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"earthwork" Definitions
  1. a large bank of earth that was built long ago in the past and used as a defence
"earthwork" Synonyms
embankment rampart fortification barrier bulwark barricade defence(UK) wall breastwork parapet defense(US) bastion bank outwork battlement protection dam stockade palisade mound trench ditch fosse trough channel cut drain entrenchment excavation furrow gutter pit waterway conduit dike foss moat rut sheugh watercourse bar hump ramp rise hillock hummock knoll ridge tump tumulus acclivity accumulation barrow berm drift elevation eminence parados More
"earthwork" Antonyms
depression ditch erosion opening hill hump mound rampart harm hurt injury weak point

1000 Sentences With "earthwork"

How to use earthwork in a sentence? Find typical usage patterns (collocations)/phrases/context for "earthwork" and check conjugation/comparative form for "earthwork". Mastering all the usages of "earthwork" from sentence examples published by news publications.

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And the family has maintained Smithson's earthwork in pristine condition.
The latest video shows new landscaping and earthwork across the entire campus.
Now you walk beside the earthwork rather than on top of it.
The lake that hosts Robert Smithson's landmark earthwork is desiccating at an alarming rate.
They trucked in or gathered fresh material and compacted it, creating a sturdy earthwork base.
Smithson constructed his earthwork at the invitation of Sonsbeek '2000, a major outdoor sculpture exhibition.
They are, in a way, a kind of big-budget folk art — earthwork sculptures with gift shops.
Some is frankly gorgeous, in the tradition of earthwork artists like Walter De Maria or Robert Smithson.
It would be quite a coup to add this enchanting earthwork to the list of cultural properties it manages.
I mean, they did that, but they also constructed a series of earthwork redoubts and other protective places to hold.
The website writes, Johnson eventually went on to discover other earthwork artists in school, such as Andy Goldsworthy and Jim Denevan.
"We made an assumption that we would be doing horizontal earthwork: improving roads, you know, something in our wheelhouse," he said.
James's language, a kind of circular earthwork, famously resembles that of the other great circular sentence maker of his time, Marcel Proust.
"It would be a challenge to place an earthwork," said the dealer James Cohan, who has been the Smithson estate's longtime agent.
It's especially refreshing to see Ms. Buchanan's 1981 earthwork "Marsh Ruins," for instance, as conversant with Robert Smithson's similarly diffuse, ephemeral land art.
The only large earthwork he executed outside the United States, it is in a sand quarry on property owned by Gerard de Boer.
A long wall is devoted to 2,300 earthwork tiles in tones of dark brown to black, buffed to a gentle shine and precisely aligned.
The exhibit included abstract paintings by Moroccan Ahmed Yacoubi and Iranian Mohsen Vaziri-Moqaddam, as well as an earthwork canvas by Iranian Armenian Marcos Grigorian.
It documented "Munich Depression," a concave earthwork excavated by Mr. Heizer in Munich in 1969 that sloped gently to a center point 16 feet deep.
The sequence for the earthwork is but a portion of Finch's installation, which creates a 159-foot-long color profile of the entire salt lake.
I was following a 70-year-old woman named Swankie, and we were on our way to see an ancient earthwork in a petrified forest.
He also created large wall hangings of thick felt — cut, folded or draped — and he produced a major Stonehenge-like outdoor earthwork, "Observatory," in Holland.
Smithson and Gianfranco Gorgoni — hired to document Spiral Jetty during and after its completion — walk the narrow lane between the earthwork and nearby oil mining operations.
As the first earthwork completed in over 40 years, this is a big moment for large-scale land art, dropping a contemporary pin in the movement's timeline.
It takes a village to raise an earthwork, after all, although Langen is more referring to other contemporary land artists who often morph a landscape with an individual vision.
Related: Earthwork Artist Makes Whimsical Installations by Learning as She Goes An Artist Dug 400 Holes in the Desert to Write This Enlightening Message Watch Massive LED Snow Murals Come to Life
Best known as a video artist who experiments with radically expanded or fragmented screens, Mr. Aitken calls the new project an alternative to the grand gestures of earthwork artists like Michael Heizer.
CORNWALL "Busy Landscape Architecturing: Olana as Earthwork," talk and film presented by Mark Prezorski, landscape curator, about efforts to preserve the 250-acre Olana estate in Hudson, N.Y. Followed by cocktail reception.
CORNWALL "Busy Landscape Architecturing: Olana as Earthwork," talk and film presented by Mark Prezorski, landscape curator, about efforts to preserve the 250-acre Olana estate in Hudson, N.Y. To be followed by cocktail reception.
The first four shows, now over, were by the astute Conceptualist Andrea Fraser, the young painter-installation artist Lucy Dodd, the veteran sculptor and earthwork artist Michael Heizer, and the jazz giant Cecil Taylor.
The new works span an array of mediums, from a painting by the Sudanese-born Ibrahim El-Salahi to an earthwork by the Iranian-born Marcos Grigorian to a video by Iranian artist Tala Madani.
This strategy is allowing roadway rebuilding more quickly and at a lower cost than other alternatives such as structures, a tunnel or major earthwork that puts additional fill into the ocean, the transportation department said.
It could be like a model for an earthwork by Walter De Maria or Dennis Oppenheim, as well as "Shibboleth," Doris Salcedo's 548-foot-long crack in the floor of the Tate Modern's Turbine Hall in 2007.
Shot at Rozel Point on Great Salt Lake in April 1970, Utah Sequences provides intimate views of the region that Smithson chose for his monumental earthwork "Spiral Jetty," though that work is conspicuously absent from the film.
Now the foundation is acquiring eight works by Mr. Morris, the 85-year-old sculptor and conceptual artist, including an installation of the minimalist ensemble he created for the Green Gallery in New York in 1964 and an untitled earthwork.
The blurry, gritty, nearly vertical plain of dirt and gravel almost reached the Whitney's ceiling, extended 220 feet along the wall and may have come as close as a museum can get to the power and desolation of a real earthwork.
Near the end of his time at North Texas State, Mr. Wade created "Bicentennial Map of the U.S.A.," a 300-foot-wide earthwork in Dallas that included miniaturized billboards and skyscrapers, a telephone booth and an Old Faithful-style water fountain from Wyoming.
"The response from the radar was so good that the team thought they were dealing with a whole series of stones lying on their side, buried beneath the bank of this ancient earthwork," Nick Snashall, UK National Trust archeologist, told the BBC.
Called "a nomadic cultural incubator, cross-continental happening and moving earthwork," it took place on a customized train that traveled from Brooklyn to San Francisco, pausing along the way in Pittsburgh, Santa Fe and five other stops to entertain locals with artworks and performances.
It was surrounded by other equipment, and a barge with a massive structure on the deck—a building with a peaked roof and rows of windows that looked for all the world like a suburban hotel—was docked in the river next to an earthwork ramp.
While officers were driving Halliwell from the scene of his arrest, in an grocery store parking lot, to Gablecross police station in Swindon, England, Fulcher called them and told them to instead take the suspect to Barbury Castle, an earthwork from sixth century BC. Fulcher met Halliwell on the wind-swept hilltop at 12:11 PM on Thursday, March 24, 225.
The places include various interiors and exteriors of the Judd Foundation in Marfa, Texas; views of Robert Smithson's iconic earthwork, "Spiral Jetty," extending out into the Great Salt Lake in Utah; the inside and outside of a modernist house in Wyoming; Agnes Martin's adobe house in Galisteo, New Mexico; the Scrovegni Chapel in Padua, Italy, with its cycle of frescos by Giotto; the Convent of San Marco in Florence, with its frescoes by Fra Angelico; views of the hills and fields of Wyoming and New Mexico.
After a series of repetitions, mortuary/earthwork/mortuary/earthwork, a quite prominent earthwork would remain. In the later Adena period, circular ridges of unknown function were sometimes constructed around the burial earthworks.
While limited, the Newark Earthwork site is the largest surviving Hopewell earthwork complex in North America. The culture built many earthen mounds. Over decades, they built what is the single largest earthwork enclosure complex in the Ohio River Valley. The earthworks cover several square miles.
In all, of earthwork was extracted. The earthwork from the Føyno side was transported by barge to Austevoll and used to build the Austevoll Bridge.
Dead Womans Ditch (geograph 2880447)Dead Woman's Ditch is an earthwork which has been scheduled as an ancient monument in Over Stowey, Somerset, England situated on the Quantock Hills. A linear earthwork consisting of a bank with a ditch along the west side running for approximately from a spring known as Lady's Fountain across Robin Uprights Hill and down into Ramscombe. The earthwork is presumed to be of prehistoric origin and is of unknown purpose, but have been linked to Dowsborough. The long earthwork has been cut through by later tracks and a road.
The Swearing Stone found at Castleward earthwork was probably used in inauguration ceremonies.
The town was named for the prehistoric monumental earthwork mounds in the area.
They built earthwork mounds for religious, political and ceremonial purposes, connecting them to their cosmology.
It is one of the few remaining earthwork fortifications in the state of Rhode Island.
Both the palisade wall and earthwork fortifications are both partially reconstructed on their archeological footprint.
It was originally a small earthwork fortification on the point of a hill, ringed by rifle pit entrenchments. This smaller battery was removed following the construction of a larger earthwork approximately 50 feet behind (north). This portion of the earthwork remains, as well as part of the earthen ramp and small drainage ditches. The surrounding area is covered with graves and the rifle pits were filled in to form a road which is now paved.
There, earthwork remains of an outer ward enclosing the church (St Bartholomew's) and a borough defence.
The name "Flexbury" may mean "Felix’s earthwork". In 1887 it was recorded as being a seat.
Where the Baytown peoples built dispersed settlements, the Troyville people instead continued building major earthwork centers.
Combs Ditch is a linear earthwork in Dorset on Charlton Down. It was once at least 6.4 km long but now only 4.4 km is now visible. It is sometimes spelt Comb's Ditch. The earthwork consists of a bank with a ditch on the north east side.
This work was his debut as character designer, although at the time of the original OVA release, his name was kept secret and afterwards announced on the official website of Earthwork. In 1990, along with illustrators Kinji Yoshimoto and Yoshihiro Kimura, he created the production company Earthwork.
The Aetna Earthworks consists of two circular ditch-and-bank structures located atop a glacial esker and spaced apart on an east-west line. The western structure, designated 20MA11, measures in diameter, while the eastern structure, designated 20MA12, measures in diameter. The eastern earthwork is both taller and wider than the western one. Each earthwork originally had two entrances, one of which roughly aligns with the other earthwork and the other of which faces roughly north-northwest.
The Forest has one scheduled archaeological site: the ancient earthwork of Crossdyke on Okeford Hill near Shillingstone.
The townland has an earthwork, 2 ringforts and a fulacht fiadh listed in the Archaeological Survey Database.
In the 1930s, J. C. Harrington advocated for the restoration and preservation of the earthwork. The National Park Service began administration of the area in 1941, designating it Fort Raleigh National Historic Site. In 1950, the earthwork was reconstructed in an effort to restore its original size and shape.
On the west and south are remains of earthwork defences put up during the warfare of the 1670s.
Belbury Castle is the name given to an Iron Age earthwork, probably a hill fort or livestock enclosure, close to Ottery St Mary in Devon, England. The earthwork is on part of a hilltop at approximately above sea level.R. R. Sellman, Aspects of Devon History (Devon Books, 1985), p. 11 (map).
In 2010 another site, "Samrong Circular Earthwork", was unintentionally destroyed by bulldozers to make way for low-cost housing.
Castle Ring, the earthwork of Ratlinghope Hill, is the fort described by Mary Webb in her novel Golden Arrow.
To the west of the village is a Neolithic earthwork called Castle Dykes Henge. It is a scheduled monument.
The old earthwork Birka settlement originated around 800 AD on the shores of the strait separating Björkö and Adelsö, today a pasture- ground known as Bystan covering some 12 ha. The area is still delimited by the ancient defensive earthwork, which once must have stretched farther south to the hill fort at Borgberget. In the water adjacent to Birka are the remains of poles believed to have served as a naval defense line. Around the earthwork three large burial grounds belonging to Birka have been found.
Amesbury 48 is a bowl barrow which also survives as an earthwork () although it is now only 0.3 metres high. It includes an outer bank which survives as a slight earthwork 4 metres wide and 0.2 metres high. Excavations by Colt Hoare uncovered a cremation with beads of stone, amber and faience.
The work involved blasting of earthwork, transported away in 25,000 truckloads. The membrane covers and area of , while the lining required of concrete. Most of the earthwork was ditched in Mjøsa, at depths of up to . This gave reclaimed land which could be used to build the right-of-way for the railway.
More "ground truthing" needs to be performed but the evidence is suggestive. The first 2.5 mi south of the parallel-walled roadway of the Newark Earthworks is known as the Van Voorhis Walls. It is a confirmed earthwork. This portion of the earthwork terminates a Ramp Creek, in Heath, Licking County, Ohio.
The Royalist forces in the Battle of Aylesbury on 1 November 1642 used an earthwork in the area of Quarrendon.
An earthwork promontory hill fort encircles the site. Very little of the original stone that faced the earthwork survived although the amount of collapsed stone that was excavated suggests that the wall may have been as high as 3 metres in parts. A number of postholes that may have held up very large wooden gates have been excavated which has helped to date the hill fort. The hill fort may have been used for defensive purposes although the large gaps in the earthwork have raised doubts about the defensive capability of the site.
Wormegay Castle is a motte and bailey earthwork, located next to the village of Wormegay in the English county of Norfolk.
The only known example of a 'cursus' earthwork in Cornwall is situated behind the village in the fields near Triffle farm.
Smaller settlements might have a single earthwork mound and a few houses. Larger towns (50 to 100 houses) were chiefdoms. They were organized around earthwork mounds built over decades for ceremonial, religious and burial purposes. Villages and towns were often situated by lakes, as the natives hunted fish and used the water for domestic needs and transport.
Native Americans inhabited the land of the Caruthersville area for thousands of years before European settlement. The Mississippian culture built huge earthwork mounds throughout the Mississippi Valley. One such earthwork remains in this county, rising 270 feet above sea level about four miles southwest of Caruthersville. It stands in contrast to the surrounding delta-like plain.
The Dominion Land Company Site (33FR12), also known as the Fort Reserve earthwork, was an Early Adena Culture earthwork located in the Clintonville neighborhood in the city of Columbus, Ohio. It was excavated by archaeologists from the Ohio Historical Society shortly before being demolished by the Dominion Land Company in 1953 to make way for a housing development.
About 330 m north-northwest of the above earthwork, and situated at the narrow isthmus between the bays of East and West Tarbet, an earthwork cuts across the neck of the Mull of Galloway south of the enclosed fields of the Mull farm. The bank is 2.3 m wide and 0.5 m high with possible facing stones exposed.
Hidcote Bartrim was a township of Admington Manor under the overlordship of Winchcombe Abbey. On its south eastern edge are Medieval earthwork settlement remains which are visible on aerial photographs. These remains are centred on SP 1772 4227 and consist of hollow ways, some flanked on one side by low banks. Earthwork banks also outline possible buildings.
The construction of the earthwork probably involved a corvée system requiring vassals to build certain lengths of the earthwork for Offa in addition to the normal services that they provided to their king. The Tribal Hidage, a primary document, shows the distribution of land within 8th-century Britain; it shows that peoples were located within specified territories for administration.
The earthwork gave its name to the telephone exchange for Stanmore. The legacy is the first three numbers of many local landlines.
The location of the battle is unknown. The villages of Ashburnham and Penhurst in East Sussex maintain a tradition that a pre-Saxon earthwork known as Town Creep, situated in Creep Wood which adjoins the two villages, was the site of Mercredsburn. Oral tradition surviving to the end of the 19th century referred to the earthwork as being the site of a town which was besieged and destroyed by the Saxons. In 1896 members of The Sussex Archaeological Society investigated this claim, and subsequently published a paper concluding that the earthwork was a possible location for the battle of Mercredsburn, and that the modern name, Town Creep, could have an etymology derived from the latter part of 'Mercrede', whilst the 'burn' (or stream) may refer to The Ashburn stream running beneath the earthwork.
An earthwork remains, believed to be the remains of a wall, but little stonework above ground except the collapsed remains of the gatehouse.
Charles Ross (born December 17, 1937 in Philadelphia) is an American sculptor and earthwork artist. In 2011, he was named a Guggenheim Fellow.
According to archaeological investigations, Adena earthworks were often built as part of their burial rituals, in which the earth of the earthwork was piled immediately atop a burned mortuary building. These mortuary buildings were intended to keep and maintain the dead until their final burial was performed. Before the construction of the earthworks, some utilitarian and grave goods would be placed on the floor of the structure, which was burned with the goods and honored dead within. The earthwork would then be constructed, and often a new mortuary structure would be placed atop the new earthwork.
A small pond, which may have been a borrow pit for the mound and earthwork, was located at the west (open) end of the earthwork. A village site on the north side of the pond was surveyed, but not excavated. The mound had several layers of different-colored sand, with a lot of charcoal mixed in the bottom layer.Wallis, et al.
The largest earthwork fort built during the war was Fortress Rosecrans, which originally encompassed . In northeastern Somalia, near the city of Bosaso at the end of the Baladi valley, lies an earthwork 2 km to 3 km long. Local tradition recounts that the massive embankment marks the grave of a community matriarch. It is the largest such structure in the wider Horn region.
The earthwork is named after Woden, indicating that the incoming Anglo-Saxons had no information about the origins of a structure that was there when they arrived, and which was of no significance to locals at that time.Peter Fowler. Wansdyke in the Woods: An unfinished Roman military earthwork for a non-event. pp 179-198 in: Roman Wiltshire and after.
In addition, the site includes two conical burial mounds, one north of the eastern earthwork and one south of the western earthwork, and multiple scattered storage pits. The layout of the site bears a striking resemblance to the travels described in the Midewiwin origin tale of Bear's Journey, and it is thought that the site was used for rituals connected to the story.
This included of agricultural land.Pollen: 48 Fiborgtangen was leveled by removing of earthwork in addition to bedrock which was blasted. This included the island of Valøya. The lumber harbor was dredged of of earthwork, while on the opposite side of the site a port was built.Pollen: 50 The leveling was completed in mid 1964, after which work on the actual mill building started.
The type site at Michaelsberg (Michelsberg) today Large-scale excavations of MK settlements have not taken place so far. Some settlements have earthwork enclosures.
This was also called the "House on the Mound", because of its location on what is believed to be a prehistoric Indian earthwork mound.
"Civil War Defenses of Washington. App. C: Naming the Forts." Historic Resource Study. The earthwork remains of the battery are distinct and well preserved.NPS.
After construction of earthwork is completed the work should be resectioned and the estimates for final payment made according to the information thus obtained.
Fort Davis is a Civil War earthwork that was constructed for the defense of Washington. It is located in the Fort Davis (Washington, D.C.) neighborhood.
Fort Williams was a timber and earthwork fortification constructed in Alexandria, Virginia as part of the defenses of Washington, D.C. during the American Civil War.
The nearby Castle Hill earthwork to the west is thought to have been a cattle enclosure. The road serving the houses is called The Ring.
In the village, on the west side of a tributary of the River Kemp, are the earthwork remains of Colebatch Castle, a small motte castle.
The wagonway is still preserved as a low earthwork on which an asphalt road runs. Archeological excavations were conducted in Newcastle Great Park in 2003.
The Times obituary. Retrieved 19 October 2010. Two miles north-west lie the earthwork remains of Taynton Castle, a ring motte of C11-C12 date.
Standing stone and gallop, Overton Down. The gallop covers a mile of the down, which has a scattering of sarsen stones though not as many as areas just to the east of the gallop. Overton Down Experimental Earthwork (often referred to simply as Overton Down) is a long-term project in experimental archaeology in Wiltshire, England. In 1960 an earthwork was built to simulate such ancient structures.
The ditch varies in width from 4.8 to 8.5 m. Excavation found third or fourth century Roman pottery lying on the turf line behind the bank probably before its final reconstruction. The limited excavation seems to show an Iron Age boundary ditch being enlarged into a defensive earthwork in the late Roman or post-Roman period. This is similar to the nearby linear earthwork of Bokerley Dyke.
Erlewine is part of the Earthwork Music collective, an independent label that promotes original music from regional artists. Earthwork was founded by Erlewine's former husband, Samuel Seth Bernard, who is a musician and singer- songwriter himself. Erlewine has performed solo, as a duet with Max Lockwood, with the May Erlewine band, with May Erlewine and the Motivations, with the Sweet Water Warblers, and with other bands.
As well as these 938 men, Farinholt commanded two earthwork sites on the southern bank of the river, and he positioned his 6 artillery pieces accordingly, with four in the fortress on the Eastern side of the rail line, and two on the western side. He also had constructed a network of concealed rifle trenches between the earthwork defenses and the bridge itself. At 3:45 p.m.
Half a mile to the north are the earthwork remains of the 12th-century Brockhurst Castle. It is situated on private land with no public access.
The Oak Mounds is a large prehistoric earthwork mound, and a smaller mound to the west. They are located outside Clarksburg, in Harrison County, West Virginia.
The earthwork rampart was about high. It is not certain whether its function was for defense or pastoral use. Little is known about the Ugandan earthworks.
It has massive earthwork mounds built nearly 1,000 years ago as expressions of the religious and political world of the Mississippian culture, the ancestors to the Creek.
Occupation lasted into the 4th century. A faint earthwork can still be seen around the church of St Mary which has Roman tiles incorporated into its fabric.
The fort is large and encloses an area of . The earthwork ramparts and ditches largely follow the contours of the hill. The ramparts cut across the neck of the plateau on the south side; on the north and northeast sides there are no earthwork defences since the steep scarps render them unnecessary. On the southwest side, marshland was incorporated into the defences, and gaps in the rampart occur in that area.
Excavations in 1938 found two Roman pottery sherds from the 1st century AD, indicated that Raw Dykes was constructed during or after this time., p. 208 The first written reference to the earthwork occurs in the borough of Leicester's accounts from 1322. During the English Civil War, Royalist soldiers used part of the earthwork as an artillery emplacement; it also appears on several 18th- and 19th-century maps.
The headland is the site of earthwork remains of a by cliff castle, dated to the Iron Age. But there is evidence of earlier habitation on the site, of Mesolithic and Neolithic periods, through the discovery of flint flakes not related to the cliff castle. The cliff castle features evidence of earth and stone ramparts, a smaller annexe and an earthwork and external ditch protecting the south-eastern, inland, side.
The wall is noted as being eight to ten feet high, and following the shape of the hill it was built on. There are three entrances into the earthwork. The top part of the earthwork is described as enclosing a small circle, one hundred feet in diameter, with two small mounds inside of it. A third mound, which has been "truncated" was just north of the small circle.
Gjønnes Station of the Oslo Metro after the land slip caused by the construction The tunneling resulted in of earthwork, most of which was used for the expansion of the Port of Drammen. It was transported away from the tunnel with up to 12 truckloads per hour. The first breakthrough took place on 5 June 2008. On 19 October 2008, there was a ground failure at a storage area of earthwork.
The Cistercian Inch Abbey monastery, founded by John de Courcy in 1180, is located near to the river in the southern area of the Early Christian earthwork enclosure.
Turret 38B (Highshield Crag) () was also located by exploratory excavation in 1911.TURRET 38B, Pastscape, retrieved 3 December 2013 The turret is only visible as an earthwork platform.
It is suspected that the kingdom had links with Africa's East Coast maritime trade networks. A surviving earthwork at Mbande Hill may have been part of the fortifications.
Another earthwork was extended north from Whitefriars Barn on the north-east corner of the medieval wall to the outer north gate. From there the River Twyver formed a moat as the earthwork followed it north-west to Alvin Gate then on to the river's junction with the Old Severn. This easternmost channel of the River Severn had dried up by the 19th century, but at the time of the civil war it was still a navigable river. The earthwork then followed the Old Severn south-west to a point a short distance north of Westgate Street, from where it was extended the other side of the Old Severn to the River Severn just above the west gate.
Inside the city, an earthwork was extended west from the end of the medieval wall at the inner north gate via Gloucester Cathedral to St Oswald's Priory, where it met the new outer earthwork. The outer north gate and Alvin Gate were fortified with earthwork bastions, a drawbridge was installed at Westgate Bridge and the Old Severn was dammed at Dockham, causing the ground to north-west of the city to flood. The garrison numbered no more than 1,500 troops. The bulk of these comprised two half-strength regiments each of some 600 men: the Earl of Stamford's Regiment of Foot, recruited from London and Leicestershire, and a locally recruited regiment known as the Town Regiment.
Kincaid Site in Massac Co., Illinois, showing platform mounds. Illustration by artist Herb Roe A platform mound is any earthwork or mound intended to support a structure or activity.
Major restoration and archaeological work followed. In 1984, English Heritage took over responsibility for Cleeve Abbey, carrying out excavations and earthwork surveys and continues to care for it today.
Construction in 1934 consisted of removing of earthwork and laying sewer pipes. The following year, of rock was blasted and the pitch was sown on 3 and 4 September.
Engraving of Laugharne Castle, ca. 1800 The ruins of the castle as seen now are the result of much development as the building graduated from an earthwork castle to a Tudor mansion. There is little trace of the original earthwork bank or the first stone hall, which may have been taken down in the twelfth century. The two robust round towers date from the rebuilding work done in the late thirteenth century.
The Pee Dee were part of a larger complex society known for building earthwork mounds for spiritual and political purposes. They participated in a widespread network of trading that stretched from Georgia through South Carolina, eastern Tennessee, and as well as the mountain and Piedmont regions of North Carolina. The Town Creek site is not large by Mississippian standards. The earthwork mound was built over the remains of a rectangular-shaped earth lodge.
The Adena began constructing large earthwork mounds around 600 BCE. They are the earliest known people to have been Mound Builders, however, there are mounds in the United States that predate this culture. Watson Brake is an 11-mound complex in Louisiana that dates to 3,500 BCE, and nearby Poverty Point, built by the Poverty Point culture, is an earthwork complex that dates to 1,700 BCE. These mounds likely served a religious purpose.
Overlying part of the Roman town's site, between Watling Street and the river, is an enclosure. It is believed to be an Anglo-Saxon military encampment thrown up after the Battle of Chester (AD 611 according to the Irish Annals). The earthwork was reinforced by masonry recovered from the Roman ruins. Archaeological excavations have uncovered a post-Roman mass grave beneath the defensive earthwork, which may hold Northumbrian casualties of the Battle of Chester.
The battle was an Anglian victory by King Aethelfrith of Northumbria over a Welsh army. There are three alternative explanations for the earthwork enclosure, however. One is that it was built by Norse-Irish settlers led by Ingimundr, who established themselves near Chester about AD 905 and subsequently tried to capture the city. Second, D-shaped defensive compounds sited beside rivers, such as the Heronsgate earthwork, are a recognised feature of the Viking Age.
The Big Hill Pond Fortification is a Civil War earthwork in Big Hill Pond State Park, which is located in McNairy County, Tennessee. The earthwork was built atop a ridge by the Union Army in late 1862, after the Battle of Davis Bridge. It was built to guard the nearby Memphis and Charleston Railroad line. It is considered an archaeological site and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.
Succeeding Indigenous cultures lived along the Ohio River and its tributaries for thousands of years. Among them were more than one culture who built earthwork mounds, monuments which generally expressed their cosmology, often with links to astronomical events. Between 100 BC and AD 500, the Hopewell culture built the multi-earthwork complex on the terrace east of the Muskingum River near its mouth with the Ohio. It is now known as the Marietta Earthworks.
By 1869, the property was mostly occupied by farm buildings and owned by Henry Verney, 18th Baron Willoughby de Broke. All that is left are some buried and earthwork remains.
All that can be seen today are the earthworks of the moat and to the north and east of the site the earthwork remains of its associated medieval fish-ponds.
The earthwork of Tikal varies significantly in coverage from what was originally proposed and it is much more complex and multifaceted than originally thought.Martínez et al. 2004, pp.639-640.
Abinger motte Abinger Castle is an earthwork motte and bailey that was topped with a small wooden fortress. It is located in Abinger Common, between Guildford and Dorking in Surrey, England.
During the battle of Miki, Toyotomi Hideyoshi built earthwork fortifications around Miki-jō, which remain to this day, and were designated an important historic site by the Japanese government in 2013.
The area around Cronheim was already populated in prehistoric and protohistoric time, proven by a circular earthwork in the north and two grave mounds in the south part of the village.
According to the parish registers of Wellingore, Boothby Graffoe's original church was destroyed by a hurricane in 1666. To the west of the village lies the earthwork remains of Somerton Castle.
Wansdyke in the Woods: An unfinished Roman military earthwork for a non-event. pp 179-198 in: Roman Wiltshire and after. Papers in honour of Ken Annable. Edited by Peter Ellis.
In addition to retaining drinking water for the city, the concrete and earthwork dam, built between 1924 and 1926, supplied hydroelectric power to Durham until 1960, when the generators were removed.
Pharr Mounds is a Middle Woodland period archaeological site located near Tupelo in parts of Itawamba and Prentiss counties in northern Mississippi. This complex was made of earthwork mounds. The complex of eight dome-shaped, tumulus burial mounds was in use during the Miller 1 phase of the Miller culture. These were constructed as earthwork mounds between 1 and 200 CE. The complex is considered to be one of the largest and most important sites from this era.
Emerging in the early first millennium of the common era were the people of the Mississippian culture. Like some of the generations before them, they built large earthwork mounds in planned sites that expressed their cosmology. Their large earthworks, built for political and religious rituals roughly from 900AD to 1500AD, expressed their cosmology. Their earthwork mounds and great plazas survive throughout the valleys of the Ohio and Mississippi rivers, as well as their tributaries in the Southeast.
Reconstructed earthwork at Fort Raleigh National Historic Site The ruins that Lawson encountered in 1701 eventually became a tourist attraction. U.S. President James Monroe visited the site on April 7, 1819. During the 1860s, visitors described the deteriorated "fort" as little more than an earthwork in the shape of a small bastion, and reported holes dug by in search of valuable relics. Production of the 1921 silent film The Lost Colony and road development further damaged the site.
The fort's original mission, the Royal Presidio Chapel, has remained in constant use since its founding in 1770 by Junípero Serra, who arrived with Portola's party. On a hill overlooking the Monterey harbor is an earthwork—the only lingering connection between the original and present sites of the Presidio. That earthwork was part of the Spanish-built artillery battery defending the harbor. The 1846 US occupation of Monterey put an end to any Mexican military presence at the Presidio.
The ditches also contain the remains of many human inhumations. This activity continued until circa 2000 BC and was particularly intensive during the Wartberg period. Two nearby graves postdate the earthwork by several centuries, but coincide with that activity. While the original function of the earthwork is not necessarily explained by these finds, it appears likely that at least during later phases of its use it had a ritual significance, perhaps connected with a cult of the dead.
895 The vestigial remnants of two mediaeval earthwork castles survive within the parish, one in Heywood Wood, of motte and bailey form, the other to its south of ringwork and bailey form.
The route of the Grim's Ditch apparently passed through the town of Berkhamsted, and remnants of the earthwork can be seen on Berkhamsted Common and on the village green at Potten End.
The Meic Torcaill may well be remembered in several Irish place names. For example, the earthwork of Rathturtle, located near Blessington,Russell; Harrison; Nicholls et al. (2007) p. 27; O'Keeffe (1998) p.
Mount Pleasant henge is a Neolithic henge enclosure in the English county of Dorset. It lies southeast of Dorchester in the civil parish of West Stafford. It still partially survives as an earthwork.
The word is also used today for the earthwork mounds on, or before, which targets are mounted on a rifle range, with the object of stopping the flight of bullets beyond the range.
The naming of a field suggests a lost barrow. An enclosure bank earthwork to the north of the town, and now part of the golf course, has been attributed to the Iron Age.
The Haskell Medicine Wheel Earthwork is located south of the campus. It was designed by Haskell professors, students, crop artist Stan Herd, and tribal elders, and dedicated in 1992 as a response to the 500th commemoration of the "Columbian Legacy". According to the Haskell Catalog, the medicine wheel earthwork > symbolizes the scope and richness of indigenous cultures, from the beginning > of humankind to the present. The circle is symbolic of the perpetual and > sacredness of the spirituality of native peoples.
Mold Castle was built upon an existing earthwork. A motte and bailey fortress was erected c. 1072 - possibly by Robert de Montalt, a descendant of Eustace De Monte Alto, a Norman warrior in the service of Hugh Lupus, Earl of Chester. This family originated in Monthault, Ille-et-Vilaine, in the Duchy of Brittany, not then part of France, but it has been proposed that they took their name from 'mont haut', meaning 'high hill', and associated it with this earthwork.
Priddy Circles are a linear arrangement of four circular earthwork enclosures near the village of Priddy on the Mendip Hills in Somerset, England. The circles have been listed as Scheduled Ancient Monuments, and described as 'probable Neolithic ritual or ceremonial monuments similar to a henge'. The southernmost Priddy Circle falls on adjoining land to a house and stables that are owned by retired businessman Roger Penny. In 2012 Penny was fined £10,000 after the earthwork was damaged by work he had permitted.
The site was then part of a pine plantation, which had been bulldozed in preparation for planting pines, and had been looted by collectors before archaeologists found out about it. When examined by archaeologists, the site included a mound that was about high in the middle and in diameter. A horseshoe-shaped earthwork surrounded the mound on three sides, and was open to the west. The earthwork was across on the east-west axis and on the north-south axis.
Offa's Dyke () is a large linear earthwork that roughly follows the current border between England and Wales. The structure is named after Offa, the Anglo-Saxon king of Mercia from AD 757 until 796, who is traditionally believed to have ordered its construction. Although its precise original purpose is debated, it delineated the border between Anglian Mercia and the Welsh kingdom of Powys. The earthwork, which was up to wide (including its flanking ditch) and high, traversed low ground, hills and rivers.
Gryme's Dyke, a Scheduled Ancient Monument, is the most westerly and longest of a number of large linear earthwork dykes at Colchester. Most of the dykes were built in the late Iron Age to define and protect the important settlement centre of Camulodunum (Colchester), though some can be dated to the early Roman period which is probably when Gryme’s Dyke was constructed. The dyke survives for much of its length as an upstanding earthwork and was originally fronted by a ditch on its west side, now mostly infilled. Its course can be traced for several kilometres, from New Bridge, north of the River Colne, to Stanway Green (Gryme’s Dyke North and Middle) where the earthwork passes through a short dog-leg to the west before running on to the Roman River (Gryme’s Dyke South).
South Cerney Castle was an adulterine castle of Motte and bailey construction built in South Cerney, Gloucestershire in the mid-12th century. cites Today only slight earthwork remains and they are a scheduled monument.
At this stage it emerged that the remaining earthwork was a deep cutting approaching North Berwick, and in August 1849 the Directors ordered that the cutting should be formed for a single line only.
The Roman fort of Vindolanda is a couple of miles away to the south-east. The Roman earthwork known as the Vallum runs right past Once Brewed, adjoining and also overlain by the Military Road.
" Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: The Pittsburgh Press, May 7, 1961, p.134. It was a circular earthwork on Ormsby's Hill, now part of Arlington Park on Arlington Avenue.White, Thomas. Forgotten Tales of Pittsburgh: "Pittsburgh's Civil War Forts.
Near the Huron River are several ancient earthwork mounds and enclosures constructed by early indigenous peoples. Sandusky has extensive quarries of valuable limestone. The surface is generally level, and the soil alluvial and exceedingly fertile.
Indigenous peoples of various cultures had lived along the rivers of Arkansas for thousands of years and created complex societies. Mississippian culture peoples built massive earthwork mounds along the Ouachita River beginning about 1000 CE.
Habsburg Palace in Cieszyn Habsburg Hunting Palace is a Classicist palace built in 1838-1840 in Cieszyn, Poland. It has been designed by Viennese architect Joseph Kornhäusel, constructed on the earthwork of the lower castle.
