The sole sculpture in the show is an original plaster of a pregnant woman, "La Femme Enceinte" (223).
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Other casts of several pieces including the Woman with pram, the Femme enceinte (both versions), the Tête de mort, the Little girl skipping, the most abstract of the Boisgeloup pieces.
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And with underdog signee Teyana Taylor, the build up to her long-awaited, Kanye-produced album Keep That Same Energy has been particularly enceinte: She's the only female artist amongst Ye's much-hyped septet of forthcoming G.O.O.D. releases (none of which have been very good so far), and faces an uphill battle against an overlooked 2014 debut, dismissal for her video vixen come up, and the drama of the men who run her label.
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These simple fortifications were called ringworks. The enceinte was the castle's main defensive enclosure, and the terms "bailey" and "enceinte" are linked. A castle could have several baileys but only one enceinte. Castles with no keep, which relied on their outer defences for protection, are sometimes called enceinte castles; these were the earliest form of castles, before the keep was introduced in the 10th century.
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However, the outworks or defensive wall close to the enceinte were not considered as forming part of it. In early 20th-century fortification, the enceinte was usually simply the innermost continuous line of fortifications. In architecture, generally, an enceinte is the close or precinct of a cathedral, abbey, castle, etc.
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The enceinte may be laid out as a freestanding structure or combined with buildings adjoining the outer walls. The enceinte not only provided passive protection for the areas behind it, but was usually an important component of the defence with its wall walks (often surmounted by battlements), embrasures and covered firing positions. The outline of the enceinte, with its fortified towers and domestic buildings, shaped the silhouette of a castle. The ground plan of an enceinte is affected by the terrain.
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Agence QMI, Cœur de pirate est enceinte . Canoë. February 29, 2012.
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At the time of the establishment of Belgian independence, Antwerp was defended by the citadel and an enceinte around the city. In 1859, seventeen of the twenty-two fortresses constructed under Wellington's supervision in 1815–1818 were dismantled and the old citadel and enceinte were removed. A new enceinte long was constructed, and the villages of Berchem and Borgerhout, now boroughs of Antwerp, were absorbed within the city. This enceinte is protected by a broad wet ditch, and in the caponiers are the magazines and store chambers of the fortress.
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The inner courtyard within the rectangular enceinte is an example of medieval military architecture. Attached to the enceinte, the crenellated keep, with its round walk, today houses exhibitions."CHÂTEAU DE MAUVEZIN - MUSÉE GASTON FÉBUS", Tourisme Hautes-Pyrénées web site. Retrieved 28 November 2018.
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The enceinte has nineteen openings or gateways, but of these seven are not used by the public. As soon as the enceinte was finished, eight detached forts from from the enceinte were constructed. They begin in the north near Wijnegem and the zone of inundation, and terminate in the south at Hoboken. In 1870 Fort Merksem and the redoubts of Berendrecht and Oorderen were built for the defence of the area to be inundated north of Antwerp.
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A second enceinte was defended by a moat cut into the rock. The castle is private property.
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The site consists of a polygonal enceinte with several buildings from the 13th to 16th centuries. In the centre of the enceinte is the 13th century cylindrical keep. It is 30 m high and 9.5 m in diameter with walls 1.5 m thick. Only the ground floor was vaulted.
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Enceinte of Khotyn Fortress in Ukraine The keep of Château de Vincennes protected by its own isolated enceinte Krak des Chevaliers, a concentric castle Enceinte (from Latin incinctus: girdled, surrounded) is a French term denoting the "main defensive enclosure of a fortification". For a castle this is the main defensive line of wall towers and curtain walls enclosing the position. For a settlement it would be the main town wall with its associated gatehouses and towers and walls. According to the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, the term was strictly applied to the continuous line of bastions and curtain walls forming "the body of the place", this last expression being often used as synonymous with enceinte.
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The castle was broken up during the French Revolution and its contents and materials sold. The enceinte originally comprised eight towers and two gateways. Wanting a more panoramic view, Mansart demolished the curtain walls on the east and created gardens. The west and north sides of the enceinte still exist.
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West wall; dry stone walling of the enceinte The Château du Petit-Ringelstein (or Château du Petit-Ringelsberg) is a ruined castle in the commune of Oberhaslach in the Bas-Rhin département of France. It is sited on a small summit that it surrounds with its enceinte constructed of dry stone walls.
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The horseshoe shaped enceinte enclosed the keep from the north and parts of its round walk still exists. To the west of the keep was the residence; to the east the stables. A second enceinte opposite the castle sheltered the lower courtyard. The moat surrounding the castle was cut into rock in the north.
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The keep The castle consists of an enceinte and a high square keep with four turrets. It was built after Albigensian Crusade of the 13th century on lands given to Pierre de Voisins, one of Simon de Montfort's lieutenants. The almost square enceinte (51m by 55m) encircles the castle with a gateway furnished with machicolation and surmounted with a keystone bearing the arms of the Voisin famil ("De gueules à trois fusées d'or en fasce, accompagnées en chef d'un lambel à quatre pendant de même"). Numerous buildings must have existed the length of the enceinte.
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Where the castle includes a particularly strong tower (donjon), such as at Krak or Margat, it projects from the inner enceinte.
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The tower is surrounded by a square enceinte, with the southern side broken into three smaller walls. It is built of undressed stone, and thick. A staircase on the southeastern wall led to the wall walk. Traces of buildings can be seen on the interior of the enceinte as well as on the exterior of its northern side.
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Apart from the 12th century square keep, remains include towers and the outer enceinte dating from the 13th, 14th and 15th centuries.
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The Aichi Prefecture Gokoku Shrine is a Shinto shrine located in the Sannomaru enceinte, next to Nagoya Castle, in central Nagoya, Japan.
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The Honmaru enceinte is in the centre of the complex, containing the main and minor keep, along with the palace. The Ninomaru enceinte is located to the east, the Nishinomaru to the west, the Ofukemaru, also known as the Fukaimaru, to the northwest, and the Sannomaru around the east and south. Today's Meijō Park was part of the larger castle's grounds to the north; it was originally used as pleasure gardens containing a large pond. The larger Sannomaru enceinte used to be buffered by two moats and encircled the inner castle enceintes from the east and the south.
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The castle complex is made up of five enceintes divided by an outer (Soto-bori) and inner moat (Uchi-bori). Each enceinte is protected by walls with turrets strategically located at each corner. Access from one enceinte to the next was controlled by guarded gates that were accessible by bridges. The castle is a good example of the type built on flat land.
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Plan of the ruins All that has survived of the castle is part of the shield wall, parts of the enceinte and the zwinger.
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The is the easternmost enceinte next to the Ninomaru, separated by the Tenjin-bori. Ōte- bori is to the north, running then south is Kikyō-bori.
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The Renaissance residence is located in the lower ward. It consist of an alignment of buildings built on the enceinte, with a gallery forming an angle.
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The castle had a sturdy enceinte, which enclosed the entire site and guaranteed protection for its occupants. The roughly 2-metre-thick and probably over ten-metre-high shield wall with its wooden wall walk and tiled roof was integrated into the early mediaeval enceinte. The buildings in the castle courtyard were made of stone and wood. From the then treeless summit, the Aschaff valley could be overlooked.
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The building and adjoining stone walls form a type of fortification known as a "walled enceinte". It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.
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Kaysersberg castle The Château de Kaysersberg (also: Schlossberg) Château dit Schlossberg et enceinte is a ruined castle in the commune of Kaysersberg in the Haut-Rhin département of France.
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It is this peculiarity of construction which makes it possible to date the castle of Airvault at least to the 11th century. (Some think that it would be earlier than the beginning of the construction of the church). The castle has an enceinte whose crenellation was leveled in the 1940s. Two quadrangular towers added obliquely to the corners of the enceinte on the ramparts are dated to the 13th or 14th century.
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The enceinte includes several towers, some of which have rustication. The moats are drained and overgrown. The ruins have been cleared of vegetation and are surrounded by lawns and hedges.
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In 1225, Peter I, Duke of Brittany ordered the construction of a castle.Arthur de la Borderie op.cit p. 308 The enceinte is quadrilateral and measures 100m by 30m with ten towers.
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Excepting the motte on which it stood, and a small section of curtain wall there is little left of the structure of what was once a very powerful castle of enceinte.
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Inside the keep Of the enceinte, there remain the gateway with a portcullis and two round towers on top of an escarpment, the western part of the enceinte and a round tower. The present fairground corresponds to the lower courtyard. A 13th century watercolour shows that there were also two towers covered by "pepperpots". The priory of Saint Étienne, dating from 1030, was demolished in 1960 and its stones were partly used to rebuild the keep.
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Part of the harbour-facing tenaille trace of Fort Ricasoli The Main Gate The enceinte along Rinella Bay is made up of a tenaille trace with high walls. The fort's main gate is located within the enceinte. The Governor's House (now demolished) and a Chapel of St Nicholas are located within the fort, close to the main gate. An inscription on the gate commemorates the inauguration of the fort in 1698 and gives praise to Grand Master Perellos.
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The castle is reached through a gallery cut into the rock, with a door halfway up the cliff. The lower courtyard, on the eastern side, is enclosed by a partly conserved enceinte.
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The outer enceinte was built of granite from the Shiwaku Islands and the inner two-storey structure was made of keyaki (Japanese elm) wood harvested from the Nunobiki and Tekkai mountains in Kobe.
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Of the large enceinte that once surrounded the summit of the hill, only stretches of the southern wall now remain - perhaps the part of the original castle itself. The bases of three circular towers are visible. To the west stands a high gate tower of almost square plan, pierced with a few openings, which seems to have been built in the 13th century. Residential buildings and barns - some built on the bases of the curtain walls - and vegetable gardens occupy the enceinte.
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Map of the Honmaru enceinte of Edo Castle with the Ōoku area in red The Ōoku was built inside the Honmaru enceinte of Edo Castle in 1607 by Tokugawa Hidetada, who passed a special law to separate the Ōoku completely from the outside world. By this law, noblewomen living in the Ōoku could not leave the castle without permission, and no women within the Ōoku were permitted to have a relationship with man. This system lasted for nearly 200 years.
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Here, too, the context indicates part of a fortification - either a fortified hill, or something like a tower or enceinte and, judging by the root of the word, probably a bulging or rounded one.
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The lines, also known as Santa Margherita Enceinte, were built to the designs of the Jesuit Cardinal Fra Vincenzo Maculano da Firenzuola.Baroque Routes. p. 16.Spiteri, C. Stephen (2001). Fortresses of the Knights. Malta.
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The Ninomaru Second Great Gate (Ninomaru Ote Ninomon) along with the Ichinomon (first gate), which has been dismantled, were known as the Nishikurogane gate and served as the main entrance to the Ninomaru enceinte.
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After the unification of Septème to Dauphiné, a more modern castle was constructed in the 14th and 15th centuries. The village has grown beyond the original enceinte, and now extends as far as the river.
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The northern part of the walls adjoins the acropolis of the city, which formed a separate fortified enceinte, and within it lies another citadel, the Heptapyrgion (), popularly known by the Ottoman translation of the name, .
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The shape of the castle, even during its first construction phase, corresponded largely to its present dimensions. It was protected by an enceinte and moats; in those days the Rhine flowed, according to historical engravings, immediately past its southern front - unlike today, where there is a road and wide riverbank zone between the castle and the river. However, the enceinte was thinner (1.6-1.7 metres) and lower than it is today. In the southeast corner there used to be a tower house (donjon), now gone.
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The Kitanomaru Park is located to the north and is the former northern enceinte of Edo Castle. It is a public park and is the site of Nippon Budokan Hall. This garden contains a bronze monument to .
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The curtain walls are dominated by the former chapel and a square tower which now serves as a bell tower. Successive enceintes, flanked with towers, surrounded the lower courtyards and sections of the town which, by the 16th century, extended as far as the banks of the Allier. Only the uppermost enceinte, which protected the manor house, still appears as a solid structure at the summit of the hill. The roughly circular enceinte, made up of irregular stretches of wall, is accessed by a ramp leading from the church.
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There are two lines of defence, an inner enceinte de sûreté, the bastion wall around the city, and an outer enceinte de combat, a system of concentric star-shaped earthworks. The curtain wall was largely octagonal, with each flank separated roughly into three and the outer bastion projecting slightly, so as to flank the centre of the walls. Each corner had a raised outwardly projecting pentagonal bastion tower, the highest points of the system. The outer earthworks were deep and occupied a greater area than the city itself.
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Built largely of brick, a rare material for such buildings at the time, around a circular enceinte, its major feature is its three large towers. Today it is open to the public and is considered one of Belgium's best-preserved castles.
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In addition to the partially preserved enceinte, three wall towers and the high bergfried have survived. The four towers are capped by steeply pitched gable roofs. The gable walls are made of brick. The bergfried and East Tower have stepped gables.
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View of the enceinte and mansize loopholes Entrance to the cellars Auersburg Castle is a ruined hill castle in parish of Hilders in the county of Fulda in Hesse, Germany. The site is used today as a shelter and viewing platform.
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View of the Vila Vella enceinte of Tossa de Mar from the beach The "Vila Vella enceinte" is the only example of a fortified medieval town still standing on the Catalan coast. Its present appearance dates back to the end of the 14th century. It still has the entire original perimeter with battlemented stone walls, four turrets and three cylindrical towers with parapets. At the highest point, where the lighthouse stands today, was, until the beginning of the 19th century, the castle of the Abbot of the Monastery Santa Maria de Ripoll, the territorial Lord of the town.
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The ministers and state secretaries sit to the left of the throne. Behind them sit members of the Council of State, the government’s highest advisory body. They all sit in the enceinte, an area enclosed by unobtrusive wooden barriers symbolising that the head of state is in conference with Parliament. Outside the enceinte are seats for the other High Councils of State, senior civil servants, high-ranking officers of the armed forces, senior members of the judiciary, the King’or the Queen's Commissioner of the province of South Holland, the mayor of The Hague and specially invited guests.
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C. J. Tabraham, Scotland's Castles (London: Batsford, 2005), , p. 16. Dunstaffnage Castle, one of the oldest surviving "castles of enceinte", mostly dating from the thirteenth century In England many of these constructions were converted into stone "keep-and-bailey" castles in the twelfth century, but in Scotland most of those that were in continued occupation became stone castles of "enceinte", with a high embattled curtain wall. In addition to the baronial castles there were royal castles, often larger and providing defence, lodging for the itinerant Scottish court and a local administrative centre. By 1200 these included fortifications at Ayr and Berwick.
