1000 Sentences With "executable" | Random Sentence Generator

Malware could contain executable code to turn on your webcam.

That's because the executable file would be printed in binary zeros and ones on a chip, and then anyone could use standard techniques from that executable in binary to reverse-engineer to the source code.

It was "executable file paths" — evidence of programs — that didn't belong there.

Basically, Elliot uses a hook that triggers the sticky key executable (sethc.exe).

It installed just fine, but when I launched the executable, nothing happened.

Zeus ships with some pre-programmed moves executable with a wireless PlayStation controller.

Usually there'll be an initial agenda in a notebook, together with executable Wolfram Language code.

There is also a compilation artifact inside the executable suggesting it was compromised before compilation.

It features a number of executable commands for simple movements like walking and drawing his blaster.

According to BleepingComputer, the program monitors the computer to see if the TsLGame executable ever runs.

Capitalise applies natural language to turn investment ideas into auto-executable, back-tested and optimized investment strategies.

Direct NASA to plan an executable, affordable path for sending humans to Mars orbit by 2033. 3.

In 2013, Georgia Tech Ph.D student Ari Schlesinger proposed an executable programming language built on feminist ideologies.

It would be easy, breezy, and delectable recipes readily available and executable at our own finger tips.

" In Denuvo's own words, it stops tampering by preventing "debugging, reverse engineering, and changing of executable files.

For the other 99 percent of us — those with practical, executable ideas — there are better places out there.

Many of those missing also contained executable files that could be used to plant malware on a computer.

" A similar letter from House members warns that the nuclear plan may be "neither affordable, executable, nor advisable.

The commission found that the program then in existence, Project Constellation, was not executable under any reasonable budget.

Goldman Sachs now offers clients small trades using an algorithm, which calculates executable prices on otherwise illiquid lots.

We had some ideas that were not executable in the time that we had and the staffing we had.

The payload is an executable file that downloads the encryptor and a small obfuscated file that serves no clear purpose.

Tomorrow, the vulnerability disclosure could be akin to "the next Heartbleed" – a widely distributed, remotely executable vulnerability with mass exploitability.

"I uploaded the executable [to VirusTotal] and it comes back as a validly signed file without issue," one user wrote.

Each one of those don't individually get compiled into machine instructions and then run as an executable program one by one.

The tool allows researchers to upload firmware images, which the tool examines by extracting executable code where malware might be present.

It was risky because it was an executable being shared like a chain letter on corporate email servers around the country.

Then, when version 83 is released, those executable downloads will be blocked and the warning will be applied to archive files.

I'm sorry but I've spent so many years with projects and series where plot is king and spoilers are executable offenses.

These files could be executable ones, or Powershell scripts that can even go as far as resetting a Windows 10 account password.

But, much like the bizarre smoothie bowls of Instagram, they are paired with real recipes — executable, if you totally felt like it.

Players buy and download a hack from a hack site and "inject" the hack into the game's code by running the executable.

Unlike containerd, it's not a daemon but a single executable that is meant to integrate with other container projects, including Kubernetes itself.

He can liaise with the most temperamental players, tranquilize media uproars, and implement modern on-court principles in an effective, executable way.

The background: Ghidra is a reverse-engineering tool that allows researchers to translate computer-executable programs into human-readable programming language commands.

"It was basically trying to fly under the radar as if it was a McAfee antivirus executable," Saulsburg told the Oversight Committee.

But as our world begins to increasingly lean on image recognition technology to operate, these types of easily executable methods can wreak havoc.

The TSx could be hacked because its executable file, which controls the machine's operation, was connected to a local network — a known vulnerability.

Once you've launched the executable, just drag and drop the files you want to get rid of into the Blank and Secure window.

Billed as a "real-time executable created with C++," the groundbreaking interactive documentary features 40 artists, designers, and hackers with algorithmically generated visuals.

That is, until they discovered that Cylance also had whitelisted certain families of executable files to avoid triggering false positives on legitimate software.

I know this sounds pretty crazy and dangerous, but there was once a time when we sent one another executable files via email.

"If the odds are probably in your favor, you should make as many decisions as possible within the bounds of what is executable."

Earth technology roadmap (and this is a common aspect of ICO white papers) the goal sounded more aspirational than grounded in executable code.

The hackers used their access to deliver an unsigned malware executable as an update for the tool, which the program then downloaded and executed.

So what happens when a user downloads an arbitrary executable off the internet, executes it, it lays dormant for 30 days, then phones home?

The researchers created a proof-of-concept executable file that easily exploits the vulnerability, and produced a brief video to demonstrate it in action.

Think of the service mesh as the toolkit that keeps microservices communicating with each other and enabling applications at the level of executable code.

Then click and drag the level file to hover over to the ZDOOM application executable (it's got a tiny Doom soldier icon) and drop it.

And one of these executable files that was distributed over this medium that's infamously prone to security problems is basically a goofy holiday-themed game.

GE's liquidity: Contrary to Mr. Markopolos's allegations, GE continues to maintain a strong liquidity position, committed credit lines, and several executable options to monetize assets.

We spend most of our lives in a world built for straight people, where only 70 to 80 percent of our actual life is executable.

"If the odds are probably in your favor, you should make as many decisions as possible within the bounds of what is executable," Musk said.

The general rule of spyware is that if you can get someone to open a file — particularly a PDF or executable — then you basically own them.

You'll need to download the latest version of 3DGE, download the Duke It Out in Doom file, and drag the latter over the 3DGE's executable. Voilà.

So making a digital will, even if it's not legally executable, is a good idea—you can at least let people know what your preferences are.

Carmody would later go on to discover a prime offering the other aforementioned sort of program code representation—a prime that is readable (executable) by a machine.

Consider, too, that most Silicon Valley giants invite third-party developers to create executable programs — like mobile applications and internet-based games — that sit atop their platforms.

A plist is a key-value list (like a Python dictionary) where the keys are the names of different job properties, such as the file-system path to the executable file to be run; the arguments the executable needs to run properly; the id of the user asking for the program to run; and, if applicable, a future date and time for when the program is to run.

First, create a shortcut to an application, either by dragging anything from the Start menu the desktop, or by right-clicking on an executable and choosing Create shortcut.

A 2001 Network World article highlighted how the file created major strain issues on networks far and wide because numerous copies of the executable file were being created.

It wasn't a huge executable, really—at just a megabyte, it was small enough that a few years earlier it might've gotten a boost from distribution via floppy.

The change comes after a six-month beta period, and has been made possible by moving Google Earth onto WebAssembly, a standard for executable programs on the web.

When most of us think about a computer "program" we probably think about the things we install on our computers and then run by clicking on an executable file.

All of the benefits of a cryptographically secured, publicly verified, anonymized transaction system can be erased by errant code, malicious actors or poorly defined parameters of an executable agreement.

To this end, he developed what is arguably the smallest possible executable code (code that can be read by a machine) that can be represented by a prime number.

How to create a shortcut to an application in Windows 10Applications work in much the same way, but require you to create a shortcut to the program's executable or .

Flybe said on Wednesday that the proposal was "highly conditional" and it does not believe it was executable in the time-frame required to enable Flybe to continue to trade.

That's because the indexable data within single-page apps do not exist as searchable HTML files, it sits behind executable JavaScript code — and that's meaningless to a traditional search crawler.

Artists and programmers take on a ridiculous constraint, like a Windows executable of 64 kibibytes (65,536 bytes, smaller than your average JPEG), and make something mind-melting out of it.

First, you have the hacking part, in which you are trying to solve the actual problem by dissecting the executable and finding ways to make the game do what you want.

You'll get the occasional executable program or picture, but the vast majority of the game is a series of prewritten messages that you'll send to targets, probing for cognitive weak points.

The program lets you automate pretty much anything on your computer with a mouse or keyboard macro combination (you can even convert these macros into executable files for use on other machines).

Senate Armed Services Committee Chairman John McCain (R-Ariz.) and his House counterpart, Mac Thornberry (R-Texas), have both laid out well-conceived and executable plans to begin to rebuild the military.

"I don't see it as something that is executable, or that they would be willing to execute, for the simple reason that the petroleum economy is still based on the dollar," he told CNBC.

Phil Carmody discovered a 1,401-digit prime number—no, we're not going to post it—that (with the right know-how) was executable as the very same illegal software—hence, an illegal prime number.

These buttons are designed to look like legitimate links to upgrade common software like Adobe Flash: Clicking on these buttons typically downloads malware in the form executable file directly to the user's download directory.

The Administrator needs to explain this personnel action, as well as provide an executable program plan accompanied by a credible budget if Congress is to have any basis for supporting the President's Moon initiative. Rep.

If you accidentally click a bad link or download the wrong file, that malware could contain executable code to turn on your webcam and send that video feed to a website or save it somewhere else.

"We need to ensure we can accomplish breakthrough science while adhering to a realistic, executable scope and budget for the next decade," Paul Hertz, the director of the astrophysics division at NASA, said in a statement.

While we might not make all memes into costumes, if it is something we feel would resonate with our customers and is relevant (and is actually executable), we don't usually have a hard time creating something.

In a blog post published Tuesday, Pitts explained that the issue lies with how the third-party security tools implemented Apple's code-signing APIs when dealing with Mac's executable files known as Universal or Fat files.

An oft-cited estimate made by Steve McConnell, a programming guru, is that people writing source code—the instructions that are compiled, inside a machine, into executable programs—make between ten and 50 errors in every 1,000 lines.

To find the program's executable file, either press the Windows logo on your keyboard or press the icon at the bottom left of your screen, and search for the name application you want to make a shortcut of.

The BBSW is now calculated using an automated process that extracts live and executable bids and offers from the approved trading venues at around 10am each trading day, calculates the rate and then publishes it to the market.

WhatsApp previously supported only documents, photos, and videos, but now users can share any file up to 100 MB. This new update could prove to be incredibly useful for people who want to share executable or other obscure files.

Installing and uninstalling software would be dramatically easier for users (rather than requiring a user to download an executable file, install it, and hope that the developer included some kind of uninstaller for when they want to get rid of it).

True to form, his book still requires a more advanced pantry for dishes like cherry tomato sauce with ancho chile, or a roast chicken spiked with preserved lemon, but the recipes are easily executable, and they never fail to inspire.

" He did, however, offer vague details on what the plan will entail during the 45-minute conversation at the Washington Institute, calling it an "in-depth operational document" that is "realistic, executable... and will lead to both sides being much better off.

Popping the CD-ROM in the drive — which spun as loudly as you'd expect — I loaded the setup executable and was greeted by this image: For reference, "0+>" is the ASCII representation of the unpronounceable symbol that became Prince's name in 1993.

PNC has been looking to monetize its ownership in BlackRock in a tax efficient manner given the concentration risk that resides with such a large holding in one company, but to this point, has been unable to find anything that has been executable.

One would think that NSA would be more likely to at least have passwords on their machines, but as far making an executable 0-day that's also an image (of a waterfall, or anything else), White says that this is totally a thing.

Given that OneDrive URLs have "predictable structure," the researchers were then able to guess live links to 1,105,146 publicly accessible OneDrive documents, "including dozens of thousands of PDF and Word files, spreadsheets, media files, and executable binaries," according to the blog post.

In the video above we'll walk you through a bit of the engineering behind how smart home devices work, from the stages each goes through to turn your voice into executable computer commands and how each understands what you're trying to say.

This was before more traditional social media vectors like Facebook and Twitter, and while Flash and Java existed at the time and conceivably would have been a good way to distribute a game like this on the web, Elf Bowling was instead distributed as a Windows executable.

"The malware is a 32 bit Windows executable and is modular in nature indicating that this is a module of a more complex piece of malware," Lee wrote in his blog post, who passed the sample over to Kyle Wilhoit, a senior threat researcher at cybersecurity company Trend Micro.

"I was given the assignment of trying to find a solution between the two sides and I think what we'll put forward is a framework that I think is realistic ... it's executable and it's something that I do think will lead to both sides being much better off," Kushner said.

"We are looking at the extent to which we can make parts of our handbook initially machine-readable and then fully machine-executable ... Effectively converting, probably initially our regulatory reporting rules, into truly unambiguous rules that machines can interpret and implement directly," he told an audience at London Fintech Week, a financial technology (fintech) conference, on Tuesday.

The Executable UML method enables valuing the model as intellectual property, since the model is a fully executable solution for the problem space. Actions are specified in action language. This means that the automatic generation of implementation code from Executable UML models can be output in an optimized form. Executable UML is intended to serve as executable code as well as documentation.

Executable compression is any means of compressing an executable file and combining the compressed data with decompression code into a single executable. When this compressed executable is executed, the decompression code recreates the original code from the compressed code before executing it. In most cases this happens transparently so the compressed executable can be used in exactly the same way as the original. Executable compressors are often referred to as "runtime packers", "software packers", "software protectors" (or even "polymorphic packers" and "obfuscating tools").

Object files -- executable or not -- are typically stored in a container format, such as Executable and Linkable Format (ELF) or Portable Executable (PE) which is Operating System-specific. This gives structure to the generated machine code, for example dividing it into sections such as .text (executable code), .data (initialized global and static variables), and .

A hex dump of an executable real mode loader In computing, executable code, executable file, or executable program, sometimes simply referred to as an executable or binary, causes a computer "to perform indicated tasks according to encoded instructions", as opposed to a data file that must be parsed by a program to be meaningful. The exact interpretation depends upon the use. "Instructions" is traditionally taken to mean machine code instructions for a physical CPU. In some contexts, a file containing bytecode or scripting instructions may also be considered executable.

Originally released in 2005 as FreezeX, Anti-Executable is an application whitelisting software that, when first installed, creates a "whitelist" of executable files which exists on a computer. When Anti-Executable is active, unwanted executables which do not appear on the whitelist will not run. Anti-Executable comes in two versions for Windows (Standard for standalone computers and Enterprise for networked computers). Anti-Executable Enterprise can be managed remotely via Faronics Core.

The file can be either executable or non-executable and is loaded at 0x8000 unless otherwise specified. Executable files can relocate themselves if necessary and non-executable files are prepared for execution by an image loader. An extended AIF is a type of non-executable which includes information to enable the placement of code and data within specific areas of memory. The file includes a header and separate areas of read-only and read-write code/data.

Icebox is a service-oriented architecture container of executable services implemented in .dll or .so libraries. This is a lighter alternative to building entire executable for every service.

An icon library is a way to package Windows icons. It is typically a 16-bit New Executable or a 32-bit Portable Executable binary file having .ICL extension with icon resources being the packaged icons. Windows Vista and later versions do not support viewing icons from 16-bit (New Executable) files.

On the Xbox, the reason for this is that the Xbox executable file (XBE) contains a media-type flag, which specifies the type of media that the XBE is bootable from. On nearly all Xbox software, this is set such that the executable will only boot from factory produced discs so simply copying the executable to burnable media is enough to stop the execution of the software. However, since the executable is signed, simply changing the value of the flag is not possible as this alters the signature of the executable causing it to fail validation when checked.

Thus the compressed executable will load faster on most common systems. On modern desktop computers, this is rarely noticeable unless the executable is unusually big, so loading speed is not a primary reason for or against compressing an executable. On operating systems which read executable images on demand from the disk (see virtual memory), compressed executables make this process less efficient. The decompressor stub allocates a block of memory to hold the decompressed data, which stays allocated as long as the executable stays loaded, whether it is used or not, competing for memory resources with other applications all along.

WinAlign (Walign.exe and Winalign.exe) are tools designed to optimize the performance of executable code (binaries). WinAlign aligns binary sections along 4 KB boundaries, aligning the executable sections with the memory pages.

Dual development platform: Basic4ppc allows development straight on the handheld device via a fully compatible Device IDE. Code written on either device or desktop IDEs is identical for both platforms and operating systems. Compilation, however, must target either device or desktop, due to the difference in the operating system. Compilation available in four modes: Windows executable, Device executable for Pocket PC (with and without AutoScale), Desktop executable, and Smartphone executable (for mobile phones running Windows Mobile OS).

The `setuid` and `setgid` flags have different effects, depending on whether they are applied to a file, to a directory or binary executable or non binary executable file. The `setuid` and `setgid` flags only have effect on binary executable files. Setting these bits on scripts like bash, perl or python does not have any effect.

Typically, programs are stored in special file types, different from those used for other data. Executable files contain programs; all other files are also data files. However, executable files may also contain "in-line" data which is built into the program. In particular, some executable files have a data segment, which nominally contains constants and initial values (both data).

As of Android 2.3 and later, architectures which support it have non-executable pages by default, including non-executable stack and heap. "Memory Management Security Enhancements", Android Security Overview, retrieved 2012/07/29.

A compression virus is an example of a benevolent computer virus, invented by Fred Cohen. It searches for an uninfected executable file, compresses the file and prepends itself to it. The virus can be described in pseudo code1984, Computer Viruses - Theory and Experiments program compression-virus:= {01234567; subroutine infect-executable:= {loop:file = get-random-executable-file; if first-line-of-file = 01234567 then goto loop; compress file; prepend compression-virus to file; } main-program:= {if ask-permission then infect-executable; uncompress the-rest-of-this-file into tmpfile; run tmpfile;} } The 01234567 is the virus signature, and is used to make sure (if first-line- of-file = 01234567) the file is not already infected. The virus then asks for permission (ask-permission) to infect a random executable (get-random- executable-file).

There was also an "self-expanding" variant of StuffIt files with a `.sea` extension that runs as an executable. A utility called `unsea` exists to turn such an executable into a vanilla sit file.

Specifications must be subject to a process of refinement (the filling-in of implementation detail) before they can actually be implemented. The result of such a refinement process is an executable algorithm, which is either formulated in a programming language, or in an executable subset of the specification language at hand. For example, Hartmann pipelines, when properly applied, may be considered a dataflow specification which is directly executable. Another example is the Actor model which has no specific application content and must be specialized to be executable.

This creates an instrumented executable which contains additional instructions that record the number of times each line of the program is executed. -o option is used to set the name of the executable. The executable must then be run to create the coverage data. The creation and location of this file is different for old- and new- style code analysis.

Executable choreography represents a decentralized form of service composition, involving the cooperation of several individual entities. It is an improved form of service choreography. Executable choreographies can be intuitively seen as arbitrary complex workflows that get executed in systems belonging to multiple organisations or authorities. Executable choreographies are actual code created to encode system behavior from a global point of view.

ZipGenius is able to handle the open source UPX executable compressor, which is used to compress ZipGenius main executable. If UPX.exe is in ZipGenius program folder, users will get an extra compression level while creating new ZIP archives: Brutal+UPX. Many executable files (EXE, DLL, OCX) are distributed as they are after code compilation, so they may have a larger size than necessary.

An executable program deck was then punched. This executable could then be booted ("IPL'ed", for "Initial Program Load") to perform the processing desired. This process could require more than an hour for a significant-sized program.

Software distributors use executable compression for a variety of reasons, primarily to reduce the secondary storage requirements of their software; as executable compressors are specifically designed to compress executable code, they often achieve better compression ratio than standard data compression facilities such as gzip, zip or bzip2 . This allows software distributors to stay within the constraints of their chosen distribution media (such as CD-ROM, DVD-ROM, or Floppy disk), or to reduce the time and bandwidth customers require to access software distributed via the Internet. Executable compression is also frequently used to deter reverse engineering or to obfuscate the contents of the executable (for example, to hide the presence of malware from antivirus scanners) by proprietary methods of compression and/or added encryption. Executable compression can be used to prevent direct disassembly, mask string literals and modify signatures.

It can create standalone executable files. A runtime library is linked into the executable. It is available in precompiled binaries (setup.exe under Windows and uninstall also supported), dpkg and rpm for Linux and in source code form.

The New Executable (abbreviated NE or NewEXE) is a 16-bit .exe file format, a successor to the DOS MZ executable format. It was used in Windows 1.0–3.x, multitasking MS-DOS 4.0, OS/2 1.

In some cases, parts of a model behavior tree may need to be transformed to make the specification executable. Once an MBT has been made executable it is possible to carry out a number of other dependability checks.

Executable UML (xtUML or xUML) is both a software development method and a highly abstract software language. It was described for the first time in 2002 in the book "Executable UML: A Foundation for Model-Driven Architecture".Mellor and Balcer 2002 The language "combines a subset of the UML (Unified Modeling Language) graphical notation with executable semantics and timing rules."Starr 2002, p. 3.

Constraints on the class diagram can be written in both Action Language and Object Constraint Language (OCL). The Executable UML method limits the UML elements that can be used in an Executable UML class diagram. An Executable UML class diagram is meant to expose information about the domain. Too much complexity in the statechart diagrams is a good indicator that the class diagram should be reworked.

One can describe Web-service interactions in two ways: as executable business processes and as abstract business processes. # An executable business process: models an actual behavior of a participant in a business interaction. # An abstract business process: is a partially specified process that is not intended to be executed. Contrary to Executable Processes, an Abstract Process may hide some of the required concrete operational details.

Executable UML is a higher level of abstraction than third-generation programming languages. This allows developers to develop at the level of abstraction of the application.Mellor and Balcer 2002, section 1.1. The Executable UML aims for separation of concerns.

The set of input files and the GEMSS executable constitute the model application.

Watirspec is executable specification of the Watir API, like RubySpec is for Ruby.

A special predicate Poss is used to indicate when an action is executable.

In some cases, only the changed files must be recompiled. Then the executable needs to be relinked. For some changes, the executable must be rebuilt from scratch. As computers and compilers become faster, this fact becomes less of an obstacle.

DeHackEd is an editor created by Greg Lewis for the executable of the original Doom that allows the operation of the executable to be changed. Version 3.1, the last update of the program, was released on February 26, 1997. Hit points, sounds, frame sequences, text strings, and several other miscellaneous values can be changed. Modifications can be distributed in the form of DeHackEd "patches" which can be applied to the executable.

In computing, rpath designates the run-time search path hard-coded in an executable file or library. Dynamic linking loaders use the rpath to find required libraries. Specifically, it encodes a path to shared libraries into the header of an executable (or another shared library). This RPATH header value (so named in the Executable and Linkable Format header standards) may either override or supplement the system default dynamic linking search paths.

Executable files can be hand-coded in machine language, although it is far more convenient to develop software as source code in a high-level language that can be easily understood by humans. In some cases, source code might be specified in assembly language instead, which remains human-readable while being closely associated with machine code instructions. The high-level language is compiled into either an executable machine code file or a non- executable machine code – object file of some sort; the equivalent process on assembly language source code is called assembly. Several object files are linked to create the executable.

It is distributed with an installer and is executable for both Windows and OS X.

COM files. MS-DOS version 1.0 added a more advanced relocatable .EXE executable file format.

Assemblers can also assemble directly to machine code executable files without the object intermediary step.

Self- extracting archives cannot self-extract under a different operating system but most often can still be opened with a suitable extractor as this tool will disregard the executable part of the file and instead extract only the archive resource. In some cases this requires the self-extracting executable to be renamed to hold a file extension associated with the corresponding packer. Self-extracting files usually have an .exe extension like other executable files.

It is free and open-source software. All versions of FASM can directly output any of the following: flat "raw" binary (usable also as DOS COM executable or SYS driver), objects: Executable and Linkable Format (ELF) or Common Object File Format (COFF) (classic or MS-specific), or executables in either MZ, ELF, or Portable Executable (PE) format (including WDM drivers, allows custom MZ DOS stub). An unofficial port targeting the ARM architecture (FASMARM) also exists.

One can reference an executable code library by using the /reference flag of the C# compiler.

Others (like 7-Zip or RAR) can create self-extracting archives as regular executables in ELF format. An early example of a self-extracting archive was the Unix shar archive in which one or more text files were combined into a shell script that when executed recreated the original files. Self-extracting archives can be used to archive any number of data as well as executable files. They must be distinguished from executable compression, where the executable file contains a single executable only and running the file does not result in the uncompressed file being stored on disk, but in its code being executed in memory after decompression.

A self-extracting archive (SFX/SEA) is a computer executable program which contains compressed data in an archive file combined with machine-executable program instructions to extract this information on a compatible operating system and without the necessity for a suitable extractor to be already installed on the target computer. The executable part of the file is known as the stub and the non-executable part the archive. Self-extracting files are very convenient, if you want to give the compressed file to someone, but you don't know if they have the compression program that can decompress the file. You can also use self-extracting to distribute your own software.

This Fortran program is compiled into an executable file (.EXE) and executed. The executable program reads parameter values from input files, performs the simulation and writes requested calculated values into another file. When it terminates, SIMCOS takes control again and can display results as a graphic plot.

By default, Linux does not supply the most secure usage of non-executable memory pages, via the NX bit. Furthermore, some architectures do not even explicitly supply a way of marking memory pages non-executable. PaX supplies a policy to take advantage of non-executable pages in the most secure way possible. In addition, if the CPU does not provide an explicit NX bit, PaX can emulate (supply) an NX bit by one of several methods.

In the compiling method called threaded code, the executable program is basically a sequence of subroutine calls.

With the help of two shift buttons, a total of 67 different robot-executable commands are accessible.

The randomization of the executable load base for ET_EXEC fixed position executables was affected by a security flaw in the VM mirroring code in PaX. For those that hadn't upgraded, the flaw could be worked around by disabling SEGMEXEC NX bit emulation and RANDEXEC randomization of the executable base.

's Mac 68k emulator for PowerPC. For application development, AMOS used a proprietary BASIC-like language called AlphaBASIC (though several other languages, including Assembler, FORTRAN, Pascal, and COBOL, were available). Older versions interpreted a tokenized executable file. Later versions translate the tokenized executable into x86 code for performance.

If the permission is granted, it compresses the executable (infect-executable), prepends itself to it (prepend), uncompresses the current executable file (uncompress the-rest-of-this-file) into a temporary file (tmpfile) and runs it (run tmpfile). Cruncher is an example of a compression virus,Mark A. Ludwig 1995, Giant Black Book of Computer Viruses p.10 a strain of which - Cruncher.2092 is described by McAfee as memory-resident virus that infects all but small com files, making them smaller.

This is the Fortress version of the archetypal hello world program, as presented in the Fortress Reference Card: component hello export Executable run() = println(“Hello, World!”) end The export statement makes the program executable and every executable program in Fortress must implement the run() function. The file where the program is saved for compilation must have the same name as the one specified in the initial component statement. The println() function is what outputs the "Hello, World!" words on the screen.

TX. Various file extensions had predefined meanings: .GO for executable files, .BS for BASIC programs, .OV for overlays.

The refinement calculus is a formalized approach to stepwise refinement for program construction. The required behaviour of the final executable program is specified as an abstract and perhaps non-executable "program", which is then refined by a series of correctness-preserving transformations into an efficiently executable program. Proponents include Ralph-Johan Back, who originated the approach in his 1978 PhD thesis On the Correctness of Refinement Steps in Program Development, and Carroll Morgan, especially with his book Programming from Specifications (Prentice Hall, 2nd edition, 1994, ). In the latter case, the motivation was to link Abrial's specification notation Z, via a rigorous relation of behaviour-preserving program refinement, to an executable programming notation based on Dijkstra's language of guarded commands.

Most applications are fairly sane at this; the stack (the important part) at least winds up above any mapped libraries, so does not become executable except by explicit calls by the application. As of August, 2004, nothing from the Exec Shield projects attempt to enforce memory protections by restricting mprotect() on any architecture; although memory may not initially be executable, it may become executable later, so the kernel will allow an application to mark memory pages as both writable and executable at the same time. However, in cooperation with the Security-Enhanced Linux project (SELinux), the standard policy for the Fedora Core distribution does prohibit this behavior for most executables, with only a few exceptions for compatibility reasons.

In computer science, a static library or statically-linked library is a set of routines, external functions and variables which are resolved in a caller at compile-time and copied into a target application by a compiler, linker, or binder, producing an object file and a stand-alone executable. This executable and the process of compiling it are both known as a static build of the program. Historically, libraries could only be static. Static libraries are either merged with other static libraries and object files during building/linking to form a single executable or loaded at run-time into the address space of their corresponding executable at a static memory offset determined at compile-time/link-time.

PowerBASIC programs are self-contained and use no runtime file to execute. In all versions of the compiler the applications compile without external libraries, though you can use such libraries if desired. PBDOS creates 16-bit DOS MZ executable files, while PBWIN and PBCC create 32-bit Portable Executable (PE) files.

They accomplish this by overwriting unused areas of executable files. These are called cavity viruses. For example, the CIH virus, or Chernobyl Virus, infects Portable Executable files. Because those files have many empty gaps, the virus, which was 1 KB in length, did not add to the size of the file.

The Preferred Executable Format is a file format that specifies the format of executable files and other object code. PEF executables are also called Code Fragment Manager files (CFM). PEF was developed by Apple Computer for use in its classic Mac OS operating system. It was optimised for RISC processors.

Hiew (short for Hacker's view) is a popular console hex editor for Windows written by Eugene Suslikov (sen). Amongst its feature set is its ability to view files in text, hex and disassembly mode. The program is particularly useful for editing executable files such as COFF, PE or ELF executable files.

Any newLISP version allows building executable files, portable applications, for deployment which are self-contained and need no installing.

A package that has a standardized structure for storing executable code and its associated resources, is called a bundle.

ThinkDesk components were typically downloaded using Impulse, although if purchased separately they could also be downloaded as executable installers.

Conversely, Integer BASIC was now removed from ROM and turned into an executable file on the DOS 3.3 disk.

A compressed executable can be considered a self-extracting archive, where a compressed executable is packaged along with the relevant decompression code in an executable file. Some compressed executables can be decompressed to reconstruct the original program file without being directly executed. Two programs that can be used to do this are CUP386 and UNP. Most compressed executables decompress the original code in memory and most require slightly more memory to run (because they need to store the decompressor code, the compressed data and the decompressed code).

However, the Windows executable"CeltxSetup-2.9.7.exe", Celtx 2.9.7 Windows executable, download.celtx.com (archived). and macOS file"Celtx-2.9.7.dmg", Celtx 2.9.7 macOS dmg-file, download.celtx.com (archived). of 2.9.7 were still available in June 2014. The 32-bit source code for 2.9.7 is still available for download."celtx-2-9-7-src.tar.bz2", Celtx 2.9.

An executable Java program can be packaged in a JAR file, along with any libraries the program uses. Executable JAR files have the manifest specifying the entry point class with `Main-Class: myPrograms.MyClass` and an explicit Class-Path (and the -cp argument is ignored). Some operating systems can run these directly when clicked.

The executable program of the package is called mpsolve. It can be run from command line in console. The executable file for the graphical user interface is called xmpsolve, and the MATLAB and Octave functions are called mps_roots. They behave similarly to the function roots that is already included in these software packages.

A binary recompiler is a compiler that takes executable binary files as input, analyzes their structure, applies transformations and optimizations, and outputs new optimized executable binaries. The foundation to the concepts of binary recompilation were laid out by Gary Kildall with the development of the optimizing assembly code translator XLT86 in 1981.

The DOS MZ executable format is the executable file format used for .EXE files in DOS. The file can be identified by the ASCII string "MZ" (hexadecimal: 4D 5A) at the beginning of the file (the "magic number"). "MZ" are the initials of Mark Zbikowski, one of leading developers of MS-DOS.

Displays or sets a search path for executable files. The command is available in MS-DOS versions 2 and later.

In the area of academic research, the concept of executable choreography is proposed as a method of no longer having the contractual part and the actual part of code as two different artifacts that can be non-synchronized or require subjective interpretations. Examples are "An Executable Calculus for Service Choreography" or "An executable choreography framework for dynamic service- oriented architectures". Few of these approaches have also had a practical impact, often at the level of articles or, at the very least, research projects. The real breakthrough of the blockchain in recent years has brought even more to the attention of the academic community and industry, the concept of "smart contract", which can be seen as a particular form of executable choreography.

The filesystem had a similar set of properties to the native BeOS file system BFS, but some of the more advanced features (live queries and attributes) were either broken or non-functional in many of the Beta releases of the software. The BeOS uses ELF format executable files, much as many other operating systems. BeIA uses an extended version of ELF, the name of which is unknown but which has come to be known as CELF, from the CEL magic word within the executable header and the fact that it is derived from ELF format executables through a compression process. The CELF (Compressed ELF) files use a patented technique to compress the op codes within the executable and reduce the overall footprint of each executable file.

Instead of separating the code from the data, another mitigation technique is to introduce randomization to the memory space of the executing program. Since the attacker needs to determine where executable code that can be used resides, either an executable payload is provided (with an executable stack) or one is constructed using code reuse such as in ret2libc or return-oriented programming (ROP). Randomizing the memory layout will, as a concept, prevent the attacker from knowing where any code is. However, implementations typically will not randomize everything; usually the executable itself is loaded at a fixed address and hence even when ASLR (address space layout randomization) is combined with a nonexecutable stack the attacker can use this fixed region of memory.

The rpath of an executable or shared library is an optional entry in the `.dynamic` section of the ELF executable or shared libraries, with the type `DT_RPATH`, called the `DT_RPATH` attribute. It can be stored there at link time by the linker. Tools such as `chrpath` and `patchelf` can create or modify the entry later.

Thus all jars may be packed in executable process, making Java software delivery simpler, now each process may contain all its dependencies, thus allowing different executables to use different versions of common jar dependencies. As server process both java executable with classpath or linked java binaries are supported, ndrxd daemon can boot both of them.

These executable binary files had a decompress routine attached to them that would automatically unpack or decrunch (decompress) the executable upon loading into memory. The Amiga also included "level depacking", implemented by "Titanics Cruncher", which enabled a binary executable to be decrunched as it was being loaded, requiring a very small amount of memory to do so. In general, packing and crunching was taken from the Commodore 64 cracking scene. Some crunchers, such as Time Cruncher, were "ported" from Commodore 64, displaying the same visual effects during decrunching.

Extended ML is a wide-spectrum language covering both specification and implementation and based on the ML programming language. It extends the syntax of ML to include axioms, which need not be executable but can rigorously specify the behavior of the program. With this addition the language can be used for stepwise refinement, proceeding gradually from an initial formal specification to eventually yield an executable Standard ML program. Correctness of the final executable SML program with respect to the original specification can then be established by proving the correctness of each of the refinement steps.

Entry points apply both to source code and to executable files. However, in day-to-day software development, programmers specify the entry points only in source code, which makes them much better known. Entry points in executable files depend on the application binary interface (ABI) of the actual operating system, and are generated by the compiler or linker (if not fixed by the ABI). Other linked object files may also have entry points, which are used later by the linker when generating entry points of an executable file.

One notable problem with "stickied" programs was replacing the executable (for instance, during patching); to do so required removing the sticky bit from the executable, executing the program and exiting to flush the cache, replacing the binary executable, and then restoring the sticky bit. Currently, this behavior is only operative in HP-UX and UnixWare. Solaris appears to have abandoned this in 2005. The 4.4-Lite release of BSD retained the old sticky bit behavior, but it has been subsequently dropped from OpenBSD (as of release 3.7) and FreeBSD (as of release 2.2.1).

4701 on an executable file owned by 'root' and the group 'root' A user named 'thompson' attempts to execute the file. The executable permission for all users is set (the '1') so 'thompson' can execute the file. The file owner is 'root' and the SUID permission is set (the '4') - so the file is executed as 'root'. The reason an executable would be run as 'root' is so that it can modify specific files that the user would not normally be allowed to, without giving the user full root access.

In NeXTSTEP, OPENSTEP, GNUstep, and their lineal descendants macOS and iOS, a bundle is a file directory with a defined structure and file extension, allowing related files to be grouped together as a conceptually single item. Examples of bundles that contain executable code include applications, frameworks, and plugins. This kind of bundle usually contains one file representing executable code, and files that represent resources such as nibs, templates, images, sounds, and other media. On some other systems, such as Microsoft Windows, these resources are usually included directly in the executable file itself at compile time.

With static linking, it is enough to include those parts of the library that are directly and indirectly referenced by the target executable (or target library). With dynamic libraries, the entire library is loaded, as it is not known in advance which functions will be invoked by applications. Whether this advantage is significant in practice depends on the structure of the library. In static linking, the size of the executable becomes greater than in dynamic linking, as the library code is stored within the executable rather than in separate files.

Because the behavior tree notation uses a formal semantics, for any given example, it already is, or can be made executable.

BuildAMation provides a command line utility called bam. This executable should be invoked in any package directory to build that package.

UPX (Ultimate Packer for Executables) is an open source executable packer supporting a number of file formats from different operating systems.