These works were largely responsible for the present-day appearance of the park. A prominent feature of the park is the earthwork of Offa's Dyke, which passes within 200 metres of the castle. This is shown on the Badeslade drawing, labelled as ‘King Offa’s Ditch’, with the ornamental lake beyond. The earthwork was partly submerged by the creation of the lake. In 2018 and 2018 the Clwyd-Powys Archaeological Trust excavated a section across Offa’s Dyke here, and found substantial remains of the ditch and bank.
The Civil War Earthworks at Tallahatchie Crossing is a Civil War earthwork in Marshall County, Mississippi. The earthworks are located on federal land owned by the Army Corps of Engineers and consist of eight parapets used for Union cannons, as well as infantry trenches. The earthwork was built along the north bank of the Little Tallahatchie River in late 1862 by Union forces to defend the Mississippi Central Railroad and their supplies in Holly Springs as they moved south towards Oxford and ultimately Vicksburg.
During the Battle of Brooklyn (also known as the Battle of Long Island), Fort Defiance was constructed on the hoek. It is shown on a map called "a Map of the Environs of Brooklyn" drawn in 1780 by loyalist engineer George S. Sproule. The Sproule map shows that Fort Defiance complex consisted of three redoubts on a small island connected by trenches, with an earthwork on the island's south side to defend against a landing. The entire earthwork was about long and covered the entire island.
A substantial earthwork, measuring 400 m long, cuts off an area of about 57 ha at the eastern end of the Mull of Galloway. In most places it comprises three ditches with medial banks, the inner bank being the larger, measuring between 3.1 m and 4 m in thickness with an external height of up to 2.2 m. It is believed the ramparts make this the largest Iron Age stronghold in Britain. It is situated 330 m south-southeast of the earthwork at the Tarbet.
The most prominent structure is Monks Mound, rising ten stories high at the center of the complex and fronting on a Grand Plaza. Monks Mound is the largest Pre-Columbian earthwork in the Americas, and the complex is the largest earthwork north of Mexico. The engineering of the mounds showed that their builders had an expert knowledge of the varying soils and their capacities. Cahokia was a complex, planned, and designed urban center with a residential population, farming, and artisan production of refined crafts and goods.
Robert Morris Earthwork is a 1979 public art earthworks installation in Seatac, Washington by Robert Morris. The area surrounding the piece, a former gravel pit overlooking the Kent Valley outside of Seattle, has rapidly filled in with urban growth, leading to efforts to both protect it and to enhance public access and enjoyment. The earthwork was the result of a King County government symposium titled Earthworks: Land Reclamation as Sculpture. The same symposium also gave impetus to the creation of Mill Creek Canyon Earthworks.
This suggests that Mercians constructed it as a defensive earthwork, or to demonstrate the power and intent of their kingdom. Throughout its entire length, the Dyke provides an uninterrupted view from Mercia into Wales. Where the earthwork encounters hills or high ground, it passes to the west of them. Although historians often overlook Offa's reign due to limitations in source material, he ranks as one of the greatest Anglo- Saxon rulers – as evidenced in his ability to raise the workforce and resources required to construct Offa's Dyke.
Wraxall Camp, or Failand Camp, is a small round earthwork in Somerset. The remains are indistinct and thickly covered by woods, but it appears to have been an Iron Age farmstead, and not a defensive structure.
The second castle is Ynysygrug, close to what is now Tonypandy town centre. Little remains of this motte-and-bailey earthwork defence, as much was destroyed when Tonypandy railway station was built in the 19th century.
"Seismic Land Art Comes to Parkfield" . Paso Robles Gazette, 25 September 2008. Central California. A geologically interactive installation, this machine earthwork operated autonomously for a total of 91 days between 18 August and 16 November 2008.
Although unexcavated, surface finds of Roman material have been found within the confines of the earthwork. It could easily be confused with the Hammer Wood Iron Age contour fort which lies much closer to modern Iping.
Whitehawk Camp is a causewayed enclosure,Oswald et al. (2001), pp. 156–157. a form of earthwork which began to appear in England in the early Neolithic, from about 3700 BC.Oswald et al. (2001), p. 3.
Parts have been destroyed by farm buildings and tracks.www.coflein.gov.uk NPRN: 300355. Earthwork at Pant-y-Pyllau, Coity Higher ;Coity Castle: A property in the care of Cadw (Location: , SS923814). A circular castle with 3-storey keep.
The Squirrel Hunters returned to their homes.Ohio History Central By war's end, Cincinnati was defended by 27 earthwork forts and batteries. Six of these artillery positions remain; Hooper Battery and Shaler Battery are open to the public.
The Lower Icknield Way forms the low-lying northwestern boundary of the parish and The Ridgeway traverses the upland southeastern part. An earthwork about long on a north – south axis ascends the Chiltern escarpment in Crowellhill Wood.
Turret 53B (Craggle Hill) () also survives as a slight earthwork platform. It was excavated in 1932.TURRET 53B, Pastscape, retrieved 5 December 2013 The turret was the most easterly structure in Hadrian's Wall to use red sandstone.
The western terminus of the early medieval linear earthwork Nico Ditch is in Hough Moss, just to the east of Stretford; it was probably used as an administrative boundary and dates from the 8th or 9th century.
The Castra of Ighiu was a fort made of earth in the Roman province of Dacia. Its dating is uncertain. The traces of the one time earthwork can be identified on the Măguligici Hill in Ighiu (Romania).
Khan carried out this siege without using standard military equipments of siege warfare such as manjaniq or ballistas (aradah or irada). He did not even resort to mines, wooden siege towers (gargaj) or earthwork battlement mounds (pashib).
Some archaeologists including Cunliffe suggest that the Wheathampstead earthwork was connected with other local earthworks, particularly Beech Bottom Dyke, four miles to the south west. This theory implies a single defensive earthwork running from the River Lea to the River Ver, and possibly a large enclosed settlement. The fortifications were probably erected by King Cunobelinus to define areas of land around their tribal centre at Verlamion – the predecessor of the later Roman city of Verulamium. Loughton Camp according to Roger Nolan (2018) was the previous marching camp used prior to the assault on Devil's Dyke.
Church Place, Pastscape The second site is in Churchplace Inclosure near Ashurst on a sandy knoll, and is a square earthwork comprising a broad bank with an outer ditch.Church Place, Pastscape Also near Ashurst are the earthwork remains of a 16th-century saltpetre house.Monument No. 226132, Pastscape It was probably in use for the manufacture of saltpetre when monopolies for its manufacture in England were granted to Germans. It now consists of banks and hollows of various sizes enclosed in a rectangular area about 100 metres by 50 metres.
Outlying earthwork in Crates Wood An outlying earthwork lies approximately to the west of the main rampart; it crosses the ridge in a north-south direction, ending at natural scarp slopes in both directions. It extends in a curve for , running almost parallel to the rampart of the fort. The outlier extends across fields but is more clearly marked towards the north end within Crates Wood where it reaches a maximum height of , with a deep ditch on its west side. The bank is up to wide and the ditch measures wide.
The commission's report led to the town carrying repairs to the earthwork defences over the coming year. The Crown dropped its law case, but a third case was brought in 1634, only to see the Crown pull out of the proceedings once again.; By now, the corporation argued it had spent £11,367 on the defences. Around 1627, Robert Morton, the mayor of Hull, had an additional rectangular earthwork battery of four guns constructed around the south blockhouse to defend the estuary against a potential Spanish and French invasion threat.
The remains of a later farmstead are situated immediately to the east of the road between the camps, and comprises at least two buildings and five enclosures.Pennymuir: enclosures, farmstead, RCAHMS, accessed 8 May 2014 Traces of rig and furrow cultivation lie within the enclosures.Pennymuir: Rig and furrow, RCAHMS, accessed 8 May 2014 There is also a linear earthwork which can be seen within camp A running north from about 20 metres northeast of the southwest corner of the camp.Pennymuir: Linear earthwork, RCAHMS, accessed 8 May 2014 It probably functioned as a later boundary.
Grey Ditch is a medieval earthwork and a Scheduled Monument. Ceramic finds and the fact that the feature overlays the Roman road Batham Gate indicate that Grey Ditch is post-Roman. No firm date has been established for the earthwork with speculation that the feature might have been designed to halt the advance of the Angels or Anglo-Saxons in the 5th to 7th centuries. Other suggestions are the Grey Ditch might have formed the boundary between the Kingdoms of Northumbria and Mercia during the Heptarchy or that it was constructed in the Viking period.
The Winterville Mounds Historic Site, with more than twelve earthwork mounds constructed by people of the Plaquemine Mississippian culture, is a survival north of the county seat of the deep indigenous history along the Mississippi River. This culture was particularly prominent from 13th to the 15th centuries, long before European exploration. Earthwork mounds were built by peoples in this area from the 9th century. The people in this region were influenced by the larger Mississippian culture, which built similar ceremonial sites throughout the Mississippi Valley and its tributaries.
Extract from 1757 map, showing Burgh's earthwork fort (demolished 1837) and Corneille's powder magazine Unlike de Burgh's nearby star fort, which was primarily earthwork and demolished in the 1830s, Corneille's bastion fort was built of brick and limestone. The main body of the fort is approximately 2 acres in area and is surrounded by a dry moat. Each corner is defended by a demi-bastion (with embrasures), and the walls are approximately thick. The large barrel-vaulted brick magazine chambers themselves are approximately in size and located to the north-west of the main enclosure.
Groups of people had already settled in this area four thousand years ago in the Neolithic Age. On the plateau stretching over the River Danube in the Old Town, the Bronze Age population built an earthwork, the defence of which was ensured by the river in the northeast, the deep valley in the south and by a rampart in the west. The interior of the earthwork was inhabited for almost six hundred years. The layers of the settlements deposited on one another now amount to a depth of up to six meters.
Neolithic travelers may have sacrificed the valuable axe heads to the spirit of the Barrow or Baru. Or they may have been placed in the shallow water to mark the significance of crossing the boundary between two peoples. The Bronze Age in Monasterevin was the age of the small farmer as evidenced by several earthwork enclosures. One such is the earthwork enclosure just above the town referred to as the Aquafort, resting as it does on the spit of land where the River Figile joins the River Barrow.
Berry Castle is an earthwork probably dating to the Iron Age close to Black Dog in Devon north of Crediton and west of Tiverton. It does not fit the traditional pattern of an Iron Age Hill fort. Although the earthwork would seem to be an incomplete enclosure, it is not at the top of a hill, although it is on the south east slope of a major hill which peaks at 199 Metres above Sea Level.R.R.Sellman; Aspects of Devon History, Devon Books 1985 - - Chapter 2; The Iron Age in Devon.
Hauge: 86 Each section is long and consisted of two welded subsections. They were mounted using the crane ship Uglen, allowing up to nine and an average of four sections to be installed per dayHauge: 87 and completed in June 2000.Hauge: 105 The section of the bridge built as a beam bridge on the Føyno side was built by filling in the shallow fjord under the bridge with earthwork, building the bridge and then removing the earthwork again.Hauge: 30 Construction took 700,000 man-hours and cost NOK 442 million.
The American Society of Civil Engineers established in 1960 the Karl Terzaghi Award to an "author of outstanding contributions to knowledge in the fields of soil mechanics, subsurface and earthwork engineering, and subsurface and earthwork construction."asce.org The Terzaghi and Peck Library, which is managed by the Norwegian Geotechnical Institute, in Oslo, Norway, holds an extensive collection of his papers. The Mission Dam in British Columbia, Canada, was renamed in his honor as the Terzaghi Dam in 1965. As Professor Goodman describes him, Karl Terzaghi was a remarkable man and an impassioned engineer.
There have been many different maps of the Redoubt through the ages as the site was reshaped and redesigned for different functions and changing military tactics. The one aspect that has always remained the same is the earthwork outer walls. The only slight change made to these was on the seaward side during the Victorian era where the wall was lowered so that the Commandant and his wife could look out to sea. The method of construction of the earthwork walls was totally different from that of earlier earthworks.
The nearest town is Church Stretton. The historic parish church here is St Edith's. A little over a mile to the south are the earthwork remains of Middlehope Castle, a motte and bailey which was probably left unfinished.
Each time an earthquake occurred an array of 5/8 inch steel rods attached to the earthquake shake table oscillated and resonated. Today in Parkfield there is very little evidence to suggest that this earthwork actually took place.
The earthwork site was located north of Glenmont Avenue, east of Overbrook Ravine, south of Adena Brook, and west of Yaronia Drive South. The site is now occupied by houses on Wynding Drive in the Fort Reserve subdivision.
Sited on the steep west slope of the hill is a Roman earthwork, formed by the erection of a substantial bank on the down hill side of the slope. It may have been a small circus or pond.
The interpreted site of Rugemont Castle is the earthwork remains of an early medieval ringwork. Much of the site was destroyed by the construction of the Round House in the 19th century. The site is a Scheduled Monument.
Ring ditches are a form of earthwork that are associated with human occupation of a place. These height and width of these earthworks vary depending on where they're located and the culture that was responsible for their creation.
Turret 53A (Hare Hill) () survives as a slight earthwork platform. The turret was found in 1854 or 1855, and excavated in 1932.TURRET 53A, Pastscape, retrieved 5 December 2013 The interior was found to be full of ashes.
The approximate line of the earthwork is followed by the Wat's Dyke Way, a waymarked long-distance path running for from Llanymynech in Powys to Basingwerk Abbey on the River Dee near Holywell. It was opened in 2007.
Norwood Mound is a prehistoric Native American earthwork mound located in Norwood, Ohio, United States, a city next to Cincinnati, and within Hamilton County, Ohio. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on May 2, 1974.
The word Keetoowah (Kituwa) is the name of an ancient Cherokee mother town and earthwork mound in the eastern homeland of the Cherokee. Kituwah also is considered by the Cherokee to be their original name.Clough, Josh. United Keetoowah Band.
The Scheduled Ancient Monument of Alloway Mote, also known as the Alloway Moat or Alloway Motte, is a roughly circular earthwork that is regarded as a possible early medieval ringwork, located near the town of Alloway in South Ayrshire, Scotland.
After the Norman invasion of Ireland Dunshaughlin became a seigniorial manor of Hugh de Lacy, Lord of Meath. The earthwork c. 700 m to the south of the church could be a motte built by him. Thereafter, the church became parochial.
The churchyard contains a war memorial and a number of Grade II listed headstones and a Grade II listed tomb. Adjacent to the church yard on the south side are the earthwork remains of a Norman ringwork fortification, a scheduled monument.
Turret 37A (Rapishaw Gap) () was located by exploratory excavation in 1911.TURRET 37A, Pastscape, retrieved 26 November 2013 The turret appears to have been demolished in the Roman period. The turret is visible only as a slight earthwork on air photographs.
The Devil's Dyke looking towards Woodditton The other Cambridgeshire dykes include Fleam Dyke, Brent Ditch and Bran Ditch. Black Ditches, Cavenham is a fifth earthwork guarding the Icknield Way which is in Suffolk, to the north west of Bury St Edmunds.
There is much evidence of prehistoric settlement in the area. Near the Giant there are the remains of an ancient settlement, a tumulus and an earthwork on the southern spur near Cerne Abbas, and similar features further north near Dogbury.
By the time of this later survey, cultivation had reduced the earthwork to the point that it was nearly indistinguishable.Collins, Lewis, and Richard Henry Collins. Collins' Historical Sketches of Kentucky: History of Kentucky. Vol. 2. Covington: Collins and Company, 1882, 47.
Linear earthworks are found around the world. The earliest dated linear earthwork in the United Kingdom dates to around 3600 BC near Hambleton Hill in Dorset. The Scots' Dike was built in 1552 to mark the border between England and Scotland.
The ovoid earthwork is 8 to 10 feet high and 100 feet in diameter. Historical graves in the mound have prevented archaeological investigation and more precise identification of the mound's builders. Shannon is part of the Maysville Micropolitan Statistical Area.
The main archaeological site at Knap Hill is a causewayed enclosure,Oswald et al. (2001), pp. 156–157. a form of earthwork which began to appear in England in the early Neolithic, from about 3700 BC.Oswald et al. (2001), p. 3.
Glossop Castle (also known as Mouselow Castle) is a Norman earthwork north of Glossop, off Hilltop Road, east of Manchester, on the A57. The site is visible from the main road, standing atop a commanding ridge. Some southeast is Peveril Castle.
Dance lodge from the Elbowoods area on the Fort Berthold Reservation. Built in 1923, this is a wooden version of the classic Mandan earthwork lodge. This area was flooded in 1951. From the Historic American Engineering Record collection, Library of Congress.
The South Flats earthwork enclosure is one of less than 10 intact earthworks, located in Western Michigan alongside the Muskegon River, it was originally discovered and excavated by George Quimby, the earthwork itself is about 25 to 30 meters in diameter near a bluff with an overview of the Muskegon. Excavations and surveys suggest and attribute, possibly, an Algonkian speaking small-scale society to the formation of the site. Archaeologists are yet to grasp a full understanding of the South Flats and other similar earthworks spread across the state of Michigan dated between AD 1350-1650.
The community is the location of the prehistoric Shawnee Reservation Mound, one of three remaining Adena-era earthwork mounds and enclosures found in an eight-mile stretch along the river. Also called Fairgrounds Mound and Poorhouse Mound, it is now located within Shawnee Regional Park. The mound is about 20 feet high and 80 feet in basal diameter, but was originally 25 feet high and greater than 80 feet in diameter. In the late 19th century, the Smithsonian Institution inventoried an Adena-era complex along the Kanawha River that had more than 50 earthwork mounds and ten enclosures.
Its National Grid reference is SS958118. It is an English Heritage scheduled monument, and has been given a National Monument number of 34256. The earthwork is widely described in guidebooks and histories as an Iron Age hill fort though more recent archaeological evaluations and histories, such as Mike Sampson's recently published work,Mike Sampson, History of Tiverton (2004) point out that it seems inefficient as a fortification, since it is overlooked from the south by the higher slope of Exeter Hill/Newtes Hill. The earthwork is also unusual in that the area it encloses slopes from to above sea level.
The promontory of land that links Cranmore to the edge of Newtes Hill is traversed by the old Exeter Road, which travels past the earthwork on its way from Tiverton to Exeter. The hill and road have latterly been known as Exeter Hill, and this road almost certainly follows the path of a prehistoric trackway. Current theories about the nature of the earthwork suggest that it might have been a winter enclosure for livestock or a market site, though the earthworks are very substantial for such applications and could even point to a tribal oppidum. Certainly the area would be large enough.
Black Ditches is an earthwork close to the village of Cavenham of Suffolk, and part of it is a biological Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI). The earthwork is 4.5 miles long between the River Lark at Lackford and the Icknield Way. It is described by the Suffolk Historic Environment Record as having no direct dating evidence but "by analogy with other linear earthworks in the region it is usually assumed to be post Roman". Two sections of ditch remain visible, one to the north-east of the village and one to the south- east, covering a total of .
The number of individuals involved in the construction of Poverty Point is unknown, although archaeologist Jon L. Gibson provides multiple scenarios for how long it would have taken to build the earthwork depending on the number and intensity of individual efforts. For example, he estimated that the earthwork could have been produced in a century by three generations if one hundred individuals spent six or seven days a month on the construction project. Gibson also suggests that workers lived on-site during construction, possibly setting up temporary homes on top of the very earthworks that they were building.Gibson, Jon L. (2000).
The Calden earthwork, a large enclosure northwest of modern Kassel, was built around 3700 BC. It is an irregular enclosure of two ditches and a palisade, encompassing an area of 14 hectares. The enclosure has five openings, perhaps comparable to British Causewayed enclosures. Although it can with some certainty be seen as derived from the Michelsberg tradition, material associated with its early phases suggests a close connection with early Wartberg. It appears to have been a tradition for several centuries to bury animal bones (food refuse?) and broken pots in pits dug into the partially filled-in earthwork ditches.
Wansdyke consists of two sections, 14 and 19 kilometres (9 and 12 mi) long with some gaps in between. East Wansdyke is an impressive linear earthwork, consisting of a ditch and bank running approximately east-west, between Savernake Forest and Morgan's Hill. West Wansdyke is also a linear earthwork, running from Monkton Combe south of Bath to Maes Knoll south of Bristol, but less impressive than its eastern counterpart. The middle section, 22 kilometres (14 mi) long, is sometimes referred to as 'Mid Wansdyke', but is formed by the remains of the London to Bath Roman road.
Offa's Dyke is a massive linear earthwork, up to wide (including its surrounding ditch) and high. It is much larger and longer than Wat's Dyke, but runs roughly parallel to it. The earthwork was generally dug with the displaced soil piled into a bank on the Mercian (eastern) side, providing an open view into Wales and suggesting that it was built by Mercia to guard against attacks or raids from Powys. The late 9th-century writer Asser wrote that Offa "terrified all the neighbouring kings and provinces around him, and ... had a great dyke built between Wales and Mercia from sea to sea".
Fort Tompkins, also known as Fort Adams, was an earthwork fort in Buffalo, New York overlooking the Niagara River. Built in August 1812 on top of the bluff at the bend of Niagara Street, the fort was a large earthwork mounting seven guns, and was the largest of eight batteries erected that summer. Located to the south was Old Sow Battery, and to the north was Gibson's Battery. During the War of 1812, British forces attacked Black Rock in July 1813, destroying the Black Rock Blockhouse and spiking or carrying off the guns at Fort Tompkins.
Border Reiver statue at Galashiels (by Thomas J Clapperton) Bank Street Gardens, Galashiels To the west of the town there is an ancient earthwork known as the Picts' Work Ditch or Catrail. It extends many miles south and its height and width vary. There is no agreement about the purpose of the earthwork. There is another ancient site on the north-western edge of the town, at Torwoodlee, an Iron Age hill fort, with a later Broch known as Torwoodlee Broch built in the western quarter of the hill fort, and overlapping some of the defensive ditches of the original fort.
The area has been occupied since at least Roman times. In the 1950s, stone coffins from the 2nd century were discovered, as well as the remains of a Roman villa and mausoleum. In medieval times, a decaying circular earthwork of unknown age was visible just to the north of where Arbury Road meets Histon Road (now part of Orchard Park) and was known as Hardburgh, Arborough or Arbury Camp. The earthwork was formerly around 100 metres in length, though its western half (extending into Impington) was no longer visible by the start of the 19th century.
There are several ruins on the island. The pilgrim’s path is a low curved earthwork between St. Caimin's Church and St. Michael's church. The small Romanesque Baptism Church is enclosed by a stone wall. The doorway is an arch of three orders.
Campbell et al., The Anglo-Saxons, pp. 40–41. Wansdyke, an early medieval defensive linear earthwork, runs from south of Bristol to near Marlborough, Wiltshire, passing not far from Bath. It probably was built in the fifth or sixth centuries, perhaps by Ceawlin.
This interesting earthwork, the site where Sir Gervase Clifton (died 1618) 'began to build a goodly house', is a grass field 600 ft. by 300 ft.enclosed on three sides by large banks averaging 35 ft. across the base, and being 4 ft. 6in.
The pipestone from this quarry is considered the softest stone available. Mississippian and Eastern Woodlands style "acorn" pipe. These pipes have been found in Mississippian culture earthwork mounds in the Eastern United States. This acorn pipe is made from South Dakota red pipestone.
Ekwall (1922) allows either form, stating "red" is less probable; Mills (1991) and Arrowsmith (1997) only give the "reed" option.Arrowsmith, p. 23. The ditch referred to is possibly the Nico Ditch, an earthwork of uncertain origin bordering Reddish, Manchester and Denton.Hartwell et al.
"Vitalis" , Domesdaymap.co.uk. Retrieved 21 October 2011. Particularly around the south of the village there are earthwork signs of houses, crofts, quarries and ridge and furrow field systems from earlier medieval settlement. The village belonged to the historical wapentake of Winnibriggs and Threo.
Fort Hill (formerly known as Blanton's Hill) is a promontory overlooking downtown Frankfort, Kentucky. It is the site of two earthwork forts from the American Civil War. Fort Hill is on the National Register of Historic Places and is now a public park.
Earthwork was carried out in volume, approximately equal to 400 wagons. Embankments amounted to 28.7% of the length of the road, and cuttings to 71.3% (with a great deal in rocky soil).Aleksandrov, N. A. Кругобайкальская железная дорога // Железнодорожный транспорт. — 1991. — № 5.
Only slight earthwork remains exist today, although excavations in the middle 1930s revealed a square well and some datable material from the 16th and 17th centuries including farthings from the reign of Charles I. Later, twelfth-century pottery was found on the site.
Fort Alexander was one of the three forts built by Georg Anton Schäffer on island of Kauai in the Kingdom of Hawaii. It was named after emperor Alexander I, and built in October 1816 near Hanalei River. It was an earthwork fort.
Some of Smithson's later writings recovered 18th- and 19th- century conceptions of landscape architecture which influenced the pivotal earthwork explorations which characterized his later work. He eventually joined the Dwan Gallery, whose owner Virginia Dwan was an enthusiastic supporter of his work.
London: Penguin, 2003. p.744 It was surrounded to the north by a semi-circular moat with banks and ramparts, approximately eight feet in depth. Some of this still remains visible, although in a much reduced form. This is known as "The Earthwork".
He suggests further that the works were never finished, abandoned in the face of a political change which removed their rationale.Peter Fowler. Wansdyke in the Woods: An unfinished Roman military earthwork for a non-event. pp 179-198 in: Roman Wiltshire and after.
Teshilov hillfort: a historical monument that is now subject to state preservation. It is located 700 meters from the river Lyubozhikha. Earthwork ramparts and moat are well preserved. In 1925 archeological excavations discovered a fortress on the site dating to the 12th Century.
Phillips, Lisa. ″The Self Similar.″ In Terry Winters. New York: Whitney Museum of American Art, 1992. In 1977, Winters had a significant encounter with landscape while he lived in New Mexico to help construct the earthwork Lightning Field by Walter de Maria.
The earthwork remains of the nunnery and associated fishponds are still visible. It was one of a number of monastic buildings along the sides of the Witham valley south of Lincoln. To its north is Tuphome Abbey and to the south is Kirkstead Abbey.
The flat hilltop was ringed by a wooden defensive wall. A tower was erected on the big earthwork, and wooden palisades on the other earthworks. A 2009 excavation discovered pottery dating to the 12th–14th centuries. Dry stone revetting was also found in one ditch.
It is meant to be a walkway for the viewers to experience, taking eleven minutes to complete.Deitsch, Dina. "Maya Lin's Perpetual Landscapes and Storm King Wavefield." Woman's Art Journal 30, no. 1 (2009): 6 The earthwork is also inspired by Robert Smithson's Spiral Jetty.
The Moundville Archaeological Park is a National Historic Landmark. The park contains 26 prehistoric, Mississippian culture-era Native American earthwork mounds, burial sites and artifacts. The largest mounds are located near the Black Warrior River. Mounds become smaller as one goes farther from the river.
A mile to the north of the castle are the earthwork remains of Castle Stede, a motte-and-bailey castle dating from the eleventh or twelfth century. Castle Stede Hornby formerly had a high school called Hornby High School that closed in August 2009.
In Bitchfield there is an earthwork known as Camp Field.Cox, J. Charles (1916) Lincolnshire p. 65; Methuen & Co. Ltd The ecclesiastical parish covers just Bitchfield. It is part of the North Beltisloe Group of parishes in the Deanery of Beltisloe, in the Diocese of Lincoln.
Taíno villages often featured an elaborate dance court: an outdoor area surrounded by earthwork banks and sometimes stone carvings of cemis. These ceremonies occurred at times of importance such as marriage, death, after a disaster, or to give thanks to the gods and ancestors.
The Northeast Extension was built with a median in order to save money.Dakelman and Schorr, p. 105. Due to the mountainous terrain it passed through, a large amount of earthwork was necessary to build the road along with the construction of large bridges.Dakelman, p. 106.
Dunwood Camp is the site of an Iron Age hillfort located in Hampshire. It occupies the summit of a sandy hill. It has a single Rampart (fortification) but no definite indication of a ditch and it is possible that this earthwork was never completed.
The earthwork consisted of two mounds within a circular embankment. The embankment in 1953 was approximately 400 feet in diameter, 17 feet wide, and several feet high. It was broken with an opening on the northwest and was accompanied by an interior ditch.Baby, p.
Fleam Dyke is a linear earthwork between Fulbourn and Balsham in Cambridgeshire. It is now a Scheduled Monument and a 7.8 hectare biological Site of Special Scientific Interest. It formed a boundary of the late Anglo- Saxon, pre-Norman administrative division of Flendish Hundred.
Cherbury Camp. Cherbury Camp is a multi-vallate hill fort-like earthwork, situated at , 1 mile to the north of the village of Charney Bassett in the Vale of White Horse, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom. The site itself is connected to the village by a footpath.
Ekwall (1922) allows either form, stating "red" is less probable; Mills (1991) and Arrowsmith (1997) only give the "reed" option. •Arrowsmith (1997), p. . The ditch referred to is possibly the Nico Ditch, an earthwork of uncertain origin bordering Reddish, Manchester and Denton.Hartwell et al.
Isolated and surrounded in a 35 km area, they constructed an earthwork (tranqueira) reinforced by wood and stone. Many also went into hiding in caves. On 11 June the Portuguese siege began. When the Manufahistas attempted a breakthrough, over 3,000 died in the fighting.
U.S. Marine in a fighting hole outside Beirut during the 1958 Lebanon crisis A defensive fighting position (DFP) is a type of earthwork constructed in a military context, generally large enough to accommodate anything from one soldier to a fire team (or similar sized unit).
On 23 March they entered the citadel of Vĩnh Long. Its defenders retreated to a fortified earthwork at My Cui to the west of Mỹ Tho, but were soon overrun and forced to flee. Vietnamese casualties at Vĩnh Long and My Cui were heavy.
Map of Shorncliffe Camp, 1801, showing the Redoubt of the left and Shorncliffe Army Camp on the right Shorncliffe Redoubt is a British Napoleonic earthwork fort. The site is approximately 300 feet by 300 feet and is situated on the Kentish Coast in Sandgate, Kent.
5 December 2001. West Virginia Department of Transportation. 20 March 2003 . Grading and drainage required 3.3 million cubic yards (2,500,000 m³) of earthwork, including over 1 million cubic yards (800,000 m³) of "borrow" material and several pipes to carry small streams underneath the roadway.
Ardoch Roman Fort is part of the Ardoch estate, and is in private ownership, although access is allowed at reasonable times. To the north, the earthwork remains of two Roman marching camps, known as Blackhill Camp, are in the care of Historic Environment Scotland.
The break-through for Narvik Airport came when the mining company LKAB, which exports its ore through Narvik, needed a place to dump earthwork. An agreement was made with the municipality whereby it received the earthwork free of charge and placed at a suitable location at Framneslia, a lot which was owned by LKAB. The municipal council approved in July 1971 plans to build a short take-off and landing airport at Framneslia, based on a thirteen-year free lease of the land. Government permission for a general aviation airport was issued in early 1972 and technical approval from the Civil Aviation Administration was granted in August.
Barrels outline circular structures in the 37.5-acre (17.4 ha) plaza at Poverty Point Poverty Point was not constructed all at once. The final form appears to have been the product of successive generations over a considerable period of time. The exact sequence and timeframe of earthwork construction is not precisely known. Radiocarbon dating of the site has produced a wide variety of results, but recent syntheses suggest earthwork construction began as early as 1800 BC and continued until as late as 1200 BC.Connolly, Robert P. "An Assessment of Radiocarbon Age Results from the Poverty Point Site". 2006. Louisiana Archaeology, Volume 28, pp. 1-14.
The name Oktibbeha is a Native American word meaning either "bloody water" (because of a battle fought on the banks) or possibly "icy creek". Indian artifacts more than 2000 years old have been found near ancient earthwork mounds located just east of Starkville, showing the area has been inhabited at least this long. The artifacts have been used to date the construction of the mounds to the Woodland period, ending about 1000 A.D. The Choctaw people, one of the Five Civilized Tribes of the Southeast, occupied extensive territory in this area for centuries prior to European encounter. European-American settlers named the Indian Mound Campground nearby for the earthwork monuments.
Grim's Ditch or Grim's Dyke or Grimes Dike is a great earthwork in the London Borough of Harrow (before 1965 in Middlesex) and lends its name to the gentle escarpment it crowns, marking Hertfordshire's border. It extended east-west about from the edge of Stanmore where an elevated neighbourhood of London, Stanmore Hill, adjoins Bushey Heath to the far north of Pinner Green - Cuckoo Hill. Today the remaining earthworks start mid-way at Harrow Weald Common. It takes its name from the likely Roman Britain-era earthwork which became called one of seven Grim's Ditches, a few of which have two or three rows, in central-to-southern England.
Bindon Hill is an extensive Iron Age earthwork enclosing a coastal hill area on the Jurassic Coast near Lulworth Cove in Dorset, England, about west of Swanage, about south west of Wareham, and about south east of Dorchester. It is within an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.
The hamlet of Graby is situated 1 mile to the west of Dowsby, and on the line of Mareham Lane Roman Road. Graby incorporates the site of a deserted medieval village, with cropmark and earthwork evidence of sunken lanes, crofts, ponds and ridge and furrow field systems.
An earthwork just below the crest on the south side of Life Hill may be a promontory fort. Domesday Book enumerated 25 people here in 1086. The number of households grew substantially between 1563 and 1670, from 38 to 134. In 1851 the village had 1,085 residents.
Singhalese and Indian gangs did the grubbing and earthwork and 3,000 Chinese labourers laid over 1 km of track per day. A total of 310 bridges and flood openings were built. The Commonwealth Government took over the line in 1911 and renamed it the Northern Territory Railway.
Primm Historic Park contains and preserves the largest of the earthwork mounds, which is still visible today. By 1300 these people had largely abandoned this settlement; archeologists have struggled to determine the reasons. There may have been epidemic disease, environmental problems, or warfare with other tribes.
Brackley Castle was built soon after 1086. Its earthwork remains lie between Hinton Road and Tesco. It comprised a motte mound high and approximately in diameter with an outer bailey to the east. Archaeological excavation has revealed evidence of a ditch defining the perimeter of the bailey.
By 1751 the gunpowder magazine, a well, four casemates, and officers' quarters were finished. The barracks were added the following year. By 1753 the fort had palisade walls and a earthwork. It was a pentagon-shaped fort with bastions built of earth and pickets at the corners.
In medieval times there were two castles. These might not have existed at the same time and neither survived into the 16th century. The earliest was a ring earthwork of King Stephen's time. The second was probably a fortified manor house, held by the de Hastings family.
Approximate areas of Mississippian and related cultures. Aztalan is in the Oneota region of the map. Aztalan is the site of an ancient Mississippian culture settlement that flourished during the 10th to 13th centuries. The indigenous people constructed massive earthwork mounds for religious and political purposes.
The Castlelaw Hill Fort is the remnant of a stronghold of the Iron Age. When it was occupied the site consisted of three earthwork ramparts, ditches and timber palisades. The fort contained a Souterrain for the storage of agricultural produce.The site as described by Historic Scotland.
Heavy equipment or heavy machinery refers to heavy-duty vehicles, specially designed for executing construction tasks, most frequently ones involving earthwork operations or other large construction tasks. Heavy equipment usually comprises five equipment systems: implementation, traction, structure, power train, control and information.C. B. Tatum et al., J. Constr. Engrg.
The master plan describes it as the site of a future observation earthwork mound, to be built similar to the ancient Monk's Mound of Cahokia, the center of the indigenous Mississippian culture, which extended throughout the Mississippi and Ohio valleys. To the south of the Terminus is Union Station.
Site of Rayleigh Castle Rayleigh Castle (also known as Rayleigh Mount) was a masonry and timber castle built near the town of Rayleigh in Essex, England in the 11th century shortly after the Norman conquest. All that exists today are the earthwork remains of its large motte-and-bailey.