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Fort Ricasoli has an irregular plan following the coastline of the peninsula it is built upon. The fort consists of a bastioned land front and its outworks, an enceinte facing the sea, and a tenaille trace facing Rinella Bay of the Grand Harbour.
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This completed the ring (enceinte) around the left-bank city. Each of the six bastions had a large caponier shielded by embankments connected to the cavaliers. There was also a separate caponier on Grobla (Graben) island, beyond the Graben Schleuse weir.Biesiadka, Gawlak, Kucharski, Wojciechowski, p.
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Focal- JMlab maintains a regular research and development program in speaker drivers’ technologies. Investments in this field have enabled the company to conceive various innovative concepts.Richard, FOCAL le retour de la vraie enceinte haute fidélité, on culturehd.com Ten innovations have been patented to date.
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The enceinte was demolished between 1820 and 1824 and the sculptures have disappeared.Château de Javarzay The orangery dates from 1854. The Château de Javarzay is the property of the commune. It was classified as a monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture in 1862.
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All fortifications have been classified "historical monuments" on January 15, 2014. Enceinte urbaine fortifiée The remains of walls and towers are the most outstanding to the north and east of the intramuros of Vitré, along the Promenade du Val with exceptional point of view.
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In the 1870s, the fortifications of Antwerp were deemed to be out of date, given the increased range and power of artillery and explosives. Antwerp was transformed into a fortified position by constructing an outer line of forts and batteries 6 to from the enceinte.
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View of Valletta and the Grand Harbour in 1801 In the 17th and 18th centuries, Valletta's fortifications were strengthened with the construction of various outworks, consisting of four counterguards along the land front, as well as a covertway and a glacis. The northern end of the peninsula, including Fort St. Elmo, was also enclosed in a bastioned enceinte (known as the Carafa Enceinte) in the late 1680s to prevent a landing from the sea. Despite the modifications, it was realized that the walls of Valletta were not strong enough to withstand a long siege. In 1635, construction of the Floriana Lines commenced, enclosing Valletta's land front.
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Fragments made of enceinte from 1 to 2 m in height have been preserved from the ring wall. There has been an increase in the terrain from gatehouse. There are no information boards on the site and the castle is not on the list of local attractions.
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The castle comprised 11 towers, a keep and two gates. It was constructed from limestone. Longwy: Château Fort The remains of the castle and the 17th century fortifications designed by Vauban Longwy: Enceinte fortifiée are listed as a monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture.
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The castle was built on a rocky outcrop dominating a pass. It is one of the oldest castles in Mâconnais. It consisted of a large irregularly shaped enceinte made of thick curtain walls. The entrance, to the north towards the plateau, was flanked by two fortified semicircular towers.
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The main gate was expanded into a massive gateway structure. Between 1486 and 1502 the castle was fundamentally remodelled and strengthened. At the southwest corner of the outer ward the mighty artillery roundel was built. The height of the enceinte was increased and designed with embrasures for arquebuses.
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The only relic from medieval times is the 35-metre-deep castle well in a roundel. The lowest terrace is surrounded by an enceinte which is supported on heavy pillars. In the 17th century it house several outbuildings and castellan's houses before they were destroyed by the French in 1682.
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Built on a rocky outcrop, this small castle is not very homogeneous in its construction. It was built with sandstone infilled with hardcore. Surrounded by a ditch, it is composed of an enceinte and a keep on the curtain wall. The latter, of circular plan, stands on a square buttressed base.
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The Bâtiment des Gardes and the enceinte seen from the upper ward. The Bâtiment des Gardes is the oldest Renaissance building and also the less decorated. It was built around 1500. Its slate roof is steep and as tall as the facade itself, which gives a massive look to the whole.
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Schloss Schöneck now consists mainly of buildings from the 19th and 20th century. Its medieval elements include its division into an upper and lower baileys. Medieval structures include the cellars and supporting walls, towers and part of the enceinte. On the uphill side are the remains of a neck ditch.
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Three materials were used in the construction. Basalt was used for the centre of the surrounding walls, all of the upper parts and for the external enceinte. The basalt came from the digging of the moat. Volcanic breccia, a conglomerate, was used for the parts of walls above a height of 7 m.
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Parts of the enceinte, a vaulted cellar, a few steps of the former tower house, and the foundations of the former tower staircase are still standing. Another staircase leads through the rocks to a viewing platform. On the southern slope of the rock, the ruins of the bailey Affenstein can be seen.
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General view of the castle in a lithography of 1826 from Mémoires of the Société des antiquaires de Normandie The first castle in Courcy was probably built of earth and wood. The structure of the fortification was conceived as a succession of three enceintes (one surrounding the village, another around the lower court and the last constituting the heart of the fortress): only the last remains. Surrounded by moats, the last enceinte was about 10 m high and defended by twelve towers, of which only nine round towers remain, and a square tower which probably served as a keep. Elsewhere in the enceinte are the remains of the Saint Catherine chapel, datable to the 12th century but having been greatly remodelled in the 15th-16th centuries.
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The watchtower was similar in design to the one at Zhengyangmen, but on a slightly smaller scale. The enceinte had a width of 78 metres and a depth of 86 metres. There were sluice gates and arches on the western side. Chongwenmen had a Guandimiao temple in the northeastern corner, built facing the south.
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Today, the castle appears as an ovoid enceinte, comprising a reduit and a lower courtyard. Building studies have identified different phases of construction from the 13th to the 16th century. From the 13th century, ruins include the remains of a residence with a storeroom and, probably, a watch tower. A chapel dates from 1085.
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Archbishop Leonhard von Keutschach had the plant rebuilt around 1500. 40 years later, the loop-shaped, 900 m long, 8 m high and 3 m thick enceinte and the semicircular bastions were created. In the following century Kropfsberg was one of the largest castles in Tyrol. It was protected by a double ring wall.
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The outer walls of the early Gothic castle chapel were once reinforced by an enceinte. Since its former vaults have collapsed, the remains of this church building are hardly recognizable any more. Some significant elements of the Philippsburg have also survived, especially its northwest tower and the south wall, which was restored in 2007/2008.
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The edifice is on the western end of a rocky outcrop. It consists of a fortified enceinte built dominated by the ramparts on three sides. The fourth side is closed by a curtain wall pierced by a gate. At the end of the north flank, a circular tower with several cannon holes protects the gateway.
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There have been three distinct castles on the site. The château de Renard, 961–1131, was situated within the upper part of the enceinte. The king, Louis VI, attacked and destroyed this castle in 1110 and again in 1131 when it seemed that it was secretly being rebuilt. Little trace of this is visible.
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Michaud pp. 105-106 In 1908, the municipal council began negotiations with the war ministry, resulting in two treaties ratified in 1912 to entirely demilitarise the fortifications, the first legal step towards their demolition.Michaud p. 108 On 19 April 1919, there was a vote on the laws to permit the demolition of the enceinte fortifications.
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The castles comprises a pentagonal enceinte. Almost the entire site was surrounded by a second lower defensive wall. On the uphill side was a neck ditch cuts across the saddle and would have formed the first obstacle to any attack. The remains of the gateway and foundations of the bridge may still be seen there.
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Honmaru palace and main keep The Honmaru is the central enceinte. It was the primary residential palace of the Owari lords and was destroyed during aerial bombardments in World War II. It has recently been reconstructed using the original methods and materials. The palace is open to the public as of June 1, 2018.
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6: valley-facing remains of the enceinte; 7: ascent to the Inner Ward; 8: Tower and building remains; 9: former entrance to the Inner Ward = Gate? 10: building remains = Kitchen? 11: building remains = Chapel? 12: viewing platform and projecting wall section; 13: Bergfried The irregular and very inaccessible castle site rises through four levels.
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Of the relatively small castle, little remains apart from the mighty bergfried remains. A steep path leads from the Chapel of St Anne below the castle to the former external gateway. The wall up to the bergfried has largely survived. After a further of steep climb the visitor reaches the few remains of the enceinte and palas.
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Shimizu-mon The is the northern enceinte next to the Honmaru. It was used as a medicinal garden (Ohanabatake) during the shōguns rule. During the 17th century, the Suruga Dainagon residence was there as well, which was used by collateral branches of the Tokugawa clan. Today this site is the location of the public Kitanomaru Park.
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The castle was built as a polygonal enceinte dominated by a square keep in the south-west corner.Jules Martin-Buchey, Géographie historique et communale de la Charente, Châteauneuf, 1914-1917 (reprinted Bruno Sépulchre, Paris, 1984), p. 234 Its construction dates from the 12th or 13th centuries. Living accommodation was built against the north face of the tower.
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Library of the Institut islamique Created in 1964 and situated in the enceinte of the Grand Mosque, the Institut islamique is a public institution under the direction of the Senegalese Minister of Education, dedicated to Islamic research and teaching. The library of the Institute, named for prince Naef Ben Abdelaziz Al-Saoud was opened 9 October 2004.
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The circular plateau of the castle has a diameter of about 35 metres and its surface is level. On the north, east and part of the south sides, the restored enceinte may still be seen. Two low mounds in the northwestern part of the castle are probably the remains of buildings. A section of restored wall has survived.
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In the inner bailey are the ruins of residential buildings. In the centre of the western part of the enceinte are the remains of a tower, perhaps the old bergfried. In addition, the site is accessed via two surviving gates. A third gate in the southeastern section of the outer wall was probably wall up in the Middle Ages.
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On work having been completed, stone building appeared to be one story containing gin shop, Classic principal facade, and Victorian Gothic back yard and flank facades. Lime-trees were planted in the yard and some sculpture work installed. Walking into the enceinte one could find under the feet a bas-relief portrait of Polish poet and writer Adam Mickiewicz.
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Hence apparently the reason for strengthening the walls of the enceinte on this side. After passing the southern gateway the assailants would be comMan ded from the lower citadel. They Would then be encountered by the cross wall. If that obstacle was overcome the besieged would run round the east side and into the two citadels.
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Finally, a study on pregnant womenA. Le Tohic, H. Bastian, M. Pujo, P. Beslot, R. Mollard, P. Madelenat. Effets de l’électrostimulation par Veinoplus® sur les troubles circulatoires des membres inférieurs chez la femme enceinte, Gynécologie Obstétrique & Fertilité, 2009, volume 37, n°1 p.18-24. has proven that Veinoplus has no side effects on foetus and pregnancy.
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First east gate of the Honmaru The east gate was a structure similar to the south gate in its layout and appearance. It led from the Ninomaru into the Honmaru enceinte. It was also constructed around 1612. The First East Gate was a sturdy gate that formed a square together with the smaller outer second gate on the right.
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Wiesenthau family according to Siebmacher's Armorial The west side (2020) The south side (2020) Schloss Wiesenthau stands on the northeastern edge of the eponymous municipality at the foot of the Ehrenbürg in northern Bavaria. The Renaissance building is a three-winged country house with 4 mid-16th century corner towers and the remains of an enceinte.
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The first protective wall (enceinte)—Major Provost's palisade—was built by command of Governor General of New France Louis de Buade, sieur de Frontenac and completed just in time for the Battle of Quebec in 1690. Three years later, a plan by engineer Josué Boisberthelot de Beaucours for new, wide enceinte was developed by the French military engineer Jacques Levasseur de Néré and approved in 1701 by King Louis XIV's Commissary General of Fortifications, Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban. The proposal to build a full fort was deemed by the government in France to be too costly, despite both the importance and vulnerability of Quebec City. After the fall of Louisbourg in 1745, considerable work on the battlements took place under the direction of military engineer Gaspard-Joseph Chaussegros de Léry.
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Understanding the Castle Ruins of England and Wales: How to Interpret the History and Meaning of Masonry and Earthworks. London: MacFarland, 2009. p. 137. . (, Halbschalenturm or Schanzturm) is a fortified stone tower in an external wall or castle enceinte that is open, or only lightly constructed, at the rear. Towers of this type were used, for example, in city walls.
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Wrote Ernst and Lorentz, "the censor conscious producer would not allow the movie to show the girl enceinte, thus destroying the whole plot." William Cameron Menzies provided set decoration, or production design, with the film crediting him for "settings". Cinematography was by Karl Struss. The song "Coquette", written by Johnny Green and Carmen Lombardo, has since become a jazz standard.
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To the south of the corps de logis, a vast courtyard is enclosed in the south and west by the remains of an enceinte. In the south west corner, there is a square tower; in the south east corner, a round tower. The castle is privately owned. It has been listed since 1993 as a monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture.
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PO-Midi E 543, with the 'enceinte' nose This class originated on the PO with the two class locomotives of 1925. These had four traction motors, one per axle, driving through Buchli drives and following Swiss practice. They were considered to be more reliable in service than other PO electric locos. The locomotives operated from a catenary with two pantographs, powering four motors.
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The castle comprises an upper and lower wards. The upper ward lies on an oval plateau, 45 metres × 80 metres in area. Here there are various residential and domestic buildings, towers and the castle well, surrounded by a enceinte. In a residential building measuring 10 metres × 8.5 metres is a ladies' apartment (Kemenate) an old hot air heating system was uncovered during excavations.
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In the corners of the enceinte, projecting buttresses supported structures now disappeared. An arched construction in the middle of the courtyard could have been used as a cistern. The keep is constructed on a flat base of pebble concrete interspersed with lines of bricks, in a typical Gallo-Roman style. Above the main door are the arms of Gaston Fébus.
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Archive documents from 1749 indicate a castle built on an octagonal plan. Originally, it comprised a central keep, surrounded by an octagonal enceinte and a moat. Inside, the residences of the servants and cattle sheds were against the enclosing wall. In the 15th century, semicircular towers were added to each side of the octagon, one of them replacing the keep.
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The effect of both barriers was to enhance an 'island feeling' for Deurne. This was further promoted by the establishment of the Brialmont fortifications around Antwerp. Deurne was split apart and the western part of Deurne (Borgerhout) was to become a separate municipality. The rest of Deurne now lay outside the enceinte and became physically and mentally more separated from Antwerp.
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At the start of the 20th century, the owner constructed a house in the lower court and planned to destroy the castle to sell the materials. The remains of the former castle were inscribed as a monument historique on 3 October 1929 and classified on 4 September 2007 for the enceinte and its towers, the remains of the barbican and the grounds.
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It was one of the favourite residences of Duke Francis II who was remarried there, to Marguerite de Foix in 1474. He built a second rectangular enceinte flanked by artillery towers. Around 1590, the troubled period of the French Wars of Religion necessitated the construction of three terraced bastions on the south. Thus, three lines of defence in depth protected the site.