This is supposed to increase ease of reuse and to lower the cost of software development. This also enables Executable UML domains to be cross- platform. That means it is not tied to any specific programming language, platform or technology. Executable UML also allows for translation of platform-independent models (PIM) into platform-specific models (PSM).

Executable stacks are generally considered to be a potential security hole. Blocks do not require the use of executable thunks, so they do not share this weakness. On the other hand, blocks introduces a completely new type for the pointer, while pointers to nested functions in GCC are regular function pointers and can be used directly with existing code.

Assuming the PHAR extension is enabled, all PHAR files may be executed simply by executing them with the PHP interpreter ("`php file.phar`"). If the PHAR extension is not enabled, only PHAR format can be executed. Additionally, it is possible to mark a PHAR file as executable, and to add an appropriate shebang to make the PHAR executable directly.

However, executable compression has become less popular because of increased storage capacity on computers. It has its use in the demoscene where demos have to stay within a size limit like 64 kilobytes to enter some competitions. Only very sophisticated compression formats, which add to load time, keep an executable small enough to enter these competitions.

During the installation of computer programs it is sometimes necessary to update the installer or package manager itself. To make this possible, a technique called bootstrapping is used. The common pattern for this is to use small executable files which update the installer and starts the real installation after the update. This small executable is called bootstrapper.

Practically all executable threaded code uses one or another of these methods for invoking subroutines (each method is called a "threading model").

With third party add-ons AmigaOS up to 3.9 recognizes various kinds of executable files other than Hunk format created for Motorola 68000.

2, 5.5.3 - All published for IBM-PC. v3.1C was the first compiled into direct executable code. 4.0 was the first to feature networking.

Kotlin can also be used as a scripting language. A script is a Kotlin source file (.kts) with top level executable code. // list_folders.

The mmap() function will never return mappings that are both writable and executable, even if those permissions are explicitly requested in the call.

Paradata technology transforms real-time data into verified insights and executable actions. Beginning in 2017, Dr. Selinger is a Principal Architect at Salesforce.com.

These attacks rely on some part of memory, usually the stack, being both writeable and executable; if it is not, the attack fails.

It is hidden in the .dmg file under General.rtf. The .rtf is actually a Mach-O format executable file packed with UPX 3.91.

Obtaining software directly from the source code is a common procedure on Unix computers, and generally involves the following three steps: configuring the makefile, compiling the code, and finally installing the executable to standard locations. A configure script accomplishes the first of these steps. Using configure scripts is an automated method of generating makefiles before compilation to tailor the software to the system on which the executable is to be compiled and run. The final executable software is most commonly obtained by executing the following commands in a shell that is currently pointing to the directory containing the source code: .

Hakim Kahlouche, César Viho, and Massimo Zendri, "An Industrial Experiment in Automatic Generation of Executable Test Suites for a Cache Coherency Protocol", Proc. International Workshop on Testing of Communicating Systems (IWTCS'98), Tomsk, Russia, September 1998. An abstract test suite cannot be directly used on the actual system under test (SUT) because abstract test cases remain at a high abstraction level and lack concrete details about the SUT and its environment. An executable test suite works on a sufficiently detailed level to correctly communicate with the SUT and a test harness is usually present to interface the executable test suite with the SUT.

An illustration of the linking process. Object files and static libraries are assembled into a new library or executable Programs written in a high level language are either directly executed by some kind of interpreter or converted into machine code by a compiler (and assembler and linker) for the CPU to execute. While compilers (and assemblers) generally produce machine code directly executable by computer hardware, they can often (optionally) produce an intermediate form called object code. This is basically the same machine specific code but augmented with a symbol table with names and tags to make executable blocks (or modules) identifiable and relocatable.

A shared library or shared object is a file that is intended to be shared by executable files and further shared object files. Modules used by a program are loaded from individual shared objects into memory at load time or runtime, rather than being copied by a linker when it creates a single monolithic executable file for the program. Shared libraries can be statically linked during compile-time, meaning that references to the library modules are resolved and the modules are allocated memory when the executable file is created. But often linking of shared libraries is postponed until they are loaded.

The file was compressed by creating a set of dictionaries that contain the op codes and are read by the kernel at start up and mapped into the executable in memory at run time. This makes the file fast loading, but has an extreme disadvantage, in that the dictionary is not extendible by the user and adding extra executable was not possible when using CELF compression techniques unless the executable symbols existed within the dictionary already present. The creation of CELF executables is generally done in batch. The entire system will be compressed and a file system image created from the crushed files.

The Exec Shield patch for Linux supplies 19 bits of stack entropy on a period of 16 bytes, and 8 bits of mmap base randomization on a period of 1 page of 4096 bytes. This places the stack base in an area 8 MB wide containing 524,288 possible positions, and the mmap base in an area 1 MB wide containing 256 possible positions. Position-independent executable (PIE) implements a random base address for the main executable binary and has been in place since 2003. It provides the same address randomness to the main executable as being used for the shared libraries.

Thus memory must be marked as executable; for security reasons this should be done after the code has been written to memory, and marked read-only, as writable/executable memory is a security hole (see W^X)."How to JIT – an introduction", Eli Bendersky, November 5th, 2013 at 5:59 am For instance Firefox's JIT compiler for Javascript introduced this protection in a release version with Firefox 46. JIT spraying is a class of computer security exploits that use JIT compilation for heap spraying – the resulting memory is then executable, which allows an exploit if execution can be moved into the heap.

In computer security, executable-space protection marks memory regions as non- executable, such that an attempt to execute machine code in these regions will cause an exception. It makes use of hardware features such as the NX bit (no- execute bit), or in some cases software emulation of those features. However technologies that somehow emulate or supply an NX bit will usually impose a measurable overhead; while using a hardware-supplied NX bit imposes no measurable overhead. The Burroughs 5000 offered hardware support for executable-space protection on its introduction in 1961; that capability remained in its successors until at least 2006.

This kind of optimization can also allow new techniques to be performed. For instance, function inlining, where a call to a function is replaced by a copy of the function body. ;Machine code optimization and object code optimizer: These analyze the executable task image of the program after all of an executable machine code has been linked. Some of the techniques that can be applied in a more limited scope, such as macro compression which saves space by collapsing common sequences of instructions, are more effective when the entire executable task image is available for analysis.

The Standard edition allows the user to create a slideshow as an executable file for Windows and Mac and AVI video file. The Deluxe version also allows HD video (MP4 H.264 file), DVD and to export on YouTube, Facebook, or iPhone/iPad. The quality output of this slideshow program can be said to be excellent for both executable files and video output.

This makes it possible to create a file that is of a different type than it appears to the user. For example, an executable may be created and named "picture.png.exe", in which the user sees only "picture.png" and therefore assumes that this file is a digital image and most likely is safe, yet when opened, it runs the executable on the client machine.

A MOZART model consists of a set of input files, some of which help to create the MOZART executable through source code generation. The creation and running of a MOZART model typically moves through four phases: # Creating, modifying, generating, or otherwise producing input files. # ("proc") Generating Fortran 90 code to make the preprocessor. # ("model") Using the previously generated code to make an executable.

On June 19, 2006, FaceTime Security Labs' security researchers Christopher Boyd and Wayne Porter discovered a worm, dubbed MW.Orc. The worm steals users' banking details, usernames and passwords by propagating through Orkut. The attack was triggered as users launched an executable file disguised as a JPEG file. The initial executable file that caused the infection installed two additional files on the user's computer.

The documentation discusses both attacks for which PaX will be effective in protecting a system and those for which it will not. All assume a full, position independent executable base with full Executable Space Protections and full Address Space Layout Randomization. Briefly, then, blockable attacks are: # Those which introduce and execute arbitrary code. These types of attacks frequently involve shellcode.

The DATA step has executable statements that result in the software taking an action, and declarative statements that provide instructions to read a data set or alter the data's appearance. The DATA step has two phases: compilation and execution. In the compilation phase, declarative statements are processed and syntax errors are identified. Afterwards, the execution phase processes each executable statement sequentially.

Alternatively, executable JAR files use a manifest file to specify the entry point in a manner that is filesystem-independent from the user's perspective.

NET applications may be distributed as a shared object (in Unix and Linux), a Dynamic Link Library (in Windows), or as an executable file.

Starting with version 3.91, UPX also supports 64-Bit (x64) executable files on the Windows platform.UPX News This feature is currently declared as experimental.

Support of Windows raster font files in PE executable format was added in 2.3.5. ;WOFF: Support of WOFF font format was added in 2.5.1.

The functional modules are distributed in relocatable format (.REL) and the GEN command is a specialized linker which builds an executable version of the system.

In 1988, Apollo Computer's Domain/OS SR10.1 introduced a new file type, "cmpexe" (compound executable), that bundled binaries for Motorola 680x0 and Apollo PRISM executables.

KAON, TextToOnto, and Text2Onto are open source, based on Java. KAON2 is not open source, but the executable can be downloaded from the KAON2 site.

They also attempted but failed to exploit CPU operations for memory alignment, division by zero, supervisor modes, segment limits, invalid opcodes, and non-executable code.

Some viruses, called polymorphic viruses, will employ a means of encryption inside an executable in which the virus is encrypted under certain events, such as the virus scanner being disabled for updates or the computer being rebooted. This is called cryptovirology. At said times, the executable will decrypt the virus and execute its hidden runtimes, infecting the computer and sometimes disabling the antivirus software.

Hunk is the executable file format of tools and programs of the Amiga Operating System based on Motorola 68000 CPU and other processors of the same family. This kind of executable got its name from the fact that the software programmed on Amiga is divided in its internal structure into many pieces called hunks, in which every portion could contain either code or data.

System Engineering is supported with SysML 1.4 modeling which can be coupled with executable code generation. SysML supports modeling from requirement definition and system composition using SysML Blocks and Parts, through to parametric model simulation. The executable code generation supports embedded HDL system languages (Ada, VHDL and Verilog), or it can be coupled with behavioral code generation of the standard code languages defined above.

Dependency Walker or depends.exe is a free program for Microsoft Windows used to list the imported and exported functions of a portable executable file. It also displays a recursive tree of all the dependencies of the executable file (all the files it requires to run). Dependency Walker was included in Microsoft Visual Studio until Visual Studio 2005 (Version 8.0) and Windows XP SP2 support tools.

Radare2 (also known as r2) is a complete framework for reverse-engineering and analyzing binaries; composed of a set of small utilities that can be used together or independently from the command line. Built around a disassembler for computer software which generates assembly language source code from machine-executable code, it supports a variety of executable formats for different processor architectures and operating systems.

Visual Studio features background compilation (also called incremental compilation). As code is being written, Visual Studio compiles it in the background in order to provide feedback about syntax and compilation errors, which are flagged with a red wavy underline. Warnings are marked with a green underline. Background compilation does not generate executable code, since it requires a different compiler than the one used to generate executable code.

In the DOS era, it was customary to add a PATH {program directory};%PATH% or SET PATH={program directory};%PATH% line to AUTOEXEC.BAT. When a command is entered in a command shell or a system call is made by a program to execute a program, the system first searches the current working directory and then searches the path, examining each directory from left to right, looking for an executable filename that matches the command name given. Executable programs have filename extensions of `EXE` or `COM`, and batch scripts have extensions of `BAT` or `CMD`. Other executable filename extensions can be registered with the system as well.

The models are a graphical, executable specification of the problem space that is compiled into a target implementation. They are also intended to be human-readable.

Binary Ninja supports various CPU architectures and binary executable formats. It runs on Windows, macOS, and Linux. It also has a free-to-use cloud version.

EICAR, in collaboration with CARO (Computer AntiVirus Research Organization), developed the EICAR test file: a harmless executable string, designed to test the integrity of antivirus software.

CARO, in collaboration with EICAR (European Institute for Computer Antivirus Research), developed the EICAR test file, an executable string designed to test the integrity of antivirus software.

MSCDEX is a driver executable which allows DOS programs to recognize, read, and control CD-ROMs. The command is available in MS-DOS versions 6 and later.

The access gateway is written in C++ and is executable both in Linux and Windows/Cygwin environments. The sample Captive portal authentication system is written in PHP.

However, unlike the pidgin ALGOL program in Figure 3.7, and are executable, and the partial order used in the sorting is an operand, the the examples above.

INI`, `CONFIG.SYS`, and `AUTOEXEC.BAT`). This executable is installed in the Windows system directory: `%windir%\SYSTEM` (Windows 3.x and 9x editions) or `%windir%\SYSTEM32` (Windows NTx editions).

Other architectures do not benefit from non-executable stack or heap; NetBSD does not by default use any software emulation to offer these features on those architectures.

Of course, compilers do more than just parse the source code – they usually translate it into some executable format. Because of this, a parser usually outputs more than a yes/no answer, typically an abstract syntax tree. This is used by subsequent stages of the compiler to eventually generate an executable containing machine code that runs directly on the hardware, or some intermediate code that requires a virtual machine to execute.

Most modern operating systemsSome older systems, e.g., Burroughs MCP, Multics, also have only a single format for executable files, regardless of whether they are shared. can have shared library files of the same format as the executable files. This offers two main advantages: first, it requires making only one loader for both of them, rather than two (having the single loader is considered well worth its added complexity).

Loaders for shared libraries vary widely in functionality. Some depend on the executable storing explicit paths to the libraries. Any change to the library naming or layout of the file system will cause these systems to fail. More commonly, only the name of the library (and not the path) is stored in the executable, with the operating system supplying a method to find the library on disk, based on some algorithm.

The class and state models by themselves can only provide a static view of the domain. In order to have an executable model, there must be a way to create class instances, establish associations, perform operations on attributes, call state events, etc. In Executable UML, this is done using an action language that conforms to the UML Action Semantics. Action Semantics was added to the UML specification in 2001.

The fonts () are TrueType fonts that come in a ZIP file and are each around 25 megabytes; the different fonts contain different numbers of characters.Download the file from the official website Also included is a Windows executable that implements a character map, the " Character Map" (), .English name from the title of the window produced by running the executable; Japanese name from the icon of the executable.Also called the "Mojikyō Cmap".

The NICTA team also proved correctness of the translation from C to executable machine code, taking the compiler out of the trusted computing base of seL4. This implies that the high-level security proofs hold for the kernel executable. seL4 is also the first published protected-mode OS kernel with a complete and sound worst-case execution-time (WCET) analysis, a prerequisite for its use in hard real-time systems.

PaX allows executable files in the Executable and Linkable Format to be marked with reduced restrictions via the chpax and paxctl tools. These markings exist in the ELF header, and thus are both filesystem independent and part of the file object itself. This means that the markings are retained through packaging, copying, archiving, encrypting, and moving of the objects. The chpax tool is deprecated in favor of paxctl.

As a directory service, an Active Directory instance consists of a database and corresponding executable code responsible for servicing requests and maintaining the database. The executable part, known as Directory System Agent, is a collection of Windows services and processes that run on Windows 2000 and later. Objects in Active Directory databases can be accessed via LDAP, ADSI (a component object model interface), messaging API and Security Accounts Manager services.

Novell's original NetWare client was written for DOS. Initial versions required a hard-linked protocol stack, where a separate executable would be created by the network administrator for each network card configuration on the network. This executable would be loaded at boot time, and remain resident in memory until the system was shut down. Later implementations allowed the network stack to be loaded and unloaded dynamically, using pre-existing modules.

The Interactive Disassembler (IDA) is a disassembler for computer software which generates assembly language source code from machine-executable code. It supports a variety of executable formats for different processors and operating systems. It also can be used as a debugger for Windows PE, Mac OS X Mach-O, and Linux ELF executables. A decompiler plug-in for programs compiled with a C/ compiler is available at extra cost.

LabVIEW includes a compiler that produces native code for the CPU platform. The graphical code is converted into Dataflow Intermediate Representation, and then translated into chunks of executable machine code by a compiler based on LLVM. Run-time engine calls these chunks, allowing better performance. The LabVIEW syntax is strictly enforced during the editing process and compiled into the executable machine code when requested to run or upon saving.

Another benefit of static builds is their portability: once the final executable file has been compiled, it is no longer necessary to keep the library files that the program references, since all the relevant parts are copied into the executable file. As a result, when installing a statically- built program on a computer, the user doesn't have to download and install additional libraries: the program is ready to run.

LS-DYNA consists of a single executable file and is entirely command-line driven. Therefore, all that is required to run LS-DYNA is a command shell, the executable, an input file, and enough free disk space to run the calculation. All input files are in simple ASCII format and thus can be prepared using any text editor. Input files can also be prepared with the aid of a graphical preprocessor.

As of NetBSD 2.0 and later (December 9, 2004), architectures which support it have non-executable stack and heap. NetBSD, Non-executable stack and heap, retrieved 2011/07/14. Architectures that have per-page granularity consist of: alpha, amd64, hppa, i386 (with PAE), powerpc (ibm4xx), sh5, sparc (sun4m, sun4d), sparc64. Architectures that can only support these with region granularity are: i386 (without PAE), other powerpc (such as macppc).

Novell ZENworks Application Virtualization is an application virtualization and portable application creation console by Novell that allows a user to build applications that run like an executable file.

In software design, model-driven integration is a subset of model-driven architecture (MDA) which focuses purely on solving Application Integration problems using executable Unified Modeling Language (UML).

Gundwana sought orders that the registrar, acting under the Uniform Rules of Court,s 31(5). could not grant an order declaring a mortgaged home to be executable.

He viewed this as an executable electronic blackboard.Smith, David. "Pygmalion: A Creative Programming Environment", 1975. Smith named this system Pygmalion after the famous sculptor Pygmalion from Roman mythology.

Microsoft Windows XP SP2 Data Execution Prevention Eventually, operating systems began to combat the exploitation of buffer overflow bugs by marking the memory where data is written as non-executable, a technique known as executable space protection. With this enabled, the machine would refuse to execute any code located in user-writable areas of memory, preventing the attacker from placing payload on the stack and jumping to it via a return address overwrite. Hardware support later became available to strengthen this protection. With data execution prevention, an adversary cannot execute maliciously injected instructions because a typical buffer overflow overwrites contents in the data section of memory, which is marked as non-executable.

The distribution format is typically an executable, but may also be source code, especially for a program written in an interpreted language. The means of distribution can be physical media such as a USB flash drive or a remote download via the Internet. Installation time gets the distributed program ready for execution on the user's computer, which often includes storing the executable for future loading by the OS. Load time is when the OS takes the program's executable from storage, such as a hard drive, and places it into active memory, in order to begin execution. Run time is the execution phase, when the central processing unit executes the program's machine code instructions.

NASM principally outputs object files, which are generally not executable by themselves. The only exception to this are flat binaries (e.g., .COM) which are inherently limited in modern use.

To translate the object files into executable programs, an appropriate linker must be used, such as the Visual Studio "LINK" utility for Windows or ld for Unix-like systems.

When running the Visual Studio IDE the devenv.exe file is started. However, the IDE is not just a simple monolithic .exe file or an executable divided into a few .

Despite the misleading extension, MediaFire successfully identified the malicious image as an .exe- file. The malicious Shikara Code poses as a .jpeg image but is indeed an executable file.

A no-op has its location stored, to be replaced by a jump to an executable fragment that at its end returns to the instruction after the no-op.

Because QML and JavaScript are very similar, almost all code editors supporting JavaScript will work. However full support for syntax highlighting, code completion, integrated help, and a WYSIWYG editor are available in the free cross-platform IDE Qt Creator since version 2.1 and many other IDEs. The qml executable can be used to run a QML file as a script. If the QML file begins with a shebang it can be made directly executable.

Quake was one of the first games to support 3D hardware acceleration. While initially released with only software rendering, John Carmack created a version of the Quake executable that took advantage of Rendition's Vérité 1000 graphics chip (VQuake). OpenGL support was added in the form of the GLQuake executable for Windows 95 and higher. Other cards capable of rendering GLQuake were a professional (and very expensive) Intergraph 3D OpenGL card and later, the PowerVR cards.

Compiled computer programs are commonly referred to as executables, binary images, or simply as binaries – a reference to the binary file format used to store the executable code. Some compiled and assembled object programs need to be combined as modules with a linker utility in order to produce an executable program. Interpreters are used to execute source code from a programming language line-by-line. The interpreter decodes each statement and performs its behavior.

Structure of a Portable Executable 32 bit A PE file consists of a number of headers and sections that tell the dynamic linker how to map the file into memory. An executable image consists of several different regions, each of which require different memory protection; so the start of each section must be aligned to a page boundary. For instance, typically the .text section (which holds program code) is mapped as execute/readonly, and the .

Monster AI and armor classes are fixed for example. Older DeHackEd patches use a binary format of data to be applied to an executable file using the DeHackEd patching utility. Later versions of DeHackEd save their patches in a human-readable plain text format that can be edited with any text editor. Boom included the ability to load DeHackEd patches and effect changes to the game upon startup without any modification to the executable file.

There have also been many attempts to create a machine readable or machine executable legal code. A machine readable code would simplify the analysis of legal code, allowing the rapid construction and analysis of databases, without the need for advanced text processing techniques. A machine executable format would allow the specifics of a case to be input, and would return the decision based on the case. Machine readable legal code is already quite common.

On NTFS drives, individual files or entire folders could be compressed or expanded. The Windows NT version of File Manager allows users to change directory, file, local, network and user permissions. From Windows 95 and Windows NT 4.0 onward, File Manager was superseded by Windows Explorer. However, the `WINFILE.EXE` program file was still included with Windows 95, Windows 98 and Windows Me (16-bit executable), and Windows NT 4.0 (32-bit executable).

Object files can in turn be linked to form an executable file or library file. In order to be used, object code must either be placed in an executable file, a library file, or an object file. Object code is a portion of machine code that has not yet been linked into a complete program. It is the machine code for one particular library or module that will make up the completed product.

Although XBMP is licensed under the GNU General Public License (GPL), it is written for use with Microsoft's XDK and so is not legally available as an executable program to non-official Microsoft game-publishers. Users are encouraged to compile their own binaries from the public CVS repository using the XDK, rather than downloading a questionable illegally released executable. XBMP's full source code is however legal 'as is' and is available on SourceForge.

There are several advantages to statically linking libraries with an executable instead of dynamically linking them. The most significant advantage is that the application can be certain that all its libraries are present and that they are the correct version. This avoids dependency problems, known colloquially as DLL Hell or more generally dependency hell. Static linking can also allow the application to be contained in a single executable file, simplifying distribution and installation.

Numerous copy-protection systems have been countered by readily available, often free, software, or even by simply turning off automatic AutoPlay to prevent the running of the DRM executable program.

An execution environment node (EEN) is a software computing resource that runs within an outer node and which itself provides a service to host and execute other executable software elements.

Developed for Windows NT, the PE format (sometimes written as PE/COFF) uses a COFF header for object files, and as a component of the PE header for executable files.

Solaris has supported globally disabling stack execution on SPARC processors since Solaris 2.6 (1997); in Solaris 9 (2002), support for disabling stack execution on a per-executable basis was added.

ER 2006:26-39 Paolo Besana, Adam Barker: An Executable Calculus for Service Choreography. OTM Conferences 2009:373-380 Raman Kazhamiakin, Marco Pistore: Analysis of Realizability Conditions for Web Service Choreographies.

CIP-Tool permits models to be automatically converted to executable code. This greatly facilitates testing, documentation and final implementation. Currently the languages C/C++ and Java are supported as output formats.

The GNU logo The GNAT Modified General Public License (short: Modified GPL, GMGPL) is a version of the GNU General Public License specifically modified for compiled units and for the generic feature found in the Ada programming language. The modification is as follows: :As a special exception, if other files instantiate generics from this unit, or you link this unit with other files to produce an executable, this unit does not by itself cause the resulting executable to be covered by the GNU General Public License. This exception does not however invalidate any other reasons why the executable file might be covered by the GNU Public License. The GNAT Ada compiler can automate conformance checks for some GPL software license issues via a compiler directive.

A disadvantage of self-extracting archives is that running executables of unverified reliability, for example when sent as an email attachment or downloaded from the Internet, may be a security risk. An executable file described as a self-extracting archive may actually be a malicious program. One protection against this is to open it with an archive manager instead of executing it (losing the minor advantage of self- extraction); the archive manager will either report the file as not an archive or will show the underlying metadata of the executable file - a strong indication that the file is not actually a self-extracting archive. Additionally, some systems for distributing files do not accept executable files in order to prevent the transmission of malicious programs.

The shebang is actually a human-readable instance of a magic number in the executable file, the magic byte string being ', the two-character encoding in ASCII of . This magic number is detected by the "exec" family of functions, which determine whether a file is a script or an executable binary. The presence of the shebang will result in the execution of the specified executable, usually an interpreter for the script's language. It has been claimed that some old versions of Unix expect the normal shebang to be followed by a space and a slash ('), but this appears to be untrue; rather, blanks after the shebang have traditionally been allowed, and sometimes documented with a space (see the 1980 email in history section below).

Once the decryption was done, the loader transferred control to the game program. The PC version was easy to circumvent, as the original game executable code was just stored inside the loader. Once you got past the disk checks, and encryption code, dumping the unencrypted executable was just a matter of performing 2 disk writes. The first would dump the unmodified "MZ" header, and the 2nd write would finish the job by saving the actual game code.

The implementations of dynamic loading on UNIX-like operating systems and Windows allow programmers to extract symbols from the currently executing process. UNIX-like operating systems allow programmers to access the global symbol table, which includes both the main executable and subsequently loaded dynamic libraries. Windows allows programmers to access symbols exported by the main executable. Windows does not use a global symbol table, and has no API to search across multiple modules to find a symbol by name.

A number of COM files in IBM PC DOS 1.0 A COM file is a type of simple executable file. On the Digital Equipment operating systems of the 1970s, `.COM` was used as a filename extension for text files containing commands to be issued to the operating system (similar to a batch file). With the introduction of CP/M (a microcomputer operating system), the type of files commonly associated with COM extension changed to that of executable files.

CIL code is verified for safety during runtime, providing better security and reliability than natively compiled executable files. The execution process looks like this: #Source code is converted to CIL bytecode and a CLI assembly is created. #Upon execution of a CIL assembly, its code is passed through the runtime's JIT compiler to generate native code. Ahead-of-time compilation may also be used, which eliminates this step, but at the cost of executable-file portability.

Verification is completed by different methods with the focus of comparing different aspects of the executable model with the conceptual model. On the other hand, validation methods are the methods by which a model, either conceptual or executable is compared with the situation it is trying to model. Both are methods by which the model can be analyzed to help find defects in the modeling methods being used, or potential misrepresentations of the real- life situation.

Blocks bear a superficial resemblance to GCC's extension of C to support lexically scoped nested functions. However, GCC's nested functions, unlike blocks, must not be called after the containing scope has exited, as that would result in undefined behavior. GCC-style nested functions currently use dynamic creation of executable thunks on most architectures when taking the address of the nested function. On most architectures (including X86), these thunks are created on the stack, which requires marking the stack executable.

This was the first PowerPC native version, which made it a lot faster than previous versions on newer machines. Also, this version introduced an application called Standalone Maker, which put a front end on the ability to edit the resource fork of executable SuperCard projects. SuperCard had always been able to produce stand alone executable applications, but this tool lowered the barrier to entry for novice users. Version 2.0 and 2.5 were released in Japanese-language versions.

While the `setuid` feature is very useful in many cases, its improper use can pose a security risk if the `setuid` attribute is assigned to executable programs that are not carefully designed. Due to potential security issues, many operating systems ignore the `setuid` attribute when applied to executable shell scripts. The presence of `setuid` executables explains why the `chroot` system call is not available to non-root users on Unix. See limitations of `chroot` for more details.

It makes for instance possible to split up an executable binary file into "XIP regions", thus avoiding the restriction of fragmentation that was mentioned above. A NetBSD implementation is also under development.

Examples include natural language programming,Little, Greg, and Robert C. Miller. "Translating keyword commands into executable code." Proceedings of the 19th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology. ACM, 2006.

A compiler developed by LightSpeed Software for a subset of the C programming language. C/65 outputs assembly source code. An assembler like MAC/65 is needed to create an executable file.

Listener receives requests for new connections from clients and assigns them to an available working thread. Listener plays an intermediate role between clients and working threads using an independent executable file, tblistener.

IExpress (`IEXPRESS.EXE`) can be used for distributing self-contained installation packages (INF-based setup executables) to multiple local or remote Windows computers. It creates a self-extracting executable (.EXE) or a compressed Cabinet (.

Ghostball was the first multipartite virus discovered.Ghostballs Virus Profile & Definition The virus was discovered in October 1989, by Fridrik Skulason. The virus is capable of infecting both executable .COM-files and boot sectors.

EXE packers support it: WinLite, PackWin, PKLite 2.01, and SLR Optloader or NeLite for OS/2. The NE format is also still used as (non-executable) container for `.fon` Microsoft Windows bitmapped fonts.

Eiffel has five basic executable instructions: assignment, object creation, routine call, condition, and iteration. Eiffel's control structures are strict in enforcing structured programming: every block has exactly one entry and exactly one exit.

This includes executable data, macros, scripts and malformed data that triggers vulnerabilities in applications. While CTR is a form of content transformation, not all transformations provide a complete defence against the content threat.

In the words of Ferrie and Ször:Ferrie, Peter; and Ször, Péter; Zmist opportunities, Virus Bulletin, March 2001, Abingdon, Oxfordshire (UK), pp. 6–7 > This virus supports a unique new technique: code integration. The Mistfall > engine contained in it is capable of decompiling Portable Executable files > to [their] smallest elements, requiring 32 MB of memory. Zmist will insert > itself into the code: it moves code blocks out of the way, inserts itself, > regenerates code and data references, including relocation information, and > rebuilds the executable.

In computing, exec is a functionality of an operating system that runs an executable file in the context of an already existing process, replacing the previous executable. This act is also referred to as an overlay. It is especially important in Unix-like systems, although exists elsewhere. As a new process is not created, the process identifier (PID) does not change, but the machine code, data, heap, and stack of the process are replaced by those of the new program.

An illustration of the linking process. Object files and static libraries are assembled into a new library or executable In computing, a linker or link editor is a computer system program that takes one or more object files (generated by a compiler or an assembler) and combines them into a single executable file, library file, or another "object" file. A simpler version that writes its output directly to memory is called the loader, though loading is typically considered a separate process.

Compiled programs will typically use building blocks (functions) kept in a library of such object code modules. A linker is used to combine (pre-made) library files with the object file(s) of the application to form a single executable file. The object files that are used to generate an executable file are thus often produced at different times, and sometimes even by different languages (capable of generating the same object format). A simple interpreter written in a low level language (e.g.

The graphics stack has several peculiarities unusual for a web browser. The fonts displayed by Links are not derived from the system, but compiled into the binary as grayscale bitmaps in Portable Network Graphics (PNG) format. This allows the browser to be one executable file independent of the system libraries. However this increases the size of the executable to about 5 MB. The fonts are anti-aliased without hinting and for small line pitch an artificial sharpening is employed to increase legibility.

If a shared library that an executable depends on is deleted, moved, or renamed, or if an incompatible version of the library is copied to a place that is earlier in the search, the executable would fail to load. This is called dependency hell, existing on many platforms. The (infamous) Windows variant is commonly known as DLL hell. This problem cannot occur if each version of each library is uniquely identified and each program references libraries only by their full unique identifiers.

The behavior tree representation of the integrated behavior of the system affords several important advantages as an executable model. It clearly separates the tasks of component integration from the task of individual component implementation. The integrated behavior of the system that emerges from integrating the requirements can be used as a foundation to create a design by applying design decisions. The result is a design behavior tree (DBT): an executable multithreaded component integration specification that has been built out of the original requirements.

In executable UML, optimizations are done by the model compiler either automatically or through marking. Marking allows specific model elements to be targeted for specific lower-level implementations, and allows for broader architectural decisions, such as specifying that collections of objects should be implemented as a doubly linked list. In MDA terms, the model compiler creates the PSM. The separation between the PIM and PSM in Executable UML disables the ability to round-trip engineer the model, and deters modifications to the PSM.

This process continues until all external references have been resolved. It is an error if one or more remains unresolved at the end of the process. While reverse engineering an executable, many tools refer to the symbol table to check what addresses have been assigned to global variables and known functions. If the symbol table has been stripped or cleaned out before being converted into an executable, tools will find it harder to determine addresses or understand anything about the program.

Windows XP Service Pack 2 introduced Data Execution Prevention. This feature, present as NX (EVP) in AMD's AMD64 processors and as XD (EDB) in Intel's processors, can flag certain parts of memory as containing data instead of executable code, which prevents overflow errors from resulting in arbitrary code execution. It is intended to prevent an application or service from executing code from a non- executable memory region. This helps prevent certain exploits that store code via a buffer overflow, for example.

Originally, the term "build" referred to the process of compiling and linking source code into executable code. Typically, these executable codes would be stand-alone applications, such as Microsoft Word or Adobe Photoshop. During the 1990s, the typical release cycle for applications (such as the Microsoft Windows operating system) was 12 to 24 months. In traditional software development at that time, developers would typically check in code once a day, and would run a "nightly build" after all the code was checked in.

A non-executable stack can prevent some buffer overflow exploitation, however it cannot prevent a return-to-libc attack because in the return-to-libc attack only existing executable code is used. On the other hand, these attacks can only call preexisting functions. Stack-smashing protection can prevent or obstruct exploitation as it may detect the corruption of the stack and possibly flush out the compromised segment. "ASCII armoring" is a technique that can be used to obstruct this kind of attack.

Moreover, some compressed executables have additional requirements, such as those that write the decompressed executable to the file system before executing it. Executable compression is not limited to binary executables, but can also be applied to scripts, such as JavaScript. Because most scripting languages are designed to work on human-readable code, which has a high redundancy, compression can be very effective and as simple as replacing long names used to identify variables and functions with shorter versions and/or removing white-space.

This keeps the libraries 'bound' until the next OS update. It does, however, change the checksum of the executable, so it is not something that can be done with signed programs, or programs that are managed by a configuration management tool that uses checksums (such as MD5 checksums) to manage file versions. As more recent Windows versions have moved away from having fixed addresses for every loaded library (for security reasons), the opportunity and value of binding an executable is decreasing.

Position-independent executables (PIE) are executable binaries made entirely from position-independent code. While some systems only run PIC executables, there are other reasons they are used. PIE binaries are used in some security-focused Linux distributions to allow PaX or Exec Shield to use address space layout randomization to prevent attackers from knowing where existing executable code is during a security attack using exploits that rely on knowing the offset of the executable code in the binary, such as return-to-libc attacks. Apple's macOS and iOS fully support PIE executables as of versions 10.7 and 4.3, respectively; a warning is issued when non-PIE iOS executables are submitted for approval to Apple's App Store but there's no hard requirement yet and non-PIE applications are not rejected.

The Arduino IDE employs the program avrdude to convert the executable code into a text file in hexadecimal encoding that is loaded into the Arduino board by a loader program in the board's firmware.

The Object Management Group has standardized the Foundational UML (fUML), which was strongly influenced by Executable UML. Action Language for Foundational UML (ALF), is a standard action language specification by the Object Management Group.

Converts an executable (.exe) file into a binary file with the extension .com, which is a memory image of the program. The size of the resident code and data sections combined in the input .

The unmarshaller interface automatically converts the marshalled data containing codebase(s) into an executable Java object in JAXB. Any object that can be deserialized can be unmarshalled. However, the converse need not be true.

Just in time compilation (JIT) is the generation of executable code on-the-fly or as close as possible to its actual execution, to take advantage of run time metrics or other performance enhancing options.

The Neko virtual machine is used to execute a Neko bytecode file, the VM also has the option to convert a bytecode file into an executable file (output changes depending on the target operating system).

No version of Linux has ever supported this traditional behavior; Linux performs caching of executable files in the same way as all files, so re-executing the program to flush the cache is not necessary.

Single-use participants are restricted to use RELAP5-3D on a single computer, one user at a time. They receive the RELAP5-3D executable code and may receive up to 5 hours of staff assistance.

Then select Scheduled Tasks and remove all tasks with the prefix At such as At1, ..., At24. The Bohmini.A installation is customizable and therefore each of the implementations vary. For example, the executable names vary. Bohmini.

JIT spraying is a class of computer security exploit that circumvents the protection of address space layout randomization (ASLR) and data execution prevention (DEP) by exploiting the behavior of just-in-time compilation. It has been used to exploit PDF format and Adobe Flash. A just-in-time compiler (JIT) by definition produces code as its data. Since the purpose is to produce executable data, a JIT compiler is one of the few types of programs that can not be run in a no-executable-data environment.