Tunley Camp is an vallate Iron Age hill fort situated approximately north-east from the small village of Camerton in the Bath and North East Somerset district of Somerset, England. The hill fort comprises the slight earthwork remains of a univallate Iron Age hillfort which now nearly ploughed down.
Milecastle 47 is located about 270 metres east of Chapel House near Gilsland.MILECASTLE 47, Pastscape, retrieved 3 December 2013 The site is in a pasture field, and there are no visible remains other than a slight earthwork platform. Robbing of the milecastle using explosives occurred in the 19th century.
There is abundant evidence of prehistoric settlement in the area: tumuli to the south-west and east, a field system and earthwork to the north-east and two named barrows to the east: Wardstone and Bush Barrows. There is evidence of another field system on the steep coastal hillside.
Unlike Wales, the indigenous Irish lords do not appear to have constructed their own castles in any significant number during the period.McNeill, pp.74, 84. Between 350 and 450 motte-and-bailey castles are believed to remain today, although the identification of these earthwork remains can be contentious.
Today there are no traces of the village to be seen, having been completely obliterated by modern farming methods. However traces of the earthwork outline of the village and its streets can be clearly seen on an aerial photograph of the site taken by the RAF in 1947.
Fort Washington was located on the island. More recently, the area was known as a meeting place for gay paramours. Fort Washington and Fort Sullivan were built in 1775 and were named for George Washington and local war hero John Sullivan. Fort Washington was a star-shaped earthwork.
One of the oldest artificial structures in Knoxville is a burial mound constructed during the early Mississippian culture period (c. A.D. 1000-1400). The earthwork mound has been preserved, but the campus of the University of Tennessee developed around it.Frank H. McClung Museum, "Woodland Period ." Retrieved: March 25, 2008.
Eventually the battery Ferdinand (located more or less due east) added to the shelling.Mechel, pp. 55–64. The Austrians continued to expand their trenches and redoubts, creating an earthwork along the Swiss border. From these angles, the Austrians could deploy deadly artillery and musketry fire into the French positions.
The Castra of Izbășești was a fort made of earth in the Roman province of Dacia. Erected and abandoned at an uncertain date, the fort was part of the Limes Transalutanus. Traces of the one time earthwork can be identified on the Corbeasca Hill at Izbășești (commune Stolnici, Romania).
Dixton Mound is an oval earthwork of unknown origin about 2m high and 40m diameter at its widest point. It has ditch running around the perimeter. An archaeological dig in 1848 found 11th and 12th century material. Roman material has also been found dating from the 2nd century.
The area enclosed by the fort was ; on the eastern corners (those most vulnerable to attack) were bastions with walls high and thick. The magazine area of the fort was located about 500 feet from the river bank, and consisted of an octagonal earthwork holding the principal magazine.
The castle is a Norman earthwork motte-and-bailey fortress, founded by William Peverel. The Norman castle sits on an old Celtic hilltop site, possibly a hillfort. The earthworks have been damaged by quarrying and the position of the bailey has been lost. The site is a Scheduled Monument.
Excavations of the Avenue, the ditch (Heelstone Ditch) around the Heelstone, and the trench (Arc Trench) leading up to the Heelstone were also undertaken. Hawley proved, from a thin stratum of stone chip debris he called the Stonehenge Layer, that the earthwork features, the Aubrey Holes and some of the other postholes and burials constituted earlier phases of activity that predated the erection of the megaliths. He also found an antler pick embedded in a lump of chalk, indicating the construction method on site. Eventually he settled on three phases: the earthwork enclosure, a large stone circle now vanished that supposedly stood in the Aubrey Holes, and finally a larger megaliths phase involving the extant stones as Stonehenge 3.
Multivallate cross dyke on Pen Hill, on the South Downs in West Sussex A cross dyke or cross-dyke (also referred to as a cross-ridge dyke, covered way, linear ditch, linear earthwork or spur dyke) is a linear earthwork believed to be a prehistoric land boundary that usually measures between in length. A typical cross dyke consists of one or more ditches running in parallel with one or more raised banks. Univallate cross dykes typically have a flat- bottomed ditch while the ditches of multivallate cross dykes possess a V-shaped cross-section. A defining characteristic of a cross dyke is that it cuts across the width of an upland ridge or the neck of an upland spur.
Part of the surviving section of Raw Dykes Raw Dykes () is a Roman earthwork and scheduled monument in Leicester. The monument consists of two parallel banks up to 20 metres apart, with an excavated channel running between them. A stretch 110 metres long survives, but originally the earthwork was at least 550 metres in length. The official entry in the schedule of monuments maintained by the Department of Culture, Media and Sport states that the remains are those of a Roman aqueduct, stating that "the narrow cut within the centre of the ditch represented the main water channel and was designed to increase the flow of water by concentrating it within a constricted space".
Until the 12th century, stone-built and earth and timber castles were contemporary, but by the late 12th century the number of castles being built went into decline. This has been partly attributed to the higher cost of stone-built fortifications, and the obsolescence of timber and earthwork sites, which meant it was preferable to build in more durable stone. Although superseded by their stone successors, timber and earthwork castles were by no means useless. This is evidenced by the continual maintenance of timber castles over long periods, sometimes several centuries; Owain Glyndŵr's 11th-century timber castle at Sycharth was still in use by the start of the 15th century, its structure having been maintained for four centuries.
Towards the end of the war period, she turned her attention to understanding prehistoric linear earthwork sites (Hampshire) as well as producing a detailed study of the Grim's Ditch earthwork complex (Wiltshire). In the later 1940s, Guido began to focus on the Late Bronze Age period and also started producing specialist artefact reports, in particular on Late Bronze Age metalwork. Notably, she produced a comprehensive study of British razors, a report on a Late Bronze Age metalwork hoard from Blackrock (Sussex), and individual artefact studies, as well as a report on a Late Bronze Age burial at Orrock (Fife). It was at this point that she began to develop her specialist interest in glass beads.
This area is known to have been populated by the Hopewell Indians through the first century CE. They built large earthworks, including ancient burial mounds which are now preserved within Moundbuilders State Memorial on the north side of the city. A mound in the Great Circle Earthworks 19th-century plan of the Works This also has the Great Circle Earthwork, considered part of the Newark Earthworks, which has two other sections within the boundaries of nearby Newark, Ohio. The complex originally covered more than 3,000 acres, and was surveyed before 1850 by a team for the Smithsonian Institution. The -wide Newark Great Circle is one of the largest circular earthwork in the Americas, at least in construction effort.
A harbour was built south-east of the castle, which would originally have been used to receive first building materials, then later senior members of the castle household or important guests. All that remains of the harbour is its 246-foot (75 m) quay, built from basalt boulders, and it may not have been in frequent use during the medieval period, since it could only have been safely used during periods of good weather.; West of the castle is a later shieling, the earthwork remains of a longhouse. South of this is a rectangular earthwork, with walls over 3-foot 3 inches (1 m) high, which may have been a siege fortification from 1462.
In the early 1990s, archeological surveys and excavations prior to construction of Interstate 55/70 revealed evidence of important prehistoric structures in the East St. Louis area. Both sides of the river had earlier been reported as having numerous earthwork mounds when Europeans and Americans first settled in the area. Unfortunately, most of these cultural treasures in St. Louis and on the east side were lost to development. Illinois researchers discovered the remains of several earthwork mounds. In the East St. Louis area, 50 mounds had been mapped before the Civil War, and seven remain visible today. The largest is estimated to have been originally 40 feet high and would have nearly covered a football field.
Túathal, or his wife Baine, is reputed to have built Ráth Mór, an Iron Age hillfort in the earthwork complex at Clogher, County Tyrone. He died in battle against Mal mac Rochride, king of Ulster, at Mag Line (Moylinny near Larne, County Antrim). His son, Fedlimid Rechtmar, later avenged him.
Its large earthwork enclosure has been traced from aerial photographs. On the ground, the early bank and ditch can be followed along the line of trees on the eastern boundary of the site, and partly along the western boundary. The buildings of the early monastery would have been made of timber.
The hollow way was cobbled and continued in regular use until the 19th century. Earlier buildings were found to be cruck-built with stone bases to the walls, and later ones probably stone- built. The manorial enclosure, early earthwork on the village green and the hollow way were not excavated.
Alaungpaya's first target was Prome that had been under siege by the Hanthawaddy troops for seven months. The Hanthawaddy troops were well entrenched in their earthwork stockades surrounding Prome. They had repulsed Konbaung troops trying to relieve the siege throughout 1754. In January, Alaungpaya himself returned with a large army.
D.V. Rogers (born 1968) is a New Zealand installation-based performance artist-engineer, best known for the machine earthwork Parkfield Interventional EQ Fieldwork (PIEQF) which took place in Parkfield, California in 2008.Wall, Michael. "The Science-Art of Quakes" Mudie, Ella."The Spectacle of Seismicity: Making Art From Earthquakes", mitpressjournals.
The most substantial remaining monument is a large, terraced earthwork temple. There are various smaller temple mounds within the walls. A small museum is the nearby village of Pugung Raharjo houses a collection of finds from the site, including some impressive statues that are often described as being 'Polynesian' in style.
The earthwork is still visible behind the buildings on the main street. The town later became an important marketplace and Quaker village. It has made the town much more wealthy. There are several extant examples of Quaker houses on the main street, which itself is typical of an Irish marketplace.
Drolsum: 55 Construction was done by Entreprenør Gunnar Sterkebye. The hill received a new tall in-run and a new jury tower form the jump. On the landing slope and out-run, of earthwork had to be moved. Work was made more difficult because of high snowfall and temperatures down to .
Immediately to the south of the central bridge is an earthwork which is visible only when the sun is low. It consists of a low ditched rectangular mound and an adjacent ring ditch. It probably dates from the post-medieval period. The area is otherwise covered by irregular drainage channels.
Cam Loch (the Crooked Loch) is one of a number of water supply sources for the Crinan Canal. The impounding reservoir lies to the south of the canal and about 3 kilometres west of Lochgilphead. It has an earthwork dam 8.5 metres high, with records showing that construction was before 1860.
In the summer, families moved to the coast. In winters, they moved inland and lived in villages of houses made of pole and thatch. The Bidai lived in bearskin tents. The homes of chiefs and medicine men were erected on earthwork mounds made by several previous cultures including the Mississippian.
The first fort on the site was built by the Duke of Cumberland. Although there did previously exist an earthwork battery on the site, built in 1714.Ambler and Little, p. 22 Work on Cumberland's fort commenced on 1 January 1747 and was substantially complete by the end of 1748.
Jewell, P. A. (ed.) 1963, The Experimental Earthwork on Overton Down, Wiltshire, 1960 (British Association for the Advancement of Science). Various objects were placed in it. Since then, periodic examinations of the site have been made, providing valuable insights into taphonomy. The experiment is designed to continue for 128 years.
Broadbury Castle() is an Iron Age earthwork close to Beaworthy in Devon, England, map ref: SX4895, it is thought to be a Roman fort, marching camp or signal station. Broadbury Castle was a familiar place for fox hunting, with Devon newspaper accounts stretching over fifty years."The Chase". Western Times.
Immediately west of the church are the earthwork remains of Wollaston Castle, a motte-and-bailey castle. Half a mile south-east near Bretchel is the site of a small Norman motte castle known as The Beacon. Previously served by Plas-y-Court Halt railway station on the Cambrian Line.
The July Course is the home of the July Cup, the Falmouth Stakes and a number of other very important races. The two courses are separated by the Devil's Dyke. This large earthwork starts in neighbouring Woodditton (sometimes spelt as Wood Ditton) and ends in Reach, a distance of over .
The earthworks were raised two to three feet above the prairie, and were surround by ditches from which the fill was taken. Although one end of each linear earthwork was close to a house mound, they were never connected to the mounds. No artifacts were found in the linear earthworks.
Robin Hood's Bower, in the middle of Southleigh wood, is an earthwork enclosure of uncertain date and purpose. Several Iron Age enclosures have been found on Cow Down, southwest of Sutton Veny village, including a D-shape bank and ditch, where partial excavation found evidence of a circular wooden hut.
There are six Scheduled Monuments in the Coity Higher Community:- ;Coity Burial Chamber: A Chambered tomb, (Location: SS926819.) The ruins of a Neolithic chambered tomb, with four large stone slabs.coflein NPRN: 300382, Coity Burial Chamber ;Pant-y-Pyllau Enclosure: A Prehistoric Earthwork. (Location: SS927824). A banked enclosure with external ditches.
The latter has an area of . There is a single rampart and ditch which are well preserved in places. The earthwork bank is up to high and accompanied by a ditch in places. The road north from Penselwood village crosses the hill fort and probably passes through the original entrances.
The address of Pickett's Mill Battlefield Historic Site is 4432 Mt. Tabor Church Rd, Dallas, Georgia 30157. It is now preserved as a Georgia state park and includes roads used by Union and Confederate troops, earthwork battlements, and an 1800s era pioneer cabin. The area's ravine is a site where hundreds died.
A huge amount of earthwork was carried out at the site including the cutting and filling of a total of land at a maximum rate of per day. About 50% of the land works and foundation and piling work for constructing the PTB and air traffic control tower were completed by March 2015.
An earthwork runs over the top of the hill in the park enclosing an area approximately . Excavations in 1951 revealed 14th century pottery. By comparison with similar archaeological sites in the area, it is suggested by Eric J Talbot, then of Glasgow University, that this was a Norman ringwork earth and timber castle.
He was the third of seven children born to farmer and part-time dike worker Pieter de Rijke and his wife, Anna Catharina Liefbroer. He obtained a position with the Dutch Ministry of the Interior as an apprentice to Jacobus Lebret, under whom he studied mathematics, earthwork construction, and hydraulic engineering practices.
Over Wallop was described in the Domesday Book as the 'other Wallop', smaller than Nether Wallop. Over Wallop contains the spring that sources a small river known by locals as “The Brook”. “The Brook” is a tributary to the River Test. A linear Earthwork and Flint mines are located in the parish.
No evidence of the fortress earthwork have been preserved. Brønshøj Museum contains information from the Swedish wars 1658-1660 including a number of artifacts and models of the fortress. The modern Copenhagen districts of Brønshøj, Bellahøj and Utterslev are located on or near the site. Several nearby streets are named for it; e.g.
Most of the workers were nomadic navvies which moved to the area for the period they worked on the line, and then moved onwards to a new project. A significant portion of the works were Swedish.Sørensen (1995): 26 Earthwork was dug using spades and picks. Horses were only used for hauling heavy stones.
Plan of Fort Sumner Barracks at Fort Sumner The earthwork fort was an 1863 expansion of Fort Alexander, Fort Ripley, and Fort Franklin, which were built to protect the Washington Aqueduct, the new water supply for the city, and the adjacent Potomac River shoreline.Historical Marker Database (2007). "Fort Sumner." Accessed 2013-02-18.
Between 200 and 300 people partook in the construction, some of which lived in sheds at Nordheim. Work was carried out in two shifts. Thirty farms were partially expropriated. Half a million cubic meters (18 million cu ft) of rock were blasted and a similar amount of earthwork moved in the construction process.
One contributing cause was that earthwork removed during the road construction could be used to fill in for the railway tracks. For the railway the Joint Project was responsible for building a section from Langset to Kleverud. Railway tunnels built in Norway during the 1990s and 2000s had been plagued with leaks.
The confluence of the rivers is approximately north of the village. The Kennet and Avon Canal forms part of the parish's boundaries with Woolhampton and Padworth. Sections of Grim's Bank are in the parish. Part of the earthwork in the AWE complex survives at a height of and with a ditch deep.
The Great Pyramid of Giza in Egypt would fit precisely within Observatory Circle. The even larger -diameter Newark Great Circle, located in Heath, is the largest circular earthwork in the Americas. The -high walls surround a -deep moat. At the entrance, the walls and moat are of greater and more impressive dimensions.
Mounsey Castle is an Iron Age irregular triangular earthwork of north west of Dulverton, Somerset, England. It has been scheduled as an ancient monument. It has been added to the Heritage at Risk Register. It is named after the Monceaux family, who were the local lords of the manor in the Middle Ages.
It can also serve as a barracks for small parties of soldiers. This kuruwa can consist of any sort of wall from a shoddy earthwork fortification to large, strong walls as seen in Nagoya Castle, Sasayama Castle, and Hiroshima Castle. ;Mizunote kuruwa :This refers to any kuruwa containing the castle's water supply.
The remains include enclosures with walls made of upright boulders (orthostats) and earthwork terraces. Excavations have found pottery fragments, metalwork and coins. The site is a listed ancient Scheduled Monument. Rainster Rocks was also a popular rock climbing location (with over 80 graded routes) and has been climbed for over 100 years.
1–3, via archive.org This makes Monks Mound roughly the same size at its base as the Great Pyramid of Giza (13.1 acres / 5.3 hectares). The perimeter of its base is larger than the Pyramid of the Sun at Teotihuacan. As a platform mound, the earthwork supported a wooden structure on the summit.
There are few examples in Scotland of earthwork castles being rebuilt in stone. The four- sided motte measures at the summit. The enclosure castle on top is roughly rectangular, measuring , with a round tower at each corner. Little survives above ground of this structure, though the south-south-east tower survives best.
226 An opportunity arose when they learned that a British foraging expedition had landed at Sag Harbor, Long Island. Sag Harbor had been occupied by British troops after the August 1776 Battle of Long Island, and they had established a strong defensive position on Meeting House Hill, with earthwork fortifications and palisades.
The Beni region is wide and flat, featuring many large mounds connected by straight earthen causeways, which are believed by researchers to have been built by ancient inhabitants. The earthwork mounds provide raised living areas and enable the growth of trees that could not survive otherwise in the frequently flooded lowland area. In the 21st century, archeologists and anthropologists such as Americans Clark Erickson and William Balée, respectively, believe these earthwork structures are evidence of a large and sophisticated indigenous civilization that flourished for thousands of years before European colonization.Charles C. Mann, "1491", The Atlantic, March 2002 The first European settlers in this area were Spanish Jesuit missionaries during the 18th century, sent to convert the native inhabitants, chiefly in the southern half of the department.
In Book One Chapter Twelve of Bede's Ecclesiastical History, he writes that the Romans "built a strong wall of stone directly from sea to sea in a straight line between the towns that had been built as strong-points, where Severus had built his earthwork ... straight from east to west". The strong wall of stone cannot refer to the Antonine Wall or Offa's Dyke, so it clearly refers to Hadrian's Wall, especially as Offa's Dyke runs from north to south. Also, as Severus's earthwork is described as being in the same location as Hadrian's Wall, it cannot be Offa's Dyke either, so the earth rampart with a great trench that Bede refers to must be the Vallum, the adjoining earthen barrier immediately south of Hadrian's Wall.
As president of the Cincinnati Committee of Public Safety, Bates commanded a division when Cincinnati was threatened by Confederates forces in the summer of 1863. One of the earthwork fortifications in northern Kentucky which defended Cincinnati was named Bates Battery in his honor. Again returning to civilian life, Bates resumed his law practice in Cincinnati.
The South Flats Gun Club gained possession of the earthwork in 1929 when they purchased the Muskegon State Game Area in Muskegon County, Michigan. According to Donald et al., this likely helped in preservation efforts., although a few small-scale developmental changes(hunting blinds and stations) there was no large noticeable changes to the property.
Work was carried out in two shifts. Thirty farms were partially expropriated. Half a million cubic meters (18 million cu ft) of rock were blasted and a similar amount of earthwork moved in the construction process. The work consisted of a runway and an equivalently long taxiway, although it was only half the width.
South Duffield (2006) South Duffield was also a township in the ancient parish of Hemingbrough. There was a manor at South Duffield, now evidenced by an earthwork. The present South Duffield Hall dates from the late 1700s. At South Duffield remains of previous activity included a former brick tower mill used for grain dating from .
In one round barrow a small burial urn was recovered. Many of the barrows were opened by John Skinner in the 18th Century. Bathampton Camp may have been a univallate Iron Age hill fort or stock enclosure. The rectangular enclosure approximately (east-west) by (north-south) has been identified, which may be a Medieval earthwork.
Westwater reservoir was opened in 1969 with an earthwork dam on the West Water, a tributary of the Lyne Water which, in turn, is a tributary of the River Tweed. The reservoir has an area of . The reservoir is surrounded by the North Slipperfield Estate which manages the land for rough grazing and shooting.
The site includes some massive rectangular earthwork enclosures of the late Middle Kingdom or Second Intermediate Period. They measure around 515m by 490m, and their purpose is probably defensive. These earthen walls were sloping and plastered on the outer face, and almost vertical on the inner face. Egyptian parallels for such a structure are lacking.
Neither found burials or grave goods; Greenwell found a feature approximating a shallow grave.Willy Howe, Pastscape : DESCRIPTION The structure has a central space, resulting from the 19th-century excavations, additionally an earthwork ramp created as part of Greenwell's excavations has also modified the site. Use as a Thingstead during the medieval period has been speculated.
The earthwork remains of the castle are on what is now a public green space known as Temple Field or Mount Hill. The ditches have been filled in and the mound is now about 7 metres high. The name Temple Field takes its name from the nearby church. The site is a Scheduled Monument.
Ponter's Ball Dyke is a linear earthwork located near Glastonbury in Somerset, England. It crosses, at right angles, an ancient road that continues on to the Isle of Avalon. It consists of an embankment with a ditch on the east side. It is built across the ridge of land between Glastonbury and West Pennard.
Bokerley Dyke on Martin Down Bokerley Dyke (or Bokerley Ditch) is a linear earthwork long in Hampshire, between Woodyates and Martin. It is a Scheduled Monument. It is also spelt Bokerly Dyke. Bokerley Dyke was excavated by Augustus Pitt Rivers between 1888 and 1891 and by Philip Rahtz in advance of road widening in 1958.
Linear earthworks may function as defences, as boundary markers to define a territory, to mark out agricultural land, to control movement of people or animals, to levy customs duties or as a combination of some or all of these. A cross dyke is a type of linear earthwork believed to be a prehistoric land boundary.
Brent Ditch as seen from A11 slip road on southern side. Brent Ditch is generally assumed to be an Anglo-Saxon earthwork in Southern Cambridgeshire, England built around the 6th and 7th Centuries . However most of its structure has been lost over time. The site is scheduled as an ancient monument by Historic England.
Newcourt Tump One mile to the north of the village are some earthwork remains of a small motte and bailey castle known as Newcourt Tump. ("Tump" is a dialect word for a rounded hill or tumulus.)OUP site. Retrieved 20 October 2019. The castle seems to have fallen out of use by the 14th century.
Fowler suggests that its plan is consistent with those of Roman border fortifications such as Hadrian's Wall, not just a military defence but intended to control locals and travelers along the Wessex Ridgeway.Peter Fowler. Wansdyke in the Woods: An unfinished Roman military earthwork for a non-event. pp 179-198 in: Roman Wiltshire and after.
A col to the south connects the hill to the main Stowey ridge, where a linear earthwork known as Dead Woman's Ditch cuts across the spur. This additional rampart would have provided an extra line of defence against attack from the main Quantock ridge to the west, and it could have been a tribal boundary.
The engineers were John Stephenson (not known to be a relation of George) who introduced scientific methods into earthwork construction and the excavation of deep cuttings, and Isaac Dodds whose "talent for invention was highly respected in his day" Superintending the construction was Frederick Swanwick, a pupil of George Stephenson, who was nominally engineering chief.
He stated that time had run from the line, and that instead a "good road" should be built between Grong and Namsos. At the time of the decision, about half the earthwork and three-quarters of the blasting was concluded. Three tunnels were completed and of the line were ready for tracks to be laid.
Heavy construction equipment is usually used due to the amounts of material to be moved — up to millions of cubic metres. Earthwork construction was revolutionized by the development of the (Fresno) scraper and other earth-moving machines such as the loader, the dump truck, the grader, the bulldozer, the backhoe, and the dragline excavator.
In a dispatch published by the New York Times in March 1862, Fort Randolph is described as a "rough and incomplete earthwork (...), more than 100 feet above the river". The position of the fortification allowed a view of the Mississippi River for , both upstream and downstream. In 2008, Fort Randolph is no longer in existence.
Cornish Archaeology. p. 85 The defensive earthwork known as Lescudjack Castle is not excavated, but almost certainly belongs to the Iron Age.Craig Weatherhill Cornovia: Ancient Sites of Cornwall & Scilly (Alison Hodge 1985; Halsgrove 1997, 2000) A single rampart encloses three acres of hilltop, and would have dominated the approach to the area from the east.
However, available materials, workmen, and garrison troops caused the fort to be built to a much smaller and less defensible plan. It was built with a redoubt on the northwest corner and five cannon. The fort was a square earthwork of with four corner bastions. It had a barracks, officers' quarters, and a bakehouse.
Trudeau, pp. 253-54 Although the Union men had to assault under the fire of one 32-pounder gun and two 12-pounders inside the earthwork, the fort was captured. Confederate Brig. Gen. Robert C. Tyler was mortally wounded by a sharpshooter, becoming the last general officer to be killed in the Civil War.
During this period, an elite society supported by skillful farmers constructed a town. Leaders directed the complex construction of large, earthwork mounds, the central structures on the plateau. Carrying earth by hand in bags, thousands of workers built the .-high Great Temple Mound on a high bluff overlooking the floodplain of the Ocmulgee River.
Middleton Park is a remnant of the manorial estate which existed after the Norman Conquest. Middleton is mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086. At the northern end of park there is an earthwork from 1204 demarcating the boundary between Middleton and Beeston. Lords of the manor included the Grammarys, Creppings, Leghs and Brandlings.
Visitors are welcome to visit the Devil's Dyke. According to a plaque at one entrance to the dyke, the land was presented by Lord Brocket in 1937 on the occasion of the coronation of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth.It does not mention the recipient of this gift. Other parts of the Wheathampstead earthwork are not accessible.
The Italian defenders panicked and allowed the ramparts to be scaled. They then rallied, counterattacking with hand grenades, but ultimately were forced to leave possession of the earthwork to the French. The French captured several engineers who revealed the position of mined tunnels. Before the attackers could penetrate the tunnel network, the defenders blew five mines under the hornwork.
They were constructed of three rows of vertical wooden poles. Each pole connected to the next ring by beams. The innermost row was the lowest and the gaps filled horizontal with planks forming a wall to the inside of the fort. The middle row was as high as the earthwork and carried the inner side of the walkway.
The enclosure is on the Walton Down at ST 4289 7377, to the northeast of village of Walton in Gordano. The earthwork banks and ditch were detected from aerial photographs from 1930 and 1946. Since then many of the features have been hidden by encroaching vegetation. The earthworks are obscured by gorse, scrub, brambles and small bushes.
They are bred by dedicated fanciers to preserve their working functional conformation and the instinct to employ their original purpose as earth terriers. This makes them an excellent performance breed participating in a variety of events: natural hunting which includes earthwork, agility, rally, obedience, tracking, go-to-ground, and conformation, etc. They are also therapy and service dogs.
Redevelopment has destroyed much of the evidence for early Ilford, but the oldest evidence for human occupation is the 1st- and 2nd-century BC Iron Age earthwork known as Uphall Camp. This was situated between the Roding and Ilford Lane and is recorded in 18th-century plans. Roman finds have also been made in the vicinity.
Tampa Bay was the heart of the Safety Harbor culture area. People in the Safety Harbor culture lived in chiefdoms, consisting of a chief town and several outlying communities, controlling about of shoreline and extending or so inland. Ceremonial earthwork mounds were built in the chief towns. Chief towns were occasionally abandoned and new towns built.
The Knockans is an Iron Age linear earthwork located in south-west Ireland, believed to be the site of the ancient Tailteann Games. One of a number of Irish Iron Age linear earthworks, the Knockans is a double-banked monument partly destroyed by bulldozer in May 1997, which saw the northern bank totally destroyed and other material damage done.
Bremridge Wood Bremridge Wood formerly part of the Domesday Book estate of Bremridge near South Molton, Devon, England, is the site of an Iron Age enclosure or hill fort. The earthwork is situated in woodland on a Hillside forming a promontory above the River Bray to the West of the Town at approx 175 Metres above Sea Level.
Thomas Alfred Davies was put in charge of defending Fort Leavenworth. Maj. Franklin E. Hunt was placed in command of the defense of the city of Leavenworth, Kansas. Several earthwork batteries were established overlooking the city of Leavenworth from along the southwestern edge of Fort Leavenworth, as well as in the city of Leavenworth along Michigan Avenue. LaMaster, p.
Castle Qua (also known as Castle Quaw or Castle-dykes) is the name given to an earthwork found in the Cartland Craigs National Nature Reserve near Lanark, South Lanarkshire. It is site number NS84SE 1 in the records of the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland. It's believed to be a medieval structure.
An important pre-Roman site is Hollingbury Castle. Commanding panoramic views over the city, this Celtic Iron Age encampment is circumscribed by substantial earthwork outer walls with a diameter of approximately 300 metres. It is one of numerous hillforts found across southern Britain. Cissbury Ring, roughly from Hollingbury, is suggested to have been the tribal "capital".
SMF is implementing a system called "Advanced Integrated Wastewater Pond Systems (AIWPS)". Each AIWPS facility designs and incorporates a series of low-cost ponds or earthwork reactors. A typical AIWPS facility consists of a minimum of four ponds in series. These systems would store sewage for 45 days, using bacteria and algae to eliminate waste and purify the water.
The Roxbury High Fort site once contained earthwork fortifications of the Continental Army during the Siege of Boston during the American Revolutionary War. At that time Roxbury was an independent town connected to Boston by a narrow neck of land. The hill offered a great vantage of the entire area. In 1868 Roxbury was annexed to Boston.
Andy Burnham, 7 Oct. 2007 Slightly further to the south lies Ark Hill within the Sidlaw Hills. Castleton Hotel stands on the medieval fortification that gives the settlement its name, an enormous defensive mound surrounded by a broad ditch. The rectangular earthwork is deep in the north-east, with a three-foot internal rampart, elsewhere it is shallower.
Beverly Fort was a fort that existed from 1775 to 1776 during the American Revolutionary War on Hospital Point in Beverly, Massachusetts. It was reoccupied in 1814 during the War of 1812. In 1801, a smallpox hospital was built there, which was used in 1814 as a barracks. The J-shaped earthwork of the fort still exists today.
The location of this mound has been disputed. A Bronze Age mound, unaltered and perfectly round with a diameter of 21 metres, was believed to be the site. However it is now seen to be the mound that's included in a conjoined earthwork. This mound dished at the top is surrounded by a wide bank joined to a ringfort.
Milefortlet 1 (Biglands House) was a milefortlet of the Roman Cumbrian Coast defences. These milefortlets and intervening stone watchtowers extended from the western end of Hadrian's Wall, along the Cumbrian coast and were linked by a wooden palisade. They were contemporary with defensive structures on Hadrian's Wall. The remains of Milefortlet 1 survive as a slight earthwork.
Highbury Hill is the site of the earthwork remains of an Iron Age univallate hillfort. It occupies an area of woodland at the end of a narrow ridge. It is a Scheduled Ancient Monument. The site lies in an area of woodland at the south eastern end of a narrow ridge with steep slopes around it.
These areas were lost to the kingdom of Mercia. The construction of the earthwork known as Offa's Dyke (usually attributed to Offa, King of Mercia in the 8th century) may have marked an agreed border.Davies, J. A history of Wales pp. 65–6. For a single man to rule the whole country during this period was rare.
Holbury manor house is a 17th/18th century recasing in red brick of an earlier building, originally a Tudor mansion.Hampshire Treasures, Volume 5 (New Forest), Page 125 Next to it is a moated site, perhaps the site of the monastic manor and associated buildings. The earthwork contains sites of three buildings within the moated area and others outside.
A settlement of 28 households at Wochesie was recorded in Domesday Book of 1086. There was a church at Oaksey in the 12th century, and in 1377 there were 86 poll tax payers. Norwood Castle is an earthwork about north of the village at Dean Farm. It may be the remains of a Norman motte-and-bailey castle.
South west of the village is Dinies Camp, an univallate Iron Age hill fort enclosure. The hill fort is considered to be medieval as it is on the site of earlier earthwork. The parish of Downhead was part of the Whitstone Hundred. The village was recorded as Dunehevede, meaning the top of the down, in 1196.
There are also a number of state-owned wildlife management areas, such as the one at Sny Magill Creek, where Clayton County also maintains a county park. Numerous federally recognized tribes have been identified as having linguistic and cultural ties to the various ancestral peoples who built the effigy and other earthwork mounds at the monument site.
The Church of England parish church of St James is on top of a prominent hill and has an old Roman earthwork around it. It was probably the site of a pagan temple. The Roman road between London and Silchester, called the "Devil's Highway", ran through the middle of the parish. A Roman milestone survives at Banisters.
The Ringmoor settlement is an Iron Age/Romano-British farming settlement in Dorset, England. It is between the villages of Okeford Fitzpaine and Turnworth, and lies on east-facing slopes of Bell Hill, on the Dorset Downs. The site is owned by the National Trust,"Earthwork Remains of Turnworth Iron Age Settlement, Ringmoor" National Trust. Retrieved 29 June 2020.
The earthwork consists of a single circular rampart (univallate) up to 3 m high, with three holloway entrances dominated by linear banks extending out from the main perimeter. The ring has a diameter of about , enclosing an area of . The fort is at the top of low hill about 1 km north of the River Tone.
Construction involved blasting of earthwork and drilling of holes for pre-injection. The construction used of gunite, of concrete, 24,000 bolts, of water- and frost protection, of noise- and frost isolation and of cable conduit. Near the entrance at Asker, the tunnel is closest to the surface, and is between below the basements of residential houses.
The main part of the tunnel was built using the drilling and blasting method, using two points of entry. Work on the tunneling started in 2002 and was concluded in February 2004. Construction included the removal of of earthwork and the laying of of ballast. Laying of tracks, signaling, power supply and other superstructures were done by Baneservice.
In the 20th century there was additional damage in the form of a subrectangular earthwork mound said to be an "orgone accumulator". Orgone is supposed to be a vital energy or life force which informs the universe, and which can be collected and stored in an orgone accumulator for subsequent use in the treatment of illness.
This has been an area of cotton plantations and later other commodity crops. Murphy Mound Archeological Site has one of the largest platform mounds in Missouri. It is a major earthwork of the Late Mississippian culture, which had settlement sites throughout the Mississippi Valley and tributaries. The site is privately owned and is not open to the public.
There is no known evidence that any progress was made on the actual fortification by war's end. The original plan was to build a Martello tower on the island. One source states that an earthwork fort was built on the island during the war and torn down in 1821; also, a wooden fort existed from 1814 to 1824.
Between 1945 and 1970, much of the Victorian earthwork and concrete defences were cleared from the Grand Sea Battery, and the 1941 battery was completely destroyed. In the 21st century, St Mawes Castle is operated by English Heritage as a tourist attraction, receiving 21,104 visitors in 2010.; It is protected under UK law as a Scheduled Monument.
Late Iron Age cremation burials have been excavated at Latchmere Green and Windabout Copse. The Roman cemeteries are thought to have been located to the north and west of the Outer Earthwork, and have not been investigated. A tombstone recovered in 1577 reads "To the memory of Flavia Victorina Titus Tammonius, Her husband set this up".
An Iron Age flat grave A flat grave is a burial in a simple oval or rectangular pit. The pit is filled with earth, but the grave is not marked above the surface by any means such as a tumulus or upstanding earthwork. Both intact human bodies (skeletal grave) and cremated remains (urn grave) were buried in the graves.
The film is memorable for the subtly erotic scene between Sgt. Troy and Bathsheba in which he flaunts his expert skills as a swordsman in a private fencing display in a prehistoric earthwork (actually Maiden Castle). An enthralled Bathsheba stands immobile before him. Roger Ebert found the scenes of the rural area and rural life to be "splendid".
