocks region. The largest continuous outcrops are the Upper Rhine Graben with the Mainz Basin and the Molasse Basin (Alpine foreland trough).
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Things changed when she sank the Nils Gorthan north northeast of Malin Head (the northernmost tip of the island of Ireland), on the 13th. After the patrol, she docked at Lorient in occupied France, on 18 August. The boat's eighth patrol included an attack on the Volendam about west of the Bloody Foreland (northwest Ireland) on 31 August 1940. The ship survived a hit from a torpedo, but while she was being docked prior to repairs being carried out, a second, unexploded torpedo was discovered lodged in the vessel's hull.
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Jacobsen Head () is an ice-covered headland forming the northeastly point of Slichter Foreland, Martin Peninsula, on the Walgreen Coast of Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica. It was first delineated by the United States Geological Survey from air photos taken by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump in January 1947, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names after Commander Glen Jacobsen, U.S. Navy, captain of the icebreaker on the 1954–55 reconnaissance cruise to Antarctica to examine sites for use as science stations during the 1957–58 International Geophysical Year.
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Campanile with the Atlas plaque thumb The building of the Berlin Wall in August 1961 led over the following decades to heavy damage to the Church of the Redeemer. The barrier along the border between the East German Democratic Republic (GDR) and West Berlin was built straight across the lot of the church property and the campanile was used as part of the protective wall of concrete. The church nave stood in the foreland between wall and border. In spite of these circumstances, regular services were still held in the church until Christmas Eve 1961.
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The adjacent Silesian Lowland includes the Silesian Lowlands and the Silesian-Lusatian Lowlands. These two lowlands are separated with each other by Dolina Kaczawy, and from the Sudetes by a steep morphological edge located along the Sudeten Marginal Fault, extended from Bolesławiec (the Northwest) to Złoty Stok (the Southeast). The southern part of the Lowland includes The Sudeten Foreland, consisting of quite low Wzgórze Strzegomskie, , Grupa Ślęży (Mount Ślęża, ), and Wzgórza Niemczańsko- Strzelińskie (Gromnik Mountain, ). Lower hills occur also in areas of Obniżenie Sudeckie, Świdnik, and Kotlina Dzierżoniowska.
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Whitecliff Bay is a sandy bay near Foreland which is the easternmost point of the Isle of Wight, England, about two miles south-west of Bembridge and just to the north of Culver Down. The bay has a shoreline of around and has a popular sandy shingle beach which is over half a mile long. It is a tourist site with three holiday parks in the vicinity of the bay; it has two cafes though minimal facilities. Access is limited and only possible down two steeply sloping concrete tracks.
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The densely wooded Hube lies immediately northeast of the town of Einbeck, with its pretty, timber-framed houses, west of the River Leine and north of the Ilme valley. Although the ridge, which measures some 8.5 x 5.5 kilometres, is west of the Leine it is counted as part of the southwestern Harz Foreland in Germany's official natural regional classification. The highest elevation on the Hube is the Fuchshöhlenberg with its transmission mast at 346.2 m. About 150 metres southeast of the tower is the highest point of the actual summit.
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The Caledonides are 900 kilometers long and 120 kilometers wide and is dominated by a series of thrust sheets, on top of Precambrian allochthon formations. Tectonic shortening at the margin of the ancient continent Baltica produced the Lower Allochthon, Middle Allochthon and Upper Allochthon as well as the Seve Nappes. Prior to tectonic shortening, the margin of the continent extended 400 kilometers further west. The Lower Allochthon is made up of foreland fold-and-thrust belt rocks and contains slabs of Precambrian crystalline rock and clastic sedimentary and limestone cover rocks.
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Susitna River is on the North side of Cook Inlet North-East of North Foreland. Mount Susitna, a prominent landmark along the upper part of the inlet, is about West of the Susitna River at a point above the mouth. The channels across the flats at the mouth of Susitna River have depths of or less at low water and change during the winter and spring because of ice and freshet action. The channels above the mouth are said to change frequently in the spring and early summer.
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The Ebro Basin was a foreland basin that formed to the south of the Pyrenees during the Paleogene. It was also limited to the southeast by the Catalan Coastal Ranges. It began as a fully marine basin with connections to both the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, before becoming an endorheic basin during the Late Eocene. In the Miocene the basin was captured by a precursor to the Ebro river and the new drainage system that developed eroded away much of the basin fill, except for resistant lithologies, such as the conglomerates at Montserrat.
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Langdon Cliffs to South Foreland Lighthouse Langdon Bay is a bay in east Kent, England. It is two miles east of the town of Dover, and is named after the nearby villages of Langdon, East Langdon and West Langdon. The cliffs around it are known as the Langdon Cliffs. A prominent zig-zag path down the cliff- face is visible from the sea but no longer connects the beach with the cliff- top, the only means of exit from the beach being a return on foot to St Margaret's Bay.
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Lithostratigraphy of the Posidonia Shale in Germany Black Shale strata from Holzmaden Posidonia slate - outcrop of the Black Jura near Hetzles The Posidonia Shale is part of the so-called Southern German Cuesta Landscape, with the strata referred to being the principal representative of the Lower Jurassic layers in the foreland area of the Swabian and Franconian Alps, where it is one of the dominant layers of the Liassic deposition.Kuhn, O., & Etter, W. (1994). Der Posidonienschiefer der Nordschweiz: Lithostratigraphie, Biostratigraphie und Fazies. Eclogae geologicae Helvetiae, 87(1), 113–138.
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In a continental collision, a subducting tectonic plate pushes on the plate above it, making the rock fold, often to the point where thrust faults form, and a mountain chain rises. On the upper plate, the land between the mountains and the undeformed continent bends downward, forming a foreland basin. If the basin forms slowly, as in the northern Appalachians, it fills with shallow-water sediments. If it forms rapidly, as in the east side of the North American Cordillera, then sea water may rush in, and the first sedimentary deposits are deep water deposits.
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If a cliff is defined as having a slope greater than 60 degrees, the highest cliff on mainland Britain is Great Hangman near Combe Martin at high, with a cliff face of . Its sister cliff is the Little Hangman, which marks the edge of Exmoor. Exmoor's woodlands sometimes reach the shoreline, especially between Porlock and The Foreland, where they form the single longest stretch of coastal woodland in England and Wales. The Exmoor Coastal Heaths have been recognised as a Site of Special Scientific Interest due to the diversity of plant species present.
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After World War I, Seymour had played his golf as a North Foreland Golf Club amateur and took his first professional position at Rochester and Cobham Golf Club in early 1922. In 1924 he moved to St Leonards-on-Sea where he stayed until resigning in 1931. He was unattached for a short period and moved to Scotland, joining Crow Wood Golf Club, Glasgow in 1932. He moved to Bonnyton Moor Golf Club in early 1936 before leaving in 1937 to be work in a shop, teaching and selling golfing equipment.
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This is part of their programme to replace all the mercury floated rotating lens systems in their lighthouses with static LEDs. Lynmouth Foreland had always been an unpopular posting among lighthouse keepers, not least because (due to its position on a steep north-facing slope) the isolated compound never sees the sun except during the three months of high summer. The lighthouse keeper's cottage is now a National Trust holiday cottage. Porpoise and sea birds can be spied from its windows, and deer often shelter in the combe down to the lighthouse.
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The Ilse then rushes through the narrow Ilse valley, hemmed in to the east by the rugged, cross-topped Ilsestein, passes by Ilsenburg into the Harz Foreland, flows through Veckenstedt, Wasserleben, Osterwieck and Hornburg and discharges into the Oker near Börßum together with the Schiffgraben from the Großes Bruch. Its total length is around . Local folklore personifies the river as the beautiful Princess Ilse, who has her home in the rocks of the Ilsestein. The Ilse is mentioned in literary works such as the Die Harzreise by Heinrich Heine.
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Décollement horizons may be at depths as great as 10 km and form due to high compressibility between differing rock bodies or along planes of high pore pressures.Ramsay, J, 1967, Folding and Fracturing of Rocks, McGraw-Hill Typically, the basal detachment of the foreland part of a fold-thrust belt lies in a weak shale or evaporite at or near the basement. Rocks above the décollement are allochthonous, rocks below are autochthonous. If material is transported along a décollement greater than 2 km, it may be considered a nappe.
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Madeira Airport is a geographically unusual airport, as it is perched on a foreland jutting out to sea. At the end of runway 05, there lie hills and cliffs which make a direct ILS approach and landing unavailable. Instead aircraft have to do a visual approach which involves flying around the airport, then snaking around in a ~150° turn before lining up on a very short final approach. The airport's 05 end of the runway ends with a cliff with a motorway leading to the airport terminal below it.
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The Kamelfelsen consist of hardened sandstone, which also has very soft and crumbly sections. This rock formation, like the well-known Teufelsmauer, was created as a result of the formation of the fault-block mountains of the Harz and the earth movements in the northern Harz Foreland resulting from it. Like the nearby Teufelsmauer, the Königstein is a "rib" of harder rock (Schichtrippe) from the Lower Cretaceous. The Königstein was first placed under protection as a geological feature in 1932 and has been registered as a natural monument since 1997.
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Union of the Orinoco with the Caroní River Encompassing the states of Anzoategui-Guarico and Monagas states, the Interior Range forms the northern boundary and the Guayana Shield the southern boundary.Prieto, R., Valdes, G., 1992, El Furrial Oil Field, In Giant Oil and Gas Fields of the Decade, 1978–1988, AAPG Memoir 54, Halbouty, M.T., editor, Tulsa: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Maturin forms the eastern subbasin and Guarico forms the western subbasin. The El Furrial oil field was discovered in 1978, producing from late Oligocene shallow marine sandstones in an overthrusted foreland basin.
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The Daptocephalus Assemblage Zone is located only in the upper Balfour formation and lower Normandien formation east of 24°E. These formations all fall within the Adelaide Subgroup of the Beaufort Group, sediments of which were formed in a large retroarc foreland basin in south-western Gondwana. The biozone is subdivided into the lower Daptocephalus-Theriognathus subzone and the upper Lystrosaurus-Moschorhinus subzone. This satisfies the appearance of Lystrosaurus maccaigi below the Lystrosaurus Assemblage Zone boundary, and the disappearance of the lower subzone taxa Theriognathus, Dicynodon, and Procynosuchus delaharpeae.
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At the time of sedimentary deposition, the Karoo retroarc foreland system was in an overfilled phase, and purely terrestrial sediments occupied the Karoo Basin at this time. Two fining-upward sequences are observed in the sedimentary stratigraphy of Daptocephalus biozone, bounded by a second-order subaerial unconformity. These sedimentary rocks comprise greenish-grey mudrock with siltstone lenses in the lower to middle sections of the biozone, which are indicative of a low-energy fluvial environments with meandering rivers. It is in these rocks that fossils are most commonly found.
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The Winnipegosis Komatiite Belt is located in the Superior Boundary Zone, in Manitoba, Canada, adjacent to the Thompson Nickel Belt. The Superior Boundary Zone lies along the northwestern margin of the Archaean Superior Craton, and forms the eastern foreland of the ~1.8 billion year old Trans-Hudson Orogen. The Trans-Hudson Orogen was a continental collision that formed following the closure of the ancient Manikewan Ocean. It resulted in the juxtaposition of the Superior Craton with the amalgamated Rae and Hearne Cratons, and a number of continental fragments, including the Sask Craton.
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On 3 September 1939 Griffin was in Alexandria and still assigned to the 1st Destroyer Flotilla. In October she was transferred to home waters. On 7 October she was escorting the troopship from Avonmouth bound for Gibraltar when the German submarine torpedoed the troopship in the Western Approaches about west of Bloody Foreland in Ireland. 96 people were killed but Griffin attacked and chased away the submarine with depth charges and then rescued 766 survivors, whom she landed at Greenock on the Firth of Clyde on 9 October.
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To the west and southwest are the Graz Highlands. To the south are the East Styrian Hills, and to the southeast is South Burgenland – The latter already forming part of the Southeast Alpine Foreland, facing the Pannonian Plain. The highest points of this region, with its Mittelgebirge character are the summits of the Wechsel massif – such as the Hochwechsel (1,742 m), Herrenstein (1,448 m) and Hochkogel (1,314 m) – the Wildwiesen (1,254 m), the Masenberg (1,261 m) and the Rabenwaldkogel (1,281 m). The region is drained by the Feistritz and Lafnitz rivers.
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The Thanet Offshore Wind Project, near North Foreland, began operating in September 2010. The project is expected to have a total capacity of up to 300 MW which, on average, is sufficient to supply approximately 240,000 homes with green energy. The project will thus make a significant contribution to the government's national and regional renewable energy targets. Thanet Earth is the largest greenhouse development in the UK, covering an area of 91 hectares with 7 greenhouses each the size of 10 football pitches producing cucumbers, tomatoes and peppers all year.
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Börden extend from the North German geest to the perimeter of the German Central Uplands and consist of loess that has been predominantly deposited by east winds. In some places the loess lies over boulder clay (on the rivers Weser, Leine and Oker), in others over Mesozoic and Tertiary sedimentary rocks (in the Hellwegbörden and the foreland of the Harz Mountains). The loess layers are up to 10 metres thick and tend to attenuate differences in relief. In the (sub-)oceanic climatic region the loess has been largely decalcified and loamified.
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The Austral (or Magallanes) Basin, is located on the southwestern end of the South American Plate and it is bordered to the south by the Scotia Plate covering an area of approximately . In the studied area, the Austral Basin underwent three main tectonic stages: (i) a rift stage; (ii) a thermal subsidence stage; and (iii) a foreland stage. The rifting stage is related to the break-up of Gondwana, grabens and half- grabens were formed and filled with volcaniclastic and volcanic rocks intercalated with epiclastic sediments of the El Quemado and Tobífera Formations.Santamarina et al.
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Throughout the Cretaceous, the basin experienced thermal subsidence and five transgressive-regressive cycles as part of a marine megacycle. In the Paleocene, the rate of subduction increased causing the marginal Colombian Sea to close and the Baudo-Island Arc to collide with the South American continent. This caused accretion of the Western Ranges and uplift of the Central Ranges transforming the back-arc basin into the pre-Andean foreland basin. Around the time of the Oligocene, the Nazca plate increased its subduction to the east while the South American plate experienced a westward pull.
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Despite the presence of gas seeps along the Himalaya, and over 70 years of hydrocarbon exploration, no commercially viable hydrocarbon fields have produced from the foreland basin succession. Exploration wells have been drilled in the Indian, Pakistani, and Nepalese portions of the basin. Most of the drilled wells intersecting the Siwalik Group (Upper, Middle, and Lower Siwalik) indicate poor source rock potential. Organically-rich Subathu Formation samples in the form of coal show total organic content levels up to 80%, suggesting the Subathu Formation (and correlative units) may have source rock potential.
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The Rhenohercynian basin disappeared when the continent Gondwana collided with Laurussia in the course of the Carboniferous period (the Hercynian orogeny). The sedimentary rocks in the basin were thrust in a series of piggyback basins over the northern foreland (the London-Brabant Massif). These rocks now form the folded sequences of Cornwall, the Ardennes, the Eifel and the Harz. From the Frasnian age (380 million years ago) the mafic volcanism ended, and the basin came locally under compressional stress, which led to folding and thrusting in the sedimentary rocks.
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A flute cast, one of many sedimentary structures found in the Book Cliffs The Book Cliffs are one of the world's best places to study sequence stratigraphy. In the 1980s, Exxon scientists used the Cretaceous strata of the Book Cliffs to develop the science of sequence stratigraphy. The Book Cliffs have preserved excellent strata of the foreland basin of the ancient Western Interior Seaway that stretched north from the Gulf of Mexico to the Yukon in the Cretaceous time. Components of deltaic and shallow marine reservoirs are very well preserved in the Book Cliffs.
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The oldest known polar bear fossil is a 130,000 to 110,000-year-old jaw bone, found on Prince Charles Foreland in 2004. Fossils show that between 10,000 and 20,000 years ago, the polar bear's molar teeth changed significantly from those of the brown bear. Polar bears are thought to have diverged from a population of brown bears that became isolated during a period of glaciation in the Pleistocene from the eastern part of Siberia (from Kamchatka and the Kolym Peninsula). The evidence from DNA analysis is more complex.
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The upward coarsening sequence of the sediments obviously exhibit the time-history in the evolution and growth of the Himalaya during the early Tertiary time . The Sub Himalayan zone is the 10 to 25 km wide belt of Neogene Siwaliks (or Churia) group rocks forming the topographic front of the Himalaya. It rises from the fluvial plains of the active foreland basin, and this front generally mapped as the trace of the Main Frontal Thrust (MFT). The Siwaliks Group consists of upward- coarsening successions of fluvial mudstone, siltstone, sandstone, and conglomerate.
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The valley of the Starzel, called "Killertal" in its upper course (view up the valley). From the front the villages Killer, Starzeln and Hausen im Killertal, all districts of Burladingen. Cut bank near Hechingen-Stein with border outcrop between Jura and Keuper] From the White Jurassic to the Muschelkalk the Starzel passes through all layers of the Jurassic and about two thirds of the Triassic. Its valley was formed by retrograde Erosion, in that the stream from the northwest cut deeper and deeper into the strata of the Swabian Alb and its foreland.
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The technology was the predominant form of light source in lighthouses from the 1900s through the 1960s, when electric lighting had become dominant. The first electrically illuminated lighthouse was the tower at Dungeness, Kent in 1862. It was powered by a large carbon arc lamp, although it was later converted back to oil, as the arc lamps were difficult to operate (needing twice the number of keepers) and were not as cost-effective as oil lamps. South Foreland Lighthouse was the first tower to successfully use an electric light in 1875.
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The principal landmarks on the Isle are the North Foreland, and all the bays around the coastline, the principal ones of which are Minnis Bay, Palm Bay, Botany Bay, Joss Bay, and Pegwell Bay: the latter being part of the estuary of the River Stour. In 2007, seven of those beaches met stringent quality standards and were awarded as Blue Flag beaches: Minnis Bay, Botany Bay (Broadstairs), Margate Main Sands, St Mildreds Bay (Westgate), Stone Bay (Broadstairs), West Bay (Westgate), and Westbrook Bay. In 2008, this had risen to 10 beaches.
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The Kirkuk Group, which hosts the large Kirk oil field, deposited during these transgression-regression cycles in the Oligocene. The Jeribe and Serikagni formations and the Dhiban Anhydrite mark continued transgressions into the Miocene. The Fatha and Ghar formations appeared in the Middle Miocene, with recurring lagoon conditions, before the Injana Formation foreland basin marked the end of marine deposition. The Mukdadiyah and Bai Hassan formations include 2.5 kilometers of conglomerate formed during the Alpine orogeny (the combined 354 meter Dibdibba and Zahra formations emplaced on the quasiplatform).
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Blake may have not realised how large the Dutch fleet was, or he may have feared to become trapped like the Spanish had some years earlier in the Battle of the Downs. The wind was now strong from the northwest, so the English could not return to the Downs in any case, having to settle for Dover. The English fleet swiftly rounded South Foreland while the Dutch were unable to reach them, both fleets anchoring in the evening at about five miles distance. During the night a storm dispersed some Dutch vessels.
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U-147s third and final patrol began on 24 May 1941. A week later, she torpedoed the British freighter Gravelines northwest of the Bloody Foreland (western Ireland), which broke in two and was declared a total loss; the forward part of the ship was towed to the Clyde and scrapped. On 2 June U-147 encountered convoy OB 239 north-west of Ireland and attacked alone (a decision which historian Clay Blair described as "bold"). She damaged one ship (Mokambo) before being sunk with all hands by convoy escorts, the destroyer and the corvette .
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Philemon Bacon (died 1 June 1666) was a captain in the Royal Navy, was made a lieutenant in 1661, and in 1664 was advanced to be captain of the Nonsuch. In 1665 he commanded the Oxford, a ship of the fifth rate, in the Battle of Lowestoft on 3 June with the Dutch off Lowestoft. The following year he was in the Bristol, and led the van when the English and Dutch fleets engaged off the North Foreland at the St. James's Day Battle on 1 June. Bacon died early in the battle.
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The ridge, which runs from northwest to southeast at heights between 400 and 700 metres, is a fold mountain range consisting of limestone, slate and dolomite. In the west the Bober separates the range from the Jizera Mountains and Jizera Foreland; to the north are the Katzbach Foothills; to the east the Raging Neisse / Nysa Szalona forms the boundary. In the southeast, the Katzbach Mountains merge into the Waldenburg/Walbrzyskie Highlands. To the south, the Landeshut Ridge / Rudawy Janowickie and Jelenia Gora Valley form the transition to the Giant Mountains.
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The Idaho-Wyoming Thrust belt is located south of the Teton fault and is a region of thick and deformed crust that prevents the fault from extending farther south. The Rocky Mountain Foreland is located east of the Teton fault and is a region of thicker crust. This section of crust is heavier and adds to the vertical downward force on the hanging wall of fault. The Yellowstone volcanic plateau is a region of uplift and expansion that influences both vertical and horizontal forces on the Teton fault.