This allows the programmer to change executable code while it is running, set break points, and use other advanced debugging techniques on an embedded system, where such operations would not be possible otherwise. This type of tool appeared in 1980s-1990s, when most embedded systems were using discrete ROM (or later flash memory) chip, containing executable code. This allowed for easy replacing of ROM/flash chip with emulator. Together with excellent productivity of this tool this had driven an almost universal use of it among embedded developers.

An example of issues faced when scaling up discovery tools is with Microsoft's System Centre Configuration Manager (SCCM). Using SCCM Metering Rules to monitor software usage across a small estate or a small number of applications is relatively easy and reliable given the total number of unique executables (.exe files) and the number of instances of each executable. Turning on Metering Rules for every packaged application and every executable in a large estate quickly makes the volume of data generated unmanageable and expensive to maintain.

Jerusalem is a logic bomb DOS virus first detected at Hebrew University of Jerusalem, in October 1987. On infection, the Jerusalem virus becomes memory resident (using 2kb of memory), and then infects every executable file run, except for COMMAND.COM. COM files grow by 1,813 bytes when infected by Jerusalem and are not re-infected. Executable files grow by 1,808 to 1,823 bytes each time they are infected, and are then re-infected each time the files are loaded until they are too large to load into memory.

XPDL is currently the best file format for exchange of BPMN diagrams; it has been designed specifically to store all aspects of a BPMN diagram. XPDL contains elements to hold graphical information, such as the X and Y position of the nodes, as well as executable aspects which would be used to run a process. This distinguishes XPDL from BPEL which focuses exclusively on the executable aspects of the process. BPEL does not contain elements to represent the graphical aspects of a process diagram.

A 64K intro is a demo where the size of the executable file is limited to 64 kibibytes, or 65,536 bytes. At demo parties there is a category for this kind of demo, where the one that gives the best impression wins. 64K intros generally apply many techniques to be able to fit in the given size, usually including procedural generation, sound synthesis and executable compression. The size of 64 kibibytes is a traditional limit which was inherited from the maximum size of a COM file.

In computer science, remote evaluation is a general term for any technology that involves the transmission of executable software code from a client computer to a server computer for subsequent execution at the server. After the code has finished executing, the results of its execution are sent back to the client. Remote evaluation belongs to the family of mobile code, within the field of code mobility. An example for remote evaluation is grid computing: An executable task may be sent to a specific computer in the grid.

Dynamic-link library (DLL) is Microsoft's implementation of the shared library concept in the Microsoft Windows and OS/2 operating systems. These libraries usually have the file extension `DLL`, `OCX` (for libraries containing ActiveX controls), or `DRV` (for legacy system drivers). The file formats for DLLs are the same as for Windows EXE files – that is, Portable Executable (PE) for 32-bit and 64-bit Windows, and New Executable (NE) for 16-bit Windows. As with EXEs, DLLs can contain code, data, and resources, in any combination.

Consequently, restrictions on the Gmail service are also enforced when using GMail Drive. For example, files larger than 25 MB cannot be uploaded, as the maximum file size of Gmail attachments is 25 MB. In the past, Gmail also prevented users from transferring certain file types, such as an executable or ZIP archives that contain an executable within. Some users bypassed this restriction by renaming the file extension or by putting it into a RAR or 7z archive. This restriction has now been lifted.

They consist of a recognized Gherkin keyword followed by a string. All Gherkin files have the `.feature` file extension. They contain a single Feature definition for the system under test and are an executable test script.

The original hard drive can then be reformatted and the OS and all programs installed from original media. Once the system has been restored, precautions must be taken to avoid reinfection from any restored executable files.

The inspectors goal is to find and document flaws between the conceptual model and the executable model.Sokolowski, John; Banks, Catherine; Edited by(2010). Modeling and Simulation Fundamentals: Theoretical Underpinnings and Practical Domains. Wiley. p. 340-345.

Kconfig is also used in other projects, such as Das U-Boot, a bootloader for embedded devices, Buildroot, a tool for generating embedded Linux systems, and BusyBox, a single-executable shell utility toolbox for embedded systems.

The Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) as implemented by the Common Language Runtime (CLR), is implemented by the Mono executable. The runtime compiles and executes .NET applications. The common language infrastructure is defined by the ECMA standard.

To execute an application or render a file in early graphical user interfaces, the user had to click on the representation of the actual file or executable in the location where the application or file was. The concept of disassociating the executable from the icon representing an instruction to perform a task associated with that file or executable so that they may be grouped by function or task rather than physical organisation in the file structure was first described in the research paper "A Task Oriented Front End For The Windows Graphical User Interface", published in 1991 by Kingston University and presented to both Microsoft and Xerox EuroPARC that same year under an academia/business technology sharing agreement. A simplified form of this research was incorporated into System 7 in 1991, and four years later into Windows 95.

Network Utility uses the tools supplied in the unix directories for most of its functions, however for the port scan it uses a unix executable in its resources folder, stroke, found at `Network Utility.app/Contents/Resources/stroke`.

It also drops a folder title 'Pmp' onto the root level of the device, which contains the boot image, a config file, and one or more executable, wma.exe, mp3.exe, or rlm.exe. modified versions of the wma.

Class designers allow the specification of arbitrarily complex data structures in a convenient form and the prescriptive nature of this description allows generation of executable code to perform list management, format translation, endian swapping and so on.

The court held that the registrar's order, under section 31(5) of the Uniform Rules of Court, declaring residential property to be executable, was unconstitutional, because judicial oversight is required where execution is sought against indigent debtors.

Circa 1986, the GNU Assembler ("GAS") became available. As with the original UNIX assembler, GAS's executable is simply named as. As of 2018, GAS implements many features that were not present in the 1971 Bell Labs implementation.

In Microsoft Windows, resources are read-only data embedded in portable executable files like EXE, DLL, CPL, SCR, SYS or (beginning with Windows Vista) MUI files. The Windows API provides for easy access to all applications resources.

Relocatable Dynamic Object File Format (RDOFF) is used by developers to test the integrity of NASM's object file output abilities. It is based heavily on the internal structure of NASM, essentially consisting of a header containing a serialization of the output driver function calls followed by an array of sections containing executable code or data. Tools for using the format, including a linker and loader, are included in the NASM distribution. Until version 0.90 was released in October 1996, NASM supported output of only flat- format executable files (e.g.

DOS is not a multitasking operating system, but replacing the previous executable image has a great merit there due to harsh primary memory limitations and lack of virtual memory. The same API is used for overlaying programs in DOS and it has effects similar to ones on POSIX systems. MS-DOS exec functions always load the new program into memory as if the "maximum allocation" in the program's executable file header is set to default value 0xFFFF. The EXEHDR utility can be used to change the maximum allocation field of a program.

The Portable Executable (PE) format is a file format for executables, object code, DLLs and others used in 32-bit and 64-bit versions of Windows operating systems. The PE format is a data structure that encapsulates the information necessary for the Windows OS loader to manage the wrapped executable code. This includes dynamic library references for linking, API export and import tables, resource management data and thread-local storage (TLS) data. On NT operating systems, the PE format is used for EXE, DLL, SYS (device driver), and other file types.

The behavior implemented by a library can be connected to the invoking program at different program lifecycle phases. If the code of the library is accessed during the build of the invoking program, then the library is called a static library. An alternative is to build the executable of the invoking program and distribute that, independently of the library implementation. The library behavior is connected after the executable has been invoked to be executed, either as part of the process of starting the execution, or in the middle of execution.

Tagging is a compiler-based or hardware-based (requiring a tagged architecture) technique for tagging the type of a piece of data in memory, used mainly for type checking. By marking certain areas of memory as non-executable, it effectively prevents memory allocated to store data from containing executable code. Also, certain areas of memory can be marked as non-allocated, preventing buffer overflows. Historically, tagging has been used for implementing high-level programming languages; with appropriate support from the operating system, tagging can also be used to detect buffer overflows.

In computer systems a loader is the part of an operating system that is responsible for loading programs and libraries. It is one of the essential stages in the process of starting a program, as it places programs into memory and prepares them for execution. Loading a program involves reading the contents of the executable file containing the program instructions into memory, and then carrying out other required preparatory tasks to prepare the executable for running. Once loading is complete, the operating system starts the program by passing control to the loaded program code.

Anatomy of an Executable Operational Architecture. In addition to examining behavior over time, one can also assess an overall dynamic mission cost over time in terms of human and system/network resource dollar costs and their processes dollar costs. Analysis of dollar costs in executable architectures is a first step in an architecture based investment strategy, where we eventually need to align architectures to funding decisions to ensure that investment decisions are directly linked to mission objectives and their outcomes. The figure on the right illustrates the anatomy of one such dynamic model.

Some root applications may include a "hiding" function, which makes attempts to mask the effects and results of rooting, often by whitelisting certain applications for root, or blocking access to affected files. The distinction between "soft rooting" through a security vulnerability and "hard-rooting" by flashing a `su` binary executable varies from exploit to exploit, and manufacturer to manufacturer. Soft-rooting requires that a device be vulnerable to privilege escalation, or replacing executable binaries. Hard-rooting is supported by the manufacturer, and it generally only exposed for devices the manufacturer allows.

MythTV is available for many operating systems based on Linux or Unix, including Mac OS. The MythTV website distributes only source code, which must be compiled for the desired system; executable programs can be downloaded from various third-party sources. The software runs on and is officially supported by Microsoft Windows, but no official executable version was available; there are detailed instructions for compiling for Windows. All core frontend features work under Windows, including LiveTV, scheduling, and watching recordings, but most plugins do not work without additional patches.

BusyBox is a software suite that provides several Unix utilities in a single executable file. It runs in a variety of POSIX environments such as Linux, Android, and FreeBSD, although many of the tools it provides are designed to work with interfaces provided by the Linux kernel. It was specifically created for embedded operating systems with very limited resources. The authors dubbed it "The Swiss Army knife of Embedded Linux",The slogan for 'The Swiss Army Knife of Embedded Linux' source as the single executable replaces basic functions of more than 300 common commands.

Data is loaded into the running Lisp system. The programmer may then dump a system image, containing that pre-compiled and possibly customized code—and also all loaded application data. Often this image is an executable, and can be run on other machines. This system image can be the form in which executable programs are distributed—this method has often been used by programs (such as TeX and Emacs) largely implemented in Lisp, Smalltalk, or idiosyncratic languages to avoid spending time repeating the same initialization work every time they start up.

Prior to execution, a program must first be written. This is generally done in source code, which is then compiled at compile time (and statically linked at link time) to an executable. This executable is then invoked, most often by an operating system, which loads the program into memory (load time), possibly performs dynamic linking, and then begins execution by moving control to the entry point of the program; all these steps depend on the Application Binary Interface of the operating system. At this point execution begins and the program enters run time.

FitNesse is a tool developed in Java and shipped as a single, executable jar file. The executable includes a wiki engine, an embedded web server, a testing engine and all the resources (images, stylesheets and so on) required to create a web site in FitNesse's own style. FitNesse is focused very much on ease of use as a testing tool. As such it ships with all required components on board: upon execution the tool launches an embedded web server which allows test pages to be exposed locally or across the Internet with equal ease.

In order to be executed by the system (such as an operating system, firmware, or boot loader), an executable file must conform to the system's application binary interface (ABI). In simple interfaces, a file is executed by loading it into memory and jumping to the start of the address space and executing from there. In more complicated interfaces, executable files have additional metadata specifying a separate entry point. For example, in ELF, the entry point is specified in the header's `e_entry` field, which specifies the (virtual) memory address at which to start execution.

In its implementation of tagged architecture, each word of memory had an associated, hidden tag bit designating it code or data. Thus user programs cannot write or even read a program word, and data words cannot be executed. If an operating system can mark some or all writable regions of memory as non-executable, it may be able to prevent the stack and heap memory areas from being executable. This helps to prevent certain buffer-overflow exploits from succeeding, particularly those that inject and execute code, such as the Sasser and Blaster worms.

GraalVM Native Image is an ahead-of-time compilation technology that produces executable binaries of class files. It is released as an early adopter plugin, which means it is production-ready but may include backport incompatible updates in the future releases. This functionality supports JVM-based languages, but can optionally execute dynamic languages, developed on top of GraalVM with Truffle framework. The executable file does not run on a JVM and uses necessary runtime components as thread scheduling or GC from “Substrate VM” - a trivial version of a virtual machine.

Underground mode (pak128) The Simutrans executable must load a pakset which contains the game's objects. Over the years several paksets have been created. An overview is given on the official page. Simutrans can easily be expanded or modified.

In a .NET executable, the PE code section contains a stub that invokes the CLR virtual machine startup entry, `_CorExeMain` or `_CorDllMain` in `mscoree.dll`, much like it was in Visual Basic executables. The virtual machine then makes use of .

Both the 1260 and Vienna infect .COM files in the current or PATH directories upon execution. Changing an authenticated executable file is detected by most modern computer operating systems.McAfee Labs Threat Center, Details and results of V2PX virus analysis.

An open class is one that can be changed. Typically, an executable program cannot be changed by customers. Developers can often change some classes, but typically cannot change standard or built-in ones. In Ruby, all classes are open.

Google Korea announced that 'Google Saturi (, Korean dialect) Translate' had been opened on April 1, 2008. When the user tried to use this translator, a message appeared, explaining that it was April Fools' Day event and was not executable.

PATH is an environment variable on Unix-like operating systems, DOS, OS/2, and Microsoft Windows, specifying a set of directories where executable programs are located. In general, each executing process or user session has its own PATH setting.

The games are in the form of .ipg files (iPod game), which are actually .zip archives in disguise. When unzipped, they reveal executable files along with common audio and image files, leading to the possibility of third-party games.

An ELF file has two views: the program header shows the segments used at run time, whereas the section header lists the set of sections of the binary. In computing, the Executable and Linkable Format (ELF, formerly named Extensible Linking Format), is a common standard file format for executable files, object code, shared libraries, and core dumps. First published in the specification for the application binary interface (ABI) of the Unix operating system version named System V Release 4 (SVR4),System V Application Binary Interface Edition 4.1 (1997-03-18) and later in the Tool Interface Standard,Tool Interface Standard (TIS) Executable and Linking Format (ELF) Specification Version 1.2 (May 1995) it was quickly accepted among different vendors of Unix systems. In 1999, it was chosen as the standard binary file format for Unix and Unix-like systems on x86 processors by the 86open project.

Also, some older virus scanners simply report all compressed executables as viruses because the decompressor stubs share some characteristics with those. Most modern virus scanners can unpack several different executable compression layers to check the actual executable inside, but some popular anti-virus and anti-malware scanners have had troubles with false positive alarms on compressed executables. In an attempt to solve the problem of malware obfuscated with the help of runtime packers the IEEE Industry Connections Security Group has introduced a software taggant system. Executable compression used to be more popular when computers were limited to the storage capacity of floppy disks, which were both slow and low capacity media, and small hard drives; it allowed the computer to store more software in the same amount of space, without the inconvenience of having to manually unpack an archive file every time the user wanted to use the software.

The integrated development environment could run a BASIC program internally for traditional BASIC debugging (see sample below), or generate an MS-DOS stand-alone executable file that could be run on other systems without the Turbo Basic product or runtime libraries.

Many such additional libraries exist, most of which are open source, written by users and accessible via the Basic4ppc forum. Merging: Additional libraries code is merged into the main executable almost always. This way a single file can be deployed.

Multigrain targets specifically the Windows point of sale system, which has a multi.exe executable file."NewPosThings back as Multigrain, says Fireeye" If Multigrain gets into a POS system that does not have multi.exe then it deletes itself without leaving any trace.

Implementing literate programming consists of two steps: # Weaving: Generating a comprehensive document about the program and its maintenance. # Tangling: Generating machine executable code Weaving and tangling are done on the same source so that they are consistent with each other.

Game Editor projects can be saved into .ged files before exporting/building into an executable. All versions of Game Editor are backwards compatible. Game Editor also adds a folder named "data" into the directory in which the user saved the .

Intelligent Updater is an alternate delivery method for virus definitions, which consists of an executable file that can be downloaded and run manually. It is used to update virus definitions only. To install other updates a user must run LiveUpdate.

Self-extracting archives will only run under the operating system with which they are compatible. Also, since they must include executable code to handle the extraction of the contained archive file, they are a little larger than the original archive.

What (typed as in the prompt) was a small information utility available in the Incompatible Timesharing System. It could provide information about incoming email, bus schedule on the MIT campus, executable source files or answer the user in a humorous manner.

Monolithic operating systems such as Linux and FreeBSD and hybrids like Windows have millions of lines of kernel code. In contrast, MINIX 3 has about 6,000 lines of executable kernel code, which can make problems easier to find in the code.

Xara Xtreme LX is a discontinued 2D vector graphics editor, developed as an open source version of the commercial Xara Xtreme. The abbreviation LX stands for Xara Xtreme on Linux and was retained in some places such as the executable "xaralx".

In DOS terminology, an errorlevel is an integer exit code returned by an executable program or subroutine. Errorlevels typically range from 0 to 255. In DOS there are only 256 error codes available. Exit statuses are often captured by batch programs.

This command is similar to the which command, which, given an executable found in $PATH, would give a full path and name. The C library function `realpath` performs this function. The Microsoft Windows command processors do not support this command.

Each compilation produces an object file corresponding to the source file. Finally, if any source file has been recompiled, all the object files, whether newly made or saved from previous compilations, must be linked together to produce the new executable program.

Once the software has been fully branded with the purchasing company's information it is normally bundled into an installer. Some common types are Windows Installer and executable formats. These can be distributed immediately to end-users without any prerequisite software.

Retrieved 9-27-2007. The fine is paid to the bank using a giro.Oikeusrekisterikeskus. Täytäntöönpano- ja perintäasiat. Retrieved 9-27-2007. A fine ordered in Finland is executable in any European Union member country.Oikeusrekisterikeskus. EU-sakkojen täytäntöönpano. Retrieved 9-27-2007.

Some systems combine the offline and online approaches. Some systems write out executable code (e.g., JSP, ASP, PHP, ColdFusion, or Perl pages) rather than just static HTML. That way, personnel don't have to deploy the WCMS itself on every web server.

The GAS executable is named , the standard name for a Unix assembler. GAS is cross-platform, and both runs on and assembles for a number of different computer architectures. Released under the GNU General Public License v3, GAS is free software.

The name of an assembly consists of four parts # The short name. On Windows this is the name of the Portable Executable (PE) file without the extension. # The culture. This is an RFC 1766 identifier of the locale for the assembly.

Instances: a service is a collection of configurations. An instance is a running execution of a defined service executable. One can have many instances of a defined service, such as multiple webservers listening on different ports referencing different WWW root directories.

It is used to allocate nonpaged memory in kernel mode, manually loading the executable image, and creating a system thread at `Driver Entry`. However, since the Driver Entry parameters are not actually valid, the driver must be modified for DBVM.

The following single line of PureBasic code will create a standalone x86 executable (4.5 KiB (4,608 bytes) on Windows version) that displays a message box with the text "Hello World". MessageRequester("Message Box", "Hello World") And the following variant of the same code, which instead uses an inline Windows API call with no need for declarations or other external references, will create an even smaller 2.0 KiB (2,048 bytes) standalone x86 executable for Windows. MessageBox_(0, "Hello World", "Message Box", 0) The following is a console version of the Hello World example. OpenConsole() ; Open a console window.

The Leap worm is delivered over the iChat instant messaging program as a gzip-compressed tar file called . For the worm to take effect, the user must manually invoke it by opening the tar file and then running the disguised executable within. The executable is disguised with the standard icon of an image file, and claims to show a preview of Apple's next OS. Once it is run, the worm will attempt to infect the system. For non-"admin" users, it will prompt for the computer's administrator password in order to gain the privilege to edit the system configuration.

The HLA Back Engine (HLABE) is a compiler back end that translates an internal intermediate language into low-level Portable Executable (PE), Common Object File Format (COFF), Executable and Linkable Format (ELF), or Mach-O object code. An HLABE program mostly consists of data (byte) emission statements, 32-bit relocatable address statements, x86 control-transfer instructions, and various directives. In addition to translating the byte and relocatable address statements into the low-level object code format, HLABE also handles branch-displacement optimization (picking the shortest possible form of a branch instruction). Although the HLABE is incorporated into the HLA v2.

Cameyo itself is a portable virtual application that does not need to be installed on the computer. It can be deleted once the virtualization is completed as a single file without leaving any traces in the registry. Cameyo essentially reduces all the files, folders, registry items, and binaries of the application that needs to be virtualized into a single executable file that can run without installation as a single file from any storage device on any computer. This single executable file can be carried in a USB device or be uploaded in a cloud storage system.

In computer programming, a runtime library is a set of low-level routines used by a compiler to invoke some of the behaviors of a runtime environment, by inserting calls to the runtime library into compiled executable binary. The runtime environment implements the execution model, built-in functions, and other fundamental behaviors of a programming language. During execution (run time) of that computer program, execution of those calls to the runtime library cause communication between the executable binary and the runtime environment. A runtime library often includes built-in functions for memory management or exception handling.

Free Pascal was created when Borland clarified that Borland Pascal development for DOS would stop with version 7, to be replaced by a Windows-only product, which later became Delphi. Student Florian Paul Klämpfl began developing his own compiler written in the Turbo Pascal dialect and produced 32-bit code for the GO32v1 DOS extender, which was used and developed by the DJ's GNU Programming Platform (DJGPP) project at that time. Originally, the compiler was a 16-bit DOS executable compiled by Turbo Pascal. After two years, the compiler was able to compile itself and became a 32-bit executable.

Because of the removal of real mode support, FAT32 going mainstream and the decreasing popularity of DriveSpace, DriveSpace in Windows ME had only limited support. DriveSpace no longer supported hard disk compression, but still supported reading and writing compressed removable media, although the only DriveSpace operation supported beside that was deleting and reallocating compressed drives. It is possible to restore full function of DriveSpace 3 (unofficially) in Windows ME, copying the executable file from a Windows 98 installation and using it to replace the executable included with Windows ME. After that, one could compress new drives as they could do on Windows 98.

This was reduced in later versions, but the first few BETA releases and release candidates had many oddities where Zeta would fall back to German, no matter what locale was set. Version 1.0 of Zeta included a badly thought out activation component, which requires a code to be entered and authenticated via a remote server before the nag screen will stop and full functionality is restored. The nag is fairly easily circumvented by replacing the executable called with a stub executable, but the activation was incredibly poorly executed and often failed. The activation was removed by the 1.21 release.

Unspecified behavior is behavior that may vary on different implementations of a programming language. A program can be said to contain unspecified behavior when its source code may produce an executable that exhibits different behavior when compiled on a different compiler, or on the same compiler with different settings, or indeed in different parts of the same executable. While the respective language standards or specifications may impose a range of possible behaviors, the exact behavior depends on the implementation and may not be completely determined upon examination of the program's source code.ISO/IEC (2009-05-29).

JIT compilation fundamentally uses executable data, and thus poses security challenges and possible exploits. Implementation of JIT compilation consists of compiling source code or byte code to machine code and executing it. This is generally done directly in memory – the JIT compiler outputs the machine code directly into memory and immediately executes it, rather than outputting it to disk and then invoking the code as a separate program, as in usual ahead of time compilation. In modern architectures this runs into a problem due to executable space protection – arbitrary memory cannot be executed, as otherwise there is a potential security hole.

The usual way to tell an import library from a proper static library is by size: the import library is much smaller as it only contains symbols referring to the actual DLL, to be processed at link-time. Both nevertheless are Unix ar format files. Linking to dynamic libraries is usually handled by linking to an import library when building or linking to create an executable file. The created executable then contains an import address table (IAT) by which all DLL function calls are referenced (each referenced DLL function contains its own entry in the IAT).

GP2X executable files have one of two 3 letters file extensions. For games, the extension is used. These are listed in the Games section of the menu. Utilities have the extension , and appear in the Utilities section of the menu; in firmware 3.0.

The executable form was not entirely machine language; rather, floating-point arithmetic, sub-scripting, input/output, and function references were interpreted, preceding UCSD Pascal P-code by two decades. IBM later provided a FORTRAN IV compiler for the 1400 series of computers.

Epic developers removed all Google tracking code and binaries from the chromium source code to compile a clean executable, and blocks other companies from tracking users. The browser has no connection with the Electronic Privacy Information Center (EPIC), a civil liberties group.

Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Communication Software and Networks. Singapore. 26–28 February 2010. New Jersey: IEEE. pp. 382-386. As a result, queries return principally corrupted copies such as a blank file or executable files infected with a virus.

A specification language is a formal language in computer science used during systems analysis, requirements analysis, and systems design to describe a system at a much higher level than a programming language, which is used to produce the executable code for a system.

Timing attacks are often overlooked in the design phase because they are so dependent on the implementation and can be introduced inadvertently with compiler optimizations. Avoidance of timing attacks involves design of constant-time functions and careful testing of the final executable code.

This third version was written originally for the 6502 assembler and was commercially published by Hayden Software in 1983. Apple contacted the Spracklens and, after a port for 68000 assembly, Sargon III was the first third-party executable software for the Macintosh.

Whether they are seen as an executable function or as a data structure depends on compiler type inference and what type of variable or parameter they are assigned or cast to. Lambdas and expression trees play key roles in Language Integrated Query (LINQ).

After decompressing, two files are created: an ELF binary file called and a source script file called . The latter gets compiled into the ELF binary . The executable will scan for vulnerable hosts and use the compiled program to exploit a known OpenSSL vulnerability.

The NSIS compiler program makensis compiles scripts like the following example into executable installation programs. Each line in the script contains a single command. # Example script Name "Example1" OutFile "jubaowu.exe" InstallDir "$PROGRAMFILES\Example1" Page Directory Page InstFiles Section SetOutPath $INSTDIR File ..\makensis.

CP/M-86 was a version of the CP/M operating system that Digital Research (DR) made for the Intel 8086 and Intel 8088. The system commands are the same as in CP/M-80. Executable files used the relocatable .CMD file format.

The build fails because only one version of D can exist in the final executable : Package managers like yum, are prone to have conflicts between packages of their repositories, causing dependency hell in Linux distributions such as CentOS and Red Hat Enterprise Linux.

There were two products created by Lombardi: Lombardi Teamworks – Lombardi's primary product – a business process management suite (BPMS). This tool is designed to create, optimize, and manage executable workflow diagrams. Lombardi Blueprint – This tool is described as a process documentation and discovery tool.

The behavior of main entities in a system is given in a single program. Choreographies enhance the quality of software, as they behave like executable blueprints of how communicating systems should behave and offer a concise view of the message flows enacted by a system.

An attempt to access unauthorized memory results in a hardware fault, e.g., a segmentation fault, storage violation exception, generally causing abnormal termination of the offending process. Memory protection for computer security includes additional techniques such as address space layout randomization and executable space protection.

The compiler can be operated from, and generate executable code for, the DOS, OS/2, Windows, Linux operating systems. It also supports NLM targets for Novell NetWare. There is ongoing work to extend the targeting to LinuxInstalling Open Watcom on Linux - Open Watcom. OpenWatcom.org wiki.

Using GNAT, the programmer is not required to write a function named `main`; a source file containing a single subprogram can be compiled to an executable. The binder will however create a package `ada_main`, which will contain and export a C-style main function.

If a program does not make use of any unsafe elements, it can be compiled and executed by anyone. If any unsafe elements are used, the compiler marks the code as non-executable. It can still be executed if blessed by a security administrator.

When unzipped, they reveal executable files along with common audio and image files, leading to the possibility of third party games. Apple has not publicly released a software development kit (SDK) for iPod-specific development."What's Inside an iPod Game?" bensinclair.com, September 14, 2006.

If a command is found but is not executable, the return status should be 126. Note that this is not the case for all shells. If a command fails because of an error during expansion or redirection, the exit status is greater than zero.

In addition to stealing personal information, the malware could also enable a remote user to control the PC and make it part of a botnet, a network of infected PCs. The initial executable file (Minhasfotos.exe) created two additional files when activated, winlogon_.jpg and wzip32.

IgniteFusion is a freeware CFML script engine that runs cfm script files. Similar to Perl or PHP script engines the IgniteFusion script engine runs as an executable on the server. Other CFML engines include Adobe ColdFusion, New Atlanta BlueDragon, Railo, Lucee, and Coral Web Builder.

Fig. 1 Memory segments in a program. Blue segments are code, green are data. The major feature of PaX is the executable space protection it offers. These protections take advantage of the NX bit on certain processors to prevent the execution of arbitrary code.

In 2019, security researchers demonstrated side- channel attacks against the page cache: it's possible to bypass privilege separation and exfiltrate data about other processes by systematically monitoring whether some file pages (for example executable or library files) are present in the cache or not.

Starting an XBAP from an HTML page is seamless (with no security or installation prompt). Although one perceives the application running in the browser, it actually runs in an out-of-process executable (PresentationHost.exe) managed by a virtual machine. In the initial release of .

In version 0.9 users were able to fill in forms.README file in the packed source code and in the packed executable of Agora 0.8. This version was never developed. The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) servers were shut down because of the heavy load.

Dungeon Keeper 2 was released in June 1999. It used a new game engine that natively supported hardware acceleration. Its predecessor supported Direct3D but only with an alternative executable. The sequel also used full-3D models for the creatures and enemies, rather than sprites.

This will not allow one to detect that an executable requires elevation if one is already executing in an elevated process, however. A new process with elevated privileges can be spawned from within a .NET application using the "`runas`" verb. An example using C#: System.Diagnostics.

The code segment, also known as a text segment or simply as text, is where a portion of an object file or the corresponding section of the program's address space that contains executable instructions is stored and is generally read-only and fixed size.

More than one assembler for Unix and Unix-like operating systems has been implemented with an executable called as. Users may be able to determine which implementation (if any) is present on their system by consulting the system's manuals, or by running `as --version`.

During the installation of computer programs, it is sometimes necessary to update the installer or package manager itself. The common pattern for this is to use a small executable bootstrapper file (e.g., setup.exe) which updates the installer and starts the real installation after the update.

Most software that runs on Linux can run on FreeBSD using an optional built-in compatibility layer. Hence, most Linux binaries can be run on FreeBSD, including some proprietary applications distributed only in binary form. This compatibility layer is not an emulation; Linux's system call interface is implemented in the FreeBSD's kernel and hence, Linux executable images and shared libraries are treated the same as FreeBSD's native executable images and shared libraries. Additionally, FreeBSD provides compatibility layers for several other Unix- like operating systems, in addition to Linux, such as BSD/OS and SVR4, however, it is more common for users to compile those programs directly on FreeBSD.

In most of today's popular programming languages and operating systems, a computer program usually only has a single entry point. In C, C++, D, Rust and Kotlin programs this is a function named `main`; in Java it is a static method named `main` (although the class must be specified at the invocation time), and in C# it is a static method named `Main`. In many major operating systems, the standard executable format has a single entry point. In the Executable and Linkable Format (ELF), used in Unix and Unix-like systems such as Linux, the entry point is specified in the `e_entry` field of the ELF header.

MINIX 3 uses fixed-length messages for internal communication, which eliminates certain buffer overflows and buffer management problems. Also, many exploits work by overrunning a buffer to trick the program into returning from a function call using an overwritten stack return address pointing into attacker controlled memory, usually the overrun buffer. In MINIX 3, this attack is mitigated because instruction and data space are split and only code in (read-only) instruction space can be executed, termed executable space protection. However, attacks which rely on running legitimately executable memory in a malicious way (return-to-libc, return-oriented programming) are not prevented by this mitigation.

A key goal of VRDM is to enable the definition of executable models. This means that the modeling constructs need to be capable of fully specifying the runtime structure of an application. One way VRDM achieves this is by introducing the notion of a Vector, which allows the participants in object relationships to be determined dynamically, as the model executes. This and the other core object-based constructs that make up the VRDM modeling language are combined through configuration, and not coding, to make possible software applications that are executable models and that are interpreted dynamically, just-in-time, just-in-context, and just-in-state.

In order to indicate this, the first byte in the header is set to , which works both as a signature identifying this type of COM file to the CP/M 3.0 executable loader, as well as a "RET" instruction for 8080-compatible processors which leads to a graceful exit if the file is executed under older versions of CP/M-80. is never appropriate as the first byte of a program for any x86 processor (it has different meanings for different generations, but is never a meaningful first byte); the executable loader in some versions of DOS rejects COM files that start with , avoiding incorrect operation.

Inspection is a verification method that is used to compare how true the conceptual model matches the executable model. Teams of experts, developers, and testers will thoroughly scan the content (algorithms, programming code, documents, equations) in the original conceptual model, and compare with the appropriate counterpart to verify how closely the executable model matches. One of the main purposes of this method of verification is to see what original goals have been overlooked. By doing an inspection check on the model, the team can not only see what issues might have been overlooked, but also catch any potential flaws that can become an issue later in the project.

Typical computer programs have a separate binary (executable) file for each application. BusyBox is a single binary, which is a conglomerate of many applications, each of which can be accessed by calling the single BusyBox binary with various names (supported by having a symbolic link or hard link for each different name) in a specific manner with appropriate arguments. BusyBox benefits from the single binary approach, as it reduces the overhead introduced by the executable file format (typically ELF), and it allows code to be shared between multiple applications without requiring a library. This technique is similar to what is provided by the crunchgencrunchgen man page at freebsd.

Programs included in BusyBox can be run simply by adding their name as an argument to the BusyBox executable: :`/bin/busybox ls` More commonly, the desired command names are linked (using hard or symbolic links) to the BusyBox executable; BusyBox reads argv[0] to find the name by which it is called, and runs the appropriate command, for example just :`/bin/ls` after /bin/ls is linked to /bin/busybox. This works because the first argument passed to a program is the name used for the program call, in this case the argument would be "/bin/ls". Busybox would see that its "name" is "ls" and act like the "ls" program.

When linking a shared library or dynamic linked executable, the linker normally populates the symbol table for that library with all required symbols. It adds symbols in the current object with their offset, and leaves undefined symbols in the object unresolved. Unresolved symbols must still be known at link time, but the linker is passed shared libraries to link with and, when it finds a symbol in another library, it places a note in the output library indicating that it depends on these other shared libraries. This kind of weak linking forces the dynamic linker to resolve which library contains which symbol when the executable is run.

Chocolate Doom is a source port for Windows, Linux, macOS, AmigaOS 4, MorphOS, and other modern operating systems that is designed to behave as closely as possible to the original DOS executable ("Vanilla Doom"), going as far as to duplicate bugs found in the DOS executable, even bugs that make the game crash. This involves more than just leaving the bugs in the source code. Several bugs present in the DOS version (for example, the sky bug in Doom II) were fixed in the released Doom source code, so these bugs were re-created for Chocolate Doom. The first version of Chocolate Doom was released on September 7, 2005.

Because of the security implications of self-modifying code, all of the major operating systems are careful to remove such vulnerabilities as they become known. The concern is typically not that programs will intentionally modify themselves, but that they could be maliciously changed by an exploit. As consequence of the troubles that can be caused by these exploits, an OS feature called W^X (for "write xor execute") has been developed that prohibits a program from making any page of memory both writable and executable. Some systems prevent a writable page from ever being changed to be executable, even if write permission is removed.

Photo slideshow software is computer software used to display a range of digital photos, images and video clips in a predefined order. In most cases the output file is a standard video file or an executable file which contains all the sound and images for display.

Process Customization is achieved through JBPM (Java Business Process Management), which is an open source, flexible and extensible executable work-flow framework. It takes graphical process descriptions as input. A process is composed of tasks that are connected with sequence flows. Processes represent an execution flow.

In general, the C++ standard allows a compiler to perform any optimization, provided the resulting executable exhibits the same observable behaviour as if (i.e. pretending) all the requirements of the standard have been fulfilled. This is commonly referred to as the "as-if rule".ISO/IEC (2003).

Dynamic statements specify processing operations and result in executable code generation by the compiler. A dynamic statement consists of an operator followed by a list of operands and additional operators. An operand may be a single name, a constant, a data-element reference or an expression.

Assertions are executable predicates which are placed in a program that allow runtime checks of the program. Design by contract is a development approach in which preconditions and postconditions are included for each routine. Defensive programming is the protection a routine from being broken by invalid inputs.

Change management programs are typically involved to put the improved business processes into practice. With advances in technology from large platform vendors, the vision of business process modelling models becoming fully executable (and capable of simulations and round-trip engineering) is coming closer to reality every day.