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Despite that, a few of its buildings were made habitable again. It was reported in 1844 that the castle was in private hands; it was torn down and its materials utilised. Today, the castle is owned by the Cultural History Society of Mannweiler-Cölln. The remains of the enceinte, a corner outwork, the flanking towers and the foundations of the bergfried have survived.
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The ramparts stretch out north and south of the tower. The wall is well-reserved for 40 metres; numerous ghouses have been built into it. The round walk is on the ramparts; it is still possible to make out the extent of the round walk around the enceinte. Guards would have been able to see the entire surroundings and were protected by crenellations.
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The ruins of Zavelstein The ruins of Zavelstein at Christmas Of the former Hohenstaufen castle only the late Romanesque inner ward survives. Other recognisable remains are the two neck ditches, the gateway, the ruins of the palas, a vaulted cellar, parts of the shield wall and other wall remains of the enceinte and zwinger and the 28-metre-high bergfried.
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This was an important success for the Spanish who had now worked their way with galleries and ditches along the whole length of the counterscarp till they were nearly up with the Porcepsic. Soon after the Spanish assaulted the main Porcepsic itself but were repelled with further losses, but despite this Spinola then undertook a formal siege of the enceinte.
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Significant construction took place in the 13th, 16th and 17th centuries. In an almost pentagonal plan, the remains of the castle consist of four towers with an entry pavilion. The western side of the enceinte comprises a residential building with a tower at each end. The southern face is in two parts, to the left there was a residential building now destroyed.
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Parts of the Fukiage garden are sometimes open to the general public. The old Honmaru, Ninomaru, and Sannomaru compounds now comprise the East Gardens, an area with public access containing administrative and other public buildings. The Kitanomaru Park is located to the north and is the former northern enceinte of Edo Castle. It is a public park and is the site of the Nippon Budokan.
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Following restoration, the Gothic arch at the entrance to the enceinte was transformed to the shape of a basket handle. In the castle's courtyard is a well partly dug into the rock and covered with a conical roof. The Château de Couanac is private property and is open to the public. It has been listed since 1974 as a monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture.
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The Château de Vincennes, where a new keep was completed under Charles by 1380, was the first example of these palace fortresses. The keep at Vincennes was highly innovative: six stories high, with a chemin de ronde running around the machicolated battlements; the luxuriously appointed building was protected by an enceinte wall that formed a "fortified envelope" around the keep.Durand, p.81; Purton, p.
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In 2002 a second, larger wedding room was opened. Of the original defences of the Sababurg, restoration work has uncovered parts of the enceinte with its flanking gate and ditche and bank works. Only the outer walls of the palas have survived. In addition to the two mighty corner towers with their welschen Hauben, which are used by the hotel, a small staircase tower has also survived.
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Apart from the Late Romanesque St. Matthias' Chapel and the bergfried little other than a few remains of the enceinte have survived. The castle has a rectangular ground plan and measures about 110 by 40 metres. The ground and upper storey of the roughly 9 by 9 metre, square bergfried are vaulted. Access to the second floor is via a staircase in the wall.
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The rectangular castle lies on the southern edge of the market village. The former wide moat has been largely filled in or has silted up. The western part of the mediaeval enceinte was pulled down in the 19th century and replaced by domestic buildings. On the other sides, the walls are still up to five metres high and there is a narrow zwinger in front of them.
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The Châtel de Sassy is a ruined castle in the commune of Sassy in the Calvados département of France.Ministry of Culture: Château fort dit le Châtel de Sassy The castle dates from the 11th century. A charter from 1175 records the owner as Robert de Sassy. A study in 1887 described the remains as a large rectangular enceinte with a turret in each corner.
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Productions Liber & Editions Minerva, Fribourg/Geneva. After the duc de Berri's death, Lusignan became briefly the property of John, Dauphin (died May 1417) and then passed to his brother, Charles, the future Charles VII. First the village, then the town of Lusignan, grew up beneath the castle gates, along the slope. It formed a further enceinte (surrounding fortification) when it too was later enclosed by walls.
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Other units of the 1st Panzer Division moving on Gravelines met about fifty men of C Troop, 1st Searchlight Regiment at Les Attaques, about south-east of Bastion 6 in the Calais enceinte. C Troop had built a roadblock with a bus and a lorry, covered by Bren guns, rifles, and Boys anti-tank rifles and held out for about three hours before being overrun.
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The fortifications of Famagusta consist of an enceinte which is surrounded by a rock-hewn ditch on the landward side, and the harbour on the seaward side. Like the fortifications of Rhodes, which were built by the Knights Hospitaller between the 14th and 16th centuries, the walls of Famagusta show the transition between medieval fortification and the bastioned fortifications of the early modern period.
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The appearance at the premiere of the infamous Duchess, visibly enceinte, thus contributed to the public success of the play.Philippe Erlanger, Le Régent, 1985, p.241. On 11 February 1719, the Duchess of Berry attended another performance of Oedipus played for her nephew Louis XV at the Louvre. Wearing a splendidly embroidered robe à la Française, the princess sat next to the infant king.
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Fort de Valros plan The fort was protected externally by a dry moat and a first enceinte, the braie, defining a peripheral circuit, the lice. This lice was, in case of need, defended by a clever device of horizontal removable posts. In the north east corner of the braie, a broken stretch of wall suggests the location of the access bridge. The modern footbridge now stands there.
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Having ground broken in the 11th or 12th century originally as Slavic enceinte positioned on the western fringe, fort- post was on top of Castle Hill. It comprised considerably smaller dimensions comparatively to modern encompassing ragged outline. Facing forward stone bulwark plummeted two meters down turning into convoluted mirroring shaped to the crag drop-off. The fastness as it appears nowadays was laid out in the 1290s.
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The terrain of the outer bailey has been largely changed in modern times. On the rocks in the south the remains of a strong, almost square tower are still visible. This bergfried-like tower was used in post-medieval times as a gaol and therefore referred to as the "Diebsturm" ("Thieves' Tower"). Below it there used to be a small round tower in the enceinte.
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In the late 20th century, Corradino was converted into an industrial estate. The Corradino Lines were damaged during the course of development in the area. Despite this, most of the V-shaped enceinte and the ditch are still intact, although they are hidden from view amongst various factory buildings. Plans are being made to restore the Corradino Lines and turn them into a recreational park.
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Night view of the castle. The Château de Morlanne is a restored castle in the commune of Morlanne in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département of France.Ministry of Culture: Château de Morlanne This imposing brick fortress, forming a polygonal enceinte, is a powerful 14th century structure with gateways, a courtyard, moats and a high keep. Inside is a manor house dating from the end of the 16th century.
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The castle is a heptagonal building with unequal angles and sides. The enceinte is constructed of bricks with pebbles arranged in places in the shape of fern leaves. The corners are constructed of large dressed stones; some stones have been re-used and have evidence of sculpture. The brick built keep is constructed on a square plan and was formerly reached by a drawbridge.
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The keep is one of the first known examples of rebar usage. The towers of the grande enceinte now stand only to the height of the walls, having been demolished in the 1800s, save the Tour du Village on the north side of the enclosure. The south end consists of two wings facing each other, the Pavillon du Roi and the Pavillon de la Reine, built by Louis Le Vau.
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A castle was recorded in Bélarga before 1281, in a document concerning the construction of a village. An enceinte commanded by this fortress was built at the end of the 13th century or the beginning of the 14th century. The building dominated a ford over the Hérault which was subject to a toll. The area belonged to the Guilhem family, powerful lords of Clermont-Lodève (today Clermont-l'Hérault).
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Modern emblem of Sail-sous-Couzan The castle is composed of three enceinte walls surrounding a 13th-century keep. During the Middle Ages, there was a square dressed stone into which a basin was cut - the pierre à Dîme (tithe stone). Each peasant owed to the lord a share of his harvest which he threw into the dîme. On each side of the stone were carved faces surrounded by a sun.
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In 1047 the local baron, Grimoult of Plessis was executed for an attempted coup against the Duke of Normandy and his lands were given to the duke's half brother, the Bishop of Bayeaux, to become part of his diocese.Élisabeth Zadora-Rio : Enceinte fortifiée du Plessis-Grimoult. In 1131 the local church was dedicated to Saint Stephen. Around 1135, William the Conquerer's former chaplain, Richard Samson, was the local priest.
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At the start of the 17th century, the castle was furnished with a new system of defence, including a round walk. At the same time, windows were added and the internal layout altered. In the west elements of the mediaeval enceinte can be seen in the wine cellar. Works carried out between 1604 and 1613 concentrated on providing windows and on doubling the height of the east façade.
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Until 1804, the castle served as the seat of Eichstätt officials (Amtmänner and pfleger. In the wake of secularisation, a revenue office (Rentamt) was created in the rooms for 2 years. In 1806, the Bavarian state sold the complex to private buyers, who built their own houses against the enceinte and demolished several buildings. In 1867, stone taken away to be used to build the stations of Adelschlag and Tauberfeld.
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By the end of 2006 other conservation measures had been carried out on the palas. Here the gaping hole in the cellar vault was sealed up with brick. One of the Renaissance double windows that was in serious danger of collapse was given an internal steel support frame. The masonry of the exposed enceinte, with its opus spicatum infill, was made safe, as was the top of the chapel walls.
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A garden was laid out on the site of the barracks. Beyond two flanking towers was the inner bailey, surrounded by a enceinte accessed by a staircase tower, both rebuilt around 1900. Within the inner bailey was a five-story palas, demolished in 1794 and survived only by its undercroft, called the Witch's Cellar (Hexenkeller). The cellar was once used as a students' prison by the University of Heidelberg.
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During the War in the Vendée (1793-1794), the men of the "infernal columns" commanded by General Lachenay shot 31 inhabitants of Pouzauges who had taken refuge in the enceinte of the old castle. This act was committed on 26 January 1794 at the end of a banquet offered by the republican to General Grignon. On the same day, the surrounding villages were burnt and a number of inhabitants were massacred.
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During the Kan'ei era (1624–44), the first lord of Owari Tokugawa Yoshinao (1601–1650) had a kiln constructed at the corner of the Ofuke enceinte (Ofukemaru) in the northern part of the grounds of Nagoya Castle. This type was called oniwa-yaki (literally "garden ware"). Almost every feudal lord had his own oniwa-yaki, also to have gifts made. Potters from Seto were invited to make pottery.
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The name of Septème reflects its location: at the seventh milepost on the Roman road between Vienne and Milan. A Roman camp had been established here, on a hill overlooking the valley. A castle was recorded here in the 11th century and the village developed next to it. During the second half of the 12th century, the site was encircled by a strong enceinte one kilometre in length with three gates.
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Built as a fortified site in the 13th century, an enceinte was developed during the 14th. A new castle was built in the second half of the 15th century. Decoration from around 1515–1531 survives, as well as work carried out in the 17th century. The seigneurial residence, where the original kitchen remains, includes very beautiful chimneys from the 15th century as well as frescos from the 16th century.
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The city of Antwerp was defended by numerous forts and other defensive positions, under the command of the Military Governor General Victor Deguise, and was considered to be impregnable. Since the 1880s, Belgian defence planning had been based on holding barrier forts on the Meuse (Maas) at Liège and at the confluence of the Meuse and the Sambre rivers at Namur, to prevent French or German armies from crossing the river, with the option of a retreat to the National redoubt at Antwerp, as a last resort, until the European powers guaranteeing Belgian neutrality could intervene. The National redoubt consisted of a dozen older forts around outside to the city, completed in the 1860s, with an enceinte around the town abutting the Scheldt estuary at either end, with wet ditches around the enceinte and forts. The principal line of resistance comprised a ring of outside the city, which had been built after 1882.
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Ramstein Castle consists of an inner bailey and its associated domestic buildings on an oval area measuring roughly 37 × 57 metres. Of the former enceinte (curtain walls and corner towers) few remains survive. The Gothic castle is a tower house with a trapezoidal ground plan measuring 13 × 10.8 metres. It is estimated that its outer walls, 1.35 metres metres thick and made of rubble stone, were once 25 metres high and had four storeys.
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The surviving curtain walls are predominantly of three phases. The west and north sides of the enceinte are defended by rectangular towers (including the Trim Gate) dating to the 1170s; the Dublin gate was erected in the 1190s or early part of the 13th century; and the remaining wall to the south with its round towers dates to the first two decades of the 13th century. The castle has two main gates.
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The Castle of Saignes facade The Château de Saignes is a ruined castle in the commune of Saignes in the Lot département of France.Ministry of Culture: Château de Saignes The castrum of Saignes, with its ancient chapel outside the enceinte, became the property of the Lagarde family in the 14th century. Pierre de Lagarde, ambassadeur extraordinaire of Francis I, carried out a restoration of the estate. The castle fell into escheat during the 19th century.
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The castle site was a vast almost circular enceinte, separated from the town by a ditch, with a circular central keep and other buildings. The castle's appearance is known from several sources, notably in an engraving by Weiss that appeared in the Alsatia Illustrata de Schoepflin, a painting by Gutzwiller from about 1844, and a sketch by Winkler dated 1883. A copy of a plan from 1766 gives a precise configuration of the site.
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The Battle of Port Royal (19 May 1690) occurred at Port Royal, the capital of Acadia, during King William's War. A large force of New England provincial militia arrived before Port Royal. The Governor of Acadia Louis-Alexandre des Friches de Menneval had only 70 soldiers; the unfinished enceinte remained open and its 18 cannon had not been brought into firing positions; 42 young men of Port-Royal were absent. Any resistance therefore appeared useless.
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Le château de Bressuire, Histoire et Patrimoine du Bressuirais The castle is a fine example of medieval military architecture. In 1190, the castle consisted of an enceinte almost 700 metres around, with 38 towers circling the first fortress, itself defended by eight towers. The visible remains date essentially from the end of the 12th and the start of the 13th century. The fortress included three enceintes, of which the outermost has now disappeared.
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However, Gaspard II de Coligny was restored to his rights in 1570, repaired the castle and built a second enceinte. These rights passed via Louise de Coligny to the children of her second husband, William of Orange, founder of the Netherlands. At the start of the 17th century, Orange installed Gédéon de Vaufin (or Waulfein) as governor in the castle with a small Protestant garrison. Vaufin forbade Catholics entry to the church.
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The castle stands on top of a hill. The buildings are distributed around an irregular shaped enceinte divided into two by a wall separating the farmyard of the lower courtyard from the residential court. The latter, of lengthened rectangular form, is flanked in the north-western and north-eastern corners by square towers. A wing at right angles occupies the east side; it is connected by a section of wall to a third square tower.