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Alabama State Oil and Gas Board; Coalbed Methane Resources of Alabama (PDF) The coalbed methane is produced from the Pennsylvanian Pottsville Coal Interval.Alabama State Oil and Gas Board; Fields & Pools Database The Black Warrior basin was a foreland basin during the Ouachita Orogeny during the Pennsylvanian and Permian Periods. The basin also received sediments from the Appalachian orogeny during the Pennsylvanian. The western margin of the basin lies beneath the sediments of the Mississippi embayment where it is contiguous with the Arkoma Basin of northern Arkansas and northeastern Oklahoma.
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The outlet glacier tongues of the plateau glacier flowed to the north as far as down to Lake Issyk Kul (Lake) at 1605 (1609) m asl calving in this 160 km long lake. In the same way, strong glaciation was in excess of 50 km wide in the high mountain area of the Kungey Alatau, connecting north of Issyk Kul and stretching as far as the mountain foreland near Alma Ata. The Kungey Alatau is 230 km long. Down from the Kungey Alatau the glacial glaciers also calved into the Issyk Kul lake.
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The Alhambra resembles many medieval Christian strongholds in its threefold arrangement as a castle, a palace and a residential annex for subordinates. The alcazaba or citadel, its oldest part, is built on the isolated and precipitous foreland which terminates the plateau on the northwest. All that remains are its massive outer walls, towers and ramparts. On its watchtower, the 25 m (85 ft) high Torre de la Vela, the flag of Ferdinand and Isabella was first raised as a symbol of the Spanish conquest of Granada on 2 January 1492.
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Tourism is very important to the Harz, although the prevalence of cheap air travel has led to a decline in recent years. There are many spa towns, and almost every village in the Harz and Harz Foreland caters to tourists. Well-known destinations are the Harz National Park and the Brocken, as well as the historic towns on the edge of the Harz. Concepts like the Western town, Pullman City Harz, or the rock operas on the Brocken are intended to also be particularly attractive to foreign tourists.
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The Heydaer Berg, located at the southern end of the Reinsberge and northeast end of the Heydaer Berg, lies between Schmerfeld to the northeast, Heyda to the southeast, Martinroda to the southwest and Neusiß to the northwest. It is about 4 kilometres long and a maximum of about 1 kilometre wide. Its southern continuation is the Veronikaberg (552.2 m) which rises adjacent to the Reinsberge to the south. The hill is a muschelkalk formation and lies on the southeast boundary of the Ohrdruf Plateau facing the Paulinzella Foreland.
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The oldest rocks in Texas date from the Precambrian, specifically the Mesoproterozoic and are about 1,600 million years old, and mark the southern limit of the North American craton. These rocks are mostly buried beneath Phanerozoic sediments, but are exposed in the Llano area, where previous Precambrian igneous and metamorphic rocks were uplifted and exposed at the surface. The Fort Worth Basin which lies beneath Cretaceous sediments west of Dallas formed as a foreland basin during the Ouachita orogeny. Horizontal shortening caused flexural isostasy to bend the lithosphere.
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The bent lithosphere to the west of the Ouachita mountains caused a bowl-shaped depression to form, known as a foreland basin, preserving the Mississippian sediments of the Barnett Shale and other Paleozoic sediments; these sediments mostly formed before the Pangeic collision. Significant deposits of hydrocarbons such as natural gas have economic importance as is seen in formations like the Barnett Shale. Pangea started to break up during the Triassic ≈225Ma. Rifting affected regions which became the central Atlantic (between North America and Africa) and the Gulf of Mexico at about the same time.
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Dates and locations of prehistoric Swiss cultures Some evidence of metal working has been found in the region between Lake Constance and Lake Zürich from about the time period of the Pfyn culture. Unfortunately most of the metal comes from isolated finds and so is poorly dated. However, a copper wire and dagger from the Pfyn era were found at Reute in Appenzell Ausserrhoden as well as crucibles and casting spills. Intensification of pig farming occurred during the Pfyn culture in the eastern part of the Alpine foreland.
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In contrast to the Central Eastern Alps north of the Periadriatic Seam, the geology of the Southern Alps is not characterized by nappes. Neither are high grade metamorphic rocks common in the region. The Southern Alps are tectonically characterized by large scale thrusting and folding to the south, the dominant vergence (direction of fold asymmetry) in the region is southward. As is also the case in the southern foreland of the Pyrenees, thrusts in the Southern Alps are oriented along listric fault planes with relatively shallow decollement horizons.
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The Brunswick Southern Railway () was built by the Duchy of Brunswick State Railway as a link from its Brunswick–Bad Harzburg railway to the Hanoverian Southern Railway. It ran through the northwestern Harz Foreland from Börßum via Salzgitter, Ringelheim and Seesen to Kreiensen. It opened on 5 August 1856 and was one of the oldest railways in Germany. In 1956 a shorter link to Brunswick was built in the shape of the Brunswick–Salzgitter Bad railway and with this line was connected through to the Brunswick–Kreiensen railway.
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The Straight Cliffs Formation is latest Turonian to early Campanian in age.Szwarc, Tyler S., Johnson, Cari L., Stright, Lisa E., McFarlane, Christopher M., In revision, Interactions between axial and transverse drainage systems in the Late Cretaceous Cordilleran foreland basin: Evidence from detrital zircons in the Straight Cliffs Formation, southern Utah, USA: GSA Bulletin, September 2014 The stratigraphy of the formation was initially studied for its coal resources and has more recently been studied as an analog for petroleum reservoirs. Consequently, the stratigraphy of the Straight Cliffs has been analyzed in detail.
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Meyer and Elsasser then used a Friedrichshafen FF.33 to down a FBA off Zeebrugge for his fifth confirmed victory. Karl Meyer became the German Naval Air Service's first flying ace, and one of the few German two-seater aces. On 1 February 1917, using a Rumpler D.I, Meyer drove a Sopwith Pup down into captivity at Bredene; the captured machine was subsequently given German markings. A Rumpler D.1 On 21 April 1917, Meyer and his observer, Oberflugmeister Kastner, were credited with bringing down Airship C.17 east of North Foreland, England.
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In 1898, Marconi began tests of ship-to-shore communication between Trinity House Lighthouse, Dover, Kent, England and the East Goodwin lightship. In 1899, South Foreland Lighthouse at St. Margaret's Bay, Dover was used by Guglielmo Marconi to receive the first international transmission (from Wimereux, France). Dover received the first ship-to-shore message (from the East Goodwin lightship) and the first ship-to- shore distress message (when a steamship ran into the same lightship, and the lighthouse relayed the message up the coast to the Walmer lifeboat).
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London: Methuen, p. 32. . is part of a succession of ice age geological landforms, known as a glacial series. It is a hollow that is left behind by the ice mass, as the snout of the glacier (German: Gletscherzunge) recedes, which initially fills with meltwater, forming a proglacial lake, and later may be filled with surface water from streams or precipitation. When the glacier has more fully retreated this produces a finger lake or glacial piedmont lake (German: Zungenbeckensee, known as a Gletscherendsee of the glacial series in the Alpine Foreland).
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The Alice Springs Orogeny disentombed the Arunta Inlier during mainly south-directed thrusting.Flöttmann, T., Hand, M. Close, D. Edgoose, C. & Scrimgeour, I. 2004. Thrust tectonic styles of the intracratonic Petermann and Alice Springs Orogenies, Central Australia. In: McClay, K (ed.) Thrust Tectonics and Hydrocarbon Systems, Memoir No 82, American Association of Petroleum Geologists Sediment was eroded off the rising mountain belt to result in the deposition of thick foreland sediments which became incorporated into the remaining relics of the former sedimentary basin, becoming the Amadeus, Georgina and Ngalia basins that are preserved today.
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There were two guns called "Jane" and "Clem" and there were also the two famous ex-Navy BL 14 inch Mk VII naval guns called "Winnie" and "Pooh". They originally came from the battleship . The parish church suffered a direct hit from German guns located in Calais but the only damage was the destruction of a window dedicated to John Knott, lighthouse keeper of South Foreland Lighthouse. Sir Peter Ustinov was stationed in the village during the Second World War, and bought a house on the cliffs after the war.
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In 1730 one William Knott began a period of service as lighthouse keeper at the Lower Lighthouse. Over the next 175 years five generations of the Knott family would serve as lighthouse keepers at South Foreland, making them 'probably the longest dynasty of keepers anywhere in the world'. In 1793 the Upper Lighthouse was rebuilt with an oil lamp and parabolic reflectors in place of the brazier; the Lower Lighthouse was similarly rebuilt two years later (as a two-storey building, whereas the Upper Lighthouse was three storeys). John Yenn was the architect.
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Sedimentary fill for the basin come from the hanging wall ramp of the older thrust sheet, from the foreland orogeny or from the sides of the basin. Drainage into the basin may come from highs associated with the thrust sheets or the basin may be filled from longitudinal flows across the basin. The Po Basin of Italy and the Ebro Basin of Spain were the example basins used to initially describe the tectonics and occurrence of piggyback basins. The Tannheim-Losenstein basin in the Eastern Alps is also a piggyback basin system.
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Braithwaite served with both the 3rd and 10th Escort Groups earning battle honours for service in the North Atlantic, English Channel, Normandy 1944, North Foreland and the North Sea. On 3 February 1945 the was sunk in the North Sea north-west of Bergen, in approximate position , by depth charges from the frigates Braithwaite, and . Forty-eight German sailors were killed, and there were no survivors. On 14 February 1945 was sunk off the Faroe Islands, in position by depth charges from the frigates Braithwaite, Bayntun, Loch Eck and .
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The Early Tertiary geology of the Indian Lesser Himalaya conforms well with the classic foreland basin model. In Late Cretaceous times, this area of the northern region of the Indian Plate finally became submerged after a long period when sub-aerial conditions had dominated. This resulted in deposition of the marine Singtali Formation. A possible explanation for this event is that ophiolites such as the Spontang ophiolite were obducted onto the Indian Plate Zanskar continental shelf in the Campanian or Maastrichtian, resulting in downward displacement and flexure of the Indian Plate hundreds of kilometres to the south.
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In the Lesser Himalayan early foreland basin, palaeohighs, which are resulted from basement fault reactivation, may have been located in the west between the load to the north and the marine Subathu basin to the south. This would result in shallowing towards, and reduced sedimentation on the palaeohigh, which coupled with the probable distal nature of the basin, therefore, explaining the thin sequences of the western intermediate structural level localities. After suturing, fluvial facies are overlying the marine Subathu Formation. It is associated with the uplift of HImalaya and regression of sea in the Late Eocene.
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After the Reichsbahner strike in September 1980, traffic was stopped. With the Siemensdamm and Rohrdamm stations on the U7 underground line, which opened in October 1980, Siemensstadt had an alternative to the Wernerwerk and Siemensstadt stations. In August 1995, the section of the route between the district border to Spandau and the Gartenfeld station was listed. In 2005, when the Charlottenburg lock was built, the Spree was relocated, partially removing the railway embankment between the junction of the ring railway and the southern bank of the Spree and demolishing the foreland bridge of the Spree bridge.
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The origin of the ancient town Kuldīga can be explained by its location on the crossroads: the waterways of River Venta and land routes joining the Prussian lands with the lower reaches of River Daugava. The ancient Kuldiga town of Couronians – a fortified castle mound and a settlement were located 3,5 km to the North down the River Venta on its left bank. The castle mound can be observed nowadays still. It is located on a bank of the River Venta on the foreland between the deep gully of the River Veckuldīga and the ancient valley of the Venta.
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Born in Clifton, Bristol, she was the eldest of four children of William Wyamar Vaughan (a maternal first cousin of Virginia Woolf and later headmaster of Rugby) and Margaret "Madge" Symonds, daughter of John Addington Symonds. At the time of her birth he was an assistant master at Clifton College. She was educated at home, and later at North Foreland Lodge and Somerville College, Oxford, where she studied medicine under Charles Sherrington and J. B. S. Haldane. She did her clinical training at University College Hospital, London, where she worked in London's slums and saw firsthand the effects of poverty on health.
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It affects mainly eastern Austria. Mediterranean high-pressure systems from the south are characterized by few clouds and warm air, and they influence the weather of the southern slopes of the Alps and that of the Southeastern Alpine Foreland, making them the most temperate part of Austria. One peculiarity of the Mediterranean weather systems is the föhn wind, a warm air mass that originates in the African Sahara and moves north rapidly, periodically raising temperatures up to in a short period of time. Many people respond to this rapid weather change with headaches, irritability, and circulatory problems.
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Po near source in the western Alps The Po Valley and the Adriatic overlay a foreland basin and a system of deeply buried ancient canyons surviving from the tectonic collision of an offshore land mass, Tyrrhenis, with the mainland, an incident within the collision of the African and Eurasian plates. Since the Messinian (7–5 mya) the system has been filling with sediment mainly from the older Apennines but also from the Alps. The shoreline of the Adriatic depends on a balance between the sedimentation rate and isostatic factors. Until about 1950 the Po delta was prograding into the Adriatic.
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Structure and features of a compressional décollement. Horizontal shortening of the thin-skinned sediments lying above the detachment fault due to tectonic convergence must accommodate this horizontal shortening and has done so by the formation of major thrust faults with large displacement, the largest of which is the Lewis Thrust. The thrust sheets involved in the Canadian Rocky Mountain foreland thrust and fold belt consist of different aged strata indicative of significant deformation over time. The dominant structure of the deformational belt is a series of thrust faults, which are mostly listric and north-easterly or easterly verging.
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The city of Roermond lies above the Roer Graben, which forms the southeastern part of the Lower Rhine Graben (or Lower Rhine Embayment). These structures form part of the European Cenozoic Rift System, which formed within the foreland of the Alpine orogeny. The Roer graben formed during the Paleogene and is currently active as shown by the thickening of Quaternary sedimentary rocks into the basin. The graben is bounded by NW-SE trending normal fault systems, with the largest fault being the southwest-dipping Peel Boundary Fault, which displaces the base of the Quaternary sequence by about 175 m.
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Jane Benham was a major figure in development of the Trust's work, personally carried out much of the administration and served as First Mate of the Thalatta. In this endeavour, she worked closely with John Kemp, founder of the Trust, master mariner and author; and his wife, Monica Kemp. The programme was dubbed 'A Week in Another World'. During their stay on board the schoolships, children and their accompanying teachers or youth leaders explored the east coast within the area North Foreland in the south to Orfordness in the north, living on board and working the vessels under sail.
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The chance of fossilisation is higher when the sedimentation rate is high (so that a carcass is quickly buried), in anoxic environments (where little bacterial activity occurs) or when the organism had a particularly hard skeleton. Larger, well-preserved fossils are relatively rare. Burrows in a turbidite, made by crustaceans, San Vincente Formation (early Eocene) of the Ainsa Basin, southern foreland of the Pyrenees Fossils can be both the direct remains or imprints of organisms and their skeletons. Most commonly preserved are the harder parts of organisms such as bones, shells, and the woody tissue of plants.
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Medicine Rocks is part of the Fort Union Formation, a geologic unit containing coal, sandstone, and shale in Montana, Wyoming, and other adjacent states.Schalla and Johnson, Montana/Alberta Thrust Belt and Adjacent Foreland, 2000, p. 104. About 61 million years ago, near the start of the Paleocene Epoch and during the late Zuñi sequence, a freshwater river crossed what is now eastern Montana, flowing southeast into a prehistoric sea whose boundary was near far northwestern South Dakota (possibly the remains of the Western Interior Seaway).Fletcher, Bradshaw, Axline, and Shope, Montana's Historical Highway Markers, 2008, p. 195.
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At the northern margin of the Ebro Basin close to the Sierras Marginales, for example, folded Oligocene is covered unconformably by flat-lying, detrital Miocene of continental origin. This points to another deformational phase at the end of the Oligocene about 25 million years ago. After the beginning of the Miocene, the uplifted orogen underwent severe erosion, expressed by enormous molasses being shed into the foreland basins such as for example the Aquitaine Basin. In the Pliocene, a renewed uplift started, leading to the formation of huge alluvial fans at the mountain front, a notable example being the Lannemezan alluvial fan.
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Bofors guns at a South Coast LAA battery, August 1944. Soon after D-Day, the Germans began launching V-1 flying bombs against London by day and night. The stream of V-1s, codenamed 'Divers' flew through 2 AA Group's area between Newhaven and North Foreland, and the AA resources in SE England were strongly reinforced in Operation Diver. These small, fast-moving targets flying at 2–3000 feet were essentially LAA targets, but the early results against them were poor, even with LAA guns interspersed with the searchlight belt where S/L Control (SLC or 'Elsie') radar could guide the guns.
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The construction of the Wendelstein Railway was the vision of privy councillor (Geheimer Kommerzienrat), Dr. h.c. Otto von Steinbeis, an industrialist, who was involved in forestry and agriculture in the alpine foreland as well as logging in Bosnia on a grand scale and built, in parallel with that, an extensive light railway (Kleinbahn) network. In 1908 he published his plans and on 4 February 1910 Prince-Regent Luitpold signed the concession deed for the construction of the Wendelstein Rack Railway. The original long route, running from Brannenburg over the eastern flank of the mountain, has seven tunnels, eight galleries and twelve bridges.
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The active tectonic setting of petroleum in Venezuela is complex. Several tectonic belts that include volcanic-arc, fore-arc, and back-arc basins are found offshore of the Venezuelan margin. A west-to-east lounging pattern of thrusts and lateral ramp faults and foreland basins onshore (Babb and Mann, 1999; Mann, 1999) were produced by diachronous oblique convergence between Caribbean arc terranes and the South American continental margin from Late Cretaceous (western area of Colombia) to the present (eastern area of Trinidad). This ideal combination of tectonic and stratigraphic events yielded one of the most prolific petroleum systems in the world.
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This uplift is responsible for an increase in subsidence by the end of the Cretaceous that resulted in deposition of thick marine shale of the Colon Formation during the Maastrichtian. During the late Turonian–Campanian, the La Luna Formation was deposited in a shelf-slope setting under anoxic conditions. The La Luna Formation became the main source rock of northwestern South America. In the late Paleocene and early to middle Eocene, the Caribbean plate and the northwestern margin of South America produced a complex foreland wedge filled by clastic sediments in the northeastern part of the Maracaibo Basin.
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During the early Eocene, oblique collision between the Caribbean and South American plates formed an asymmetric wedge of fluvial-deltaic Eocene rocks that were deposited in a foreland basin (Lugo and Mann, 1995; Escalona and Mann, 2006a). Cretaceous source rocks were buried to depths of in the north-northeastern part of the Maracaibo Basin and reached the oil window. A pull-apart basin controlled by reactivated Jurassic north-northeast–striking faults formed in the central Maracaibo Basin (Icotea subbasin; Escalona and Mann, 2003b). Strike-slip faults provided vertical pathways for hydrocarbon migration from Cretaceous source rocks (La Luna Formation) to Eocene reservoir sands.
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Igneous activity formed tonalite, granite and basalt between five and 25 kilometers depth, while volcanoes were active on the surface. Volcanic clasts in the Molasse Zone of Upper Bavaria and Salzburg evidence the presence of the volcanoes, which subsequently eroded. The eastern part of the Northern Calcareous Alps was part of an alluvial river plain, which explains the crystalline pebbles now located on high plateaus. The area by the edge of the Alps was pushed down by the weight of the orogenic wedge, forming a foreland basin, which flooded around 34 million years—becoming the inland Molasse Sea from France to Central Asia.
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The largest central European raised bog areas are the southern North Sea coastal area and the Alpine Foreland. As in North America there is a succession of raised bog types along the line of descent towards the ocean, from northwest to southeast. As a result of peat use, raised bogs have been harvested for peat and cultivated, apart from a few remnants (less than 10% of the original area). The largest contiguous raised bog in central Europe was the Bourtange Moor, which originally covered an area of about 2,300 km² including the Dutch portion, but only small sections remain.
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Lake Constance () refers to three bodies of water on the Rhine at the northern foot of the Alps: the Obersee or Upper Lake Constance, the Untersee or Lower Lake Constance, and a connecting stretch of the Rhine, called the Seerhein. These waterbodies lie within the Lake Constance Basin (), which is part of the Alpine Foreland and through which the Rhine flows. The lake is situated where Germany, Switzerland, and Austria meet. Its shorelines lie in the German states of Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg, the Swiss cantons of St. Gallen, Thurgau, and Schaffhausen, and the Austrian state of Vorarlberg.
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Quaderni del Parco Nazionale del Gargano, 48 pp., Foggia. The Apulia Platform, which is part of the stable and relatively undeformed foreland of the Apennine thrust belt, is bounded on both sides by basinal deposits; westward the margin is buried under the Apennine thrust sheets, to the east the adjacent paleogeographic domains are the vast Ionian Basin to the south and the Umbria-Marche Basin to the north. To the west, the Apulia Platform plunges downfaulted underneath the terrigenous sediments of the Apennine foredeep; to the southeast, the Jurassic–Early Cretaceous margin lies 20–30 km offshore from the present Apulia coastline.