Ninite works on Windows 7 and later. It presents the user with a list of programs and generates a custom installer executable based on the user's selection. When run, the installer downloads and installs the selected programs. Ninite's installer always downloads the latest version of the program.

Fedora uses Security-Enhanced Linux by default, which implements a variety of security policies, including mandatory access controls, which Fedora adopted early on. Fedora provides a hardening wrapper, and does hardening for all of its packages by using compiler features such as position-independent executable (PIE).

Construction is the largest phase of the project. In this phase, the remainder of the system is built on the foundation laid in Elaboration. System features are implemented in a series of short, time-boxed iterations. Each iteration results in an executable release of the software.

The concept of Program Information Files was also used under Digital Research operating systems such as Concurrent DOS, Multiuser DOS, Datapac System Manager and REAL/32; however, using the PIFED command, the necessary program information got directly embedded into the .EXE or .COM executable file.Digital Research.

Sometimes Navigator can be also a Java program itself but that is not a requirement. The MHP is just a part of a family of specifications, which all base on the Globally Executable MHP (GEM)-Standard, which was defined to allow the worldwide adoption of MHP.

C1 could transmit block sizes up to 255 bytes with a recommended (but not enforced) minimum of 40 bytes and an overhead of 7 bytes per block. It is optimized for transferring files stored by 8-bit Commodore computers, whose DOS treats executable and sequential files identically.

The Sterling2 ZIP file (436 kb) contains brief instructions. There is no installation -- it is enough to put the executable and dynamic-link library files in the same directory and start the exe file. In 2018, the original code for sterling was released under the GPLv3.

On some platforms, SCM supports unexec (developed for Emacs and bash), which dumps an executable image from a running SCM. This results in a fast startup for SCM. SCM developed from Scheme In One Defun (SIOD) in about 1990. GNU Guile developed from SCM in 1993.

On an IBM PC compatible machine, the BIOS selects a boot device, then copies the first sector from the device (which may be a MBR, VBR or any executable code), into physical memory at memory address 0x7C00. On other systems, the process may be quite different.

For example, if UAC detects that the application is a setup program, from clues such as the filename, versioning fields, or the presence of certain sequences of bytes within the executable, in the absence of a manifest it will assume that the application needs administrator privileges.

Version 2.0 of the software is slated to include a rewrite of the mail database back end.MemeCode - Post Either product is sometimes referred to as just 'Scribe'. Scribe uses the HTML layout engine from LgiLgi that is virus safe. Executable attachments are detected and optionally deleted.

In the CIL standard, metadata is defined in ILAsm (assembly language) form, an on-disk representation form for storage, and a form that is embedded into assemblies of the Portable Executable (PE, .exe or .dll) format. The PE form is based on the on-disk form.

Applications available in LiberKey are packaged in a format referred to as ".lks" files, which are basically 7zip files packaging the application. Each application usually has a complete separation from the data storage and the application executable directories to allow easy backup or synchronization of data.

Several applications share a large part of Sysquake code: ; Sysquake Application Builder : program which creates stand-alone executable applications (bundled with Sysquake Pro) ; Sysquake for LaTeX : Sysquake's language and graphics directly in LaTeX (package file and compiled application) Libraries are usually compatible with all these applications.

A cracked version of Max Payne 2 using a no-CD executable by Myth was made available on the digital distribution service Steam until May 13th, 2010 where it was rolled back to an older update. However, the ASCII Myth logo is still present in the file called testapp.exe.

The MONAHRQ name and logo are registered trademarks. As a product of the U.S. Federal government, the MONAHRQ software itself has no licensing requirements. The executable is available as a free download from AHRQ at monahrq.ahrq.gov. MONAHRQ can be run using only free software: AHRQ-produced software, the Microsoft .

NASM can output several binary formats, including COFF, OMF, a.out, Executable and Linkable Format (ELF), Mach-O and binary file (.bin, binary disk image, used to compile operating systems), though position- independent code is supported only for ELF object files. NASM also has its own binary format called RDOFF.

File names were specified as a string of up to eight characters, followed by a period, followed by a file name extension of up to three characters ("8.3" filename format). The extension usually identified the type of the file. For example, `.COM` indicated an executable program file, and `.

It also can save executables in various formats: 68k Amiga, WarpUP, AmigaOS 4 and MorphOS executables and Intel X86 code for AROS. Recent versions of Hollywood allow for creating executable programs for Intel Windows machines, Mac OS X for PPC processors and Mac OS X for Intel processors.

A manifest file is a metadata file contained within a JAR. It defines extension and package-related data. It contains name-value pairs organized in sections. If a JAR file is intended to be used as an executable file, the manifest file specifies the main class of the application.

On the Ninite webpage, the user chooses software of own preference by activating checkboxes and continues with downloading the executable installer, which is preconfigured to the users custom selection. By executing the installer, the previously chosen software is unattended (without any requested user interaction) installed on the computer.

PALM has a 16-bit data bus, with two additional bits used for parity. PALM can directly address 64KB (64KiB) of memory. The IBM 5100 could be configured with up to 64+KB (APL + BASIC ROMs make 64+KB) of Executable ROS (ROM) and up to 64KB of RAM.

The Web Services Business Process Execution Language (WS-BPEL), commonly known as BPEL (Business Process Execution Language), is an OASISOASIS Standard WS- BPEL 2.0 standard executable language for specifying actions within business processes with web services. Processes in BPEL export and import information by using web service interfaces exclusively.

An early example of pretty-printing was Bill Gosper's "GRINDEF" (i.e. 'grind function') program (c. 1967), which used combinatorial search with pruning to format LISP programs. Early versions operated on the executable (list structure) form of the Lisp program and were oblivious to the special meanings of various functions.

7-Zip can open some MSI files, allowing access to the meta-files within along with the main contents. Some Microsoft CAB (LZX compression) and NSIS (LZMA) installer formats can be opened. Similarly, some Microsoft executable programs (.EXEs) that are self-extracting archives or otherwise contain archived content (e.g.

Graphical Plots of the simulation can be generated. There is also support for generating executable code from State Machines for both simulation, as well for use in applications. BPMN models (using BPSim), can be simulated creating tabulated results for analysis. BPSim also supports Monte Carlo probability-based simulations.

The function step adds to this simulation the further executable operations and processes needed to produce output of the system. System timing step provides synchronisation among processes, introduces constraints. This stage is the combination of the former ‘Initial model’ step, the ‘function’ step and the ‘system timing’ step.

For online distribution, the Director can publish projects for embedding in websites using the Shockwave plugin. Shockwave files have a .dcr file extension. Other publishing options include a stand-alone executable file called projectors, supported on Macintosh and Windows operating systems, and with Director 12, output for iOS.

Summer 1984: Initial version 4 released for MS-DOS. (Other platforms were released in 1985, including VMS and TSX-Plus.) The language was rewritten in C and included support for virtual memory, multi-dimensional arrays, and the ability to bind two or more programs together into one executable.

TLS sections are managed using memory paging and its size is quantized to a page size (4kB on x86 machines). Such sections may only be defined inside a main executable of a program - DLLs should not contain such sections, because they are not correctly initialized when loading with LoadLibrary.

Multi-use participants are organizations that require use of the code but do not need or desire all the benefits of a full member. Participants receive the RELAP5-3D software in executable form only. Multiple copy use is allowed. Participants receive up to 20 hours of staff assistance.

The executable programs CMake, CPack, and CTest are written in the C++ programming language. Much of CMake's functionality is implemented in modules that are written in the CMake language. Since release 3.0, CMake's documentation uses reStructuredText markup. HTML pages and man pages are generated by the Sphinx documentation generator.

Mark "Zibo" Joseph Zbikowski (born March 21, 1956) is a former Microsoft Architect and an early computer hacker. He started working at the company only a few years after its inception, leading efforts in MS-DOS, OS/2, Cairo and Windows NT. In 2006 he was honored for 25 years of service with the company, the third employee to reach this milestone, after Bill Gates and Steve Ballmer. He was the designer of the MS-DOS executable file format, and the headers of that file format start with his initials: the ASCII characters 'MZ' (0x4D, 0x5A).Inside Windows: An In-Depth Look into the Win32 Portable Executable File Format – MSDN Magazine, February 2002.

The Arduino IDE supplies a software library from the Wiring project, which provides many common input and output procedures. User-written code only requires two basic functions, for starting the sketch and the main program loop, that are compiled and linked with a program stub main() into an executable cyclic executive program with the GNU toolchain, also included with the IDE distribution. The Arduino IDE employs the program avrdude to convert the executable code into a text file in hexadecimal encoding that is loaded into the Arduino board by a loader program in the board's firmware. By default, avrdude is used as the uploading tool to flash the user code onto official Arduino boards.

A typical parser generator associates executable code with each of the rules of the grammar that should be executed when these rules are applied by the parser. These pieces of code are sometimes referred to as semantic action routines since they define the semantics of the syntactic structure that is analyzed by the parser. Depending upon the type of parser that should be generated, these routines may construct a parse tree (or abstract syntax tree), or generate executable code directly. One of the earliest (1964), surprisingly powerful, versions of compiler-compilers is META II, which accepted an analytical grammar with output facilities that produce stack machine code, and is able to compile its own source code and other languages.

The operating system requires all executable programs to be stored in libraries because the member's directory entry contains additional attribute information specific to load modules. When used for storing load modules, directories also contain, among other data, the size of the load module and the address of the first "text record", which is different from the address of the first member data. Executable programs are written to libraries by the linkage editor and loaded into user-acquired storage by the Loader (an application program) or into system-acquired storage by Program Fetch (a component of the OS supervisor). The Linkage Editor organizes a load module in a specialized format consisting of alternating "text records" and "control/relocation dictionary records".

DOS/4GW 1.95 was a free limited edition of DOS/4G and was included with the Watcom C compiler with a commercial re-distribution license. It was made widely popular by computer games like Doom. Initial versions of DOS/4G had trouble with secondary DMA channels on the ISA bus, which prevented 16-bit devices like Gravis Ultrasound series from normally functioning; Gravis even had to develop PREPGAME, a patch utility which updated the game executable with a new version 1.97 to fix the incompatibility. In case of problems, DOS/4G or DOS/4GW can be replaced with the newer and free DOS/32; a patch utility can even replace DOS/4G code embedded inside a compiled executable file.

Dynamic linking or late binding is linking performed while a program is being loaded (load time) or executed (runtime), rather than when the executable file is created. A dynamically linked library (dynamic-link library, or DLL, under Windows and OS/2; dynamic shared object, or DSO, under Unix-like systems) is a library intended for dynamic linking. Only a minimal amount of work is done by the linker when the executable file is created; it only records what library routines the program needs and the index names or numbers of the routines in the library. The majority of the work of linking is done at the time the application is loaded (load time) or during execution (runtime).

He called them Software ICs and set out to create an infrastructure and market for these components by inventing the Objective-C programming language. (He summarizes this view in his book Object- Oriented Programming - An Evolutionary Approach 1986.) The software components are used in two different contexts and two kinds: i) using components as parts to build a single executable, or ii) each executable is treated as a component in a distributed environment, where components collaborate with each other using internet or intranet communication protocols for IPC (Inter Process Communications). The above belongs to former kind, while the below belongs to later kind. IBM led the path with their System Object Model (SOM) in the early 1990s.

Hard coding (also hard-coding or hardcoding) is the software development practice of embedding data directly into the source code of a program or other executable object, as opposed to obtaining the data from external sources or generating it at runtime. Hard-coded data typically can only be modified by editing the source code and recompiling the executable, although it can be changed in memory or on disk using a debugger or hex editor. Data that are hard-coded usually represent unchanging pieces of information, such as physical constants, version numbers and static text elements. Softcoded data, on the other hand, encode arbitrary information like user input, HTTP server responses, or configuration files, and are determined at runtime.

GEOS is the C/C++ port of a subset of JTS and selected functions. It is a foundation component in a software ecosystem of native, compiled executable binaries on Linux, Mac and Windows platforms. Due to the runtime construction of Java and the Java Virtual Machine (JVM), code libraries that are written in Java are basically not usable as libraries from a standardized cross-linking environment (often built from C). Linux, Microsoft Windows and the BSD family, including Mac OSX, use a linking structure that enables libraries from various languages to be integrated (linked) into a native runtime executable. Java, by design, does not participate in this interoperability without unusual measures (JNI).

In computing, the System Object Model (SOM) is a proprietary executable file format developed by Hewlett-Packard for its HP-UX and MPE/ix operating systems. In particular, SOM is the native format used for 32-bit application executables, object code, and shared libraries running under the PA-RISC family of processors. With the introduction of 64-bit processors, Hewlett Packard adopted the Executable and Linkable Format (ELF) format to represent the wider 64-bit program code, while still using SOM for applications running in 32-bit mode. Later, with the introduction of the Itanium processor family, HP-UX has abandoned the SOM format in favor of ELF for both 32-bit and 64-bit application code.

There are many different object file formats; originally each type of computer had its own unique format, but with the advent of Unix and other portable operating systems, some formats, such as COFF and ELF, have been defined and used on different kinds of systems. It is possible for the same file format to be used both as linker input and output, and thus as the library and executable file format. Some formats can contain machine code for different processors, with the correct one chosen by the operating system when the program is loaded. Some systems make a distinction between files which are directly executable and files which require processing by the linker.

When a 16-bit or 32-bit Windows executable is run by Windows, execution starts at either the NE or the PE, and ignores the MZ code known as DOS stub. Started in DOS the stub typically displays a message "This program cannot be run in DOS mode" (or similar) before exiting cleanly, this thereby constituting a minimal form of fat binary. A few dual-mode programs (MZ-NE or MZ-PE) such as regedit and older WinZIP self extractors include a more functional DOS section. ;32-bit Portable Executable: Introduced with Windows NT, these can be identified by the "PE" in ASCII (although not at the beginning; these files also begin with "MZ").

NEWP programs that contain unsafe constructs are initially non-executable. The security administrator of a system is able to "bless" such programs and make them executable, but normal users are not able to do this. (Even "privileged users", who normally have essentially root privilege, may be unable to do this depending on the configuration chosen by the site.) While NEWP can be used to write general programs and has a number of features designed for large software projects, it does not support everything ALGOL does. NEWP has a number of facilities to enable large-scale software projects, such as the operating system, including named interfaces (functions and data), groups of interfaces, modules, and super-modules.

While Multiboot defines a header as a struct, which needs to be present in the image file as a whole, in Multiboot2, fields or group of fields have a type tag, which allows them to be omitted from the Multiboot2 header. Within the OS image file, the header must be in the first 8192 (2¹³) bytes for Multiboot and 32768 (2¹⁵) bytes for Multiboot2. The loader searches for a magic number to find the header, which is 0x1BADB002 for Multiboot and 0xE85250D6 for Multiboot2. In the header, `entry_addr` points to the code where control is handed over to the OS. This allows different executable file formats (see Comparison of executable file formats).

This systematic behavior implements the execution model of the language, as opposed to implementing semantics of the particular program text which is directly translated into code that computes results. One way to observe this separation between the semantics of a particular program and the runtime environment is to compile a program into an object file containing all the functions versus compiling an entire program to an executable binary. The object file will only contain assembly code relevant to those functions, while the executable binary will contain additional code used to implement the runtime environment. The object file, on one hand, may be missing information from the runtime environment that will be resolved by linking.

In Windows API, the DLL files are organized into sections. Each section has its own set of attributes, such as being writable or read-only, executable (for code) or non-executable (for data), and so on. The code in a DLL is usually shared among all the processes that use the DLL; that is, they occupy a single place in physical memory, and do not take up space in the page file. Windows does not use position-independent code for its DLLs; instead the code undergoes relocation as it is loaded, fixing addresses for all its entry points at locations which are free in the memory space of the first process to load the DLL.

The mapping does not necessarily need to be a one-to- one mapping. Some data elements may map to several data elements in the destination. Some semantic mappers are static in that they will do a one-time data transforms. Others will generate an executable program to repeatedly perform this transform.

Many imperative languages (e.g. C) make a distinction between statements and definitions, with a statement only containing executable code and a definition instantiating an identifier, while an expression evaluates to a value only. A distinction can also be made between simple and compound statements; the latter may contain statements as components.

The first Stick Soldiers game proved to be a major hit at Gamedev.net, where its production was enthusiastically observed. It used modifiable bitmap images and supported deathmatch with a primitive one-way CTF mode, later receiving (as a separate download) a red-vs.-blue Team version as another executable file.

B1 Pack Project is released under the Apache License."The Apache Software License, v2.0" Retrieved 14 January 2014. The B1 Pack Tool module builds a single executable JAR file which can create, list, and extract B1 archive files from a command-line interface."B1 Pack CLI" Retrieved 13 January 2014.

Multiple conditions can be coded for in similar manner to encapsulate the entire program logic in the form of an "executable" decision table or control table. There may be several such tables in practice, operating at different levels and often linked to each other (either by pointers or an index value).

Interval temporal logic (ITL) is a specific form of temporal logic, originally developed by Ben Moszkowski for his thesis at Stanford University. It is useful in the formal description of hardware and software for computer-based systems. Tools are available to aid in this process. Tempura provides an executable ITL framework.

Using this USB modem, customers are able to access 3G broadband services, from many types of computer. The software self installs from the modem, reducing the need for technical expertise from users. Vodafone's Mobile Connect Lite software self-installs through a Windows's auto-start feature. It uses the executable : VodafoneUSBPP.

EXE`) tool. `IEXPRESS.EXE` is located in the `SYSTEM32` folder of both 32 and 64-bit installations of Windows. The front end interface (IExpress Wizard) can be started by manually navigating to the respective directory and opening the executable (IExpress.exe), or by typing IExpress into the Run window of the Start Menu.

The format is still executable on many modern Windows NT-based platforms, but it is run in an MS-DOS-emulating subsystem, NTVDM, which is not present in 64-bit variants. COM files can be executed also on DOS emulators such as DOSBox, on any platform supported by these emulators.

Again, these .com files may in fact contain a .exe format executable. On Windows NT and derivatives (Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Vista, and Windows 7), the variable is used to override the order of preference (and acceptable extensions) for calling files without specifying the extension from the command line.

The simplest implementation of a function (or subroutine) pointer is as a variable containing the address of the function within executable memory. Older third-generation languages such as PL/I and COBOL, as well as more modern languages such as Pascal and C generally implement function pointers in this manner.

The Quantitative TEM/STEM (QSTEM) simulations software package was written by Professor Christopher Koch of Humboldt University of Berlin in Germany. Allows simulation of HAADF, ADF, ABF-STEM, as well as conventional TEM and CBED. The executable and source code are available as a free download on the Koch group website.

Autopackage packages are indicated by the .package extension. They are executable bash scripts, and can be installed by running them. Files in an Autopackage archive are not easily extracted by anything other than Autopackage itself as the internal format must be parsed in order to determine file layout and other issues.

Two command-line versions are provided: 7z.exe, using external libraries; and a standalone executable 7za.exe, containing built-in modules, but with compression/decompression support limited to 7z, ZIP, gzip, bzip2, Z and tar formats. A 64-bit version is available, with support for large memory maps, leading to faster compression.

Fifteen proposals were received, based on a variety of technical approaches, including obscured source code, compiler intermediate languages, and annotated executable code. The technology of ANDF, chosen after an evaluation of competing approaches and implementations, was Ten15 Distribution Format, later renamed TenDRA Distribution Format, developed by the UK Defence Research Agency.

0 version of the specification MHP. Later, DVB presented the specification Globally Executable MHP (GEM) to facilitate the use of MHP's elements in other specifications. OCAP's recent versions use GEM instead of MHP as base, but they refer to some MHP's elements that are not included in the especificaión GEM.

It was slightly wider, and the keys are slightly larger than the previous model. The display had more contrast, and the keyboard cover is a (removable) hinged lid (clamshell) instead of plastic slipcase. There were also four additional BASIC commands. Programs written on PC-E500 were executable on the PC-E500S.

It's usually installed along with Vim, but it exists as a separate executable and can be run with a shell command. There is also the Vim Users' Manual that details Vim's features and a FAQ. This manual can be read from within Vim, or found online.Vim help files at vimhelp.

An executable that is marked as "`requireAdministrator`" in its manifest cannot be started from a non-elevated process using `CreateProcess()`. Instead, `ERROR_ELEVATION_REQUIRED` will be returned. `ShellExecute()` or `ShellExecuteEx()` must be used instead. If an `HWND` is not supplied, then the dialog will show up as a blinking item in the taskbar.

For example, Applesoft was an interpreted language, and so it ran somewhat slowly (even for a 1MHZ processor). SiMPLE, on the other hand, compiles into an executable (.EXE) file. So it not only produces programs that run faster, but those programs can even run on computers that don't have SiMPLE installed.

The decentralization of the use of EXAPT systems expands the range of application considerably. In the following year EXAPT-DNC is executable under Windows on customary PC. Special hardware is not needed and so it can be used in compound with the database-supported EXAPT production data management system (FDO).

1993: The first public release of Amiga E. 1997: The last version of Amiga E is released (3.3a). 1999: Unlimited compiler executable of Amiga E is released. 1999: Source code of the Amiga E compiler in M68K assembler is released under the GPL. 1999: First version of CreativE is released.

It is a plain text file. By default, the directory is created in the location where program is run, and it is named after executable and suffixed by .profile. The directory is also known as the profile bucket. The location of profile bucket can be overridden by setting SUN_PROFDATA_DIR or SUN_PROFDATA environment variables.

Michael Van De Vanter assumed development of the Inspector in 2007, adding dynamic support as the VM became executable and continued to evolve throughout the acquisition of Sun by Oracle Corporation. Oracle continued development of Maxine until the release of Maxine 2.0. The University of Manchester is developing Maxine as of release 2.1.

Programs could be launched by double-clicking on them. Files could be filtered for executable type, or by a user-selected wildcard, and the display mode could be toggled between full and compact descriptions. The file date column was not Y2K compliant. Windows 2.0 made no significant change to MS-DOS Executive.

At least one implementation of nested functions cause a loss of No-execute stacks (NX stack). GCC's nested function implementation calls nested functions through a jump instruction put in the machine stack at runtime. This requires the stack to be executable. No execute stacks and nested functions are mutually exclusive under GCC.

Ash (mainly the fork) is also fairly popular in embedded Linux systems. version 0.3.8-5 was incorporated into BusyBox, the catch-all executable often employed in this area, and is used in distributions like DSLinux, Alpine Linux, Tiny Core Linux and Linux-based router firmware such as OpenWrt, Tomato and DD-WRT.

KIVA-EXEC is a free, reduced- functionality executable-only trial version of KIVA-4. KIVA-EXEC has all the performance of Los Alamos National Laboratory’s premier KIVA-4 code, but with a 45K cell limitation. KIVA-EXEC is perfect for beginners who do not need or intend to modify the source code.

Improvements to a compiler may lead to a large number of improved features in executable programs. The Production Quality Compiler-Compiler, in the late 1970s, introduced the principles of compiler organization that are still widely used today (e.g., a front-end handling syntax and semantics and a back- end generating machine code).

DWARF is a widely used, standardized debugging data format. DWARF was originally designed along with Executable and Linkable Format (ELF), although it is independent of object file formats. The name is a medieval fantasy complement to "ELF" that has no official meaning, although the backronym 'Debugging With Attributed Record Formats' was later proposed.

The Subversion client reserves the 'svn:' prefix for built-in properties, but other names can be used to define custom properties. ; : Makes a file on Unix-hosted working copies executable, when supported by the filesystem. ; : Stores the Internet media type ("MIME type") of a file. Affects the handling of diffs and merging.

LZX enables a declarative, text-based development process that supports rapid prototyping and software development best practices. It is designed to be familiar to traditional web application developers who are familiar with HTML and JavaScript. OpenLaszlo Server is a Java servlet that compiles LZX applications into executable binaries for targeted run-time environments.

The resulting game can be exported as a standalone Windows executable. The 3D Gamemaker has a built in placement editor that allows the user to indicate where enemies, items, and obstacles go. This is not available in beginner mode or the lite edition. There is also, among other things, a simple level creator.

Target platforms include Mac OS X, Windows, Linux, iPhone, iPad, Windows Mobile based Smartphones, GP2X and Handhelds. It is possible to make builds, or export game data only, so that designers can store the game or its parts in non-executable files. The editor itself runs on Mac OS X, Windows and Linux.

Unlike the RUP, the AUP has only seven disciplines : # Model. Understand the business of the organization, the problem domain being addressed by the project, and identify a viable solution to address the problem domain. # Implementation. Transform model(s) into executable code and perform a basic level of testing, in particular unit testing.

In 1997 the app was changed and renamed as Outlook Express and bundled with Internet Explorer 4. The Windows executable file for Outlook Express, msimn.exe, is a holdover from the Internet Mail and News era. Like Internet Explorer, Outlook Express 4 can run on Mac System 7, OS 8, and OS 9.

It is possible to make a USB drive or an optical medium bootable in order to start HDClone from it, independently of Windows. This also allows it to copy operating systems on which the HDClone executable file can't be started. It uses either Miray Symobi or Linux as the host operating system.

Linux also supports mandatory locking through the special `-o mand` parameter for file system mounting (``), but this is rarely used. Some Unix-like operating systems prevent attempts to open the executable file of a running program for writing; this is a third form of locking, separate from those provided by `fcntl` and `flock`.

The GNU Compiler Collection, Renesas CS+ (formerly CubeSuite+), Renesas e2studio (based on Eclipse), and IAR Systems' compiler and development environment are available. The Renesas CS+ IDE is free for debug-only use and supports standard ELF executable files. The RL78 ABI defined by Renesas is compatible with IAR's V2 and higher compilers.

They are graphic representations of processes, human and system resources, and their used capacity over time during a simulation run. These histograms are used to perform dynamic impact analysis of the behavior of the executable architecture. Figure 4-23 is an example showing the results of a simulation run of human resource capacity.

SYS` was loaded into memory, while `DUP.SYS` contained the disk utilities and was loaded only when the user exited to DOS. In addition to bug fixes, DOS 2.0S featured improved `NOTE/POINT` support and the ability to automatically run an Atari executable file named `AUTORUN.SYS`. Since user memory was erased when `DUP.

Chex is featured in a series of first-person shooter computer games (Chex Quest, Chex Quest 2, and Chex Quest 3) in which the player takes on the role of a Chex Warrior clad in Chex Armor. The games use a modified version of DOOM's IWAD (graphics, sounds, levels, etc.) and executable.

NET 4, with full access to computer resources. Starting an XBAP from an HTML page or vice versa is seamless (there is no security or installation prompt). Although one gets the perception of the application running in the browser, it actually runs in an out-of-process executable different from the browser.

BlackBox Component Pascal has its own executable and loadable object format .ocf (= Oberon code file); it includes a runtime linking loader for this format. The document format (.odc) is a rich text binary format, which allows nice formatting, supports conditional folding, and allows active content to be embedded in the source text.

An important language construct in PROMELA that needs a little explanation is the assert statement. Statements of the form: assert(any_boolean_condition) are always executable. If a boolean condition specified holds, the statement has no effect. If, however, the condition does not necessarily hold, the statement will produce an error during verifications with Spin.

It was followed by proofs of security-enforcement properties of the API, and a proof demonstrating that the executable binary code is a correct translation of the C implementation, taking the compiler out of the TCB. Taken together, these proofs establish an end-to-end proof of security properties of the kernel.

The `smit.script` file automatically records the commands with the command flags and parameters used. The `smit.script` file can be used as an executable shell script to rerun system configuration tasks. SMIT also creates the `smit.log` file, which contains additional detailed information that can be used by programmers in extending the SMIT system.

A software taggant is a cryptographic signature added to software that enables positive origin identification and integrity of programs. Software taggants use standard PKI techniques (see public key infrastructure) and were introduced by the Industry Connections Security Group of IEEE in an attempt to control proliferation of malware obfuscation via executable compression.

In 2009 Richard Lewis would leak a program to the public. The program, a small executable file called vent.exe was a cheat, disguised as being part of a popular VOiP software called Ventrilo. Similar to today's Discord or Teamspeak, it was widely used in the gaming world by teams to communicate during games.

HardOCP was the first hardware review web site to bring the issue to the community, and proved its existence by renaming all instances of "Quake" in the executable to "Quack."Bennett, Kyle. Optimizing or Cheating Radeon 8500 Drivers, Hard OCP, October 23, 2001. The result was improved image quality, but lower performance.

Also, the speed of the end product is typically more important to the user than the development time. Translators usually produce an abstract result that isn't completely ready to execute. Frequently, the operating system will convert the translator's object code into the final executable form just before execution of the program begins.

Curses was originally developed on an Acorn Archimedes using Acorn C/C++, before Nelson moved to his Inform programming language, which was simultaneously released. It was the first non- test game developed in the language. It is distributed without charge as a Z-Code executable. The Inform source code is not publicly available.

Franklin argues that in modern society, control-related and prescriptive technologies are dominant. "When work is organized as a sequence of separately executable steps, the control over the work moves to the organizer, the boss or manager," she writes. "In political terms, prescriptive technologies are designs for compliance."Franklin (Real World), p. 23.

One of the variable types is executable Push code. As a result, this language design allows for rich autoconstructive evolution by treating all code left on the code stack at the end of program execution as the program's offspring. Using this approach, programs have complete control over the offspring programs that they create.

RTEMS is distributed under a modified GNU General Public License (GPL), allowing linking RTEMS objects with other files without needing the full executable to be covered by the GPL. This license is based on the GNAT Modified General Public License with the language modified to not be specific to the Ada programming language.

When users click these infected apps, their bundle executable Transmission.app/Content/MacOS/Transmission will copy this General.rtf file to ~/Library/kernel_service and execute this “kernel_service” before any user interface appearing. It encrypts the files with RSA and RSA public key cryptography, with the key for decryption only stored on the attacker's servers.

The mkfs executable was kept in the /etc directory instead of a binary directory so it would not be inadvertently called and destroy information. Later implementations of Unix-like operating systems included the mkfs command, including HP-UX,HP-UX 11i Version 3. Hewlett-Packard Company. September 2010 (PDF) Minix, SunOS and Linux.

At this point WHDLoad performs its main task of switching off the AmigaOS operating system, disables multitasking and interrupts, and copies memory regions which are used by AmigaOS and required by the installed program to an unused place until the AmigaOS is needed again. WHDLoad also degrades the graphics hardware to OCS on original Amiga machines (this function actually can work also on emulated Amigas, but only on newer versions of WinUAE which recognizes WHDLoad and preserves its interrupts), then WHDLoad initializes all hardware with defined values and jumps into the Slave interface required for the program in question. The Slave interface loads the main executable of the installed program by calling a WHDLoad function (resload_DiskLoad or resload_LoadFile), then patches the main executable (so that the loaded program will be capable of loading its data stored into the hard disk via the Slave, in order to fix compatibility problems, and to enable an exit from the program) and calls the main executable. At this point the program that has been installed can perform the task for which it has been written, loading its data as it would from a real floppy disk.

Atari TOS is based on GEMDOS which uses a modified FAT12 (or, on hard disks, FAT16) file system.alternative-system.com - Revive GEMDOS for lisa The major differences are the fact that the boot sector does not need to contain the IBM compatible jump sequence at the beginning (typically or ), the lack (before TOS 1.04) of an OEM identifier compatible with PC-based systems, and the fact that a checksum is used to mark the boot sector as executable (the PC format uses the signature word instead). Executable boot sectors for the Atari platform typically start with an MC68K jump opcode (e.g. , and the last two byte word must sum with the rest of the boot sector (in big-endian word form) to in order to be bootable.

Executable choreographies are a more general concept and are not necessarily verifiable choreographies if they do not use the idea of a site regarded as a security context for code execution. As examples of approaches to programming using executable choreographies, we could list the European project CHOReOS, the Chor programming language, the web service modeling in the "Choreographing Web Services" of some aspects related to the composition of web services using pi-calculus. The verifiable term was introduced to highlight the possibility of verifying swarm communication. The explicit presence of the execution location idea leads to the possibility of developing verification algorithms as can be seen in the article "Levels of privacy for e-Health systems in the cloud era".

K-Lite doesn't include any code by Sharman: instead, it runs the user's original Kazaa Media Desktop executable in an environment which removes the malware, spyware and adware and adds features. In November 2004, the developers of K-Lite released K-Lite v2.7, which similarly requires the KMD 2.7 executable. Other clean variants used an older core (2.02) and thus, K-Lite had some features that others didn't have. K-Lite included multiple search tabs, a custom toolbar, and autostart, a download accelerator, an optional splash screen, preview with option (to view files you are currently downloading), an IP blocker, Magnet links support, and ad blocking, although the clients based on the 2.02 core abstract these functions to third-party programs.

The software is used to create photo slideshows in executable files for PC and Mac, HD video, on DVD and for exporting on YouTube and Facebook. The program allows the ordinary user and the professional photographer to create different kinds of slideshows with the option for various transition effects, including 3D effects, comments, backgrounds and sounds. Individual slides can also be customized with animation such as the Ken Burns effect, and the show itself can be synchronized to background music or simply transition randomly from slide to slide. Creating the slideshow as a self-running executable file allows for the opportunity to password-protect the file, as well as to install security measures such as setting an expiration date or to block the print screen button.

Perhaps the most common use for a memory-mapped file is the process loader in most modern operating systems (including Microsoft Windows and Unix-like systems.) When a process is started, the operating system uses a memory mapped file to bring the executable file, along with any loadable modules, into memory for execution. Most memory-mapping systems use a technique called demand paging, where the file is loaded into physical memory in subsets (one page each), and only when that page is actually referenced."Demand Paging" In the specific case of executable files, this permits the OS to selectively load only those portions of a process image that actually need to execute. Another common use for memory-mapped files is to share memory between multiple processes.

In the case of operating systems that support virtual memory, the loader may not actually copy the contents of executable files into memory, but rather may simply declare to the virtual memory subsystem that there is a mapping between a region of memory allocated to contain the running program's code and the contents of the associated executable file. (See memory-mapped file.) The virtual memory subsystem is then made aware that pages with that region of memory need to be filled on demand if and when program execution actually hits those areas of unfilled memory. This may mean parts of a program's code are not actually copied into memory until they are actually used, and unused code may never be loaded into memory at all.

XBMCXbox software is just like XBMC licensed under the GNU General Public License (GPL) by its developers, meaning they allow anybody to redistribute XBMCXbox source code under very liberal conditions. However, in order to compile the Xbox build of XBMCXbox into executable form, it is currently necessary to use Microsoft's proprietary XDK (Xbox Development Kit) which is only available to licensed developers and the resulting code may only be legally distributed by Microsoft. Accordingly, code compiled with an unauthorized copy of the Xbox Development Kit may not be legally distributed by anyone other than Microsoft. So while XBMC4Xbox's source code is made publicly available by the developers under an open-source (GNU GPL) license, the developers themselves are legally unable to distribute executable versions of XBMC4Xbox.

There he was one of the editors of the original Report on the Algorithmic Language ALGOL 68, being responsible for the design of ALGOL 68's transput. He became involved with developing international standards in programming and informatics, as a member of the International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP) IFIP Working Group 2.1 on Algorithmic Languages and Calculi, which specified, maintains, and supports the programming languages ALGOL 60 and 68. He is the creator of the original Compiler Description Language (CDL), and of affix grammars, which are a variant of Van Wijngaarden grammars. In a sense, CDL is a deterministic executable affix grammar, while Prolog is a non-deterministic executable affix grammar; a link acknowledged by the implementors of the original Prolog interpreter.

In a language with free pointers or non-checked array writes (such as in C), the mixing of control flow data which affects the execution of code (the return addresses or the saved frame pointers) and simple program data (parameters or return values) in a call stack is a security risk, possibly exploitable through stack buffer overflows as the most common type of buffer overflows. One of such attacks involves filling one buffer with arbitrary executable code, and then overflowing the same or some other buffer to overwrite some return address with a value that points directly to the executable code. As a result, when the function returns, the computer executes that code. This kind of an attack can be easily blocked with W^X.

PostScript's `exec` operator takes an operand — if it is a simple literal it pushes it back on the stack. If one takes a string containing a PostScript expression however, one can convert the string to an executable which then can be executed by the interpreter, for example: (Hello World) = which pops the string "Hello World" off the stack and displays it on the screen, to have an executable type, then is executed. PostScript's `run` operator is similar in functionality but instead the interpreter interprets PostScript expressions in a file, itself. >>> x = 1 >>> eval('x + 1') 2 >>> eval('x') 1 The `eval` function takes two optional arguments, `global` and `locals`, which allow the programmer to set up a restricted environment for the evaluation of the expression.