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The attack side is guarded by a neck ditch hewn deep into the rock. Behind the shield wall rises a modest domestic building of which the enceinte has only partly survived. Access to the castle was not over the moat, but up a staircase hewn out of the rock on the south side. Around the crag is an almost rectangular lower ward, of which only a few wall remains can still be seen.
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Map of Paris from 1911 showing Thiers fortifications surrounding the city. The Thiers wall and the Porte de Versailles at the turn of the 20th century. On the right is the rampart and the stone scarp wall, on the left is the counterscarp and beyond that the sloping glacis, with the slums of the zone just visible in the background. The Thiers wall (Enceinte de Thiers) was the last of the defensive walls of Paris.
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Tour de Clermont The Château de Clermont (also known locally as Tour de Clermont) is a ruined 11th century castle in the commune of Chirens in the Isère département of France.Ministry of Culture database: Château de Clermont (ancien) From the 10th century, Chirens belonged to the Clermont-Tonnerre family. They built a castle on the Clermont hill overlooking the Chirens valley. The castle was built with a triple enceinte and with an irregular pentagonal keep.
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Inside of the elevated entrance with its hewn-out trunnion ring The ruins of a fortified, double-winged palas and an enceinte (Bering) are visible on the northern side by the old road. Three of the walls, which are well over a metre thick, have survived; the east wall facing the valley has collapsed. The quoins have a clear border (Kantenschlag). One additional wall divides the site into an eastern and western half.
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The construction of the Old Castle was completed in 1307. It was originally surrounded by a broad, water- filled moat and an enceinte. Next to the castle, under Archbishop Baldwin of Luxemburg, construction of the Baldwin Bridge over the Moselle began in 1342. Archbishop Otto von Ziegenhain included the castle in the strong new fortifications of the city with the construction of the western round tower and the bridge gate to the Balduin Bridge.
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Nogi Warehouse After the deployment of a garrison of the Imperial Army in 1872, the whole Sannomaru enceinte of the castle was placed under their control in 1874. The warehouse was probably constructed in 1880 (Meiji 13) as an army ammunition depot. It was named after General Nogi Maresuke, who was posted to Nagoya during the early Meiji era (1868–1912). It is the only warehouse that has survived in the Ofukemaru.
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A small window opens out above the entrance; this bay measures 0.9 m by 0.5 m externally and 0.6 by .01 internally. The east wall is pierced by a large opening. Within the enceinte formed by the ramparts linking the two towers which defended the north east and south west, are three walls of 4 to 5 metres in height which formed the three sides of an edifice which seemed to have been a church.
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The tower itself is located on the northeastern corner of the enceinte, with the northern and eastern walls of the latter connecting directly with it. The tower is square, measuring , and built with careful masonry of rough-hewn stones, with multiple or lone bricks in the vertical and horizontal joints, and with ashlar blocks on the corners. Belts of four rows of bricks denote the levels of the second and third floor. The tower survives to considerable extent.
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Their rear sides were open so as to offer an invading enemy no cover. Such semi-circular or rectangular towers have survived at countless castles and fortifications. They are a further indication that a castle would not be given up even after the enceinte had been breached. The largest main tower of a medieval European castle, the mighty donjon of the French Château de Coucy, was still viewed as a threat during the First World War.
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The roof platform was wide enough to deploy culverins whose longer barrels increased their accuracy. North of the tower are the remains of an enceinte which used to surround it, and immediately to the northeast is a castle well, now filled in. Little France was linked to the main castle by a tunnel which, for much of its length, was a concealed ditch covered by stone slabs and concealed with earth and vegetation; it has almost entirely collapsed.
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His son, a young man of twenty-four years, was also killed. Mr. > Massipost and a son of eight years escaped to New Ulm. > The daughter of Mr. Schwandt, enceinte [pregnant], was cut open, as was > learned afterward, the child taken alive from the mother, and nailed to a > tree. The son of Mr. Schwandt, aged thirteen years, who had been beaten by > the Indians, until dead, as was supposed, was present, and saw the entire > tragedy.
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A little below the inner ward there is a 32-metre × 8-metre palas, with its great hall, as well as a neighbouring tower and dungeon. The first construction phase of the castle is dated to the 12th century, and its expansion was probably carried out between 1170 and 1180. The large outer ward belongs to a more recent building phase. It was surrounded by a rampart and moat system as well as an enceinte with 13 demi-bastions.
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Nevertheless, they were able to keep a few bases: Ceuta (1415–1668), Tangier (1471–1661) and Mazagan (1502–1769).City walls: the urban enceinte in global perspective James D. Tracy p.352 The Battle of Ksar El Kebir in 1578 was a landslide event, as the Portuguese king Sebastian of Portugal was killed in the encounter and his army eliminated by Moroccan forces in alliance with the Ottoman Empire. The Portuguese ramparts of Mazagan (modern El Jadida).
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In 1452, the Ribeaupierres entrusted the safety of their part of the castle to the knights of Andolsheim; the Hattstatts followed suit in 1463. With the death of the last Andolsheim knight in 1472, guardianship of the castle passed to Herrmann Waldner. The castle was notorious for acts of banditry perpetrated by its occupants.Château du Haut Eckerich on Châteaux Forts d'Alsace website A chapel was added in 1460, built outside the original enceinte, against a thick surrounding wall.
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Of the upper bailey (Oberburg) that was built on rocks only a few wall remains have survived. However, in 1980, a 22-metre-high observation tower was built on the top of the rocks that was opened in 1981. In 1859 the buildings of lower bailey (Unterburg), including the gate tower, domestic buildings and enceinte, were restored for the Prussian Forestry Commission. These buildings were further converted into the present-day castle cafe and headquarters of the Hunsrück Club.
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The medieval site was relatively small and, according to the findings from excavations, comprised a bergfried, a main house and a secondary building as well as an enceinte. The castle used the existing banks and ditches of an earlier fortification. The gateway was probably in the south where, even today, a farm track runs up the hill. On the western slopes of the castle hill was a well, by the mule track, that was used by the castle inhabitants.
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A tower and part of castle's enceinte remain. The castle was owned by the Abramsberg noble family, which lived in Šturje. A stone Roman milestone with a dedication to Julian the Apostate was discovered in the castle in the 19th century; the milestone is now kept at the National Museum of Slovenia in Ljubljana. Roman coins dating to the second century AD were also found at the castle, and it was later used for defensive purposes against Ottoman attacks.
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In Modern German, is predominant in representing , as in Einstein, while the equivalent digraph appears in only a few words. In English orthography, can represent many sounds, including , as in vein, as in seize, as in heist, as in heifer, as in enceinte, and or as in forfeit. See also I before e except after c. In the southern and western Faroese dialects, it represents the diphthong , while in the northern and eastern dialects, it represents the diphthong .
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A holder of the 2nd court rank, junior grade (ju-ni-i), he had the title of dainagon (major counselor). During the Kan'ei era (1624-44) he had a kiln constructed at the corner of the Ofuke enceinte (Ofukemaru) of Nagoya Castle and invited potters from Seto to make pottery there. This became known Ofukei ware. Yoshinao began learning Shinkage-ryū from Yagyū Hyōgonosuke at age 16, and was named the 4th sōke at age 21.
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In the course of the archaeological educational dig, several pits that had been opened by grave robbers were filled and part of the high medieval enceinte of the inner bailey were exposed. This brought to light the remains of a floor of stone flags and a toilet. The garderobe opening was in the wall, the partially preserved waste pipe led into the moat before the construction of the zwinger system. Safety work has not yet finished.
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Buildings of monumental significance in Abanilla include the La Iglesia de San José (the Church of San José) (18th century), El Sagrado Corazón (Sacred Heart) in Abanilla Town and Barinas, La Casa de la Encomienda, La Casa Cabrera, La Casa Pintada, El Monumento a las Fiestas de Moros y Cristianos (the Monument to the Festivals of the Moors and Christians) and La casa del francés (the French's house). There is a destroyed medieval enceinte in Abanilla.
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The fortifications include a massive square keep with a high round tower on one side, an assortment of buildings and defensive works. Mullioned windows in the old seigniorial residence and the interior murals in the vault and the western building date from the Renaissance. The military architecture of 13th and 14th centuries is evident from the use of a natural defensive site with a double enceinte. It was an important local seigniory which exploited nearby silver mines.
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Various temples and villas, as well as administrative buildings, were located on its grounds. On the eastern side, the large stone foundations of the Sannomaru East Gate are still visible. Located in the Sannomaru enceinte were the Tōshō-gū shrine and the Tennosha shrine, which housed the guardian deity of the castle. Both shrines played an important role in the religious life of the castle, and rituals and festivals were held in honour of the spirits enshrined.
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The main castle and inner gateway Access to the castle site today is through the gate in the outer bailey on the western side. The gate and enceinte belong to the first phase of construction (1418/32). To the right rises a mighty artillery roundel (built in 1501, but later increased in height), that was added under Gossembrot. After about 30 metres the main gate of the inner bailey is reached, in front of which wings were later added.
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The neighbouring castle of Eisenberg was also strengthened in the 16th century on the recommendations of Dürer. Two domestic buildings stood in the castle courtyard, which were joined together forming an angle with one another. The square walls of the smaller one have partially survived, the outer wall of the larger building was also the enceinte of the original castle, but the east wall has disappeared. At the southwest corner the round, vaulted, chapel tower has survived.
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Ruins of the bergfried The castle consists of an inner and outer baileys. The inner ward includes the remains of the defensive bergfried, the enceinte and two residential buildings. The older east building dates to the 14th century; excavations in 1990-93 uncovered its cellar. The ruin on the west side of the inner bailey that can be seen from far away is what remains of the east end of the palas and the adjacent rectangular powder tower.
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The present keeps were the central point of a massive fortress. The vast area covered by the castle extended between the River Sèvre to the markets and the modern Préfecture building to the rue Thiers, and was enclosed by an enceinte comprising approximately ten towers. The southern keep is 28m (~95 ft) tall, reinforced with turrets and is 13.5m long on one side. The northern tower is slightly shorter at 23m and measures 14 x 15m.
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At the end of the 14th century, the construction of a residence tower and a habitable building redefined the space creating what is now referred to as the reduit. This configuration was maintained in the 15th and 16th centuries with the construction of a new building and the rebuilding of the enceinte. Over the centuries, the site improved its residential qualities while safeguarding its defensive structures. The castle knew a long period of occupation, which can be traced over at least six centuries.
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For maximum protection, the bergfried could be sited on its own in the centre of the castle's inner bailey and totally separate from the enceinte. Alternatively, it could be close to or up against the outer curtain wall on the most vulnerable side as an additional defence, or project from the wall. For instance, the Marksburg has its bergfried in the centre, and Katz Castle on the most likely direction of attack. Some, like Münzenberg and Plesse Castles, have two bergfrieds.
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The remaining floors each have two rooms which, in addition to living quarters, were used as storerooms and garrison rooms (Mannschaftsräume). The tower was heated and had toilets from its early days. To be able to defend it well, its elevated entrance on the south side was well above ground level and could only be reached by ladder. Only when the main gate and the enceinte had been built, were the present ground-level entrance and a staircase tower built.
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It was designed at the same time as the keep at the Château de Pflixbourg. The first curtain wall, which included the keep, was replaced after 1261 by a wall enclosing the keep, according to a contemporary plan, which allowed an uninterrupted circuit of the walls and strengthened defences on the side likely to be attacked. In the 14th century, the castle was the residence of the imperial provost or bailiff. Following a fire, the enceinte was raised to 4 m.
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An episcopal bailiff occupied it until the French Revolution (1789). The enceinte was surrounded by a moat which was filled in by the 18th century. Houses built in the castle courtyard and against its walls were destroyed by a fire in 1877 which also damaged the castle - it was left in runs for many years. In 1885, it was bought by the Bishop of Strasbourg through the mediation of a M. Stumpf who wanted to build a chapel dedicated to Saint Leo.
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The improvements included the addition of batteries to the fortifications of Valletta and Senglea, and the construction of the Carafa Enceinte around Fort Saint Elmo. Grunenbergh came to Malta again in 1687, and designed and paid for the construction of batteries and other major alterations to Fort St Angelo. To honour his contribution, he was made a Knight of Devotion of the Order of St. John. His coat of arms and a commemorative inscription are also located at the fort's main gate.
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He entrusted the boy to the care of the Anayama of Kai Province. After Ieyasu's move into the Kantō region, Nobuyoshi was granted a 30,000 koku fief centered on Kogane Castle in Shimōsa Province. From Kogane he was moved to Sakura Castle, and a fief of 100,000 koku. In 1600, for his service as rusui-yaku for the western enceinte of Edo Castle, Ieyasu (victorious in the wake of the Sekigahara Campaign) gave his son the 250,000 koku Mito fief.
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An 1845 ad for "French Periodical Pills" warns against use by women who might be "en ciente [sic]" ("enceinte" is French for "pregnant"). From 1870 there was a steady decline in fertility in England, linked by some commentators not to a rise in the use of artificial contraception but to more traditional methods such as withdrawal and abstinence. This was linked to changes in the perception of the relative costs of childrearing. Of course, women did find themselves with unwanted pregnancies.
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The old three-decker forts, five in number, which formerly constituted the principal defences and had resisted the Anglo-French fleets during the Crimean War, became of secondary importance. From the plans of Eduard Totleben a new fort, Constantine, and four batteries were constructed (1856–1871) to defend the principal approach, and seven batteries to cover the shallower northern channel. All these fortifications were low and thickly armoured earthworks with heavy Krupp guns on their ramparts. The city is surrounded by an enceinte.
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The gate formed an important part of the castle's defenses, being the main portal into the western Nishinomaru (西之丸) enceinte. It sustained major damage in the 1891 Mino–Owari earthquake and the Hasuike Gate (蓮池門 Hasuikemon) dating from Genroku 17 (1704) was relocated here from the former Edo Castle in Tokyo in 1911 as a replacement. This gate however completely burnt down in an air raid in 1945 and was reconstructed with reinforced concrete in 1959.
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In the 16th century, Antoine de la Tour added a tower in the north- western corner, a large horseshoe-shaped tower in the south-western corner, and other walls, parts of which remain on the north and south sides, the latter with a corner tower. with turn of angle. Inside the enceinte, the vestiges on the ground or hidden provide little help to suggest how the inhabited parts were divided. In the north-east, are remnants of an arched room and a chimney.
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The ruined Fort Saint Elmo was rebuilt and integrated into the city walls. The area around St Elmo was strengthened a number of times later on in the 17th century, especially by the building of the Carafa Enceinte in 1687. San Salvatore Bastion and Counterguard, part of the Floriana Lines With the development of new technologies, by the 17th century it was realised that while Valletta's fortifications were well designed, they were not strong enough to withstand a heavy attack.