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In the Riss stage, too, there were several advances of the ice sheet, so that it can be divided into interstadials (ice retreats) and stadials (ice advances), and at least one hitherto unnamed warm period. "Text" The present-day division differs from the original Penck classification. The beginning of the Riss ice age, according to the 2002 Stratigraphic Table of Germany, was the end of the Holstein interglacial (known as the Mindel-Riss interglacial in the Alpine Foreland and corresponding to the Samerbe, Thalgut, Praclaux and La Côte). Its end is the start of the Eem interglacial (Riss-Würm interglacial).
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It is thus roughly contemporaneous with the Saale glaciation of the North German glacial sequence. The Riss is paralleled by MIS 6, 8 and 10, which would therefore place it about 350,000 and 120,000 years ago. Excluded from the Riss glaciation is the so-called Old Riss (Ältere Riß), the time of the greatest ice advance in the Alpine region: today it is referred to as the Haslach- Mindel complex (in Bavaria and Austria), Hoßkirch complex (in Baden- Württemberg) or Great Glaciation in Switzerland. The classification of ice ages in Switzerland varies from that used in the Bavarian and Austrian Alpine Foreland.
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The Alleghanian orogeny or Appalachian orogeny is one of the geological mountain-forming events that formed the Appalachian Mountains and Allegheny Mountains. The term and spelling Alleghany orogeny was originally proposed by H.P. Woodward in 1957. The Alleghanian orogeny occurred approximately 325 million to 260 million years ago over at least five deformation events Bartholomew, M.J., and Whitaker, A.E., 2010, The Alleghanian deformational sequence at the foreland junction of the Central and Southern Appalachians in Tollo, R.P., Bartholomew, M.J., Hibbard, J.P., and Karabinos, P.M., eds., From Rodinia to Pangea: The Lithotectonic Record of the Appalachian Region, GSA Memoir 206, p. 431-454.
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Accessed on 28 Nov 2010. or Harznordrand Thrust (Fault).Nielsen, Ole (2008). Salt tectonics at my.opera,com. Accessed on 28 Nov 2010. The northern edge of the Harz is oriented in a Hercynian (WNW-ESE) direction and runs from Neuekrug- Hahausen via Langelsheim, Goslar, Bad Harzburg, Ilsenburg, Wernigerode, Blankenburg, Thale and Gernrode to the area of Ballenstedt. The Northern Harz Boundary Fault forms the southern border of the Northeast German Basin, a part of the Central European Basin. The Subhercynian Basin, also known as the Harz Foreland, is a small sub-basin of the Northeast German Basin.
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South Foreland marks the south-western limit of St Margaret's Bay (named after the village of St Margaret's at Cliffe). It is the geological counterpart of Cap Blanc Nez ( cape white nose), at the northern extremity of the Boulonnais in the French département of Pas-de-Calais. The two are the landward ends of the fiercely cleft Strait of Dover land bridge and their chalk geological stratum dictates the route of the Channel Tunnel. Geologists have theorised that much of the erosion was river erosion from the extended Rhine and numerous southern North Sea channels discharging through the Strait of Dover.
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The Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone is located in the lower portion of the Teekloof Formation west of 24°E, in the upper Middleton Formation and lower Balfour Formation east of 24°E. These formations all fall within the Adelaide Subgroup of the Beaufort Group, sediments of which were formed in a large retroarc foreland basin in southwestern Gondwana. The sedimentary rocks are mainly sandstone, mudrock layers containing mudstone, siltstone, and fine sandstone. The sandstones are thought to have been deposited in broad alluvial plains where low-sinuosity streams flowed, while the mudrock accumulated on the floodplains that flanked these streams.
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Daneborg on 2008-08-12 Location of Daneborg Station within Northeast Greenland National Park Daneborg (or Daneborg Station) is a station on the south coast of Wollaston Foreland peninsula of northeast Greenland, at the mouth of Young Sund emptying into Greenland Sea. Daneborg serves as the headquarters for the SIRIUS Patrol, the dog sled patrollers of the Northeast Greenland National Park, the largest national park in the world. The number of persons at the station is few and varies considerably from summer to winter. Daneborg is the most populated of stations in the park, with an over-wintering population of 12.
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The Andes orogeny took place during the Cenozoic. Rifting and strike-slip faulting in weak Cretaceous magmatic arc rocks was reactivated with the collision of the South America and Nazca plates around nine million years ago. Uplift began around seven million years ago in the Sierra Pampeanas, a group of reverse fault-bounded Precambrian and Paleozoic rocks in the central Andes foreland basin. To the south, in Tierra del Fuego, turbidites accumulated in the basins formed in the late Cretaceous, producing the Paleocene Rio Claro Group, the Eocene La Despedida Group and the Oligocene Cabo Domingo Group.
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The north of the Northern Vogelsberg Foreland is, in the immediate vicinity of the Neustadt Saddle, dominated by an entirely cleared plateau up to 388 metres high, around the villages of Wahlen, Arnshain und Gleimenhain in the borough of Kirtorf. Here there are various wind farms, the views extend in good weather as far as e.g. the Hoher Meißner, 70 kilometres away to the northeast, and is unbroken in almost all directions of the compass. In the northwest lies the forest of Herrenwald which barely reaches in height, near Stadtallendorf, the south is also largely wooded.
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Exterior view of the apse Frescoes in the interior of the apse The church Santo Stefano di Sessano is all that remains of the village of Sessano, located on the rocky foreland to the east of the village of Chiaverano, which may have been abandoned after a landslide. The 11th-century building has the characteristic features of the Romanesque churches in the area, such as the belltower in the center of the façade. The actual building has a single nave three bays and an end apse. The sacristy was added to the apse during the Baroque period.
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Rivers that enter the Timor Sea from the Northern Territory include Fish River, King River, Dry River, Victoria River and the Alligator Rivers. Rivers in the Kimberley region that flow into the Timor Sea include the Ord River, Forrest River, Pentecost River and Durack River. The sea is about wide, covering an area of about . Its deepest point is the Timor Trough (which some geologists consider is the south-eastern extension of the Java Trench, but others view as a foreland trough to the Timor Island "mountain range"), located in the northern part of the sea, which reaches a depth of .
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Dryland conditions have continued since the end of the Cretaceous, through the Cenozoic and the Laramide orogeny uplifted the Rocky Mountains through the Eocene. Wyoming has numerous Laramide orogeny-related thrust faults, which form the Wind River Range, Bighorn Range and Laramie Range, with more ductile sedimentary rocks folded over Precambrian igneous rocks at the core of each range. This foreland deformation is particularly visible in Clarks Fork Canyon, the Beartooth Range and the Gros Ventre Range. Large quantities of oil and gas are held beneath the anticline formations formed by the west dipping, low angle faults of the overthrust belt.
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Born in Osterwieck, Voigt was the son of Stadtmusikus' C. C. Voigt from the town of Osterwieck in the northern Harz foreland. At the age of seven years, he went in 1776 to his maternal grandfather, the town musician J. G. Rose in Quedlinburg, who gave him private piano and violin lessons until 1780. The death of his father and grandfather forced Voigt to look for other possibilities of musical education, whereby his stepfather also supported him. In 1785 Voigt found a position as violinist at the Great Concert, the later Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra, in the fair city of Leipzig.
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Serbian Carpathians The western end is marked by the (northern) Vienna Basin, separating it from the Eastern Alpine Foreland. The adjacent hilly landscape of the Lower Austrian Weinviertel region with its extensive loess layers border on the limestone rock formations of the South-Moravian Carpathians. In the Czech Republic, the depression is situated on the outskirts of the White Carpathians in Moravia, including the Pálava Protected Landscape Area. In Poland they stretch along the Lesser Poland Voivodeship to the Podkarpackie Voivodeship, part of the Galicia historic region that leads to Ukraine (Lviv, Ivano- Frankivsk and Chernivtsi Oblast) and the Dniester Basin.
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St James' Day Battle (also known as St James' Day Fight, the Battle of the North Foreland and the Battle of Orfordness) took place on 25 July 1666 — St James' day in the Julian calendar then in use in England (4 August 1666 in the Gregorian calendar), during the Second Anglo-Dutch War. It was fought between fleets of England, commanded jointly by Prince Rupert of the Rhine and George Monck, 1st Duke of Albemarle, and the United Provinces commanded by Lieutenant-Admiral Michiel de Ruyter. In the Netherlands, the battle is known as the Two Days' Battle.
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The regions immediately east of the Andes experience a series of changes resulting from the Andean orogeny. Parts of the Sunsás Orogen in Amazonian craton disappeared from the surface of earth being overridden by the Andes. The Sierras de Córdoba, where the effects of the ancient Pampean orogeny can be observed, owe their modern uplift and relief to the Andean orogeny in the Tertiary. Further south in southern Patagonia the onset of the Andean orogeny caused the Magallanes Basin to evolve from being an extensional back-arc basin in the Mesozoic to being a compressional foreland basin in the Cenozoic.
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A few days later, Deere was promoted to the rank of flying officer and the squadron, having flown more sorties than any other during July, was sent back to Catterick for a rest. No. 54 Squadron returned to Hornchurch on 8 August 1940 and flew an uneventful patrol later that day. On 12 August, Deere, while leading the squadron, pursued and shot down a Bf 109 that broke up his section's attack on a group of bombers off the Kent coast, near North Foreland. While returning to Hornchurch, he encountered a group of Me 110s, one of which he shot down.
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There have been differing views among geologists on the tectonic and paleogeographic position of the Puncoviscana Basin in relation to the events of the Pampean orogeny. The Pampean orogeny is believed by some geologists to be associated with the accretion of a "Pampia Terrane" to the Río de la Plata Craton, resulting from the closure of a sea that existed in-between. This sea would have been the Puncoviscana Basin. Víctor Ramos proposes instead that the Puncoviscana Basin was a foreland basin located west of a "Pampia block" that collided with Río de la Plata Craton.
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Foreland Shipping Limited is a company formed for the express purpose of building and owning the Point class sealift ships. The six original ships were for the purpose of providing a transport capability to the British armed forces in times of emergency, but in normal circumstances four vessels were engaged on MoD related activities and two were operated as commercial ships. The crews are part of the naval reserve and are under military discipline when required for service by the UK government.House of Commons: Defence Committee, "Strategic lift: eleventh report of session 2006-07", House of Commons papers, HC 462, p.
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Evolution of the Fort Worth Basin and Bend Arch structures are critical to understanding burial histories and hydrocarbon generation. The asymmetrical, wedge-shaped Fort Worth Basin is a peripheral Paleozoic foreland basin with about of strata preserved in its deepest northeast portion adjacent to the Muenster Arch and Ouachita structural belt. The basin resembles other basins of the Ouachita structural belt, such as the Black Warrior, Arkoma, Val Verde, and Marfa Basins that formed in front of the advancing Ouachita structural belt as it was thrust onto the margin of North America. Thrusting occurred during a late Paleozoic episode of plate convergence.
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The entire part of North and South Dinajpur is silt laden plain. Category:Landforms of West Bengal Category:Plains of India Formation History of North Bengal Plain: The North Bengal Plain is developed by the deposition of both the Ganga-Brahmaputra River system. The deposition mainly take place in the Rajmahal-Garo gap located between the Shillong plateau and the Chottanagpur plateau and continues up to the Sundarban region, and mostly composed by the Quaternary deposits of fluvial origin. The Himalayan origin sediments deposited in the Himalayan foreland basin and formed the North Bengal Plain, and its modification still continues today.
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In geology, clastic wedge usually refers to a thick assemblage of sediments-- often lens-shaped in profile--eroded and deposited landward of a mountain chain; they begin at the mountain front, thicken considerably landwards of it to a peak depth, and progressively thin with increasing distance inland. Perhaps the best examples of clastic wedges in the United States are the Catskill Delta in Appalachia and the sequence of Jurassic and Cretaceous sediments deposited in the Cordilleran foreland basin in the Rocky Mountain region.Stanley, Steven M. Earth System History. New York: W.H. Freeman and Company, 1999. pp.
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The Turritellenplatte of Ermingen ("Erminger Turritellenplatte" near Ulm, Germany)Johannes Baier: Die Geologie des Ulmer Raums - Documenta Naturae, 173, 1-44; München, 2009. is a type of very rich, fossil-bearing rock which is of particular interest to geologists and paleontologists. It occurs in a very restricted outcrop and is protected in its entirety as a natural monument. This outcrop of these marine sedimentary rocks is situated in the northern part of the North Alpine Foreland Basin (NAFB) and it is famous for a superabundance of shells of the sea snail Turritella turris, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turritellidae.
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No Man's Land: A History of Spitsbergen from Its Discovery in 1596 to the Beginning of the Scientific Exploration of the Country. Cambridge: At the University Press. During this voyage, he also named Ice Point (Ispynten), Bell Point (for a nearby bell-shaped mountain, now called Kapp Lyell), Bell Sound (Bellsund), Point Partition (Midterhuken), Low Sound (Van Mijenfjorden), Lowsoundness (Lågneset, its Norwegian equivalent), Ice Sound (Isfjorden), Green Harbour (Grønfjorden), Osborne Inlet (St. Jonsfjorden), Black Point (Salpynten), Black Point Isle (Prins Karls Forland), Foul Sound (Forlandsundet), Cape Cold (Kaldneset), Fair Foreland (Fuglehuken), Deer Sound (Kongsfjorden), Close Cove (Krossfjorden), Cross Road (Ebeltofthamna), and Fairhaven (Smeerenburgfjorden).
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It is located in the Tyrolean Unterland region on the river Inn, at the confluence with its Weißache and Kaiserbach tributaries, near the border to Bavaria, Germany. The municipal area stretches along the Lower Inn Valley between the Brandenberg Alps in the northwest and the Kaiser Mountains in the southeast. The remote Kaisertal until recently was the last settled valley in Austria without transport connections, prior to the completion of a tunnel road from Kufstein to neighbouring Ebbs in 2008. North of the town, the Inn river leaves the Northern Limestone Alps and enters the Bavarian Alpine Foreland.
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Bartholomew, M.J., and Whitaker, A.E., 2010, The Alleghanian deformational sequence at the foreland junction of the Central and Southern Appalachians in Tollo, R.P., Bartholomew, M.J., Hibbard, J.P., and Karabinos, P.M., eds., From Rodinia to Pangea: The Lithotectonic Record of the Appalachian Region, GSA Memoir 206, p. 431-454. This physiographic province occupies approximately two-thirds of the county's area (the county's western and central sections) dominated by Kittatinny Mountain and the Kittatinny Valley. This province's contour is characterized by long, even ridges with long, continuous valleys in between that generally run parallel from southwest to northeast.
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Margrethe was educated at the private school N. Zahle's School in Copenhagen from which she graduated in 1959. She spent a year at North Foreland Lodge, a boarding school for girls in Hampshire, England, and later studied prehistoric archaeology at Girton College, Cambridge, during 1960–1961, political science at Aarhus University between 1961 and 1962, attended the Sorbonne in 1963, and was at the London School of Economics in 1965. She is a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London. Queen Margrethe is fluent in Danish, French, English, Swedish and German, and has a limited knowledge of Faroese.
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The geology of the archipelago is characterized by the effects of the Andean orogeny and the repeated Pleistocene glaciations. The geology of the island can be divided into large east–west-oriented units. The southwestern islands of the archipelago, including Cape Horn, are part of the South Patagonian Batholith, while Cordillera Darwin and the area around Beagle Channel form the principal cordillera hosting the highest mountains. The Magallanes fold and thrust belt extends north of Almirantazgo Fjord and Fagnano Lake, and north of this lies the Magallanes foreland; an old sedimentary basin that hosts hydrocarbon reserves.
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It also encouraged the re-use of engines on other sites. The small Birmingham engine is known to have worked on at least three different sites as a winding engine, grinding fireclay and finally as a farm chaff cutter, a working life of around 130 years. The Cobb's Brewery engine (1825) at Margate was one of a batch built for a sugar plantation in the West Indies, but owing to their bankruptcy before shipping it was sent instead to South America. Its ship then foundered on the North Foreland and it was purchased from the wreck for use locally.
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The river Erms drains an area of about 179 km², mainly in the middle Swabian Alb and its foreland. Its upper part belongs to the Mittleren Kuppenalb, the lower part almost entirely to the foothills of the central Swabian Alb, where it passes successively through the Neuffen-Vorberge and the Erms-Steinach-Albvorland. Finally, a gusset close to the mouth of the river counts towards the subspace Nürtinger-Esslinger Neckartal of the Fildern. The highest point in the area reaches about 870 m above sea level in the area of the Römerstein on the Alb plateau.
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The Harz is a fault-block range, that rises abruptly from the surrounding lowlands in the west and northeast and gradually dips towards the south. It is dissected by numerous deep valleys. North of the hills lie the Cretaceous layers of the sub-Hercynian depression in the rolling hills of the Harz Foreland; south of the Harz, Permian sediments lie flat on southwest-dipping Palaeozoic beds. As a result of the northern fault zone and the vertical or, sometimes even overfolded, geological strata, the geology of the Harz sometimes changes frequently within a relatively small area of just a few square kilometres.
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Szwarc, Tyler S., Johnson, Cari L., Stright, Lisa E., McFarlane, Christopher M., In revision, Interactions between axial and transverse drainage systems in the Late Cretaceous Cordilleran foreland basin: Evidence from detrital zircons in the Straight Cliffs Formation, southern Utah, USA: GSA Bulletin. On the eastern side of the Kaiparowits Plateau the John Henry Member preserves interfingered marine and coastal deposits. Careful analysis of the stacking patterns within these beds suggests that the seaway was receding during the bottom third of the John Henry Member. Sea level was rising and flooding the land during the middle portion of John Henry Member deposition.
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Figure 2 The Delaware Basin is the larger of the two major lobes of the Permian Basin within the foreland of the Ouachita–Marathon thrust belt separated by the Central Basin Platform. The basin contains sediment dating to Pennsylvanian, Wolfcampian (Wolfcamp Formation), Leonardian (Avalon Shale), and early Guadalupian times. The eastward-dipping Delaware basin is subdivided into several formations (Figure2) and contains approximately of laminated siltstone and sandstone. Aside from clastic sediment, the Delaware basin also contains carbonate deposits of the Delaware Group, originating from the Guadalupian times when the Hovey Channel allowed access from the sea into the basin.
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As with other neighboring parts of Antarctica the Weddell Sea shares a common geological history with southernmost South America. In southern Patagonia at the onset of the Andean orogeny in the Jurassic extensional tectonics created the Rocas Verdes Basin, a back-arc basin whose surviving southeastward extension forms the Weddell Sea. In the Late Cretaceous the tectonic regime of Rocas Verdes Basin changed leading to its transformation into a compressional foreland basin –the Magallanes Basin– in the Cenozoic. While this happened in South America the Weddell Sea part of the basin escaped compressional tectonics and remained an oceanic basin.
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The genus Ranzania has five known fossil species: R. grahami Weems, 1985 and R. tenneyorum Weems, 1985, both from the Middle Miocene Calvert Formation of Virginia, USA; R. zappai Carnevale, 2007 from the Middle Miocene of Italy; R. ogaii Uyeno & Sakamoto, 1994 from the Middle Miocene of Japan; and an as yet unnamed species from the Upper Miocene of Algeria.Ruzena, G., Schultz, O., Harzhauser, M., Kroh, A. & Ćorić, S. (2009): A Giant Early Miocene Sunfish from the North Alpine Foreland Basin (Austria) and its Implication for Molid Phylogeny. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 29 (2): 359–371.
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St. Margaret's at Cliffe is a three-part village situated just off the coast road between Deal and Dover in Kent, England. The centre of the village is about ¾ mile (1 km) from the sea with the residential area of Nelson Park further inland and St Margaret's Bay situated along and below the cliffs north of South Foreland. Channel swimmers and submarine telephone cables start from St Margaret's Bay. At the north end of the bay is Leathercote Point (sometimes spelt Leathercoat Point or Lethercote Point), where there is a war memorial commemorating the Dover Patrol.
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Thick-skinned deformation refers to shortening that involves basement rocks rather than just the overlying cover. This type of geometry is typically found in the hinterland of a collisional zone. This style may also occur in the foreland where no effective decollement surface is present or where pre-existing extensional rift structures may be inverted.Butler, R. W. H., S. Mazzoli, S. Corrado, M. De Donatis, D. Di Bucci, R. Gambini, G. Naso, C. Nicolai, D. Scrocca, P. Shiner, and V. Zucconi, 2004, Applying thick-skinned tectonic models to the Apennine thrust belt of Italy—Limitations and implications, in K. R. McClay, ed.
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Sortie number three commenced with U-137s departure from Lorient on 3 November 1940 and returning to her old hunting grounds west of Scotland and north of Ireland. Her run of victories continued, sinking Cape St. Andrew west north-west of Aran Island on the 13th; Planter on the 16th north north-west of Bloody Foreland and two ships on the same day, from the same convoy (HG-46), Veronica and Saint Germain north north-west of Tory Island on 17 November. The submarine steamed to Norway, again round the British Isles, docking in Bergen, on 22 November.