Some of the id Software staff have revealed that they were impressed by some of the WADs; John Carmack later said the following about a Star Wars-themed modification: Another particularly notable early modification is Aliens TC (see below in the conversions section), based on the movie Aliens. Even though WADs modified Doom by replacing graphics and audio, the amount of customization was somewhat limited; much of the game's behavior, including the timing and strength of weapons and enemies, was hard-coded in the Doom executable file and impossible to alter in WADs. DeHackEd, a Doom editing program created by Greg Lewis, addressed this by letting users modify parameters inside of the Doom executable itself, allowing for a greater degree of customization.

A translator using static binary translation aims to convert all of the code of an executable file into code that runs on the target architecture without having to run the code first, as is done in dynamic binary translation. This is very difficult to do correctly, since not all the code can be discovered by the translator. For example, some parts of the executable may be reachable only through indirect branches, whose value is known only at run-time. One such static binary translator uses universal superoptimizer peephole technology (developed by Sorav Bansal, and Alex Aiken from Stanford University) to perform efficient translation between possibly many source and target pairs, with considerably low development costs and high performance of the target binary.

When trying to read from or write to a location in the main memory, the processor checks whether the data from that location is already in the cache. If so, the processor will read from or write to the cache instead of the much slower main memory. Most modern desktop and server CPUs have at least three independent caches: an instruction cache to speed up executable instruction fetch, a data cache to speed up data fetch and store, and a translation lookaside buffer (TLB) used to speed up virtual-to-physical address translation for both executable instructions and data. A single TLB can be provided for access to both instructions and data, or a separate Instruction TLB (ITLB) and data TLB (DTLB) can be provided.

CoreASM is an open source project (licensed under Academic Free License version 3.0) that focuses on the design of a lean executable ASM (Abstract State Machines) language, in combination with a supporting tool environment for high-level design, experimental validation, and formal verification (where appropriate) of abstract system models. Abstract state machines are known for their versatility in modeling of algorithms, architectures, languages, protocols, and virtually all kinds of sequential, parallel, and distributed systems. The ASM formalism has been studied extensively by researchers in academia and industry for more than 15 years with the intention to bridge the gap between formal and pragmatic approaches. Model-based systems engineering can benefit from abstract executable specifications as a tool for design exploration and experimental validation through simulation and testing.

IBM i programs, like System/38 programs before them, contain both processor-independent "virtual" binary code and processor-dependent executable binary code. Compilers for IBM i produce the processor-independent code as their output; the operating system automatically translates the processor-independent code into the processor-dependent code as needed, without the need for source code or attention by IT personnel. Notably, when migrating from a legacy processor (for example, from CISC to RISC hardware), if automatic migration is configured and if the original program was created with normal options, the system will rebuild the executable code automatically and in just a few seconds. Migration consists of taking a backup from the old computer, and restoring it on the new.

Building on top of the SmartScreen Filter introduced in Internet Explorer 8, Internet Explorer 9's protection against malware downloads is extended with SmartScreen Application Reputation that detects untrustworthy executables. This warns a person if they are downloading an executable program without a safe reputation, from a site that does not have a safe reputation.

NET Framework. They can also use other libraries present in many operating systems. Other malware carry several executable files in order to run in multiple environments and they utilize these during the propagation process. In practice, this type of malware requires a connection between the two operating systems to use as an attack vector.

The key to CorVision is PROCEDURES. The procedures in CorVision eventually become Executable Images (.EDO's). Three types of procedures are: ;Screen Procedures: Used for data entry and updating, can be accessed from a menu and is navigatable. A Procedure of this type consists of the Menu selection and any key screens and data screen.

SdlBasic is a multiplatform interpreter for BASIC, using the SDL libraries. Its interpreter core is based on wxBasic. The interpreter can be very useful for people who are familiar with ANSI-BASIC interpreters and are curious or needing SDL library features on their coding development. Using the IDE it is possible to create an executable.

The "Novell Application Launcher" service and executable program-names with the .nal file extension persist within ZENworks. Novell later wrote a version that diversified the managed object class to include users. That solution (based on the second iteration of Magic Windows, engineered primarily by Damon Janis), "UserNet", appeared at the Novell Brainshare conference in 1994.

Classes have lifecycles which are modeled in Executable UML with a statechart diagram. The statechart diagram defines the states, transitions, events, and procedures that define a class' behaviour. Each state has only one procedure that is executed upon entry into that state. A procedure is composed of actions, which are specified in an action language.

Genetix is a virtual machine created by Bernard Hodson containing only 34 executable instructions."Så fungerar Genetix " (In Swedish) Computer Sweden 9 October 2006. Retrieved 27 July 2009. It was inspired by the principles of Alan Turing and allows for an entire operating system, including a word processor and utilities, to run on 32 kilobytes.

Unlike BASIC interpreters that stored "p-code" that was parsed by an execution module, SBasic was a two-pass compiler, ultimately producing .com files that were executable. The language was written in a subset of itself and compiled using a .com kernel, then stored on diskette (or hard drive on the last KayPro model).

A Vue script can be invoked with interpreter magic and set executable like a shell script or can be run as input to the probevue command in the form of a command line parameter or stdin input.probevue command entry of AIX 6.1 Knowledge Center page By convention, Vue scripts have a .e filename extension.

Scrap (.shs) files have been used by viruses because they can contain a wide variety of files (including executable code), and the file extension is not shown even when "Hide file extensions from known file types" is disabled. The functionality can be restored by copying registry entries and the DLL from a Windows XP system.

The x86 instruction set refers to the set of instructions that x86-compatible microprocessors support. The instructions are usually part of an executable program, often stored as a computer file and executed on the processor. The x86 instruction set has been extended several times, introducing wider registers and datatypes as well as new functionality.

PaX offers executable space protection, using (or emulating in operating system software) the functionality of an NX bit (i.e., built-in CPU and MMU support for memory contents execution privilege tagging). It also provides address space layout randomization to defeat ret2libc attacks and all other attacks relying on known structure of a program's virtual memory.

The Mixed Reality Simulation Platform (MIXR) is an open-source software project designed to support the development of robust, scalable, virtual and constructive, and stand-alone and distributed simulation applications. Its most common use case is to support the development of executable simulation applications used to assemble real-time, interactive, distributed virtual environments (DVEs).

Every application contains al least a Code #0 resource with size information and jump tables, a Code #1 resource with executable code and data resources containing pre-initialized values of global variables in compressed form. Other resources that may be contained are forms, form objects, alerts and multimedia data, e. g. images and sounds.

Jabaco takes BASIC syntax source code – Microsoft Visual Basic 6 style – and compiles it to Java bytecode executable by the Java Virtual Machine. The update for Jabaco has not been done after BETA 1.5.2 was released. But Jabaco is an important useful programming environment yet because it works on Windows 7 and Java 8.

File systems with folders are typically absent as are SQL databases. Software development requires use of a cross compiler, which runs on a computer but produces executable code for the target device. Debugging requires use of an in-circuit emulator, JTAG or SWD. Software developers often have access to the complete kernel (OS) source code.

On March 9, 2009 Discordia Ltd, a Cyprus-based company, acquired the home page and the advertisement server of the original application, respectively lphant.com and adliveserver.com domains. Instead of advertisements, current versions of the original application may display a message suggesting to users they should upgrade Lphant by installing an executable package named LphantV6.exe.

These are arbitrary bit patterns that specify, when control is passed to the subprogram, which registers are to be preserved. Since register masks are a form of data embedded within the executable code, they can make linear parsing of the machine code difficult. This can complicate optimization techniques that are applied on machine code.

Application bundles are directory hierarchies, with the top-level directory having a name that ends with a `.app` extension. In an application bundle, the first directory in the bundle underneath the top-level directory is usually named `Contents`. Within `Contents` there is usually another directory (called `MacOS` on Macs), which contains the application's executable code.

It is now maintained as part of Busybox. Built for uClibc, the client executable is around 18k. The program accepts all options on the command line, and calls external scripts to handle the configuration of interfaces. Udhcp was originally developed in 1999 by Matthew Ramsay and distributed under the GNU GPL by Moreton Bay.

The GNU Assembler, commonly known as gas or simply as, its executable name, is the assembler used by the GNU Project. It is the default back-end of GCC. It is used to assemble the GNU operating system and the Linux kernel, and various other software. It is a part of the GNU Binutils package.

This is an important reason to avoid the use of shared sections in DLLs. If a DLL is compressed by certain executable packers (e.g. UPX), all of its code sections are marked as read and write, and will be unshared. Read-and-write code sections, much like private data sections, are private to each process.

The Visual Studio Shell defines a set of VSPackages that provide the functionality required in any IDE. On top of that, other packages can be added to customize the installation. The Isolated mode of the shell creates a new AppId where the packages are installed. These are to be started with a different executable.

From this, the developers created their client-side applications and server-side ASP.NET web services. Development of an application or service required a developer to create a new solution and implement a set of assemblies (one for each layer), that referenced the framework assemblies. These were then deployed as an executable application or web service.

One can modify the set of available commands by modifying which paths appear in the PATH environment variable. Under Unix, commands also need be marked as executable files. The directories in the path variable are searched in the order they are given. By re-ordering the path, one can run e.g. \OS2\MDOS\E.

C2flash is short for "c/c++ to flash". It is a tool that converts an executable file compiled from c/c++ to Flash as code. C2flash first disassembles the PE file into assembler code, and then generates Flash 3.0 code that simulates a 386 CPU. The virtual machine runs the assembler code in Flash Player.

The worm typically uses port 25 to spread, but uses port 119 if port 25 is not available. The executable of the worm is 10,000 bytes in size; a list of spammed newsgroups and mail addresses is stored on the infected hard drive. The worm spreads only if the Winsock library is not set to read-only.

A metacompiler takes as input a metaprogram written in a specialized metalanguages (a higher level abstraction) specifically designed for the purpose of metaprogramming. The output is an executable object program. An analogy can be drawn: That as a C++ compiler takes as input a C++ programming language program, a metacompiler takes as input a metaprogramming metalanguage program.

This sounds like a bootstrap process. The problem is that almost every general purpose language compiler also fits the Forth metacompiler description. : When (self-hosting compiler) X processes its own source code, resulting in an executable version of itself, X is a metacompiler. Just replace X with any common language, C, C++, Pascal, COBOL, Fortran, Ada, Modula-2, etc.

Its executable image, or (for 32-bit services running on 64-bit systems) runs in multiple instances, each hosting one or more services. Services running in SvcHost are implemented as dynamically-linked libraries (DLLs). Each service's registry key must have a value named under the subkey, pointing to the respective service's DLL file. Their definition is of the form .

The B4 Organ II is a discontinued commercial, proprietary software synthesizer made by Native Instruments. The software runs as a stand-alone executable, or as a VST, DXi, or RTAS plugin in a Digital audio workstation. The software is an example of a "Clonewheel organ", an attempt at recreating the sound of a Hammond organ using software synthesis.

Before internet connectivity was widespread, computer viruses were typically spread by infected floppy disks. Antivirus software came into use, but was updated relatively infrequently. During this time, virus checkers essentially had to check executable files and the boot sectors of floppy disks and hard disks. However, as internet usage became common, viruses began to spread online.

SHC is a shell script compiler for Unix-like operating systems written in C programming language. The Shell Script Compiler (SHC) encodes and encrypts unix shell scripts into executable binaries. Compiling shell scripts into binaries provides protection against accidental changes and source modification, and is a way of hiding source code written in unix shell scripting language.

On 20 March 2010, computers running Bitdefender under 64-bit versions of Windows were affected by a malfunctioning update which classified every executable program as well as dll files as infected. These files were all marked as 'Trojan.FakeAlert.5' and were moved into quarantine. This action led to software and systems malfunctions that affected users around the world.

This enables malware authors to add ".scr" to the name of any win32 executable file, and thereby increase likelihood that users of Microsoft Windows will run it unintentionally. In addition, this program should support the following command line parameters: With no parameter – shows the Settings dialog box or do nothing. ScreenSaver.scr `/s` Runs the screensaver. ScreenSaver.

SubSpace utilizes a client–server architecture. Initially, both the client and server were provided by VIE. The client executable was titled SubSpace while the server was called SubGame. A new client, titled Continuum, was created by reverse engineering without access to the original source code by the players PriitK (one of the creators of Kazaa) and Mr Ekted.

Files may have names ending in .COM, but not be in the simple format described above; this is indicated by a magic number at the start of the file. For example, the COMMAND.COM file in DR DOS 6.0 is actually in DOS executable format, indicated by the first two bytes being MZ (4Dh 5Ah), the initials of Mark Zbikowski.

The first commit to the GitHub repository is on 12 December 2017 by Romain Vimont. scrcpy v1.0 was released 3 months later which included the support for basic screen mirroring and android remote control. The first release packaged a Windows Executable and the server. The community took packaging forward and made scrcpy available for numerous Linux Distributions .

WindowsSCOPE shows processes, DLLs, and drivers running the computer at the time of the memory snapshot as well as open network sockets, file handles, and registry key handles. It also provides disassembly and control flow graphing for executable code. WindowsSCOPE Live is a version of the tool that allows analysis to be performed from a mobile device.

Unicorn is a CPU emulation framework based on QEMU's "TCG" CPU emulator. Unlike QEMU, Unicorn focuses on the CPU only: no emulation of any peripherials are provided and raw binary code (outside of the context of an executable file or a system image) can be run directly. Unicorn is thread-safe and has multiple bindings and instrumentation interfaces.

State transitions in executable operational architectural models provide for descriptions of conditions that control the behavior of process events in responding to inputs and in producing outputs. A state specifies the response of a process to events. The response may vary depending on the current state and the rule set or conditions. Distribution settings determine process time executions.

Existing 8080 assembly source code (albeit no executable code) was thereby made upward compatible with the new 8086 to a degree. In contrast, the 432 had no software compatibility or migration requirements. The architects had total freedom to do a novel design from scratch, using whatever techniques they guessed would be best for large- scale systems and software.

Doing so makes it difficult to adapt the program to different locales, or to maintain the program. The more preferred approach in modern systems is to store such data in a separate data file, distinct from the program executable image file, or in a resource fork of the program, that the program reads at run-time.

ASN.1 is a data type declaration notation. It does not define how to manipulate a variable of such a type. Manipulation of variables is defined in other languages such as SDL (Specification and Description Language) for executable modeling or TTCN-3 (Testing and Test Control Notation) for conformance testing. Both these languages natively support ASN.

A connection can be made to the e-mail interventions of "Codeworks" artists such as Mez or mi ga or robots like Mailia which analyze emails and reply to them. "Codeworks" is a term coined by poet Alan Sondheim to define the textual experiments of artists playing with faux-code and non-executable script or mark-up languages.

The code density of MISC is similar to the code density of RISC; the increased instruction density is offset by requiring more of the primitive instructions to do a task. There has been research into executable compression as a mechanism for improving code density. The mathematics of Kolmogorov complexity describes the challenges and limits of this.

IBM DOS/360 did not have the ability to relocate programs during loading. Sometimes multiple versions of a program were maintained, each built for a different load address. A special class of programs, called self-relocating programs, were coded to relocate themselves after loading. IBM OS/360 relocated executable programs when they were loaded into memory.

The JobScheduler is an open-source computer application for enterprise-level scheduling and process automation. It is used to launch executable files and shell scripts and to automatically run database procedures. The JobScheduler stores status and historical information in a backend database management system. All features of the JobScheduler can be used under the GPL license.

M_DW -> skip; :: Chan_data_out ! M_UP -> skip; od; }; init { atomic { run P1 (Chan_data_up, Chan_data_down); run P2 (Chan_data_down, Chan_data_up); } } In the example, the two processes P1 and P2 have non-deterministic choices of (1) input from the other or (2) output to the other. Two rendezvous handshakes are possible, or executable, and one of them is chosen. This repeats forever.

The IDE of Cantata is based on Eclipse. Cantata belongs to a category of code-driven unit testing frameworks used for dynamic testing of software. These tools bring compiled test cases to execution with the linked-in code under test. The test executable will run on a computing platform, a native operating system, or a target platform.

Part of this involves language checking, such as ensuring proper use of the type system. The result of successful compilation is an executable. Link time connects all of the necessary machine code components of a program, including externals. It is very common for programs to use functions implemented by external libraries, all of which must be properly linked together.

In a way, by having this number independently published for a completely unrelated reason to the DeCSS code, he had been able to evade legal responsibility for the original software. Following this, Carmody discovered an 1811-digit prime—this one being non-compressed, directly executable machine language in the ELF format for Linux i386, implementing the same DeCSS functionality.

Usually commonly seen icon images and names are used to exploit users' willingness to click on benign looking files. When the file is opened, the Mach-O executable runs by default in the Terminal instead of an image viewer like the user would expect. This initial execution does three things. First, it downloads and executes the backdoor component.

Version 3.0.2 was released on February 15, 2017 and includes bug fixes and minor compiler updates. Version 3.0.4 was released on November 28, 2017. It includes many language improvements over previous versions like an internal linker for Executable and Linkable Format (ELF), Arm AARCH64 for iOS and Linux, a revived i8086 platform, extended libraries and much more.

With the release of version 3.5.90, the name was changed to Videos. The name 'Totem', remained in 'de facto' use (the executable, for example, still uses the Totem name, as does its package in Debian). GNOME 3.12 revamped the user interface radically and added support for direct playback from online video channels such as Guardian and Apple trailers.

In addition to its use at the eight to fifteen sites that ran the Michigan Terminal System, a Snostorm3 compiler existed at University College London (UCL) from 1982 to 1984 and worked by compiling Snostorm3 into SNOBOL4, which could then be executed using the SNOBOL4 interpreter or by using a SPITBOL compiler to create an executable.

Version 3.0.3 was one of the first Linux distributions to support Executable and Linkable Format instead of the older a.out format.Linux Distributions Compared, Linux Journal, 1996 Red Hat Linux introduced a graphical installer called Anaconda developed by Ketan Bagal, intended to be easy to use for novices, and which has since been adopted by some other Linux distributions.

The Java Packager tool is a tool included in the JDK which allows to package Java applications from the command line. It is an alternative to using other packaging tools like Apache Ant. Note that the Java Packager does not automatically produce a Jar file. Many other formats are available, including native executable formats for the platform.

Steve Gibson – SecurityNow Podcast One way of avoiding PDF file exploits is to have a local or web service convert files to another format before viewing. On March 30, 2010 security researcher Didier Stevens reported an Adobe Reader and Foxit Reader exploit that runs a malicious executable if the user allows it to launch when asked.

ASG is bindings project on top of the Enduro/X. Authors considers these binding as application server for go, because Golang projects are linked statically and by default there is no such thing as components. Enduro/X allows to run separate executable binaries, which represents stateless services. These services can be reloaded on the fly without service interruption.

XA two phase commit can be used too with standard JDBC drivers. Transactions are managed by standard Enduro/X Core transaction manager to which JDBC drivers are loaded for transaction orchestration. Binding package also offer Java Linker process called exjld. It offers option to link java objects (jar files) to standard executable process with dependency to libjvm and libjava.

Where code is written and executed at runtime—a JIT compiler is a prominent example—the compiler can potentially be used to produce exploit code (e.g. using JIT Spray) that has been flagged for execution and therefore would not be trapped. Return-oriented programming can allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code even when executable space protection is enforced.

JAL (Just Another Language) is a Pascal-like programming language and compiler that generates executable code for PIC microcontrollers. It is a free-format language with a compiler that runs on Linux, MS-Windows and MS-DOS (OSX support). It is configurable and extendable through the use of libraries and can even be combined with PIC assembly language.

In computing, resident set size (RSS) is the portion of memory occupied by a process that is held in main memory (RAM). The rest of the occupied memory exists in the swap space or file system, either because some parts of the occupied memory were paged out, or because some parts of the executable were never loaded.

The S-record format was created in the mid-1970s for the Motorola 6800 processor. Software development tools for that and other embedded processors would make executable code and data in the S-record format. PROM programmers would then read the S-record format and "burn" the data into the PROMs or EPROMs used in the embedded system.

Unlike some other virtual-machine architectures in which the virtual instructions are interpreted at run time, TIMI instructions are never interpreted. They constitute an intermediate compile time step and are translated into the processor's instruction set as the final compilation step. The TIMI instructions are stored within the final program object, in addition to the executable machine instructions.

Application directories are used to store applications. The OS differentiates them from normal directories through the use of a pling (exclamation mark, also called shriek) prefix. Double- clicking on such a directory launches the application rather than opening the directory. The application's executable files and resources are contained within the directory, but normally they remain hidden from the user.

Once all files have been compiled separately into object files, traditionally, a compiler links (merges) the object files into a single file, the executable. However, in LTO as implemented by the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) or LLVM, the compiler is able to dump its intermediate representation (GIMPLE bytecode or LLVM bitcode) to disk so that all the different compilation units that will go to make up a single executable can be optimized as a single module when the link finally happens. This expands the scope of interprocedural optimizations to encompass the whole program (or, rather, everything that is visible at link time). With link-time optimization, the compiler can apply various forms of interprocedural optimization to the whole program, allowing for deeper analysis, more optimization, and ultimately better program performance.

For security purposes, the invoking user is usually prohibited by the system from altering the new process in any way, such as by using `ptrace`, `LD_LIBRARY_PATH` or sending signals to it, to exploit the raised privilege, although signals from the terminal will still be accepted. The `setuid` and `setgid` bits are normally set with the command `chmod` by setting the high-order octal digit to 4 for `setuid` or 2 for `setgid`. "`chmod 6711 _file_`" will set both the `setuid` and `setgid` bits (4+2=6), making the file read/write/executable for the owner (7), and executable by the group (first 1) and others (second 1). When a user other than the owner executes the file, the process will run with user and group permissions set upon it by its owner.

1, on August 8, 2003. (English tr.) Another major change was the removal of the Send- Receive Messaging Module from the core into a plugin, SRMM. This reduced the size of the executable file and encouraged rapid development of messaging modules. During this period many variations (including SRAMM, SRMM_mod, etc.) offered different new features and improvements over the standard implementation. ZDNet.

Users can chat with each other over an IPX LAN. The shortcut to the executable is not present in the Start Menu in newer versions of Windows; it must instead be run by using Start > Run... > WinChat.exe. Windows Chat utilizes a split screen user interface similar to UNIX talk. Windows Chat is real time text, with typing being transmitted immediately.

0) printf ("%d is divisible by 11 ", i); } return 0; } To enable coverage testing the program must be compiled with the following options: gcc -Wall -fprofile-arcs -ftest-coverage cov.c where cov.c is the name of the program file. This creates an instrumented executable which contains additional instructions that record the number of times each line of the program is executed.

A distro may take the form of a binary distribution, with an executable installer which can be downloaded from the Internet. Examples range from whole operating system distributions to server and interpreter distributions (for example WAMP installers). Software distributions (noun) can also refer to careware and donateware. In recent years, the term has come to refer to nearly any "finished" software (i.e.

KoKo Virus is a memory resident computer virus created in March 1991. KoKo's name came from the creator himself, which was a nickname used by his friends. Many on-line virus databases refer to KoKo as Koko.1780. KoKo is written in the Assembly programming language and the executable file usually has an approximate file size of around 1780 bytes.

Later versions also added control structures, such as multiline conditional statements and loop blocks. Microsoft's "PC BASIC Compiler" was included for compiling programs into DOS executables. Beginning with version 4.0, the editor included an interpreter that allowed the programmer to run the program without leaving the editor. The interpreter was used to debug a program before creating an executable file.

Performance issues led to a change in later releases to a system of complex file system attributes. Under this system resources were handled in a fashion somewhat more analogous to the Mac. AmigaOS does not use forked files. Its executable files are internally divided into a modular structure of large pieces (hunk) capable of storing code, data, and additional information.

ABI, like e.g. the Linux Standard Base aims to procure, the compiler version is important. GCC's external interface follows Unix conventions. Users invoke a language-specific driver program (`gcc` for C, `g++` for C++, etc.), which interprets command arguments, calls the actual compiler, runs the assembler on the output, and then optionally runs the linker to produce a complete executable binary.

This allows programs to load and save any files for which the corresponding datatypes exist. File descriptors did not need to be embedded in the executable code. An independent system of loaders was not needed for new productivity software. Amiga productivity software tools therefore have a smaller size and a more clean design than similar programs running in other operating systems.

SevenDust is a computer virus that infects computers running certain versions of the classic Mac OS. It was first discovered in 1998, and originally referred to as 666 by Apple. SevenDust is a polymorphic virus, with some variant also being encrypted. It spreads by users running an infected executable. Some variants of SevenDust also delete all non-application files accessed during certain times.

A CMS-2 source program is composed of two basic types of statement. Declarative statements provide basic control information to the compiler and define the structure of the data associated with a particular program. Dynamic statements cause the compiler to generate executable machine instructions (object code). Declarative statements defining the data for a program are grouped into units called data designs.

A weak symbol denotes a specially annotated symbol during linking of Executable and Linkable Format (ELF) object files. By default, without any annotation, a symbol in an object file is strong. During linking, a strong symbol can override a weak symbol of the same name. In contrast, two strong symbols that share a name yield a link error during link-time.

FortMP is a software package for solving large-scale optimization problems. It solves linear programming problems, quadratic programming problems and mixed integer programming problems (both linear and quadratic). Its robustness has been explored and published in the Mathematical Programming journal. FortMP is available as a standalone executable that accepts input in MPS format and as a library with interfaces in C and Fortran.

Parrot hackers turn these documents into executable tests, and then existing features. The Parrot team releases a new stable version of the software on the third Tuesday of every month. Core committers take turns producing releases in a revolving schedule, where no single committer is responsible for multiple releases in a row. This practice has improved the project's velocity and stability.

Domain-specific modeling often also includes the idea of code generation: automating the creation of executable source code directly from the domain- specific language models. Being free from the manual creation and maintenance of source code means domain-specific language can significantly improve developer productivity.Kelly, S. and Tolvanen, J.-P., (2008) Domain-Specific Modeling: Enabling Full Code Generation, John Wiley & Sons, New Jersey.

Executive Order -- Making Open and Machine Readable the New Default for Government Information. N.p., 9 May 2013. Web. Machine executable legal code is much less common. Notable among current efforts is the Hammurabi Project, an attempt to rewrite parts of the United States legal code in such a way that a law can take facts as input and return decisions.

When linking is performed during the creation of an executable or another object file, it is known as static linking or early binding. In this case, the linking is usually done by a linker, but may also be done by the compiler. A static library, also known as an archive, is one intended to be statically linked. Originally, only static libraries existed.

Seamlessly Integrating Software & Hardware Modelling for Large-Scale Systems. 2nd International Workshop on Equation-Based Object-Oriented Languages and Tools (EOOLT 2008), Cyprus, July 2008. pp. 5–15. These problems can be overcome by integrating behavior trees with the Modelica, mathematical modelling approach. The environment and hardware components are modelled using Modelica and integrated with an executable software model that uses behavior trees.

SHC takes a shell script which is specified on the command line by `[ -f filename ]` option and produces a C source code of the script with added cipher. The generated source code is then compiled and linked to produce a binary executable. Thus it's a two step process where, at first step, it creates a `filename.x.c` file of the shell script file `filename`.

Outlook Express was one of the earlier email clients to support HTML email and scripts. As a result, emails were commonly infected with viruses. Previously, another security flaw was that a script could automatically be opened as an attachment. Another bug was in Outlook Express's attachment handling that allowed an executable to appear to be a harmless attachment such as a graphics file.

The tool could also generate from them, automatically, executable code; first in the Ada programming language and later also in the C programming language.STATEMATE: a working environment for the development of complex reactive systems, In 1987, the company was re-formed as a USA entity, called I-Logix Inc., and AdCad Ltd. became its R&D; branch, renamed as I-Logix Israel, Ltd.

For innovative, adaptive, and collaborative human work, the techniques of human interaction management are required. # Workflow analysis: Workflow systems allow users to develop executable processes with no familiarity with formal programming concepts. Automated workflow analysis techniques can help users analyze the properties of user workflows to conduct verification of certain properties before executing them, e.g., analyzing flow control or data flow.

A86 is a commercial assembler for MS-DOS which generates code for the Intel x86 family of microprocessors. Written by Eric Isaacson, it was first made available as shareware in June 1986. The assembler is contained in one 32K executable and can directly produce a COM file or an object file for use with a standard linker. It comes with a debugger, D86.

A brief review and interview with the developer appeared in Libre Graphics World in 2013. This review praises SolveSpace for its small executable file size, its advanced constraints solver and range of output formats. The same review notes some drawbacks, mainly its slow and limited processing of NURBS booleans and lack of native Linux support. However, native Linux support has since been added.

Basic Plus 2 (BP2 or BASIC-Plus-2) was later developed by DEC to add additional features and increase performance. It used true compilation into threaded code, and wrote its output to machine language object files. These were compatible with other object files on the system, and could be assembled into libraries. A linker (the TKB taskbuilder) then created executable files from them.

While the build systems for other platforms are open, the Windows API (WinAPI, Win32) build system is not, although unofficial Windows binaries are available online. Anyone can either compile an executable from the Python-licensed source code or pay for a subscription to support services to obtain access to precompiled executables. On 8 January 2010, Schrödinger, Inc. reached an agreement to acquire PyMOL.

Netop On Demand creates temporary QuickStart sessions via Internet using Netop Portal, without changing the configuration of the firewall. The user simply downloads a temporary executable and receives direct assistance of technical support. The technician can view the user's screen and control the mouse and keyboard. When the remote session is closed it is automatically removed from the remote device.

Some binary optimizers do executable compression, which reduces the size of binary files using generic data compression techniques, reducing storage requirements and transfer and loading times, but not improving run-time performance. Actual consolidation of duplicate library modules would also reduce memory requirements. Some binary optimizers utilize run-time metrics (profiling) to introspectively improve performance using techniques similar to JIT compilers.

Their way of working is very similar; however, unexpected differences may appear due to different numerical precision or to the porting of the software to different architectures. For example, the elapsed time in the PC version is not calculated at present. Each distribution contains one executable (named delphi or delphi.exe), the source codes (with corresponding makefile when needed), and some worked examples.

It is essentially another proof assistant for classical higher order logic.Harrison, John HOL Light: an overview. Retrieved 2010-10-23 ;Coq :Developed in France, Coq is another automated proof assistant, which can automatically extract executable programs from specifications, as either Objective CAML or Haskell source code. Properties, programs and proofs are formalized in the same language called the Calculus of Inductive Constructions (CIC).

An object file is a computer file containing object code, that is, machine code output of an assembler or compiler. The object code is usually relocatable, and not usually directly executable. There are various formats for object files, and the same machine code can be packaged in different object file formats. An object file may also work like a shared library.

The first TDD test might not even compile at first, because the classes and methods it requires may not yet exist. Nevertheless, that first test functions as the beginning of an executable specification. Each test case fails initially: This ensures that the test really works and can catch an error. Once this is shown, the underlying functionality can be implemented.

The architectural concept is a micro-kernel design. Many of the functionalities that are usually integrated in the kernel in a monolithic or hybrid system are implemented as user-level applications. Drivers and some vital components (like the executable loader) are running as such processes. This approach tries to improve stability and avoid crashes due to faulty accesses, hardware uses or memory corruption.

The game is written mostly in compiled BASIC v1.0, with a few assembly modules linked in for graphics, sound, and keyboard support. This can be confirmed by looking at the executable. The assembly module(s) for graphics were included largely for performance, and included rudimentary sprite support. The keyboard support received careful attention, due to negative experiences with games that dropped keystrokes.

In June 2008, Apple released version 3.1.2, addressing a security vulnerability in the Windows version where visiting a malicious web site could force a download of executable files and execute them on the user's desktop. Safari 3.2, released on November 13, 2008, introduced anti-phishing features using Google Safe Browsing and Extended Validation Certificate support. The final version of Safari 3 is 3.2.

A computer virus is software usually hidden within another seemingly innocuous program that can produce copies of itself and insert them into other programs or files, and that usually performs a harmful action (such as destroying data). An example of this is a PE infection, a technique, usually used to spread malware, that inserts extra data or executable code into PE files.

In February 2019, a major security vulnerability in the unacev2.dll library which is used by WinRAR to decompress ACE archives was discovered. Consequently, WinRAR dropped the support for the ACE format from version 5.70. Self-extracting archives created with versions before 5.31 (including the executable installer of WinRAR itself) are vulnerable to DLL hijacking: they may load and use DLLs named UXTheme.

The "heart" of the executable is function INTEG which can solve differential equations using one of several numerical methods. First it reads necessary values (e.g. values of parameters, initial conditions) from files then it calls the function DERIV where the model is actually described as series of functions of its derivatives. The returned values are used at the selected numerical method.

LiveCode project files are binary-compatible across platforms. They inherit each platform's look-and-feel and behaviors. Buttons, scroll bars, progress bars and menus behave as expected on the target platform without any intervention on the part of the one authoring a LiveCode application. Compiling a LiveCode "standalone" produces a single, executable file (minimum size ~1.5MB) for each platform targeted.

Some implementations of trampolines cause a loss of no-execute stacks (NX stack). In the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) in particular, a nested function builds a trampoline on the stack at runtime, and then calls the nested function through the data on stack. The trampoline requires the stack to be executable. No-execute stacks and nested functions are mutually exclusive under GCC.

Application directories are used to store applications. The OS differentiates them from normal directories through the use of an exclamation mark (also called a pling or shriek) prefix. Double-clicking on such a directory launches the application rather than opening the directory. The application's executable files and resources are contained within the directory, but normally they remain hidden from the user.

This result shows that NFAs, despite their additional flexibility, are unable to recognize languages that cannot be recognized by some DFA. It is also important in practice for converting easier-to-construct NFAs into more efficiently executable DFAs. However, if the NFA has n states, the resulting DFA may have up to 2n states, which sometimes makes the construction impractical for large NFAs.

DTM placement and deployment density is driven by the targeted needs of the respective utility. Remote Over-The-Air (OTA) updates / upgrades are supported by certain DTM device offerings. This OTA capability, when supported, allows the operator to perform remote configuration and / or executable code (i.e., Firmware) updates of the DTM device(s) without the need for costly truck rolls or unit replacement.

This version was introduced with Windows XP Professional and included support for 24-bit color and sound. The client is available for Windows 2000, Windows 9x, Windows NT 4.0. With this version, the name of the client was changed from Terminal Services Client to Remote Desktop Connection; the heritage remains to this day, however, as the underlying executable is still named mstsc.exe.

Slenfbot may spread to removable drives by creating a directory called “RECYCLER” in the root directory of the removable drive. The malware will then create a subdirectory in the “RECYCLER” folder (e.g. “S-1-6-21-1257894210-1075856346-012573477-2315”), and copy the malicious payload to the directory using a different name for the executable (e.g. “folderopen.exe”). Slenfbot may also create an autorun.

Effective communication is essential for ensuring patient safety. Communicating starts with the provisioning of available information on any operational site especially in mobile professional services. Communicating continues with the reduction of administrative burden, releasing the operating staff and easing the operational demand by model driven orders, thus enabling adherence to a well executable procedure finalised with a qualified minimum of required feedback.

Launched in May 2015, Overlook is a free web-based test plan management software. Its aim is to help teams create executable test plans for test-plan driven testing. Its features include creating and executing test plans, and iOS and Android readiness checklists. Like with its other product Damn Bugs, Crowdsourced Testing has launched a forum to collect user suggestions and requests.

Files within most formats can be viewed without explicitly unpacking them, and can be removed or renamed within the archive. ZIP files may be spanned; that is, written to any number of files with a fixed maximum size so that they can be placed on removable media. The program has integration, and can create self-extracting executable archives for redistribution without licensing fees.

On May 14 (the anniversary of Israeli independence day), a message saying "Free Palestine!" will be displayed if the system locale is set to Hebrew. The virus then rebuilds itself. This metamorphic process is very complex and accounts for around 90% of the virus' code. After the rebuild, the virus searches for executable files in folders on all fixed and remote drives.

Small programs could ignore the segmentation and just use plain 16-bit addressing. This allows 8-bit software to be quite easily ported to the 8086. The authors of most DOS implementations took advantage of this by providing an Application Programming Interface very similar to CP/M as well as including the simple .com executable file format, identical to CP/M.

To defeat this, a return-oriented programming attack does not inject malicious code, but rather uses instructions that are already present, called "gadgets", by manipulating return addresses. A typical data execution prevention cannot defend against this attack because the adversary did not use malicious code but rather combined "good" instructions by changing return addresses; therefore the code used would not be marked non-executable.