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Intended to secure Quebec City against the Americans and serve as a refuge for the British garrison in the event of attack or rebellion, the Citadelle incorporated a section of the French enceinte of 1745 and the layout was based on Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban's design for an arms, munitions, and supplies depot, as well as a barracks. That, though, was somewhat of an anachronism by the time of the fort's completion, in comparison to other contemporary European military architecture. Additional buildings were completed in 1850.
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Alexander III's early death sparked conflict in Scotland and English intervention under Edward I in 1296. The resulting Wars of Independence brought this phase of castle building to an end and began a new phase of siege warfare. Dunstaffnage Castle, one of the oldest surviving "castles of enceinte", mostly dating from the thirteenth century The first recorded siege in Scotland was the 1230 siege of Rothesay Castle where the besieging Norwegians were able to break down the relatively weak stone walls with axes after only three days.
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Wide angle view of the keep Only traces remain of the earlier castle and the substantial remains date from the 14th century. The castle forms a rectangle whose perimeter is more than a kilometer in length (330 x 175m). It has six towers and three gates, each originally 13 meters high, and is surrounded by a deep stone lined moat. The keep, 52m high, and its enceinte occupy the western side of the fortress and are separated from the rest of the castle by the moat.
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The Municipal Museum, built in Late Gothic style, is situated in the Governor's House, inside the Vila Vella enceinte. It used to be the residence of the jurisdictional governors of Tossa de Mar and its environs, who ruled for the Abbots of the monastery Santa Maria de Ripoll. The museum was opened on 1 September 1935. It houses an important collection of contemporary art with works of Spanish and foreign artists who frequented Tossa de Mar during the 1930s, such as the Celestial Violinist by Marc Chagall.
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In the mid-18th century, a bastioned enceinte was proposed around the tower, but it was never built. Eventually, Fort Chambray was built on the opposite side of Mġarr. The tower had a small chapel dedicated to St Catherine of Siena and later St Martin that was intended for use by the four militia members in the tower but was also open to the public. It became an unofficial parish church for the people of the nearby villages. After 243 years, the tower was demolished in 1848.
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T. W. West, Discovering Scottish Architecture (Botley: Osprey, 1985), , p. 21. They varied in size from the very large such as the Bass of Inverurie, to more modest designs like Balmaclellan.C. J. Tabraham, Scotland's Castles (London: Batsford, 2005), , p. 16. In England many of these constructions were converted into stone "keep-and-bailey" castles in the twelfth century, but in Scotland most of those that were in continued occupation became stone castles of "enceinte" from the thirteenth century, with a high embattled curtain wall.
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Around 1500 the enceinte was reinforced with flanking towers and the late Gothic bergfried in converted into the butter churn shape (similar to that in Idstein). In the early 17th century the castle went into the possession of the lords of Staffel. In a deed dated 18 January 1680 Adolf Johann Karl Freiherr von Bettendorf (successor to the childless Gerhard Adam von Staffel) received the schloss and village of Falkenstein as a Nassau-Weilburg fief. The end of the castle came after the Thirty Years' War.
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The museum was located in the Old Drill Hall of Lower Saint Elmo. The building was originally a gunpowder magazine, that was converted into an armoury in around 1853. Anti-aircraft gun crews were trained there during World War II. Lower Saint Elmo is the lower part of Fort Saint Elmo, built in the 18th and 19th centuries. It was built after the original star fort (Upper Saint Elmo) and the outer fortifications (Carafa Enceinte), and is the most dilapidated part of the fort.
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Abe held this position throughout the administrations of Shōgun Tokugawa Ieyoshi and Tokugawa Iesada, working to unify shogunal politics. He supervised the reconstruction of the western enceinte of Edo Castle in 1852, and was awarded an increase of 10,000 koku in income for this service. In the meantime, he kept the shogunate abreast of foreign political developments, such as the outbreak of the First Opium War, which provided an impetus to strengthen the nation’s coastal defenses to help maintain the isolationist policies of the time.
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The powerful citadel was designed and constructed in the reign of King Ferdinand VI of Spain and named San Fernando (Sant Ferran). In the form of a circular bastioned enceinte, the fortress stood on a hill overlooking Figueres and the highway from Barcelona to Perpignan, France. To reach the front gate, an attacker had to march up a steep slope on a road with several switchbacks. Sant Ferran fortress capitulated to the French Republican army of General of Division Dominique Catherine de Pérignon on 28 November 1794.
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The term is German. Originally it was taken to be the palisade, the bank on which it stood and the ditch in front of it. In the High and Late Middle Ages the term also included the outer curtain wall or enceinte of a castle or city, otherwise known as the "Zingel wall" (Zingelmauer), which conformed to the surrounding terrain. Often also called a "mantle wall" (Mantelmauer) or Bering, the term survives today in German street names, for example, in Eckernförde, Hildesheim, Husum, Meldorf or Salzgitter.
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The castle ruins stand in the valley of the Fare, south of Château-la-Vallière, close to the hamlet of Vaujours. The castle, of typical military architecture, stands on a mound in the middle of a lake whose waters feed the moats which surround it. It is formed of two fortresses: a bailey to the west and the castle to the east. The entry to the double enceinte is defended by two cylindrical towers and a flying bridge, flanked to the north by a bastion.
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The keep and the halls, partially destroyed, were renovated in the flamboyant style. Eventually, during the 16th century, the château obtained its definitive appearance when the new Renaissance palace was built against the medieval enceinte. After the French Revolution, the château was sold and divided several times, and was finally transformed into an administrative centre, with the seat of the sous-préfecture, a court and a police station. All these offices closed down after 1970, and nowadays the château is partly opened to visitors.
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Nabatean (west) Gate of the ancient City of Bosra Of the city which once counted 80,000 inhabitants, there remains today only a village settled among the ruins. The 2nd century Roman theater, constructed probably under Trajan, is the only monument of this type with its upper gallery in the form of a covered portico which has been integrally preserved. It was fortified between 481 and 1231. Further, Nabatean and Roman monuments, Christian churches, mosques and Madrasahs are present within the half ruined enceinte of the city.
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Inverlochy is now a ruin, but is unusual because it has remained unaltered since it was built in the reign of King Alexander III. The castle is sited on the south bank of the River Lochy, at the strategically important entrance to the Great Glen, a key passage through the Scottish Highlands. With one side defended by the river, the castle's other three sides were originally protected by a water-filled ditch. Inverlochy is a castle of enceinte, with its main defence being a substantial curtain wall.
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In the 14th century it fell into ruin and was completely unknown until its rediscovery in the 18th century. The core fortress in particular was thoroughly excavated in the 20th century. Excavations carried out since 2007 have brought new understanding to the hitherto largely unexplored outworks. Since 2010 the palace complex with foundation and enceinte, as well as earthworks, has been partially reconstructed and is now open to the public as the Archäologie- und Landschaftspark Kaiserpfalz Werla (Archaeological and Wilderness Park of the Imperial Palace of Werla).
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The Malakoff Tower covered the suburb, flanked on either side by the Redan and the Little Redan. The town was covered by a line of works marked by a flagstaff and central bastions, and separated from the Redan by the inner harbour. Lieutenant Colonel Eduard Totleben, the Russian chief engineer, had begun work on these sites early in the war. Through daily efforts to rebuild, re-arm and improve the fortifications, he was able to finally connect them with a continuous defence system enceinte.
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Embattled troops gave up their positions. On September 4 or 5th of 1676 Turkish-Tatar army commanded by Ibrahim Pasha seized the castle by exploding main bearing wall. Stronghold defenders all together with people sheltered inside fiercely resisted the assault and having been defeated in the aftermath were executed had their throats slashed. The Castle was burnt, fringe and entrance towers sustained most of the damage. Guardians of then under aged Stefan Aleksander Potocki, castle’s owner, partially restored the enceinte on having Turks retreated.
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The remaining fortifications, an enceinte and an eight-metre-high shield wall with two flanking towers, show elements of Gothic architecture and appeared in the 14th or 15th centuries. Presumably by the middle of the 14th century, when the Langenaus built New Langenau Castle as their main residence, the castle no longer served as a noble seat, but primarily as a base from which to manage the estate. In 1613 the Langenau family died out. The castle changed ownership several times in the years that followed.
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The cone with the walls on it is seen from a great distance and appears very small indeed. But on near approach it is seen to be but the inner citadel of a place of considerable size and strength for the times in which it was built. On the south-west the outer wall or enceinte is entered by a rude gateway of a single pointed arch about eight feet high and five feet broad. As usual there is a curtain of solid masonry inside.
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Besieged in 1793 by Prince Josias of Coburg, it was relieved by the victory of Wattignies, which is commemorated by a monument in the town. It was unsuccessfully besieged in 1814, but was compelled to capitulate, after a vigorous resistance, in the Hundred Days. As a fortress, Maubeuge has an old enceinte of bastion trace which serves as the center of an important entrenched camp of 18 miles perimeter. The fortress was constructed after the War of 1870 but has since been modernized and augmented.
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Following the 1541 Fall of Agadir, the Portuguese had to abandon most of their settlements between 1541 and 1550, although they were able to keep Ceuta, Tangier and Mazagan.City walls: the urban enceinte in global perspective, James D. Tracy, p.352 The fortress of Castelo Real of Mogador fell to the local resistance of the Regraga fraternity four years after its establishment, in 1510. The Portuguese-built Castelo Real of Mogador was defended under Abd el-Malek II by a garrison of 100 Moroccans.
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Old Ninomaru second east gate The old Ninomaru second east gate, also called the East Iron Gate, was the outer gate of the Ninomaru enceinte on the east side. It was a box-like structure with two separate doors opening into and out of the enclosure. In 1963 the gate was dismantled and stored temporarily to make way for the construction of the Aichi Prefectural Gymnasium. In 1972 the gate was relocated to the site of the old Honmaru east gate, where it stands today.
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Although the Order of Saint John built extensive fortifications around most of the Grand Harbour area, Corradino was not fortified. A proposal to build a bastioned enceinte was made in the 1670s following the fall of Candia, but this was never built due to a lack of funds. The only military building on the headland was a polverista at Ras Ħanżir, which Pinto built in 1756. Malta was eventually taken over by the British, and the island became the Royal Navy's main base in the Mediterranean.
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The site, which developed from a zwinger castle with a gateway, has an inner bailey with connecting wings, an outer bailey and substantial enceinte walls. It also has a prominent 30-metre-high bergfried, with a copper tower, an area of 9.8 × 9.8 metres and wall thickness of 3.2 metres, which is square below and hexagonal above, furnished with embrasures. The castle chapel was dedicated to St Mary, St. Barbara and St. Catharine. The feudal castle is and example of the Romanticism of the 16th century.
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The château seen from the bank of the Beauronne The early fort, Castrum Agoniacum, residence of the Bishops of Périgueux, was erected around 980 by Bishop Frotaire de Gourdon to defend Périgueux from the Normans.Guy Penaud, Dictionnaire des châteaux du Périgord, p. 12, éditions Sud Ouest, 1996, The oldest parts of the present château are the remains of the enceinte and the keep, which date from the 12th century, and the chapel from the 13th. The other buildings were modified between the 16th and 19th centuries.
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T. W. West, Discovering Scottish Architecture (Botley: Osprey, 1985), , p. 21. They varied in size from the very large, such as the Bass of Inverurie, to more modest designs like Balmaclellan.C. J. Tabraham, Scotland's Castles (London: Batsford, 2005), , p. 16. In England many of these constructions were converted into stone "keep-and-bailey" castles in the twelfth century, but in Scotland most of those that were in continued occupation became stone castles of "enceinte" from the thirteenth century, with a high embattled curtain wall.T. W. West, Discovering Scottish Architecture (Botley: Osprey, 1985), , p. 26.
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On the slope of a small hill, the Château de Domeyrat overlooks the village and the valley of the Senouire River. A rectangular curtain with a round tower at each angle protects the main building and the keep, without courtyard; it is surrounded by a second enceinte. Two of the angle towers are decorated with paintings of the 16th century (hunting scenes in the north-western tower, religious scenes in the south-eastern tower, where the chapel wasMérimée database, French Ministry of Culture: Pictures of Domeyrat, accessed 1 June 2008).
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Symbolic trees representing each prefecture in Japan are planted in the northwestern corner of Ninomaru enceinte. Such trees have been donated from each prefecture and there are total of 260, covering 30 varieties. The small Ninomaru Garden at the foot of the castle hill was originally planted in 1636 by Kobori Enshu, a famed landscape artist and garden designer, but it was destroyed by fire in 1867. The current layout was created in 1968, based on a plan drawn up during the reign of ninth shogun, Tokugawa Ieshige.
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The Société pour la Conservation des Monuments historiques en Alsace (Society for the conservation of historic monuments in Alsace) acquired the castle in 1866 and has owned it ever since. From 1972, the castle was restored by the Société pour la Restauration et la Conservation du Château de Katzenthal (Society for the Restoration and Conservation of the Château de Katzenthal).Information board on site The castle was listed in 1984 as a monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture. In 1991, the surrounding enceinte was also listed.
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The Auricher fiefdom was created by the Duke of Normandy for a family who got the name Aurichier from a place down in the Seine Valley and built the castle with a chapel (Sainte-Honorine) on top of a cliff overlooking the Seine. The square keep was surrounded by a trapezoidal enceinte, defended in the 13th century by three square towers. In 1360 it was partly destroyed on the orders of officials from Harfleur. Rebuilt later, it was taken by the English in 1415 at the same time as Harfleur.
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Economic activity was mainly based on farming, with a few mills located on the banks of the many streams which washed the area, as well as small craft workshops settled down in the borough. The daily round was rarely disturbed. In 1602 there was a fire, and a larger fire 1778 on 9 November with fourteen of the main buildings in the village burned down. From this time, to prevent accidents happening, all inflammable products such as straw, wood and coal were stored in a place outside the enceinte.
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All that remains today are the circular keep and its curtain wall (13th century) and their flanking towers, altered in the 15th century. The enceinte running along the promontory is from the end of the 13th century. :« ... :Tes ruines à Brosse ont la fierté de l'aigle :Vainement le débris près de la tombe gît :Brosse ! Brosse ! à ce nom tout un passé surgit :Un passé de bravoure où l'honneur est la règle :... » ::(Extract from a poem by Émile Vinchon) It has been listed as a monument historique since 1935 by the French Ministry of Culture.