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When this mechanism was combined with a revolving lens in Rockabill Lighthouse, the world's first lighthouse with a group-flashing characteristic was produced. Wigham had a long-standing rivalry with the Engineer-in-Chief of Trinity House, James Nicholas Douglass, which erupted over trials of rival gas, oil and electric illumination systems conducted at South Foreland Lighthouse, Dover, in 1884-5. Tyndall, still acting as a scientific consultant, accused Douglass of using his position to influence the trials' outcome and ensure the adoption of his own patents over those of Wigham. Wigham also stated that Douglass had used elements of one of his rejected designs.
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Laurentia is the North American paleocontinent, which also includes present day Northwest Ireland, Scotland, Greenland, the North Slope of Alaska, and the Chukotsk peninsula of NE Russia. During the Ordovician-Devonian time, Laurentia remained at the same paleolatitude, slightly south of the equator in the southern hemisphere, with relatively the same paleolongitude. Major defining tectonic events include the Neoproterozoic rift sequence from the breakup of Grenville basement rocks, thermal subsidence related to the Early Cambrian to Middle Ordovician drift sequence during the opening of the Iapetus ocean, the Appalachian accretionary events to the eastern continental margin, and the resulting foreland-basin and clastic wedges.
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The Appalachian basin, during the Middle Devonian and Early Mississippian, is characterized by large volumes of deltaic sedimentary rocks that were deposited in the Acadian foreland basin as a response to the Acadian orogeny. These deposits extend from central New York and Pennsylvania westward to Ohio, and south along the Appalachian Mountains through Virginia and Tennessee to Alabama. The Acadian delta complex is categorized into two deltas, the Catskill Delta of Middle and Upper Devonian age, and the Price-Rockwell (Pocono) delta of Late Devonian and Early Mississippian age. The Acadian delta complex is coupled to the four tectophases of the Acadian orogeny, both in terms of provenance and depositional settings.
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The region has the right environment for recreational and cultural tourism around the lake of Süßer See south of Eisleben and in the Harz Foreland and the Luther memorial sites in the Lutheran towns of Eisleben and Mansfeld. Since 1946 the town of Eisleben has had the official "nickname" of the Luther town (Lutherstadt). That takes into account the fact that Martin Luther was born here shortly before his parents moved the few kilometres to Mansfeld. Coincidentally, Luther died in his native town, where he was staying to mediate a dispute between the counts of Mansfeld (one branch of whom maintained a town castle in Eisleben).
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Erosion-resistant bedrock on these blocks forms small isolated ridges, especially in the northern Harz foreland region. These include the Elm hills (Muschelkalk), the Asse hills (Buntsandstein and Muschelkalk) and the Grosser Fallstein (Muschelkalk) as well as the island of Heligoland (Buntsandstein). Cretaceous chalk can be found, partly covered by thin Quaternary deposits, only in northern Germany, including in Münsterland Cretaceous Basin, where the Cretaceous deposits directly rest on the Ruhr Carboniferous and continue westward into the Aachen Formation, as well as in the Hanover and Salzgitter area. Probably the most well-known Cretaceous limestones of Germany are those on the island of Rügen, on Germany's north coast.
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De Ruyter then decided to blockade the Thames in the hope that what he thought would be the weakened remains of the English fleet would be forced to face him and be destroyed.Fox, p. 287 Although the restored English fleet had reached numbers equal to de Ruyter's fleet by the first week of July, 1666, Rupert and Albemarle waited until the ships being fitted out and manned joined, and sailed out if the Thames on 22 July.Fox, p. 288 The Dutch fleet moved away from the shallow estuary, and the two fleets met on 25 July at the North Foreland in the St. James's Day Battle.
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Groß Vahlberg in the Asse Geological map of the Northern Harz Foreland in the area of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel-Helmstedt, with the Asse at lower left The Asse is a small hill range in the district of Wolfenbüttel in southeastern Lower Saxony with a median height of 200 metres ASL; the highest elevation is the Remlinger Herse with a height of 234 m. There are more than 600 different plants found here; the Asse is mostly covered by trees. It has been inhabited since the 6th millennium BC by farmers coming from the Danube region. For several hundred years, salt has been mined in Asse.
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In some respects though, the sea otter is more fully adapted to water than pinnipeds, which must haul out on land or ice to give birth. Polar bears are thought to have diverged from a population of brown bears, Ursus arctos, that became isolated during a period of glaciation in the Pleistocene or from the eastern part of Siberia, (from Kamchatka and the Kolym Peninsula). The oldest known polar bear fossil is a 130,000 to 110,000-year-old jaw bone, found on Prince Charles Foreland in 2004. The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of the polar bear diverged from the brown bear roughly 150,000 years ago.
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The Saxon Loess Fields () refer to a natural region that lies mainly within the state of Saxony in central Germany. In addition, small areas of this region extend to the northwest and west into Saxony-Anhalt (the land around Weißenfels), to the southeast into Thuringia (the region around Altenburg) and to the northeast into Brandenburg. It more-or-less combines the BfN's major regions listed as D19 Saxon Upland and Ore Mountain Foreland, (Sächsisches Hügelland und Erzgebirgsvorland) and D14, Upper Lusatia (Oberlausitz); only the range of Central Uplands hills, the Lusatian Mountains, has been excluded and instead forms part of the Saxon Highlands and Uplands (Sächsisches Bergland und Mittelgebirge).
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The Rotenberg ridge is oriented northwest-southeast and measures about 14 kilometres long by 2 kilometres wide. It lies in the district of Göttingen in the southeastern corner of the Lower Saxon Hills. It is located on the southwestern Harz Foreland roughly between Wulften to the northwest, Hattorf am Harz and Pöhlde to the north, Silkerode to the east, Rhumspringe and Gieboldehausen to the south and Bilshausen to the west. Somewhat further away are Osterode am Harz to the north, Herzberg am Harz to the northeast, Bad Lauterberg to the east, Duderstadt to the south, Göttingen to the southwest and Northeim to the northwest.
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The Heber is oriented from northwest to southeast and lies in the southwestern part of the Innerste Uplands, the northeasternmost part of the Lower Saxon Hills where it transitions to the Leine Uplands (Alfeld Uplands). It is located in the western Harz Foreland roughly between Lamspringe by the source region of the River Lamme in the northwest and the town of Seesen on the River Schildau by the Harz Mountains in the southeast. Some distance away to the north are Bockenem on the Nette and Bad Gandersheim on the Gande to the southwest. The Heber region forms part of the districts of Hildesheim (north), Goslar (east) and Northeim (west).
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The area is located in the Alpine Foreland of Upper Bavaria, about north of Salzburg in the German - Austrian border region.Guide to Bavaria Centered on the town of Laufen and Waginger See, it stretches between the left shore of the Salzach River in the east and the Bavarian Chiemgau cultural landscape in the west. The northern Rupertiwinkel up to Mt. Rampelsberg and the Alz River at Trostberg is administrated within the Traunstein District, the northernmost municipality of Tyrlaching within the district of Altötting. The southern half down to the Hochstaufen and Teisenberg peaks of the Chiemgau Alps and the Saalach River is part of Berchtesgadener Land.
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The general strike of the Tian Shan ranges is East-Northeast, but there are significant deviations, especially near the major Talas-Fergana fault. A striking feature of western Tian Shan is the large number of basins containing Cenozoic rocks, prominent basins include the Fergana Basin in the southwest, the Issyk-Kul Basin in the east and Naryn Basin in the south. On the edges of the Tian Shan, there are foreland basins with Cenozoic sediments several kilometers thick. The Talas-Fergana fault is an active strike slip fault in which Quaternary offset is about 10 km and the total offset since the Paleozoic is about 200 km.
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Restoration of two alt=Artistic reconstruction of the habitat of Limusaurus'' All known Limusaurus fossils were recovered from the Shishugou Formation, a succession of sedimentary rocks that were deposited at the northeastern margin of the Junggar foreland basin and is about in thickness. The formation is dated to the Late Jurassic, around 161 to 157 million years ago. Limusaurus occurs in the upper part of the formation, which represents a variety of environments, including alluvial fans and alluvial plains, streams, wetlands, and shallow lakes. During the time when Limusaurus lived, the environment would have been relatively warm and dry, judging by the abundance of coal and carbon-rich deposits.
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This crustal uplift had been underway millions of years prior due to the subduction of the Paleo-pacific plate beneath the Gondwanan Plate, which had also resulted in the creation of the Gondwanide mountain range. At this time a divergent plate boundary was forming the Atlantic Ocean, southwest of Gondwana, heralding the earliest stages of the break-up of the Gondwanan supercontinent. There are no outcrops or exposures of the Stormberg Group East of 24ºE. This was because orogenic loading in the south by the Gondwanide mountains from the early Triassic caused changes in position of the forebulge and foredeep in the foreland basin system.
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Björnert Cliffs () are a series of ice-covered cliffs which face seaward along the northern side of McDonald Heights, Marie Byrd Land. The cliffs stand between Hanessian Foreland and Hagey Ridge and descend abruptly from about , the average summit elevation, to at the base. The feature was photographed from aircraft of the U.S. Antarctic Service, 1939–41, and was mapped by the United States Geological Survey from surveys and from U.S. Navy air photos, 1959–66. They were named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (1974) for Rolf P. Björnert of the Office of Polar Programs, National Science Foundation, who served in the capacity of Station Projects Manager for Antarctica.
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At the beginning of the 12th century, the county covered the forested region of the Upper Weser (roughly the area of the present-day Solling-Vogler Nature Park) and its eastern foreland as far as the Leine valley. It was subsequently divided into two parts due to a split in the family tree. The Adolfic line, with its seat at Hunnesrück castle in the northern part of the county, fell briefly to the county of Ratzeburg at the beginning of the 13th century, its domain thereby increasing considerably. The county of Ratzeburg was lost again very soon thereafter, however, as a consequence of its losing the Battle of Waschow.
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Topographic map with location of ECRIS rift basins: LG=Limagne Graben, BG=Bresse Graben, URG=Upper Rhine Graben, LRG=Lower Rhine Graben, HG=Hessian Grabens & EG=Eger Graben, and Jura mountains with frontal thin-skinned thrust shown The European Cenozoic Rift System (ECRIS) is a long system of rifts formed in the foreland of the Alps as the lithosphere responded to the effects of the Alpine and Pyrenean orogenies. The system began to form during the Late Eocene and parts, particularly the Upper and Lower Rhine Grabens, remain seismically active today and are responsible for most of the larger earthquakes in Europe, north of the Alps.
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Silvermine, Cape Peninsula The nine species of plampers are all endemic to the Western Cape and Eastern Cape provinces of South Africa, in particular the Cape Fold Belt and the foreland along the southern coast. They reach the Cedarberg in the north, the Cape Peninsula in the west, and as far as Grahamstown in the east, but do not occur in the Knysna forest. It usually grows on nutrient poor, shallow, quartzite sandy soils in the mountains and on heavy soils from slates, phyllites and granite of the Bokkeveld and Malmesbury Groups. One species grows on shallow calcareous soil on the limestone hills near Bredasdorp and around De Hoop.
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They added that before the lantern was placed there and when the fire was kept in the open air the wind kept the fire in a constant blaze which was seen in the air far above the lighthouse. Complaints of this sort were so loud and frequent that the governors of Greenwich Hospital sent Sir John Thomson to examine and make arrangements on the subject. He ordered the lantern to be taken away and things to be restored to nearly their former state the light to continue burning all the night until daylight. Towards the end of the 18th century the North Foreland Lighthouse underwent some considerable alterations and repairs.
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The presence of the chert band confirms that there was volcanic activity taking place during the time the rock sediments were deposited. The rocks of the lower Pristerognathus Assemblage Zone were deposited at the end of the middle Permian (end-Guadalupian) extinction event, which is currently thought to have been caused by the eruption of the Emeishan Large Igneous Province. The depositional environment of the Pristerognathus Assemblage Zone was likewise similar to the Tapinocephalus Assemblage Zone, having been formed by sedimentary material being deposited by vast, fluvial plains. These fluvial plains flowed northwards from a foreland basin that was being formed from the rising of the Gondwanide mountains in the south.
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The depositional environment of the Eodicynodon Assemblage Zone was formed by sedimentary material being deposited in the Karoo Basin - a retro-arc foreland basin - by vast, low-energy alluvial plains flowing northwards from a southerly source area in the rising the Gondwanide mountains. The Gondwanides were the result of crustal uplift that had previously begun to take course due to subduction of the Palaeo-pacific plate beneath the Gondwanan Plate. Orogenic pulses from the growing Gondwanides mountain chain and associated subduction created accommodation space for sedimentation in the Karoo Basin where the deposits of the Eodicynodon Assemblage zone, and all other succeeding assemblage zones, were deposited over millions of years.
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Hinterland and foreland basins filled with sediments as the Antler highland eroded. Sea levels rose over the eroded mountains in the late Paleozoic, although uneven rock surfaces remain as the Antler overlap sequence, which includes conglomerate, siltstone, limestone and sandstone deposited from the Pennsylvanian into the early Triassic. High concentrations of the rare element iridium and jumbled mega-breccia deposits in the Guilmette Formation, made up of shattered limestone that re-cemented in deep water, has led geologists to infer the Alamo meteorite impact even around 382 million years ago in the Devonian. Distinct gravel rubble is common in late Devonian rocks in the area, suggesting large tsunamis.
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The Weser-Aller Plains and GeestDickinson (1964). () is a natural regional unit of the North German Plain in Germany. It extends over most of the southern catchment of the Aller including the lower reaches of the Oker and Leine and is bounded in the west by the Middle Weser. It is also bounded, from a natural region perspective, by the Stade Geest, the Luneburg Heath, the Wendland and the Altmark in the north; in the east by the Central German Black Earth Region (Mitteldeutsches Schwarzerdegebiet), in the south by the Northern Harz Foreland and Lower Saxon Börde and, in the west, by the Dümmer-Geest Lowland and Ems-Hunte Geest.
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During the Eocene epoch the ongoing process of an active convergence between the two plates increased crustal thickening and further increased the load that originated from the Himalayan mountain belt. From Eocene to early Miocene time, thrusts and uplifts are occurring at the Himalayan zone. The initial development of the foreland basin indicated from the oldest marine deposits in the existing stratigraphy shows the basinal subsidence was shallow as a result of the rigid precambrian basement coupled with a slow rate of sedimentation and sediment starvation. The Eocene period also marked the onset of a shift from marine facies deposits on to fluvial deposits stratigraphically.
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The ridge is a continuation of the small plateau around Ellenberg in the Württemberg county of Ostalbkreis, with which it is only linked by a narrow strip of land as a result of valleys to the west and east. It then runs west and in an increasing curve towards the west, finally heading southwest. Compared with the plateau it is only slightly, or even insignificantly prominent, the aforementioned valleys and, especially the northern foreland around Georgenstadt, however, lie some 60–80 metres lower down. Its three kuppen follow one another on the gently sloping ridgeline on the upper right, along which a forest track runs.
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Lampedusa geologically is part of the "Pelagian Province" (USGS definition), a structural member of the African continent, lying on a structural high called the Lampedusa Plateau. Lampedusa essentially is a tilted block of limestone, the highest point being on the NW coast and the lowest on the SE coast, the island being soft limestone, of a white to creamy-yellow. This area lies on a seismically active part of central Mediterranean, the Sicily Channel Rift Zone. From a structural point of view, Lampedusa belongs to the Pelagian Block, a foreland at the northern edge of the African plate, and is inside the Sicily Channel.
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Looking north from Mount Magazine's Cameron Bluff, October 2013 As the South American plate collided with the North American plate during the late Paleozoic, a major foreland basin, the Arkoma Basin, developed north of the Ouachita Mountains. Small grains of sediment that had filled the Arkoma Basin were compacted and cemented into sedimentary rock. As the land rose above sea level, small streams developed that eventually merged into the Arkansas River. After millions of years of erosion, synclines like Mount Magazine have become the most positive topographic features; this phenomenon is the result of the rapid weathering of shales once sandstones were breached on the flanks of surrounding anticlines.
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Kingsgate Castle looking across Kingsgate Bay. The North Foreland lighthouse is just visible on the right of the photo. Aerial photograph of Kingsgate Castle Kingsgate Castle on the cliffs above Kingsgate Bay, Broadstairs, Kent, was built for Lord Holland (Henry Fox, 1st Baron Holland) in the 1760s as the stable block of his nearby country residence Holland House. His main residence was Holland House in Kensington, near London. The name Kingsgate is related to an incidental landing of Charles II on 30 June 1683 (‘gate’ referring to a cliff-gap) though other English monarchs have also used this cove, such as George II in 1748.
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Structural assumption influence on provenance interpretation, left two cross sections are two hinterland structural assumptions and the right column is a foreland basin stratigraphy which shows variations of detrital record. Ma = Million year As a provenance study tries to correlate detrital record (which is stored in basins) to hinterland stratigraphy, and hinterland stratigraphy is structurally controlled by fault systems, so hinterland structural setting is important to interpretation of the detrital record. Hinterland structural setting is estimated by field mapping work. Geologists work along river valleys and traverse mountain belts (thrust belt), locate major faults and describe major stratigraphy bounded by faults in the area.
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The start of the Selandian represents a sharp depositional change in the North Sea Basin, where there is a shift to siliciclastic deposition due to the uplift and erosion of the Scotland-Shetland area after nearly 40 million years of calcium carbonate deposition. This change occurs at the same time as the onset of a foreland basin formation in Spitsbergen due to compression between Greenland and Svalbard, suggesting a common tectonic cause that altered the relative motions of the Greenland Plate and the Eurasian Plate. This plate reorganisation event is also manifest as a change in seafloor spreading direction in the Labrador Sea around this time.
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Lake Kezenoyam. European chub, an invasive species The wildlife of Chechnya includes a range of flora and fauna as reflected by its varying topographic and climatic conditions, with the Greater Caucasus to the south, the foreland zone the Terek and Sunza river valleys in the west and east, and the rolling plains of Nogai steppe in the north. Lake Kezenoyam in Chechnya is near the border with Dagestan and can sustain plankton growth. Salmo ezenami, a rare species of trout now critically endangered due to introduction of the invasive species European chub (Squalius cephalus), is native only to this lake and is therefore endemic to Lake Kezenoyam.
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A draught of the Goodwin Sands Pl.XXII P169 RMG A8031-D (printed chart from 1750) Goodwin Sands is a sandbank at the southern end of the North Sea lying off the Deal coast in Kent, England. The area consists of a layer of approximately depth of fine sand resting on an Upper Chalk platform belonging to the same geological feature that incorporates the White Cliffs of Dover. The banks lie between above the low water mark to around below low water, except for one channel that drops to around below.Imray Laurie Norie & Wilson, North Foreland to Dover & Calais, chart number 2100.6, published January 2015 as updated to 13 April 2017.
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As a result, the guilds took over the power of the city council. After Frederick IV, Duke of Austria had helped Antipope John XXIII who had been deposed at the Council of Constance to flee to Freiburg in 1415, King Sigismund imposed the imperial ban, or Reichsacht in German, on the Habsburg Duke. Thus, Breisgau fell back as a fief to the empire and Freiburg was an imperial city from 1415 until Frederick was pardoned in 1425. In 1448, Archduke Albrecht, the lord of the Habsburg foreland, established a general university in Freiburg, from which, with the founding charter of 1457, formed the University of Freiburg.
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Most of the Sub-Andean zone of northern Peru deformed 7–5 million years ago (Late Miocene) during the Quechua 3 Phase. The Sub-Andean stacked in a thrust belt. The Miocene rise of the Andes in Peru and Ecuador led to increased orographic precipitation along its eastern parts and to the birth of the modern Amazon River. One hypothesis links these two changes by assuming that increased precipitation led to increased erosion and this erosion led to filling the Andean foreland basins beyond their capacity and that it would have been the basin over-sedimentation rather than the rise of the Andes that made drainage basins flow to the east.
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In the Late Cretaceous the tectonic regime of Rocas Verdes Basin changed leading to its transformation into a compressional foreland basin –the Magallanes Basin– in the Cenozoic. This change was associated with an eastward move of the basin depocenter and the obduction of ophiolites. The closure of Rocas Verdes Basin in the Cretaceous is linked to the high-grade metamorphism of Cordillera Darwin Metamorphic Complex in southern Tierra del Fuego. As the Andean orogeny went on, South America drifted away from Antarctica during the Cenozoic leading first to the formation of an isthmus and then to the opening of the Drake Passage 45 million years ago.
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From the geological point of view the Alpi Biellesi are composed by an alpine zone in the strict sense of the word and a prealpine zone, divided by the Insubric line (locally named Linea del Canavese). This important geologic fault, which forms the border between the Adriatic plate and the European plate, crosses Biellese from SW to NE through Bocchetto di Sessera and Bocchetta della Boscarola passes. Thus hills and mountains (i.e. Monte Barone) located south-east of the line can be considered part of southern Apulian foreland while most part of the range, located NW of the line, geologically belongs to the crystalline zone of the Alps.