The Perl virtual machine is a stack-based process virtual machine implemented as an opcodes interpreter which runs previously compiled programs written in the Perl language. The opcodes interpreter is a part of the Perl interpreter, which also contains a compiler (lexer, parser and optimizer) in one executable file, commonly /usr/bin/perl on various Unix-like systems or perl.exe on Microsoft Windows systems.

Since the physical query plan consists of executable algorithms, it can be directly executed. For this, the physical query plan is installed into the system. The bottom of the graph (of the query plan) is connected to the incoming sources, which can be everything like connectors to sensors. The top of the graph is connected to the outgoing sinks, which may be for example a visualization.

Solidcore competitors in change detection and configuration control domain include Lumension, Tripwire, Cimcor, Bladelogic and Ionx. Solidcore competitors in the security domain include Carbon Black, Coretrace and Symantec. Its product for change prevention and security is based on white-listing of executables, which effectively locks down the operating system (MS Windows variants/Linux variants/Solaris/HP-UX...) by denying any arbitrary executable from running.

Administrative law in Cyprus has its foundations in Article 146 of the Constitution, which allows for the judicial review of executable administrative acts. Until recently, the competence of judicial review has been reserved for the exclusive jurisdiction of the Supreme Court. In 2015 a new law was passed instituting an Administrative Court to be composed by five judges. This will function as the first instance administrative Court.

Examples of artifacts include model files, source files, scripts, and binary executable files, a table in a database system, a development deliverable, a word-processing document, or a mail message. Artifacts are the physical entities that are deployed on Nodes (i.e. Devices and Execution Environments). Other UML elements such as classes and components are first manifested into artifacts and instances of these artifacts are then deployed.

A reference C library written by Eric Bainville was made available under the 3-clause BSD License after WWDC 2016. It includes an executable to compress and decompress LZFSE streams as well. There are no plans to expose an LZVN API. AppleFSCompression.framework (AFSC), the mechanism for quasi-transparent compression in HFS Plus and Apple File System, supports LZFSE and LZVN since OS X 10.9.

The GNU linker (or GNU ld) is the GNU Project's implementation of the Unix command ld. GNU ld runs the linker, which creates an executable file (or a library) from object files created during compilation of a software project. A linker script may be passed to GNU ld to exercise greater control over the linking process. The GNU linker is part of the GNU Binary Utilities (binutils).

A planned sequel, Ms. Gorf, was never released. It was programmed in the programming language Forth. The source code for the prototype is owned by Jamie Fenton. The game exists only as source code stored on a set of 8-inch floppy disks, and would require access to a development environment that no longer exists in order to compile it into executable machine code.

RapidQ features a bytecode compiler that produces standalone executables by binding the generated bytecode with the interpreter. No external run time libraries are needed; the bytecode interpreter is self-contained. The file sizes of executable files created by RapidQ are about 150 kilobytes or larger for console applications. RapidQ's author, William Yu, sold the source code to REAL Software, the makers of REALbasic, in 2000.

A version for the Nintendo Entertainment System was published by Camerica as part of a video game compilation Quattro Adventure. On 15 December 2004, Codemasters released a version of Treasure Island Dizzy for Microsoft Windows on the company's website. Available for download after registration, it was in fact the Commodore 64 version bundled with the CCS64 emulator in a single executable. The download is no longer available.

In-order traversal of the results does yield the same sorted array. Q3←{1≥≢⍵:⍵ ⋄ (⊂∇ ⍵⌿⍨0>s)⍪(⊂⍵⌿⍨0=s)⍪⊂∇ ⍵⌿⍨0 The above formulation is not new; see for example Figure 3.7 of the classic The Design and Analysis of Computer Algorithms. However, unlike the pidgin ALGOL program in Figure 3.7, is executable, and the partial order used in the sorting is an operand, the the examples above.

A limited-function version of the compiler, which allows one to compile source code and view any resulting error messages, but not to produce executable programs, is available from the company's web site. The compiler is available for both Unix and Microsoft Windows platforms. Comeau also offers custom ports to other platforms, albeit that this is substantially more expensive than buying existent versions of the compiler.

In the Unified Modeling Language, an action is a named element that is the fundamental unit of executable functionality. The execution of an action represents some transformation or processing in the modeled system. An action execution represents the run-time behavior of executing an action within a specific behavior execution. All action executions will be executions of specific kinds of actions because action is an abstract class.

Static linking must be performed when any modules are recompiled. All of the modules required by a program are sometimes statically linked and copied into the executable file. This process, and the resulting stand-alone file, is known as a static build of the program. A static build may not need any further relocation if virtual memory is used and no address space layout randomization is desired.

In the GNU Compiler Collection (gcc), the entry point used by the linker is the `_start` symbol. Similarly, in the Portable Executable format, used in Microsoft Windows, the entry point is specified by the `AddressOfEntryPoint` field, which is inherited from COFF. In COM files, the entry point is at the fixed offset of 0100h. One exception to the single-entry-point paradigm is Android.

Logitech has released Unifying receiver firmware updates as new exploits were reported. For Linux users there are native options to flash and experiment with such as fwupd and MouseJack. However, with these tools a separate firmware binary is still required. Flashing on a Linux host via a hypervisor such as VirtualBox along with a Windows virtual guest image and the Windows Logitech update executable is also possible.

Open-source software can also be commercialized from selling services, such as training, technical support, or consulting, rather than the software itself. Another possibility is offering open-source software in source code form only, while providing executable binaries to paying customers only, offering the commercial service of compiling and packaging of the software. Also, providing goods like physical installation media (e.g., DVDs) can be a commercial service.

As part of its Trustworthy Computing initiative, Microsoft took corrective steps to fix Outlook's reputation in Office Outlook 2003. Among the most publicized security features are that Office Outlook 2003 does not automatically load images in HTML emails or permit opening executable attachments by default, and includes a built-in Junk Mail filter. Service Pack 2 has augmented these features and adds an anti-phishing filter.

LMD can quarantine malware and it can clean software that contains malicious code. The executable command of LMD is maldet. Typical command invocations are maldet -d to check for later versions, maldet -u to check for malware signature updates and maldet -a to scan the file system of the server on which LMD resides. Checking for malware signature updates is typically done in an automated manner.

This is only a small feature of managing the build process. The compilation function turns source files into directly executable or intermediate objects. Not every project will require this function. While for simple programs the process consists of a single file being compiled, for complex software the source code may consist of many files and may be combined in different ways to produce many different versions.

It is accessible via the same key binds. The Multics shell includes a `run` command to run a command in an isolated environment.Multics Commands The DEC TOPS-10 and TOPS-20 Command Processor included a `RUN` command for running executable programs. In the BASIC programming language, `RUN` is used to start program execution from direct mode, or to start an overlay program from a loader program.

FLEXlm was originally a joint development by GLOBEtrotter Software and Highland Software in 1988. Highland's rights to the FLEXlm product were acquired by GLOBEtrotter in 1994; Highland continued as a reseller of 3rd party software. GLOBEtrotter was then acquired by Macrovision in 2000. Combining features from the Safecast protection system and FLEXlm, FlexNet featured product activation and executable wrapping, supporting floating licensing and node locked licensing models.

In computing, Stalin (STAtic Language ImplementatioN) is a programming language, an aggressive optimizing batch whole-program Scheme compiler written by Jeffrey Mark Siskind. It uses advanced data flow analysis and type inference and a variety of other optimization methods to produce code. Stalin is intended for production use in generating an optimized executable. The compiler runs slowly, with little or no support for debugging or other niceties.

In computer science, pointer swizzling is the conversion of references based on name or position to direct pointer references. It is typically performed during the deserialization (loading) of a relocatable object from disk, such as an executable file or pointer-based data structure. The reverse operation, replacing pointers with position-independent symbols or positions, is sometimes referred to as unswizzling, and is performed during serialization (saving).

Resource Monitor includes an improved RAM usage display and supports display of TCP/IP ports being listened to, filtering processes using networking, filtering processes with disk activity and listing and searching process handles (e.g. files used by a process) and loaded modules (files required by an executable file, e.g. DLL files). Microsoft Magnifier, an accessibility utility for low vision users has been dramatically improved.

The only version of Lotus 1-2-3 offered for the Tandy 2000 was Release 1A. This was customized to take advantage of the unique hardware of the computer, including its full 768K of RAM, high resolution color graphics, and two extra function keys. Release 1A's executable code was about 60 KB smaller than the later Release 2, which provided greater macro programming facilities.

Upon startup, CleanSweep loads three components, each of which tracks and logs changes made to aid in uninstallation. If the program has not been monitored CleanSweep can be pointed to the main executable file or the main program group. It also comprises several "wizards" to simplify common PC tuneup activities. The "Smart Sweep" module takes care of monitoring all the setup programs being run.

The Specification and Description Language (SDL) is a modeling language standardized by ITU-T to describe communicating systems. SDL is graphical but contains an action language with a semantic of execution making the SDL models executable. SDL is considered formal because it is complete and non-ambiguous. SDL-RT is a variant of SDL where the action language is replaced by C or C++ instructions.

Extreme Paintbrawl is a paintball video game released for DOS/Microsoft Windows on October 31, 1998. The game uses a modified version of the Duke Nukem 3D: Atomic Edition v1.5 executable. The game is considered to be one of the worst video games ever made. Extreme Paintbrawl was developed in two weeks, with a soundtrack by musician Todd Duane, who sent his demo tracks to Head Games.

Modularity is achieved to various extents by different modularization approaches. Code-based modularity allows developers to reuse and repair parts of the application, but development tools are required to perform these maintenance functions (e.g. the application may need to be recompiled). Object-based modularity provides the application as a collection of separate executable files that may be independently maintained and replaced without redeploying the entire application (e.g.

Patches for proprietary software are typically distributed as executable files instead of source code. When executed these files load a program into memory which manages the installation of the patch code into the target program(s) on disk. Patches for other software are typically distributed as data files containing the patch code. These data files are read by a patch utility program which performs the installation.

SYS is also a command in Microsoft BASIC used to execute a machine language program in memory. The command took the form `SYS n` where n is a memory location where the executable code starts. Home computer platforms typically publicised dozens of entry points to built-in routines (such as Commodore's KERNAL) that were used by programmers and users to access functionality not easily accessible through BASIC.

The Trojan tries to avoid detection by hooking itself into atapi.sys. It also embeds itself in the Ntoskrnl.exe. Mebroot has no executable files, no registry keys, and no driver modules, which makes it harder to detect without antivirus software. In addition to running antivirus software, one can also remove the Trojan by wiping or repairing the master boot record, the hard drive, and the operating system.

Guaraná DSL is a domain-specific language (DSL) to design enterprise application integration (EAI) solutions at a high level of abstraction. The resulting models are platform-independent, so engineers do not need to have skills on a low-level integration technology when designing their solutions. Furthermore, this design can be re-used to automatically generate executable EAI solutions for different target technologies.Hassan A. et al.

Fortress' designers made its syntax as close as possible to pseudocode and analyzed hundreds of computer science and mathematics papers, courses, books and journals using pseudocode to extract the common usage patterns of the English language and standard mathematical notation when used to represent algorithms in pseudocode. Then they made the compiler trying to maintain a one-to-one correspondence between pseudocode and executable Fortress.

In some instances, the main executable drops both DLL and EXE components. In this case, the EXE is set to run at every Windows restart and the DLL is injected into "EXPLORER.EXE" by the "EXE" component. To ensure that it automatically runs every time Windows starts, it drops a copy of itself or its EXE component using a random file name into the %APPDATA% folder.

The case may also be, that though a recovery plan is technically feasible, it might not be political executable. The implication of the new strategy (6) ensues in the following sixth stage. It is a necessary determinant of organizational success and has to be a fundamental element of a valid turnaround model. Nevertheless, it is important to note, that no empirical study sets a certain turnaround strategy.

This Trojanware opens up an Internet Explorer browser to a predefined page (like to i.163vv.com/?96). Trojan Files with the LNK extension (expression) is a Windows shortcut to a malicious file, program, or folder. A LNK file of this family launches a malicious executable or may be dropped by other malware. These files are mostly used by worms to spread via USB drives (i.e.).

According to Navy Sea Systems Command, the recycling of Enterprise was delayed by the Navy until further information on "more technically executable, environmentally responsible" approaches to disposing of the aircraft carrier are available. On 10 April 2018, Newport News Shipbuilding announced that Enterprises inactivation process has been completed. Enterprise will be stored at Hampton Roads until disposal plans can be determined by the Navy.

We > use computational algorithms to express the methods used to analyze > dynamical phenomena. Expressing the methods in a computer language forces > them to be unambiguous and computationally effective. Formulating a method > as a computer-executable program and debugging that program is a powerful > exercise in the learning process. Also, once formalized procedurally, a > mathematical idea becomes a tool that can be used directly to compute > results.

Backlog refinement (formerly called grooming) is the ongoing process of reviewing product backlog items and checking that they are appropriately prepared and ordered in a way that makes them clear and executable for teams once they enter sprints via the sprint planning activity. Product backlog items may be broken into multiple smaller ones. Acceptance criteria may be clarified. Dependencies may be identified and investigated.

Exec Shield works on all x86 CPUs utilizing the Code Segment limit. Because of the way Exec Shield works, it is very lightweight; however, it won't fully protect arbitrary virtual memory layouts. If the CS limit is raised, for example by calling mprotect() to make higher memory executable, then the protections are lost below that limit. Ingo Molnar points this out in an e-mail conversation.

Norton Power Eraser (NPE) is a small portable executable which uses Norton Insight in-the-cloud application ratings to scan a computer system. What you should know before you run Power Eraser . The program matches an application found on the user's computer with a list of trusted and malicious applications. If it's in the list of trusted applications, Power Eraser leaves it on the system.

As of August 17, 2005, the Messenger Plus! website contained a petition to Microsoft's anti-spyware division regarding Windows Defender's (known as Microsoft AntiSpyware at the time) detection of the Messenger Plus! executable as spyware and subsequent warning that Messenger Plus! would attempt to install spyware at runtime (post-installation), rather than the setup program itself that contained the installer for the threat detected.

Devnull is the name of a computer worm for the Linux operating system that has been named after , Unix's null device. This worm was found on 30 September 2002. This worm, once the host has been compromised, downloads and executes a shell script from a web server. This script downloads a gzipped executable file named from the same address, and then decompresses and runs the file.

ICE Swap rateICE Swap Rate. replaced the rate formerly known as ISDAFIX in 2015. Swap Rate benchmark rates are calculated using eligible prices and volumes for specified interest rate derivative products. The prices are provided by trading venues in accordance with a “Waterfall” Methodology. The first level of the Waterfall (“Level 1”) uses eligible, executable prices and volumes provided by regulated, electronic, trading venues.

PaX flags data memory as non-executable and program memory as non-writable. This can help prevent some security exploits, such as those stemming from certain kinds of buffer overflows, by preventing the execution of unintended code. PaX also features address space randomization features to make return-to-libc (ret2libc) attacks statistically difficult to exploit. However, these features do not protect against attacks overwriting variables and pointers.

ASLR as provided in PaX shuffles the stack base and heap base around in virtual memory when enabled. It also optionally randomizes the mmap() base and the executable base of programs. This substantially lowers the probability of a successful attack by requiring the attacking code to guess the locations of these areas. Fig. 2 shows qualitative views of process' address spaces with address space layout randomization.

Bizagi can be used to automate processesBizagi winning BPM projects, 01/10/14 and has made available a set of executable process templates that can be downloaded from Bizagi. The templates include Help Desk Management, Six Sigma process management, Personal Loans request, Insurance Policy underwriting, Transactional process, among others. In 2013, Bizagi introduced widgets to add functionality to processes. These series of maps, pie charts, calculators etc.

OSX.Keydnap is initially downloaded as a Zip archive. This archive contains a single Mach-O file and a Resource fork containing an icon for the executable file, which is typically a JPEG or text file image. Additionally, the dropper takes advantage of how OS X handles file extensions by putting a space behind the extension of the file name for example – as “keydnap.jpg ” instead of “keydnap.jpg”.

In this way it may be called from the command line or via an executable file, and its editing functions, such as buffers and movement commands are available to the program just as in the normal mode. No user interface is presented when Emacs is started in batch mode; it simply executes the passed-in script and exits, displaying any output from the script.

A BinderHub lets you launch a publicly executable version of a Binder repository. Given a URL to a repository, it generates a new URL that anyone can visit in a browser to interact with a running version of the code in that repository. The public BinderHub, mybinder.org, load-balances Binder instances across a federation of contributing institutions, each of which is running its own BinderHub instance.

A newer implementation of the game was developed and shipped with NetWare Lite 1.1 in September 1991. Its NLSNIPES.EXE executable had a filesize of less than 18 KB. It was replaced by the NetWars 2.06 game, that came bundled with Personal NetWare 1.0 and Novell DOS 7 since late 1993\. In July 2016, a port of the original Snipes to the Simple Direct Media Layer became available.

Accordingly, some JTAG adapters have adaptive clocking using an RTCK (Return TCK) signal. Faster TCK frequencies are most useful when JTAG is used to transfer much data, such as when storing a program executable into flash memory. Clocking changes on TMS steps through a standardized JTAG state machine. The JTAG state machine can reset, access an instruction register, or access data selected by the instruction register.

Noncopylefted free software comes from the author with permission to redistribute and modify and to add license restrictions. If a program is free but not copylefted, then some copies or modified versions may not be free. A software company can compile the program, with or without modifications, and distribute the executable file as a proprietary software product. The X Window System illustrates this approach.

The Windows 98 Style of Microsoft Minesweeper In early versions of the game, a cheat code let players peek beneath the tiles. By the year 2000, the game had been given the name of Flower Field instead of Minesweeper in some translations of Windows 2000 (like the Italian version), featuring flowers instead of mines. Flower Fields gameplay was otherwise unchanged, as was the executable file name.

Zettair is a compact text search engine for indexing and search of HTML (or TREC) collections. It is an open source software developed by a group of researchers at RMIT University. Its primary feature is the ability to handle large document collections (100 GB and more). It has a single executable, which performs both on-the-fly indexing and searching, with a command-line interface.

Scala ( ) is a general-purpose programming language providing support for both object-oriented programming and functional programming. The language has a strong static type system. Designed to be concise, many of Scala's design decisions are aimed to address criticisms of Java. Scala source code is intended to be compiled to Java bytecode, so that the resulting executable code runs on a Java virtual machine.

While not strictly necessary (all these elements could be nodes in the graph store as well), using a separate stack is much more efficient. The C(ontrol)-stack holds return addresses for flow control. The runtime system, which is linked into every executable, has a `print` rule which prints a node to the output channel. When a program is executed, the `Start` node is printed.

Apple's delivery of Intel-based computers several months ahead of their previously announced schedule is another factor in this gap. Apple's Xcode 2.4 takes the concept of universal binaries even further, by allowing four-architecture binaries to be created (32- and 64-bit for both Intel and PowerPC), therefore allowing a single executable to take full advantage of the CPU capabilities of any Mac OS X machine.

Thus the main program executable was a .COM file which could only access 64 kB of memory. Users quickly learned they could make WordStar run dramatically faster by installing a RAM disk board, and copying the WordStar program files into it. WordStar would still access the "disk" repeatedly, but the far faster access of the RAM drive compared to a floppy disk yielded a substantial speed improvement.

Address space layout randomization (ASLR) is a computer security technique involved in preventing exploitation of memory corruption vulnerabilities. In order to prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to, for example, a particular exploited function in memory, ASLR randomly arranges the address space positions of key data areas of a process, including the base of the executable and the positions of the stack, heap and libraries.

Furthermore, an increasing interest is in simulating socio-technical systems where the impact of an emergency (e.g., due to a natural disaster) should be considered on both infrastructures and population. For this purpose, a novel approach is to adopt domain-specific modeling techniques in order to support representation of a crisis scenario as an executable model.De Nicola, Antonio; Tofani, Alberto; Vicoli, Giordano; Villani, Maria Luisa (2012).

As it is designed to be as close as possible to the DOS executable, it has no new features and lacks high resolution support. It supports OPL3 music emulation, as well as the standard MIDI output on its host operating system. It is a popular test engine for level designers, and among players who prefer unmodified Doom. By default, it simulates the behavior of doom.

Service Control Manager (SCM) is a special system process under the Windows NT family of operating systems, which starts, stops and interacts with Windows service processes. It is located in the `%SystemRoot%\System32\services.exe` executable. Service processes interact with SCM through a well-defined API, and the same API is used internally by the interactive Windows service management tools such as the MMC snap-in `Services.

The program was named Turochamp, a combination of their surnames. It is sometimes misreported as "Turbochamp". According to Champernowne, his wife played a simulated game against the program, nicknamed the "paper machine", and lost. Turing attempted to convert the program into executable code for the 1951 Ferranti Mark 1 computer in Manchester, but was unable to do so due to the complexity of the code.

For targeting code to the device, the Stream Processor Compiler (SPC) generates the VLIW executable and pre-processed C code that is compiled/linked via standard GCC for MIPS. SPC allocates streams in the Lane Register Files and provides dependency information for the kernel function calls. Software pipelining and loop unrolling are supported. Branch penalties are avoided by predicated selects and larger conditionals use conditional streams.

An icon editor resamples a source image to the resolution and color depth required for an icon. Other functions performed by icon editors are icon extraction from executable files (exe, dll), creation of icon libraries, or saving individual images of an icon. All icon editors can make icons for system files (folders, text files, etc.), and for web pages. These have a file extension of .

To make the rules executable by a rule engine, it is also necessary to implement the operations and conditions in a programming language. With a defined and implemented vocabulary, it is relatively easy to write rules in a BRMS. Changes can also be made quickly as long as they can be expressed in the existing vocabulary. If not, the vocabulary must be expanded accordingly.

The default ports used for the direct and reverse connections were 6666 and 9999 respectively, though the attacker had the option of changing these. Beast came with a built-in firewall bypasser and had the ability of terminating some Anti-Virus or firewall processes. It also came with a file binder that could be used to join two or more files together into one executable.

Mesquite is a software package primarily designed for phylogenetic analyses. It was developed as a successor to MacClade, when the authors recognized that implementing a modular architecture in MacClade would be infeasible. Mesquite is largely written in Java and uses NEXUS-formatted files as input. Mesquite is available as a compiled executable for Macintosh, Windows, and Unix-like platforms, and the source code is available on GitHub.

Immovable property may, however, be declared to be specifically executable at the time of judgment where there is a prayer to that effect. In such a case, the immovable property may be attached in the first instance without the necessity of attempting first to execute against moveable property. This often occurs in the context of provisional-sentence proceedings. The property must belong to the judgment debtor.

Several tools have sprung up that assist the simple deployment of PHP-GTK applications. PHP compilers such as PriadoBlender and Roadsend PHP (Currently only compatible with PHP-GTK 1, while latest snapshot includes PHP-GTK 2) enable the compilation of applications written in PHP-GTK to a standalone binary executable. Alan Knowles' PECL package, bcompiler, also allows compilation of PHP into bytecode to hide the source code.

The first product to be released using the New Executable format was Windows 1.0 in 1985, followed by the 1986 multitasking MS-DOS 4.0, which was a separate branch of MS-DOS development, released between mainstream MS- DOS versions 3.2 and 3.3, and sometimes referred to as "European MS-DOS 4.0". OS/2 1.0 was not released until 1987, but the "target operating system" field in the file header reserves value 01 for OS/2, and 02 for Windows, suggesting that the format was designed with OS/2 already in mind, the Joint Development Agreement between IBM and Microsoft for OS/2 having been signed in August 1985, a few months before Windows 1.0 was released in November 1985. The Portable Executable (PE) format replaced NE format in 32-bit and 64-bit versions of Windows, while Linear Executables (LX) replaced NE for 32-bit programs in OS/2.

If the operating system uses a swap file, the decompressed data has to be written to it to free up the memory instead of simply discarding unused data blocks and reloading them from the executable image if needed again. This is usually not noticeable, but it becomes a problem when an executable is loaded more than once at the same time—the operating system cannot reuse data blocks it has already loaded, the data has to be decompressed into a new memory block, and will be swapped out independently if not used. The additional storage and time requirements mean that it has to be weighed carefully whether to compress executables which are typically run more than once at the same time. Another disadvantage is that some utilities can no longer identify run-time library dependencies, as only the statically linked extractor stub is visible.

ThinApp converts standard application installers such as .msi files into self-contained EXE files which includes everything required to run. Also it is able to scan a system before and after an application's installation and create a portable executable based upon changes made to the systems files and registry. Unlike self-extracting ZIP files, ThinApp does not extract files to disk or require system registry changes in order to run applications.

Obata serves as the CEO of the corporation, which had become commonly known as Spoon since a rebranding in 2010. Turbo’s tools package conventional software applications for Microsoft Windows in a portable application format that can be delivered via a single executable or streamed over the web. Files and settings automatically synchronize across devices via Turbo’s patented virtualization technology which allows access to local files and printers from web-based applications.

Turbo Studio (formerly Spoon Studio and Xenocode Virtual Application Studio) is an application virtualization tool that runs on Microsoft Windows. The tool packages software applications into portable applications; these single executable files can be run instantly on any Windows computer. Turbo Studio emulates the operating system features that are necessary for applications to run and therefore reduces resource overhead. Turbo Studio allows the user to convert existing applications into virtual applications.

Many advocates of the language Forth call the process of creating a new implementation of Forth a meta- compilation and that it constitutes a metacompiler. The Forth definition of metacompiler is: :"A metacompiler is a compiler which processes its own source code, resulting in an executable version of itself." This Forth use of the term metacompiler is disputed in mainstream computer science. See Forth (programming language) and History of compiler construction.

A BMC program consists of a single application or a small set of applications (application suite) that runs as a single executable within one address space. BMC applications have direct access to the necessary hardware resources. They are self-contained, self- managed and self-controlled entities that boot, load and run without using any other software components or external software. BMC applications have inherent security due to their design.

Words written in Forth are compiled into an executable form. The classical "indirect threaded" implementations compile lists of addresses of words to be executed in turn; many modern systems generate actual machine code (including calls to some external words and code for others expanded in place). Some systems have optimizing compilers. Generally speaking, a Forth program is saved as the memory image of the compiled program with a single command (e.g.

The traditional Unix system does not have the functionality to create a new process running a new executable program in one step, which explains the importance of exec for Unix programming. Other systems may use spawn as the main tool for running executables. Its result is equivalent to the fork-exec sequence of Unix-like systems. POSIX supports the posix_spawn routines as an optional extension that usually is implemented using vfork.

File Explorer is a Windows component that can browse the shell namespace. In other words, it can browse disks, files and folder as a file manager would, but can also access Control Panel, dial-up network objects, and other elements introduced above. In addition, the `explorer.exe` executable, which is responsible for launching File Explorer, is also responsible for launching the taskbar, the Start menu and part of the desktop.

In the early days of the Longhorn project, an experimental sidebar, with plugins similar to taskbar plugins and a notifications history was built into the shell. However, when Longhorn was reset the integrated sidebar was discarded in favor of a separate executable file, sidebar.exe, which provided Web-enabled gadgets, thus replacing Active Desktop. Windows Vista introduced a searchable Start menu and live taskbar previews to the Windows shell.

Compression is not a built-in feature of the formats, however, the resulting archive can be compressed with any algorithm of choice. Several implementations include functionality to do this automatically Most implementations can optionally produce a self-extracting executable Per-file compression with gzip, bzip2, lzo, xz, lzma (as opposed to compressing the whole archive). An individual can choose not to compress already compressed filenames based on their suffix as well.

A hardware security module (HSM) contains one or more secure cryptoprocessor chips. These devices are high grade secure cryptoprocessors used with enterprise servers. A hardware security module can have multiple levels of physical security with a single- chip cryptoprocessor as its most secure component. The cryptoprocessor does not reveal keys or executable instructions on a bus, except in encrypted form, and zeros keys by attempts at probing or scanning.

This is especially true for simpler high level languages without (many) dynamic data structures, checks, or type- checks. In traditional compilation, the executable output of the linkers (.exe files or .dll files or a library, see picture) is typically relocatable when run under a general operating system, much like the object code modules are but with the difference that this relocation is done dynamically at run time, i.e.

Source embeddable languages embed small pieces of executable code inside a piece of free-form text, often a web page. Client-side embedded languages are limited by the abilities of the browser or intended client. They aim to provide dynamism to web pages without the need to recontact the server. Server-side embedded languages are much more flexible, since almost any language can be built into a server.

One of the earliest text entry interfaces was the punched card input. A punched card input is a computer input device used to read executable computer programs, source code, and data from punched cards. Most early computers used punched cards as their main input device. Along with a card punch, punched card readers were an earlier method of entering data and running programs before the current generation of input devices existed.

Because of the nature of some operating systems, some functions of the systems must necessarily be implemented as shell builtins. The most notable example is the `cd` command, which changes the working directory of the shell. Since each executable program runs in a separate process, and working directories are specific to each process, loading `cd` as an external program would not affect the working directory of the shell that loaded it.

This led to intense competition in certain fields, for example, in the development of sound tracking software and Tetris clones, with each group of developers trying to outdo the current state of the art. In fact, some demos even featured their source code as part of the executable to save hackers the trouble of disassembly, though it came strewn with incendiary comments for those who would seek to improve on it.

Matita Andrea Asperti, Wilmer Ricciotti, Claudio Sacerdoti Coen, Enrico Tassi. "The Matita Interactive Theorem Prover": CADE-23, LNCS 6803, 2011, pp. 64-69. is an experimental proof assistant under development at the Computer Science Department of the University of Bologna. It is a tool aiding the development of formal proofs by man-machine collaboration, providing a programming environment where formal specifications, executable algorithms and automatically verifiable correctness certificates naturally coexist.

This is in contrast to physical hardware, from which the system is built and actually performs the work. In computer science and software engineering, computer software is all information processed by computer systems, programs and data. Computer software includes computer programs, libraries and related non-executable data, such as online documentation or digital media. Computer hardware and software require each other and neither can be realistically used on its own.

Due to its ability to create or change executable code, OGNL is capable of introducing critical security flaws to any framework that uses it. Multiple Apache Struts 2 versions have been vulnerable to OGNL security flaws. As of October 2017, the recommended version of Struts 2 is 2.5.13. Users are urged to upgrade to the latest version, as older revisions have documented security vulnerabilities — for example, Struts 2 versions 2.3.

Apache suEXEC is a feature of the Apache web server. It allows users to run Common Gateway Interface (CGI) and Server Side Includes (SSI) applications as a different user. Normally, all web server processes run as the default web server user (often wwwrun, www-data, Apache or nobody). The suEXEC feature consists of a module for the web server and a binary executable which acts as a wrapper.

A syntax extension is defined by a compiled OCaml module, which is passed to the camlp4o executable along with the program to process. Camlp4 includes a domain-specific language as it provides syntax extensions which ease the development of syntax extensions. These extensions allow a compact definition of grammars (`EXTEND` statements) and quotations such as <:expr< 1 + 1 >>, i.e. deconstructing and constructing abstract syntax trees in concrete syntax.

If the system detects inactivity lasting longer than the time specified in the control panel, check if the active program is a simple program (and not another screensaver) by sending the "`WM_SYSCOMMAND`" message with the "`SC_SCREENSAVE`" argument. If the program calls in response the standard system function (`DefWindowProc`), the screensaver defined in the control panel screen runs. A Windows screensaver is a regular Portable Executable (PE) with the `.scr` file extension.

Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) is a compatibility layer for running Linux binary executables (in Executable and Linkable Format) natively on Windows 10 and Windows Server 2019. In May 2019, WSL 2 was announced, introducing important changes such as a real Linux kernel, through a subset of Hyper-V features. Since June 2019, WSL 2 is available to the Windows 10 customers through the Windows Insider program, including the Home edition.

ZENworks Application Virtualization is an application virtualization solution that allows users to build highly portable virtual Windows applications that run like common executable files. Virtual applications are self-contained and include an isolated sandbox that interfaces with the operating system registry indirectly. Virtualized applications run without an agent/server architecture and without a local client install. The technology also supports application streaming, a form of on-demand application distribution.

The multi-domain simulation environment may be used in early development stages for validation of executable specifications at application/mission level and perform architectural optimization at overall system level. MLDesigner can be used to design missions, systems, integrated circuits, reconfigurable electronics and miscellaneous other products. It can be applied for modeling, simulation and optimization of automotive, avionics and space systems, satellite communication systems and organizational, production, and development processes.

Max then tells Leo that he has found something in Anita's code: they discover David Elster had left executable code within Mia's programming. They find Doctor Millican, who helps them extract it. Leo connects himself with his laptop and tries to run the program. Niska finds a "Smash club" where synths are savagely beaten for entertainment and starts attacking the humans there with a baseball bat; she is cornered by police.

SmartDrive (or SMARTDRV) is a disk caching program shipped with MS-DOS versions 4.01 through 6.22 and Windows 3.0 through Windows 3.11. It improves data transfer rates by storing frequently accessed data in random-access memory (RAM). Early versions of SmartDrive were loaded through a device driver named . Versions 4.0 and later were loaded through an executable file named , which could be run at user's discretion or at boot time via .

The `od` program can display output in a variety of formats, including octal, hexadecimal, decimal, and ASCII. It is useful for visualizing data that is not in a human-readable format, like the executable code of a program, or where the primary form is ambiguous (e.g. some Latin, Greek and Cyrillic characters looking similar). `od` is one of the earliest Unix programs, having appeared in version 1 AT&T; Unix.

Computer systems that rely on dynamic library linking, instead of static library linking, share executable libraries of machine instructions across packages and applications. In these systems, complex relationships between different packages requiring different versions of libraries results in a challenge colloquially known as "dependency hell". On Microsoft Windows systems, this is also called "DLL hell" when working with dynamically linked libraries. Good package management is vital on these systems.

The IBM 5100 is based on a 16-bit processor module called PALM (Put All Logic in Microcode). The IBM 5100 Maintenance Information Manual also referred to the PALM module as the controller. The PALM could directly address 64 KiB of memory. Some configurations of the IBM 5100 had Executable ROS (ROM) and RAM memory totalling more than 64 KiB, so a simple bank switching scheme was used.

Executable instructions are contained within a system "instruction object". Since instructions are bit-aligned a 16-bit bit displacement into the instruction object allows the object to contain up to 8192 bytes of instructions (65,536 bits). Instructions consist of an operator, consisting of a class and an opcode, and zero to three operand references. "The fields are organized to present information to the processor in the sequence required for decoding".

A firewall can be configured to allow different security policies for each network. Unlike network firewalls, many personal firewalls are able to control network traffic allowed to programs on the secured computer. When an application attempts an outbound connection, the firewall may block it if blacklisted, or ask the user whether to blacklist it if it is not yet known. This protects against malware implemented as an executable program.

Rybka has been accused of being based on Fruit, but Rajlich has denied this categorically,Is Rybka a derivative of Fruit?. Rybkaforum.net. Retrieved on October 12, 2013. saying that Rybka is 100% original at the source code level. Further allegations of violating the GPL have been brought forward by chess programmer Zach Wegner based on a new decompilation effort and a one-year study of the Rybka 1.0 executable.

SQ (squeeze) is a computer program, devised by Richard (Dick) Greenlaw circa 1981, which was used in the early 1980s on both DOS and CP/M computer systems to compress files so they use less space. Files compressed by SQ are identified by changing the middle initial of the extension to "Q", so that text files ended with the extension .TQT, executable files ended with the extension .CQM or .

Contingency Planning: Contingency planning creates plans in anticipation of future incidents based on the most current information. A contingency is an incident that would involve national resources to prevent, protect, respond, or recover from terrorist attacks or natural disasters. Crisis Action Planning: Crisis action planning occurs in response to a credible threat or incident. It occurs in a time-compressed environment with the objective of developing an executable plan.

The RTI services are defined in the HLA Interface Specification. They are grouped into seven service groups. In addition to these services, the Management Object Model (MOM) provides services that makes it possible to inspect and adjust the state of the federation programmatically. Most RTIs consist of a Central RTI Component (CRC), which is an executable and Local RTI Components (LRCs), which are libraries that are used by the federates.

The main aspects of PCC can be summarized in the following steps: # The supplier provides an executable program with various annotations produced by a certifying compiler. # The consumer provides a verification condition, based on a security policy. This is sent to the supplier. # The supplier runs the verification condition in a theorem prover to produce a proof to the consumer that the program in fact satisfies the security policy.