Chicago Drainage Canal, 1900s Gillette his first book on earthworks, entitled Earthwork and Its Cost, was prized for its verve and clarity as well as its technical comprehensiveness.American Architect and Architecture, Vol. 118, 1920. p. 757 In its preface Gillette (1903) explained: > There are few engineering works of magnitude that do not involve the > excavation of earth.
The somewhat later Cross Creek site is more elaborate than the River Styx site, with several mounds. It did not have any Deptford- style ceramics. A burial mound is surrounded by a horseshoe-shaped earthwork, as at the River Styx site, but does not contain any cremations. Other mounds at Cross Creek do not have associated earthworks around them.
Plan of Worlebury Camp Weston's oldest structure is Worlebury Camp, on Worlebury Hill, dating from the Iron Age. Castle Batch was a castle that once stood overlooking the town. The present site has an earthwork mound of in diameter which is believed to be the remains of a motte. The parish was part of the Winterstoke Hundred.
Church Henge (also known as the Central Circle, ) is the best preserved of the three henges at Knowlton. It is an oval enclosure surrounded by a ditch and earthwork bank. The enclosure is orientated roughly northeast to southwest and measures 106 metres by 94 metres. The enclosing ditch is 10 metres wide and up to 1 metre deep.
Cadbury Castle is located north east of Yeovil. It stands on the summit of Cadbury Hill, a limestone hill situated on the southern edge of the Somerset Levels, with flat lowland to the north. The summit is above sea- level on lias stone. The hill is surrounded by terraced earthwork banks and ditches and a stand of trees.
Trendle Ring (or Trundle Ring) is a late prehistoric earthwork on the Quantock Hills near Bicknoller in Somerset, England. It is a Scheduled Ancient Monument (Site no. 33201). In 2013 it was added to the Heritage at Risk Register due to vulnerability to plant growth. The word trendle means circle, so it is a tautological place name.
Multiple internal partitions are a frequent feature, probably indicating that several smaller (family?) units inhabited a house. Lüning suggests that Rössen settlements, unlike the earlier LBK ones, are true village communities. Some settlements were surrounded by earthwork enclosures. The majority of settlements is located in areas with Chernozem soils; compared to LBK the area of settlement has decreased.
Both the period of construction and the original purpose of the earthwork are uncertain. It has been described at different times by different authorities as a fort, a settlement, a livestock enclosure and a hill-slope enclosure. It may have served different purposes at different times. It has never been excavated and no found artifacts are associated with it.
There are several barrows in the parish, notably on Hackpen Hill.Crowley et al., 1983, pages 105–109 East of The Weir is a Romano-British burial site and possibly the remains of a house of that period. Bincknoll Castle is an earthwork on a promentary on a chalk escarpment in the northernmost part of the parish.
Halbert Powers Gillette, Chapter X: Methods and Cost with Cars, Earthwork and Its Cost, McGraw Hill, New York, 1920; pages 384-386. The operation of the wings was once performed by compressed air, and later hydraulics. Besides the MoW- operation spreaders are also used in open cast mines to clean the tracks from overburden tipped from dump cars.
The Roman fort of Ad Pontem (at East Stoke near Newark) was 10 miles further north along the Fosse Way. It was also a small 1st-century fort with a similar rhomboid-shaped earthwork enclosure. A settlement developed on the site and Roman occupation continued into the 4th century. Two Iron Age huts were also found there.
The construction of the tunnels spurred a surplus of earthwork, which could be used to reclaim land east of the tunnel and extend the runway along it. However, the extension of the runway proper did not take place until 1994, costing NOK 60 million.Hjelle: 25 The new runway was taken into use on 20 October 1995.
A little over to the north- west at Castle Hill are the earthwork remains of a medieval motte and bailey castle. The Church of St Peter and St Paul, Uppingham is largely 14th century. It is perhaps known particularly for the early ministry of Jeremy Taylor. Uppingham Workhouse was first recorded in 1777 with space for 40 inmates.
The name "Scrainwood" is uncertain and may mean 'shrew-mouse wood' or 'villain wood' or it could mean 'hollow- place wood'. Until 1509 Scrainwood manor was in William Vescy's barony. Scrainwood is a deserted medieval village that appeared to have declined in the 15 or 16th century. There are earthwork remains of at least 3 probable house platforms.
Headquarters of the tyrant López. Earthwork to protect him from Allied fire − done from the life' . Painting (and title) by the Argentine general and watercolourist José Ignacio Garmendía (1841-1925). (An Argentine flag flies over the captured watchtower.) López II established his headquarters at Paso Pucú, one of the corners of the Quadrilateral (see map in this Section).
It was the approximate center of the line of fortifications and telegraph lines connected each of the earthwork positions with his headquarters. Following the threat, many more batteries and forts were constructed through November 1864, mostly under the direction of Major James H. Simpson.see Walden, "Panic on the Ohio! Part IV" for details on the fortifications.
Oliver Cromwell ordered emergency work to be conducted to repair the defences, resulting in two new earthwork bastions being added to the castle and a brick barracks constructed in the old bailey.Mackenzie, p.311; Brown, p.73. The governor of Cambridge described in 1643 that "our town and castle are now very strongly fortified... with breastworks and bulwarks".
Jewell, P. A. and G. W. Dimbleby, 1966, "The Experimental Earthwork on Overton Down, Wiltshire, England," Papers of the Prehistoric Society 32:313-342 Reports on various aspects of the site have already added significantly to the knowledge of archaeological site formation.Fowler, P. J. and S. W. Hillson, 1996 The Experimental Earthwork Project 1960-1992 Early in the project's history, the complexity of stratification of degraded ditch walls and their asymmetrical character was noted and examined. The excavation after thirty-two years provided information on decay rates and patterns of deposited objects, which are of use to forensic scientists. Nonintrusive examination of the ditch has indicated that in this particular environment (exposed chalky hill), after about ten years the general appearance no longer makes rapid changes in appearance and can be considered relatively stable.
In the UK, manmade earthwork structures are sometimes constructed around housing developments, especially near industrial sites. The mounds of earth with vegetation (normally shrubs and trees) diminish the noise from the industrial site. The bunds then create a more natural landscape instead of thick or high barriers. They can be built in curved or sinuous forms, depending on the landscape.
It was the long-time terminus of the western part of Nemacolin's Trail. Likely more than 1,200 years before construction of the fort, trading post or castle, prehistoric indigenous peoples had also found this site a strategic one. They built the earthwork mounds which the colonists called Redstone Old Fort. Fort Burd was built on top of its sandstone base.
On the east and south sides of the village are the remains of a defensive ditch, which originally encircled the village. To the south is the deserted medieval village of Grimston, which now forms part of the Manor of Wellow. To the north east is Jordan Castle, a Norman ringwork consisting of a circular earthwork surrounded by a bank and ditch.Pevsner, Nikolaus. 1979.
Seven Ways Plain hill fort is located in the south west part of Burnham Beeches. it is a rare example of a single rampart earthwork used either as a stock enclosures or possibly places of refuge. It comprises a range of earthworks which have been dated to the Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age. It is a Scheduled Monument.
Audenshaw is a town in Tameside, Greater Manchester, England, east of Manchester. Historically part of Lancashire, in 2011 it had a population of 11,419. The name derives from Aldwin, a Saxon personal name, and the Old English suffix shagh meaning "Woodland". Nico Ditch, an early-medieval linear earthwork possibly built as a defensive barrier against Vikings, runs through the area.
The town's centre is Market Square, which has a rare set of stocks. It is in the old linen manufacturing district. Dromore has the remains of a castle and earthworks, although these have modern buildings surrounding them, a large motte and bailey or encampment (known locally as "the Mound"), and an earlier earthwork known as the Priest's Mount on the Maypole Hill.
Two non-invasive geophysical surveys were done in 2010 to further explore what lies beneath the surface of the site without further destruction of the structure and landscape, these surveys were done through GPR (Ground Penetrating Radar) and magnetometry. The surveys are significant as this was the only time GPR and magnetometry methods were used at an earthwork site in Michigan.
The name of the town, which means "little castle" in Hungarian, dates back to the Conquest of Hungary. The conquering Hungarians named the town for its earthwork. In the Middle Ages, it occurred like Warda and Warada in documents. The "kis" (meaning little) word part was added to differentiate the town from Nagyvárad (now Oradea, Romania), "nagy" meaning great or large.
João Francisco, a Portuguese whale fisherman, established a small whaling port at the north of Itaparica Island in 1624. The point was called Ponta da Baleia (English: Whale Point). The point was occupied by the Dutch during their occupation of Brazil (1630–1654). The Dutch, under Siegsmundt Van Schkoppe, established a small earthwork fortification in 1647 at the Ponta da Baleia.
Population details can be found under Rowington. "Bushwood" is a corruption of byssopswode or Bishop's Wood, which refers to its former ownership by the bishops of Worcester, dating back to the 9th century. The wood itself is an ancient deer park, with an earthwork along its lower boundary. The manor house, Bushwood Hall, is located at the northern end of the settlement.
The oak, a Quercus robur, is situated near Wrexham in modern Wales. It lies on Offa's Dyke Path which runs near to Offa's Dyke, a circa 8th-century Anglo- Saxon border earthwork between Mercia and the Welsh Kingdoms. It is located around from Chirk Castle, at the entrance to the Ceiriog Valley and next to a public road (the B4500).
Driffield Castle is located in the town of Driffield, approximately north of Beverley, East Riding of Yorkshire, England (). It was a Norman earthwork motte and bailey fortress which was founded by Hugh d'Avranches, 1st Earl of Chester. It was re-fortified in the 13th century. The motte was damaged by 19th century quarrying and houses have encroached on the bailey.
Posbury Hill Fort is an unexcavated Iron Age Hill fort, located three miles south-west of Crediton, Devon.Sellman, R. R. Aspects of Devon History, Devon Books 1985 - - Chapter 2; The Iron Age in Devon. Map Page 11 of Iron Age hill forts in Devon includes Posbury. It consists today of an incomplete earthwork partly enclosing a hilltop 180 metres above sea level.
Moulton Castle, also known as King's Hall Park, is a medieval earthwork and scheduled monument situated to the south of Moulton, Lincolnshire, England. It probably dates from the twelfth century. It was owned by Thomas de Moulton in the early thirteenth century and it was during this period of unrest when the fortifications were most likely constructed.Roffe, David; "Moulton: King's Hall"; Roffe.co.uk.
There is evidence of prehistoric occupation to the east of the village, where there is an earthwork. Freshwater is marked on a 1578 parish map, but apparently as a coastal place, rather than a parish. In more modern times, the stream would provide fresh water for ships, giving it its name. In Victorian times it became established as a bathing venue.
There are two castles associated with the village: Cusop Castle and Mouse Castle, or Llygad. Cusop Castle is 200 yards from the church, formerly a fortified residence. Mouse Castle is an unfinished motte-and-bailey earthwork, consisting of a rock boss with an artificially scarped vertical side. The castle was held by the de Clanowe family in the 14th century.
He raised money to create earthwork defenses and buy artillery. The largest of these was the "Association Battery" or "Grand Battery" of 50 guns, on the site that became Joshua Humphreys' shipyard in 1794 and is now the Coast Guard Station Philadelphia. At the end of the war, commanders disbanded the militia and left derelict the defenses of the city.
The "Great Mound" The largest earthwork, the "Great Mound", is believed to have been constructed around 160 BCE. The Great Mound is a circular earth enclosure with an internal ditch and south to southwest entrance. The earthworks measure across from bank to bank. The embankment is wide at its base, and the ditch is deep and across at its top.
Construction on the $300-million dam project began in 1947, and its embankment was enclosed in April 1953. The dam was dedicated by President Eisenhower two months later. The Corps of Engineers completed earthwork in the fall of 1954. Garrison Dam is one of six Missouri River Main stem dams operated by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Omaha District.
The frame of the two-story structure is made from timber and double-skinned with shingle infill, to protect it from rifle fire. Loopholes were also built into the blockhouse so defenders could return fire. The building was at one corner of a stockade formed by a perimeter earthwork with parapet and trench. A well and magazine were within the stockade.
Lind Point Fort, located northwest of Cruz Bay on Saint John, U.S. Virgin Islands, is a historic site which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981. It was built by the British as a battery site, commanding Cruz Bay, during the Napoleonic Wars. The site includes a semi- circular earthwork ruin. It is protected within a National Park.
Urgent earthwork repairs were made with the co-operation of other power generators. Coal production was limited for some weeks. Carbon Monitoring for Action estimates this power station emits of greenhouse gases each year as a result of burning coal. The Australian Government announced the introduction of a Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme commencing in 2010 to help combat climate change.
By the 13th century his descendants were referring to themselves as 'de Moravia' ('of Moray') and had become one of the more powerful families in northern Scotland.Balfour Paul, J 1906 & 1911 The Scots Peerage. Edinburgh It was Freskin who built the great earthwork and timber motte-and-bailey castle in c. 1140 on boggy ground in the Laich of Moray.
The area was settled in prehistoric times. There was a bowl barrow near Croucheston Down Farm and Grim's Ditch, a prehistoric earthwork, forms the southern boundary of the parish. The Roman road from Old Sarum to Dorchester crosses the parish. The village may have been known as Eblesborne because the land was owned by a man called Ebbel near the burna (river) .
The roadway was paved in wide concrete slabs, poured in a 1-2½-5 mixture. The concrete was topped with a layer of coal tar about 1/16 inch thick. At the edges were 45 degree slopes, which means only of the width was level, with the slopes acting as curbs. Further out from the center was of gravel and of earthwork.
Before the earthwork site was demolished by the Dominion Land Company, archaeologists from the Ohio Historical Society and students from the Ohio State University excavated it from May to September 1953 under the supervision of Raymond S. Baby. In the vicinity of the first mound, the excavators found two hafted scrapers, a grooved axe fragment, a projectile point, and two potsherds.
An earthwork mound believed to have been constructed by the Mississippian culture (1000-1500 AD) stands on the shore of Lake Marion. This structure was likely built by prehistoric indigenous peoples of the area, before the coalescence of the Santee as a tribe. The mound was probably used for the burial of a chief or shaman. Historically the Santee spoke Catawba.
Haughley Castle was a medieval castle situated in the village of Haughley, some north-west of the town of Stowmarket, Suffolk. Prominent historians such as J. Wall consider it "the most perfect earthwork of this type in the county," whilst R. Allen Brown has described it as "one of the most important" castle sites in East Anglia.Wall, p.598; Brown (1989), p.128.
With the aid of a squad of arquebusiers, the Tokugawa claimed victory once again. Several more small forts and villages were attacked before the siege on Osaka Castle itself began on December 4, 1614. Yukimura built a small fortress called Sanada-maru in the southwest corner of Osaka Castle. The Sanada-maru was an earthwork barbican defended by 7,000 men under Yukimura's command.
The Hodgen's Cemetery Mound is a Native American mound in the far eastern part of the U.S. state of Ohio. Located in the village of Tiltonsville along the Ohio River shoreline of Jefferson County, the mound is a prehistoric earthwork and archaeological site, and it has been named a historic site.Owen, Lorrie K., ed. Dictionary of Ohio Historic Places. Vol. 2.
Round Hill is an unincorporated community in Madison County, Kentucky, United States. It lies 10 miles southwest of Richmond on County Road 595. A burial mound attributed by the National Register of Historic Places to the Adena Culture is the central feature of the village. The ovoid earthwork has a base of roughly 150 by 90 feet and a height of 25 feet.
The remains of a raised causeway, which once linked the isolated castle to the mainland, leads away for a short distance to the south- west from the earthwork before petering out. Marks from the holes that were dug to provide the materials for the infilling of the bastions in the early 17th century also survive around the outside of the castle.
The earthworks at Poverty Point occupy one of the largest-area sites in North America, as they cover some 920 acres (320 ha) of land in Louisiana. Military earthworks can result in subsequent archaeological earthworks. Examples include Roman marching forts which can leave small earthworks. During the American Civil War, earthwork fortifications were built throughout the country, by both Confederate and Union sides.
Ross graduated from University of California, Berkeley, with a B.A. in mathematics and M.A. in Sculpture in 1962.Klaus OTTMANN (2013). "Lightness of Being: The Art of Charles Ross" in Substance of Light, Santa Fe: Radius Books, 13. Ross is creating - in New Mexico's "Chupinas Mesa" - an earthwork known as Star Axis, which is a naked eye observatory and architectonic sculpture.
Notable buildings in the town include the parish church and Peel Hill Castle. The parish church consists of material from the 12th to 15th centuries with some later additions and repairs. It is a grade I listed structure, and is dedicated to St Nicholas. Peel Hill Castle is the earthwork remains of a Norman motte built by the de Warenne family.
Turret 27A was demolished soon after construction to allow the construction of Cilurnum (Chesters Roman Fort). Therefore, only its foundations exist, underlying the remains of the fort. They are located immediately to the east of the northwest corner of the fort's principia (headquarters block). Turret 29B (Limestone Bank) remains as a low earthwork, turf covered with little (if any) visible masonry.
Ouachita Parish is part of the Monroe, LA Metropolitan Statistical Area. Located here is Watson Brake, the oldest indigenous earthwork mound complex in North America. It was dated to 5400 BP, or about 3500 BCE, making it older than the monuments of the Egyptian pyramids or England's Stonehenge. It is on privately owned land and not available for public viewing.
This feature has been interpreted as indicating construction by a population living to the north of the earthwork, in order to protect itself from an enemy in the South."The protobulgarians on the northern and the western Black Sea coast", p.187, D.Dimitrov, 1987. The second vallum, the Large Earthen Dyke, 54 km in length, overlaps the smaller one on some sections.
Today the castle is a Grade I listed building. It is still owned by the Duke of Somerset, though it is administered by English Heritage.Berry Pomeroy Castle information at English Heritage. Accessed 2007-11-05 The castle is approached by a modern half-mile long wooded drive that runs alongside the original drive which is visible as an earthwork in the adjacent woods.
Williamson, Tom. The Origins of Hertfordshire, Univ of Hertfordshire Press, 2010 The centre grew under Tasciovanus' son, Cunobelinus. Cunobelinus may have constructed Beech Bottom Dyke, a defensive earthwork near the settlement whose significance is uncertain. It has been suggested that it is part of an unusually large defensive scheme including Devil's Dyke mentioned above, running from the River Ver to the River Lea.
Fort Farnsworth is a former Union Army installation now located in the Huntingdon area of Fairfax County, Virginia. It was a timber and earthwork fortification constructed south of Alexandria, Virginia as part of the defenses of Washington, D.C. during the American Civil War. Nothing survives of the fort's structure as the Huntington Station of the Washington Metro occupies Fort Farnsworth's former hilltop site.
The eastern terminus of the early medieval linear earthwork Nico Ditch is in Ashton Moss (); it was probably used as an administrative boundary and dates from the 8th or 9th century. Legend claims it was built in a single night in 869 or 870 as a defence against Viking invaders.Nevell and Walker (1998), pp. 40–41.Nevell (1992), pp. 77–83.
"Monument No. 112279", PastScape, English Heritage. Retrieved 17 March 2020 At west from St Michael's Church (at SO67094584), are the earthwork remains of a Motte-and- bailey castle. The motte, being high and in diameter, is surrounded on all sides but the south by ring-work outside of which is a "deep" ditch; at the south side is a causeway accessing the motte.
The ditch is on the inside, suggesting the earthwork was symbolic rather than defensive. Inside the enclosure two monuments are visible. North-west of centre is an earthen mound 40 metres (130 ft) in diameter and 6 metres (20 ft) high. South-east of centre is the circular impression of a ring-barrow, about 30 metres (100 ft) in diameter.
A possible hut circle is visible as a cropmark situated at the south end of the hill fort. The east side of the earthwork has been partly destroyed by the construction of a wartime airfield, RAF Membury. The site has not been excavated but a number of prehistoric finds have been found in the vicinity. It is a scheduled ancient monument no.
Indeed the cost of earthwork forms one of the greatest > of cost items in canal, in reservoir and in railway construction, nor is it > an inconsiderable item in the construction of roads, sewers or water works. > What will this excavation cost? This is a question that the engineer first > asks himself in making his preliminary estimates. Later the same question > confronts the contractor.
A mile to the south at Castle Green are the earthwork and buried remains of a medieval motte and bailey castle. Following the Poor Law Amendment Act 1834 Leigh Parish ceased to be responsible for maintaining the poor in its parish. This responsibility was transferred to Martley Poor Law Union.Worcestershire Family History Guidebook, Vanessa Morgan, 2011, p68 The History Press, Stroud, Gloucestershire.
There is some evidence of occupation of the site in the Iron Age including an unfinished earthwork enclosure on the hill above Draycott. The village was listed in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Draicote, meaning 'The dray shelter' from the Old English dragan and cot. Another derivation is from the Brythonic from Tre meaning settlement and Coet meanings woods.
The road is 24 feet wide with six feet wide footpath on both sides. Bridge has 12 spans and 14,000 tonnes of steel, 4.2 cubic feet concrete, and 40,000 tonnes of cement. 100 million cubic feet of earthwork were used to construct the bridge. A 40 feet clearance is kept from the normal high flood level to ensure free navigation under the bridge.
Knowlton South () is the southernmost of the henges and is also the largest. It still partially survives as an earthwork though it has suffered from ploughing and parts are better visible as cropmarks. The henge is now bisected by the Cranborne to Wimborne road, and farm buildings occupy part of the western side. The maximum diameter of the henge is around 250 metres.
Above the hamlet lies the 'Serpent Mound', named after the curved shape of the earthwork. It is said to have been had connections with the cult of sun worship. Smith records that despite the serpentine shape it is a natural stratified structure formed from stratified deposits on the old raised beach eroded by streams that run on either side.Smith, John (1895).
McGuire (2006), 260 Stewart led a detachment of his regiment at the Battle of Germantown on October 4, 1777. As Greene's wing advanced on the British positions, Stewart's unit covered Weedon's left flank where a gap had developed between that brigade and Alexander McDougall's Connecticut Brigade. After driving off two British light infantry companies, his men captured an earthwork near Luken's Mill.
After Congressional passage of the Indian Removal Act of 1830, most Chickasaw were forced out of the state and west to Indian Territory beyond the Mississippi River. Pinson Mounds, one of the largest Woodland period (c. 1-500CE) mound complexes in the United States, is located in Madison County. It has the second-tallest earthwork mound in the United States.
The Wansdyke medieval earthwork crosses the north of parish. The Kennet and Avon Canal (opened in 1810) was built through the parish, passing between Bishops Cannings and Horton. The parish is now the third largest in Wiltshire, but was formerly larger. It lost a large area to the nearby town of Devizes when there was a change of boundaries in 1835.
This lodge was the center of the tribal town for religious and civic gatherings and also a shelter for the needy. The earthwork mound reflects the Mississippian culture heritage of modern Muscogee people and the complex mounds that culture left. The bald eagle at the right is a sacred animal, featured in many tribal stories.Healy, Donald T., and Peter J. Orenski.
68 The plan for the attack at Rafa the next morning, 9 January, was a repetition of Chauvel's successful encirclement attack at Magdhaba. The regiments and motor cars would surround the Ottoman garrison position, gallop up under fire, then dismount to attack the defenders in their treble system of trenches and field- works around the earthwork redoubts on the knoll.
Safko founded Civil Consultants, a computer-aided design company. The company developed engineering software for coordinate geometry, subdivision design, earthwork, highway and traffic design, and hydrology and watershed analysis.“Lon Safko Profile for Autocon 2014”. Safko was appointed as a member of the Basalt Waste Isolation Project engineering team for his work with the United States Department of Energy under Westinghouse Electric Company.
At the time of European encounter, the Natchez people controlled much of the area. They were descendants of the earlier Mississippian culture that had built earthwork mounds. European Americans, settling the area after the American Revolutionary War, named the town for George Washington. Some of the original settlers of the area were Colonel Andrew Ellicott, Joseph Calvit and John Foster.
Mountain bike trails penetrate deep inside the park. The park protects two State Natural Areas including Brady's Bluff Prairie and Trempealeau Mountain, a cone-shaped mountain surrounded by water. The Native Americans of the area traditionally considered the mountain sacred and used it as a landmark for meetings. Some earthwork mounds made by ancient Native American cultures are located in the park.
Each year's lineup is varied, but tends to be predominantly acoustic folk. Since 2012 the festival includes in its programme, Earthwork, a series of talks and workshops. There is a smaller tent called 'The Third Thing' hosting multi-media events, poetry, theatre, spoken word and other workshops. The festival usually ends with a procession, often involving the use of fire.
Dunduff Castle stands above Fisherton; originally a 15th-century structure, it was altered and extended in the 1980s for use as a private house. The remains of a prehistoric earthwork, the Dane's Hill, are in a nearby field. The ruins of the pre-reformation Kirkbride church and cemetery are nearby, abandoned since the parish was combined with that of Maybole.Love, Dane (2003).
The large park encompasses , and has of walking trails. Near the visitor center is a reconstructed ceremonial earthlodge, based on a 1,000-year-old structure excavated by archeologists. Visitors can reach the Great Temple Mound via a half-mile walk or the park road. Other surviving prehistoric features in the park include a burial mound, platform mounds, and earthwork trenches.
Archaeologists are yet to gather clear answers about the meaning and use of the South Flats earthwork site, although there are various hypotheses of the purpose it served. Notorious to Michigan enclosures, activities took place within the confines of the earthwork; physical evidence at South Flats showed very light usage of the facility, neither proving nor disproving said practices at this site. Analysis of floral remains no use or consumption of nuts, seeds, fruits, and domesticates, this being peculiar as amongst Michigan prehistoric populations they were widely used and relied on; indicates plant use as not a focus, supported by no traces of maize or tobacco. Three hypotheses are introduced: # Lack of fish and plant use are associated with a possible winter season occupation, yet can be argued against due to the difficulty of moving dirt in an exposed landscape during winter time.
The services will consist of drainage, earthwork, paving, urbanization, road signage and landscaping, among others. Are included in the cost of the project, the actions necessary to extend the route, which will be four lanes of traffic to the Castelão Stadium.BRT Fortaleza – Castelão Stadium With the completion of the work of the link road between the 3rd ring blood passing through the main access channel City Regional (BR-116), the Stadium of Castelão through system of BRT. The services will consist of drainage, earthwork, paving, urbanization, road signage and landscaping, among others. Costs of extending track are included in the project.BRT Fortaleza – BR-116 highway Dedé Brasil Avenue, represents the main link road between the road and metro terminal for passengers in Parangaba and Castelão Stadium. The project will increase the boulevard's hourly capacity from 2,700 to 4,000 units.
Campaigns and raids from Powys then led, possibly around about AD 820, to the building of Wat's Dyke, a boundary earthwork extending from the Severn valley near Oswestry to the Dee estuary.John Davies, A History of Wales, Penguin, 1993, Trevor Rowley, The Welsh Border – archaeology, history and landscape, Tempus Publishing, 1986, As the power of Mercia grew, a string of garrisoned market towns such as Shrewsbury and Hereford defined the borderlands as much as Offa's Dyke, a stronger and longer boundary earthwork erected by order of Offa of Mercia between AD 757 and 796. The Dyke still exists, and can best be seen at Knighton, close to the modern border between England and Wales.David Hill and Margaret Worthington, Offa's Dyke – history and guide, Tempus Publishing, 2003, In the centuries which followed, Offa's Dyke largely remained the frontier between the Welsh and English.
James Oglethorpe, the governor of the English colony of Georgia, from occupying or razing St. Augustine during his siege of 1740. The Mose Line, St. Augustine's outermost defense earthwork, running three quarters of a mile southwest from Fort Mose, was not constructed until 1762, one year before the Spanish evacuated St. Augustine after its transfer to the British by the terms of the Treaty of Paris in 1763. All the defensive lines measured half a mile or more in length, each of them associated with a fort: the Cubo and Rosario Lines with the Castillo de San Marcos; the Hornabeque Line with Fort Nombre de Dios; and the Mose Line with Fort Mose. In its first reconstruction (1718–1719), the Cubo Line became an earthwork with three artillery redoubts, the Santo Domingo, the Medio Cubio, and the Cubo.
Manning Parade, terreplein, gun emplacements and the rear of the rampart The main defensive structure is a revetted lunette shaped earthwork. It has a thick rampart with of concrete and of brick forming a retaining wall for the earth fill.Parsons (1986), p.240. The rampart is covered by natural vegetation and, in both the 19th and 21st century operation, is closed to access to preserve this.
The descendants of the Rayados were absorbed into the Wichita tribe. A 2020 aerial investigation by Blakeslee discovered a probable Etzanoa ceremonial site near the previously-identified sites along the Walnut River, with its most prominent feature a circular or semi-circular ditch of two meters width and 50 meters in diameter.Survey Reveals Large Earthwork at Ancestral Wichita Site in Kansas. Heritage Daily, 4 September 2020.
In 2008, her projects included an installation, called Wave Field, at the Storm King Art Center in New York state. It is the center's first earthwork, spanning 4 acres of land, and is a larger version of her original Wave Field (1995) that focuses on the "fusion of opposites,"Deitsch, Dina. "Maya Lin's Perpetual Landscapes and Storm King Wavefield." Woman's Art Journal 30, no.
Map of Norte Chico sites showing their locations in Peru This ancient period is studied most extensively in relation to the archaeology of Peru. In particular, the Norte Chico civilization is very important. The most impressive achievement of this civilization was its monumental architecture, including large earthwork platform mounds and sunken circular plazas. Also, these preceramic peoples were building massive irrigation and water management projects.
The historic Creek peoples in this area are believed to have descended from the Mississippian culture, which flourished throughout the Mississippi and Ohio river valleys and the Southeast from about 1000 to 1450. They were mound builders, who created massive earthwork mounds as structures for political and religious purposes. They relied greatly on fishing and riverway trading at their major sites (c.f. Moundville, Tuscaloosa).
The site was surveyed (topographic and geophysical), along with a number of other earthwork sites, between December 1999 and February 2001. Excavations were carried out in 2002 and 2003. The surveys and excavations suggested that there was a large rectangular masonry structure on the mound which suffered fire damage and partly collapsed. The stones may have been used when Pen-y-Clawdd Court was built.
On the north east of the village there are the remains of medieval ringworks. Heritage of Norfolk These remains are situated on the spur of a hill and overlook the village strategically commanding two crossing points on the river Glaven. The earthworks have a diameter of which forms an incomplete ring. The penannular earthwork consist of an inner bank, a ditch and a slight counterscarp bank.
The earthwork remains of Pleshey Castle where Humphrey de Bohun died. In 1275 Bohun married Maud de Fiennes, daughter of Enguerrand de Fiennes, chevalier, seigneur of Fiennes, by his 2nd wife, Isabel (kinswoman of Queen Eleanor of Provence). She predeceased him, and was buried at Walden Priory in Essex. Hereford himself died at Pleshey Castle on 31 December 1298, and was buried at Walden alongside his wife.
Entrance gates to Highgate Wood Prehistoric flints have been found in the wood. Excavations on the ridge at the northern end of the wood established that Romano-Britons were producing pottery from local materials between AD 50-100. An ancient earthwork runs across the wood. This may have formed part of an enclosure for deer during the Medieval period when the Bishop of London owned the wood.
The island site was first used in 1775 during the Revolution when the New Hampshire militia, commanded by General John Sullivan, constructed an earthwork defense called Fort Sullivan atop the bluff. In conjunction with Fort Washington across the Piscataqua River on Pierce Island, it guarded the channel to Portsmouth. The militia withdrew about three years later. The fort was reactivated for the War of 1812 in 1814.
Skulls and human bones found at Samrong Sen in Kampong Chhnang Province date from 1500 BCE. Heng Sophady (2007) has drawn comparisons between Samrong Sen and the circular earthwork sites of eastern Cambodia. These people may have migrated from South-eastern China to the Indochinese Peninsula. Scholars trace the first cultivation of rice and the first bronze making in Southeast Asia to these people.
The Pennymuir Roman camps are situated southeast of Jedburgh in the Scottish Borders area of Scotland, near the Anglo-Scottish border, in the former Roxburghshire. The site, alongside the course of the Roman road known as Dere Street, consists of the remains of four Roman temporary camps, a linear earthwork and an area of rig. The site is also sometimes referred to as the Towford camps.
Retrieved 13 December 2009 In 2011, the population was recorded as 1,818. Woodditton lies at the eastern end of the Devil's Dyke, a defensive earthwork thought to be of Anglo-Saxon origin. Signpost in Saxon Street The Lord of the Manor of Woodditton in the later 16th century was Sir Robert Cotton, Knt., a younger son of the Lord of the Manor of Landwade, Cambridgshire.
There is evidence of settlement in the area as long ago as the Iron Age. This can be seen in Kimsbury hill fort, a defensive earthwork on nearby Painswick Beacon, which has wide views across the Severn Vale. The local monastery, Prinknash Abbey, was established in the 11th century. Painswick itself first appears in historical records in the Domesday Book of 1086, as Wiche, 'dairy-farm'.
The hierarchical society planned and constructed massive earthwork mounds as expression of its religious and political system. The archeological park has exhibits to interpret the artifacts and evidence of nearly 10,000 years of human habitation found at this site. It is located approximately six miles west of Monticello, a half mile south of U.S. 90, in northwestern Florida. The address is 4500 Sunray Road South.
Marden Henge, a large Neolithic earthwork, is just over the southwest border of the parish. The Domesday Book of 1086 records Beechingstoke as held by Shaftesbury Abbey. In 1541 the king transferred the land to the Dean of Winchester, who held it until 1845. In 1862 the Reading to Taunton railway was built close to Beechingstoke village and became the northern boundary of the parish.
Indigenous peoples lived throughout the highlands along rivers in this area for thousands of years. Archeologists have identified artifacts of the Adena culture, dating from 1000 BC to 200 BC. They were among the several early Native American cultures who built major earthwork mounds for ceremonial and burial use. Remnants of their culture have been found throughout West Virginia. They were followed by other indigenous peoples.
During the reign of Elizabeth I, Francis, the great-grandson of Nicholas, purchased the remainder from the heirs of Edensors. From then the village and estate has been wholly in the ownership of the FitzHerbert family. During the Civil War a redoubt or siegework was constructed on the hill north of the church. The buried and earthwork remains are protected as a Scheduled Monument.
The Catrail is a linear earthwork in Roxburghshire, southern Scotland. It runs from Robert's Linn (), a burn (stream) flowing into the Slitrig Water, westward and north-westward to the head of the Dean Burn (), a tributary of the Borthwick Water. It is about long (as the crow flies), and consists of a ditch and bank. The Deil's Dyke was once considered to extend to the Catrail.
Kituwa is the site of an ancient earthwork mound, built by about 1000 CE. The Cherokee hold the site sacred. At the time of European encounter, the Cherokee regularly burned the vegetation on the mound for agricultural use. It may also have been part of ritual to preserve the mound, to keep it visible and free of trees. Burning underbrush was part of sustainable farming practices.
Retaining wall near Todmorden, West Yorkshire, England Earthworks are engineering works created through moving or processing quantities of soil or unformed rock. The material may be moved to another location and formed into a desired shape for a purpose. Levees, embankments and dams are types of earthwork. A levee, floodbank or stopbank is an elongated natural ridge or artificially constructed dirt fill wall that regulates water levels.
Little Whernside, northeast of Great Whernside, forms the watershed between Coverdale and Nidderdale. Hag Dyke, halfway between Kettlewell and the summit, is a hostel run by 1st Ben Rhydding Scout Group in Ilkley. The fell is the site of several aircraft crashes.Peak District Aircrashes website Tor Dike (situated on the north western flank) is an earthwork with ditch and rampart constructed in the limestone.
Thury's grain elevator The local economy is predominantly agricultural. Thury also has several shops and services (grocery, bakery, hairdresser, pharmacy, post office) and several companies established on its territory (electricity, roofing, sanitation, masonry, earthwork & public Works, maintenance of green spaces, industrial computing, pet grooming) as well as guest houses in the village and its hamlets of Grangette and Moulery. Thury retains a primary school.