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A foreland basin existed just to the east of the Sevier orogenic belt, which was inundated by the Western Interior Seaway. A forearc on the western side of the basin made this deeper than the eastern side, encouraging the build-up of sediment and, in time, sedimentary rock. Erosion of the Western Cordillera also contributed to the build-up of sedimentary rock on the western edge of the basin, while the more low-lying area to the east provided much less. Changes in the amount, type, rate, and other aspects of the sedimentation were caused by uplift, subsidence, sea level changes, and other factors.
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The Old Norse and Icelandic languages were, and are, very flexible in forming compound words. Sixteenth century Icelanders realized that the "New World" which European geographers were calling "America" was the land described in their Vinland Sagas. The Skálholt Map, drawn in 1570 or 1590 but surviving only through later copies, shows Promontorium Winlandiae ("promontory/cape/foreland of Vinland") as a narrow cape with its northern tip at the same latitude as southern Ireland. (The scales of degrees in the map margins are inaccurate.) This effective identification of northern Newfoundland with the northern tip of Vinland was taken up by later Scandinavian scholars such as bishop Hans Resen.
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The archival documented history of the Harz forests around the once independent municipality of Hasserode, that has been part of the borough of Wernigerode since 1907, go well back into the Middle Ages. Originally, this wooded region belonged to an imperial forest before it was enfeoffed by the Holy Roman emperors and German kings to the counts of Wernigerode, first mentioned in 1121, who came from Haimar in the Diocese of Hildesheim. The counts of Wernigerode, like most ruling dynasties, endeavoured to extend their sphere of influence. In the Harz Foreland at the foot of the mountain range called the Huy they had freehold estates in various villages.
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Miners created the famous engineering system for the management of water in the Upper Harz, the Upper Harz Water Regale, of which 70 kilometres of ditch and 68 'ponds' (with a volume of 8 million cubic metres) are still used today. Without using their considerable hydropower output, silver mining in the Harz would never have been able to attain its major economic significance. In the eastern Harz Foreland (Mansfeld Land and Sangerhäuser Mulde) copper schist was mined until 1990. The early beginnings of this industry were first mentioned in 1199, and it was considered in its heyday, at the end of the 15th century, as the most important in Europe.
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The Maracaibo Basin, also known as Lake Maracaibo natural region, Lake Maracaibo depression or Lake Maracaibo Lowlands, is a foreland basin and one of the eight natural regions of Venezuela, found in the northwestern corner of Venezuela in South America. Covering over 36,657 square km, it is a hydrocarbon-rich region that has produced over 30 billion bbl of oil with an estimated 44 billion bbl yet to be recovered. The basin is characterized by a large shallow tidal estuary, Lake Maracaibo, located near its center. The Maracaibo basin has a complex tectonic history that dates back to the Jurassic period with multiple evolution stages.
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The Maracaibo basin is surrounded by two mountain ranges, the Méridas Andes to the southeast and the Sierra de Perija to the west, with the Gulf of Venezuela to the north. The basin lies within a region of deformation created by the interactions of the Caribbean and South American plate boundaries. These interactions include the collision of the Caribbean plate with the South American plate in the Cenozoic era, which formed a belt of foreland basins across northern South America. There are three main fault zones associated with the basin: the Santa Marta- Bucaramanga fault zone, the Boconó fault zone, and the Oca fault zone.
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Jones as a Commander RNR RD, 1943 From September 1939 he served as the Navigating Officer on the armed merchant cruiser Laurentic (formerly of the Cunard White Star Line). Initially their task was to patrol the waters between Iceland and the Faroe Islands to prevent German supply shipping getting in and out of the North Sea. Later they were re-deployed into the Denmark Strait between Greenland and Iceland. On 4 November 1940, when returning to Liverpool from a patrol between Portugal and the Azores, Laurentic was torpedoed and sunk, 300 miles west of the Bloody Foreland in Ireland, with the loss of 49 lives.
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Around 1240, the first Schaffgotsch appears in a Silesian document as "Sibotho de nobili Familia Ovium" ("ovium" is the Latin word for "sheep", the translation of the German word Schaf(f)). According to tradition, Sibotho came in the entourage of Hedwig of Andechs and Henry I the Bearded. Kynast (Chojnik) Castle One of Sibotho's successors, the knight Gotsche II Schoff (who died in 1420), bought extensive possessions in the foreland of the Riesengebirge Giant Mountains and Iser Jizera Mountains at the end of the fourteenth century: the Kynast and Greiffenstein dominions. The Schaffgotsch family thus became the most important noble family in the Jelenia Góra Valley (Hirschberger Tal).
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In 1865 John Tyndall had succeeded Faraday as scientific adviser to Trinity House, remaining in post until 1883. In 1873 Professor Tyndall was engaged by Trinity House to conduct a series of experiments on the relative effectiveness of different types of fog signal. South Foreland, with its recently-installed steam power plant, was chosen as the location and a variety of acoustic instruments were set up at the top and bottom of the cliff, to be monitored from a Trinity House vessel offshore. At first three systems were tested: a steam whistle, an air whistle and a pair of air-powered brass trumpets with reeds (designed by Frederick Hale Holmes).
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The Duchy of Brunswick and neighbouring states in 1905 The Wurmberg, the highest peak of Brunswick, seen from Braunlage The Duchy of Brunswick consisted of several non-connected parts - three larger and seven smaller ones. The biggest and most populous of those was the area surrounding the cities of Braunschweig, Wolfenbüttel and Helmstedt as well as the Elm, which extended from the river Aller in the north to the Harz mountains in the south. The western part with the town of Holzminden extended from the river Weser in the east to the Harz Foreland in the west. The southern part with the town of Blankenburg was located in the Harz mountains.
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Glade Bay is an open triangular-shaped bay in the Amundsen Sea, wide at the broad north entrance and defined by the angle formed by the northern part of Wright Island, the front of the Getz Ice Shelf, and the northwest side of Murray Foreland, Martin Peninsula, on the Bakutis Coast of Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica. It was mapped by the United States Geological Survey from surveys and U.S. Navy aerial photographs, 1959–67, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names after Commander Gerald L. Glade, U.S. Navy, a helicopter pilot in USS Atka on U.S. Navy Operation Deep Freeze, 1956–57, and Deputy Commander, Naval Support Force, Antarctica, 1975–76.
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The Po Plain, a foreland basin formed by the downflexing of the crust by the loading of the Apennine thrust sheets, overlies and mainly conceals the active front of the Northern Apennines fold and thrust belt, across which there is about one millimeter (0.04 in) per year of active shortening at present. Information from hydrocarbon exploration demonstrates that the area is underlain by a series of active thrust faults and related folds, some of which have been detected from anomalous drainage patterns. These blind thrust faults are roughly WNW-ESE trending, parallel to the mountain front, and dip shallowly towards the south-southwest. Several damaging historical earthquakes, such as the 1570 Ferrara earthquake, have occurred in the area.
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Hahn and Pflug reconstruction of Ausia as a pennatulacean Ausia fenestrata is a curious Ediacaran period (630 – 542 million years ago) fossil represented by only one specimen 5 cm long from the Nama Group, a Vendian to Cambrian group of stratigraphic sequences deposited in the Nama foreland basin in central and southern Namibia. It has similarity to Burykhia from Ediacaran (Vendian) siliciclastic sediments exposed on the Syuzma River of northern Russia. This fossil is of the form of an elongate bag-like sandstone cast (Nama-type preservation) tapering to a cone on one end. Surface of the fossil is covered with oval depressions ("windows") regularly spaced over the surface in the manner of concentric/parallel rows.
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Caddow Combe, near Foreland Point, representative of much of Exmoor's unimproved landscape In addition to the Exmoor Coastal Heaths Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), two other areas are specifically designated. North Exmoor covers and includes the Dunkery Beacon and the Holnicote and Horner Water Nature Conservation Review sites, and the Chains Geological Conservation Review site. The Chains site is nationally important for its south-western lowland heath communities and for transitions from Ancient woodland through upland heath to blanket mire. The site is also of importance for its breeding bird communities, its large population of the nationally rare heath fritillary (Mellicta athalia), an exceptional woodland lichen flora and its palynological interest of deep peat on the Chains.
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The material of these sediments was picked up by the ice sheet on its way from Scandinavia to Central Europe and was deposited during the melting there. The route that the ice took can be reconstructed with the aid of rocks, the cobbles in the moraine sediments, because these can be matched with certain regions in Scandinavia . In southern Germany, with the exception of the Alpine foreland and the Upper Rhine Graben, there are rather thin Quaternary deposits and formations, geographically confined mostly to lower slopes and valleys where they occur as scree and stone runs or as fluvial gravels and sands. In the foothills of the Alps, there are also Pleistocene moraines.
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Large-scale layering in the conglomerate sequence Conglomerate with a rare sandstone layer on the path to Sant Jeroni on the flank of La Gorra Frigia. The conglomerate is polymict, clast-supported and poorly sorted with clasts ranging from pebble to boulder size Montserrat is formed of conglomerate that was originally deposited in a fan delta at the margin of the Ebro Basin, part of the foreland basin to the Pyrenees, during the middle Eocene. The conglomerate was derived from the uplifting Catalan Coastal Ranges to the southeast of the basin and the clast type is dominated by Triassic sedimentary rocks. The fan had an original size of between 100–150 square kilometres.
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Two major deformational phases with the development of schistosities (Upper Albian till Lower Cenomanian and Santonian till Maastrichtian) affected the pyrenean domain during the Upper Cretaceous expressing themselves as unconformities in the sedimentary record. The flysch basin was shortened and at the northern edge of Iberia, an orogenic wedge formed that moved slowly into the northern foreland. As a consequence, the flysch basin receiving the erosional products from the wedge was forced to migrate to the north too (changeover during the Santonian of the centre of subsidence from the North Pyrenean Basin to the Subpyrenean Basin). The Subpyrenean Basin was consequently filled in by 1000 to 4000 m of flysch à fucoides.
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Hexentanzplatz into the Bode Gorge The Bode Gorge () is a long ravine that forms part of the Bode valley between Treseburg and Thale in the Harz Mountains of central Germany. The German term, Bodetal (literally "Bode Valley"), is also used in a wider sense to refer to the valleys of the Warme and Kalte Bode rivers that feed the River Bode. At the Bode Gorge, the River Bode, which rises on the highest mountain in the Harz, the Brocken, has cut deeply into the hard Ramberg granite rock. The ravine is about 140 m deep at Treseburg and some 280 m deep at Thale where it breaks out into the Harz Foreland.
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Trinity House played a major part in the design of the IALA Maritime Buoyage System, laying the first buoy off Dover, watched over by representatives of 16 nations on 15 April 1977. By the 1960s, Trinity House licensed about 500 pilots, of whom about 350 were in the London District, handling an estimated 60% of the nation's piloted tonnage. The 1987 Pilotage Act authorized Trinity House to pass its District Pilotage responsibilities to various local harbour authorities, becoming instead a licensing authority for deep sea pilotage. The completion of the lighthouse automation programme came with a ceremony held at the North Foreland Lighthouse on 26 November 1998, attended by the last six keepers and Master the Duke of Edinburgh.
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In its place, that same year, an improved Daboll trumpet (twice the length of its predecessor, at ) was installed in a new building at Dungeness; this was the first time Trinity House had installed a fog horn at any of its lighthouses. The new trumpet was designed to rotate automatically through a 210° horizontal arc, so as to sound in four different directions within the space of a minute. Compressed air was provided by a pair of Ericsson hot air engines. In 1875 a new fog signal was installed at Dungeness: an early American siren (it was almost certainly the one which had been demonstrated by Joseph Henry in the trials at South Foreland Lighthouse two years earlier).
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View from the Pilatus on the Swiss Plateau near Luzern In the north and northwest, the Swiss Plateau is sharply delimited geographically and geologically by the Jura Mountains. In the south, there is no clear border with the Alps. Usually, the rising of the terrain to altitudes above 1500 metres AMSL (lime Alps, partly sub-alpine molasse), which is very abrupt in certain places, is taken as a criterion for delimitation. Occasionally the regions of the higher Swiss Plateau, especially the hills of the canton of Fribourg, the Napf region, the Töss region, the (lower) Toggenburg, and parts of the Appenzell region are considered to form the Swiss Alpine foreland in a narrow sense.
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The landmass was actually the southernmost tip of Baffin Island; Frobisher named it "Queen Elizabeth's Foreland". The ship reached the mouth of Frobisher Bay a few days later, and because ice and wind prevented further travel north, Frobisher determined to sail westwards up the bay, which he believed to be the entrance to the North-west Passage, naming it Frobisher's Strait, to see "whether he might carry himself through the same into some open sea on the back side". Gabriel sailed north-westwards, keeping in sight of the bay's north shore. On 18 August, Burche's Island was sighted and named after the ship's carpenter who first spied it; there the expedition met some local Inuit.
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Ranchería River in Distracción Ranchería River in Fonseca The Cesar-Ranchería Basin is located to the southeast of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta The Cesar-Ranchería Basin is an intermontane foreland basin enclosed by two main mountain ranges; the northernmost Andean Serranía del Perijá in the southeast of the basin and the triangular Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta to the northwest. The northeastern limit is sharply formed by the dextral strike-slip Oca Fault, while the Bucaramanga-Santa Marta Fault forms the boundary to the west. The faults form the border with the Guajira Basin and Middle Magdalena Valley respectively. The basin has a general orientation of 30 degrees from north.
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The total coal production of the Cesar-Ranchería Basin in 2016 was nearly 81 Megatons. Producción de carbón en Colombia - UPME The Cesar-Ranchería Basin is located at the northern edge of the South American Plate, close to the Caribbean Plate. During the Mesozoic and early Cenozoic eras, the basin was connected to the Magdalena River basins (Middle and Lower Magdalena Valleys) and the Sinú-Jacinto Basin in the west and the Maracaibo Basin, of which the Catatumbo Basin forms the Colombian part, in the east. Compressional tectonic movement commenced in the Late Paleogene, creating an intermontane foreland basin enclosed by the Serranía del Perijá and the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta.
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The 5.5 hectar (ha) conservation area is located southeast of Wernau at an elevation of 310 to 320 meters above sea level and belongs to the nature preserve area of Schlierbacher Platte in the central foreland area of the Swabian Jura mountains. It is classified as a secondary biotope (it was not formed naturally, but from a man-made biotope) with an advanced ecological succession containing wet and dry areas, slopes and water surfaces. The former clay pit is ecologically a very valuable, re-naturalized, near-urban area. The Wernau Clay Pit is also an important environment for various endangered animals, especially for some regionally endangered amphibians, birds and insects in Baden-Württemberg.
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The Upper Hessian Ridge () or Upper Hesse Ridge is a hill chain in the West Hesse Highlands in North and Middle Hesse, which lies on the Rhine-Weser watershed and links the montane Central Upland ranges of the Kellerwald and the Vogelsberg in a north-south direction. The swell is divided into the Gilserberg Heights (Gilserberger Höhen) in the north, the central Neustadt Saddle (Neustädter Sattel) and the Northern Vogelsberg Foreland (Nördliche Vogelsberg-Vorland) in the south. View from the Amöneburg of the Gilserberg Heights with the Burgholz (379.1 m, left) and, on the Kellerwald behind, the Hohes Lohr (656.7 m, left, TV tower), Jeust (ca. 585 m, centre) and Wüstegarten (675.3 m, right).
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Map of the basins, reefs and platforms that make up the Permian Basin in West Texas The Val Verde Basin is a marginal foreland basin located in West Texas, just southeast of the Midland Basin. The Val Verde is a sub-basin of the larger Permian Basin and is roughly 24–40 km wide by 240 km long. It is an unconventional system and its sediments were deposited during a long period of flooding during the Middle to Late Cretaceous. This flooding event is referred to as the Western Interior Seaway, and many basins in the Western United States can attribute their oil and gas producing basins to carbonate deposition during this time period.
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The IHO defines the limits of the Inner Seas as follows: > On the West and North. A line running from Bloody Foreland () in Ireland to > the West point of Tory Island, on to Barra Head, the Southwest point of the > Hebrides, thence through these islands, in such a manner that the West > coasts of the main islands appertain to the Atlantic Ocean and all the > narrow waters appertain to the Inner Seas, as far as the Butt of Lewis > (North Point), and thence to Cape Wrath (58°37'N) in Scotland. On the South. > A line joining the South extreme of the Mull of Galloway (54°38'N) in > Scotland and Ballyquintin Point (54°20'N) in Ireland.
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The Paleocene epoch marked the initial time of the India-Eurasia collision. Based on paleomagnetic records, around the time of 55-50 Ma the velocity of the Indian Plate decreased rapidly and is followed by a sequence of thrusts and compressional tectonics between the two plates which then triggered the development of the Himalayan Mountain belt. It is believed that the initial collision occurred close to the equator where deposits of bauxite is found within the stratigraphy of the foreland basin overlying a silicified chert breccia strata existing on the pre-existing basement of the basin. The chert breccia strata was interpreted as a growth fault in the fold thrust belt as a result of compressional tectonics.
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The lantern of Makapuu Point Light, showing the hyperradiant lens within; note the people on the gallery Hyper-radial or hyperradiant Fresnel lenses are Fresnel lenses used in lighthouses. They are larger than "first-order" lenses, having a focal length (radius) of 1330 mm (52.36 inches). The idea was mentioned by Thomas Stevenson in 1869 and first proposed by John Richardson Wigham in 1872, and again proposed by Thomas Stevenson in 1885 (infringing Wigham's patent). The hyper-radial lens was made in 1885 by the F. Barbier Company in Paris as a test lens for the lighthouse illumination trials then going on at the South Foreland Lighthouse in the United Kingdom (UK).
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In October 1940, Hambledon was selected to participate in Operation Lucid, a plan to use fire ships to attack German invasion barges in ports in northern France, but bad weather forced the Royal Navy to abort the operation on several occasions and it was never carried out. On 7 October 1940, during operations related to Lucid, she suffered major damage to her after structure from the explosion of an acoustic mine in the English Channel off South Foreland at position , losing one rating killed and two injured. The destroyer towed her to Sheerness, and she was taken to Chatham Dockyard for repairs, which lasted until May 1941, and the installation of Type 285 fire-control radar for her armament.
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The Windermere Supergroup is a geological unit formed during the Ordovician to Silurian periods ~, and exposed in northwest England, including the Pennines and correlates along its strike, in the Isle of Man and Ireland, and down-dip in the Southern Uplands and Welsh Borderlands. It underlies much of north England's younger cover, extending south to East Anglia. It formed as a foreland basin, in a similar setting to the modern Ganges basin, fronting the continent of Avalonia as the remains of the attached Iapetus ocean subducted under Laurentia. The supergroup comprises the Dent Group of turbiditic limestones, and the overlying series of shales, grits and greywackes of the Stockdale Group, Tranearth Group, Coniston Group and Kendal Group.
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Sinclair's model of foreland basins has remained the state of the art for over a decade, and his four-stage model provides a good match for the Windermere supergroup. In the first stage, an orogenic wedge (here, the mountains of the Southern Uplands accretionary wedge) loads a passive margin, causing flexural subsidence and providing accommodation space. A "forebulge", caused by the rigidity of the crust flexing up behind the load, causes uplift and permits erosion. As the bulge moves backwards, it leaves shallow waters in its wake, which can be filled with carbonates, while hemipelagic sediments and turbidites continue to fill the deeper parts of the basin, leaving a "trinity" of facies --- this is stage 2.
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The open water of the lake belongs entirely to the district of Diepholz, but on its western shore the district of Vechta extends up to the dyke foreland. Near Dümmerlohausen the district boundary comes within a few metres of the shoreline. To the southwest by the mouth of the River Hunte a tip of the territory of the district of Osnabrück advances to within half a kilometre of the lake. Whilst Diepholz district belonged to the Electorate of Hanover from 1585 (County of Diepholz) and 1582 (County of Hoya), the territory of the district of Vechta belonged for centuries to the Diocese of Münster and only became part of Oldenburg in 1803 after the German Mediatisation.
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It is documented in many cases that faulting may develop from detachment folding or through the kinematic mechanisms involved with folding.Bowsworth, W. (1983) Foreland deformation in the Appalachian Plateau, central New York: the role of small-scale detachment structures in regional overthrusting, Journal of Structural Geology, 6, 1-2, 73-81 In general, faulting may occur during fault slip and detachment folding in two ways. Firstly, faulting may be induced when progressive folding or tightening of a folded limb reaches its maximum fold geometry resulting in a transition from folding to shearing. Secondly, it has been suggested a fault may propagate into the anticlinal core if material flow and accommodation space are not at equilibrium.
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The Chitarwata Formation is a geological formation in western Pakistan, made up of Oligocene and early Miocene terrestrial fluvial facies. The sediments were deposited in coastal depositional environments (estuarine, strandplain and tidal flats) when Pakistan was partly covered by the Tethys Ocean. Paleomagnetic data indicates an age range of around 28 to 17 million years ago, with its base in the Oligocene, and its upper boundary, where it meets the overlying Vihowa Formation, of the Early Miocene. Together with the Vihowa Formation, the Chitarwata Formation records the sedimentation of the Himalayan foreland basin during the collision of the Indian and Asian tectonic plates, the transition from marginal marine to fluvial environments, and the rise of the Himalayas.