Early versions of MASM generated object modules using the OMF format, which was used to create binaries for MS-DOS or OS/2. Since version 6.1, MASM is able to produce object modules in the Portable Executable (PE/COFF) format. PE/COFF is compatible with recent Microsoft C compilers, and object modules produced by either MASM or the C compiler can be routinely intermixed and linked into Win32 and Win64 binaries.

Languages such as the Concurrent Description Language (CDL) separate an application's macroscopic logic (communication, synchronization and arbitration) from complex multi-threaded and/or multi-process applications into a single contiguous visual representation. The prescriptive nature of this description means that it can be machine translated into an executable framework that may be tested for structural integrity (detection of race conditions, deadlocks etc.) before the microscopic logic is available.

Instructions (statements) in assembly language are generally very simple, unlike those in high-level languages. Generally, a mnemonic is a symbolic name for a single executable machine language instruction (an opcode), and there is at least one opcode mnemonic defined for each machine language instruction. Each instruction typically consists of an operation or opcode plus zero or more operands. Most instructions refer to a single value or a pair of values.

While convenient, and required by many prepackaged scripts, it opens the server to attack if a remote user can upload executable code with the proper extension. In the case of HTTP PUT or POSTs, the user-submitted data are provided to the program via the standard input. The Web server creates a subset of the environment variables passed to it and adds details pertinent to the HTTP environment.

Many new gameplay features included in Creatures 2 not present in the original game include a new physics model and a global weather system, along with brand new applets and a world twice the size of the Creatures 1 world. The executable file for the game was in fact an interpreter for its scripting language, thus allowing users to make total conversions or derivative works from the game.

In formal methods, program refinement is the verifiable transformation of an abstract (high-level) formal specification into a concrete (low-level) executable program. Stepwise refinement allows this process to be done in stages. Logically, refinement normally involves implication, but there can be additional complications. The progressive just-in-time preparation of the product backlog (requirements list) in agile software development approaches, such as Scrum, is also commonly described as refinement.

Therefore, this model will not deadlock. When Spin analyzes a model like the above, it will verify the choices with a non-deterministic algorithm, where all executable choices will be explored. However, when Spin's simulator visualizes possible non verified communication patterns, it may use a random generator to resolve the "non-deterministic" choice. Therefore, the simulator may fail to show a bad execution (in the example, there is no bad trail).

Executable-infecting viruses are dependent on users exchanging software or boot-able floppies and thumb drives so they spread rapidly in computer hobbyist circles. The first worms, network-borne infectious programs, originated not on personal computers, but on multitasking Unix systems. The first well-known worm was the Internet Worm of 1988, which infected SunOS and VAX BSD systems. Unlike a virus, this worm did not insert itself into other programs.

Here are some links to online resources for tree/hypertree decomposition in general. # Treewidthlib: A benchmark for algorithms for Treewidth and related graph problems # A C++ implementation used in the paper "A complete Anytime Algorithm for Treewidth, Vibhav Gogate and Rina Dechter, UAI 2004." The link is to the author homepage, where both LINUX source and Windows executable is distributed. # An implementation of Hypertree Decomposition, using several heuristics.

The encrypted text is then stored in a string variable as part of the program. To shroud the would-be visible and noticeable text it is compressed with the simple Lzw before final storage. As the Macintosh Common Lisp compiler compresses the main program code into the executable, this was not that necessary. In order to prevent a second running of the program it corrupts itself when run.

The Ciao compiler (which can be run outside the top level shell) generates several forms of architecture-independent and stand-alone executables, which run with speed, efficiency and executable size which are very competitive with other high-level languages in general and in particular with commercial and academic Prolog/CLP systems. Modules can be compiled into compact bytecode or C source files, and linked statically, dynamically, or autoloaded.

In macOS, the Mach-O file format is the native executable format. However, PEF is still supported on PowerPC-based Macintoshes running Mac OS X and is used by some Carbon applications ported from earlier versions for classic Mac OS, so that the same binary can be run on classic Mac OS and Mac OS X. BeOS on PowerPC systems also uses PEF, although x86 systems do not.

Such an approach saves FASM sources from compiling problems often present in many assembly projects. On the other hand, it makes it harder to maintain a project that consists of multiple separately compiled source files or mixed-language projects. However, there exists a Win32 wrapper called FA, which mitigates this problem. FASM projects can be built from one source file directly into an executable file without a linking stage.

Several studies on BitTorrent have indicated that there exist files, containing malware, available for download via BitTorrent. In particular, one small sample indicated that 18% of all executable programs available for download contained malware. Another study claims that as much as 14.5% of BitTorrent downloads contain zero-day malware, and that BitTorrent was used as the distribution mechanism for 47% of all zero-day malware they have found.

It also contained an executable version along with source code for an unfinished game, Jack Claw, and a pre-order for their upcoming game, Splot. On 4 December 2015, the company announced Shadwen, a stealth game where time moves only when the player moves. On 28 May 2019, the company announced a new upcoming game Starbase, a Sci-FI MMO that was allegedly in development in secret for 5 years prior.

Massalin's first breakthrough product came while studying at Columbia. Massalin developed Synthesis, an operating system kernel that allocated resources, ran security and low-level hardware interfaces, and created executable code to improve performance. Synthesis optimized critical operating system code using run-time information, which was a new insight previous thought impractical. To support Synthesis, Massalin invented object-like data structures called Quajects, which contain both data and code information.

Like other software, game development programs are generated from source code to the actual program (called the executable) by a compiler. Source code can be developed with almost any text editor, but many professional game programmers use a full integrated development environment. Once again, which IDE one uses depends on the target platform. In addition to IDEs, many game development companies create custom tools developed to be used in-house.

In computer programming, the block starting symbol (abbreviated to .bss or bss) is the portion of an object file, executable, or assembly language code that contains statically-allocated variables that are declared but have not been assigned a value yet. It is often referred to as the "bss section" or "bss segment". Typically only the length of the bss section, but no data, is stored in the object file.

The total size of the compressed file and decompressor (as a Win32 or Linux executable) must not be larger than 99% of the previous prize winning entry. For each one percent improvement, the competitor wins 5,000 euros. The decompression program must also meet execution time and memory constraints, currently 100 hours on 1 core of a 3 GHz CPU with 10 GB memory. These constraints may be relaxed in the future.

RavMonE is a worm written in the Python scripting language and was converted into a Windows executable file using the Py2Exe tool. It attempts to spread by copying itself to mapped and removable storage drives. It can be transmitted by opening infected email attachments and downloading infected files from the Internet. It can also be spread through removable media, such as CD-ROMs, flash memory, digital cameras and multimedia players.

Elsie Gundwana bought a home through a loan provided by the bank, securing her debt by a mortgage bond on the property. When subsequently she fell into arrears, the bank obtained, by default judgement, an order declaring her property to be executable. The property was accordingly sold four years later. An order for eviction was sought against Ms Gundwana, and the matter ended up at the Constitutional Court.

Upon installing the Cleancode eMail, the `email` executable binary becomes available. This program offers features for sending email via SMTP. It supports SMTP AUTH (via the LOGIN and PLAIN mechanisms), MIME attachments, an address book, encryption of both transport (via TLS) and message (via PGP), and digital signatures (via PGP). It can be easily used for sending email from the command line, or via shell scripts or other software packages.

A common approach is to implement production systems to support forward or backward chaining. Each rule (‘production’) binds a conjunction of predicate clauses to a list of executable actions. At run-time, the rule engine matches productions against facts and executes (‘fires’) the associated action list for each match. If those actions remove or modify any facts, or assert new facts, the engine immediately re-computes the set of matches.

The VCL was an early adopter of dependency injection or inversion of control; it uses a re-usable component model, extensible by the developer. With class helpers new functionality can be introduced to core RTL and VCL classes without changing the original source code of the RTL or VCL. The compiler is optimizing and single pass. It can optionally compile to a single executable which does not require DLLs.

Proper implementations of ASLR, like that included in grsecurity, provide several methods to make such brute force attacks infeasible. One method involves preventing an executable from executing for a configurable amount of time if it has crashed a certain number of times. Android, and possibly other systems, implement Library Load Order Randomization, a form of ASLR which randomizes the order in which libraries are loaded. This supplies very little entropy.

Because the method is loaded at runtime, compilers are unable to do this. Only the runtime environment and JIT compiler know exactly which classes have been loaded, and so only they are able to make decisions about when to inline, whether or not the method is final.Java theory and practice: Is that your final answer? Machine code compilers that generate directly executable, platform-specific machine code, are an exception.

Passengers and mail are transported between different cities and tourist attractions, and may use several methods of transportation to reach their destinations. The Simutrans executable can run many different paksets, which is a package containing files called paks. Paks are files with graphic and data files that Simutrans uses to determine the objects in the game, their resolution, appearance, and behavior. Gaming experience is therefore very dependent on the pakset used.

It also includes a multithreaded build engine (MSBuild) to compile multiple source files (and build the executable file) in a project across multiple threads simultaneously. It also includes support for compiling icon resources in PNG format, introduced in Windows Vista. An updated XML Schema designer was released separately some time after the release of Visual Studio 2008. Visual Studio Debugger includes features targeting easier debugging of multi-threaded applications.

COMMAND.COM running in the NTVDM of Windows 8 NTVDM is a system component of all IA-32 editions of the Windows NT family since 1993 which allows execution of 16-bit Windows and 16-bit / 32-bit DOS applications. It is not included with 64-bit versions. The Windows NT 32-bit user-mode executable which forms the basis for a single DOS (or Windows 3.x) environment is called `ntvdm.exe`.

These tools take the executable output by an optimizing compiler and optimize it even further. Post-pass optimizers usually work on the assembly language or machine code level (in contrast with compilers that optimize intermediate representations of programs). One such example is the Portable C Compiler (pcc) of the 1980s, which had an optional pass that would perform post-optimizations on the generated assembly code.Aho, Sethi, and Ullman, Compilers, p. 736.

Sality is a family of polymorphic file infectors, which target Windows executable files with the extensions .EXE or .SCR. Sality utilizes polymorphic and entry-point obscuring (EPO) techniques to infect files using the following methods: not changing the entry point address of the host, and replacing the original host code at the entry point of the executable with a variable stub to redirect execution to the polymorphic viral code, which has been inserted in the last section of the host file; the stub decrypts and executes a secondary region, known as the loader; finally, the loader runs in a separate thread within the infected process to eventually load the Sality payload. Sality may execute a malicious payload that deletes files with certain extensions and/or beginning with specific strings, terminates security-related processes and services, searches a user’s address book for e-mail addresses to send spam messages, and contacts a remote host.

The system assembler accepts many cases of such pseudo-instructions, as logical equivalents to the canonical System/360 instructions. The canonical instance of BR 14 is BCR 15,14. The linkage convention for OS/360 and its descendants requires that a program be invoked with register 14 containing the address to return control to when complete, and register 15 containing the address at which the called program is loaded into memory; at completion, the program loads a return code in register 15, and then branches to the address contained in register 14. But, initially IEFBR14 was not coded with these characteristics in mind, as IEFBR14 was initially used as a dummy control section, one which simply returned to the caller, not as an executable module. The original version of the program did not alter register 15 at all as its original application was as a placeholder in certain load modules which were generated during Sysgen (system generation), not as an executable program, per se.

Copyleft licenses are institutions which support a knowledge commons of executable software. Copyleft licenses grant licensees all necessary rights such as right to study, use, change and redistribute—under the condition that all future works building on the license are again kept in the commons. Popular applications of the 'copyleft' principle are the GNU Software Licenses (GPL, LGPL and GFDL by Free Software Foundation) and the share-alike licenses under creative commons.

It did so by purchasing one in order to decompile the executable code of three Genesis games. Such information was used to program their new Genesis cartridges in a way that would allow them to disable the security lockouts on the Genesis that prevented unlicensed games from being played., 977 F.2d 1510 (9th Cir. 1992) This strategy was used successfully to bring Ishido: The Way of Stones to the Genesis in 1990.

A model-transformation- oriented virtual machine has been defined and implemented to provide execution support for ATL while maintaining a certain level of flexibility. As a matter of fact, ATL becomes executable simply because a specific transformation from its metamodel to the virtual machine bytecode exists. Extending ATL is therefore mainly a matter of specifying the new language features execution semantics in terms of simple instructions: basic actions on models (elements creations and properties assignments).

Automise is a commercial task automation tool for Windows. Developed by VSoft Technologies, Automise offers a graphical user interface for automating repetitive tasks through the creation of Automise projects. Automise includes a library of 390 built in actions which can be combined with point-and-click to develop automation projects. Automise automation projects can be run using the Automise IDE, Automise command line executable or the free run-time version called Automise Runner.

This was enough to take first place in the November 2012 list by the TOP500 organization, but Tianhe-2 overtook it on the June 2013 list. Titan was available for any scientific purpose; access depends on the importance of the project and its potential to exploit the hybrid architecture. Any selected programs must also be executable on other supercomputers to avoid sole dependence on Titan. Six vanguard programs were the first selected.

In simulation theory, current literature distinguishes between Composability of Models and Interoperability of Simulation. Modeling is understood as the purposeful abstraction of reality, resulting in the formal specification of a conceptualization and underlying assumptions and constraints. Modeling and simulation (M&S;) is in particular interested in models that are used to support the implementation of an executable version on a computer. The execution of a model over time is understood as the simulation.

Arden syntax is a markup language used for representing and sharing medical knowledge. This clinical and scientific knowledge language is used in an executable format by clinical decision support systems to generate alerts, interpretations, and to screen and manage messages to clinicians. This syntax is used to share medical knowledge within and across many health service institutions. Rule sets, called Medical Logic Modules, comprise enough logic to make a single medical decision.

The operating system intercepts the page fault, loads the required memory page, and the application continues as if no fault had occurred. This scheme, known as virtual memory, allows in-memory data not currently in use to be moved to disk storage and back in a way which is transparent to applications, to increase overall memory capacity. On some systems, the page fault mechanism is also used for executable space protection such as W^X.

Aside from the core executable, LiteStep is made up of modules, some of which are included with the initial installation. Other modules, which a theme may require to function properly, are automatically downloaded. The modules and core provide users with the ability to create anything from minimal environments, to elaborate and heavily scripted desktops. Customizations are provided in the form of themes, which may be created or modified with a text editor.

Otherwise it would attempt to find an executable file on the currently logged disk drive and (in later versions) user area, load it, and pass it any additional parameters from the command line. These were referred to as "transient" programs. On completion, CP/M would reload the part of the CCP that had been overwritten by application programs — this allowed transient programs a larger memory space. The commands themselves could sometimes be obscure.

DOS/32 is an advanced 32-bit DOS extender created for replacing DOS/4GW extender and compatibles.TOOLS:DOS32A - DOSBoxWiki This extender can be used in various environments, from embedded systems to DOS emulators, by both developers and end users alike.About DOS/32 Advanced DOS Extender Unlike DOS/4GW, DOS/32 is free, open-source and can be extended to create a unique executable file that incorporates the extender memory tool and main application code.

Core fonts for the Web was a project started by Microsoft in 1996 to create a standard pack of fonts for the World Wide Web. It included the proprietary fonts Andalé Mono, Arial, Arial Black, Comic Sans MS, Courier New, Georgia, Impact, Times New Roman, Trebuchet MS, Verdana and Webdings, all of them in TrueType font format packaged in executable files (".exe") for Microsoft Windows and in BinHexed Stuff-It archives (".sit.hqx") for Macintosh.

A virtual finite state machine (VFSM) is a finite state machine (FSM) defined in a Virtual Environment. The VFSM concept provides a software specification method to describe the behaviour of a control system using assigned names of input control properties and of output actions. The VFSM method introduces an execution model and facilitates the idea of an executable specification. This technology is mainly used in complex machine control, instrumentation and telecommunication applications.

As previously noted, the Java platform is an exception to the general rule that an operating system is a software platform. The Java language typically compiles to a virtual machine: a virtual CPU which runs all of the code that is written for the language. This enables the same executable binary to run on all systems that implement a Java Virtual Machine (JVM). Java programs can be executed natively using a Java processor.

Due to Linux ELF format not supported by the PlayStation, conversion is required and a suggested path is to first convert the Linux kernel file to ECOFF, the NetYaroze native executable standard. This can be done with an enclosed tool called elf2ecoff inside the kernelsource. Next step would be to convert the ECOFF file to PS-EXE file, the format found on PlayStation game disks, after CDrom mastering a valid disk image. psxdev Forum.

In addition to using SMILE, educators can now create executable programs on mobile devices to help facilitate learning in the classroom. SMILE workshops on Music, Language Arts, and Mathematics were implemented in Misiones and Talarin August 2011. By using an exploratory learning pedagogy, students were able to compose songs. The power of mobile devices to reach the last mile and the last school is most evident where electricity and internet access is not guaranteed.

The GNU Compiler Collection (GCC or GNU cc) is the default compiler for the mainline Linux sources and it's invoked by a utility called make. Then, the GNU Assembler (more often called GAS or GNU as) outputs the object files from the GCC generated assembly code. Finally, the GNU Linker (GNU ld) is used to produce a statically linked executable kernel file called vmlinux. as and ld are part of a package called GNU binutils.

Microsoft Phoenix defines an intermediate representation (IR) for programs, using ASTs, control flow graphs, and an exception handling model. For any program to be handled by Phoenix, it needs to be converted to this representation. The specification for these file type- specific converters, called file readers in Phoenix terminology, is also specified. Phoenix comes included with readers for Portable Executable binary files, CIL and the output of the Visual C++ front-end.

PC Pro Magazine, September 2008 issue, p. 109. In mid-2008, a Macintosh trojan exploiting a vulnerability involving Apple Remote Desktop was distributed via LimeWire affecting users of Mac OS X Tiger and Leopard.Firms discover Trojan horse targeted at Mac OS X. The ability to distribute such malware and viruses has also been reduced in versions of LimeWire 5.0 and greater, with the program defaulting to not share or search for executable files.

Secondly, it allows the executables also to be used as shared libraries, if they have a symbol table. Typical combined executable and shared library formats are ELF and Mach-O (both in Unix) and PE (Windows). In some older environments such as 16-bit Windows or MPE for the HP 3000 only stack-based data (local) was allowed in shared-library code, or other significant restrictions were placed on shared- library code.

Yet we do not want to wander too far off. A "great" idea must be executable and palatable. The NFS principle assures that our ideation will generate ideas that are sufficiently removed from our current situation in order to be interesting, while nevertheless close enough to our core competence in order to be feasible. The SIT thinking process uses the FFF procedure and the five thinking tools in order to generate new forms (virtual products).

VOS supports write, read, execute, and null (no) access to all files, directories and devices (although directories and files have slightly different access lists). Access can be assigned to users, groups, or the world. Only read access is required to run an executable program, provided that the user has "status" access for the directory in which that program resides. VOS inherited access control lists from Multics and also implements directory access control lists.

This leak contains 60 folders named in a way to serve as reference to tools likely used by Equation Group. The leak doesn't contain executable files, but rather screenshots of the tools file structure. While the leak could be a fake, the overall cohesion between previous and future leaks and references as well as the work required to fake such a fabrication, gives credibility to the theory that the referenced tools are genuine.

File Manager was included in OS/2 versions 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3.OS/2 1.1OS/2 1.2Microsoft OS/2 V1.3 The name of the executable was `PMFILE.EXE`. The original version of File Manager was a 16-bit program that supported the 8.3 file names that were in use at the time. It did not support the extended file names that became available in Windows 95 – including long file names and file names containing spaces.

A military policy is created through the military policy process of making important organisational decisions, including the identification of priorities and different alternatives such as defence personnel and technology programs or budget priorities, and choosing among them on the basis of the impact they will have on the overall national development. Defence policies can be understood as political, management, financial, administrative and executable mechanisms arranged to reach explicit military goals and objectives.

Appetizer has been reviewed by several websites and magazines. It was chosen as "freeware of the month" by UpdateStar in 2009 and was in the "top 10 of the best launchers" on Clubic. Clubic appreciated its ease of use and the small size of its executable. DownloadSquad reviewed Appetizer and noted that thanks to its open source nature, "it is easy for anyone to develop skins, plugins, or other features for the application".

Executable models (systems) are composed of modules and primitives, which are connected via typed in- and out-put ports and/or attributes (parameters, resources, memories, events). Modules can be composed of other modules and/or primitives. Primitives are the smallest units in MLDesigner models. The behaviour of primitives is either coded in ANSI C/C++ or modeled using Finite State Machines (FSM) and/or may exchange information with other simulators, internet based systems or hardware.

The "predefined" method loads the program counter (PC) directly with the address of some entry inside the interrupt vector table. The jump table itself contains executable code. While in principle an extremely short interrupt handler could be stored entirely inside the interrupt vector table, in practice the code at each entry is a single jump instruction that jumps to the full interrupt service routine (ISR) for that interrupt. The Intel 8080, Atmel AVRRoger L. Traylor.

Finally, a stand-alone Interactive Optimizer executable is provided for debugging and other purposes. The CPLEX Optimizer is accessible through independent modeling systems such as AIMMS, AMPL, GAMS, OptimJ and TOMLAB. In addition to that AMPL provides an interface to the CPLEX CP Optimizer. The full IBM ILOG CPLEX Optimization Studio consists of the CPLEX Optimizer for mathematical programming, the CP Optimizer for constraint programming, the Optimization Programming Language (OPL), and a tightly integrated IDE.

During compilation of CLI programming languages, the source code is translated into CIL code rather than into platform- or processor-specific object code. CIL is a CPU- and platform-independent instruction set that can be executed in any environment supporting the Common Language Infrastructure, such as the .NET runtime on Windows, or the cross-platform Mono runtime. In theory, this eliminates the need to distribute different executable files for different platforms and CPU types.

Subsequent work was done on the compiler after Bourne left Cambridge University in 1975. Garbage collection was added, and the code base is still running on an emulated OS/MVT using Hercules. The ALGOL 68C compiler generated output in ZCODE, a register-based intermediate language, which could then be either interpreted or compiled to a native executable. This ability to interpret or compile ZCODE encouraged the porting of ALGOL 68C to many different computing platforms.

Once a domain is modeled, it can be tested independent of the target implementation by executing the model. Each domain can be verified and validated independent of any other domain. This allows errors detected to be associated with the domain and independent of other system concerns. Verification will involve such things as human review of the models, performed by experts in the relevant domain, and automated checking of the Executable UML semantics. i.e.

GB USB flash drive For the purposes of this list, a portable application is software that can be used from portable storage devices such as USB flash drives, digital audio players, PDAs or external hard drives. To be considered for inclusion, an application must be executable on multiple computers from removable storage without installation, and without writing settings or data onto a computer's non-removable storage. This includes modified portable versions of non-portable applications.

The common way to make computer programs is to use a compiler to translate source code (written in some symbolic language) to machine code. The resulting executable is typically fast but, because it is specific to a hardware platform, it isn't portable. A different approach is to generate instructions for a virtual machine and to use an interpreter on each hardware platform. The interpreter instantiates the virtual machine environment and executes the instructions.

Numbered Panda continued to target Taiwan with spear phishing email campaigns with malicious attachments. Attached Microsoft Word documents exploited the vulnerability to help propagate HighTide. FireEye found that compromised Taiwanese government employee email accounts were used in some of the spear phishing. HighTide differs from Etumbot in that its HTTP GET request changed the User Agent, the format and structure of the HTTP Uniform Resource Identifier, the executable file location, and the image base address.

DVD Shrink is designed to be easy to use. It is contained within a single executable file that is one megabyte in size. The program features a DeCSS decryption algorithm, enabling it to open and decrypt many currently available DVDs, although it is defeated by some newer copy protection techniques. As well as this, it can open DVD files contained in a VIDEO_TS folder or a disk image (ISO, IMG, NRG or MDS/Ixx).

Later versions had special read conventions for incorporating non-executable comments and also for preserving read macros in unexpanded form. They also allowed special indentation conventions for special functions such as `if`.Ira Goldstein, "Pretty Printing : Converting List to Linear Structure", Artificial Intelligence Memo 279, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, February 1973. full textRichard C. Waters, "Using the new common Lisp pretty printer", ACM SIGPLAN Lisp Pointers 5:2:27-34, April–June 1992.

One of the worst scenarios in the world of viruses would be a tool allowing to create a new virus by modifying an existing one. For executable files, it is hard to create this kind of tool. But it is very simple for macro viruses since sources of macros are always available. Based on the same idea of polymorphic macros, a macro can perform modifications to all macros present in the document.

The sticky bit was introduced in the Fifth Edition of Unix (in 1974) for use with pure executable files. When set, it instructed the operating system to retain the text segment of the program in swap space after the process exited. This speeds up subsequent executions by allowing the kernel to make a single operation of moving the program from swap to real memory. Thus, frequently-used programs like editors would load noticeably faster.

XCFiles (from Datalight) is a proprietary, full-featured implementation, intended to be portable to 32-bit systems. Rtfs (from EBS Embedded Software) is a full-featured implementation for embedded devices. Two experimental, unofficial solutions are available for DOS. The loadable USBEXFAT driver requires Panasonic's USB stack for DOS and only works with USB storage devices; the open-source EXFAT executable is an exFAT file system reader, and requires the HX DOS extender to work.

If the disk is not accessible, an error window is displayed. It uses a combination of encryption software and an optical mark on the surface of the disk. The protection code is embedded into an executable file on the disk using a proprietary tool. This file, which is responsible for searching for the physical mark on the disk, is encrypted and gets multiple layers of protection against code analysis to impede reverse engineering.

The Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) is an open specification (technical standard) developed by Microsoft and standardized by ISO and EcmaISO/IEC 23271:2012 - Information technology -- Common Language Infrastructure (CLI)Standard ECMA-335 - 6th edition (June 2012) that describes executable code and a runtime environment that allows multiple high-level languages to be used on different computer platforms without being rewritten for specific architectures. This implies it is platform agnostic. The .NET Framework, .

1927 (Visual Studio 2019 Version 16.7) These version numbers refer to the major version number of the Visual C++ compilers and libraries, as can be seen from the installation directories. It does not refer to the year in the name of the Visual Studio release. A thorough list is available. Note that the C++ compiler executable version matches and is different from the version of the Visual C++ product as a whole.

The author of ThreadX (and the original author of the Nucleus RTOS in 1990) is William Lamie, who is President and CEO of Express Logic. The name ThreadX is derived from the threads that are used as the executable elements, and the letter X represents context switching, i.e., it switches threads. ThreadX provides priority-based, preemptive scheduling, fast interrupt response, memory management, interthread communication, mutual exclusion, event notification, and thread synchronization features.

The absolute address addressing mode can only be used with static variables, because those are the only kinds of variables whose location is known by the compiler at compile time. When the program (executable or library) is loaded into memory, static variables are stored in the data segment of the program's address space (if initialized), or the BSS segment (if uninitialized), and are stored in corresponding sections of object files prior to loading.

The heat event was essential due to the limited number of computers provided for the final event. However, this change in the competition format did not eliminate the need for marking based on hand- written programs. In 1998, the heat event was replaced by a pre-competition assessment. All participants were asked to work on the pre-competition assessment task and submit a floppy diskette containing the source code and executable of their programs.

A variety of Microsoft installation technologies use the CAB format: these include Windows Installer, Setup API, Device Installer and AdvPack (used by Internet Explorer to install ActiveX components). CAB files are also often associated with self-extracting programs like IExpress where the executable program extracts the associated CAB file. CAB files are also sometimes embedded into other files. For example, MSI and MSU files usually include one or more embedded CAB files.

YAML is purely a data-representation language and thus has no executable commands.A proposed "yield" tag will allow for simple arithmetic calculation. While validation and safe parsing is inherently possible in any data language, implementation is such a notorious pitfall that YAML's lack of an associated command language may be a relative security benefit. However, YAML allows language-specific tags so that arbitrary local objects can be created by a parser that supports those tags.

Cygwin provides a Unix-like environment on Windows, and both Perl and CPAN are available as standard pre- compiled packages in the Cygwin setup program. Since Cygwin also includes gcc, compiling Perl from source is also possible. A perl executable is included in several Windows Resource kits in the directory with other scripting tools. Implementations of Perl come with the MKS Toolkit, Interix (the base of earlier implementations of Windows Services for Unix), and UWIN.

The petition, which had 401,683 signatures and was 10,137 pages long in total, was sent to Redmond on September 20, 2005 stating that Messenger Plus! should not be labeled as being a threat. On September 23, 2005, just 3 days after the petition was mailed to Redmond from Canada, Microsoft released new definitions for Windows Defender that fixed the false threat detection affecting the Messenger Plus! executable together with other detection improvements.

The Morimoto Caverns as seen in The Journeyman Project The Journeyman Project was completed in 1992 and released in early 1993 after 2 years of development. The game impressed the gaming press with its use of high quality rendered environments, stylistic artwork and digital audio. Due to performance difficulties, the game was re-released in 1994 as Journeyman Project Turbo!, with an updated executable that drastically decreased loading times and improved animation quality.

Starting in late 2011, as part of Intel's Ultrabook initiative, an increasing number of ultra-thin laptops are being shipped with SSDs standard. There are also hybrid techniques such as hybrid drive and ReadyBoost that attempt to combine the advantages of both technologies, using flash as a high-speed non-volatile cache for files on the disk that are often referenced, but rarely modified, such as application and operating system executable files.

Once a metamodel has been created, GEMS plug-in generator can be invoked to create the modeling tool. The generated plug-in uses Eclipse's Graphical Editing Framework (GEF) and Draw2D plug-in to visualize the DSML as a diagram. GEMS extension points can be used to create an interpreter which traverses the domain-specific model and generates code. Interpreters can also interpret the model to provide executable semantics and perform complex analyses.

Change management programmes are desired to put the processes into practice. With advances in technology from larger platform vendors, the vision of business process models (BPM) becoming fully executable (and capable of round-trip engineering) is coming closer to reality every day. Supporting technologies include Unified Modeling Language (UML), model-driven architecture, and service-oriented architecture. Process modeling addresses the process aspects of an enterprise business architecture, leading to an all encompassing enterprise architecture.

The program is a driver executable which allows DOS programs to recognize, read, and control CD-ROMs using the High Sierra and – since version 2.0 as of 1988 – also the ISO 9660 file systems. This requires the previous loading of an appropriate CD-ROM device driver (example: OAKCDROM.SYS), usually from CONFIG.SYS. The final version of the MSCDEX program was 2.25, included with Windows 95 and used when creating bootable floppy disks with CD-ROM support.

The Extended Memory Specification (XMS) is the specification describing the use of IBM PC extended memory in real mode for storing data (but not for running executable code in it). Memory is made available by extended memory manager (XMM) software such as HIMEM.SYS. The XMM functions are accessible through interrupt 2Fh. XMS version 2.0 allowed for up to 64 MB of memory, with XMS version 3.0 this increased to 4 GB (232 bytes).

Cryptocurrencies, Smart Contracts and Decentralized Autonomous Organization are mentioned as means to replace traditional ways of governance. Cryptocurrencies are currencies, which are enabled by algorithms without a governmental central bank. Smart contracts are self-executable contracts, whose objectives are the reduction of need in trusted governmental intermediators, arbitrations and enforcement costs. A decentralized autonomous organization is an organization represented by smart contracts that is transparent, controlled by shareholders and not influenced by a central government.

Linux kernel boot and decompression process On Linux systems, `vmlinux` is a statically linked executable file that contains the Linux kernel in one of the object file formats supported by Linux, which includes ELF, COFF and a.out. The `vmlinux` file might be required for kernel debugging, symbol table generation or other operations, but must be made bootable before being used as an operating system kernel by adding a multiboot header, bootsector and setup routines.

Windows AppLocker allows administrators to control which executable files are denied or allowed to execute. With AppLocker, administrators are able to create rules based on file names, publishers or file location that will allow certain files to execute. Unlike the earlier Software Restriction Policies, which was originally available for Windows XP and Windows Server 2003, AppLocker rules can apply to individuals or groups. Policies are used to group users into different enforcement levels.

On older Macintoshes, a similar technique is used, where additional metadata can be added to a file's resource fork. Similar in concept are the application directories used in RISC OS and on the ROX Desktop. Examples of bundles that do not contain executable code include document packages (iWork documents) and media libraries (iPhoto Library). Bundles are programmatically accessed with the `NSBundle` class in Cocoa, NeXTSTEP and GNUstep's Foundation frameworks, and with `CFBundle` in Core Foundation.

Runit focuses on being a small, modular, and portable codebase. Runit is split into three stages: one time initialization, process supervision, and halting or rebooting. While the first and third stages must be adapted to the specific operating system they are running on, the second stage is portable across all POSIX compliant operating systems. The 3 stages can be configured through 3 executable files (they are usually shell scripts) named, respectively, 1, 2, and 3.

Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich provides address space layout randomization (ASLR) to help protect system and third party applications from exploits due to memory-management issues. Position-independent executable support was added in Android 4.1. Android 5.0 dropped non-PIE support and requires all dynamically linked binaries to be position independent. Library load ordering randomization was accepted into the Android open-source project on 26 October 2015, and was included in the Android 7.0 release.

Automatic code generation is based on use case-oriented, configurable and tested SW components, DAVE Apps. They are comparable to executable and configurable application notes that can be downloaded form the web just like apps for smart phones or tablet PCs. This environment is based on Eclipse, beside the "App approach" ordinary program development using C/C++ is available as well. Targets are XMC1xxx and XMC4xxx microcontrollers using ARM Cortex-M processors.

It focused on making shell programming practical, especially in large shared computing centers. It added shell variables (precursors of environment variables, including the search path mechanism that evolved into $PATH), user-executable shell scripts, and interrupt-handling. Control structures were extended from if/goto to if/then/else/endif, switch/breaksw/endsw, and while/end/break/continue. As shell programming became widespread, these external commands were incorporated into the shell itself for performance.

Enhanced Doom Gaming Engine, or EDGE, is a port derived from DOSDoom. EDGE was first released on June 20, 2000. The most attractive feature of EDGE is its DDF system, which describes all game behavior inside text files external to the executable file. As a result, it is popular among modders, who use the extensibility to add many new weapons and features with far fewer of the limits present in other source ports.

In the course of the market entry of more comfortable 3D CAD systems for the solid modelling of components a detailed evaluation of current systems is made in 1997. It is decided to use SolidWorks as reference system for the solid oriented NC planning with EXAPT. 1998 the first solution for the transfer of geometry data between SolidWorks and EXAPTplus is generated. The EXAPT organization systems are (beside SQL) also executable under Oracle now.

Spacemacs is a configuration framework for GNU Emacs. It can take advantage of all of GNU Emacs' features, including both graphical and command-line user interfaces, and being executable under X Window System and within a Unix shell terminal. It is free and open-source software (FOSS) released under the GNU General Public License version 3. Spacemacs consists mainly of configuration files, pre-defined internal commands, and configurations for various plug-ins (called 'packages').

PowerUP kernel is a multitasking kernel developed by Ralph Schmidt for Phase5 PowerPC accelerator boards. The kernel ran alongside the AmigaOS where PPC and 68k native software could run parallel. The PowerUP kernel used ELF as the executable format and supported runtime linking, relocations and custom sections; it used GCC as its default compiler. This caused controversy in the Amiga community when developers thought that phase5 was bringing "too Unixish stuff" to Amiga.

During 1937-1938 the brand was renamed to ESSO. Later in 1938, the new ESSO brand was printed on the cover sheet of the drivers manual.Handbuch für Kraftwagenfahrer, 5th edition 1937 In 1938, German-American Petroleum Company and Rhenania-Ossag, with the help of their non-executable foreign exchange reserves, took over half of Oelhag. At this time, the Standard Oil of New Jersey owned 94% of the German-American Petroleum Society.

With several variations of the modeling definitions (see Booch, Rumbaugh, Jacobson, Gane and Sarson, Harel, Shlaer and Mellor, and others) they were eventually joined creating the Unified Modeling Language (UML). Rational Rose, a product for UML implementation, was done by Rational Corporation (Booch) responding automation yield higher levels of abstraction in software development. This abstraction promotes simpler models with a greater focus on problem space. Combined with executable semantics this elevates the total level of automation possible.

The DFSG is focused on software, but the word itself is unclear—some apply it to everything that can be expressed as a stream of bits, while a minority considers it to refer to just computer programs. Also, the existence of PostScript, executable scripts, sourced documents, etc., greatly muddies the second definition. Thus, to break the confusion, in June 2004 the Debian project decided to explicitly apply the same principles to software documentation, multimedia data and other content.