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Her last movie was Good Neighbor Sam in 1964. Flowers's acting career was not confined to feature films. She was also seen in many episodic American TV series, such as I Love Lucy, notably in episodes, "Lucy Is Enceinte" (1952), "Ethel's Birthday" (1955), and "Lucy's Night in Town" (1957), where she is usually seen as a theatre patron. Outside her acting career, in 1945, Flowers helped to found the Screen Extras Guild (active: 1946-1992, then merged with the Screen Actors Guild), where she served as one of its first vice-presidents and recording secretaries.
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The construction of the new works were overseen by Guillaume Dode de la Brunerie, the inspector-general of engineers and chairman of the fortifications committee.LePage 2006, p. 178 The fortifications not only included a continuous defensive wall or enceinte around the capital, but also a line of sixteen bastion forts lying between 2 and 5 kilometres from the wall. Although designed for all-round defence, these forts, such as Fort d'Issy, were not positioned so as to be able to support each other, unlike the polygonal forts being built by the Prussians at that time.
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Work on Valperga's modifications to the lines progressed slowly, and by the beginning of the 18th century the outworks, glacis and enceinte facing Marsamxett were still unfinished. Works continued under a number of other engineers, including Charles François de Mondion, and the lines were largely complete when Porte des Bombes was constructed in 1721. Further alterations were made over the following decades, such as the construction of the Northern Entrenchment in the 1730s. In 1724, the suburb of Floriana was founded in the area between the Floriana Lines and the Valletta Land Front.
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City Walls: The Urban Enceinte in Global Perspective. Cambridge University Press (2000), p. 196 . He was the official laureate of Valentinian III and Aetius. Till the beginning of the 19th century he was known only from the notice of him in the Chronicle (year 443) of his contemporary Hydatius, where he is praised as a poet and orator, and mention is made of statues set up in his honour. In 1813 the base of a statue was discovered at Rome, with a long inscription belonging to the year 435 (CIL vi.
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The 12th century curtain wall of Château de Fougères in France, showing the battlements, arrowslits and overhanging machicolations. In medieval castles, the area surrounded by a curtain wall, with or without towers, is known as the bailey. The outermost walls with their integrated bastions and wall towers together make up the enceinte or main defensive line enclosing the site. In medieval designs of castle and town, the curtain walls were often built to a considerable height and were fronted by a ditch or moat to make assault difficult.
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The last two levels are dated to the Akkadian period. The first two levels were excavated; the findings include a temple named the Enceinte Sacrée, which was the largest in the city but it is unknown for whom it was dedicated. Also unearthed were a pillared throne room and a hall with three double wood pillars leading to the temple. Six more temples were discovered in the city, including the temple called the Massif Rouge (to whom it was dedicated is unknown), and temples dedicated to Ninni- Zaza, Ishtarat, Ishtar, Ninhursag and Shamash.
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The seaward enceinte had been completely overhauled by 1878, and by the 1900s, new gun emplacements, searchlights and a torpedo station had been installed. In the 1930s, concrete fire control towers were built on No. 2, No. 3 and No. 4 bastions, and further searchlights were installed. Fort Ricasoli was active in the defence of Malta during World War II, and on 26 July 1941, its guns helped repel an Italian attack on the Grand Harbour. In April 1942, the gate and Governor's House were destroyed by German aerial bombardment.
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After the Order emerged victorious from the siege, it received financial support from Europe, which was used to construct the new capital city on the Sciberras Peninsula. The Italian engineer Francesco Laparelli was sent by the Pope to design the city's fortifications, which were designed along the Italian bastioned system. Laparelli's original design consisted of a bastioned enceinte, with nine cavaliers and a ditch. The city was to be designed along a grid plan, and was to include a naval arsenal and a Manderaggio (a harbour for small ships).
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Information board by the entrance with details of the dates of construction zwinger with its flanking tower The large battery tower in the southwest (outer bailey) Educational motif of an arquebusier in the northwest of the outer bailey The castle was built mainly in three large construction phases. The original castle (1418–32) was somewhat smaller than the surviving ruins. It consisted of two angled residential buildings in the courtyard, a bergfried-like main tower in the east and a chapel tower. This inner bailey was surrounded by a short enceinte.
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Ruins of the Oberburg The Oberburg or "Upper Castle" is located on a hilltop that was levelled in order to construct the castle. It had, as can still be seen from the ruins, an almost triangular enceinte and a five-story bergfried or fighting tower that has been made accessible again. From the bergfried there is a clear view of the Niederburg or "Lower Castle", the town of Manderscheid and the countryside of the Lieser valley. The place name of Manderscheid is first recorded in a deed of gift by Ottos II to the Archbishop of Trier dating to 973.
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The castle ruins consist of parts of the enceinte and two square towers, one dating from the 13th century and the other from the 15th. The corps de logis, rebuilt in the 19th century in a neo-medieval style, was acquired by the painter and tapestry maker Jean Lurçat, who set up his workshop there, decorating the walls, ceilings, doors and windows. Numerous works of the artist are preserved here, including tapestries, paintings and ceramics made between 1943 and his death in 1966. The logis and the furniture were given to the département by his widow.
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The enceinte, part of the shield wall, the 18-metre-high bergfried on a base of 6.75 by 6.75 metres with its elevated entrance at a height of four metres, building remains on the east side and two artillery towers are well preserved. The size of the inner ward was about 90 by 30 metres. the square bergfried dates to the 14th century; the round turret on the top to the 15th century. The whole of the ruins are currently (as at: end 2013) open from March to October daily from 10:00 to 19:00 hours.
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On February 10, 1991, CBS aired a television movie titled Lucy & Desi: Before the Laughter, about the lives of Lucille Ball and Desi Arnaz. The movie recreated a number of scenes from classic I Love Lucy episodes, including "Lucy Thinks Ricky Is Trying to Murder Her" and "Lucy Does a TV Commercial." Frances Fisher starred as Lucy and Maurice Benard as Desi. On May 4, 2003, CBS aired a television movie titled Lucy, portraying the life of Lucille Ball and recreating a number of scenes from classic I Love Lucy episodes, including "Lucy Does a TV Commercial", "Lucy Is Enceinte", and "Job Switching".
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Later, in the Muromachi period (1337–1573), Seto glazes were refined and the styles developed there spread to other areas in Japan such as modern Gifu Prefecture. Later Seto works were given a brown iron glaze and fired at high temperatures to create glossy surfaces. During the Kan'ei era (1624–44), the first daimyō of Owari Domain Tokugawa Yoshinao (1601–1650) had a kiln constructed at the corner of the Ofuke enceinte (Ofukemaru) of Nagoya Castle and invited potters from Seto to make pottery there. The Aichi Prefectural Ceramic Museum in Seto has a large and exemplary collection of Seto ware.
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As a result of marriages the castle went via the Lord (Freiherr) Raitz von Frentz in the 18th century to Lord Beissel of Gymnich. Again through marriage the castle went via George Anthony Beissel of Gymnich in the 20th century to the House of Abercron, who own and live in it today. The "castle" has a quadrangular layout of domestic buildings with a two-storey, rectangular manor house of rubble stone with a half-hipped roof that was built around 1791. Of the former medieval hill castle only the stump of a round tower and some remains of the enceinte have survived.
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In its form, Tantallon follows on from the 12th-century castles of Bothwell and Kildrummy, as a castle of enceinte, or curtain wall castle. It was the last of this type to be built in Scotland, as the smaller tower house was becoming increasingly popular. For example, Threave Castle, built at around the same time by Earl William's cousin Archibald the Grim, is a much more modest tower. There are also similarities between Tantallon and "courtyard" castles, such as Doune, which also dates from the late 14th century, and is entered via a passage beneath a strong keep tower.
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Construction of the Cottonera Lines began in 1670, but work was suspended ten years later due to a lack of funds. By this time, the bastioned enceinte was complete, but other crucial parts such as cavaliers, ravelins, the ditch, the glacis and the covertway had not yet been built. In the early 18th century, some efforts were made to complete the lines, although they still lacked some crucial elements. In 1724, San Salvatore Bastion, the northernmost bastion of the Cottonera Lines and the closest to the city of Birgu, was converted into a retrenched fort by French military engineers.
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Picasso's domestic arrangements found expression in his artwork in figures of nurturing or caring. La guenon et son petit was prefigured by his sculpture Homme et mouton ("Man and sheep") made in Paris in October 1944 and exhibited at the Salon d'Automne in October 1945; a cast was unveiled in the centre of Vallauris in 1950. It was followed by his 1950 works Femme enceinte ("Pregnant woman"), Chèvre ("She-Goat") and Femme à la pousette ("Woman with pushchair"), taking inspiration from Françoise and the children. All use the technique of assemblage which Picasso has used since at least 1914.
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The lower ward, which is laid out in a ring around the foot of the rock on which the upper ward is built, goes back to Hohenstaufen times, at least in its southern and western sections. The shape of the irregular polygon is again repeated on the expected direction of attack, so that there is a triple defence here consisting of enceinte, mantlet wall and bergfried. Thus the southern part of the lower ward was built shortly after the upper ward at the end of the 13th century. The northern part with its zwinger may not have been added until the 15th century.
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The ground plan of the castle is rectangular, and it has a three-tiered defence system consisting of wall circuits enclosed within a moat and a central keep. The central keep is situated in the northern part of the castle and is known as the Tower of Homage. There are two curtain walls that enclose the enceinte, but the outer curtain wall is not intact. Today there are traces of the outer curtain wall, as well as a number of towers – some in ruins others standing – that mark the boundary where the outer moat circled the castle.
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Different types of fortifications can be found: a small enceinte around the church, a row of fortifications around the church or a real fortress with multiple fortification walls centered on the church. The churches have been adapted to include defensive functions; all of them are either Romanesque basilicas or single-nave churches of the late Gothic period. The churches often include many additions, ranging in age from the original period in which the churches were built Late Middle Ages to the sixteenth century. Many churches also include baroque elements from that period, as the baroque style was very popular in the region.
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Helfenburk Castle A chamber gate () is a type of gateway system on medieval town fortifications and castles that comprises at least two successive gateways linked by an easily defended passageway between two walls. Chamber gates can be built in the space between two enceintes or built into an enceinte as an independent gateway. Because relatively few fortifications are surrounded by a complete second defensive wall, chamber gates are frequently found in short Zwinger sections. Chamber gates were often integrated into existing buildings and protected by the defensive levels above them, by defensive towers or by portcullises and drawbridges.
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In the course of this work the outer ward was demolished. Today only the remnants of the enceinte testify to its existence. In 1949, ownership of the ruins was transferred to Rhineland- Palatinate's State Department for Conservation, who entrusted it to the Management of State Castles of Rhineland-Palatinate (Verwaltung der staatlichen Schlösser Rheinland-Pfalz, today the Burgen, Schlösser Altertümer Rheinland-Pfalz). The latter had work carried out several times (last in 1988/89) in order to expose elements of the building that had been filled in, as well as to carry out safety and restoration work.
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By this time, the bastioned enceinte was mostly complete and parts of the ditch had been excavated, but other crucial parts such as cavaliers, ravelins, the glacis and the covertway had not yet been built. In the early 18th century, some efforts were made to complete both the Cottonera and the Santa Margherita Lines. Gunpowder magazines were built on St. James and St. Clement Bastions, while Fort San Salvatore was built on St. Salvatore Bastion. The lines were eventually completed in the 1760s, but the ditch was left unfinished while the outworks and cavaliers were never built.
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Dashtadem Fortress () is a substantial fortress of the 10th to 19th centuries located at the southern outskirts of Dashtadem village in the Aragatsotn Province of Armenia. In a cemetery south of Dashtadem, lies the restored 7th- century Kristapori Vank which may be viewed in the distance from the fortress. 12th-century inscription on the keep An octagonal walled enceinte surrounds the fortress and was constructed during the beginning of the 19th century. A continuous line of eight bastions and curtain walls encloses interior fortifications; seven regular polygonal bastions and a single semi-circular or "half-moon" bastion to the north.
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In England many of these constructions were converted into stone "keep-and-bailey" castles in the twelfth century, but in Scotland most of those that were in continued occupation became stone castles of "enceinte", with a high embattled curtain wall. The need for thick and high walls for defence forced the use of economic building methods, often continuing the tradition of dry-stone rubble building, which were then covered with a lime render, or harled for weatherproofing and a uniform appearance.I. Maxwell, A History of Scotland's Masonry Construction in P. Wilson, ed., Building with Scottish Stone (Edinburgh: Arcamedia, 2005), , p. 24.
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All the temples were located in the center of the city except for the Ishtar temple; the area between the Enceinte Sacrée and the Massif Rouge is considered to have been the administrative center of the high priest. The second kingdom appears to have been a powerful and prosperous political center, its kings held the title of Lugal, and many are attested in the city, the most important source being the letter of king Enna-Dagan c. 2350 BC, which was sent to Irkab-Damu of Ebla,. In it, the Mariote king mentions his predecessors and their military achievements.
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The double curtain wall of the enceinte was constructed at the beginning of the 12th century by Raimond I, Bishop of Marseille, to protect his right to levy tolls. All that remains today are ruins. The castle is also known under the name of Castèu-Vièi (literally "old castle" in Provençal), and also as Château de la Reine Jeanne - Castle of Queen Jeanne (Joan I of Naples) - though there is no documentary record to confirm that it was ever in her possession or that she could have come to live there; however, the legend holds on.
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Following the fall of Candia to the Ottomans in 1669, a second line of fortifications, the Cottonera Lines, began to be built encircling both Birgu and Senglea, as well as the unfinished Santa Margherita Lines. They were begun in 1670, but works stopped in 1680 again due to a lack of funds. By this time, the bastioned enceinte had been built, although other crucial parts had not yet been constructed. Eventually, some effort was done to complete both the Santa Margherita and Cottonera Lines in the early 18th century, although some of the planned ravelins, cavaliers, ditch and other fortifications were never constructed.
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Dunstaffnage Castle is one of the oldest surviving "castles of enceinte", mostly dating from the thirteenth century. Scotland is known for its dramatically placed castles, many of which date from the late medieval era. Castles, in the sense of a fortified residence of a lord or noble, arrived in Scotland as part of David I's encouragement of Norman and French nobles to settle with feudal tenures, particularly in the south and east, and were a way of controlling the contested lowlands.G. G. Simpson and B. Webster, "Charter Evidence and the Distribution of Mottes in Scotland," in R. Liddiard, ed., Anglo-Norman Castles (Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 2003), , p. 225.