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The Rub' al Khali Basin () or / Basin, Arabic for "Empty Quarter Basin", is a major endorheic sedimentary basin of approximately in southern Saudi Arabia, northeastern Yemen, southeastern Oman and southeasternmost United Arab Emirates. The onshore foreland on Mesozoic rift basin is geographically defined by the eponymous Rub' al Khali and covers the regions of Najran and Riyadh and the Eastern Province. The basin is geologically bound by the Central Arabian Arch in the north, the Oman Thrust in the east, the Northern Hadramaut Arch in the south and the Arabian Shield in the west. Politically, the southwestern boundary is formed by the border with Yemen and the border with Oman forms the southeastern boundary.
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Munich gravel plain near Ottobrunn According to an unambiguous stratigraphic record the formation process extended over three glacial periods. The massive Central Alpine pleistocene glaciers, that almost reached to the area of modern Munich, discharged not only water but also large amounts of soil and rock into the Alpine Foreland. When the glaciers melted during interglacial warm periods, huge quantities of gravel, debris and water were released and flushed to the north, where they were mainly deposited on the Munich gravel plain. The lowest strata contains solidified deposits from the Mindel glaciation, above it lies gravel from the Riss glaciation, which in turn is covered by the youngest layer, the rock scree from the Würm glaciation.
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Caledonian schist and gneiss form a hard cap at the top of Saivaara (a mountain in Enontekiö) covering the sedimentary rocks of the lower part of the mountain The youngest rocks in Finland are those found near Kilpisjärvi in Enontekiö (the northwesternmost part of the country's northwestern arm).Puustinen, K., Saltikoff, B. and Tontti, M. (2000) Metallic Mineral Deposits Map of Finland, 1:1 million, Espoo, Geological Survey of Finland These rocks belong to the Scandinavian Caledonides that assembled in Paleozoic times. During the Caledonian orogeny Finland was likely a sunken foreland basin covered by sediments; subsequent uplift and erosion would have eroded all of these sediments. In Finland, Caledonian nappes overlie shield rocks of Archean age.
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Restoration of two Guanlong and a Yinlong, contemporaries of the unnamed crocodyliform in the Shishugou Formation The specimen was recovered from the Shishugou Formation, a succession of sedimentary rocks that was deposited at the northeastern margin of the Junggar foreland basin and is about in thickness. The formation is dated to the Late Jurassic, around 161 to 157 million years ago. The unnamed crocodyliform occurs in the upper part of the formation, which represents a variety of environments, including alluvial fans and alluvial plains, streams, wetlands, and shallow lakes. During the time when The unnamed crocodyliform lived, the environment would have been consistently warm and dry, judging by the abundance of coal and carbon-rich deposits.
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It is derived from Hügel, a low hill or hillock and appears frequently as a proper name for this type of terrain. The term Hügelland is not unambiguously defined, even in German. For example, on the plains of North Germany, Poland or Hungary it may be applied to terrain with a height variation of just 50 metres, whilst in the Alpine Foreland or in the Pre-Alps it might refer to terrain with a height difference of at least 100–200 metres. On the other hand, some scholars prefer to define Hügelland by its height above sea level; for example, applying it to terrain between 200 and 500 metres above sea level.
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In the east, between Haflong and Dauki, the beds north of the fault are mostly horizontal or dip gently down to the south, while those of the south of the fault dip more steeply and in places are nearly vertical. There is extensive shattering in a belt several kilometres wide along the fault. West of Haflong, where the fault has little stratigraphical throw, the geosynclinal facies of the Eocene approaches within 7 km of the Kopili beds which are part of the calcareous shelf facies of the Eocene, and which immediately overlie the Sylhet Limestone. In the North Cachar Hills it overrides all the lower thrusts to rest directly on the Foreland Spur.
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Later, other designs of whistle were trialled, as well as a steam 'syren' (provided by Joseph Henry) and three types of gun (operated by gunners from Dover Castle). Tyndall's recommendation was that the siren should provide the standard fog signal at major landfall stations, with reeds judged suitable at some sites; by 1884 sirens were in use at 22 coastal stations and on 16 lightships. Tyndall presented wider conclusions on the acoustic effects of different atmospheric conditions in a paper delivered to the Royal Society the following year. In 1876 Tyndall was again engaged to make a comparative study at South Foreland, this time of two different types of electric generator: the magneto and the dynamo.
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2 while the top of the Tremp Formation, in the western portion of the basin overlain by the Alveolina Limestone,Serra Kiel et al., 1994, p.276 named due to the abundance of Alveolina, is set at 56 Ma.Barnolas & Gil Peña, 2001, p.24 On the northern side of the Axial Zone of the Pyrenees, in the French sub-Pyrenean zone and Aquitaine Platform of the foreland basin bordering the mountain range, the time-equivalent stratigraphic units of the Tremp Formation are the Mas d'Azil Formation and Marnes d'Auzas Formation for the latest Maastrichtian, the Entonnoir Formation for the Danian and the Rieubach Group correlating with the Thanetian portion of the Tremp Formation.
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The Duchy's smaller exclaves were Thedinghausen near Bremen, Harzburg, Calvörde, Bodenburg and Östrum, Ostharingen near Goslar, Ölsburg near Peine and a small woodland near the Fallstein. The Duchy of Brunswick was almost entirely surrounded by the Prussian Provinces of Hanover and Saxony, in the south-east it also bordered the Duchy of Anhalt and in the west the Principality of Waldeck-Pyrmont and the Prussian Province of Westphalia. The western part of the Duchy lay in the Weser Uplands, the central and southern parts in the northern Harz Foreland and the Harz mountains. The northern part was located on the border between the North German Plain and the Central Uplands of Germany.
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The Clinton Group (also referred to as the Clinton Formation or the Clinton Shale) is a mapped unit of sedimentary rock found throughout eastern North America. The interval was first defined by the geologist Lardner Vanuxem, who derived the name from the village of Clinton in Oneida County, New York where several well exposed outcrops of these strata can be found. The Clinton Group and its lateral equivalents extend throughout much of the Appalachian Foreland Basin, a major structural and depositional province extending from New York to Alabama. The term has been employed in Kentucky, Maryland, Michigan, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia, though in many of these areas the same interval is referred to as the Rose Hill, Rockwood, or Red Mountain Formations.
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Geophysical methods in the form of seismic analysis has also been used to determine movement along the thrust sheet. In one study, seismic data recorded along the 49°N parallel (the border between Canada and the US) was recorded from the Rocky Mountain trench fault in the foreland belt to the east flank of the Moyie anticline of the Purcell anticlinorium, which is thought to be the location where the Lewis fault tapers off. Seismic data produced showed total displacement of 115 km of the Lewis thrust sheet. This was done by locating the position of the footwall cutoff of the Lewis sheet which is interpreted in the seismic section as truncated reflectors at 11–15 km depth underlying the Purcell anticlinorium and overlying the basement reflectors.
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Evidence for the local high temperatures within the fault zone indicate that local areas of frictional stress must have existed, with the possibility of this occurring due to ramps in the fault plane where drainage of high pore pressures may have occurred. Moreover, samples from the hanging wall collected in close proximity to the fault plane show no evidence for heating during progressive burial of sediments. This absence of evidence for heating during faulting is indicative of low frictional stress and therefore, low rates of slip. This shows solid agreement with the evolution of the Canadian Rocky mountain foreland thrust and fold belt, including the Lewis thrust sheet which has been interpreted to have developed and commenced movement in pulses.
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Location map of the Paradox BasinVito F. Nuccio and Steven M. Condon (1996) Burial and Thermal History of the Paradox Basin, Utah and Colorado, and Petroleum Potential of the Middle Pennsylvanian Paradox Formation, US Geological Survey, Bulletin 2000-O The Paradox Basin is an asymmetric foreland basin located mostly in southeast Utah and southwest Colorado, but extending into northeast Arizona and northwest New Mexico. The basin is a large elongate northwest to southeast oriented depression formed during the late Paleozoic Era. The basin is bordered on the east by the tectonically uplifted Uncompahgre Plateau, on the northwest by the San Rafael Swell and on the west by the Circle Cliffs Uplift. Its areal size is around 33,000 square miles (85470 km2).
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Map of Valle Padusa (1570) The Po Plain, which is a foreland basin formed by the of the crust by the loading of the Apennine thrust sheets, overlies and mainly conceals the active front of the Northern Apennines fold and thrust belt, across which there is about 1 mm per year of active shortening at present. Information from hydrocarbon exploration demonstrates that the area is underlain by a series of active thrust faults and related folds, some of which have been detected from anomalous drainage patterns. These blind thrust faults are roughly west-northwest–east-southeast- trending, parallel to the mountain front, and dip shallowly towards the south- southwest. The 1570 earthquake has been linked to movement on the outermost and northernmost of these thrusts.
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The Pyrenees sensu stricto stretch in a west-northwest-east-southeast-direction (N 110) over 430 km from the Bay of Biscay in the west to the Golfe du Lion and the Golf de Roses in the east, their width across strike varying between 65 and 150 km. They are bounded in the north by the North Pyrenean Front (French: Front nord- pyrénéen, also North Pyrenean frontal fault or NPFF), a major thrust fault along which units from the North Pyrenean Zone have been transported over the Subpyrenean Zone, southernmost part of the Aquitaine Basin, their northern foreland. Their southern limit is the South Pyrenean Frontal Fault. Here, thrust slices from the Sierras Marginales and their lateral equivalents are displaced southward over the Ebro Basin.
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Tumim's father, Algernon Malcolm Borthwick, was chairperson of the family- owned global meat-importing business, served in the Gordon Highlanders as a lieutenant-colonel in the Second World War, winning the Military Cross, and was unsuccessful in getting elected to the House of Commons as a Conservative Party MP in the 1945 United Kingdom general election. He was married to Edith Wylde (née Addison) and was a descendant of Scottish landowners from Midlothian; Tumim's great-grandfather Thomas Borthwick was appointed a peer but died before the issuing of letters patent in 1915. Tumim was born Winifred Letitia Borthwick at Wethersfield Place, Wethersfield, Braintree, Essex, on 3 June 1936 and grew up at the home. She was educated at North Foreland Lodge School.
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Collision of this Archean crust in the south with the Superior craton in the North caused a period of intense crustal shortening. Rocks of the Pembine–Wassau terrane were thrust up over and onto the Superior craton, forming a mountain range that covered all but the northernmost portion of Lake Superior, crossed parts of three US states (south-central Minnesota, northern Wisconsin, and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan), and continued to the southernmost tip of Ontario, Canada. Loading of the lithosphere by these thrust sheets caused it to flex downwards, forming a foreland basin at around 1850 million years ago in the south and 1835 million years ago in the north. The Rove Formation was deposited in the northern basin.
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Three searchlight batteries – known as the Langdon Lights – were built into the base of the bay's cliffs during World War II, so that any ship trying to enter the bay could be illuminated while it was checked, though one battery has since been destroyed by a cliff fall.Langdon Lights The area above the cliffs is now a chalk downland nature reserve owned by the National Trust, looking down on Dover Harbour and the Channel, and centred on the 'Gateway to the White Cliffs' Visitor Centre. Large parts of this reserve, and of this section of clifftop in general, is an SSSI, AONB and Heritage Coast.National Trust website Another nearby historic site is the South Foreland Lighthouse, also a NT property.
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In all there have been eight lighthouses at Dungeness: five main (or 'high') lights (of which the fifth is still fully operational today), and three subsidiary (or 'low') lights. The addition of a subsidiary light became necessary owing to the constant accretion of shingle on the east side of the spit (an ongoing problem on this cuspate foreland), which gradually leaves each lighthouse at an ever-increasing distance from the sea on that side. In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries Dungeness was used as an experimental station by Trinity House; in the 1860s it was the first of their lighthouses to be equipped with a fog horn and the first to be given a permanent (if short-lived) electric lamp.
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The Schwarzer Grat stands in the southwest of Baden-Württemberg and belongs to the small mountain range of Adelegg, which is roughly north of the Allgäu Alps and extends far into the northern Alpine Foreland. The boundary with Bavaria and the county of Oberallgäu runs just under 300 metres southeast of the top. The summit rises 1.8 km south-southwest of Eschachthal, a village in the Bavarian municipality of Weitnau, and 2.3 km (as the crow flies) north-northeast of Bolsternang, a village in the Württemberg municipality of Isny im Allgäu. Around 950 metres south-southeast of the top of the Schwarzer Grat on the state border rises the peak of the Raggenhorn (1,056.2 m); beyond that is the Weitnau village of Wengen (Bavaria).
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The Paleoproterzoic Penokean orogeny developed in an embayment on the southern margin of the Superior Craton. It extends east from Minnesota to the Grenville orogen near Lake Huron and south to the Central Plain in Wisconsin. It is composed of two domains separated by the Niagara Fault Zone: the southern, internal domain, the Wisconsin Magmatic Terranes, consists of Paleoproterzoic tholeiitic and calc-alkaline island arc rocks and calc-alkaline plutonic rocks; the northern, external domain consists of a continental margin foreland basin overlying an Archaean basement and includes the supracrustal rocks of the Animikie Group and Marquette Range Supergroup. The collision between the two domains around 1.88–1.85 Ga resulted in northward-directed thrusting and folding of the northern domain.
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The nearest parallels to these pottery designs are found in west-central France. In particular, there is evidence of contact exposure to the Bronze D (Bz D) rilled-ware province of the Paris basin and the north-west Alpine foreland, and to a lesser extent also to the Rhine-Swiss-French (RSF) group of Hallstatt A (Ha A). Early radiocarbon dates for the first Celts in the southwest of the Iberian peninsula of around 800 BC at Segovia just north of Elvas in Portugal to the north-north-east of Beja and of around 700 BC at Faro to the south, but within this cultural area, support this association. Approximately 130 Late Bronze Age (LBA) 'warrior' stelae ranging from c. 1300 to c.
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Brian K. Horton (born March 23, 1970) is an American geologist, currently the Alexander Deussen Professor of Energy Resources at the Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin. He studies sedimentary geology and tectonics, with emphasis on foreland basins and fold and thrust belts. His research addresses nonmarine depositional systems (including fluvial megafans), sediment provenance, river catchment evolution, and mountain building along convergent plate margins (including the Tibetan Plateau, Zagros Mountains, and North American Cordillera), with a focus on the evolution of the Andes Mountains and Amazon Basin. Horton received the Geological Society of America Donath Medal (Young Scientist Award) in 2004, an Alexander von Humboldt Foundation fellowship in 2005-2006, and the Society for Sedimentary Geology (SEPM) William R. Dickinson Medal in 2018.
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Map showing the location of Trinidad and its main hydrocarbon assets with respect to the location of the East Venezuela Basin The Columbus Basin is a foreland basin located off the south eastern coast of Trinidad within the East Venezuela Basin (EVB). Due to the intensive deformation occurring along the Caribbean and South American plates in this region, the basin has a unique structural and stratigraphic relationship. The Columbus Basin has been a prime area for hydrocarbon exploration and production as its structures, sediments and burial history provide ideal conditions for generation and storage of hydrocarbon reserves. The Columbus Basin serves as a depocenter for the Orinoco River delta, where it is infilled with 15 km of fluvio-deltaic sediment.
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According to the sediment composition retrieved from deep-sea cores there must even have been times of seasonally open waters. Outside the main ice sheets, widespread glaciation occurred on the highest mountains of the Alps−Himalaya mountain chain. In contrast to the earlier glacial stages, the Würm glaciation was composed of smaller ice caps and mostly confined to valley glaciers, sending glacial lobes into the Alpine foreland. The Pyrenees, the highest massifs of the Carpathian Mountains and the Balkanic peninsula mountains and to the east the Caucasus and the mountains of Turkey and Iran were capped by local ice fields or small ice sheets. In the Himalaya and the Tibetan Plateau, glaciers advanced considerably, particularly between 47,000–27,000 BP, but these datings are controversial.
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Part of the Northern Limestone Alps, its steep Dachstein cliffs form the northeastern rim of a large karst plateau and are visible from afar across the Alpine Foreland. Großer Priel massif, seen from Linz First mentioned as Pruell in a 1584 deed, it was denoted as mons altissimus totius provintzia in the 1667 map of Upper Austria by geographer Georg Matthäus Vischer. The prominent peak was also mentioned in the travelogues of Archduke John of Austria in 1810; a first touristic ascent is documented in 1817, followed by the climb of Archduke Louis of Austria in 1819. A summit cross was erected in 1870, at the time when the Totes Gebirge range was gradually opened to mountaineers by the Austrian Tourist Club.
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In the Crab & Lobster Inn are photographs of the many shipwrecks, which included the submarine HMS Alliance, now a museum ship at Gosport and the First World War troopship the S.S. Mehndi carrying troops from South Africa, with great loss of life. Foreland Fields includes Bembridge ledge, an area formerly popular with shipwrecks and smuggling, but also for crab and lobster fishing; there is a Coastguard Station. The channel through the interior of the Bembridge Ledges is known as "Dickie Dawes Gut" after a notorious local smuggler (and father of the courtesan Sophie Dawes) due to his feat of escaping the excise men by superior local navigational knowledge. There was a pillbox built in the Second World War, now subsumed in the sea defences.
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The Strait of Dover or Dover Strait, historically known as the Dover Narrows ( - Strait of Calais; or the lesser used Straat van Dover), is the strait at the narrowest part of the English Channel, marking the boundary between the Channel and North Sea, separating Great Britain from continental Europe. The shortest distance across the strait, , is from the South Foreland, northeast of Dover in the English county of Kent, to Cap Gris Nez, a cape near to Calais in the French département of Pas-de-Calais. Between these points lies the most popular route for cross-channel swimmers. The entire strait is within the territorial waters of France and the United Kingdom, but a right of transit passage under the UNCLOS exists allowing unrestricted shipping.
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Barnett Glacier () is a large glacier in the Anare Mountains that flows east along the south side of Tapsell Foreland into Smith Inlet, northern Victoria Land, Antarctica. It was mapped by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) from surveys and from U.S. Navy air photos, 1960–63, and named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names after Donald C. Barnett, USGS topographic engineer, a member of USGS Topo East and West, 1962–63, in which the expedition extended geodetic control from the area of Cape Hallett to the Wilson Hills (Topo West) and from the foot of Beardmore Glacier through the Horlick Mountains (Topo East). The glacier lies on the Pennell Coast, a portion of Antarctica lying between Cape Williams and Cape Adare.
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Panoramic view of Magheraclogher beach and Gweedore Bay, also the site of the famous shipwreck, the Cara Na Mara (Friend of the Sea) on the tidal sandbanks. The boat, best known as 'Bád Eddie' (Eddie's Boat), ran ashore due to rough seas in the early 1970s The Roman Catholic parish of Gweedore has four churches: Teach Pobal Mhuire (St Mary's) in Derrybeg (built in 1972, after the previous 'old chapel' had flooded on many occasions), Teach Pobail an Chroí Naofa (Sacred Heart) in Dunlewey (built in 1877), Teach Pobail Naomh Pádraig (St Patrick's) in Meenaweel (built in 1938) and Séipéal Cholmcille (St Columba's) in Bloody Foreland (built in 1933). The only Protestant church in Gweedore is St Patrick's Church of Ireland, in Bunbeg.
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The Wind River Basin is shown highlighted on a map of the western United States Wind River Basin and adjacent structures in northeast Wyoming The Wind River Basin or Shoshone Basin is a semi-arid intermontane foreland basin in central Wyoming, United States. It is bounded by Laramide uplifts on all sides. On the west is the Wind River Range and on the North are the Absaroka Range and the Owl Creek Mountains. The Casper Arch separates the Wind River from the Powder River Basin to the east and the Sweetwater Uplift (Granite Range) lies to the south. The basin contains a sequence of 10,000–12,000 feet (3000–3700 meters) of predominantly marine sediments deposited during the Paleozoic and Mesozoic Eras.
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Recently, fossils of plant sporangia have been found in Oman with cryptospores showing concentric lamellae in their walls, similar to liverworts. The earliest known cryptospores are from Middle Ordovician (Dapingian) strata of Argentina. Spores from the Lindegård Mudstone (late Katian–early Hirnantian) represent the earliest record of early land plant spores from Sweden and possibly also from Baltica and implies that land plants had migrated to the palaeocontinent Baltica by at least the Late Ordovician. This discovery reinforces the earlier suggestion that the migration of land plants from northern Gondwana to Baltica in the Late Ordovician was facilitated by the northward migration of Avalonia, which is evidenced by the co-occurrence of reworked, Early–Middle Ordovician acritarchs, possibly suggesting an Avalonian provenance in a foreland basin system.