An AppImage application can be added to a live CD by adding only one file to the live CD. AppImage files are simpler than installing an application. No extraction tools are needed, nor is it necessary to modify the operating system or user environment. Regular users on the common Linux distributions can download it, make it executable, and run it. AppImage allows generation of embedded digital signature, which need to be verified with an external utility.

Several developers have used yacc-based compilers or similar tools to translate the MLMs to an intermediate form which is executed later. Other developers use Prolog for both parsing and interpretation and optimising MLMs by converting them to single-assignment declarative form. The open source compiler Arden2ByteCode translates MLMs to Java Bytecode that is executable on the Java Virtual Machine. The accompanying plugin for Eclipse called Arden4Eclipse supports MLM developers with an integrated development environment (IDE).

Subject-oriented business process management (S-BPM) is a communication based view on actors (the subjects), which compose a business process orchestration or choreography. The modeling paradigm uses five symbols to model any process and allows direct transformation into executable form. Each business process consists of two or more subjects which exchange messages. Each subject has an internal behavior (capsulation), which is defined as a control flow between different states, which are receive and send message and do something.

The Basic is embeddable with an option to compile your applications to a small footprint executable. ScriptBasic has an open interface for module developers. There are several external modules developed by the developer of ScriptBasic as well as by other developers. These include data base connection handling for various database systems (MySQL, PostgreSQL, ODBC, Berkeley DB and others), binding to the library CURL, PNG graphics, GTK+ graphical user interface, sockets, regular expressions, thread support, data compression and CGI.

Compared to QuickBASIC, QBasic is limited to an interpreter only, lacks a few functions, can only handle programs of a limited size, and lacks support for separate program modules. Since it lacks a compiler, it cannot be used to produce executable files, although its program source code can still be compiled by a QuickBASIC 4.5, PDS 7.x or VBDOS 1.0 compiler, if available. QuickBASIC 1.00 for the Apple Macintosh operating system was launched in 1988.

These resources are then placed in a directory along with the executable code and "raw data". The directory (called a "bundle" or "application directory") is then presented to the user as the application itself. This solution provides all of the same functionality as the resource fork, but allows the resources to be easily manipulated by any application – a "resource editor" (like ResEdit) is not needed. From the command line interface, the bundle appears to be a normal directory.

In CP/M-86, Concurrent CP/M-86, Personal CP/M-86, S5-DOS, DOS Plus, Concurrent DOS, FlexOS, Multiuser DOS, System Manager and REAL/32 as well as by SCP1700, CP/K and K8918-OS, CMD is the filename extension used by CP/M-style executable programs. It corresponds to COM in CP/M-80 and EXE in DOS. The same extension is used by the command-line interpreter CMD.EXE in OS/2 and Windows for batch files.

Bliss is a computer virus, introduced in 1997, which aims to infect Linux systems. When executed, it attempts to attach itself to Linux executable files, to which regular users do not have access. In the case of the alpha version, this prevents the executables from running, so users notice it immediately. Although it was probably intended to prove that Linux can be infected, it does not propagate very effectively because of the structure of Linux's user privilege system.

Therefore, Microsoft did not include the applet in Windows 98 Second Edition. With the release of Windows XP, the Tweak UI applet was retooled and re-released on Microsoft's website as a separate executable, TweakUI.exe It was again updated to version 2.10 for Windows XP Service Pack 1 and Windows Server 2003. Chen also wrote an updated Windows Vista version of the utility, but it was not released as it violated the policy of not making available unsupported software.

Solidity is a statically-typed programming language designed for developing smart contracts that run on the EVM. Solidity is compiled to bytecode that is executable on the EVM. With Solidity, developers are able to write applications that implement self-enforcing business logic embodied in smart contracts, leaving a non-repudiable and authoritative record of transactions. Writing smart contracts in smart contract specific languages such as Solidity is claimed to be easy (ostensibly for those who already have programming skills).

For modelling with statecharts, only Rhapsody has been used so far in systems immunology. It can translate the statechart into executable Java and C++ codes. This method was also used to build a model of the Influenza Virus Infection. Some of the results were not in accordance with earlier research papers and the Boolean network showed that the amount of activated macrophages increased for both young and old mice, while others suggest that there is a decrease.

All terrain tiles, some landscape features, all monsters and objects, and some spell/effect graphics take the form of Windows 3.1 icons and were done by Paul Canniff. Multi-tile graphics, such as ball spells and town buildings, are bitmaps included in the executable file. No graphics use colors other than the Windows-standard 16-color palette, plus transparency. They exist in monochrome versions as well, meaning that the game will display well on monochrome monitors.

When linking a binary executable, a weakly declared symbol does not need a definition. In comparison, (by default) a declared strong symbol without a definition triggers an undefined symbol link error. Weak symbols are not mentioned by the C or C++ language standards; as such, inserting them into code is not very portable. Even if two platforms support the same or similar syntax for marking symbols as weak, the semantics may differ in subtle points, e.g.

Later versions of Kazaa Lite included K++, a memory patcher that removed search limit restrictions, and set one's "participation level" to the maximum of 1000. Sharman Networks considers Kazaa Lite to be a copyright violation. After development of Kazaa Lite stopped, K-Lite v2.6, Kazaa Lite Resurrection and Kazaa Lite Tools appeared. Unlike Kazaa Lite, which is a modification of an old version of Kazaa, K-Lite v2.6 and later require the corresponding original KMD executable to run.

The first IBM PC to use the SMA was the IBM PCjr, released in 1984. Video memory was shared with the first 128KiB of RAM. The exact size of the video memory could be reconfigured by software to meet the needs of the current program. An early hybrid system was the Commodore Amiga which could run as a shared memory system, but would load executable code preferentially into non-shared "fast RAM" if it was available.

Important properties of the jobs, like executable name, command-line arguments, list of files used is stored within the database. • Download Manager: this component is responsible for fetching the input files belonging to jobs submitted in a remote manner. • Queue Manager: this component arranges the execution and management of 3G Bridge jobs, periodically calls the different grid plugins in order to manage jobs assigned to them. • Grid Handler Interface: this is a generic interface above the grid plugins.

Deployment requires a number of components to be defined: an 'application' as a logical container for the project, a 'version' which is a deployable build of the application executable, a 'configuration template' that contains configuration information for both the Beanstalk environment and for the product. Finally an 'environment' combines a 'version' with a 'configuration' and deploys them. Executables themselves are uploaded as archive files to S3 beforehand and the 'version' is just a pointer to this.

The Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI) specification states that PE is the standard executable format in EFI environments., a note on p.18, states that "this image type is chosen to enable UEFI images to contain Thumb and Thumb2 instructions while defining the EFI interfaces themselves to be in ARM mode." On Windows NT operating systems, PE currently supports the x86, IA-32, x86-64 (AMD64/Intel 64), IA-64, ARM and ARM64 instruction set architectures (ISAs).

NetWars (originally called LiteYear) was an IPX-based 3D vector-graphics computer game released by Novell in 1993 for DOS to demonstrate NetWare capabilities. It was written by Edward N. Hill, Jr., one of Novell's engineers in its European Development Centre (EDC) in Hungerford, UK. Development had started in 1989. NetWars 2.06 came bundled with Novell DOS 7 and Personal NetWare 1.0 in form of a single executable named NETWARS.EXE. It thereby replaced the text-based game NLSNIPES.

To replicate itself, a virus must be permitted to execute code and write to memory. For this reason, many viruses attach themselves to executable files that may be part of legitimate programs (see code injection). If a user attempts to launch an infected program, the virus' code may be executed simultaneously. In operating systems that use file extensions to determine program associations (such as Microsoft Windows), the extensions may be hidden from the user by default.

Modern disc-based cheat hardware includes GameShark and Code Breaker which modify the game code from a large database of cheats. In later generation consoles, cheat cartridges have come to be replaced by cheat discs, containing a simple loader program which loads a game disc and modifies the main executable before starting it. The legality of this type of devices has been questioned, such as in the case of Lewis Galoob Toys, Inc. v. Nintendo of America, Inc.

Graftor) is a backdoor Trojan. Its first known detection goes back to November, 2008, according to Securelist from Kaspersky Labs. This malicious software, which usually should be a portable executable (and may be packed with UPX), is mostly used in order to connect a (worldwide) group of victimized PCs and form a botnet (also known as a zombie network). The software is able to spread through networks in order to infect other computers as computer worms do (see Conficker).

It can create both 2D and 3D games by providing function libraries that enable a game to be programmed with considerably less code than with a language such as C++, especially without such dedicated libraries. The software consists of an IDE, debugger and interpreter, and an engine built on DirectX 7. The compiler emits Bytecode that is appended to an interpreter to create a stand-alone executable. Star Wraith is an example game made with DarkBASIC.

By the early 1990s, most PCs adhered to IBM PC standards so Microsoft began selling MS-DOS in retail with MS-DOS 5.0. In the mid-1980s Microsoft developed a multitasking version of DOS. This version of DOS is generally referred to as "European MS-DOS 4" because it was developed for ICL and licensed to several European companies. This version of DOS supports preemptive multitasking, shared memory, device helper services and New Executable ("NE") format executables.

OllyDbg is often used for reverse engineering of programs. It is often used by crackers to crack software made by other developers. For cracking and reverse engineering, it is often the primary tool because of its ease of use and availability; any 32-bit executable can be used by the debugger and edited in bitcode/assembly in realtime. It is also useful for programmers to ensure that their program is running as intended, and for malware analysis purposes.

Under DR-DOS the file may be optionally password-protected as well. Under PC DOS, the system attribute is set in order to mark the file as non-movable, a restriction technically not necessary under DR-DOS. As IBMBIO.COM is a binary image containing executable code rather than a true COM-style program, the hidden attribute is set to keep the file from being accidentally invoked at the command prompt, which would lead to a crash.

LEAF is capable of running a powerful NAT firewall with several ancillary services on computer hardware generally considered obsolete, such as 486 workstations with no hard disk. LEAF is intended to work well with read-only storage media, such as write-protected floppy drives or optical discs. Distribution sizes range from a single floppy disk to several hundred megabytes. LEAF distributions typically include software designed to be economical in executable size, such as uClibc, BusyBox, Dropbear, and Shorewall.

As can be seen from the diagram, the unusual shape of the Paragon made it very complicated to build. Engineering and factory translated the design into one executable on the shop floor. After overcoming the manufacturing challenges posed by the curved refractor panels and the cabinet legs, the speaker entered production in late 1957. The original 2-way design consisted of two 150-4C bass drivers with 4-inch coils, and two H5038P-100 elliptical horns.

Fedora (or Flexible Extensible Digital Object Repository Architecture) is a digital asset management (DAM) architecture upon which institutional repositories, digital archives, and digital library systems might be built. Fedora is the underlying architecture for a digital repository, and is not a complete management, indexing, discovery, and delivery application. It is a modular architecture built on the principle that interoperability and extensibility are best achieved by the integration of data, interfaces, and mechanisms (i.e., executable programs) as clearly defined modules.

The procedures provided by the user take the place of the default routines (usually stubs that do nothing but return to their caller) provided by the package vendor. Procedures provided as user exits are typically compiled into a static library and linked directly with the package to produce an executable program. Another approach employs dynamic libraries to accomplish the same thing. Finally, user exits may be external programs executed at specific points in the execution of a host package.

During the Elaboration phase, the project team is expected to capture a healthy majority of the system requirements. However, the primary goals of Elaboration are to address known risk factors and to establish and validate the system architecture. Common processes undertaken in this phase include the creation of use case diagrams, conceptual diagrams (class diagrams with only basic notation) and package diagrams (architectural diagrams). The architecture is validated primarily through the implementation of an Executable Architecture Baseline.

There is a particular sequence of bytes in the file header, yielding the hexadecimal value $000003f3. This sequence, which signifies an executable file and lets it be self-running, is called a magic cookie (from the magic cookies in Alice's Adventures in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll). This kind of solution to identify executables on the Amiga was taken from similar solutions which were adopted by UNIX/Unix-like operating systems, where magic cookies are called magic numbers.

In 1997 Haage & Partner developer WarpUp PowerPC kernel for PowerUP accelerator boards. Instead of ELF binary format they had chosen to expand existing hunk format. Problem with ELF binary format was that users had to patch their system to load ELF executables and mixing PPC/68k code was not possible. Extended Hunk Format (EHF), developed by Haage & Partner, allowed mixing PPC and 68k code to single executable without modifying the existing system if PowerPC accelerator was not installed. .

AXFS (Advanced XIP Filesystem) is a compressed read-only file system for Linux, initially developed at Intel, and now maintained at Numonyx. It was designed to use execute in place (XIP) alongside compression aiming to reduce boot and program load times, while retaining a small memory footprint for embedded devices. This is achieved by mixing compressed and uncompressed pages in the same executable file.Jonathan Corbet, (August 26, 2008) AXFS: a compressed, execute-in-place filesystem, lwn.

Other examples of debhelper scripts include `dh_installdocs`, which installs stock documentation files such as `debian/copyright` into their appropriate locations, or `dh_fixperms`, which ensures that files in the package have correct access rights (for example, executables in `/usr/bin` have the "executable" bit set, but are only writable by the superuser). Since sequences of `debhelper` scripts are themselves repetitive, some packages simplify `debian/rules` files directly by using dh or CDBS instead of running each `debhelper` command directly.

A related product called Basic Plus 2 ("BP2" or BASIC-Plus-2), was later developed by DEC to add additional features and increased performance. It used true compilation into threaded code and wrote its output to object files compatible with the machine code object files produced by the assembler and other language systems. These object files could be kept in libraries. A linker (the TKB taskbuilder) then created executable files from object files and the libraries.

Most approaches compile linear or tree programs on the host PC and transfer the executable to the GPU to be run. Typically the performance advantage is only obtained by running the single active program simultaneously on many example problems in parallel, using the GPU's SIMD architecture. However, substantial acceleration can also be obtained by not compiling the programs, and instead transferring them to the GPU, to be interpreted there.V. Garcia and E. Debreuve and M. Barlaud.

A C-- dialect called Cmm is the intermediate representation for the Glasgow Haskell Compiler. GHC backends are responsible for further transforming C-- into executable code, via LLVM IR, slow C, or directly through the built-in native backend.GHC Backends Some of the developers of C--, including Simon Peyton Jones, João Dias, and Norman Ramsey, work or have worked on the Glasgow Haskell Compiler. Work on GHC has also led to extensions in the C-- language, forming the Cmm dialect.

In Windows ME, DVD Player supports software-based MPEG decoders. DVD Player was dropped in Windows XP in favor of the DVD functionality introduced into Windows Media Player. While the DVDPlay executable still resides in %Windir%\system32, it simply executes Windows Media Player. On Windows 8, Windows Media Center and DVD playback support were relegated to a premium add-on for Windows 8 Pro, citing the costs of licensing the decoders and the market moving away from DVD-Video.

Accord.NET is a framework for scientific computing in .NET. The source code of the project is available under the terms of the Gnu Lesser Public License, version 2.1. The framework comprises a set of libraries that are available in source code as well as via executable installers and NuGet packages. The main areas covered include numerical linear algebra, numerical optimization, statistics, machine learning, artificial neural networks, signal and image processing, and support libraries (such as graph plotting and visualization).

These constants differ from literals in a number of ways. Compilers generally place a constant in a single memory location identified by symbol, rather than spread throughout the executable as with a macro. While this precludes the speed advantages of immediate mode, there are advantages in memory efficiency, and debuggers can work with these constants at runtime. Also while macros may be redefined accidentally by conflicting header files in C and C++, conflicting constants are detected at compile time.

SBasic programs had the ability to access memory areas reserved for the operating system unless prohibited from doing so by the operating system itself. (Kaypro's CP/M had no such prohibitions.) This enabled direct utilization and modification of DMA and other memory areas. This feature also permitted a program to modify itself at run-time. This capability also allowed modifying the instruction pointer, so a program could effectively link other executable modules that were read during execution as data.

The NSA codewords "STRAITACID" and "STRAITSHOOTER" have been found inside the malware. In addition, timestamps in the malware seem to indicate that the programmers worked overwhelmingly Monday–Friday in what would correspond to a 08:00–17:00 workday in an Eastern United States time zone. The Kaspersky report discounted the possibility the timestamps were intentionally manipulated, since the years listed in various executable files appeared to match the availability of computer platforms the files ran on.

For example, the `su` binary (such as an open-source one paired with the Superuser or SuperSU application) can be copied to a location in the current process' PATH (e.g., `/system/xbin/`) and granted executable permissions with the `chmod` command. A third-party supervisor application, like Superuser or SuperSU, can then regulate and log elevated permission requests from other applications. Many guides, tutorials, and automatic processes exist for popular Android devices facilitating a fast and easy rooting process.

Each type of CPU has a specific instruction set architecture or ISA. The ISA represents the primitive operations of the machine that are available for use by assembly programmers and compiler writers. One of the main functions of a compiler is to allow a programmer to write an algorithm in a high-level language without having to care about CPU-specific instructions. Then it is the job of the compiler to generate a CPU-specific executable.

During compilation of an unsafe language run-time checks is added to the low-level code to detect source-level undefined behavior. An example is the use of canaries, which can terminate a program when discovering bounds violations. A downside of using run-time checks such as in bounds-checking is that they impose considerable performance overhead. Memory protection, such as using non-executable stack and/or heap, can also be seen as additional run-time checks.

Classes are "prototypes" for objects, like the idea of an apple is the prototype for the apple one can actually buy in a shop. It is known that an apple has a colour, and that it can be peeled: those are the data and executable "code" for the apple class. Oxygene provides language- level support for some features of parallel programming. The goal is to use all cores or processors of a computer to improve performance.

A makefile consists of “rules” in the following form: target: dependencies system command(s) A target is usually the name of a file that is generated by a program; examples of targets are executable or object files. A target can also be the name of an action to carry out, such as "clean". A dependency (also called prerequisite) is a file that is used as input to create the target. A target often depends on several files.

Other information can include the file's device type (e.g. block, character, socket, subdirectory, etc.), its owner user ID and group ID, its access permissions and other file attributes (e.g. whether the file is read-only, executable, etc.). A file system stores all the metadata associated with the file—including the file name, the length of the contents of a file, and the location of the file in the folder hierarchy—separate from the contents of the file.

In theory, this process could find the ideal set of inputs for any game, but since the space of all possible inputs grows exponentially with the length of the sequence, this is only viable for optimizing very small portions of the speed run. Instead, a heuristic algorithm can be used. Although such an approach does not guarantee a perfect solution, it can prove very effective for solving simple puzzle games. Another rarely used technique is disassembling the game executable.

Taiwanese Tone Group Parser is a simulator of Taiwanese tone sandhi acquisition. In practical, the method using linguistic theory to implement the Taiwanese tone group parser is a way to apply knowledge engineering technique to build the experiment environment of computer simulation for language acquisition. A work-in-process version of artificial tone group parser that includes a knowledge base and an executable program file for Microsoft Windows system (XP/Win7) can be download for evaluation.

Rogue (also known as Rogue: Exploring the Dungeons of Doom) is a dungeon crawling video game by Michael Toy and Glenn Wichman and later contributions by Ken Arnold. Rogue was originally developed around 1980 for Unix-based mainframe systems as a freely-distributed executable (public domain software).30.rogue/paper.pdf on freebsd.org "The public domain version of rogue now distributed with Berkeley UNIX " It was later included in the official Berkeley Software Distribution 4.2 operating system (4.2BSD).

The exploit was superseded by the development of Bannerbomb, which allows a user to run unsigned code on the console without relying on an exploit within a game. Bannerbomb works by using a malformed banner to inject a loader program into the Wii Menu program in memory. As the Wii Menu crashes, an unsigned executable is executed. Bannerbomb was superseded by Letterbomb, which uses a glitch in the Wii Message Board to crash the Wii Menu and load the .

DOS/360 had no relocating loader, so programmers had to link edit a separate executable version of each program for each partition, or address space, in which the program was likely to be run. Alternatively assembler-language programs could be written as self-relocating, but that imposed additional complexity and a size penalty, albeit a small one. Large DOS shops with multiple machines and multiple partition layouts often wrote their own relocating loader to circumvent this issue.

PaX allows individual markings for both PAGEEXEC and SEGMEXEC; randomizing the mmap(), stack, and heap base; randomizing the executable base for ET_EXEC binaries; restricting mprotect(); and emulating trampolines. In the case of chpax, certain tools such as strip may lose the markings; using paxctl to set the PT_PAX_FLAGS is the only reliable method. The paxctl tool uses a new ELF program header specifically created for PaX flags. These markings can be explicitly on, off, or unset.

In normal cases, the address space on AMD64 and other such processors will by default look more like Fig. 1, with clearly defined data and code. Unfortunately, Linux by default does not prohibit an application from changing any of its memory protections; any program may create data-code confusion, marking areas of code as writable and areas of data as executable. PaX prevents such changes, as well as guaranteeing the most restrictive default set suitable for typical operation.

The PaX team had to make some design decisions about how to handle the mmap() system call. This function is used to either map shared memory, or to load shared libraries. Because of this, it needs to supply writable or executable RAM, depending on the conditions it is used under. The current implementation of PaX supplies writable anonymous memory mappings by default; file backed memory mappings are made writable only if the mmap() call specifies the write permission.

Software features may only be available with certain mice models. (Button options are specific to the selected model.) On Mac OS X 10.4-10.7.x, IntelliPoint features can be accessed by opening Microsoft Mouse in System Preferences. Depending on the software version and specific mouse product, users can define mouse buttons to run any executable program or file they desire (or a control key + letter combination) and can even define buttons for different functions in chosen programs.

PMODE/W is a version of PMODE for the Watcom C/C++ compilers. It was developed by Charles "Daredevil" Scheffold and Thomas Pytel. Its footprint in the final executable file is slightly larger than that of the original PMODE because of the added functionality, but it is still less than 12 kilobytes according to its own documentation. PMODE/DJ is a DOS extender derived from PMODE 3.07 by Matthias Grimrath for use with the DJGPP compilers.

Although this does not eliminate the chance of reverse engineering, it can make the process more costly. A compressed executable requires less storage space in the file system, thus less time to transfer data from the file system into memory. On the other hand, it requires some time to decompress the data before execution begins. However, the speed of various storage media has not kept up with average processor speeds, so the storage is very often the bottleneck.

In 1993, Triton released FastTracker. This tracker was able to load and save standard four channel MOD files, as well as extended MOD files with six or eight channels (identical to standard MOD files, aside from the extra channel data and ID markers "6CHN" or "8CHN"). It was only compatible with Creative Labs' SoundBlaster series of sound cards, which were most popular on the PC at that time. The whole editor was a single 43 KiB DOS executable.

The tool will include mappings from IFML abstract concepts to the platform- specific concepts of Java Swing, Microsoft WPF, and HTML. The modeling of the IFML diagrams for the UI part can be complemented with (executable) UML diagrams according to fUML specifications combined with Alf scripts for the back-end business logic. A sneak preview of the tool features can be seen in this video. IFMLEdit.org is a web-based opensource IFML editor focused on education and agile development.

SensorML provides standard models and an XML encoding for describing any process, including the process of measurement by sensors and instructions for deriving higher-level information from observations. It provides a provider- centric view of information in a sensor web, which is complemented by Observations and Measurements which provides a user-centric view. Processes described in SensorML are discoverable and executable. All processes define their inputs, outputs, parameters, and method, as well as provide relevant metadata.

There are two linking systems used. The collector (@MAP) combines the output relocatable elements of the basic-mode compilers and assemblers into an absolute element which is directly executable. While this linker is intended primarily to support basic mode, the relocatable and absolute elements may contain extended-mode as well. This is often the case when an existing application is enhanced to use extended mode or call extended mode libraries but still contains some basic mode code.

In the latter case, the executable and the source code are merged into a single binary file. The execution is controlled by LabVIEW run-time engine, which contains some pre-compiled code to perform common tasks that are defined by the G language. The run-time engine governs execution flow, and provides a consistent interface to various operating systems, graphic systems and hardware components. The use of run-time environment makes the source code files portable across supported platforms.

The reusable interpreter was called SPUTM, the SCUMM Presentation Utility (TM) which was renamed on shipment of the game to the name of the game's executable. SPUTM would interpret the scripts, load assets from disc, and handle the other user interactions with the game. SPUTM was not actually trademarked, but according to Wilmunder, they wanted "to name it after another bodily fluid". SCUMM was subsequently reused in many later LucasArts adventure games being both updated and rewritten several times.

A workflow is a series of processing steps connected together so that the output of one step is used as the input of another. Processing steps implement data analysis tasks such as data importing, statistical tests and report generation. In Anduril, processing steps are implemented using components, which are reusable executable code that can be written in any programming language. Components are wired together into a workflow, or a component network, that is executed by the Anduril workflow engine.

Obash takes the input script and aes-256 encodes it, and also base64 encodes the AES cipertex so that it can be used to declare an unsigned char array. It then produces an intermediate c file which is basically the interpreter (see interpreter.c), functions, text array containing the cipher text, the optional raw key and iv for reusable binaries (not bound to the hardware) and the main. The intermediate c file is then compiled into an executable.

The SPARC Reference MMU for Sun SPARC version 8 has permission values of Read Only, Read/Write, Read/Execute, and Read/Write/Execute in page table entries, although not all SPARC processors have a SPARC Reference MMU. A SPARC version 9 MMU may provide, but is not required to provide, any combination of read/write/execute permissions. A Translation Table Entry in a Translation Storage Buffer in Oracle SPARC Architecture 2011, Draft D1.0.0 has separate Executable and Writable bits.

The owner then assumes that the computer is somehow infected. The company says "Our customer service team's experience is that people seem to move into denial with their spouses or partners when pornography use is at question." The software is difficult for non-technical users to remove, due in part to its use of mutually protective executable files. The company says that if the software were easy to remove, many people would not pay for the services already consumed.

An application that employs SxS must have a manifest. Manifests are typically a section embedded in the application's executable file but may also be an external file. When the operating system loads the application and detects the presence of a manifest, the operating system DLL loader is directed to the version of the DLL corresponding to that listed in the manifest. If there is no manifest, the DLL loader loads a default version of all DLL dependencies.

The game was not made available to Asian and Australian players, with the official Black Prophecy website preventing residents of these regions from downloading the client executable file and signing up for beta access. The game used the Freemium model, featuring a premium shop where players could buy various in-game items, such as weapons and armors. On 29 August 2012 the game developers announced that the game will be "closing its doors" on 26 September 2012.

Within a few years, there were many companies specializing in EDA, each with a slightly different emphasis. The first trade show for EDA was held at the Design Automation Conference in 1984 and in 1986, Verilog, another popular high-level design language, was first introduced as a hardware description language by Gateway Design Automation. Simulators quickly followed these introductions, permitting direct simulation of chip designs and executable specifications. Within several years, back-ends were developed to perform logic synthesis.

A direct descendant of OS/A+, DOS XL provided additional features to Atari's equipped with floppy disk drives. These included single and double density support, a command-line mode (called the command processor or CP), a menu mode (an executable loaded in memory), batch file support, and support for XL extended memory and OSS SuperCartridge banked memory. Later versions included Axlon RamDisk support, Mosaic RamDisk support, BIT-3 support and BUG/65. In addition to supporting auto-booting `AUTORUN.

COIN-OR branch and cut (CBC or Cbc) is an open-source mixed integer programming solver written in C++. It can be used as both a stand-alone executable and as a callable library (through A Mathematical Programming Language (AMPL) [natively], General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS) [using the links provided by the COIN-OR Optimization Services (OS) and GAMSlinks projects], MPL [through the CoinMP project], AIMMS [through the AIMMSlinks project], PuLP, CMPL, OpenSolver for Excel, JuMP, or MiniZinc).

Some Japanese users referred to this as an omamori (charm) left by Iwata himself. With the 4.0 update, the executable code for this Easter egg appears to have been wiped by Nintendo. In August 2018, a Twitter user found files on the Switch's firmware while reverse- engineering the console, which suggest that Nintendo was possibly testing VR functionality for the Switch. The Twitter user was able to activate the hidden "VR Mode", which split the screen into two displays.

As a result, as of 2008, CIH has become essentially harmless, at worst causing annoyance by infecting executable files and triggering antivirus software. Other BIOS viruses remain possible, however;New BIOS Virus Withstands HDD Wipes, 27 March 2009. Marcus Yam. Tom's Hardware US since most Windows home users without Windows Vista/7's UAC run all applications with administrative privileges, a modern CIH-like virus could in principle still gain access to hardware without first using an exploit.

On the cluster there are also 8 service nodes NX360M5 for I/O and management. The Operating system for both executable and login nodes is CentOS 7.0. Galileo is an heterogeneous hybrid cluster: 359 nodes are equipped with Intel accelerators (Intel Phi 7120p), 2 accelerators per node for a total of 768 Phi in the system; 40 nodes are equipped with nVidia accelerators (nVidia K80), 2 accelerators per node for a total of 80 K80 in the system.

CryptoLocker typically propagated as an attachment to a seemingly innocuous e-mail message, which appears to have been sent by a legitimate company. A ZIP file attached to an email message contains an executable file with the filename and the icon disguised as a PDF file, taking advantage of Windows' default behaviour of hiding the extension from file names to disguise the real .EXE extension. CryptoLocker was also propagated using the Gameover ZeuS trojan and botnet.

Albion will work on later Windows operating systems, like Windows XP, but tends to perform poorly and run slowly. Using the alternative DOS extender DOS/32ADOS/32A might improve the performance as using a DOS emulator like DOSBox. In 2011 a port for ARM architecture and the Pandora handheld was created by fans via static recompilation from the original x86 binary executable. The community still updates this recompiled version and released also a Windows and Linux build in 2015.

A compiled interpreter script written in PPL was called PPE (PCBoard Programming Executable). PPEs were generated by the PCBoard Programming Language Compiler (PPLC), which was an optional tool provided by Clark Development Company and was also available for purchase as stand alone tool. It was less than $100 by itself and less than $50 in combination with any BBS license. This allowed programmers to develop PPEs for PCBoard without having to purchase a PCBoard BBS license.

The CEG technology creates a unique, encrypted copy of the game's executable files for the given user, which allows them to install it multiple times and on multiple devices, and make backup copies of their software. Once the software is downloaded and installed, the user must then authenticate through Steam to de-encrypt the executable files to play the game. Normally this is done while connected to the Internet following the user's credential validation, but once they have logged into Steam once, a user can instruct Steam to launch in a special offline mode to be able to play their games without a network connection. Developers are not limited to Steam's CEG and may include other forms of DRM (or none at all) and other authentication services than Steam; for example, some games from publisher Ubisoft require the use of their UPlay gaming service, and prior to its shutdown in 2014, some other games required Games for Windows – Live, though many of these games have since transitioned to using the Steamworks CEG approach.

W^X (also called Data Execution Prevention/DEP or No-eXecute/NX) is a security feature where pages in the memory of a process may be either writable or executable, but not both. W^X alone does not protect against ROP attacks and does not provide perfect protection against all memory-based vulnerabilities, but as with ASLR technologies, it can provide advanced protection on memory-based vulnerabilities. W^X was first implemented in OpenBSD in 2003 and in Windows in 2004.

Xubuntu 16.04 Digital photo slideshows can be custom-made for clients from their photos, music, wedding invitations, birth announcements, or virtually any other scannable documents. Some producers call the resulting DVDs the new photomontage. Slideshows can be created not only on DVD, but also in HD video formats and as executable computer files. Photo slideshow software has made it easy to create electronic digital slideshows, eliminating the need for expensive color reversal film and requiring only a digital camera and computer.

MUCKs are extensible by design, players can create and modify ("build") all internal objects of the game environment, including rooms, exits, and even the system commands, for which the MUCKs use the MUF (Multi-User Forth) language. Fuzzball MUCKs also use Message Parsing Interpreter (MPI) which can be used to embed executable code into descriptions of all in-game objects. Unlike many other virtual worlds, however, TinyMUCK and its descendants do not usually have computer-controlled monsters for players to kill.

When creating a modular system, instead of creating a monolithic application (where the smallest component is the whole), several smaller modules are written separately so when they are composed together, they construct the executable application program. Typically these are also compiled separately, via separate compilation, and then linked by a linker. A just-in-time compiler may perform some of this construction "on-the-fly" at run time. These independent functions are commonly classified as either program control functions or specific task functions.

Attempts to port OpenBUGS to Java with the Gardens Point Component Pascal were given up in favor of a new portable implementation called JAGS. The BUGS language is the language that specifies the model code. It is parsed by OpenBUGS, which then creates an executable (compiled code) that generates a sample from the posterior distribution when run. OpenBUGS was designed to run together with S-PlusBUGS 0.5 Manual, date 1996-08-14 and the BUGS language is similar to the S programming language.

Research on Prograph started at Acadia University in 1982 as a general investigation into dataflow languages, stimulated by a seminar on functional languages conducted by Michael Levin. Diagrams were used to clarify the discussion, leading to the insight: "since the diagrams are clearer than the code, why not make the diagrams themselves executable!" Thus Prograph - Programming in Graphics - was born as a visual dataflow language. This work was led by Dr. Tomasz Pietrzykowski, with Stan Matwin and Thomas Muldner co- authoring early papers.

In LGPL 2.1, the non-(L)GPLed program can then be distributed under any terms if it is not a derivative work. If it is a derivative work, then the program's terms must allow for "modification of the work for the customer's own use and reverse engineering for debugging such modifications." Whether a work that uses an LGPL program is a derivative work or not is a legal issue. A standalone executable that dynamically links to a library through a .

A computer program in the form of a human-readable, computer programming language is called source code. Source code may be converted into an executable image by a compiler or assembler, or executed immediately with the aid of an interpreter. Compilers are used to translate source code from a programming language into either object code or machine code. Object code needs further processing to become machine code, and machine code consists of the central processing unit's native instructions, ready for execution.

The official kernel, that is the Linus git branch at the kernel.org repository, doesn't contain any kind of proprietary code; however Linux can search the filesystems to locate proprietary firmware, drivers, and other executable modules (collectively known as "binary blobs"), then it can load and link them into the kernel space. Whenever proprietary modules are loaded into Linux, the kernel marks itself as being "tainted" and therefore bug reports from tainted kernels will often be ignored by developers. Whether it's needed (e.g.

As a 32-bit program, it supports long filenames, task bar tray icons, unlimited length strings and string lists and the Windows Registry. This legacy version is now available for download for registered users and is not available for purchase. # Visual DialogScript 6: The newest version of Visual DialogScript improves upon Visual DialogScript 5 and adds full support for Windows Vista. Additionally, the registered version can now create standalone compiled executable files that do not require an external runtime file.

The stable release supports Grim Fandango and Myst III: Exile, which are completable with a few minor glitches. In the development branch, there is also support for Escape from Monkey Island, which is completable with a few glitches, and The Longest Journey, which is completable with missing features. Like ScummVM, ResidualVM contains fixes for bugs present in the original executable. The ResidualVM team discovered a workaround for a bug that causes a critical dialog not to play in Grim Fandango.

A MEX file is a type of computer file that provides an interface between MATLAB or Octave and functions written in C, C++ or Fortran. It stands for "MATLAB executable". When compiled, MEX files are dynamically loaded and allow external functions to be invoked from within MATLAB or Octave as if they were built-in functions. To support the development of MEX files, both MATLAB and Octave offer external interface functions that facilitate the transfer of data between MEX files and the workspace.

Crowther did not distribute the source code to his version, while Woods, once finished with his improvements, widely distributed the code alongside the compiled executable. Woods' 1977 version became the more recognizable and "canon" version of Colossal Cave Adventure in part due to wider code availability, on which nearly all revisions described in the following section were based. Crowther's original code was thought to have been lost until 2007 when an unmodified version of it was found on Woods' student account archive.

The technique was later generalized to testing multithreaded Java programs with jCUTE, and unit testing programs from their executable codes (tool OSMOSE). , It was also combined with fuzz testing and extended to detect exploitable security issues in large-scale x86 binaries by Microsoft Research's SAGE. The concolic approach is also applicable to model checking. In a concolic model checker, the model checker traverses states of the model representing the software being checked, while storing both a concrete state and a symbolic state.

In Microsoft Windows, software that relies on Windows Side-by-Side (WinSxS) needs an application manifest, which is an XML document that is either embedded in an executable file or contained in a separate XML file that accompanies it. It bears name, version, trust information, privileges required for execution and dependencies on other components. An assembly manifest is very similar to an application manifest but describes the identity of components known as "assemblies". These assemblies are referred to in the application manifest.