The Prince opened an exhibition of 18th-century botanical water-colours in the new temporary gallery. These water-colours were painted by Matilda Conyers, the daughter of John Conyers, who built Copped Hall. The West Essex Archaeology Group (WEAG) hold annual excavations at a site in the Copped Hall grounds. These largely focus on the earthwork remains of the Tudor house, which predates the standing Georgian house.
The site includes two permanent villages with three earthwork mounds. The largest village, designated 31Hw7, was located on a terrace overlooking Garden Creek, a tributary of the Pigeon River. A smaller village with a conical mound is located nearby. Mound No. 1 is designed Hw 8 or 31Hw1, while Mound No. 2, located to the west of Mound No. 1, is Hw 7 or 31Hw2.
The cause of the disaster was a thoughtless attack of the Hussite troops, or earthwork built wagons from the battle. It's unknown where John was buried. On the alleged place of the Duke's death was built a Chapel during 1904–1905 designed by Ludwig Schneider. After his death, and according to the treaty of 1343, the Duchy of Münsterberg was annexed by the Kingdom of Bohemia.
The name of the castle is derived from Slavic zem (soil or earth). Zemnen in the meaning zemný hrad (literally "the earth castle", earthwork) was still recorded in the early 14th century. The original Slavic form has been preserved in the local Slovak and Ruthenian dialects as Zemno, Zemné resp. Žemno, Žemňe along with the official name until the 19th, rarely until the 20th century.
"Ft. Marschal (sic)" overlooking the harbor in an 1862 map, with Forts Federal Hill & McHenry across the water. Fort Marshall was considered one of Baltimore's more important defenses during the war. Its strong earthwork fortifications were positioned near to the center of the city. There it protected the eastern flank of the city, along with nearby Fort Worthington, from the threat of Confederate raid or invasion.
The Fort at Salisbury Point was a fort in use from 1863 to 1865 in Salisbury, Massachusetts, during the American Civil War. It was also called the Fort at Salisbury Beach.Manuel 2020, pp. 73–74 It was a nine-gun earthwork located at the mouth of the Merrimack River at what is now the Salisbury Beach State Reservation, where eventual erosion washed it away.
The people of the Caloosahatchee culture built mounds. Some of the mounds in Caloosahatchee settlements were undisturbed shell middens, but other were constructed from midden and earth materials. The hundreds of sites identified range from simple small middens to complex sites with earthwork platform mounds, plazas, "water courts", causeways, and canals. Mound Key, in the middle of Estero Bay, covers , and includes mounds up to tall.
It is badly eroded in places and is on the Heritage at Risk Register. Part of the earthwork is on land owned by the Forestry Commission. Dead Woman's Ditch is sometimes associated with the Murder of Jane Walford by her husband John in 1789 but the name predates the murder, appearing on an earlier map. In 1988 the body of Shirley Banks was found at the site.
Hopewell and Mississippian cultures, who lived throughout the east of the Mississippi River valley and its tributaries. About 1,700 years ago, the Hopewell people built Nanih Waiya, a great earthwork mound located in what is central present- day Mississippi. It is still considered sacred by the Choctaw. The early Spanish explorers of the mid-16th century in the Southeast encountered Mississippian-culture villages and chiefs.
In archaeology, a linear earthwork is a long bank of earth, sometimes with a ditch alongside. There may also be a palisade along the top of the bank. Linear earthworks may have a ditch alongside which provides the source of earth for the bank and an extra obstacle. There may be a single ditch, a ditch on both sides or no ditch at all.
The fort had an irregular star shaped form, and was of earthwork construction. In section, the defences comprised a glacis, banquette and covered way, a dry ditch, berm, rampart, parapet and terre-plein. Within the body of the fort, a number of brick buildings were constructed, comprising a guardhouse, storeroom and powder magazine; of the two proposed barrack blocks, only one is believed to have been completed.
He found the bombardment had had very little effect on the earthwork defences with only 20 of the 300 guns having been dismounted. Returning from the Mediterranean, Clarke was appointed to a group of officers tasked with the planning of British coast defences overseas. Sydenham-Clarke's opinions on the strength of field fortifications were largely vindicated by the trench warfare of the First World War (1914–1918).
European settlers purchased Hog Island from the Lenape (Delaware) tribe in 1680. The settlers gradually developed the island by building log and earthwork dikes to minimize storm damage and convert the marshes into good grazing meadows. Hog Island supposedly got its name from the pigs which local residents left to roam free, as no fencing was needed. Air view of Emergency Fleet Corporation's Hog Island yard 1920.
T. W. West, Discovering Scottish Architecture (Botley: Osprey, 1985), , p. 27. In the period of French intervention in the 1540s and 1550s, Scotland was given a defended border of a series of earthwork forts and additions to existing castles.M. McLeod, "Warfare, weapons and fortifications: 2 1450–1600" in M. Lynch, ed., The Oxford Companion to Scottish History (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001), , pp. 637–8.
Mongewell (first syllable rhymes with sponge) is a village in the civil parish of Crowmarsh, about south of Wallingford in Oxfordshire. Mongewell is on the east bank of the Thames, linked with the west bank at Winterbrook by Winterbrook Bridge. The earthwork Grim's Ditch, now part of The Ridgeway long- distance footpath, passes through the northern part of it and is a scheduled ancient monument.
The county courthouse was built in the center of the innermost circle. By the late 1830s, for numerous reasons residents decided to gain authorization from the state legislature to change the layout to a standard grid, which was accomplished by the mid-1850s. All traces of the Hopewell earthwork were destroyed in Circleville, although hundreds of other monuments may be found in the Ohio Valley.
Frogmore Mound Site on U.S. Highway 84 near Ferriday Concordia Parish was the home to many succeeding Native American groups in the thousands of years before European settlements began. Peoples of the Marksville culture, Troyville culture, Coles Creek culture and Plaquemine culture built villages and earthwork mound sites throughout the area. Notable examples include Cypress Grove Mound, DePrato Mounds, Frogmore Mound Site, and Lamarque Landing Mound.
Ballynahatty () is a townland in County Down, Northern Ireland. It lies on the southern edge of Belfast. It contains the Giants Ring, a henge monument, consisting of a circular enclosure, 200m in diameter, surrounded with a 4m high earthwork bank with five entrances, and a small neolithic passage grave slightly off-centre. The Giant's Ring is a State Care Historic Monument at grid ref: J3272 6770.
In 1978 Thames Water dredged a prehistoric flint axe-head from the River Ock in the parish. About north of the village, between Charney and Pusey is Cherbury Camp, an Iron Age earthwork. It looks like the nearby hill forts on the Berkshire Downs but is unusual in being built on more or less level ground, away from any hill. Cherbury means "fort beside the River Cearn".
The remains of a hillfort at Combs Farm is encircled by a bank and ditch. From excavated material, this fort appears to have been Romano- British in origin. Two ditches in a wood at Camp Hill, 1½ miles north-east of Farnsfield, are the remaining traces of an Iron Age earthwork, a hillfort. In the 18th century, researchers estimated it to have been in area.Pevsner, Nikolaus. 1979.
The battery was designed with a five-sided earthwork rampart containing a number of gun emplacements, with a ditch spanning the front. The west side of the battery is protected by a gorge wall with loopholes. In 1875, eight RML 64-pounder 64 cwt guns were assigned to the battery, but stored at Staddon Fort. By 1885, the battery was armed with six RML 8-inch howitzers.
A rail replacement bus service was in operation during the closure. On 31 July 2019, the line was closed between Hazel Grove and Buxton amid fears that the earthwork dam at Toddbrook Reservoir would collapse following heavy rain, which would flood the village of Whaley Bridge. The Hope Valley line between and has was also closed because of this. The line was re-opened on 8 August.
Earthwork and work on concrete foundations and a granite base continued through 1902; the walls were laid in a massive ceremony 8 May 1903, with the Emperor in attendance.Savelyev, 2005, p. 176. Despite social unrest that culminated in the Russian revolution of 1905, the cathedral was structurally complete in 1907; heating and ventilation were operational in 1908, enabling year-round work on the finishes.
Wallis, et al.: 171-73Milanich 1978b: 162-64 The Ramsey Pasture Mound (8FL78) has a central mound surrounded by horseshoe-shaped earthwork, which presumably places it early in the development of the Cades Pond culture, but it has not been excavated and cannot be placed in sequence with other sites.Wallis, et al.: 172. Weeden Island ceremonial pottery appeared in Cades Pond mounds around 300.
The sluice gate (formerly a lock built in the late 1830s) at the deserted medieval village of Oath marks the river's tidal limit. The river then crosses Southlake Moor. The next major landmark along the river's course is Burrow Mump, an ancient earthwork owned by the National Trust. The river then arrives in Burrowbridge, where the old pumping station building was once a museum.
In the 1540s and 1550s, Scotland was given a defended border of earthwork forts and additions to existing castles. There were attempts to create royal naval forces in the fifteenth century. James IV founded a harbour at Newhaven and a dockyard at the Pools of Airth. He acquired a total of 38 ships including the Great Michael, at that time the largest in Europe.
Also three outworks, ravelins, were built in front the main fortress wall. The less- vulnerable eastern and northern sides that were mostly protected by lake shore were defended only with tenailles. An earthwork wall and a moat surrounded the fortress and the outworks. The fortress had a rear gate in the northern tip where it was possible to reach the ships and to get water.
Remnants of the earthworks as seen from the west December 2008 excavations by the Polish Academy of Sciences The Chrobry fortified village (Polish: Gród Chrobry, German: Wallburg Chrobry), named for the Polish first crowned king Boleslaw Chrobry, and located in the town of Szprotawa (), is an archaeological earthwork and a historical monument in the province of Lower Silesia, one of the largest of its kind in Poland.
At the vulnerable north side leading to the fort, Alexander and his catapults were stopped by a deep ravine. To bring the siege engines within reach, an earthwork mound was constructed to bridge the ravine. A low hill connected to the nearest tip of Pir-Sar was soon within reach and taken. Alexander's troops were at first repelled by boulders rolled down from above.
Staden is a small hamlet (of just a few buildings) on the southern outskirts of Buxton, Derbyshire, lying between Harpur Hill and Cowdale. It was occupied in Neolithic, Roman and medieval times. Staden is close to the limestone hilltop of Staden Low whose summit is above sea level. Staden Low prehistoric earthwork is in a field on the western side of Staden Low hill.
The earthwork is long, it is aligned approximately north/south with the towpath on the western side. At the northern end was the Bank Hall estate, owned by John Hargreaves. The estate is now the site of Thompson Park, where the Sandy Holme Aqueduct carries the canal over the River Brun. Here, Godley Lane had to be diverted to meet the bridge that was constructed.
There was excavation by Augustus Pitt Rivers from November 1895 to March 1896. He excavated all of the bank and ditch, and about half of the interior; the present earthwork is his reconstruction. It was concluded that the site is middle Bronze Age, with later Romano-British occupation. Finds from the excavation included worked flint, animal bone and pottery of the Bronze Age and Romano-British period.
Earthworks ditch and rampart in Germany - age prehistorical prior to 300 BC In military engineering, earthworks are, more specifically, types of fortifications constructed from soil. Although soil is not very strong, it is cheap enough that huge quantities can be used, generating formidable structures. Examples of older earthwork fortifications include moats, sod walls, motte-and-bailey castles, and hill forts. Modern examples include trenches and berms.
Halbert Powers Gillette, Chapter X: Methods and Cost with Cars, Earthwork and Its Cost, McGraw Hill, New York, 1920; pages 384-386. Over 1,400 spreaders were built. Jordan spreaders are available by special order from Harsco Rail. Pneumatics used to open and close wings In 2001, the Jordan Spreader was inducted into the North America Railway Hall of Fame in the "Local:Technical Innovation" category.
The Clawdd-du, also known in historical records as the Black Dyke, Black Ditch or Clawthy, Charles Heath, Historical and descriptive accounts of the ancient and present state of the town of Monmouth:..., 1804 is a mediaeval linear defensive earthwork or moat, constructed as protection for the faubourg of Overmonnow, on the opposite side of the River Monnow from the town and castle of Monmouth, Wales.
Countess Close (National Monument No. 32622; North Lincolnshire Sites and Monuments Record (NLSMR) No. 44) is a rectangular earthwork lying a few yards to the south of Julian's Bower. It measures approx. 80 m × 90 m internally. It was recorded by the 18th century antiquary, William Stukeley on a visit to the area whilst researching his book Itinerarium Curiosum (or Observations From A Journey).
After expanding the dig, the archaeologists were able to validate that the Jamestown Fort had only begun to wash into the James River, but was instead covered inadvertently by a Confederate earthwork during the American Civil War. Throughout this excavation, the team discovered evidence of fort buildings, artifacts, and the remains of settlers.(with B. Straube) Jamestown Rediscovery: 1994-2004. Richmond: APVA Preservation Virginia, 2004.
Bjerke & Tovås (1989): 30 In 1908, a large number of new navvies came from work at the Rjukan Line, which was at the time experiencing a strike.Bjerke & Tovås (1989): 27 Work on the Bøylefossen Bridge started in early 1908 and was completed in late 1909. Several embankments were built; the largest two were at Kilandskilen, made with of earthwork, and at Foløysund, which was made with .
Brimfield is a village and in north Herefordshire, England.Geodaisy: Brimfield The village lies on the A49 road at the border with Shropshire. To the south, near the hamlet of Ashton, excavations at the site of Ashton Castle have revealed traces of a large stone enclosure castle. Less than a mile to the north of this site are the earthwork remains of a medieval motte.
Old Fort, also known as Missouri Archaeological Survey Number 23SA104, is a historic archaeological site located at Van Meter State Park near Miami, Saline County, Missouri. It was first identified in 1879. It is an earthwork embankment dating to the period just before and/or during contact with the first Euro-American explorers. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.
Standing at the eastern end of the Washington Street Historic District, it is one of Maryland's examples of early Gothic Revival architecture. The church is on the former site of Fort Cumberland, and earthwork tunnels remaining from the fort run under the church. The church was constructed around 1850 and designed by Philadelphia architect John Notman. It is modeled after St. Paul's Church in Brighton, England.
Lisnagade is an impressive circular earthwork, consisting of three massive ditch-separated banks, approximately 6m high, which completely surround the fort. The diameter of the inner circle is a good 60m and the total diameter of the rath is about 110m. There is a smaller rath annexed to the north by two straight ditches. This rath is very low and is about 30m diameter.
Sanada Maru was an earthwork barbican with a simple two-storey wooden wall on top with firing platforms augmented with other simple means of defense like palisades. A dry moat offered additional defence. Cannons were placed along the walls, together with firebomb-projecting mangonels. Defended by the Sanada samurai clan it may be classified as a yagura, although only in the spirit rather than technical accuracy.
Rhuddlan is next to the River Clwyd. During the fortification's lengthy construction, the river course was straightened and dredged to allow ships to sail inland along a man-made channel. Its purpose was to allow provisions and troops to reach the castle even if hostile forces or a siege prevented overland travel. A further protective earthwork and timber structure was created around it in 1280-82.
From the circle, a range of different Bronze Age round barrows, or tumuli, are visible at different points in the surrounding landscape. Among the nearest are Alderman's Barrow, Black Barrow, the two Bendels Barrows, the Rowbarrows, and the Kit Barrows. On the east-northeast side of the circle is the Berry Castle earthwork camp, which dates from the Late Iron Age or Romano-British period.
A few > lessees used their plantations for shipping out stolen cotton or for illegal > trade. Provost marshals and labor agents often were bribed to shut their > eyes to malpractices carried on by the lessees.Winters (1963), p. 311 On July 29, 1863, at Goodrich's Landing south of Lake Providence, Confederate partisan Rangers surprised two companies of black troops in a small fort located on an Indian earthwork mound.
The second siege of Newark had highlighted the weaknesses of the garrison's defences and two new earthwork forts were constructed. The Queen's Sconce was one of these with the other being the King's Sconce. The Queen's Sconce was built upon a knoll positioned to cover approaches to the town from the south. It was named after the wife of Charles I, Henrietta Maria of France.
Milecastle 42 (Cawfields) The Vallum is a huge earthwork associated with Hadrian's Wall in England. Unique on any Roman frontier, it runs practically from coast to coast to the south of the wall. The earliest surviving mention of the earthwork is by Bede (Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum, I.12), who refers to a vallum, or earthen rampart, as distinct from the wall, or murus; the term is still used despite the fact that the essential element is a ditch, or fossa. It was long thought that the Vallum predated the stone wall, whose most elaborate phasing was presented in 1801 by William Hutton, who thought, wrongly, that the south vallum mound and the marginal mound, with a ditch between, were the work of Agricola, that the vallum ditch and north mound were added by Hadrian, and that the stone wall was the work of Severus.
The Bull Ring is a Class II henge that was built in the late Neolithic period near Dove Holes in Derbyshire, England. It has coordinates (), and is National Monument number 23282. There are also two barrows about 20m away from the henge; one oval, one bowl. The henge consists of a large, circular earthwork, which is currently about high and wide; however it was originally high and wide.
During this time, soldiers from the fort began escorting wagon trains, and the fort became a center for refugees fleeing from attacks. Earthwork fortifications were constructed at the fort, and the Army ordered the deployment of the First Nebraska Cavalry and the Seventh Iowa Cavalry to the fort. By 1865, the conflict between Native Americans and white settlers had shifted westward away from the area of the fort.
Though fairly basic in construction and appearance, these wooden and earthwork structures were designed to impress just as much as to function effectively against attack. Chinese and Korean architecture influenced the design of Japanese buildings, including fortifications, in this period. The remains or ruins of some of these fortresses, decidedly different from what would come later, can still be seen in certain parts of Kyūshū and Tōhoku today.
Balvaird was built around the year 1500 for Sir Andrew Murray, a younger son of the family of Murray of Tullibardine. He acquired the lands of Balvaird through marriage to the heiress Margaret Barclay, a member of a wealthy family. It is likely that Balvaird Castle was built on the site of an earlier Barclay family castle. Substantial remnants of earthwork fortifications around the Castle may survive from earlier defences.
Tulip beaker from Michelsberg, shown at the Landesmuseum Württemberg The first discoveries of prehistoric material took place in 1884, systematic excavation began in 1889. Further works took place in the 1950s and 1960s. The summit plateau, measuring ca 400 x 250m, contained a Neolithic settlement, enclosed by a curvilinear earthwork. Such earthworks have since been recognised as one of the most widespread and typical types of MK monument.
The same may apply to human bones found in the fills of enclosure ditches around MK settlements. It has also been suggested (hypothetically) that partially articulated remains found in such ditches may indicate that graves were placed on the surfaces adjacent to them and later washed into the ditches due to erosion. Occasionally, earthwork ditches contain more structured deposits of human bone, e.g. adult skeletons surrounded by those of children.
The walls are formed of large sandstone boulders, enclosing an area with a diameter of around 7 metres. A short stretch of wall lies beside the dun to the east, while on the landward approach is a substantial earthwork that may have formed an outer defence. Antiquarian excavations in the 19th century uncovered human and animal bones, shells, the top stone of a quern, and pieces of haematite iron.
The new walls, completed by the early 13th century, were constructed of stone and had three main gates. They were maintained in good condition into the 17th century. During the English Civil War in the 1640s the old medieval walls were reinforced with modern earthwork bastions and an outlying fort, called a sconce. Worcester changed hands several times during the conflict, and after the war ended the newer fortifications were dismantled.
Other lords of the manor included the Lawson family, who held it into the late 19th century. Pallet Hill, just to the north of the village church, is the site of the earthwork remains of a motte and bailey castle. It is thought to have been built by King Stephen in the mid 12th century to control the Great North Road. It has been designated a Scheduled Ancient Monument.
The distance of the Vallum from the Wall varies. In general there was a preference for the earthwork to run close to the rear of the Wall where topography allowed. In the central sector the Wall runs along the top of the crags of the Whin Sill, while the Vallum, laid out in long straight stretches, lies in the valley below to the south, as much as away.
This organization held control of the land up and till the 1970s when the Michigan Department of Natural Resources acquired the territory, which proceeded to make the region accessible for recreational use. Off-road vehicle use and foot paths for hunters in the historical territory deteriorated the earthwork and efforts to prevent further destruction of the structure took place in the form of barriers to prevent vehicle access.
Upon finalizing shovel tests and further excavations of Quimby's 6 units, the crew identified a higher percentage of prehistoric activity inside of the earthwork (87% positive yield of cultural material) than outside of it (37% positive yield). Among the items recovered were lithic and ceramic remains composed of potsherds, stone tools, various fauna, and charcoal residue, with two separate features unearthed in the interior which contained some of these remains.
Middle Moor cross The moorland area of the parish is notable for prehistoric remains, including the earthwork known as King Arthur's Hall. For many centuries St Breward's main industry was the mining of granite which has been used in Cornwall and exported to many other places. The most important quarry is De Lank which produces granite of very high quality. More recently china clay has also been quarried there.
There is another important china clay works at Stannon. The most important prehistoric remains are the earthwork already mentioned, the Fernacre stone circle and two other stone circles (one 2.5 miles north-east and the other near Leaze Farm). The first of these has 76 stones in the circle and a single outlying stone; the latter has 16 stones but probably had 22 originally.Pevsner, N. (1970) Cornwall, 2nd ed.
Despite being warned by British Intelligence, Holmes and Watson continue their investigation and search for where the zombie was discovered. The two dig into the earthwork and find themselves in an underground city dating back to ancient London. They then find a corpse pile and look into its contents to find that some of the corpses are barely a year old. Soon they are surrounded by a horde of zombies.
Governor James H. Duff and commission chairman Thomas J. Evans attended the ceremony. The extension would look similar to the original section of the turnpike, but would use air-entrained concrete poured onto stone. Transverse joints on the pavement were spaced at intervals rather than the ones on the original portion. Because it traversed through less mountainous terrain, the extension did not require as much earthwork as the original section.
Ken Emond, The Minority of James V (Edinburgh, 2019), p. 175. In September 1523 the Earl of Surrey, William Frankelyn, Chancellor of Durham, and Sir William Bulmer, Sheriff of Durham viewed the defences at Wark and Norham Castle. Surrey gave orders for new bulworks and earthwork defences at Wark. He thought the inner ward could withstand a 10 day siege, but the outer ward could only be held for 2 days.
Oldbury-on-the- Hill has been inhabited since prehistoric times, and Nan Tow's Tump, a round barrow beside the A46 road, is a Bronze Age earthwork and archaeological site.ST8089: Nan Tow's Tump, near to Oldbury on the Hill, Gloucestershire, Great Britain at www.geograph.org.uk (accessed 13 April 2008)History of the Cotswolds at thecotswoldgateway.co.uk (accessed 13 April 2008) The tree-grown barrow is about thirty metres in diameter and three metres high.
The Herefordshire Beacon is one of the highest peaks of the Malvern Hills, and is high enough to be classified as a mountain. It is surrounded by a British Iron Age hill fort earthwork known as British Camp. The fort subsequently had a ringwork and bailey castle built inside its boundary and there is evidence of 120 huts in the area. British Camp has been a scheduled monument since 1923.
The earthwork relates geo-political boundaries, time zones, growth of the tree and entropic decay in a seminal site-specific work. Body – performance works: Oppenheim's body art grew out of his awareness of his own body when executing earthworks. In these works, the artist's body was both the subject and the object, providing the opportunity to work on a surface not exterior to the self, giving total control over the artwork.
The section's buildings were to a similar design to those on the Hull–Bridlington section, with Filey station the only 'large' station design on the route. (See § Bridlington branch.) The Seamer to Filey section opened on 5 October 1846, with a celebration and dinner taking place in Filey. The final link from Bridlington to Filey opened on 20 October 1847, the section west of Hunmanby had required extensive earthwork.
Facing towards the north-east, the Cherhill White Horse lies on a steep slope of Cherhill Down, a little below the earthwork known as Oldbury Castle. It can be seen from the A4 road and the nearby village of Cherhill.The Cherhill or Oldbury white horse at wiltshirewhitehorses.org.uk, accessed 18 July 2008 A good viewpoint is a lay- by alongside the westbound carriageway of the A4 where it passes below the horse.
XLVIII, Part II, p. 886. Today, all that remains of Fort Sully is the crater- like imprint of the earthwork construction. The ruins of the fort can be reached on foot or via horseback by accessing the powerline clearing located behind Stanley Avenue and Fort Leavenworth National Cemetery on Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. On the wooded side of the clearing, a sign indicating the direction of the Heritage Trail can be found.
Fort Taber District or the Fort at Clark's Point is a historic American Civil War-era military fort on Wharf Road within the former Fort Rodman Military Reservation in New Bedford, Massachusetts. The fort is now part of Fort Taber Park, a 47-acre town park located at Clark's Point. Fort Taber was an earthwork built nearby with city resources and garrisoned 1861-1863 until Fort Rodman was ready for service.
North of the village is a small wood, Short Wood, with a Saxon earthwork. After suffering problems from widespread "Dutch Elm Disease" tree infection in the 1970s, the woodland is recovering its attraction and is particularly known for its May-time display of bluebell- carpeted open coppice. There are many other species in the woodland, resulting in it being classified as a SSSI. It is publicly accessible as a nature reserve.
Torthorwald Castle is a large ruined rectangular tower at the centre of the village of Torthorwald just outside Dumfries in south west Scotland. The first castle on the site was an earthwork motte-and-bailey built in the 12th century. The earliest building which forms part of the current ruins was built in the 14th century. Torthorwald Castle was originally owned by Sir David Torthorwald in the 13th Century.
The parish is home to an Iron Age hill fort, Blackbury Castle (also known as Blackbury Camp). It was built during the 4th century BC. It was used by an Iron Age tribal people, probably for several hundred years. Blackbury Camp had impressive ramparts, and the single entrance was protected by a large triangular earthwork or barbican. Now surrounded by woodland, the hill fort is a popular spot for picnics.
In those years, planters considered their slaves too valuable to hire out for such dangerous work. Contractors hired gangs of Irish immigrant laborers to build levees and sometimes clear land. Many of the Irish were relatively recent immigrants from the famine years who were struggling to get established. Before the American Civil War, the earthwork levees averaged six feet in height, although in some areas they reached twenty feet.
The area has prehistoric sites including the Knap Hill earthwork and Adam's Grave, a Neolithic long barrow. A hoard of Roman coins was discovered at Alton Barnes. The boundaries of Alton Barnes parish were established in the early 10th century, and the ancient parish became a civil parish in 1866. Alton Priors was a chapelry of Overton parish, now West Overton, and became a separate civil parish in 1866.
To the north, only an earth bank defends the keep, although the marshy approach to this side would have discouraged attackers. Beyond the artillery house and its ditch, the foundations of older buildings can be seen: these were demolished to provide stone and to clear the field of fire for the artillery house. The outermost defence comprises an earthwork that was hastily built by Lord Maxwell's garrison before the 1640 siege.
View towards the remains of the castle Hangthwaite Castle was an earthwork motte and bailey castle founded by Nigel Fozzard. It stood in the 11th century and is situated just north of Scawthorpe, Doncaster, South Yorkshire, England. Originally, the site was known as Langthwaite, though it changed over the years to Hangthwaite. In the 13th century, a fortified house called Radcliffe Moat () replaced Hangthwaite Castle as a local fortification.
Presentations of Gilbert and Sullivan operas and other entertainments are regularly held. The remainder of the lands have been separated from the hotel and were sold by Harrow Council as "Grimsdyke Farm"."Gilbert and Sullivan estate up for grabs", Reed Business Information Ltd, 20 January 2010 The name Grim's Dyke is sometimes used to refer to a nearby earthwork known as Grim's Ditch which runs from Pinner Hill to Bentley Priory.
Turret 35B (Busy Gap) () is at the top of the ridge before the descent into Busy Gap.TURRET 35B, Pastscape, retrieved 27 November 2013 It was located in 1913 and excavated in 1946. The excavations showed that the turret had narrow walls and a door to the east. There are no visible remains above ground except for an earthwork platform measuring 3.8 metres by 5.5 metres and up to 0.5 metres high.
Newgrange Monument Antiquarian, William Stukeley (1687-1765), created the term, "cursus" in the eighteenth century to describe the long earthwork track at Stonehenge, the prehistoric monument in Wiltshire, England. He initially believed that the route was originally used as a Roman racecourse. The word "cursus" is Latin for "course". Today, the word, "cursus" is used to describe long and narrow trackways or rectangular enclosures that are identified as ancient processional monuments.
Monks Mound in summer. The concrete staircase follows the approximate course of the ancient wooden stairs. There are a number of earthwork step pyramids within North America. Often associated with mounds and other mortuary complexes across the Eastern Woodlands (concentrated in the North American Southeast), step pyramids were constructed as ceremonial centers by the Mississippian cultures (900–1500 CE), and are regarded as a facet of the Southeastern Ceremonial Complex.
The self-guided, accessible museum has many hands-on, how-things- work displays. Cahokia Mounds, located near Collinsville, Illinois, holds the ruins of the 12th century city of the ancient Mississippian aboriginal culture. Its Monk's Mound is the largest prehistoric earthwork in North America and one of more than 60 mounds remaining. This was one of the first eight sites in the US listed as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO.
The best-known Pensacola culture site in terms of archeology is the Bottle Creek site, a large site located west of Pensacola north of Mobile, Alabama. This site has at least 18 large earthwork mounds, five of which are arranged around a central plaza. Its main occupation was from 1250 AD to 1550. It was a ceremonial center for the Pensacola people and a gateway to their society.
Earthwork hauling started in the spring of 1893, first with 100 men and by the summer increasing to 200.Sørensen (1995): 24 Spurs of the Brevik Line at Dalen Portland Cement in the late 1910s All wages were paid as piece work. Work was conducted for ten hours, six days a week and paid an average NOK 3.05 per hour. A labor union was established on 28 July 1893.
Work on the Sørlandet Line through Hægebostad commenced in 1934 with work on the Hægebostad Tunnel. Unlike some of the other tunnels on the line, it was built by hand. The Kvineshei tunnel was drilled with machines, and these took over the last work on the Hægebostad Tunnel. The earthwork from the tunnels was used to build an embankment through Lyngdalen at Snartemo, on which the line and station was placed.
The site includes earthwork enclosures, and a 1960s excavation revealed a 15th–16th century round dovecote. There is supposed to be another dovecote here; location unknown. The house at the south−west end of the village, numbers 55–57, is a 17th-century listed building: a roughcast brick and rubble structure with a pantiled roof. This is a pair of houses; once a farmhouse with a cottage on the right.
Several military installations have been part of New London's history, including the United States Coast Guard Academy and Coast Guard Station New London.Coast Guard Station New London official web page Most of these military installations have been located at Fort Trumbull. The first Fort Trumbull was an earthwork built 1775-1777 that took part in the Revolutionary War. The second Fort Trumbull was built 1839-1852 and still stands.
For example, in the royal estate of Chinchero, the Incas adapted their large-scale earthwork and massive stone construction to the land's dramatically steep valley in order to create intense, visual drama. Similarly to the architecture of other mountainous Inca citadels, such as Machu Picchu, the Chinchero estate's dynamic construction into the severe landscape demonstrated the raw, physical power of the Incas, and projected an authoritative aura for those who approached.
It can shift carbon left by a later culture on the surface to areas deep within the structure, making the earthwork appear younger. When the team conducted carbon dating studies on the charcoal pieces, two yielded a date of ca. 1070 AD, with the third piece dating to the Late Archaic period some two thousand years earlier, specifically 2920+/-65 years BP (before the present). The third date, ca.
Llanidloes takes its name from the early 7th century Celtic Saint Idloes (Llan-Idloes = the Parish of St Idloes), after whom its parish church is named. The village hall is the centre of Wales. It was then part of the cantref of Arwystli. In 1280 Llanidloes received a market charter from the King (granted to Owen de la Pole) and the benefit of Edwardian town planning and earthwork defences.
The larger reservoir, Gryffe No. 1, is adjacent to Loch Thom with Gryffe No. 2 connecting immediately to the east. Together, they are occasionally known as Loch Gryffe. Both reservoirs are impounded by earthwork dams, No.1 has a surface area of and No.2's area is . The average depth of Gryffe No.2 is , the deepest point being near the wall of the dam where it is .
The Fortified Area of the site is bounded by a reconstructed palisade wall. Colonists constructed the original palisade wall to defend the young colony from a land-side attack from the Spanish, or their native allies. The Fortified Area also contains reconstructed earthwork fortifications and six replica cannon. The colonists mounted a battery of cannon facing the Ashley River, and a second battery defended Towne Creek (present day Old Towne Creek).
37 The design of Fort McAllister proved to be surprisingly resilient, absorbing most of the impact from the shells and was quickly repaired overnight. Neither the heavy guns nor the ironclad ships were able to destroy the fort because it was earthwork, not made of bricks and stone. Imagine how disheartening it would be to fire on the fort all day, only to see it reappear seeming undamaged overnight.Schiller, p.
The main part of the monument is the six concentric C-shaped ridges. Each ridge is separated from the next by a swale or gulley. The ridges are divided by four aisles forming earthwork sectors. Three additional linear ridges or causeways connect earthen features in the southern half of the ridges. Today the ridges vary from 0.3 to 6 ft (10 –185 cm) in height relative to the adjacent swales.
By a deed dated August 18, 2008, the state returned Nanih Waiya in Mississippi to the Choctaw. This ancient earthwork mound and site, built ca. 1-300 CE, has been venerated by the Choctaw since the 17th century as a sacred place of origin of their ancestors. The Mississippi Band of Choctaw have made August 18 a tribal holiday to celebrate their regaining control of the sacred site.
The Scots' Dike or dyke is a three and a half mile / 5.25 km long linear earthwork, constructed by the English and the Scots in the year 1552Mack, James Logan (1926). The Border Line, p.94. Oliver & Boyd to mark the division of the Debatable lands and thereby settle the exact boundary between the Kingdom of Scotland and the Kingdom of England.Wickham-Jones, C. R. (2009), The Landscape of Scotland.
Macon was founded on the site of the Ocmulgee Old Fields, where the Creek Indians lived in the 18th century. Their predecessors, the Mississippian culture, built a powerful chiefdom (950–1100 AD) based on the practice of agriculture. The Mississippian culture constructed earthwork mounds for ceremonial, burial, and religious purposes. The areas along the rivers in the Southeast had been inhabited by indigenous peoples for 13,000 years before Europeans arrived.
One of the most known styles is the circular earthwork. There are believed to be 8 in the park, but only 4 are visible today. Another defining feature is the "great mound" this mound is long, wide, and deep. This feature is the most prominent mound in the park, and is so large that another mound appears to be visible, however, this is known as the "small knoll".
The 1966 discovery of a 9.5 kilometer long earthwork north of Tikal's center did much to dispel the notion that the Maya were peaceful. Later reevaluation of the evidence suggested that the earthworks, which were constructed sometime between A.D. 400 and 550, may not have ever been a functional defensive system. However, epigraphic data shows that Tikal participated in violent interactions with other polities, including Caracol (see above).
The project includes construction of an inlet pump station, instrumentation, controls, control structures, earthwork, embankment, slurry cut-off wall, channels, aeration structure and access road. The plan is to raise the level of the lake about and making the lake a natural storage area for water. The result would increase flow into the Peace River. Part of the project is to filter the water through marsh areas before releasing it.
Fleam Dyke is one of 286 sites selected by Charles Rothschild in 1912 to 1915 as wildlife sites "worthy of preservation" in Britain and Ireland. The steep banks of the earthwork have species-rich chalk grassland, a rare habitat in the county. The dyke, which is maintained by grass cutting, is the only Cambridgeshire site for the common juniper. The Harcamlow Way long distance footpath runs through the site.