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The steep escarpment indicates vertical displacement along the Dauki Fault Zone where the Bangladesh plains subside actively. Though the Dauki Fault Zone is shown as a single fault line on the geological map of Bangladesh (1990) but the images show that it is the combination of a number of en-echelon faults trending in different directions, making the fault scraps zigzag rather than a straight line. Spread between the block faulted Palaeogene sediments of the Northern Foreland Shelf and the block faulted Piedmont deposits of Plio-Pleistocene age of the Garo Hills, the Dauki Fault is a structural unit of considerable regional importance. The northeastern part of the Bengal Basin experiences strong seismicity believed to be caused by the Dauki Fault System.
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Topographic map of the Pyrenees, the Tremp-Graus Basin is located just south of the lake southeast of Andorra The Montsec is visible as an east-west running brown ridge Paleogeography of Europe in the Maastrichtian Overview of different units and fossil sites in the Tremp Formation The Tremp Formation (, ), alternatively described as Tremp Group (), is a geological formation in the comarca Pallars Jussà, Lleida, Spain. The formation is restricted to the Tremp or Tremp-Graus Basin (), a piggyback foreland basin in the Catalonian Pre-Pyrenees. The formation dates to the Maastrichtian to Thanetian,Pujalte & Schmitz, 2005, p.82 thus the formation includes the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary that has been well studied in the area, using paleomagnetism and carbon and oxygen isotopes.
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The proximity of Deal's shoreline to the notorious Goodwin Sands has made its coastal waters a source of both shelter and danger through the history of sea travel in British waters. The Downs, the water between the town and the sands, provides a naturally sheltered anchorage. Positioned at the eastern end of the English Channel, this is where sailing vessels would wait for a favourable wind, either to proceed into the North Sea, or, heading to the west, down the Channel. Ships going from London (the largest port in the world for much of the age of sail) to the Channel would leave under a fair wind (largely westerly), would turn south past the North Foreland and then find the same wind to be against them to go any further.
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In 1774 Prince Grigori Potemkin was appointed governor of Novorossiysk Governorate, and after the destruction of the Zaporozhian Sich, he started founding cities in the region and encouraging foreign settlers. The city of Yekaterinoslav was founded in 1776, not in the current location, but at the confluence of the River Samara with the River Kil'chen' at Loshakivka, north of the Dnieper. On May 8, 1775, after the end of the Russian-Turkish War, Russian authorities opened a postal station and track which linked Kremenchuk, Kinburn foreland and Ochakiv, all locations of the Imperial Russian Army. In December 1796, Paul I reestablished the Novorossiysk Governorate, mostly with land from the former Yekaterinoslav Viceroyalty. In 1802, this province was divided into the Nikolayev Governorate (known as the Kherson Governorate from 1803), Yekaterinoslav Governorate, and the Taurida Governorate.
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In addition, transport planners were already forging other plans, like an Ilmenau–Suhl connection, which would form part of a Berlin–Stuttgart route, and an Ilmenau–Saalfeld connection. Prussia urged Suhl (which, along with Erfurt, belonged to Prussia) to build a connection to the northern Thuringian foreland to provide an efficient access to the arms industry in Suhl. A further extension of the line via Stützerbach to Suhl, which had already been envisaged by the planners in the early planning phase, was not carried out, since no agreement was reached between the small states of the Thuringian area affected by the line and the construction costs were too high. Under this option, an approximately 2000 m-long tunnel would have been built under the ridge of the Thuringian Forest in the Schmücke/Großer Finsterberg area.
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Thomas Luny, A Packet Boat Under Sail in a Breeze off the South Foreland (1780) Marine art was especially popular in Britain during the Romantic Era, and taken up readily by British artists in part because of England's geographical form (an island).Brook-Hart, 1-7. This article deals with marine art as a specialized genre practised by artists who did little or nothing else, and does not cover the marine works of the leading painters of the period, such as, and above all, J.M.W. Turner. The tradition of British marine art as a specialized genre with a strong emphasis on the shipping depicted began in large part with the artists Willem Van de Velde the Elder and his son, called the Younger in the early 18th century.
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The earliest event recorded in the terrane is the intrusion of the protoliths to the Scourian gneisses at about 3.0-2.7 Ga. Blocks within the Lewisian complex were then juxtaposed by Inverian and Laxfordian deformation from about 2.4-1.7 Ga. At about 1200 Ma, the terrane was affected by extensional tectonics causing rifting and the deposition of the thick coarse clastic sequence of the Torridonian. This was interrupted by a tilting event of unknown origin that caused a hiatus of about 200 Ma, followed by further deposition. At the start of the Cambrian, there was a marine transgression and deposition of shallow marine sandstone and carbonates continuing into the Ordovician. In the Silurian the terrane became involved in the Caledonian continental collision, with the Highland Terrane being thrust over this segment of the Laurentian foreland.
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204 At the end of May 1940 Oronsay was involved with the evacuation of the families of Royal Navy personnel from Malta. On 14 August 1940, she sailed from Liverpool bound for Halifax with 351 evacuated children under the Children's Overseas Reception Board scheme. On 8 October 1940, Oronsay, while part of a convoy from the Clyde to Egypt carrying troops, was bombed and damaged by Focke-Wulf Fw 200 aircraft of I Staffel, Kampfgeschwader 40, Luftwaffe at a position 70 miles off Bloody Foreland, County Donegal Ireland. According to at least one eyewitness,The Bombing of the SS 'Oronsay', 1940 by L Jackson BBC - WW2 People's War no bombs actually hit the ship, but the engines were damaged by the blast and the rest of the convoy, with escort, sailed on.
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In most zones of continent-continent collision the relative movement of the plates is oblique to the plate boundary itself. The deformation along the boundary is normally partitioned into dip-slip contractional structures in the foreland with a single large strike-slip structure in the hinterland accommodating all the strike-slip component along the boundary. Examples include the Main Recent Fault along the boundary between the Arabian and Eurasian plates behind the Zagros fold and thrust belt,Talebian, M. Jackson, J. 2004. A reappraisal of earthquake focal mechanisms and active shortening in the Zagros mountains of Iran Geophysical Journal International, 156, pages 506–526 the Liquiñe-Ofqui Fault that runs through Chile and the Great Sumatran fault that runs parallel to the subduction zone along the Sunda Trench.
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View of Kingsgate Bay to the south with Kingsgate Castle and the North Foreland lighthouse being just visible on the right of the photo. Cliffs to the north of Kingsgate Bay, Thanet, Kent Kingsgate is a hamlet in St Peter's parish, Broadstairs, Kent. The name Kingsgate is related to an incidental landing of Charles II on 30 June 1683 (‘gate’ referring to a cliff-gap) though other English monarchs have also used this cove, such as George II in 1748.Kingsgate Kent - A vision of Britain through time Kingsgate is the location of Holland House built between 1762 and 1768 by Henry Fox, 1st Baron Holland, of Holland House in Kensington, which was accessed from the beach through a stone arched gate originally named Barthelmas Gate and renamed later to Kings Gate.
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Therapnes covers the hill country on the east bank of the Eurotas River northeast to the slopes of Mt. Parnon. The Local Communities are each centered around a village. Each village has a history of its own, but the basis making Therapnes a distinct unit is the presence of the ruins of ancient Therapne, a Bronze Age city that stood on a ridge on the left bank of the Eurotas River, overlooking the Eurotas Valley and the site of Dorian Sparta, today's city of Sparti. The villages of Therapnes are in essence on or near the old road that led from Therapne or Dorian Sparta over Platanaki Pass just south of the main peak of Parnon to what is now South Kynouria in the eastern foreland of Parnonas and the Argolic and Myrtoan Gulfs.
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North Foreland lighthouse in about 1890, showing the keepers' cottages and modernised tower. In June 1860 a red sector was added to the light, which shone northwards 'to enable vessels at night to keep to the eastward of Margate Sand'.London Gazette, Issue 22401, Page 2544, 6 July 1860 In 1880 the light characteristic was changed from fixed to occulting (being eclipsed for five seconds every half minute);London Gazette, Issue 24871, Page 4322, 6 August 1880 In 1884 the lighthouse was restored and improved: the interior of the tower (which had previously contained rooms on several storeys) was completely gutted and an inner circular brick wall was constructed, which supported a new cantilevered stone staircase leading from ground level to the service room, immediately below the lantern.
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The Innerste Uplands cover the catchment area of the Innerste southeast of Hildesheim and southwest to south of Salzgitter as far as Goslar and Seesen on the northwestern edge of the Harz. To the north the area is bounded by the Hildesheim Börde, to the west by the Leine Uplands and to the southeast by the North Harz Foreland. Its central and southern areas are dominated by the Ambergau, a depression dissected by the Nette, a tributary of the Innerste. In and around the Innerste Uplands there are the following clearly defined ridges, most of which are cuestas and some of which lie on the boundary with neighbouring landscape regions (listed in alphabetical order): Giesen Hills, Hainberg, Harplage, Heber, Hildesheim Forest, Salzgitter Ridge (including the Lichtenberge), Sauberge and Vorholz.
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The initiation of the Northern German Basin took place in the Late Carboniferous approximately 295-285 Ma (Million Years Ago) in association collapse of the Variscan Orogeny due to wrenching tectonics in the over-thickened crust in the northern foreland of the Variscan Orogeny. The initiation formed by crustal rifting and wrenching in addition to huge amounts of volcanism(>40,000 km3 ) and magmatism, can only be approximately dated due to the extensive (>250 Ma) poly-phased subsidence of the region. The most evident dating method has been done using SHRIMP (Sensitive High-Resolution Ion Microprobe) Zircon ages, allowing for dating of sediments produced during the magmatic flare-up during the Permian. The wrench tectonics, magmatic inflation, and mantle lithosphere erosion took place gave a regional uplift allowing for an increase in crustal erosion.
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Zircon ages also suggest possible recycling of older sediment through uplift related to accretion of arc terranes along the westernmost North America, but that recycling of Cordilleran foreland basin sediments was not a major contributor. Comparison of Upper and Lower Wilcox zircon age-spectra indicate that Lower Wilcox sediments are richer in arc and volcanic material, whereas Upper Wilcox sediments are richer in basement material. Regional trends in detrital zircon age‐spectra indicate that Upper Wilcox sediments are moderately homogeneous over the region studied, whereas the Lower Wilcox shows significant heterogeneity. The drainage area for the Gulf of Mexico during the Paleocene and Eocene was larger than previously thought, encompassing not only the Laramide basement uplifts, but the volcanic province of northern Mexico and possibly Cordilleran tectonic regions along the westernmost North America.
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Portsmouth Block Mills were the site of the world's first metal machine tools, built for the manufacture of wooden pulleys, invented by Henry Maudslay, and the site of the world's first industrial assembly line in 1803. South Foreland Lighthouse on 8 December 1858 was the world's first lighthouse with electric light, with the first type of industrial electrical generator made by Frederick Hale Holmes, from work he had carried out with Floris Nollet of Belgium, and 36 permanent magnets. By 1880, of the ten lighthouses with electric light, five were in the UK. From the lighthouse in 1899, the first international radio broadcast to France was made. Zénobe Gramme of Belgium made a much better design in 1870 with self- excitation of magnets, and the first modern dynamo.
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The economy and environment of the 4th and 3rd millennia BC in the northern Alpine foreland based on studies of animal bones. Environmental Archaeology 11(1): 49-65 making Chur one of the oldest settlements in Switzerland. Remains and objects from the Bronze and Iron Ages have also been found in the eastern sector of the current city's centre. These include Bronze Age Urnfield and Luco-Meluno settlements from 1300-800 BC and Iron Age settlements from the 5th to 3rd centuries BC. The Roman Empire conquered the area that then came to be known as the Roman province of Raetia in 15 BC. Under emperor Diocletian (late 3rd century AD), the existing settlement of Curia Raetorum (later Chur) was made the capital of the newly established province of Raetia prima.
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Acer alaskense was described from a solitary specimen, the holotype (number "USNM 396009"), which is currently preserved in the paleobotanical collections housed at the National Museum of Natural History, part of the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C.. The specimen was studied by paleobotanists Jack A. Wolfe of the United States Geological Survey, Denver office and Toshimasa Tanai of Hokkaido University. Wolfe and Tanai published their 1987 type description for A. alaskense in the Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University. The etymology of the chosen specific name alaskense is in recognition of the type locality in the state of Alaska. A. alaskense is the oldest occurrence of the maple genus, Acer, with the second-oldest being A. douglasense from the Early Eocene sediments of the Paleocene-Eocene West Foreland Formation.
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Nearby is the Winzenburg, a refuge castle in area with a rampart made of stone blocks and earth, which has been used since the New Stone Age as a refuge for up to 100 people. In 1860 the Winzenburg Tower was built there; an observation tower which is now closed. View from the Roßtrappe into the Bode Gorge with the summit cross in the foreground. From the Rosstrappe there is a view of the rocks on the Hexentanzplatz, ("Witches Dance Floor") the Steinerne Kirche ("Stone Church"), the Bode Gorge, the Harz Foreland, the town of Thale and the highest peak in the Harz, the Brocken. According to legend, a giant by the name of Bodo once followed the king’s beautiful daughter, Brunhilde, whom he wanted to marry against her will.
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Dresden is the second largest city on the River Elbe after Hamburg. Most of the city's population lives in the Elbe Valley, but a large, albeit very sparsely populated area of the city east of the Elbe lies in the West Lusatian Hill Country and Uplands (the westernmost part of the Sudetes) and thus in Lusatia, while many boroughs west of the Elbe lie in the foreland of the Ore Mountains as well as in the valleys of the rivers rising there and flowing through Dresden, the longest of which are the Weißeritz and the Lockwitzbach. The name of the city as well as the names of most of its boroughs and rivers are of Slavic origin. Dresden is the second largest city in the Thuringian-Upper Saxon dialect area, following only Leipzig.
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At 1:40pm on 15 November 1940 the sirens were sounded in Margate to alert the town of an air-raid, and the crew of Lord Southborough were mustered in the Margate boathouse. From there they saw the Royal Navy Tug HMS Guardsman explode after she struck a mine off North Foreland headland. Lord Southborough immediately launched to go to the aid of the tug; by the time it arrived at the scene H.M.S. Guardsman had sunk, but the lifeboat was able to rescue seven of the Royal Navy personnel (from a crew of ten) whom they found clinging to pieces of the wreckage. On return the lifeboat's Coxwain reported that he could find no trace of the missing two Royal Navy crewmen, and it was presumed that they had gone down with the vessel.
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The Dutch inflicted significant damage on the English fleet, which lost ten ships in total, with over 1,000 men killed, including two vice-admirals, Sir Christopher Myngs and Sir William Berkeley, and almost 2,000 English were taken prisoner including a third vice-admiral, George Ayscue. Dutch losses were four ships destroyed by fire and over 1,550 men killed, including Lieutenant Admiral Cornelis Evertsen, Vice Admiral Abraham van der Hulst and Rear Admiral Frederik Stachouwer. Although the result was a clear Dutch victory, it did not render the English fleet incapable of further action, as it was able to prevent a Dutch attempt to attack and destroy it at anchor in the Thames estuary in early July. After quickly refitting, the English fleet defeated the Dutch fleet off the North Foreland on 25 July in the St. James's Day Battle.
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The features of the Ridge and Valley province were created approximately 300–400 million years ago during the Ordovician period and Appalachian orogeny—a period of tremendous pressure and rock thrusting that caused the creation of the Appalachian Mountains.Hatcher, Robert D., Jr. "Tracking lower-to-mid-to-upper crustal deformation processes through time and space through three Paleozoic orogenies in the Southern Appalachians using dated metamorphic assemblages and faults," in Abstracts with Programs (Geological Society of America), Vol. 40, No. 6, 513. located online here (Retrieved August 28, 2012)Bartholomew, M.J., and Whitaker, A.E., 2010, "The Alleghanian deformational sequence at the foreland junction of the Central and Southern Appalachians", in Tollo, R.P., Bartholomew, M.J., Hibbard, J.P., and Karabinos, P.M., eds., From Rodinia to Pangea: The Lithotectonic Record of the Appalachian Region, GSA Memoir 206, p. 431-454.
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Nevertheless, the Elder Brethren maintained that electricity 'may still become a most valuable element in lighthouse illumination in some few special cases; but to enable it to become so, or to give a fair estimate of its powers, it must be exhibited under entirely changed conditions from those which now exist'. Lessons learned from the difficulties with electric light at Dungeness led to far more reliable systems being installed in 1871 at Souter Point (the first purpose-built electrically- lit lighthouse) and in 1872 at South Foreland. Costs were also progressively reduced: the operating cost per unit of light of the electric system installed at the Lizard Lighthouses in 1874 was one ninth that of Dungeness. The carbon arc lamp remained in use at Dungeness until 1 October 1875,London Gazette, Issue 24251, Page 4726, 5 October 1875.
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During the subduction to the collisional phases of the orogenic cycle, a tectonic wedge forms on the prowedge (side of the subducting plate) and commonly the retrowedge (continental side) of the orogen. During the continued convergence, the wedge maintains its shape by maintaining its critical angle of taper by the interaction of thickening through basal accretion or foreland propagation (frontal accretion) and thinning through normal faulting and erosion at the upper part of the wedge. Erosion of the wedge significantly impacts the dynamics within the wedge, which promotes exhumation by thrusting mid-crustal rocks to the hanging wall of the wedge. Characteristics of this mode of exhumation include, evidence for strong non coaxial reverse-shearing, pro-grade metamorphism, cooling ages are progressively younger towards deeper structural levels and that exhumation at higher structural levels is coeval to burial of the structural levels.
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Cape Banks is a headland in the Australian state of South Australia located in the gazetted locality of Carpenter Rocks at the south end of Bucks Bay and the north end of Bungaloo Bay on the state's south east coast about west south west of the city of Mount Gambier. The cape is described by one source as being "a rocky point, high, SSE of Cape Buffon" while another source describes it as ‘a cuspate foreland protruding seaward in lee of calcarenite rocks and reefs’. It was named by the Royal Navy officer, James Grant, on 3 December 1800. The navigation aid known as the Cape Banks Lighthouse is not located on the cape but on an unnamed headland located at the northern end of Lighhouse Bay which is the next bay to the north-west of Bucks Bay.
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At Dover in 1940, there were four 6-inch guns with a range of , two 9.2-inch guns with a range of , two modern 6-inch batteries with range and four more 9.2-inch guns on new mountings with a range of and then with supercharging. (After the fall of France, Axis ships could avoid the Dover mine barrage by sailing close to the French coast.) A supercharged naval 14-inch gun could fire shells but was difficult to use against moving targets. The South Foreland Battery of the Dover guns, with their new K-type radar set, tracked the ships of the Brest Group coming up the Channel towards Cap Gris Nez. At the Dover guns fired their first salvo but with visibility down to , there could be no observation of the fall-of-shot.
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The Hexi Corridor is a long, narrow passage stretching for some from the steep Wushaolin hillside near the modern city of Lanzhou to the Jade GateZhihong Wang, Dust in the Wind: Retracing Dharma Master Xuanzang's Western Pilgrimage, 經典雜誌編著, 2006 at the border of Gansu and Xinjiang. There are many fertile oases along the path, watered by rivers flowing from the Qilian Mountains, such as the Shiyang, Jinchuan, Ejin (Heihe), and Shule Rivers. A strikingly inhospitable environment surrounds this chain of oases: the snow-capped Qilian Mountains (the so-called "southern mountains" or "Nanshan") to the south; the Beishan ("northern mountains") mountainous area, the Alashan Plateau, and the vast expanse of the Gobi desert to the north. Geologically, the Hexi Corridor belongs to a Cenozoic foreland basin system on the northeast margin of the Tibetan Plateau.
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Areas underlain by thermally mature generative source rocks in a sedimentary basin are called generative basins or depressions or else hydrocarbon kitchens. Mapping those regional oil and gas generative "hydrocarbon kitchens" is feasible by integrating the existing source rock data into seismic depth maps that structurally follow the source horizon(s). It has been statistically observed at a world scale Gerard Demaison: "The Generative Basin Concept" in: American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG) Memoir #35 : "Petroleum Geochemistry and Basin Evaluation", 1984 , Edited by Gerard Demaison and Roelof J. Murris, that zones of high success ratios in finding oil and gas generally correlate in most basin types (such as intracratonic or rift basins) with the mapped "generative depressions". Cases of long distance oil migration into shallow traps away from the "generative depressions" are usually found in foreland basins.
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Immediately east of the early Andes foreland basins developed and their flexural subsidence caused the ingression of waters from the Atlantic all the way to the front of the orogen in the Maastrichtian. The Andes at the latitudes of 32–36° S experienced a sequence of uplift in the Cenozoic that started in the west and spread to the east. Beginning about 20 million years ago in the Miocene the Principal Cordillera (east of Santiago) began an uplift that lasted until about 8 million years ago. From the Eocene to the early Miocene, sediments accumulated in the Abanico Extensional Basin, a north-south elongated basin in Chile that spanned from 29° to 38° S. Tectonic inversion from 21 to 16 million years ago made the basin to collapse and the sediments to be incorporated to the Andean cordillera.