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The castle appeared gloomy and severe, with four round towers dominated by a square keep, with no openings on the sides. When Antoine de Marcilly died aged 25 with no direct heirs in 1371, the castle passed to his sister Béatrix, last of the Marcilly line. She had married Mathieu de Talaru in 1364; thus the seigneurie of Chalmazel passed to the Talarus, an old noble family from the Lyonnais. Following the destruction of the Château de Marcilly, the Talarus withdrew to the castle at Chamazel and, in 1400, they built the ramparts, in the form of a pentagonal enceinte and added machicolations to the keep.
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As was typical for fortifications from this time, the walls of the enceinte were set at a slight angle so as to better deflect artillery fire. Although the majority of the original early nineteenth-century structure survives, some aspects of the fort’s defensive features have been modified to accommodate the fortification’s use by the Greek military into the twentieth century. For example, some of the battery platforms were excavated and the bastions were pierced to create better- protected casemates. Also, all service buildings within the enclosure appear to be completely of twentieth-century manufacture, with the exception of a small masonry building that leads down to a powder magazine.
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View of Paris in the 1600s with the wall of Philippe Auguste (in the foreground) and the wall of Charles V (at the top of picture) The wall of Charles V, built from 1356 to 1383 is one of the city walls of Paris. It was built on the right bank of the river Seine outside the wall of Philippe Auguste. In the 1640s, the western part of the wall of Charles V was demolished and replaced by the larger Louis XIII wall, with the demolished material reused for the new wall. This new enclosure (enceinte) was completely destroyed in the 1670s and was replaced by the Grands Boulevards.
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Also during this season, Joe writes a children's book ("The Book of Joe"), Peter and Lois open a cookie store ("Baking Bad"), Stewie becomes pregnant with Brian's baby ("Stewie Is Enceinte"), Meg becomes a foot fetish model ("This Little Piggy"), and Brian and Stewie take Chris back through time to help him with his history class, with the three ending in chaos on the Titanic ("Stewie, Chris, & Brian's Excellent Adventure"), There is also a Christmas episode with the return of Jesus, who claims that he has never had sex ("The 2000-Year-Old Virgin"), and Peter attempts to beat up guest star Liam Neeson ("Fighting Irish").
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The Fat Woman Next Door is Pregnant (originally published in French as La grosse femme d'à côté est enceinte, and translated into English by Sheila Fischman in 1981) is a 1978 novel by Canadian author Michel Tremblay. The story takes place over the course of a single date, May 2, 1942, in the Plateau Mont-Royal neighborhood of Montreal. It focuses on several working- class families as well as two prostitutes. It is known across the francophonie as one of the great Canadian pieces of French language literature, utilizing the unique Canadian dialect of French to express the issues of both the early and late twentieth century in Québec and abroad.
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The Torrelobaton Castle is situated on the outskirts of the village on almost the same level, as is the case with many 15th-century seigneurial Castilian fortresses. It has a square ground- plan, with circular turrets at three of the corners and the keep set into the fourth, protecting the gate. The castle was surrounded by an enceinte, of which there are some remains, and a ditch, now mostly filled in. It otherwise lies in the tradition of seigneurial fortresses that, except in some older castles or in those built on raised ground, have a quadrilateral ground-plan with the keep set into one of the corners.
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In the 13th century, a curtain wall or wall of enceinte was constructed around the island, enclosing most of the area above the high tide line. Scant remains of these walls can be traced on the ground, running around the northern end of the island. The eastern and southern segments of this wall are largely obscured by later development, although the enclosure is assumed to have contained an area of around . At the northern point of the wall the foundations of a large tower survive, measuring around and the remains of foundations suggest further towers at the north-east and southwest corners of the enclosure.
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However, a United States Army commission who visited in 1856 noted that the glacis, which rose above the floor of the ditch, only partially protected the vulnerable masonry of the scarp wall. Originally, there was a covered way which passed along the top of the counterscarp below the crest of the glacis, but by 1856 this had largely been eroded away.Delafield 1860, pp. 197-198 The enceinte wall was serviced and supplied by the Rue Militaire ("military road") which passed directly behind the works; different sections of which were named after various Marshals of France and are collectively called the Boulevards des Maréchaux,LePage 2006, p.
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Rear of the castle Taunton was a typical Norman keep of the first half of the twelfth century, long by wide, in three stories, with walls some thick. This was let into the walls of an inner ward with a stone enceinte and, there was an outer bailey represented by the modern "Castle Green". Until the late 17th century the castle was still used as a prison. By 1780, many parts of the castle had fallen into a bad condition and were repaired in a Georgian style by Sir Benjamin Hammet, a banker of Lombard Street, London, and the Member of Parliament for Taunton.
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"I think I am a rare breed," he said, "A homosexual who doesn't like men." He claims one of his biggest regrets in life was not telling his mother that he was gay, before she died. His latest play to receive wide acclaim is For the Pleasure of Seeing Her Again, a funny and nostalgic play, centered on the memories of his mother. He later published the Plateau Mont-Royal Chronicles, a cycle of six novels including The Fat Woman Next Door is Pregnant (La grosse femme d'à côté est enceinte, 1978) and The Duchess and the Commoner (La duchesse et le roturier, 1982).
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The gravestone of the last Marschalke of Rauheneck in the parish church of St. Kilian at Pfarrweisach The palas in August 2005 zwinger system with its partially preserved bretèche Zwinger, bretèche and the remains of the old enceinte Advanced state of decay of the castle chapel According to legend, Rauheneck Castle had been built around 1180 the Brambergs after the destruction of their nearby castle had forced them to leave. Thereafter the family named itself after their new castle. In 1231, the free knight, Louis of Ruheneke, placed himself, half the castle and other sundry estates under the lordship of the Bishopric of Würzburg. This was almost certainly not by choice.
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The castle was created by Henry of Blois in 1141 by linking the two Norman halls with a curtain wall which would have finally obliterated any remaining parts of the Anglo-Saxon palace. It was the scene for the Rout of Winchester in which the Empress Matilda assaulted the castle later in 1141, during the period of civil war known as The Anarchy. It was the castle's first and only siege, when it was held for Stephen by the retainers of Bishop Henry. The besieged defenders of Wolvesey burnt with fireballs all the houses of the city which were too near the enceinte and gave cover to the enemy.
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City walls: the urban enceinte in global perspective James D. Tracy p.352 With help of the Ottomans, the Wattasids under Ali Abu Hassun were able to conquer Fez once more in early 1554, but that conquest was short-lived, and Mohammed ash-Sheik was able to vanquish the last Wattasids at the Battle of Tadla, and recapture the city of Fez in September 1554.A history of the Maghrib in the Islamic period by Jamil M. Abun-Nasr p.157 During the Ottoman Siege of Oran (1556), Mohammed ash- Sheikh, who was allied with the Spanish, managed to capture Tlemcen from the Ottomans.
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En continuant mon ascension, j'arrive à un bordj ou citadelle, qui mesure soixante-quatre pas de long sur cinquante et un de large. Fondé sur le roc, à cent mètres au moins an-dessus de la vallée qu'il commande, il est construit avec de gros blocs assez régulièrement taillés. Dans l'intérieur de l'enceinte qu'il circonscrit il y a une seconde enceinte, beaucoup plus mal bâtie et évidemment plus moderne. Autour de ce bordj, actuellement abandonné, règne un fossé creusé dans le roc vif, et les parois rocheuses qui constituent la contrescarpe sont percées de plusieurs cavernes, dont quelques-unes servent aujourd'hui de refuge aux bergers, quand ils viennent faire paître leurs troupeaux sur cette montagne.
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Ruins of the pentagonal keep of the Château du Grand Ringelstein The Château du Grand Ringelstein (or Château Ringelsbourg) is a ruined castle in the commune of Oberhaslach in the Bas-Rhin département of France. Dating from the beginning of the 13th century, it is built around several sandstone rocks at an altitude of 644 m. At the summit of the rocks there are only meagre remains of buildings, including the remnants of a pentagonal keep in the north, the most accessible part of the site. By contrast, the polygonal enceinte that surrounds the group of rocks is still well-preserved, particularly on the south west side, where one can see several small fully arched openings.
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The birlinn, which developed from the longship, became a major factor in warfare in the Highlands and Islands. By the High Middle Ages, the kings of Scotland could command forces of tens of thousands of men for short periods as part of the "common army", mainly of poorly armoured spearmen and bowmen. After the "Davidian Revolution" of the twelfth century, which introduced elements of feudalism to Scotland, these forces were augmented by small numbers of mounted and heavily armoured knights. Feudalism also introduced castles into the country, originally simple wooden motte-and-bailey constructions, but these were replaced in the thirteenth century with more formidable stone "enceinte" castles, with high encircling walls.
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In the earlier thirteenth century, during the reign of Alexander II (ruled 1214–1249), a large curtain-wall castle (wall of enceinte) was constructed that enclosed much of the island. At this time the area was at the boundary of the Norse-Celtic Lordship of the Isles and the Earldom of Ross: Eilean Donan provided a strong defensive position against Norse expeditions. A founding legend relates that the son of a chief of the Mathesons acquired the power of communicating with the birds. As a result, and after many adventures overseas, he gained wealth, power, and the respect of Alexander II, who asked him to build the castle to defend his realm.
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The enceinte wall itself was constructed following the system devised by Louis de Cormontaigne nearly a century previously. The rampart was composed of packed earth and revetted by a vertical scarp (or front face) wall of stone, topped by a broad earthen parapet. In front of this was a wide dry ditch, bounded on the far side by an earthen counterscarp which sloped at an angle of 45° and was not revetted. Extending out from the top of the counterscarp was the glacis, a ridge intended to defend the scarp wall from direct bombardment, but the slope away from the fortress was angled so as to allow the defenders to fire on any attacking troops.
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After approval from several religious figures the network allowed the pregnancy storyline, but insisted that the word "expecting" be used instead of "pregnant". (Arnaz garnered laughs when he deliberately mispronounced it as "'spectin'".) The episode's official title was "Lucy Is Enceinte", borrowing the French word for pregnant; however, episode titles never appeared on the show. The episode aired on the evening of January 19, 1953, with 44 million viewers watching Lucy Ricardo welcome little Ricky, while in real life Ball delivered her second child, Desi Jr., that same day in Los Angeles. The birth made the cover of the first issue of TV Guide for the week of April 3–9, 1953.
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Québec did not have extensive fortifications in 1690, and the whole landward side of the city to the north and west was exposed, particularly at the Plains of Abraham. Count Frontenac returned to Canada for a second term as Governor-General, and ordered the construction of a wooden palisade to enclose the city from the fort at the Château Saint-Louis to the Saint-Charles River. Town Major Provost oversaw the construction of eleven small stone redoubts in this enceinte, which would have protected against cannon. Facing the plains on the west side was the strong point of the landward defences — a windmill called Mont-Carmel where a three- gun artillery battery was in place.
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Expressions or words from a foreign language may be imported for use as a replacement for an offensive word. For example, the French word enceinte was sometimes used instead of the English word pregnant; abattoir for "slaughter-house", although in French the word retains its explicit violent meaning "a place for beating down", conveniently lost on non-French speakers. "Entrepreneur" for "business- man", adds glamour; "douche" (French: shower) for vaginal irrigation device; "bidet" (French: little pony) for "vessel for intimate ablutions". Ironically, whilst in English physical "handicap" is almost always substituted for a modern euphemism, in French the English word "handicap" is used as a euphemism for their problematic words "infirmité" or "invalidité".
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As part of the Shogunate's efforts to protect Japan from Western colonial forces, the defence of Hyogo Port was upgraded with the construction of the Wadamisaki Battery, one of six land batteries built around Osaka Bay under the design of Count Katsu Kaishū. It was completed in 1864 after 18 months of construction at a cost of 25,000 ryō. The outer enceinte was built of granite from the Shiwaku Islands and the inner two-storey structure was made of keyaki (Japanese elm) wood harvested from the Nunobiki and Tekkai Mountains in Kobe. In 1921 the battery was the first place in Hyogo Prefecture to be designated as a historic site by the prefectural government.
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Built for surveillance and domination of the Loire valley, the castle provides an interesting example of how a 13th-century feudal castle could be adapted to the evolution of military construction, notable with the development of artillery. During the Hundred Years' War and the Wars of Religion it was of historical importance but after the French Revolution it fell victim to a gradual abandonment which reduced it to the state of ruin. The site includes an enceinte, partly rebuilt in the 15th century, which surrounded the fortress halfway up the hill. The castle itself was, right from the start, of square plan with a courtyard occupied on the south by a residence.
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Het Steen (literally: 'The Stone') Antwerp was developed as a fortified city, but very little remains of the 10th century enceinte. Only some remains of the first city wall can be seen near the Vleeshuis museum at the corner of Bloedberg and Burchtgracht, and a replica of a burg (castle) named Steen has been partly rebuilt near the Scheldt-quais during the 19th century. Parts of the canals that protected the city between the 12th and 16th century have been covered and used as a sewage system. Both the 16th century city walls and the 19th century fortifications have been covered up by major infrastructure works during the 19th and 20th century.
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The city walls were reinforced in Sarno stone in the early 3rd century BC (the limestone enceinte, or the "first Samnite wall"). It formed the basis for the currently visible walls with an outer wall of rectangular limestone blocks as a terrace wall supporting a large agger, or earth embankment, behind it. After the Samnite Wars from 290 BC, Pompeii was forced to accept the status of socii of Rome, maintaining, however, linguistic and administrative autonomy. Temple of Jupiter From the outbreak of the Second Punic War (218–201 BC) in which Pompeii remained faithful to Rome, an additional internal wall was built of tufa and the internal agger and outer façade raised resulting in a double parapet with wider wall-walk.
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The early castle, whose construction date is unknown, is mentioned in a 1052 charter. During the 13th century, it was restored by Odon IV of Ham who gave the fortress its definitive shape, a polygonal enceinte broken up by large cylindrical towers. Enguerrand de Coucy bought the seigneury in 1380 and his daughter sold it in 1400 to Louis d' Orléans, who integrated it into his network of fortresses which included La Ferté-Milon, Pierrefonds and Fère-en- Tardenois. Louis began the reconstruction, perfected after 1418 by John II of Luxembourg, Count of Ligny, who acquired the seigneury following Louis' assassination. John's nephew, Louis de Luxembourg, Count of Saint-Pol and constable to Louis XI in 1465, constructed a monumental keep in 1441.