The earliest fort on the site was Sharpenode Bulwark (also Sharpnode or Sharpnore) which was constructed in 1545-7 as part of Henry VIII's coastal defences. It was about 700 metres east from an earlier fortification known as Worsley's Tower. Sharpenode Bulwark was a square earthwork with two angle bastions. It fell into disrepair and was repaired or even replaced in 1587 by George Carey Captain of the Island.
In 1850, with the closure of the prison, seven 8-inch (22.3 cm) guns were mounted along the walls in brick emplacements, but there were concerns about the defences and two earthwork auxiliary batteries were built just alongside the castle to house additional guns.; In 1856, at the end of the Crimean War, there was a large review of the fleet along the Solent, attended by Queen Victoria and numerous tourists.
Part of the northern boundary of Burcombe parish follows Grovely Ditch or Grim's Ditch, an Iron Age earthwork. Small settlements at Bredecube (Burcombe) and Ocheforde (Ugford) were recorded in the 1086 Domesday survey, when some of the land was held by Wilton Abbey. Ugford House is dated 1636. Much of the housing in Burcombe village was built by the Wilton estate, including Burcombe Manor, a farmhouse dated 1865.
There is a prehistoric earthwork near Penning, in the north of the parish. From before 1650 to around 1900, nearly all the land in the parish belonged to a single farm, probably Cold Berwick Farm, which appears on a 1773 map but had been demolished by 1822. In the 11th and 12th centuries the manor was probably part of Shaftesbury Abbey's Tisbury estate. Berwick House is from the late 18th century.
With its silting, the main feature of medieval Wrangle was lost. It had been the third-biggest harbour on this coast, after Swineshead (Bicker Haven) and Boston (The Haven). Wrangle was mentioned in Domesday Book of 1086, when it consisted of seven households. At Kings Hill are earthwork remains of a medieval Motte and Bailey castle believed to be associated with a manorial estate established during the 11th and 12th centuries.
Cranmore Castle in Devon is an Iron Age earthwork. Like many scheduled monuments, it blends into the landscape, and may not be evident even to those crossing over it. In the United Kingdom, a scheduled monument is a nationally important archaeological site or historic building, given protection against unauthorised change. The various pieces of legislation used for legally protecting heritage assets from damage and destruction are grouped under the term ‘designation’.
Madison Parish was the home to many succeeding Native American groups in the thousands of years before European settlement. Peoples of the Marksville culture, Troyville culture, Coles Creek culture and Plaquemine culture built villages and earthwork mound complexes throughout the area. Notable examples include the Fitzhugh Mounds and the Raffman Site. Historic tribes which were encountered by European colonists include the Taensa and Natchez peoples, who both spoke the Natchez language.
Most castles took the form of earthwork and timber motte-and-bailey or ringwork constructs; easily built with local labour and resources, these were resilient and easy to defend. The Anglo- Norman elite became adept at strategically placing these castles along rivers and valleys to control populations, trade and regions.Prior ref. In the decades before the civil war, some newer, stone-built keeps had begun to be introduced.
Historian Michael Herity analysed several historically designated royal sites to determine what feature they shared. He noted that each had ring-barrows, most had hillforts and linear earthwork avenues, a few had cairns or standing stones, but he noted the lack of these may have been due to these structures' fragility.Herity, 136. Herity also notes that literary sources celebrate these sites as cemeteries and may indicate ancestor worship.
Current field systems may date from the later Bronze Age. For instance, the evidence at Kerton and Wyre Piddle shows a relationship between the Bronze Age boundaries and contemporary fields. The "Shire Ditch", a late Bronze Age boundary earthwork possibly dates from around 1000 BC, its boundary being respected by later settlement patterns. Similarly, Roman field boundaries seem to have kept their alignment with a Bronze Age boundary at Childswickham.
Only the earthen embankment remains as evidence of the fort's existence. Those earthworks, however, have dodged development and erosion, and are now the only unspoiled example of Confederate earthwork fortifications surviving on the North Carolina coast. Early in the 20th century, Dr. William Sharpe, a neurosurgeon of New York, came to Bear Island to hunt. His love of the island prompted him to acquire it for his retirement.
During the 12th century some timber and earthwork castles began to be built, but in small numbers.Avent, p.4. Plan of the castle: A – South Tower; B – Keep; C – West Tower; D – East Building; E – Hall Llywelyn the Great initially controlled the princedom of Gwynedd, but grew more powerful over the course of his reign, extending his influence over much of Wales during the early years of the 13th century.
The Western Wandsdyke earthwork was probably built during the 5th or 6th century. This area became the border between the Romano-British Celts and the West Saxons following the Battle of Deorham in 577.The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, 501–97 AD . The Anglo- Saxons then gained control of the Cotswold area; but most of Somerset, Dorset and Devon (as well as Cornwall) remained in British hands until the late 7th century.
There were also forts that the 84th were stationed at on Cape Sable, Fort Cornwallis (Kentville, Nova Scotia), Sydney Mines Battery (Spanish River, Sydney),Coal Mine Battery (1759 - 1854), Sydney Mines. A British blockhouse and three earthwork batteries were built on the Spanish (Sydney) River near Indian Cove and Peck's Head. Also known as the Sydney Mines Battery. The blockhouse was rebuilt in 1778 with a four-gun battery.
Within of the village itself are several Iron Age hillforts showing evidence of early human occupation. These include Bat's Castle and Black Ball Camp on Gallox Hill, Long Wood Enclosure and a similar earthwork on Grabbist Hill. Dunster Castle Dunster is mentioned as a manor and Dunster Castle as belonging to William I de Moyon (alias de Moion, also de Mohun) in the 1086 Domesday Book.Domesday Book: A Complete Translation.
The Derbyshire Portway prehistoric road runs across Harthill Moor in a north-south direction. It passes between Robin Hood's Stride and Cratcliff Rocks and past Nine Stones Close. It was an ancient route between Mam Tor in the Peak District to the Hemlock Stone near Nottingham. The Limestone Way long distance footpath follows the Derbyshire Portway route across Harthill Moor but then heads around the Castle Ring earthwork towards Youlgreave.
2012 One the south side of the beck, upstream of the reservoirs and Ewden road bridge are prehistoric earthworks and other remains: there is a Bronze Age cemetery of around 30 round barrows, typically less than 3m diameter and high, which are crossed by an earthwork 'Broomhead Dyke', around long, running roughly parallel to the beck; there is also a diameter ring cairn around 100m north of the cemetery.
After travelling for a mind-bogglingly long time, they finally came to a place where the pole stood upright. In this place, they laid to rest the bones of their ancestors, which they had carried in buffalo sacks from the original land in the west. The earthwork mound developed from that great burial. After the burial, the brothers discovered that the land could not support all the people.
Earthworks of Elmley Castle Arms of Beauchamp of Elmley, later Earls of Warwick: Gules, a fesse between six cross crosslets or Elmley Castle, located 1/2 mile south of the village of Elmley Castle and 12 miles south-east of the city of Worcester, in Worcestershire, was a late 11th century earthwork and timber castle which received stone additions in the 12th and possibly 13th centuries. Nothing but the earthworks survive.
Stretch of Offa's Dyke near Clun. Attractions of historical interest located within or near the AONB include Stokesay Castle (near Craven Arms), a well-preserved fortified manor house. Ludlow Castle in Ludlow was constructed in the 11th Century as the border stronghold of one of the Marcher Lords, Roger de Lacy. Offa's Dyke, a massive linear earthwork, also runs through the area, and across the Clun Valley area.
A causewayed enclosure is a type of large prehistoric earthwork common to the early Neolithic in Europe. More than 100 examples are recorded in France and 70 in England, while further sites are known in Scandinavia, Belgium, Germany, Italy, Ireland and Slovakia. The term "causewayed enclosure" is now preferred to the older term causewayed camp as it has been demonstrated that the sites did not necessarily serve as occupation sites.
They allowed defenders to better prevent the breach of an important castle sector, and were double-layered in the largest castles. ;Sōkuruwa :This term refers to a kuruwa created by surrounding the castle town with a large moat, earthwork fortification, or stone wall. It is the largest and outermost kuruwa of any castle. ;Demaru :The demaru is a separate kuruwa placed to strengthen a vulnerable spot or structure within the castle.
Hasdrubal tried to hold the line, but in the end his men fled up the hill behind them and then to their camp. The camp would have been taken had it not been for an extraordinary downpour. During the night, the Carthaginians raised their earthwork with the local stones. However, their allies began deserting, starting with Attenes, prince of the Turdetani, who lived along the south bank of the River Baetis.
The mound is located north of Sageeyah near the south bank of the Verdigris River. The earthwork mound, likely constructed before 1000CE by the Caddoan Mississippian culture, has an elevation of above sea level. The area on top of the mound, where the Osage built a village called Pasona about 1802, is about . Parts of the Cherokee reservation, established in the late 1830s in Indian Territory, lay about to the west.
The Indiana State Museum and Historic Sites is a statewide institution, with 11 historic sites spanning the state. The historic sites range from Angel Mounds in the far south, an archaeological site with surviving major earthwork mounds built by the Mississippian culture about 1000 CE; to author Gene Stratton- Porter's two homes in the north and east, where wildlife, native habitat and her early 20th-century prose are featured.
New Ditch is a linear earthwork of possible Iron Age or Medieval construction. It partially crosses the Polden Hills in woodlands approximately south-west from the village of Butleigh in Somerset, England. Its construction is similar to Ponter's Ball Dyke 3 miles to the northeast, with the dyke on the south east of the embankment, but of less massive construction. Both were probably part of a more extensive defence scheme.
The three aligned henges of the Thornborough Henges complex There are three related types of Neolithic earthwork that are all sometimes loosely called henges. The essential characteristic of all three is that they feature a ring- shaped bank and ditch, with the ditch inside the bank. Because the internal ditches would have served defensive purposes poorly, henges are not considered to have been defensive constructions (cf. circular rampart).
Retaining wall of the main platform in the west group The site architecture was built on the western portion of the ridge, running approximately northwest to southeast. Large boulders have been arranged into terraces, standing and high respectively. There are two architectural groups, both of which are poorly preserved. The east group possesses three earthwork mounds arranged in a line, with a fourth mound situated off to the south side.
On King's Play Hill, east of Heddington village, are a Neolithic long barrow and two bowl barrows. The northern boundary of the parish follows the Roman road from London to Bath. In the early medieval period, the same course was followed by the Wansdyke earthwork. In the 17th and 18th centuries the London-Bath road followed part of the southern boundary of the parish, where it climbed Beacon Hill.
The site is a State Care Historic Monument and has ASAI (Area of Significant Archaeological Interest) status. The site consists of a circular enclosure, in diameter and in area, surrounded by a circular earthwork bank high. At least three of the five irregularly spaced gaps in the bank are intentional and possibly original. East of the centre of the enclosure is a small passage tomb with a vestigial passage facing west.
The site includes Grims' Dyke Open Space. Grim's Dyke or Grim's Ditch is an ancient earthwork which runs for three miles between Harrow Weald Common and Pinner Green. Its purpose is unknown, and it may date from the fifth or sixth centuries. Adjacent to the site are the City Open Space, Harrow Weald SSSI, a geological Site of Special Scientific Interest, and Bentley Priory Nature Reserve, a biological SSSI.
The area has many bowl barrows, from the Bronze Age or earlier, including one close to the present church. On Whitepits Down is a long linear earthwork from a similar era. The site of a Romano-Celtic temple on Whitecliff Down in the north of the parish is surrounded by evidence of occupation in the Iron Age and earlier. Two Roman roads crossed at the ford at Kingston Deverill.
The earthwork from the Sveio side was used to build roads and a golf course in the area. On average, the tunnel was built at a speed of per week, with the record being . Between 30 and 40 people worked with the tunneling on each team. The lowest point was reached on 5 May 1999 and the breakthrough took place on 2 September 1999, five months before schedule.
Fort York was also defended by a western wall, and a small unarmed earthwork between the fort and the Western Battery. About a dozen cannons, including older condemned models, were mounted in these positions, in addition to two-6-pounders on field carriages. Further west were the ruins of Fort Rouillé, and the Half Moon Battery, neither of which was in use. Sheaffe was at York to conduct public business.
Hallaton Castle earthworks, 2006 Hallaton Castle was situated to the west of the village of Hallaton, which lies some 20 km to the south-east of the city of Leicester (). This was an interesting motte and bailey castle with an additional rectangular enclosure now surviving as an earthwork, high, and in circumference, on which stood the keep, occupying, with the outworks, about of ground. The earthworks only are present today.
The upper Wylye area has much evidence of Neolithic and early Bronze Age activity. There are several bowl barrows, one of them close to the east of the present village. To the west of the village, by the Longbridge Deverill road, is the site of a henge which survives as an earthwork, 80m in diameter. It was noted by Sir Richard Colt Hoare and sketched by William Cunnington.
Boringdon Camp Boringdon Camp is an English Iron Age and Roman earthwork in Cann Woods, near Plympton, Plymouth, Devon. It is a scheduled ancient monument and owned by South Hams District Council. The site is on a hilltop at above sea level, with views down the Plym Valley of Plymouth Sound, away. The site is located immediately behind the Cann Wood parking at the modern road from Plympton to Shaugh Prior.
Plan of the castle and town defences: A – bailey gate; B – inner bailey and site of keep; C – barbican; D – castle west gate to town; E – castle east gate to barbican; F – outer bailey and site of former buildings; G – town earthwork ramparts; H – site of town's south gate; I – River Nar Castle Acre Castle comprises three main earthworks: a motte and inner bailey to the north, an outer bailey to the south, and a barbican to the north-east. The medieval settlement of Castle Acre was linked to the western edge of the castle, and enclosed by its own circuit of earthwork defences and walls. Historic England consider the castle's huge defensive earthworks to be "among the finest surviving in England" The castle's large outer bailey is rectangular in shape, covering , surrounded by earth banks and, on the east and west, deep ditches. Fragments of its 12th-century stone walls survive in places.
Nonetheless in 1778, agitated by British Officers lobbying for frontier attacks, mixed parties of Tories (Loyalists) and Iroquois committed atrocities in 1778, so Washington sent the Sullivan Expedition in 1779, which broke the power of the Iroquois—re-opened the Ohio Country to homesteader settlement. As a river crossing, the closest to the pass that reached the Monongahela, the town would see a lot of boots of settlers passing by. View of Market Street historic district Because colonial settlers believed that earthwork mounds were a prehistoric fortification, they called the settlement Redstone Old Fort; later in the 1760s–70s, it eventually became known as "Redstone Fort" or by the mid-1760s, "Fort Burd" named after the officer who commanded the British fort constructed in 1759. The fort was constructed during the French and Indian War (Seven Years' War) on the bluff above the river near a prehistoric earthwork mound that was also the site of historic Native American burial grounds.
At the south is a level area called the Bake. On the north-east the parish boundary ran along the old road from Chitterne to Stapleford, on the south along Grim's Dyke, an ancient earthwork, while on the south-west the boundary cut through a combe, Roakham Bottom.'Fisherton de la Mere', in A History of the County of Wiltshire: Volume 8, Warminster, Westbury and Whorwellsdown Hundreds (1965), pp. 34–46. online at british-history.ac.
Fort Slocum was one of seven temporary earthwork forts, part of the Civil War Defenses of Washington, D.C., during the Civil War, built in the Northeast quadrant of the city after the beginning of the war by the Union Army to protect the city from the Confederate Army. From west to east, the forts were as follow: Fort Slocum, Fort Totten, Fort Slemmer, Fort Bunker Hill, Fort Saratoga, Fort Thayer and Fort Lincoln.
The alternative would require of earthwork and would be 313,000 Norwegian krone (NOK) more expensive than the Stømsbusletten alternative. A consensus was not reached for any alternative, and when Parliament on 8 June 1903 voted on the proposal, not decision was made. Arendal's member of parliament, Johan Frøstrup, supported the Barbudalen alternative. He argued that this would make it easy to expand the line, give good transshipment to ships and be advantageous for future industry.
The site covers a total area of 100 hectares, and is the largest Late Archaic construction in the Norte Chico region. The three earthwork mounds on the large site are believed to be remains of pyramidal-shaped structures. Two standing stones, known as huancas, also survive. Excavation in 2007 revealed a structure believed to be a temple, of a design similar to, but predating, the Mito architectural tradition seen in the Peruvian highlands.
The Journal of the Iowa Archeological Society 38 Blood Run,Green, William, and Clare Tolmie (2004) Analysis of Plant Remains from Blood Run. Plains Anthropologist 49:525–625; Hartley Fort, the Lane Enclosure,Alex 2000:206–207 three sites in downtown Des Moines,Schoen, Christopher M. (2005) A Point of Land and Prehistoric Peoples. Iowa Heritage Illustrated 86(1): 8–9 and sites along the Upper Iowa River, including several large earthwork enclosures.
It has been estimated that over 100 individual burials are in Ormond Mound, based on salvage excavations that were conducted in 1982. As more bodies were deposited into the area and were covered with sand and other minerals, the earthwork took its "distinctive mounded appearance". Most of these remains were laid to rest during the late St. Johns period, after A.D. 800. The remains were oftentimes buried with their most prized possessions.
Stowey Castle Stowey Castle is a Norman motte-and-bailey castle, built in the 11th century. The blue lias rubble walling is the only visible structural remains of the castle which stand on a conical earthwork with a ditch approximately in circumference. The castle was destroyed in the 15th century, which may have been as a penalty for the local Lord Audley's involvement in the Second Cornish Uprising of 1497 led by Perkin Warbeck.
These earthworks were garths or toft enclosures A non-intrusive earthwork survey was done by English Heritage's Archaeological Survey and Investigation team in 2007. This suggested that there had been a village there without a green, then a toft village consisting of two rows of small farmsteads around a green. After that, some tofts were added and some abandoned. Next to the village there was an enclosed area including a manor, fishpond, dovecote and orchard.
Two Roman roads cross the parish, one from Mildenhall to Old Salisbury and the other between Cirencester and Winchester. There is a Romano-British kiln site in the forest. The eastern end of Wansdyke, an early medieval defensive earthwork, is in the northeast of the parish. A 2009 study by English Heritage (now Historic England) examined aerial photographs of Savernake Forest together with data from a 2007 Lidar survey carried out for the Forestry Commission.
George Quimby was the first archaeologists to excavate the South Flats earthwork, it was part of the exhibit work he conducted for the Centennial Organization of Muskegon, Michigan in the summer of 1937. The excavation consisted of six units labeled as A to F, yielding minimal cultural material evidence. Quimby's results led him to two conclusions on the functionality of the site: a Late Woodland settlement or a Middle Woodland ceremonial location.
The Priory Church of St Mary the Virgin was designated a Grade I listed building in 1966 and is now recorded in the National Heritage List for England, maintained by Historic England. Swine was served from 1864 to 1964 by Swine railway station on the Hull and Hornsea Railway. Swine Castle Hill Two miles south-west of the village are the earthwork remains of the medieval Swine Castle that is a Scheduled Ancient Monument.
The Santee migrated north and westward from the Southeast United States, first into Ohio, then to Minnesota. Some came up from the Santee River and Lake Marion, area of South Carolina. The Santee River was named after them, and some of their ancestors' ancient earthwork mounds have survived along the portion of the dammed-up river that forms Lake Marion. In the past, they were a Woodland people who thrived on hunting, fishing and farming.
Newberry Castle is an Iron Age Hill Fort close to Combe Martin in Devon, England.It takes the form of an earthwork hillside enclosure close on an outcrop of a hill on the north eastern shoulder of Newberry Hill at an elevation 110 Metres above Sea Level.R.R.Sellman; Aspects of Devon History, Devon Books 1985 - - Chapter 2; The Iron Age in Devon. Map Page 11 of Iron Age hill forts in Devon shows Newberry.
" (Raids in 1757). The raids according to Domingo Abella-Bikol Annals, "ten towns and two missions were completely destroyed; ten churches were looted and burned; about 8,000 indios were captured or killed; one priest was killed, two captured, and the capital Caceres, was under alert one night. Alcalde Jacinto Rodriguez Morales provided material for a baluarte (earthwork or fortified rampant) as defense of Pasacao against these raids. He also issued rations to bantayes (watchmen, sentinels).
The Spanish Fort Site (22-SH-500) is an archaeological site in the Delta region of the U.S. state of Mississippi. It is one of three major earthwork sites in the far southern portion of the Yazoo River valley, and it has been designated a historic site because of its archaeological value. Despite its name, the site was not built by the Spanish, and its original purpose is believed to have been ceremonial, not martial.
After the Civil War began in April 1861, it was apparent that the Fort at Clark's Point was still years from completion. Fort Taber, a small earthwork with six cannons, was built nearby with city resources, and named after New Bedford's mayor during that period. It provided a temporary defense until the stone fort was garrisoned in 1863. Fort Taber is marked by a stone outline today, directly behind the stone fort.
It still has an intact arched Romanesque doorway. The Church and carved figures are State Care Historic Monuments sited in the townland of White Island, in Fermanagh and Omagh District Council area, at grid ref: H1753 6000. The rath, earthwork, and area surrounding the state care monument are Scheduled Historic Monuments, at grid ref: H1753 6000. The island is accessed by ferry from the marina in Castle Archdale Country Park, near Irvinestown.
On Lamb Down to the south of the village is a linear earthwork, possibly a prehistoric boundary marker; it may have extended further north but that section would have been destroyed when the barracks were built. For elections to Wiltshire Council, Perham Down falls within Ludgershall and Perham Down electoral division, electing one councillor. Boundary changes in 2020, effective from the 2021 election, place Perham within the Tidworth East & Ludgershall South division.
It declined in importance during the late-medieval period, and by the 19th century, the castle was ruinous and overgrown with ivy. In the 21st century, Loughor Castle is controlled by the Welsh heritage agency Cadw and operated as a tourist attraction. The ruined tower and fragments of the curtain wall still survive on top of the ringwork's earthwork defences, which now resemble a motte, or mound, and are part of the Loughor Castle Park.
It had a dirt runway of and a passenger terminal in a makeshift, cob-wall shack covered with buriti-leaves. This facility, however, was only temporary. The relocation to a definitive site had already been identified as a priority and construction works started on 6 November 1956. The works lasted for only over six months and required the clearing of an area of , of earthwork, base-stabilized , covering , topographical services, positioning and leveling.
Because of their reliance on shellfish, they accumulated large shell middens during this period. Many people lived in large villages with purpose-built earthwork mounds, such as those at Horr's Island. People began creating fired pottery in Florida by 2000 BC.Milanich 1994, pp. 32–35 Milanich 1998, pp. 3–37 By about 500 BC, the Archaic culture, which had been fairly uniform across Florida, began to devolve into more distinct regional cultures.
It domesticated wild squash and made pottery, which were large cultural advances over the Clovis culture. The natives built burial mounds; one of this type has been dated as the oldest earthwork in Anderson's Mounds State Park.Allison, pp. iv-v Natives in the Middle Woodland period developed the Hopewell culture and may have been in Indiana as early as 200 BC. The Hopewells were the first culture to create permanent settlements in Indiana.
Although the mound now has trees and underbrush growing from it, when originally built, such earthwork mounds were typically clear of vegetation, with smooth prepared sides. Many workers had to bring soils by basket to build the mound. The builders used their knowledge to combine a variety of soils and shells for stability, and usually finished the top and sides with clay. The mound likely rose from flat plazas which were intentionally leveled.
Other Russian soldiers stormed the earthwork itself, using bayonets as steps to climb onto the parapet. After several salvoes, Polish infantry retreated to within the fort, to fire at Russian soldiers appearing on top of the rampart. The first to cross the obstacles was Pavel Liprandi with his men. With 10:1 Russian superiority, the bayonet fight was short, and between 60 and 80 surviving Poles were taken prisoner in a matter of minutes.
Fort Eustis Historical and Archaeological Association, Fort Eustis, VA p. 22 Confederate forces withdrew from Mulberry Island in May 1862 to move closer to Richmond, so Fort Crafford never saw combat. The foundation of the Crafford house located within the earthwork was excavated in the 1970s by amateur archaeologists of the Fort Eustis Historical and Archaeological Association. The brick and oyster-shell mortar foundation of the house remains, surrounded by a protective fence.
There are two ancient sites in the village, namely the earthwork known as King Arthur's Round Table and the much better preserved Mayburgh Henge which is situated between the rivers Lowther and Eamont. Mayburgh Henge was built using stones from one or both rivers. The location between the rivers was probably important when it was built 3000 or 4000 years ago, which protected it from invasion. Both sites are under the protection of Historic England.
It joins the Ohio at Point Pleasant. Paleo-Indians, the earliest indigenous peoples, lived in the valley and the heights by 10,000 BC as evidenced by archaeological artifacts such as Clovis points. A succession of prehistoric cultures developed, with the Adena culture beginning the construction of numerous skilled earthwork mounds and enclosures more than 2000 years ago. Some of the villages of the Fort Ancient culture survived into the times of European contact.
Grand Village of the Natchez, (22 AD 501) also known as the Fatherland Site, is a site encompassing a prehistoric indigenous village and earthwork mounds in present-day south Natchez, Mississippi. The village complex was constructed starting about 1200 CE by members of the prehistoric Plaquemine culture. They built the three platform mounds in stages. Another phase of significant construction work by these prehistoric people has been dated to the mid-15th century.
Honjō Castle was built in three concentric layers on a low hill, with the main bailey in the center at the highest elevation, and the second bailey and third bailey forming terraces built by earthwork rather than stone walls, and each surrounded by a moat. The ruins of the site are now part of , where a portion of the moats, earthworks and a gate have been reconstructed. A section of the moat around Honjō Castle.
First evidence of human settlement in the area is the massive earthwork of "Caynham Camp". It can be dated back to 900 BC, late in the Bronze Age. It was later developed and expanded until the Roman invasion of 44 AD. Much of Caynham's later history lies with the manor of Caynham. It is believed that the village of Caynham today is far less important than the manor was in Norman times.
Controversy exists over the original purpose of the earthwork, particularly whether it was actually part of a castle site. Conventional wisdom states Risinghoe Castle was a timber Motte-and-bailey castle built sometime after the Norman Invasion of 1066. It is referred to as having been the property of Hugh de Beauchamp, the chief landowner in Goldington in 1086. The castle is mentioned as already being old by the end of the 12th century.
The Caddo Nation is a confederacy of several Southeastern Native American tribes. Their ancestors historically inhabited much of what is now East Texas, Louisiana, and portions of southern Arkansas and Oklahoma. They were descendants of the Caddoan Mississippian culture that constructed huge earthwork mounds at several sites in this territory. In the early 19th century, Caddo people were forced to a reservation in Texas; they were removed to Indian Territory in 1859.
In these villages, artisans and craftsmen developed specialties. The artistic skills and earthwork mound-building of the Caddoan Mississippians flourished during the 12th and 13th centuries.Carter, 17=8 The Spiro Mounds, near the Arkansas River in present-day southeastern Oklahoma, were some of the most elaborate mounds in the United States. They were made by Mississippian ancestors of the historic Caddo and Wichita tribes, in what is considered the westernmost point of the Mississippian culture.
In 1808, the United States Army decided to build a fort in Eastport, Massachusetts (now Maine), to protect against possible threats from Britain and other European powers then engaged in warfare. In 1808 or 1809, Major Lemuel Trescott oversaw the construction of the garrison atop Clark's Hill in the village. The fort contained a four-gun circular earthwork, a wooden blockhouse, and barracks. Fort Sullivan reportedly took its name circa March 1813.
Land acquisition began in 1928 and was completed in 1934. In 1992, the park accepted a donation from the City of Murfreesboro of an intact segment of Fortress Rosecrans, the largest enclosed earthwork built during the Civil War. The park preserves less than a fifth of the more than 3,000 acres (12 km2) over which the battle was fought. On March 3, 1927, the site was established as Stones River National Military Park.
The early medieval linear earthwork Nico Ditch passes through Platt Fields Park in Fallowfield and dates from the 8th or 9th century. Early Fallowfield was an ill-defined area north of Withington until the mid-19th century. The first mention of Fallowfield is in a deed of 1317 (as "Fallafeld"). During the 14th century at least part of the land in Fallowfield was held by Jordan de Fallafeld. In 1530 it was mentioned as "Falowfelde".
Plymouth Dock, 1765: the town is shown encompassed by the dockyard to the west, by the defensive 'lines' and square barracks to the north and east, and by Mount Wise to the south. NB North = left. In the mid-eighteenth century a defensive earthwork was constructed around the town and dockyard. Within these dockyard 'lines', six square barracks were built between 1758-1763 to accommodate the garrison of troops required to man the defences.
Burley Wood Burley Wood is the site of an Iron Age hill fort north of Lydford in Devon, England. The fort occupies much of a hilltop some 220 metres above sea level overlooking the river Lew. The site also has a Norman motte-and- bailey earthwork just below it to the northeast at approx 215 metres above sea level.R.R.Sellman; Aspects of Devon History, Devon Books 1985 - - Chapter 2; The Iron Age in Devon.
During the Civil War it was upgraded to accommodate 10-inch Rodman guns.History of Fort Griswold at Friends of Fort Griswold website Forts in Connecticut served as mobilization centers in the Civil War. Fort Trumbull became the headquarters of the 14th US Infantry regiment during the war. Fort Nathan Hale in New Haven was built in 1863 near the old Black Rock Fort as an earthwork mounting 18 guns, with bomb-proof shelters and magazines.
The modern village of Coxhoe developed during the 18th and 19th centuries, spurred by coal mining, first recorded in 1750. Coxhoe Colliery was sunk in 1827; from 1801 to 1841 the population rose from 117 to 3904. Remains of other elements of the coal industry are still visible nearby. The buildings of Heugh Hall are now part of a farm, and the course of its wagon way is still visible as an earthwork.
Caer Mote is a small hill in the north of the English Lake District near Bothel, Cumbria. Its summit at lies just outside the boundary of the Lake District National Park. It offers a view of Bassenthwaite Lake from its summit, upon which is an ancient earthwork enclosure of undetermined age, known as "The Battery". Under the name Caermote Hill it is the subject of a chapter of Wainwright's book The Outlying Fells of Lakeland.
After nearly two hundred years, the Mississippi Band of Choctaw have retaken control of the ancient site of Nanih Waiya, an earthwork mound built about 300-600 AD. They have traditionally venerated this site as their place of origin and the home of their ancestors. For years the state protected the site as a Mississippi state park. It returned Nanih Waiya to the Choctaw in 2006, under Mississippi Legislature State Bill 2803.Senator Williamson.
Bourn Castle was in the village of Bourn in Cambridgeshire, 10 miles to the west of Cambridge (). It originally consisted of wooden buildings on an earthwork enclosure which was erected by Picot de Cambridge around 1080, which was towards the end of the reign of William the Conqueror. This was burnt down during the reign of Henry III, c.1266. In the early 16th century Bourn Hall was built on part of the site.
Wednesbury was fortified by Æthelflæd (Ethelfleda), daughter of Alfred the Great and known as the Lady of Mercia. She erected five fortifications to defend against the Danes at Bridgnorth, Tamworth, Stafford and Warwick, with Wednesbury in the centre. Wednesbury's fort would probably have been an extension of an older fortification and made of a stone foundation with a wooden stockade above. Earthwork ramparts and water filled ditches would probably have added to its strength.
Remains of Mangerton Tower, Mangerton The site now known as Gilnockie Castle lies near Canonbie at the east end of Gilnockie Bridge, which crosses the Esk in Hollows, just 500 m to the south east (). Today, only an earthwork remains, and there is some doubt as to whether a tower stood there, although it is possible that the earlier tower destroyed in 1528 was located there. It is associated with Johnnie Armstrong, Laird of Gilnockie.
A defensive earthwork named Shaler Battery, built as part of the Defense of Cincinnati, remains preserved within the cemetery and is located adjacent to the cemetery bandstand. It was one of the 28 artillery batteries that were built on northern Kentucky hilltops from 1861 to 1863. A residence for the sexton of the cemetery was constructed in 1872. Seven years later, in 1879, the name of the cemetery was officially acknowledged as Evergreen.
The ruins of Crawford Castle Crawford Castle, substantially in ruins, is located on the north bank of the River Clyde, around half a mile north of Crawford, South Lanarkshire, Scotland. The ruins stand on an earlier motte and bailey earthwork. The castle was formerly known as Lindsay Tower, after its former owners, the Lindsay family. The strategic location of the castle, at , guards the approach from England into the upper Clyde Valley.
King's Caple has a parish church of St John the Baptist, a primary school, and the small old school which now is used as a parish room. Opposite the church there is an earthwork known as Caple Tump, reputed to be the remains of a castle motte. The tump is round and now has trees growing on top. Legend has it that this was the site of village fairs in recent centuries.
The original site was bounded on three sides by an earthwork circular enclosure, about ten feet high and encompassing a square mile. Occupation of Nanih Waiya and several smaller nearby mounds likely continued through 700 CE, the Late Woodland Period. The smaller mounds may also have been built by later cultures. As they have been lost to cultivation since the late 19th century and the area has not been excavated, theories have been speculation.
Christopher Taylor: Roads and Tracks of Britain (London 1979) pp.65–68 The route of the Lower Icknield Way is now followed by the B4009, while the Upper Icknield Way is here still a muddy track, except where it passes through the hamlet of Whiteleaf A section of the extensive earthwork known as Grim's Ditch crosses the parish much further south (Map square SP 8203). This is thought to be an Iron Age boundary dyke.
Several Mississippian culture sites were at one time misattributed to the Cherokee, who did not build earthwork mounds. These included Moundville and Etowah Mounds which are associated with the Mississippian descendants, the Muscogee Creek. later Cherokee culture shows some association with Pisgah Phase sites. Artifacts from historic Cherokee villages featured iconography from the Southeastern Ceremonial Complex, but this is believed likely to have been due to assimilation of survivors by the Cherokee expansion.
Early investigators of Native American culture identified many mound sites along the river. With what is now known of the cultures in the Southeast, scholars believe these earthwork mounds to have been built by cultures that existed before the emergence of the Choctaw and Chickasaw peoples. Clarence B. Moore conducted notable studies of the earthworks on the river near Holly Bluff, about a half a mile from the entrance to Lake George.Brown, Calvin S. (1926).
The area was inhabited by Native Americans for thousands of years in the Pre- Columbian period. Roods Landing Site on the Chattahoochee River is a significant archaeological site located south of Omaha. Listed on the National Register of Historic Places, it includes major earthwork mounds built about 1100-1350 CE by peoples of the sophisticated Mississippian culture. Another Mississippian site is the Singer Moye Mounds, located in the southern part of the county.
The smaller slides continued and in the morning of 19 August the land under the tracks had slid away, leaving the rails hanging in mid-air over a distance of . The guard house was evacuated and it was taken by the slide the following day. In all of earthwork had been carried away by then. When the slides finally had concluded after a month, nearly of earth had slid into the fjord.
This is a Mississippian culture center that was active from about 900 to 1450 CE that was part of a culture in Eastern Oklahoma and Western Arkansas. Today the 80-acre site with several earthwork mounds is preserved as Oklahoma's only State Archeological Park and one of North America's most important archaeological sites. It is the westernmost site of the expansive Mississippian culture, which had associated centers through the Mississippi and tributary river valleys.
Newton St Petrock Church Newton St Petrock is an ecclesiastical and civil parish in the Torridge district of Devon in England, occupying approximately . It has a population in 2001 of 163.Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Parish Headcounts : Torridge Retrieved 2009-08-30 A mile to the east of the village are the earthwork remains of Durpley Castle, a medieval motte-and- bailey castle. The parish's famous landmark is an ancient oak.
One Hampshire ditch encloses an area of on the Wiltshire and Dorset borders. The earthwork runs for about , and is a double-banked structure with a ditch between the banks. The Royal Commission's survey of Bokerley Dyke disputed the idea of Grim's Ditch being a single monument, and suggested it was in at least three parts. English Heritage's monument scheduling suggests that Grim's Ditch may be of Bronze Age or Early Iron Age date.