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The weight of the Falkland-Cape Supergroup mountains caused the continental crust of Southern Africa to sag, forming a retroarc foreland system, into which the Karoo Supergroup was deposited. Eventually much of the Cape Supergroup became buried under these Karoo deposits, only to re-emerge as mountains when upliftment of the subcontinent, about 180 million years ago, and again 20 million years ago, started an episode of continuous erosion that was to remove many kilometers of surface deposits from Southern Africa. Although the tops of the original Cape Fold Mountains were eroded away, they eroded much slower than the considerably softer Karoo deposits to the north. Thus the Cape Fold Belt "erupted" from the eroding African landscape to form the parallel ranges of mountains that run for 800 km along the southern and south-western Cape coastline today.
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Wrocław Valley (Pradolina Wrocławska, Polish) (318.52) - a mesoregion of great length, located in the Silesian Lowlands, with a total west-to-east length of 100 km, and a width of 10-12 km, totalling a surface area of 1220 km². From the north and the north-east, the mesoregion borders the Rościsławska Upland, Oleśnica Plain and the Opole Plain, from the north-west with the Wrocław Plain, the Nysa Kłodzka Valley and Niemodlin Plain. On the very north-western tip, the Wrocław Valley borders the Ścinawski Lowland, Lubin Upland and Legnica Plain, whilst on the north-easternmost tip, it borders the Chełm Upland (Silesian Highlands), and Racibórz Basin. In geological terms, the Wrocław Valley is part of the Silesia-Kraków Monocline and the Sudetes Foreland Monocline, covered in Pleistocene and Holocene geological material, mainly sand, gravel and fluvisols.
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In 1888, her engine was replaced with a triple expansion steam engine which had cylinders of , and diameter by stroke. Rated at 149nhp, it was built by J & J Thomson, Glasgow. On 6 September 1890, Honfleur ran aground at Foreland, Isle of Wight. She was refloated later that day and completed her voyage from Cherbourg, Seine-Maritime, France to Southampton. On 15 October 1891, she fell in with the Dutch steamship Prince Phillipe, which had lost her rudder off Beachy Head, Sussex, but was unable to render any assistance due to the weather. Honfleur assisted in the search for survivors from the LSWR ship , which was wrecked on the Casquets on 30 March 1899. In 1907, she was reboilered, with a boiler from being fitted. She made her last voyage under LSWR ownership on 18 March 1910.
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Souter lighthouse tower at Lizard Point, Marsden The newly built Trevose Head lighthouse, Cornwall, England from "The Illustrated London News" 1847 Spurn Low lighthouse, Spurn Point while still operational Whitby Lighthouse, Ling Hill, Whitby Hartland Point Lighthouse, Devon St Bees lighthouse, St Bees Head, CumbriaEuropa Point Lighthouse, Gibraltar in 1879 North Foreland lighthouse at Broadstairs, Kent about 1880 with modernised light as it was after 1860 Henry Norris (1816-1878) was a British civil engineer born in Poplar, London, the son of several generations of house carpenters. He was the resident engineer for lighthouse construction projects under contract to Trinity House from civil engineers Messrs. Walker & Burges, the firm of James Walker and Alfred Burges, and later on oversaw the building of Souter Lighthouse, the world's first lighthouse specifically designed & built to be powered by electricity. He died at Stratford, London and is buried at Tower Hamlets Cemetery.
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Saints Columbanus and Gallus on Lake Constance, from a 15th-century manuscript No Paleolithic finds have been made in the immediate vicinity of the lake, because the region of Lake Constance was long covered by the Rhine Glacier. The discovery of stone tools (microliths) indicate that hunters and gatherers of the Mesolithic period (Middle Stone Age, 8,000–5,500 BC) frequented the area without settling, however. Only hunting camps have been confirmed. The earliest Neolithic farmers, who belonged to the Linear Pottery culture, also left no traces behind, because the Alpine foreland lay away from the routes along which they had spread during the 6th millennium BC. This changed only in the middle and late Neolithic when shore settlements were established, the so-called pile dwelling and wetland settlements, which have now been uncovered mainly on Lake Überlingen, the Constance Hopper and on the Obersee.
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Dowding regarded convoy escort as wasteful and feared that Fighter Command would be depleted before main battle. The Germans had lost seven reconnaissance aircraft in a week and the were ordered to provide escorts. Bristol Channel On 8 July, the weather was favourable for the , with thick cloud extending from shielding the bombers from RAF fighters. A convoy sailing up the Bristol Channel was shadowed by a Do 17, which was intercepted by 92 Squadron and claimed destroyed, though this is not shown in German records. In the early hours a large CW convoy put to sea from the Thames Estuary to pass Dover at 12:00. At 11:30, a He 111 found near the convoy off the North Foreland was claimed shot down by Spitfires of 74 Squadron and appears to have escaped, though seen on fire, undercarriage down, diving into cloud.
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In addition to the main light a red/white sector light shone from a window in the tower below the lantern, to highlight hazardous rocks to the south; it was powered using light diverted (through a set of mirrors and lenses) from the landward side of the main arc lamp. Carbon arc lights for lighthouses were pioneered by Professor Frederick Hale Holmes with experiments in (1857-60) at Blackwell and South Foreland Lighthouse off the Kent coast (described in a lecture by Michael Faraday at the Royal Institution) and a test installation at Dungeness in 1862 and complete installation at Souter in 1870. Electricity was provided by two of Holmes' own magneto electric generators for which he took out a series of patents during those years. One of the Holmes generators built in 1867 and used at Souter is now on display at the Science Museum, London.
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Map with Roman fortifications (in german) On the banks of the Hron he wrote his philosophical work Meditations The small Roman forts of Zavod and Suchohrad on the Morava river show an intention of penetrating toward northern Bohemia-MoraviaRoman marching camps in Bohemia-Moravia and the Oder river (and perhaps southern Poland Marching or temporary camps of Roman troops in western Slovakia and eastern Moravia). The latest archaeological discoveries which have located new Roman enclosures in the surroundings of Brno led to the conclusion that the advance of Roman troops from Carnuntum could have run further to the north- east, into the region of the Polish-Slovak border. Indeed, recent archaeological excavations and aerial surveying have shown further locations in northeast Moravia: three temporary Roman camps (possibly connected to the Laugaricio fort) situated in the foreland of the so-called Moravian Gate (Olomouc-Neředín, Hulín-Pravčice, Osek) have been partly corroborated, the former two clearly by digging.
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The overall shape of the thrust sheet as it moved north-eastward has a general convex shape towards the foreland. The Lewis sheet is carried by the Lewis thrust fault where the compression and thrusting (in the southern Canadian Rocky Mountains Foothills and Eastern Front ranges) was associated with oblique, right-hand convergence between the Intermontane terrane and the North American craton. This transpression in the Late Cretaceous led to the tectonic inversion of the Cordilleran miogeocline and the Belt-Purcell basin as the Lewis sheet began to buckle and fold, where strata was then overturned until a break or fault was formed. This involved thick successions of Paleozoic rocks that make up the Corilleran miogeocline and the underlying Neoproterozoic rocks to become detached from the crystalline basement; displaced up the passive-margin ramp along which they had accumulated; and juxtaposed over the flat surface of the North American craton to form the structural culmination that defines the Main Ranges of the Canadian Rockies.
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The tests were overseen by Lord Rayleigh, scientific adviser to Trinity House, whose distinctive and eponymous design of fog signal trumpet was installed at several different fog signal stations (though not at St Catherine's itself) in the wake of the trials. In 1904 the 16-sided optic was removed from St Catherine's (and installed instead in South Foreland Lighthouse). A new, more powerful 4-sided optic, manufactured by Chance Brothers, was installed in its place.s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Lighthouse The new apparatus, borne on a trough of mercury and driven by a large clockwork mechanism, revolved much faster to give a much quicker flash, once every five seconds.London Gazette, Issue 27720, Page 6452, 7 October 1904 It was said at the time to be 'the most powerful flash-light in [the] country', at 15,000,000 candlepower (compared to the 3,000,000 candlepower formerly produced by the old lens). The beam (albeit reflected on the clouds) could often be seen from Barfleur, 60 miles away.
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The major unit groups form, in effect, the third or tertiary level,However, in some instances, the third level landscape regions combine several groups together. of landscape regions and the major units form the fourth level. Many secondary landscape regions only have one major unit group (Mecklenburg Coastal Lowland, Harz, Thuringian Basin, Upper Main-Upper Palatine Hills, Southern Alpine Foreland), others group well-known major regions together (Rhenish Massif, South German Scarplands); others are entirely new groupings. In the subsequent work at 1:200,000 scale that lasted until the 1990s, that further split the landscape regions into a fifth and lower levels (using the three-digits numbers supplemented with further numbers placed after a decimal comma), it became apparent that the boundaries of major regions at the second and third levels had to be corrected in several places and, in individual cases, were no longer compatible with boundaries of the major unit groups.
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The Adelegg forms the northernmost foothills of the Allgäu Alps in the southeastern part of the Bavarian Alps and extend a long way out into the Alpine Foreland. They lie between the Untere Argen near Isny to the southwest and west, and Leutkirch to the northwest (both in the Baden-Württemberg district of Ravensburg), and between Altusried to the northeast, Wiggensbach to the east, Buchenberg to the southeast and the Wengener Argen near Weitnau to the south (all in the Bavarian district of Oberallgäu). The name Adelegg is generally only used for that part of the range located in Württemberg, but the landscape unit of the same name Geoinfo des BfN – Landschaft Adelegg also includes the Hohentanne Forest to the north-northeast, the Kürnach Forest to the northeast and the Buchenberg Forest to the east. To the south it is adjoined by the mountain ridge of Sonneck on the far side of the Wengener Argen, which is not however part of the Adelegg landscape unit.
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Early Sevier thrusting began well before initial Laramide deformation, nevertheless, there is evidence that suggests late Sevier faults were active during the early Laramide.Anderson, L.P., and Dinter, D.A., 2010, Deformation and sedimentation in the southern Sevier foreland, Red Hills, southwestern Utah, in Carney, S.M., Tabet, D.E., and Johnson, C.L., editors, Geology of south-central Utah: Utah Geological Association Publication 39, p. 338–366.Biek, R.F., Rowley, P.D., Anderson, J.J., Maldonado, F., Moore, D.W., Hacker, D.B., Eaton, J.G., Hereford, R., Filkorn, H.F., and Matyjasik, B., 2015, Geologic map of the Panguitch 30′ x 60′ quadrangle, Garfield, Iron, and Kane Counties, Utah: Utah Geological Survey Map, 4 plates, scale 1:62,500 The majority of Sevier deformation occurred west of Laramide deformation, however, there is some geographic overlap between the eastern Sevier margin and the western Laramide margin. In southwestern Utah, Sevier thrusts may have remained active until the Eocene, while Laramide deformation began in the Late Cretaceous.
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The construction of a railway would improve links to the emerging Zwickau Coalfield. In addition to reduced transport costs, the industry would also become more independent of the hydropower, in a region where the importation of coal from other areas was very difficult. Lignite imports from Bohemia, which were common in large parts of the Ore Mountains and its foreland until well into the 20th century, and were often one of the reasons for the construction of railway lines played no role in the Kirchberg area. In 1864 a private company was granted the concession for the construction of a railway but, like another one in 1875, the project was not carried out due to financial problems. In 1866/67 only a road was built between Wilkau and Kirchberg and, in 1868, Wilkau Halt was erected on the Schwarzenberg–Zwickau railway, opened in 1858, but even these measures considerably improved Kirchberg's transport links.
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No Bf 109 appears to have been lost and they prevented the RAF fighters from reaching the bombers. Another raid was mounted and Park who had moved three squadrons to RAF Manston, was positioned to intercept. The German raid reached the North Foreland around 15:50, 65 Squadron engaged the formation and shot down one Bf 109 from II./JG 51, the pilot posted missing. 17 Squadron Hurricanes reached the area and shot down a Kampfgeschwader 53 (KG 53) He 111, with the crew killed. Kesselring ordered 1 with Heinkel He 59 float planes to rescue survivors, covered by a of Bf 109s. A He 59 found itself above a convoy and was attacked by 54 Squadron Spitfires, led by Al Deere. The He 59 was forced down on the Goodwin Sands and its crew was captured. Two Spitfire pilots were killed by the escorts from II./JG 51 for another Bf 109 and its pilot missing.
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Plochingen is about nine kilometres east-southeast of the district town Esslingen am Neckar and in the same direction about 19 kilometres from the state capital Stuttgart. The town is situated on the right banks of the Fils and the outflowing Neckar. In the area of the town, three Natural areas collide, the Foreland of the central Swabian Alb in the southeast, the subspace Schurwald of the natural area Schurwald and Welzheimer Wald in the northeast, and the subspace Nürtinger-Esslinger Neckartal, which is part of the Filder, along the larger of the two rivers in the west. The lowest point in the city area is in the very west at the outflow of the Neckar at 247 metres above sea level, the highest point is in the very north at the White Stone on the Schurwaldkamm at about 448 metres above sea level, from which forest areas cover a large part of the city area.
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All we know is that he carried off the post and arms set up on Spitsbergem's northwest coast by Barentsz in 1596, and that he reached Red Beach (the shore of Breibogen) and as far as Gråhuken (Grey Hook) at the western entrance of Wijdefjorden, where, in early August 1614, Robert Fotherby and William Baffin found a cross engraved with the name Laurence Prestwood, as well as two or three others, dated 17 August 1612. In 1613, he sailed for the Muscovy Company in the Matthew (250 tons), vice-admiral of the English whaling fleet. Using a seized Dutch vessel, Marmaduke explored as far as Fairhaven. On speaking with the English admiral, Benjamin Joseph, on his intentions of sailing around Point Lookout (Sørkapp) for further exploration, he was told "that he had hindered the voyage more by his absence than his discoveries would profit" and was ordered to return to the Foreland.
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Geology of south-eastern England. The Ashdown Sands and Wadhurst Clay is in lime green (9a); the Low Weald, darker green (9). Chalk Downs, pale green (6) Geological section from north to south The geology of East Sussex is defined by the Weald–Artois anticline, a wide and long fold within which caused the arching up of the chalk into a broad dome within the middle Miocene, which has subsequently been eroded to reveal a lower Cretaceous to Upper Jurassic stratigraphy. East Sussex is best known geologically for the identification of the first dinosaur by Gideon Mantell, near Cuckfield, to the famous hoax of the Piltdown man near Uckfield. The county’s chalk has provided a world-class stratigraphic marker giving a great deal of detail in Cretaceous Chalk palaeoecology and palaeontology while in the east of the county on the Kentish border the Dungeness Foreland is important for the study of geomorphology and Holocene sea level fluctuations.
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Aerial view of the district of Unterkochen (the town centre is partly covered and in the background), the Aalen lowlands well perceptible in the back Aalen is situated on the upper reaches of the river Kocher, at the foot of the Swabian Jura which lies to the south and south-east, and close to the hilly landscapes of the Ellwangen Hills to the north and the Welland to the north-west. The west of Aalen's territory is on the foreland of the eastern Swabian Jura, and the north and north-west is on the Swabian-Franconian Forest, both being part of the Swabian Keuper-Lias Plains. The south-west is part of the Albuch, the east is part of the Härtsfeld, these two both being parts of the Swabian Jura. The Kocher enters the town's territory from Oberkochen to the south, crosses the district of Unterkochen, then enters the town centre, where the Aal flows into it.
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The building was constructed in 1790 as one of a pair of candle-powered lights ("High Lighthouse" and "Low Lighthouse"). In 1801 candle power gave way to oil lamps and reflectors. In 1863 the lantern stage (the top-most part of the tower) was replaced with the diagonally-framed glass structure seen today (which was a new innovation at the time) and four years later the reflectors were replaced in each lighthouse by a large (first-order) catadioptric lens designed by James Chance. In 1871 Happisburgh's lighthouses were used for a series of trials comparing a Douglass 4-wick oil light (displayed from the low lighthouse) with a Wigham 108-jet gas light (displayed from the high lighthouse) both using the same optics; the experiments (which tested rival claims made by the principal advocates of these forms of illumination, James Nicholas Douglass and John Richardson Wigham respectively) were not conclusive and further trials later took place at South Foreland.
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The German-Belgian High Fens – Eifel Nature Park (), often called the North Eifel Nature Park (Naturpark Nord Eifel), is a cross-border nature park with elements in the German federal states of North Rhine-Westphalia and Rhineland- Palatinate as well as the Belgian province of Liège. It has a total area of . The nature park lies between Langerwehe and Eupen in the north and Bad Münstereifel, Prüm and Sankt Vith in the south and covers six regions: the Rur Eifel, the High Eifel, the Limestone Eifel, the Our valley, the Venn Foreland and the Hohes Venn, a raised bog and heath landscape, remnants of the last ice age 7,500 years ago. The geographical description North Eifel in its narrowest sense only covers the Eifel landscape between Zitter Forest in the south and Aachen in the north, Bad Münster Eifel to the east and over the Rur Eifel to the Belgian border in the west.
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There was probably some sort of a beacon at an earlier period but the first distinct intimation concerning a lighthouse on the North Foreland is in the year 1636 when Charles I by letters-patent granted to Sir John Meldrum licence to continue and renew the lighthouses erected on the North and South Forelands. It seems that the lighthouse erected by Sir John consisted merely of a house built with timber lath and plaster on the top of which a light was kept in a large glass lantern for the purpose of directing ships in their course. This house was burnt down by accident in the year 1683 after which for some years use was made of a sort of beacon on which a light was hoisted. But near the end of the same century a strong octagonal structure of flint was erected on the top of which was an iron grate quite open to the air in which a good fire of coals was kept blazing at night.
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Viaduct over a country road shortly before the terminus Former railway station in Lautenthal Former railway station in Wildemann The Innerste Valley Railway was built between 1874 and 1914 and linked several formerly isolated mountain villages in the Upper Harz to the existing railway network in the northern Harz Foreland. The railway was built in 1875 by the MHE from its marshalling yard at Vienenburg through Grauhof and Langelsheim to Lautenthal. Its original passenger services to Langelsheim on the Vienenburg–Langelsheim railway via Grauhof ended as early as 1884 and all traffic ceased in 1954; a direct line to Goslar being employed instead. Until the cessation of regular services in 1976 the line branched off at Langelsheim station from the existing Neuekrug-Hahausen–Goslar railway and ran past the halt of Innerstetalsperre (before the construction of the dam there was a halt at Lindthal, now under water) to Lautenthal, from there through the Innerste valley via Wildemann, Silbernaal-Grund halt and Silberhütte station, later renamed Frankenscharrnhütte, to Clausthal-Zellerfeld.
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On 19 May 1941, Vanquisher rescued two survivors of the British merchant ship Empire Ridge, which the German submarine U-96 had torpedoed and sunk in the North Atlantic 90 nautical miles (167 km) west of Bloody Foreland, Ireland, at . Later in the month, she was transferred to Freetown in Sierra Leone to take part in local convoy escort duties there. From 13 to 19 June 1941 she and the destroyers and escorted Convoy WS 9A during the final segment of its voyage to Freetown, and from 20 to 22 June 1941 the same three destroyers and the destroyer escorted WS 9A on the first leg of the next stage of its voyage as it steamed from Freetown for the Middle East via the Cape of Good Hope before they detached from the convoy to return to Freetown. From 16 to 18 July 1941, Vanquisher, Boreas, Velox, and the destroyer similarly escorted Convoy WS 9B after its departure from Freetown for the Cape of Good Hope before detaching and returning to Freetown.
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Rowling arranged a personal visit to the school by way of apology. Headmistress Susan Cameron commented to The Times "We were over the moon when we got permission, so this was a real bolt from the blue, like the magic wand of an evil wizard." The main school building at Sherfield In 2002 the school was in financial difficulties, largely due to leading boys' schools becoming mixed and parents moving girls to them to take their A-Levels. Gordonstoun School, supported by some members of the school's own governing body, made a bid to acquire it, and the success of this bid was announced in March 2002, when it was revealed that a new mixed-sex prep school was to be built in the grounds of Sherfield Manor and that North Foreland would continue as a girls-only senior school.Glen Owen, Education Correspondent, 'Prince old school gains foothold in the South' in The Times (London) dated 15 March 2002, p. 7 A further announcement in The Times on 17 April 2002 stated that "The School is now one of the Gordonstoun Schools", adding that Nigel Havers would present the prizes at Carnival Day on 6 July.
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On 11 February 1942, the German battleships and , the heavy cruiser and more than twenty smaller escort vessels sailed from Brest in Brittany to their home port of Wilhelmshaven by an audacious dash through the English Channel, codenamed Unternehmen Zerberus (Operation Cerberus). Due to poor visibility and a number of communication failures by British forces, the first response to the German squadron was by the 9.2-inch guns of the South Foreland Battery, which were the only guns which could be directed by radar but the 10-cm K band set had only recently been installed and had never been used in conjunction with the guns. As the visibility was only , it was hoped that the radar would be able to register the splashes as the shells landed so that the guns would be able to correct their aim but nothing was detected. After firing three two-gun salvoes without being able to detect the "fall of shot" – the shells were actually landing almost a mile astern of the main German ships – it was decided to fire full salvoes using only the ranging information from the radar.
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