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View onto Hamaguri-bori (front), Sakashita-mon (left), Hasuike-Tatsumi-Sanjū-yagura (right),Fujimi-yagura (center in the back) before 1870 The Fujimi Yagura (A Turret of The Edo Castle), built in 1659 The stands in the south-eastern corner of the Honmaru enceinte and is three storeys high. Fujimi-yagura is one of only three remaining keeps of the inner citadel of Edo Castle, from a total number of originally eleven. The other remaining keeps are Fushimi-yagura (next to the upper steel bridge of Nijūbashi) and Tatsumi-nijyu-yagura (at the corner of Kikyō-bori moat next to Kikyō-mon gate). It is also called the "all-front- sided" keep because all sides look the same from all directions.
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The early sixteenth century saw crown steeples built on churches with royal connections, symbolising imperial monarchy, as at St. Giles Cathedral, Edinburgh.A. Thomas, "The Renaissance", in T. M. Devine and J. Wormald, eds, The Oxford Handbook of Modern Scottish History (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012), , p. 188. Dunstaffnage Castle, one of the oldest surviving "castles of enceinte", mostly dating from the thirteenth century Scotland is known for its dramatically placed castles, many of which date from the late medieval era. Castles, in the sense of a fortified residence of a lord or noble, arrived in Scotland as part of David I's encouragement of Norman and French nobles to settle with feudal tenures, particularly in the south and east, and were a way of controlling the contested lowlands.
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Construction of the gates and the Sannomaru moat were completed in July, and in November of that year the Shōgun Tokugawa Hidetada came for an inspection. Honmaru Palace was finished in February 1615 (Keichō 20) and Ninomaru Palace in 1617 (Genna 3). The Tōshō-gū shrine was established in the Sannomaru enceinte in 1619 (Genna 5), and the northwest turret, the former Kiyosu Tower of the Ofukemaru, was completed. In 1620 (Genna 6), Tokugawa Yoshinao (1601–1650) moved into Ninomaru Palace, where in 1627 (Kan'ei 4), a sanctuary was also constructed. Overall renovation began on Honmaru Palace in May 1633 (Kan'ei 10) in preparation of the upcoming visit of Shōgun Tokugawa Iemitsu on his way to the imperial capital at Kyoto.
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In 605 BC, Nabopolassar's son, crown prince Nebuchadnezzar fought Necho and the remnants of the Assyrian army at the Battle of Carchemish. Within months of his abdication in 605 BC, Nabopolassar died of natural causes at about 53 years of age, and Nebuchadnezzar II hurried to Babylon to secure the throne. During Nabopolassar's reign, there was a boom of Neo-Babylonian building projects that would continue through the reign of his son, Nebuchadnezzar II. Temples and ziggurats were repaired or rebuilt in almost all the old dynastic cities, while Babylon itself was enlarged and surrounded by a double enceinte, or line of fortification, consisting of towered and moated fortress walls. The first mention of Nebuchadnezzar II comes from the records of Nabopolassar, saying he was a laborer in the restoration of the temple of Marduk.
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M. Glendinning, R. MacInnes and A. MacKechnie, A History of Scottish Architecture: From the Renaissance to the Present Day (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1996), , pp. 3–4. Many of the motte and bailey castles introduced into Scotland with feudalism in the twelfth century and the castles "enceinte", with a high embattled curtain wall that replaced those still in occupation, were slighted during the Wars of Independence. In the late Middle Ages new castles were built, some on a grander scale as "livery and maintenance" castles, to house retained troops. Gunpowder weaponry fundamentally altered the nature of castle architecture, with existing castles being adapted to allow the use of gunpowder weapons by the incorporation of "keyhole" gun ports, platforms to mount guns and walls being adapted to resist bombardment.
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The walls of the city were well supplied with artillery, and as Maurice approached the city reinforcements of 600 Spanish and Flemish troops under Commander Jarichs Liauckema, Verdugo's lieutenant, entered the town by the Poelepoort which brought the garrison up to near 1,000. The city however had divided loyalties; the poor were deeply attached to the Catholic faith, but the burghers were concerned about the economy and therefore saw greater advantage with the republic. Maurice's headquarters was established in the village of Haren, from this position the approaches were made towards several strong points of the enceinte. Five siege-guns were planted against the Drenkelaar tower, ten against the ravelin of the Oosterpoort, twelve against the Heerepoort, six against the Pas Dam, and three against the bastion at the southern angle.Markham, pp. 194–195.
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The 16th-17th century château The early castle comprised an enceinte flanked by twelve towers, of which only two remain. The castle was reconstructed in 1514 by members of the House of Rochechouart. The property has had a number of owners; the Rochefoucauld-Roye family bought it from François de Rochechouart of Chandeniers in 1655; Jérôme Phélypeaux, Count of Pontchartrain and minister of Louis XIV; Guillaume-Chrétien de Lamoignon de Malesherbes, lawyer of Louis XVI. Jérôme Phélypeaux, Secretary of State for the Navy, son of the Chancellor of France Louis, bought the estate of Javarzay in 1712 for the sum of 100,000 livres, but there was a family connection: his wife was Eléonore-Christine de La Rochefoucauld, daughter of Frédéric-Charles, Count of Roucy and Roye (known as "mademoiselle de Chef-Boutonne").
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A redan within the Naxxar Entrenchment, an inland entrenchment in Naxxar, Malta Map of the Louvier Entrenchment, a coastal entrenchment in Mellieħa, Malta In fortification, the term entrenchment (, ) can refer to either a secondary line of defence within a larger fortification (better known as a retrenchment), or an enceinte designed to provide cover for infantry, having a layout similar to a city wall but on a smaller scale. The latter usually consisted of curtain walls and bastions or redans, and was sometimes also protected by a ditch. In the 18th century, the Knights Hospitaller built a number of coastal and inland entrenchments as part of the fortifications of Malta. Further entrenchments were built in Malta by insurgents during the blockade of 1798–1800, in order to prevent the French from launching a counterattack.
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The Germans dug their way closer to the fortress through trench parallels and destroyed specific sections of the defenses with concentrated bombardments. The siege progressed rapidly, French sortie attempts were defeated and by 17 September the enceinte wall had been breached. At the same time, the defenders' morale was lowered by news of the annihilation of the Army of Châlons at Sedan and the encirclement of the Army of the Rhine in Metz. On 19 September the Germans captured their first outwork and began a devastating close-range bombardment of the bastions. With the city defenseless and a German assault imminent, the French commander, Lieutenant-General Jean-Jacques Uhrich surrendered the fortress, 17,562 troops, 1,277 artillery pieces, 140,000 rifles, including 12,000 Chassepots, 50 locomotives and considerable stores of supplies into German hands on 28 September.
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Plan of the castle (1916 Art Monuments Inventory, information board at the castle) Chapel and lower ward The exposed older enceinte and flooring Parts of the impressive Hussite period zwinger systems (walled fighting enclosures) have survived with their two round towers and a bretèche (Schießerker), as well as the ruins of the palas, with its great hall, the late Gothic chapel and two basement Vaults. Today the grounds are entered on the east side over a stone arch bridge dating to the 16th/17th century. The bridge was needed when the main entrance had been moved next to the palas and the neck ditch in front of the zwinger system had to be crossed. A sealed earlier gate, situated to its right on the ground floor of the palas, has survived.
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After the introduction of feudalism to Scotland, these forces were augmented by small numbers of mounted and heavily armoured knights. Feudalism also introduced castles into the country, originally simple wooden motte-and-bailey constructions, but these were replaced in the thirteenth century with more formidable stone "enceinte" castles, with high encircling walls.T. W. West, Discovering Scottish Architecture (Botley: Osprey, 1985), , p. 21. In the thirteenth century the threat of Scandinavian naval power subsided and the kings of Scotland were able to use naval forces to help subdue the Highlands and Islands. Scottish field armies rarely managed to stand up to the usually larger and more professional armies produced by England, but they were used to good effect by Robert I at Bannockburn in 1314 to secure Scottish independence.D. M. Barrell, Medieval Scotland (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), , p. 108.
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The origin of the name is uncertain: it has naturally been connected with the legend of Circe, and Victor Bérard (in Les Phéniciens et l'Odyssée, ii. 261 seq.) maintains in support of the identification that Aiaia, the Greek and Georgian name for the island of Circe, is a faithful transliteration of a Semitic name, meaning "island of the hawk". The difficulty has been raised, especially by geologists, that the promontory ceased to be an island well before Homer's time; but Procopius remarked that the promontory has all the appearance of an island until one is actually upon it.. Upon the east end of the promontory ridge are the remains of an enceinte, a polygonal structure that roughly forms a rectangle and that measures about 200 by 100 metres. The blocks are very carefully cut and jointed; right angles were intentionally avoided.
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The Outer Courtyard Detailed drawings and plans prepared by the engineer and antiquary George Thomas Clark in 1871, and subsequently by George Lambert in 1901, assisted the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales (RCAHMW) in their survey of the castle published in 2000. In this survey, RCAHMW described the development of the castle in six phases: Period 1, the late-12th century; Period 2, the early-14th century; Period 3, the late-15th century; Period 4, the early-16th century; Period 5, the late-16th or early-17th centuries and finally the restorations of Carne, Williams and Hearst. The survey identified "substantial" remnants of the original Norman enceinte, including the keep, which had been enveloped by later developments and had previously been unrecognised and unrecorded. The entrance lies to the north-west.
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Well- preserved and partially inhabited, the manor-house stands next to a large pond. This feudal Breton ensemble still has its fortified enceinte with towers and crenellated walls that protected it from the armed gangs and pillagers who were operating in the region during the Hundred Years' War and later during the Wars of Religion of the 16th century. Built around 1330 by Sylvestre Josso, squire of the Duke Jean III during the turbulent period of the Breton War of Succession in the 14th century, it passed next by a powerful alliance to the Rosmadec family and served as a residence for dignitaries such as a bishop, sénéchaux and the governors of various Breton towns. In the late 18th century it became the property of the Le Mintier de Léhélec family who still live there today.
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The tower in 1814 Originally known as Yestred (from the Brythonic Ystrad, meaning strath or dale), the barony of Yester was granted by King William the Lion to Hugo de Giffard, a Norman immigrant given land in East Lothian during the reign of King David I. The original stone keep, built before 1267, is generally considered to be by Sir Hugo de Giffard. A grandson of the first Laird of Yester, he served as a guardian of the young Alexander III of Scotland, and was by repute a magician and necromancer. Alexander III is known to have been at Yester on and around May 24, 1278, where he corresponded with Edward I of England. Following the Scots Wars of Independence, Yester was rebuilt as a castle of enceinte. In 1298, during the Battle of Falkirk, Alexander de Welles, Master of Torphichen Preceptory, was killed.
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The land was surveyed in 1715 by the Duke of Marlborough. The first plan of defences was an enceinte (ring of fortifications), from Gun Wharf, Chatham, to north of the village of Brompton. In 1755, the 'Prince of Wales' Bastion, 'Prince Williams Bastion', 'Kings Bastion', 'Prince Edwards Bastion', 'Prince Henry's Bastion' and the 'Prince Fredericks Bastion' were all built. These and the ditches, built during the Seven Years' War (1756–63), became known as the Chatham lines and were entered by four gateways with bridges.K.R.Gulvin, Fort Amherst,after 1982, pub. Fort Amherst and Lines Trust, Illustrations Medway Military Research Group, 1977. The fortifications were designed in 1755 by Captain John Peter Desmaretze of the Board of Ordnance and consisted of a earthwork ditch and a parapet. In 1757, an infantry barracks (for a troop garrison) was built to man the defences. During the American Revolutionary War (1778–83), the lines were enhanced and strengthened.
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At the French coastal guns opened fire and German artillery and mortar fire began falling on the port at dawn, particularly on French gun positions, preparatory to an attack by the 10th Panzer Division against the west and south-west parts of the perimeter. The retirement of the QVR, searchlight and anti-aircraft troops from the outlying roadblocks had continued overnight until about when the troops completed their withdrawal to the enceinte. Further west, B Company of the QVR was ordered back from Sangatte, about west of Calais at and had retired slowly to the western face of the by and a C Company platoon out on a road east of Calais, also stayed out until but before midday, the main defensive line had been established on the . The first German attacks were repulsed except in the south, where the attackers penetrated the defences until forced back by a hasty counter-attack by the 2nd KRRC and tanks of the 3rd RTR.
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The barracks of Fort de Montessuy in Caluire-et-Cuire In 1830 the maréchal de camp, Hubert Rohault de Fleury, commenced a project designed by military engineer Baron Haxo. With a budget of francs (approximately € as of 2015) allocated for Lyon between 1831 and 1839, this first project included the restoration of the fortifications between Croix Rousse and Fourvière; the construction of two forts on the plateau of Caluire (Fort de Montessuy and Fort de Caluire, connected by the Enceinte de Caluire), facing the Dombes; closing access to the Presqu'île by the construction of a south-facing building; building two forts – Fort de la Duchère and Fort de Grange Blanche – to protect access routes towards Paris and Auvergne. The hillfort at Fourvière The fortification of the city is divided into three sectors: The north was protected by the wall of Croix- Rousse and the structures between the Rhône and the Saône. The command was situated at fort de Montessuy.
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Stereoscopic image of the gate from 1897. The greater part of the cyclopean wall in Mycenae, including the Lion Gate itself, was built during the second extension of the citadel which occurred in the Late Helladic period IIIB (13th century BC).. At that time, the extended fortifications also included Grave Circle A, the burial place of the 16th- century BC royal families inside the city wall. This grave circle was found east of the Lion Gate, where a peribolos wall was also built.. After the expansion, Mycenae could be entered by two gates, a main entrance and a postern,.. while the most extensive feature was undoubtedly the remodeling of the main entrance to the citadel, known as the Lion Gate, in the northwestern side built circa 1250 BC. The Lion Gate was approached by a natural, partly engineered ramp on a northwest-southeast axis. The eastern side of the approach is flanked by the steep smooth slope of the earlier enceinte.
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Fires could not be put out after the waterworks had been hit; rampart gates on the enceinte (main defensive wall) where the wet ditches were bridged were also bombarded. The shelling of caused little damage but facing east, were attacked by Landwehr Brigade 26 to outflank which faced south and cut off the garrisons. Erroneous reports to the Belgian and British commanders before dawn on 8 October, that had fallen, led to a decision that if they were not recaptured, the inner line would be abandoned at dusk and the defenders withdrawn to the city ramparts. The ramparts were earth parapets with shelters underneath and had caponiers protruding on the flanks, with moats wide and deep in front. The Belgian and British commanders decided to continue the defence of Antwerp with the garrison troops and move the Belgian 2nd Division and the British troops across the Scheldt, when the erroneous report was corrected and it was decided that if were lost, the Royal Naval Division would withdraw at dusk. News arrived that the forts had fallen at and orders were sent to the Belgian 2nd Division and the British to retire.
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