Latino himself had a military career: he supervised the earthwork fortifications designed by his father for Castel Sant'Angelo and built a section of the walls of Civitavecchia. During the Cyprus war, the Venetians appointed him governor of Candia (the present-day island of Crete), where he lived for more than a decade. He was also ambassador of Gregory XIII (1502-1585, Pope from 1572) to the Senate of the Venetian Republic.Cantile, Andrea.
During the Battle of Shiloh, on April 6, 1862, Powell gave a command to fire by raising his hand. A bullet shattered his wrist, and the arm was later amputated to stop infection. In 1869, one-armed John Wesley Powell led the first successful navigation of the Colorado River through what Powell named "the Grand Canyon". The earthwork walls are the original Fort D, as constructed in 1861 and restored in 1936.
The room is now part of the civic offices. Abingdon has the remains of a motte-and-bailey castle, which can be found to the north of the town centre surrounded by trees within a housing estate. Originally built of wood or stone, it was a fortification on a raised earthwork called a motte surrounded by a protective ditch. There is a Second World War FW3/28A pillbox by the River Ock near Marcham Road.
When viewed from the observatory mound, the moon rises at that time within one-half of a degree of the octagon's exact center. The earthwork is twice as precise as the complex at Stonehenge (assuming Stonehenge is an observatory, which is a disputed theory). From 1892 to 1908, the state of Ohio used the Octagon Earthworks as a militia encampment. Immediately after this, the Newark Board of Trade owned the property, until 1918.
A huge set of earthworks discovered by Dennis E. Puleston and Donald Callender in the 1960s rings Tikal with a wide trench behind a rampart.Puleston & Callender 1967, p. 40–48. Recently, a project exploring the defensive earthworks has shown that the scale of the earthworks is highly variable and that in many places it is inconsequential as a defensive feature. In addition, some parts of the earthwork were integrated into a canal system.
Hog Pit is directly in front of today's main north entrance to the park. The origin of this substantial earthwork is unknown but reference to Hoggpytte can be found in medieval records for the year 1444. It is recorded that in the late 18th century Hog Pit was used as a water reservoir for mill power. Despite still often being called a pond, it is now dry and forms a simple amphitheatre.
In the 15th century, proto-Chickasaw people left the Tombigbee Valley after the collapse of the Moundville chiefdom. They settled into the upper Yazoo and Pearl River valleys in present-day Mississippi. Historian Arrell Gibson and anthropologist John R. Swanton believed the Chickasaw Old Fields were in Madison County, Alabama. Another version of the Chickasaw creation story is that they arose at Nanih Waiya, a great earthwork mound built about 300 CE by Woodland peoples.
Journal of Social Archaeology, 4(3), 368-404. Following the laying to rest of the deceased, who is often surrounded with grave goods, an earthwork called a kurgan in Russian or barrow in English is raised over the house and the structure left sealed. The term has parallels with Christian sepulchres which contain only one burial. Mortuary houses differ from mortuary enclosures in size, design and in the latter's capacity for multiple burials.
The castle sits on a much older Iron Age promontory fort, proving Llansteffan has been inhabited for several millennia. The hill where the castle stands commands the River Tywi estuary. The hill would have been stripped of trees so that foot soldiers were vulnerable to attack by archers. The original earthworks can still be seen and were used as part of the modern castle's defence system—the castle proper rests within the earthwork rings.
All three had a Celtic culture and language. However, Ptolemy stated that Bath was in the territory of the Belgae, but this may be a mistake. The Celtic gods were worshipped at the temple of Sulis at Bath and possibly the temple on Brean Down. Iron Age sites on the Quantock Hills, include major hill forts at Dowsborough and Ruborough, as well as smaller earthwork enclosures, such as Trendle Ring, Elworthy Barrows and Plainsfield Camp.
The Bull Bridge Aqueduct was situated on the Cromford Canal, built in 1794, at Bullbridge east of Ambergate along the Amber Valley, where it turned sharply to cross the valley and the Ambergate to Nottingham road. The Cromford canal is in Derbyshire, England. Known officially as the "Amber Aqueduct", it was actually an earthwork bank surmounted by masonry walls across the valley some thirty feet high in places. It was pierced by three arches.
The Winterville Site (22 WS 500) is a major archaeological site in unincorporated Washington County, Mississippi, north of Greenville. It consists of major earthwork monuments, including more than twelve large platform mounds and cleared and filled plazas. It is the type site for the Winterville Phase (1200 to 1400) of the Lower Yazoo Basin region of the Plaquemine Mississippian culture. Protected as a state park, it has been designated as a National Historic Landmark.
The turntable is at the right of their railway centre. It makes use of tracks to the left which are on the site of the old GWR Clifton Maybank goods depot. At the far end is a raised earthwork that looks like it once carried another siding, but it is in fact part of the original scheme of 1864 which envisaged another link from Clifton Maybank southwards towards which was never completed.
In the fields nearby Roman coins of the 3rd and 4th centuries have been found, also earthwork features of medieval times. The main buildings in Wiggins Hill date to the 17th century. There is a half-timbered cottage with a large barn and a farmhouse with a Dutch gable. Wiggins Hill was a major meeting place for Quakers, with a meeting house and cottage being built there in 1724 by the group.
Southwest face of Heel Stone in May 2016 The Heel Stone is a single large block of sarsen stone standing within the Avenue outside the entrance of the Stonehenge earthwork. In section it is sub-rectangular, with a minimum thickness of 2.4 metres, rising to a tapered top about 4.7 metres high. Excavation has shown that a further 1.2 metres is buried in the ground. It is 77.4 metres from the centre of Stonehenge circle.
Grave Creek Mound is the largest conical type of any of the mound builder structures. Construction of the earthwork mound took place in successive stages from about 250–150 B.C., as indicated by the multiple burials at different levels within the structures. In 1838, road engineers measured its height at and its base as . Originally a moat of about in width and in depth, with one causeway across it, encircled the mound for defensive purposes.
The county borough of Wrexham is in north-east Wales, straddling the ancient border earthwork Offa's Dyke. There are 107 scheduled monuments in the county borough. The 29 Bronze Age and Iron Age sites are mainly found to the west of Offa's dyke, and are in the main burial mounds and hillforts on the uplands. To the east of the dyke are the majority of the 18 medieval sites, mainly domestic, defensive or ecclesiastical.
Winterville is an unincorporated community located in Washington County, Mississippi, near Mississippi Highway 1. Winterville is approximately north of Greenville, the county seat, and approximately south of Lamont. The Winterville Site, a National Historic Landmark featuring more than twelve major earthwork mounds from the period of 11th to 15th centuries, is located near Winterville along Mississippi 1. It is the type site of the Plaquemine Mississippian culture, from which the Natchez Indians descended.
The Rock Eagle Effigy Mound, a Native American archaeological site, is located north of the city. It is one of two such sites east of the Mississippi River; both are in Putnam County. The mound and related earthwork constructions were made by Woodland culture peoples, perhaps as long ago as 1,000 to 3,000 years. The site within a 1500-acre park administered by the University of Georgia, which also maintains a 4-H camp nearby.
A linear earthwork thought to be associated with the hillfort is found at the south-west, at the contour, running for approximately first due north, and then north-north-west. The castle enclosure is overgrown by an ancient oak woodland; coniferous planting surrounds the site. The Atlas of Hillforts specifies the condition of the site as good. Nearby are two railway viaducts on the Cornish Main Line: Largin viaduct and West Largin viaduct.
For most of its length, the line had no ballast, with the sleepers simply laid on levelled earth. This was a technique Phillips had pioneered on the Croydon- Normanton railway (now the Gulflander), and while it was frowned on by most railway engineers, it was satisfactory under light loads on level going. As most of the route extended over open grassed plains, simply following the gentle rise and fall of the ground, there was very little earthwork to do.
Peshkam & Banks, 1996 During the construction, the remains of a late Bronze Age settlement on a former eyot were investigated on the west bank of the Thames.Cromarty et al. (2005) The bridge was designed so as not to disturb the archaeological site. Close to the east bank, near Mongewell, the construction work allowed examination of the South Oxfordshire Grim's Ditch, the long earthwork followed by the Ridgeway Path, and showed it to be late Iron Age/early Roman.
Around the middle of the American Civil War, in 1863, the Union Army constructed fortifications called the Long Point Battery. It consisted of two earthwork artillery batteries, with a total of nine guns between them, plus a barracks to house a company of 98 soldiers, an officer's quarters, and stables. The base was operational until 1872, but never saw any combat action – as a result, local residents took to calling the batteries "Fort Useless" and "Fort Ridiculous".
Anstey Castle was in the village of Anstey, Hertfordshire. It was a 12th- century stone motte and bailey fortress that, according to tradition, was founded by Eustace II, Count of Boulogne. It was either him, or one of his immediate progeny who established the first earthwork castle here. The castle had most probably been in existence for some time when the estate was acquired by Geoffrey de Mandeville, for he sought to strengthen his estate in the surrounding valley.
Ordnance Survey One-inch Map of Great Britain; Bodmin and Launceston, sheet 186. 1961 The outer defence of Tregeare Rounds Tregeare Rounds is an Iron Age earthwork half a mile northeast of Pendoggett in the parish of St Kew. An area with a diameter of 500 ft is enclosed by two banks and ditches. As it is overlooked by higher ground to the northwest it may have been used as a cattle enclosure rather than a fortification.
The first was a small stone fort, while the second was a simple sand earthwork. The forts were armed only with medium and smaller calibre guns, the largest guns being 24-pounders. Major General Maxim Kokhanovitch commanded the garrison of 1,500 men, most of whom were stationed in the main fort. Across the estuary was Fort Nikolaev in the town of Ochakov with fifteen more guns, but these were too far away to play a role in the battle.
During summer of 2006 a group of personnel from Grand Valley State University began archaeological explorations of the area with the intention of expanding on the original excavations by Quimby, to disturb as little as possible the archaeological site, and further research into the debate of earthwork enclosures and their prehistoric purpose. The crew conducted shovel tests along the west end of the 25 meter bluff as well as on the interior and exterior of the earthen enclosure itself.
The settlement has Anglo-Saxon roots. There was a Romano-British settlement at Goltho in the 1st and 2nd centuries."Goltho Medieval Settlement Earthwork and Cropmark Site" , English Heritage. Retrieved 3 June 2012 The origin of the name is uncertain, perhaps from an Old Scandinavian (Viking) first name or the Viking word for "ravine", or as is widely accepted locally, "where the marigolds grow", referred to in Henry Thorold's guide to the redundant St George's Church, Goltho.
After the groundbreaking, contracts for finishing the former South Pennsylvania Railroad tunnels, grading the turnpike's right-of-way, constructing bridges, and paving were awarded. By July 1939, the entire length of the turnpike was under contract. The first work to begin on the road was grading its right-of-way, which involved a great deal of earthwork due to the mountainous terrain. Building the highway required the acquisition of homes, farms, and a coal mine by eminent domain.
Fortress Rosecrans is a large earthwork fortification built in 1863 under the direction of Union General James Morton. The Fortress was given its name in honor of William Rosecrans, Commander of the Army of the Cumberland. The largest fort built during the American Civil War, it encompassed an area of and had a perimeter of . Built following the Battle of Stones River, the Fortress originally included eight lunettes, four redoubts, a sawmill, magazines, and soldier's barracks.
The Romans built an aqueduct to supply the town with water. It was rediscovered in 1900 as the remains of a channel cut into the chalk and contouring round the hills. The source is believed to be the River Frome at Notton, about upstream from Dorchester. Near the town centre is Maumbury Rings, an ancient British henge earthwork converted by the Romans for use as an amphitheatre, and to the north west is Poundbury Hill, another pre- Roman fortification.
The first burial mounds were built at this time. Political power began to be consolidated, as the first platform mounds at ritual centers were constructed for the developing hereditary political and religious leadership. By 400 the Late Woodland period had begun with the Baytown culture, Troyville culture, and Coastal Troyville during the Baytown Period and were succeeded by the Coles Creek cultures. Where the Baytown peoples built dispersed settlements, the Troyville people instead continued building major earthwork centers.
Highbury Hill in Clutton, Somerset, England is the site of the earthwork remains of an Iron Age univallate hillfort. It occupies an area of woodland at the end of a narrow ridge. It is a Scheduled Ancient Monument, meaning that it is a nationally important archaeological site or historic building, given protection against unauthorised change. The site lies in an area of woodland at the south eastern end of a narrow ridge with steep slopes around it.
Farm road to Butterwick Moor Farm Butterwick is a small village in County Durham, England. It is situated a short distance to the south east of Fishburn. Butterwick is first mentioned in 1131, when it is called "Boterwyck" meaning the butter or dairy farm. The West, South and East Butterwick Farms of today are the surviving remains of this small medieval village, the earthwork remains of which still survive in and around the modern farm buildings.
Fort Leavenworth from Fort Sully Fort Sully was an earthwork artillery battery built on the plateau of Hancock Hill, the highest hill west of Fort Leavenworth, in September and October 1864. Its purpose was to boost the defenses of Fort Leavenworth in case Confederate forces under Maj. Gen. Sterling Price attempted to overrun the area. Price spent all of September and most of October in Missouri on an expedition to occupy that state (see Price's Raid).
Frederick Henry arrived before Maastricht on 10 June with 17,000 infantry and 4,000 cavalry. This included some veteran English and French troops, who were to play a significant role in the siege. He at once began to dig lines of circumvallation and contravallation. These were earthwork fortifications that ran all the way round the town and were built to protect the besiegers' camps against sorties made by the garrison or attacks from a force outside the town.
During the Iron Age the henge's bank was added to and the ditch recut, with a timber platform built over it. The site was scheduled in 1928 as a prehistoric fort. Richard Bradley identified the monument as a henge in 1990. Although the site had been recognised as a henge some decades before, this information did not make its way into official records, and Pict's Knowe was classed as an 'earthwork' by the National Monuments Record of Scotland.
Newark Castle was originally a Saxon fortified manor house founded by King Edward the Elder. In 1073, Robert Bloet, Bishop of Lincoln, founded an earthwork motte-and-bailey fortress on the site. The river bridge was built about this time under a charter from Henry I, as was St Leonard's Hospital. The bishop also gained from the king a charter to hold a five-day fair at the castle each year, and under King Stephen to establish a mint.
The Battle of the Yellow Ford was fought in County Armagh on 14 August 1598, during the Nine Years' War in Ireland. An English army of about 4,000, led by Henry Bagenal, was sent from the Pale to relieve the besieged Blackwater Fort. Marching from Armagh to the Blackwater, the column was routed by a Gaelic Irish army under Hugh O'Neill of Tyrone. O'Neill's forces divided the English column and a large earthwork stalled its advance.
Betchworth (or Beechworth among other forms) Castle was the seat of the manor of West Betchworth and was held by Richard de Tonbridge at the time of the Domesday Survey. It started as an earthwork fortress built by Robert Fitz Gilbert in the 11th century. It was granted in 1373 to Richard FitzAlan, 3rd or 10th Earl of Arundel. His son Sir John FitzAlan, Earl Marshall of England, turned it into a stone castle in 1379.
Historic photo of county courthouse in Mayersville Historic photo of blacksmith Native Americans had lived in this area since prehistoric times. The Mayersville Archeological Site, added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980, is on privately owned land. It contains the remains of earthwork mounds constructed primarily in the Mayersville phase (A.D. 1200-1400) of the earlier Mississippian culture. A 1950 survey by Philip Phillips of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology reported eleven ancient mounds.
The Starkville area has been inhabited for over 2100 years. Artifacts in the form of clay pot fragments and artwork dating from that time period have been found east of Starkville at the Herman Mound and Village site, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The village site can be accessed from the Indian Mound Campground. The earthwork mounds were made by early Native Americans of moundbuilder cultures as part of their religious and political cosmology.
Letchworth Mounds Archaeological State Park is a 188.2 acreLetchworth Mounds Approved Management Plans Florida State Park that preserves the state's tallest prehistoric, Native American ceremonial earthwork mound, which is high. It is estimated to have been built 1100 to 1800 years ago. This is one of three major surviving mound complexes in the Florida Panhandle. It is believed to have been built by the Weedon Island Culture (200-800 CE), Native Americans who lived in North Florida.
It was during one of these periods that the priory closed. The last Prior was known in 1361, but by 1394 the church and manor had been sold to St. Anne's Priory, Coventry bringing the priory to an end. Pevsner was dismissive about the Priory, saying that Brooke Priory was the only monastery in Rutland as "Edith Weston hardly counts as one". The earthwork remains of the probable location are now below the waters of Rutland Water.
While the two had many similarities, the distinctive ceremonial earthwork mounds constructed in the former's centers were not part of the culture of the latter. The first permanent European-American settlement, Harrod's Town, was established in 1774. Kentucky was the 15th U.S. state, admitted to the Union on June 1, 1792, after the American Revolutionary War. Kentucky was initially neutral in the American Civil War, but joined the Union side after a Confederate invasion in 1861.
He decided to strengthen the defences to the north of Lisbon by taking advantage of the hilly topography of that area. In October 1809, he ordered the building of the Lines of Torres as a system of fortifications, redoubts, escarpments, dams and other interventions. In total there were 152 works, which were all numbered and the Fort of Subserra was No. 114. It was a small, irregular pentagonal earthwork, well capped with stone, much of which is still visible.
The ancient Native American settlement of Kituwa (also spelled Kituwah, Keetoowah, Kittowa, Kitara and other similar variations) or giduwa (Cherokee:ᎩᏚᏩ), on the Tuckasegee River, is claimed by the Cherokee people as their original settlement. An earthwork mound, built about 1000 CE, marks a ceremonial site here. The Cherokee identify Kituwa as one of the "seven mother towns" in their former homeland of the American Southeast. This site is in Swain County, North Carolina, in the Great Smoky Mountains.
Winslow-King wrote many of the songs, a mix of classical string quartet music and songwriting, with his ex- girlfriend, the musician Ji Un Choi. In 2007, Winslow-King moved back to New Orleans and released his self-titled debut via Earthwork on his own imprint, Fox on a Hill. His 2009 record, Old/New Baby, was recorded at Preservation Hall and was distributed by EMusic. American Songwriter named it one of 2009's Top 10 Record.
In the past locals would erect a maypole on the earthwork, around which childless couples would dance to promote fertility. According to folk belief, a woman who sleeps on the figure will be blessed with fecundity, and infertility may be cured through sexual intercourse on top of the figure, especially the phallus. In 1808, Dorset poet William Holloway published his poem "The Giant of Trendle Hill", in which the Giant is killed by the locals by piercing its heart.
The ruins of Brampton Bryan Castle are on a floodplain south of the River Teme, north of the church. From this site the castle guarded an important route from Ludlow along the Teme Valley to Knighton and on into Central Wales. The area has been important since Roman times and the village is a few miles west of Leintwardine - an important Roman site. The current buildings include the ruined earthwork and buried remains of the quadrangular castle.
It was originally an irregularly shaped unrevetted earthwork consisting of two batteries linked by a rampart. The first battery had two faces forming an angle towards the river, while the second smaller battery had a straight front. It was protected on the riverside by a flat-bottomed ditch within which was a pallisade made of timber standing about high. The two batteries were armed with fifteen heavy guns (24 and 32 pdrs.) which fired through embrasures.
The last building works were completed in about 1820. A maze of tunnels, used to move ammunition around the fort, were dug into the chalk cliffs. A second gun battery, 'Townsend Redoubt', was built at the northeastern corner of the dockyard at the same time as Fort Amherst. Both forts were inside the 1756 brick-lined earthwork bastions known as the "Cumberland Lines", which surrounded the whole east side of the dockyard down to St Mary's Island.
William Miller: London. (Facsimile edition published by EP Publishing/Wiltshire County Library, 1975) South of the long barrow lies a mortuary enclosure; this rectangular neolithic earthwork, now ploughed out, was discovered by aerial photography and excavated in 1959. Legal protection for many of the barrows was introduced in 1925 when they were designated a scheduled monument. The area was designated a World Heritage Site in 1987, since which excavation of any sort has been even more strictly controlled.
Renhold Castle also known as Howbury, earthwork at Water End Farm, was a medieval castle located in the village of Renhold, in the hundred of Barford, in the county of Bedfordshire, England. Renhold Castle was a timber motte-and- bailey castle, encased by a moat. It was located 4 miles east of Bedford Castle and a mile south of Great Barford Castle. Only earthworks remain at the site, which is a Scheduled Monument protected by law.
Poverty Point State Historical Site (; 16 WC 5) is a prehistoric earthwork constructed by the Poverty Point culture. The Poverty Point site is located in present-day northeastern Louisiana though evidence of the Poverty Point culture extends throughout much of the Southeastern Woodlands. The culture extended across the Mississippi Delta and south to the Gulf Coast. The Poverty Point site has been designated as a U.S. National Monument, a U.S. National Historic Landmark, and UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Instead he stayed in Georgia and later in 1864 commanded a camp near Macon where dismounted cavalrymen, stragglers and shirkers were organized into infantry.The War of the Rebellion : a compilation of the official records of the Union and Confederate armies. I-XVL-2, pp. 658–659 When the area was evacuated in late 1864 Tyler returned to West Point as commander of Fort Tyler, a small square earthwork with two field guns and a large 32-pounder gun.
In 1807 Madocks obtained a Private Act of Parliament permitting him to complete the reclamation of Traeth Mawr.1 August 1807 - 47 George III Cap. 71 Between 1808 and 1811 an embankment called "the Cob" was constructed from the island of Ynys Towyn (now part of Porthmadog) to Boston Lodge in the Meirionnydd. The massive stone-lined earthwork was long, wide at the bottom, tapering to at the top, which was above the level of the river.
The summit of Snowdon, the highest mountain in Wales Depiction of the Vale of Towy, Carmarthenshire Wales is located on the western side of central southern Great Britain. To the north and west is the Irish Sea, and to the south is the Bristol Channel. The English counties of Cheshire, Shropshire, Herefordshire and Gloucestershire lie to the east. Much of the border with England roughly follows the line of the ancient earthwork known as Offa's Dyke.
The Fort Hill site is now a park and historic site, with a view of the city and the Kentucky River Valley. The heavily forested Leslie Morris Park preserves the remains of the two Civil War earthwork forts, and is also used for Civil War reenactments. A circa 1810 log house, known as the "Sullivan House," has also been moved to the site. It houses exhibits about Fort Hill and the history of Kentucky's log buildings.
The church, St Michael and All Angels', has a stained-glass window by Charles Kempe, which was removed from Derwent Chapel before it was submerged under the Ladybower Reservoir. Near the church is an earthwork called Camp Green, thought to have been constructed during the Danish occupation. It is also scheduled as a Norman ringwork castle of the 11th/12th century. In the graveyard lies the base and lower shaft of a plain early Saxon cross.
Nico Ditch, an earthwork stretching from Stretford to Ashton-under-Lyne, is evidence of Anglo-Saxon activity in Tameside. It was probably dug between the 7th and 9th centuries and may have been used as a boundary between the kingdoms of Mercia and Northumbria.Nevell (1992), pp. 77-83. Further evidence of Anglo-Saxon era activity in Tameside comes from the derivation of settlement names from Old English such as -tun, meaning farmstead, and leah meaning clearing.
During the latter part of the period, they built earthwork mounds and middens, which showed settlements were becoming more permanent. The Archaic period ended at about 1500 BC, although some Archaic people lived until 700 BC. The Woodland period began around 1500 BC, when new cultural attributes appeared. The people created ceramics and pottery, and extended their cultivation of plants. An early Woodland period group named the Adena people had elegant burial rituals, featuring log tombs beneath earth mounds.
This single platform station, opened in December 1861, was the only stop between Wells and Glastonbury. There is still a 1920s two-storey station house on the site but all traffic ceased through the station on 29 October 1951. One mile north-west of Polsham are the earthwork remains of Fenny Castle, a motte and bailey castle sited on a natural hillock, however since boundary changes were introduced this is now in the parish of Wookey.
Rhys "raised a ditch to give battle", according to Brut y Tywysogion, known as the 'Chronicles of the Princes' in English.Turvey, R. 1997, The Lord Rhys: Prince of Deheubarth. Gomer. p.39. . Although the threat had not materialised, an earthwork topped by a timber castle was built on the site. A motte was constructed at the end of a low ridge running across marshy ground, surrounded on two sides by the confluence of the Dyfi and Einion rivers.
During King George's War (1744–1748), Franklin raised a militia called the Association for General Defense, because the legislators of the city decided to take no action to defend Philadelphia "either by erecting fortifications or building Ships of War". He raised money to create earthwork defenses and buy artillery. The largest of these was the "Association Battery" or "Grand Battery" of 50 guns. In 1747, Franklin (already a very wealthy man) retired from printing and went into other businesses.
Enniskillen in the late 19th century The town's oldest building is Enniskillen Castle, built by Hugh (Maguire) the Hospitable who died in 1428. An earthwork, the Skonce on the shore of Lough Erne, may be the remains of an earlier motte. The castle was the stronghold of the junior branch of the Maguires. The first watergate was built around 1580 by Cú Chonnacht Maguire, though subsequent lowering of the level of the lough has left it without water.
Also built nearby were Fort Clinton, Fort Fish, and Nutter's Battery along the north side of the Pass, remnants of which can still be seen.Central Park website. There was also a gatehouse straddling the road just east of present-day Lasker Rink, near the grid coordinates of 107th Street and Lenox Avenue (formerly Sixth Avenue), where present-day East Drive makes its first downhill switchback. This 1860s route of East Drive was partially constructed over the old earthwork fortifications.
The area has evidence at several sites of ancient Roman and earlier occupation. To the south of the village, along the footpath to Oxton, are the remains of a small Roman marching camp, marked by a small Roman fort. There are no standing remains in the fields, but outlines of the buildings are clearly visible on aerial photos, including the satellite view on Google Maps. One mile south-west of the village is a small oval earthwork.
Another design, a gigantic pyramidal earthwork entitled Monument to the American Plow, was similarly rejected, and his "sculptural landscape" of a playground, Play Mountain, was personally rejected by Parks Commissioner Robert Moses. He was eventually dropped from the program, and again supported himself by sculpting portrait busts. In early 1935, after another solo exhibition, the New York Sun's Henry McBride labeled Noguchi's Death, depicting a lynched African-American, as "a little Japanese mistake".Noguchi, 1968. pp.
Castle Hill The village church is St Chad's, part of the Loveden Deanery of the Diocese of Lincoln. The village public house is the Joiners Arms. At Castle Hill to the north of the village are the earthwork remains of Welbourn Castle, a medieval ringwork. The site was purchased in 1998 by Welbourn Parish Council, with the help of a grant from the Heritage Memorial Fund, and is now maintained as a scheduled monument and community open space.
The large base of the lighthouse includes the earthwork of the Austrian fort. The bottom of structure is covered by stone from Carso (specifically from Gabrie) and the top is covered by stone from Istria (specifically from Vrsar). It weighs about and construction involved the use of of stone (or ), of concrete and of iron. Above the column is a capital and a crow's nest, in which the bronze crystal cage of the lantern is inserted.
The four train shed roofs were carried out by Messrs. Handyside and Co., supervised by a Mr Sherlock, the resident engineer; all the foundations, earthwork and brickwork were carried out by Mowlem & Co. Electric power (for lighting) was supplied from an engine house north of the station. Additional civil works included three iron bridges carrying road traffic over the railway on Skinner, Primrose and Worship Streets. The bridge ironwork was supplied and erected by the Horseley Company.
Its weight caused a landslide on 17 August, in which the masses slid into the fjord. This caused a series of successive smaller slides, each wave originating closer and closer to the railway tracks. All available maintenance of way crew were prescribed from the district. NSB originally operated trains past the section, but eventually chose to evacuate the trains while they ran past the site.Jakobsen (1996): 107 By the afternoon of the 18 August of earthwork had slid out.
The earliest buildings of note included earthwork dykes and rudimentary motte- and-bailey hillside defences. All that remains of these fortifications are foundations that leave archaeological evidence of their existence, though many were built upon to create more permanent defensive structures. The earliest surviving structures within the region are early stone monuments, waypoints and grave markers dating between the 5th and 7th century, with many being moved from their original position to sheltered locations for protection.Newman (1995), p.
A stone celt or axe was found in a drain at Loans.Smith, Page 117 An old field boundary and rig and furrow remnants have been found at Loans.RCAHMS Retrieved : 2012-12-15 In the 1970s a grey flint flake was found in ploughed soil and over forty patinated and unpatinated flint blades were discovered nearby.RCAHMS Retrieved : 2012-12-14 An earthwork is present (NS352323) in a nearby field, but it has been almost entirely ploughed out.
Reconstructed Terramare houses The Terramare, in spite of local differences, is of typical form; each settlement is trapezoidal, with streets arranged in a quadrangular pattern. Some houses are built upon piles even though the village is entirely on dry land and some are not. There is currently no commonly accepted explanation for the piles. The whole is protected by an earthwork strengthened on the inside by buttresses, and encircled by a wide moat supplied with running water.
The name "Grim's Ditch" is Old English in origin. The Anglo-Saxon word dīc was pronounced "deek" in northern England and "deetch" in the south. The method of building this type of earthwork involved digging a trench and forming the upcast soil into a bank alongside it. This practice has resulted in the name dīc being given to either the trench or the bank, and this evolved into two words, ditch and dyke in modern British English.
Some cultures built major earthwork mounds, with evidence of mound-building cultures dating back more than 12,000 years. These mounds have been preserved in three main locations: the Nodena Site, Parkin Archaeological State Park, and Toltec Mounds Archeological State Park. French explorers and colonists encountered the historic Quapaw people in this region, who lived along the Arkansas River and its tributaries. The first European settlement in what became the state was the French trading center, Arkansas Post.
Partially Buried Woodshed (1970) is an earthwork created at Kent State University in Kent, Ohio. The work consisted of a derelict woodshed on campus that he covered with earth until the central beam broke, illustrating the concept of entropy. By 2018, only a mound of dirt and the structure's concrete foundation remain. An informational plaque is located in a small wooded area immediately behind the Liquid Crystal Institute building on the Kent State University main campus.
The fort originally consisted of earthwork, bricks, and ditches. The square-shaped structure included four bastions, nicknamed Smaragd, Perle, Rubin, and Diamant. Initially only the northeastern bastion contained a cavalier and ravelin. Later additions included ravelins along the western and southern fronts, a cavalier along the southwestern bastion, and a covered way along the counterscarp . These additions were possibly completed during the occupation of Königsberg by the Imperial Russian Army in the Seven Years' War (1758–62).
When the Goths found out they attacked the Byzantines who retreated as soon as the trench was deep enough. Witigis had the trench filled with faggots before moving over it. The weight of the tower caused it to sink a little bit into the trench as the faggots were crushed and the earthwork made of the dirt out of the trench which was built behind it stopped the advance entirely. Witigis decided to withdraw taking the tower with him.
On 4 September, they made their appearance before Ft. Beauregard, a considerable earthwork, built for defending the approaches to the town of Harrisonburg. The enemy fled at their approach, abandoning the fort and its guns, though it was capable of making an obstinate resistance. The Seventeenth immediately took possession, capturing three brass six pounders, two thirty-two pound siege guns, and a twenty-four pound howitzer, besides caissons and ammunition. They also capture a large Confederate flag.
The site of a cave used by the highwayman, Humphrey Kynaston now forms part of the Nesscliffe Hill Country Park. One mile south-west are the earthwork remains of Wilcott Castle, a small motte castle. The independent girls' boarding school Adcote is situated in the parish, in the nearby village of Little Ness. The Great Ness parish First World War war memorial, in form of a red sandstone cross, is located in Nesscliffe at the old A5 roadside.
Markers near Swanborough Tump The ancient parishes of Abbots and Bruce, and possibly Bohune, were within Swanborough Hundred. One of the hundred's meeting-places was Swanborough Tump, a low earthwork in the north of Abbots parish, near the boundary with Wilcot. The site, now a scheduled monument, is described in the Victoria County History as a bowl barrow but more recently by Historic England as a medieval construction. The tump was on an important east-west road.
Doll Tor stone circle lies about east of Nine Stones Close. A further north east is Nine Ladies stone circle on Stanton Moor. The Castle Ring defended settlement (immediately north of Harthill Moor Farm) now consists of an oval earthwork ditch (about 5m wide and 100m across) with inner and outer banks, up to 2m high. It hasn't been excavated but it is considered to be an integral part of the Bronze Age landscape of Harthill Moor.
The Blue Lias rubble walling is the only visible structural remains of the castle, which stand on a conical earthwork with a ditch approximately in circumference. The castle was destroyed in the 15th century, which may have been as a penalty for the local Lord Audley's involvement in the Second Cornish Uprising of 1497 led by Perkin Warbeck against the taxes of Henry VII. Some of the stone was used in the building of Stowey Court in the village.
They may be part of a D-shaped construction noted on John Smith's 1612 map. The researchers have determined the ditches dated from about 1400 CE, indicating Virginia Indians had established long-term settlement at this site more than 200 years prior to the English arrival at Jamestown. Earthwork constructions were often integral to ceremonial centers, and these may have defined or separated a sacred area. Continuing discoveries from excavations are helping scholars understand Virginia Indian-European relations.
The Safety Harbor culture is defined by the presence of burial mounds with ceramics decorated with a distinctive set of designs and symbols. Ceramics found elsewhere at Safety Harbor sites (in middens and village living areas) are almost always undecorated. Major Safety Harbor sites had platform, or temple, mounds. The term "temple mound" is based on the description by members of the de Soto expedition of a temple on a constructed earthwork mound in a Safety Harbor village.
The earthwork is surrounded by the remains of coursed stone rampart which is between and high, with an entrance to the west. For most of its circumference it is univallate however where the slope is not so steep on the eastern and southern sides there is a second rampart. The remains of a stone building can be seen within the hillfort, which is likely to have been a charcoal burners hut. It overlooks the River Barle.
The trench-like earthwork were built by the Confederates in 1861. On September 21, 1861 Confederate General Robert E. Lee arrived at Meadow Bluff and assumed command of the Confederate forces then operating in the area under General John B. Floyd. Lee and Floyd occupied the Deitz House as headquarters for two days, at which time he moved his camp to Big Sewell Mountain. Lee returned to the Deitz farm on October 21, remaining until October 29.
During prehistoric times, Pushmataha County was part of the territory during the Middle Woodland period of the Fourche Maline culture. Over time, and possibly through contact with the Middle Mississippian culture to their northeast, the Fourche Maline became the Caddoan Mississippian culture. Their center was at Spiro Mounds, near Spiro, Oklahoma. The elite organized the construction of complex earthwork mounds for burial and ritual ceremonial purposes, arranged around a large plaza that had been carefully graded.
Most of Cales Dale is designated as Open Access Land under the Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000. One Ash Grange Farm The Medieval settlement on the north western slopes of Cales Dale is a Scheduled Monument. The monument consists of earthwork remains from a settlement related to the neighbouring monastic grange at One Ash, which is mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086. In the late 12th century the Cistercian monks of Roche Abbey established the grange.
In addition to the scheduled sites, a range of other archaeological and historic sites are known: ;Hilltop enclosure at Carog: This has Neolithic settlement evidence with a circular defensive ditch dated to 800BC. Also 800-900AD house and domestic artifacts, excavated in 2010.Llanfechell History Society: Cropmarks Accessed 5 May 2012 Location: ;Burial chamber at Foel Fawr: or Stones near Cromlech Farm (It may just be a 'suggestive natural feature'). Location: ;Mynydd Groes Earthwork: a field enclosure, largely cleared.
Bell was so pleased with his mill that he curtailed some of his other area operations and built a home near the site. Today, the diversion tunnel and some "slag" are about all that remain of his mill operation. The Montgomery Bell Tunnel is a Historic Civil Engineering Landmark. Also at the "Narrows of the Harpeth" is a prehistoric site known as Mound Bottom, noted for the complex earthwork constructions built from 950 and occupied into the 15th century.
The name probably comes from the Old English buruh (fortified hill) and brycg (bridge). In the village is Burrow Mump, an ancient earthwork now owned by the National Trust, presented by Major A.C. Barrett in 1946 as a war memorial. Burrow Mump is also known as St Michael's Borough or Tutteyate. It is a natural hill of Triassic sandstone capped by Keuper marl. Excavations showed evidence of a 12th-century masonry building on the top of the hill.
Offa's Dyke Path (Welsh: Llwybr Clawdd Offa) is a long-distance footpath broadly following the Wales–England border. Officially opened on 10 July 1971, by Lord Hunt, it is one of Britain's National Trails and draws walkers from throughout the world. About of the route either follows, or keeps close company with, the remnants of Offa's Dyke, an earthwork, most of which was probably constructed in the late 8th century on the orders of King Offa of Mercia.
Since 2016, the site is closed to visitors, however. The reasons given are the erosion of the earthwork due to visitors walking on it, and conflicts between dogs not kept on lead and grazing sheep (the latter being essential for the conservation of the site). The fort is constructed around an earlier ring ditch, and covers an area of around . The remains consist of a sub-circular enclosure surrounded by an rampart and a similarly sized outer ditch.
Queen's Sconce, Newark on Trent Sconce and Devon Park is a park in Newark, Nottinghamshire, England. It is the location of Queen's sconce, an earthwork fortification that was built in 1646 during the First English Civil War, to protect the garrison of King Charles I based at Newark Castle. It is a listed ancient monument. The park has a visitor centre, local nature reserve and it is part of a civil war trail through the town.
Today parts of the earthwork park pale survive and parts of the former park remain wooded. Forms of the toponym included Ciltestere and Cilcestre in the 13th century, Scilchestre in the 14th century and Sylkchester in the 18th century before it reached its current spelling. The Irish peer Murrough Boyle, 1st Viscount Blesington (1685–1718) bought the manor in 1704 and it remained with his hereditary heirs until the death of William Stewart, 1st Earl of Blessington in 1769.
Site plan Calleva Atrebatum was an Iron Age oppidum and subsequently a town in the Roman province of Britannia and the civitas capital of the Atrebates tribe. Its ruins are beneath and to the west of the parish church, which is itself just within the town wall and about to the east of the modern village. The site covers an area of over within a polygonal earthwork. The earthworks and extensive ruined walls are still visible.
Castlemorton is a village and civil parish close to Malvern in the Malvern Hills District in the county of Worcestershire, England. It consists of a village centre, a large common and many farms and houses within the area. To the south of the village are the earthwork remains of a medieval motte-and- bailey castle.Parishes: Castlemorton - British History Online British History Online Castlemorton Common was once part of the vast Royal hunting grounds of the Malvern Chase.
The station in 1948 with the cutting in the foreground The area where the station is located is built on reclaimed land, as the Åndalsnes side of Isfjorden is sufficiently shallow. The earthwork for the reclaiming was taken from a cutting built to allow the line access to Åndalsnes. The earthwork was transported using temporary gauge railways.Rauma kulturstyre (1994): 37 In 1912, tests were done in the area of the cutting to establish if it should be a cutting or a tunnel. Work with excavation started in 1915,Rauma kulturstyre (1994): 38 with the cutting up to deep.Rauma kulturstyre (1994): 42 It was necessary to move one house to make room for the line through Åndalsnes.Rauma kulturstyre (1994): 39 The station building was built in 1923 and 1924, and had an area of . It cost to build.Rauma kulturstyre (1994): 41 Both the main station building and the auxiliary buildings were designed by Gudmund Hoel of NSB Arkitektkontor, the in-house architecture firm for the Norwegian State Railways, who were responsible for construction.
There is a prehistoric or medieval linear earthwork on Rushall Down, one of several archaeological remains on the Plain. Rushall appears in Domesday Book, as a large settlement of 105 households, with a church, at Rusteselue. Before 1086 it was held by Gytha, the widow of Earl Godwin, or by Harold, her son, but by the time of the survey, it had been given to the Abbey of St. Wandrille. There seems to have been a church present at that time.
Fort Saratoga was one of seven temporary earthwork forts part of the Civil War Defenses of Washington, D.C., during the Civil War built in the Northeast quadrant of the city at the beginning of the Civil War by the Union Army to protect the city from the Confederate Army. From west to east, the forts were as follow: Fort Slocum, Fort Totten, Fort Slemmer, Fort Bunker Hill, Fort Saratoga, Fort Thayer and Fort Lincoln.. Unlike other forts, nothing remains of the structure.
Fort Thayer was one of seven temporary earthwork forts part of the Civil War Defenses of Washington, D.C., during the Civil War built in the Northeast quadrant of the city at the beginning of the Civil War by the Union Army to protect the city from the Confederate Army. From west to east, the forts were as follow: Fort Slocum, Fort Totten, Fort Slemmer, Fort Bunker Hill, Fort Saratoga, Fort Thayer and Fort Lincoln. Unlike other forts, today nothing remains of the structure.
Fort Bunker Hill was one of seven temporary earthwork forts part of the Civil War Defenses of Washington, D.C., during the Civil War built in the Northeast quadrant of the city at the beginning of the Civil War by the Union Army to protect the city from the Confederate Army. From west to east, the forts were: Fort Slocum, Fort Totten, Fort Slemmer, Fort Bunker Hill, Fort Saratoga, Fort Thayer and Fort Lincoln. Unlike other forts, today very little remains of the structure.
An earthwork fort, called Gallants Bower, may subsequently have been built to protect this vulnerable position; an alternative explanation is that the fort was first built in 1627 and was simply brought back into use during the conflict.; In January 1646, Sir Thomas Fairfax led a Parliamentary army to retake Dartmouth. He first took the town, then Gallants Bower, before forcing the surrender of Sir Hugh Pollard, the castle's commander, the following day. The Carews' house was probably badly damaged during the attack.
Animals may also be killed during construction of the infrastructure, earthwork and annual maintenance operations, which may particularly affect slow-moving and burrowing species such as turtles, snakes, and soil fauna. Plant and animal mortality may also be caused by road construction equipment.Goosem, M., Harding, E. K., Chester, G., Tucker, N. and Harriss, C. (2010) Roads in Rainforest: Science Behind the Guidelines. Guidelines prepared for the Queensland Department of Transport and Main Roads and the Australian Government’s Marine and Tropical Sciences Research Facility.
There are the remains of a former entranceway on the southeastern side of the plateau just under 70 metres west of the present day breach in the defences by a forest track. Below the site runs a rough 300 metre long advance rampart and moat which shows evidence of an entrance. This earthwork has a width of around 7 metres and is up to 2 metres high. The moat in front of it is around 4 metres wide and still a metre deep.
There was also a separate fulling mill in the hamlet recorded in 1506. Tregidden Bridge is a Grade II listed structure, and spans the stream that marks the parish boundary between St Martin-in-Meneage and Manaccan parishes. The road approaching the bridge from the south east is banked on its north side by a double-ditch earthwork which is a scheduled monument, possibly constructed to guard the approach to the ford. Tregidden lies within the Cornwall Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB).
At the bottom of the hill in the direction of Lower Morden runs a small brook. A large circular mound in the park has been identified as a possible burial mound from the Iron Age, Roman or Saxon periods. Archaeological investigations were carried out in the 1950s although no conclusive proof as to its date or purpose were found. English Heritage believes that the earthwork was remodelled at some time into a belvedere, or viewing platform, with a spiral path to ascend it.
During its pre-history the area which later became Ripon was under the control of the Brigantes, a Brythonic tribe. Three miles (5 km) north at Hutton Moor there is a large circular earthwork created by them. The Romans did not settle Ripon, but they had a military outpost around five miles (8 km) away at North Stainley. Solid evidence for the origins of Ripon can be traced back to the 7th century, the time of the Anglian kingdom of Northumbria.
The site was eventually abandoned due to continued erosion and the shrinking hilltop. Molavėnų II hill fort was built 400 m upstream in the 12th century on another projection at the confluence of the river Šešuvis and its tributary, the Jaujupis. Only the northeast and east sides were not protected by natural defences and so were instead guarded by a series of four earthworks and four ditches. A 20 m long earthwork with a corresponding ditch was constructed on the southwest slope.
Wylly, p. 414 It sailed on to Kalamita Bay in September 1854Wylly, p. 420 and advanced under heavy Russian fire at the Battle of Alma later that month.Wylly, p. 426 Due to the heavy casualties suffered in this attack the Regimental colours, normally carried by an ensign, were seized by Private James Keenan: he planted them triumphantly on the earthwork of the Great Redoubt.Wylly, p. 429 The regiment lost some 20 officers and some 180 other ranks in the battle.
This was one of the strongholds owned by Robert, Count of Mortain the half brother of William the Conqueror. It was an imposing earthwork hastily constructed to form part of the defence William's new kingdom. Twenty years later, the Domesday Book entry for Alderton shows the name as "Aldrintone" and the Earl of Ferrers as the local lord and lists land for 8 ploughs. Recent archaeological research points to the castle being abandoned in the latter half of the 14th century.
Later, in the early medieval period, a large figure-of-eight shaped earthwork was raised on this site. It was a large round enclosure, with a smaller round enclosure joined to it, marked by a bank and ditch. Within each enclosure was a small stone building and a souterrain. It is suggested that Rathnew at this time was a place of royal and religious gatherings, and may have served as a royal residence of the kings of Meath during these gatherings.
To the west of the castle is a broken earthwork dam which would have flooded the valley to the south of the castle. With the River Wye to the north the fortress would have been surrounded by water on all sides except for the east. As such it would have been a very difficult fortress to take by storm. Clifford Castle is within the grounds of a family home and has limited public access on dates published on the Clifford Castle website.
Nanih Waiya (alternately spelled Nunih Waya)Swanton 2001, pg. 25. is an ancient platform mound earthwork in southern Winston County, Mississippi, constructed by indigenous people during the Middle Woodland period, about 300 to 600 CE. Since the 17th century, the Choctaw have venerated Nanih Waiya mound and nearby cave as their sacred origin location. The mound of Nanih Waiya is about tall, wide, and long. Evidence suggests it was originally a larger platform mound, which has eroded into the present shape.
Wimble Toot is generally interpreted as a typical bowl barrow dating to the Bronze Age,Historic England 2017. between 2600 and 700 BC.Historic England 2015. Today the site forms a circular earthwork, across and high, with a ditch on the north-west and south-east sides, on the top of a ridge, overlooking a brook which runs into the River Cary and the old Roman road of the Fosse Way.Wimble Toot, National Monuments Record, accessed 19 July 2011; Prior, p.92.
While it does not charge tuition, students are responsible for paying yearly fees. Twelve campus buildings have been designated as U.S. National Historic Landmarks. Haskell is home to the Haskell Cultural Center and Museum, the American Indian Athletic Hall of Fame, the Indian Leader, the oldest American Indian student newspaper in the country, and numerous student clubs and organizations. Faculty and students built the Haskell Medicine Wheel Earthwork in 1992, and the Haskell-Baker Wetlands are important for migrating birds.
After came construction in Montreal, then Fort Ticonderoga and Fort Frontenac. He was then given command of Fort Niagara which he enlarged and provided with new earthwork defences (he was also based briefly at Fort Rouillé in 1757, a settlement that eventually ended in British hands and is now known as Toronto). In October 1757, he was removed from his command at Fort Niagara and rejoined his regiment in Montreal. He was dispatched again as commander of Fort Niagara in March, 1759.
The survey was particularly detailed and names a number of individuals such as Arkil, Ralph and William the Headborough. Bishop Middleham was one of the favourite residences of the Bishops of Durham, two of whom died here. The residence of the Bishops now only survives as earthwork remains. By the late 14th century the Bishop of Durham appears to have no longer used the Castle as a residence and the buildings and land were let out at first to his bailiff.
There are no ruins visible today, and the site consists of nothing more than a large D-shaped moat and earthwork, barely perceptible from nearby roads. The only investigations into the site took place during World War II when the Home Guard discovered thirteenth-century pottery while digging a bunker, and a later fieldwalking expedition from a local school. It has been reported that some of the stone from the castle was used to build part of the church porch at nearby Holbeach.
Archeological artifacts provide evidence of Native Americans inhabiting Central Arkansas for thousands of years before Europeans arrived. The early inhabitants may have been the Folsom people, Bluff Dwellers, and Mississippian culture peoples who built earthwork mounds recorded in 1541 by Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto. Historical tribes of the area were the Caddo, Quapaw, Osage, Choctaw, and Cherokee. Little Rock was named for a stone outcropping on the bank of the Arkansas River used by early travelers as a landmark.
Keyes and Orr surveyed a territory of extensive prehistoric earthwork mounds in northeastern Iowa. They established its significance and gained establishment by Congress in 1949 of the Effigy Mounds National Monument to protect these historic and cultural resources. Orr donated "most of his writings and much of his American Indian artifact collection to the national monument.""Ellison Orr", History and Culture, Effigy Mounds National Monument; accessed 16 July 2016 In 1951 Keyes proposed the Iowa Archeological Society, which colleagues founded that year.
It is also likely that the barbican was captured and destroyed at this time. On a hill just to the north of the castle lies a small circular earthwork. It is known today as "Danes' Castle", but from the 12th century until the 16th it was called "New Castle". It was thought to be an outwork of Rougemont Castle, built to defend its northern side, but following excavation in 1992 it is now believed to have been built by Stephen during his siege.
In 1934 the civil parishes of Alton Barnes and Alton Priors were abolished and merged to form the new civil parish of Alton. In 1086 the Domesday Book records Edward of Salisbury as holder of the manor of Alton Barnes. The Ridgeway, an ancient trackway, passes through Alton Barnes (although this section is not part of the Ridgeway National Trail, which begins further north). The Wansdyke, an early medieval earthwork, crosses the north of the parish on the Marlborough Downs.
Southern Terminal Redoubt is a historic archaeological site located at Newport News, Virginia. It is a uniquely intact component that represents the southern end of General John B. Magruder's defensive Warwick Line. It is a relatively small defensive earthwork that constitutes one of the few surviving and undisturbed remnants of the 1862 Peninsula Campaign in Virginia. It is representative of a major military feat significant to the outcome of the American Civil War and exemplifies diverse types of defensive adaptation.
Bronygarth lies on Offa's Dyke, the massive earthwork constructed in the late 8th century by Offa, King of Mercia, as a boundary between Saxon Mercia and Celtic Wales. The section of the dyke between Castle Mill and Craignant remains well preserved. Although the dyke passed directly through Bronygarth, the area remained strongly Welsh in culture, customs and language. Settlements were mainly in the valley, along the banks of the River Ceiriog, but with a small number of farms extending higher up the mountainside.
A few earthwork dykes are the only structural relics in the Rhondda area from this period. No carved stones or crosses exist to indicate the presence of a Christian shrine. In the Early Middle Ages, communities were split between bondmen, who lived in small villages centred on a court or llys of the local ruler to whom they paid dues, and freemen, with higher status, who lived in scattered homesteads. The most important village was the mayor's settlement or maerdref.
Wu, House and Garden, vol. I, p. 9, 13, 15; Kouwenhoven, p. 229 Johanson's move from making objects to working with the natural world—at first in drawings and later in actual commissions—has parallels (as well as differences) with the emergence of Earthworks by artists in her circle of friends, such as Robert Smithson and Nancy Holt.Wu, House and Garden, vol. I, p. 21; Munro, “Earthwork Odyssey,’‘ pp. 30-31 The similarity is working large- scale with the land itself.
Fort York () is an early 19th-century military fortification in the Fort York neighbourhood of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The fort was used by the British Army and the Canadian militia for its garrisons, and to defend the entrance of the Toronto Harbour. The fort features stone-lined earthwork walls and eight historical buildings within them, including two blockhouses. The fort forms a part of Fort York National Historic Site, a that includes the fort, Garrison Common, military cemeteries, and a visitor centre.
Some dispute exists as to whether the party landed on February 14 or March 14, based on a discrepancy in Chouteau's narrative. Most historians ascribe Chouteau's date as an error. The next day, February 15, Chouteau directed the men to start clearing and founded the European city of St. Louis.Christian, 36-7. (It was on a site long occupied by indigenous tribes, as demonstrated by the numerous massive earthwork mounds left from the Mississippian culture of the 9th-12th century.)Stevens, 23.
Located atop Prospect Hill was Fort Albany, a civil war fort established as part of the original defenses of Washington. Although no remains of the fort exist, the location is a designated Arlington County historic site. A sign here reads: > Immediately to the northwest stood Fort Albany, a bastioned earthwork built > in May, 1861, to command the approach to the Long Bridge by way of the > Columbia Turnpike. It had a perimeter of 429 yards and emplacements for 12 > guns.
These received earthwork walls to protect them for enemy fire. A radio station at Finnset received two antennas and was manned with between two and five people at any time.Brovold: 30 The air defense consisted of a 20 mm gun situated just south of Reitbakken, as well as machine gun positions in Øyberget. The airfield was also covered by the artillery position between Nypan and Kvammen, which had an 88 mm gun, a 10.5 cm gun and a 12.8 cm gun.
The hoard was discovered in a field on 25 July 2000 by John and David Philpotts, using metal detectors. It had been buried in a flagon made from the pottery known as Alice Holt pottery. The hoard was named after the former Stanchester villa, a nearby Roman villa with which the hoard was likely to have been associated, along with the Wansdyke earthwork. Excavations of the Stanchester villa in 1931 and 1969, revealed a wall and evidence for a Roman central heating system.
Roman town The Rectory and Parish Church in 1912 The earliest recorded settlement was a Roman fort ca 44 AD.Roman fort Great Casterton at www.roman-britain.org/ A civilian settlement developed which was later a walled town and the defences are still apparent. Archaeological excavations have been conducted on the town, a villa near the Gwash and burials including early Anglo-Saxons. Two miles north of the town are the earthwork remains of Woodhead Castle, a medieval moated ringwork with attached bailey.
Folk tales associated with "fairy fort"s typically relate a curse or retribution enacted upon those who would disturb or destroy the structures. For example, one story, suggests that a man who had engaged workmen to level an earthwork fairy fort at Dooneeva (County Clare) simply fell dead. His wife, a "white witch" reputedly brought him back to life magically. Other folk tales relate to the taking of farm animals or people (typically women or children) by the reputed occupants of fairy forts.
St Anne's fort Built in 1570. Located in the northwest corner of the town where the Fisher Fleet joined the Ouse, it was the major fortification in Lynn until replaced by defences outside the town in 1839. It was originally just an earthwork platform for cannons, some buildings, a section of wall and a gate giving access to the Fisher Fleet. In 1625 pirate raids on Lynn led to the town petitioning the King for 12 guns for the battery.
Sandsfoot Castle, also known historically as Weymouth Castle, is an artillery fort constructed by Henry VIII near Weymouth, Dorset. It formed part of the King's Device programme to protect against invasion from France and the Holy Roman Empire, and defended the Weymouth Bay anchorage. The stone castle had an octagonal gun platform, linked to a residential blockhouse, and was completed by 1542 at a cost of £3,887. Earthwork defences were built around the landward side of the castle, probably in 1623.
Horbling is the site of a probable Romano-British settlement, centred around the present Fen Drove and Fen Farm, on Horbling Fen to the east, where has been found earthwork evidence of rectilinear enclosures, and watercourses. Large quantities of Roman Samian ware and roof tiles have also been discovered. Cox noted that on the right hand side of road from Billingborough to Horbling is a tumulus, probably of pre-historic origin.Cox, J. Charles (1916) Lincolnshire pp. 168, 169, 170; Methuen & Co. Ltd.
Circle 2 is in diameter, with a bank up to 6 m wide and high, and the ditch is up to deep. There are three gaps present in this earthwork, and the one to the north-north-east is possibly an original feature. Within circle 2 is a possible ovoid barrow mound measuring , and high. Circle 3 is up to across, with a bank up to 1 m high and wide, and ditch up to 1 m deep and wide.
The "obsolete" (1874) cannon battery was included on a 1922 map of Battery Ward. The fort had its origins in the Civil War period. Camp Wightman, a Civil War training camp, was located on the island in 1861. At the end of the Civil War, the state government decided to name a new battery on Long Island for the old Fort Strong, a Revolutionary War and War of 1812 earthwork which had been located in East Boston on Noddle's Island.
By nightfall the Yuan invasion force had forced the Japanese off the beach with a third of the defending forces dead, driven them several kilometres inland, and burnt Hakata. The Japanese were preparing to make a last stand at Mizuki (water castle), an earthwork moat fort dating back to 664. However the Yuan attack never came. One of the three commanding Yuan generals, Liu Fuxiang (Yu-Puk Hyong), was shot in the face by the retreating samurai, Shoni Kagesuke, and seriously injured.
The term hill-slope enclosure describes a type of late prehistoric earthwork found across South West England and also in Wales. Normally formed from a single bank, or ditch and bank, enclosing an area of less than 1 hectare, and not on the summit of a hill. They are often found on a spur of a larger hill or range of hills. The original purpose of the hill-slope enclosure is obscure but it is thought that they were not primarily defensive structures.
Odd Down is an area of the city of Bath, Somerset, England. St. Martins church, Odd Down photographed in January 2006 A suburb of the city, Odd Down is located west and south of the city centre. The city ward population taken at the 2011 census was 5,681. A section of the Wansdyke medieval earthwork in Odd Down, which has been designated as an Ancient monument, appears on the Heritage at Risk Register as being in unsatisfactory condition and vulnerable due to gardening.
The Ohio Historical Society conducted an archaeological excavation of the site from 1920–1922, followed by reconstruction of the mounds. "Mound City Group", Hopewell Culture National Historical Park, National Park Service, accessed 23 Sep 2009 In 1923, the Department of Interior declared the Mound City Group a National Monument, to be administered by the Federal government. In 1992, Mound City Group was renamed and expanded as Hopewell Culture National Historical Park. Its definition included remnants of four other nearby earthwork and mound systems.
The Ohio Historical Society also maintains a number of mound systems and elaborate earthworks in the southern Ohio area, including the National Historic Landmarks of Fort Ancient, Newark Earthworks, and Serpent Mound. Fifteen mound complexes earlier identified in the county have been lost to agriculture or urban development. The national park contains nationally significant archaeological resources, including large earthwork and mound complexes. These provide insight into the sophisticated and complex social, ceremonial, political, and economic life of the Hopewell people.
The Ancient Mounds of Poverty Point: Place of Rings. Gainesville, Florida: University Press of Florida, pp. 100-103. Archaeologists such as Sherwood Gagliano and Edwin Jackson support the interpretation that Poverty Point was a site where groups came to meet and trade on an occasional basis. Gibson believes there is evidence of too much rubbish left by original inhabitants for only occasional habitation, and that it would be implausible to build for such a massive earthwork for use only as a trading center.
Opening in old earthwork marking boundary between Siegerland and Wenden near Hünsborn By the end of the Middle Ages people in the Siegerland fenced off their territory with a combination of trenches, earthworks and dense hedgerows. That part which touches the district of Olpe is called the "Kölsches Heck" ("Cologne hedge"). The "Kölsches Heck" also marks a boundary between two languages High German and Low German. After the Reformation it came to mark the border between areas of different faiths.
The oldest visible part of Wollaston is known as Beacon Hill, an ancient castle earthwork or burial mound which once belonged to Bury Manor. The mound was once surrounded by a great ditch which dates back to the 12th century. A wall plaque records that this was the site of a Norman motte-and-bailey castle. In 1260 William de Bray secured a charter from Henry III to hold an annual Michaelmas fair and a weekly market to be held on a Tuesday.
Construction of the remedy for OU-1 (soil) began in September 2007, and the earthwork portion of the project was completed in January 2010 (1). More than 500,000 cubic yards of contaminated soil were buried in a lined containment cell on site (1). The remaining construction activities include establishing vegetation, replacing a sewer line, and treating water draining from the containment cell (1). Approximately 10.2% of the total cost of the cleanup was funded by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA)(1).
The hamlet is also the site of Bridgefoot Quarry and Grange Farm, which was damaged by a fire in June 2009. The Anglo-Saxon earthwork of Bran Ditch runs east of the hamlet, but has been mostly ploughed out. The A505 at Flint Cross has seen a number of traffic accidents. A road safety scheme was implemented in October 2010 following a local campaign; however, a proposed reduction in the road's speed limit to 50 mph was not initially included.
The valley was an important place of worship in prehistoric times and it houses a number of important scheduled monuments dating back to Neolithic times.Northern Earth Journeys in Living Landscapes Rudston is the centre of a prehistoric landscape and four Neolithic cursus converge on the village area. Argham Dyke, a prehistoric earthwork dating from the Bronze Age, crosses the area near Rudston. There is also evidence of Iron Age occupation as revealed by aerial photographs showing traces of fields, trackways and farms.
The name Thurso means "Thor's River" and was named by the Vikings. There was a castle at Thurso East, which served as a residence of the earls of Orkney and Caithness, and it is probably the earthwork structure which was recorded in 1157 as the Thorsa castle. A fire gutted it in the early 16th century, and no vestige of it remains. The Arch, also known as Thurso Castle, was built in 1665 by George Sinclair, 6th Earl of Caithness.
However, first Australia made locomotive was also prepared for usage. The Ariel locomotive built in Geelong in 1856 was in use until the 1890s. Also in late 1855, four miles of the permanent line from Cowies Creek station to Geelong station was completed and the accommodation at the terminus were almost finished the building process. On the southern side of the line, ten miles of earthwork was completed, which was from Geelong station and Duck Ponds, and ready for trial.
During the Roman conquest of Britain, the Roman military built a campaign fort here between 43–84 CE. It was located in a bend of the River Severn at Llwyn-y-Brain, east of the present-day village of Caersws (located at ). The fort, which was much larger than other campaign forts of this type, was built of earth and timber. Three parallel lines of surviving defence (ditches) have been identified with an entrance way in the centre with an outer earthwork .
For thousands of years, varying indigenous cultures lived in this area along the Etowah River. Starting near the end of the first millennium, Mound Builders of the Mississippian culture settled in this area; they built earthwork mound structures at nearby Etowah in present-day Bartow County, and large communities along the Etowah River in neighboring Cherokee County. They disappeared about 1500CE. Members of the Iroquoian-speaking Cherokee Nation migrated into the area from the North, possibly from the Great Lakes area.
At the top of Athgoe hill there is a circular earthwork described as "Raheen" on maps (the little rath), although it is possibly a Bronze Age barrow. Athgoe Castle (completed in 1579 by the Locke family) is a prominent landmark. The small post-medieval bridge spanning the stream is known locally as Miley's bridge. In the documentary records, the earliest mention of Athgoe is in the 13th century when a document is witnessed by one Thomas De Agdoo in 1250.
The dyke is one of the shorter of several earthworks in south Cambridgeshire designed to control movement along the ancient Roman roads. The others are Devil's Dyke, Fleam Dyke and Brent Ditch. Black Ditches, Cavenham is a fifth earthwork guarding the ancient Icknield Way and can be found in Suffolk just north west of Bury St Edmunds. Much of the substance of Bran Ditch has been lost over time and it is the least preserved and least impressive of the five structures.
The original railway line past Smørstein opened on 13 October 1881,Bjerke (1994): 162 following a route which ran closer to the fjord. During construction in 1880 the area had experienced a landslide which had nearly taken with it the permanent way.Jakobsen (1996): 110 In August 1918 the Norwegian State Railways (NSB) was working on building a level crossing at Smørstein as part of a realignment of a road. The earthwork from the construction was piled up close to the fjord.
The earthwork remains can be seen to the south and south-east side of the parish church. The most noticeable feature is a hollow way that runs from north to south from the river Cherwell up to the west of the church. On either side of this hollow way can be made out closes but most have been damaged by later agricultural activities. At the north end of the hollow way the definite site of a dwelling can be made out.
Robert Smithson, Broken Circle/Spiral Hill, Emmen, the Netherlands In 1971 he created Broken Circle/Spiral Hill for the exhibition for the Sonsbeek'71 art festival at Emmen, the Netherlands. The subject of the 1971 Sonsbeek exhibition was Beyond Lawn and Order (Dutch: Buiten de perken). The Broken Circle earthwork was built in a quarry lake 10-to-15 feet deep. It was 140 feet in diameter, with the canal 12 feet wide, and built of white and yellow sand.
In the seasons away from the cave, the natives probably joined other groups at summer villages larger than those of the Archaic period. These changes occurred in groups throughout the eastern United States and marked the beginning of the Woodland period. During this period, the people built earthwork burial mounds, the population increased, and trade became important. Changes in the shape and style of artifacts at Russell Cave during the Woodland period serve as a basis for identifying cultural subdivisions within the period.
The building externally is in a weathered and poor condition with erosion to the faces of the earthwork, particularly on the western side, where there is extensive vertical structural cracking. Evidence of earlier painted surfaces remain under the protection of the narrow eaves. Internally, the ground floor is timber boarded and the walls generally exposed earth. A low attic space is accessed by ladder and has a timber boarded floor on large round timber bearers that partially project through the external eroded walls.
It was named after the former Wansdyke district, itself named after the Wansdyke, a historical earthwork. The constituency was located between the cities of Bristol and Bath, including the towns of Keynsham, Midsomer Norton, Radstock and Saltford, as well as the Chew Valley to the south of Bristol. It also covered parts of South Gloucestershire to the east of Bristol, including Bitton, Longwell Green and Oldland Common. At the 2010 general election the seat was replaced with a new North East Somerset constituency.
The war memorial in Maesteg town centre. Before the development of industry in the 1820s, the Llynfi Valley was a sparsely populated area of scattered farms. The nearest settlement was the village of Llangynwyd located on the hillside about two miles south of the present-day town centre of Maesteg. Close to Llangynwyd is an extensive earthwork known as Y Bwlwarcau ("the bulwarks"), an Iron Age enclosure that is probably a remnant of the earliest settlement in the Llynfi district.
Earthwork remains of Cippenham Moat Cippenham Moat refers to the remains of a 13th Century Royal Palace created by King Henry III, located in the Cippenham suburb of Slough, in Berkshire. The area where the Palace once stood is still referred to and marked on maps as Cippenham Moat.Cippenham Richard, 1st Earl of Cornwall - brother to Henry III - had his honeymoon here, and later created a deer park. By 1575, however, Saxton's map shows the parks at Windsor and Langley, but not Cippenham.
Earthworks at Ruborough Camp Iron Age sites in the Quantocks include major hill forts at Dowsborough and Ruborough, as well as several smaller earthwork enclosures, such as Trendle Ring and Plainsfield Camp. Ruborough near Broomfield is on an easterly spur from the main Quantock ridge, with steep natural slopes to the north and south east. The fort is triangular in shape, with a single rampart and ditch (univallate), enclosing . A linear outer work about away, parallel to the westerly rampart, encloses another .
He took up position north of St Albans astride the main road from the north (the ancient Roman road known as Watling Street), where he set up several fixed defences, including cannon and obstacles such as caltrops and pavises studded with spikes.Michael Hicks, The Wars of the Roses: 1455-1485, (Osprey, 2003), 37. Part of his defences used the ancient Belgic earthwork known as Beech Bottom Dyke. Warwick's forces were divided into three "Battles","battaglia" in Rome were an ancestor.
To the rear of Tavern Way is a field containing a scheduled ancient monument, a medieval earthwork of an unknown date. The most notable person to have come from Willoughby is John Smith, one of the leaders of the Virginia Colony in North America. He was born and raised in the village, and christened at St Helena's church in 1580. When Smith was 16 years old his father George Smith died and was buried at the same church on 3 April 1596.
Fort Dupont Park is a wooded park under the management of the National Park Service located in Washington, DC. The name of the park comes from the old Civil War earthwork fort that lies within the park. The fort was one of several designed to defend Washington from a Confederate attack during the Civil War. There are few remains of the actual fortifications. It is one of Washington's largest parks and protects an important sub-watershed of the Anacostia River.
Black Dog I was born in 1780 near the Mississippi River and the site of the present-day city of St. Louis, Missouri. His birth name was Zhin-gawa-ca (or Shinka-Wah-Sa), meant Dark Eagle or Sacred Little One. About 1802 his people migrated and settled in the northeastern part of the present state of Oklahoma. His band set up a village they named Pasuga (Big Cedar), located on an ancient earthwork mound built by an earlier indigenous culture.
Castle Hill, at the west end of the village southwest of the church, is the earthwork remains of a Saxon and Norman ringwork castle. The northern part of the ringwork was excavated in 1960 and 1976. Evidence was found suggesting that the first construction on the site was a timber-framed hall about long and a detached stone and timber building, probably built in the late 10th century. They seem to have been an Anglo-Saxon manor house and separate kitchen.
The Cherokee occupied an existing developed site; it has been described as one of the best-preserved South Appalachian Mississippian culture sites in western North Carolina and has an earthwork platform mound. The Mississippian culture flourished from about 1000 to the 14th or 15th century. The site consists of about of rolling fields and hills. The mound was part of the site, which became an important cultural center of the mountain Cherokee who later migrated south and occupied this area.
Chicago archaeologists excavated around this mound, but they chose to exclude it from their list of possible mounds due to a lack of clarity about its identity. Identification of this portion of the site as an artificial earthwork came after Southern Illinois University returned to the site in 2003 to re-excavate the hills that were thought to be possible mounds.Butler, Brian M., and Paul D. Welch. "Mounds Lost and Found: New Research at the Kincaid Site," Illinois Archaeology 17 (2005): 138-153.
One of the forts, constructed on the crest of Myrtle Hill, was named Fort Stovall in honor of fallen Confederate soldier, George Stovall. Other forts, Fort Attaway (named for Thomas Attaway) and Fort Norton (named for Charles Norton), were opposite the location of Fort Stovall. It was described as a bracket-shaped linear earthwork near the top of Myrtle Hill as shown on the map. Its line faced northwest, defending the western approach to Rome as well as the Coosa River.
Nothing of Petriana has survived, the largest visible remains in Cumbria now belong to the fort at Birdoswald - very little of the Wall itself can be seen in Cumbria. Running to the north of the Wall was a ditch, and to the south an earthwork (the Vallum). Initially, forts were maintained on the Stanegate line, but in around 124 AD - 125 AD the decision was taken to build forts on the Wall itself, and the Stanegate ones were closed down.
Castle Hill, Torrington There are two hills named Castle Hill within the immediate environs of Great Torrington in Devon, England. The first is within the town and is the site of the Norman & mediaeval castles, but was probably an Iron Age hill fort before this. The second is a smaller Iron Age earthwork to the South East along the River Torridge which is probably also a small hill fort.R.R.Sellman; Aspects of Devon History, Devon Books 1985 - - Chapter 2; The Iron Age in Devon.
Many different tribal groups and chiefdoms, involving an array of beliefs and unique cultures over thousands of years, built mounds as expressions of their cultures. The general term, "mound builder", covered their shared architectural practice of earthwork mound construction. This practice, believed to be associated with a cosmology that had a cross-cultural appeal, may indicate common cultural antecedents. The first mound building was an early marker of political and social complexity among the cultures in the Eastern United States.
Their food consisted mostly of fish and deer, as well as available plants. Poverty Point, built about 1500 BCE in what is now Louisiana, is a prominent example of Late Archaic mound-builder construction (around 2500 BCE – 1000 BCE). It is a striking complex of more than , where six earthwork crescent ridges were built in concentric arrangement, interrupted by radial aisles. Three mounds are also part of the main complex, and evidence of residences extends for about along the bank of Bayou Macon.
Such strongpoints ironically, sometimes held up much better against European cannon than taller, more imposing structures. In 15th century Benin, the works were more impressive. The walls of the city-state are described as the world's second longest man-made structure, and the series of earthen ramparts as the most extensive earthwork in the world, in the Guinness Book of Records, 1974.Henry Louis Gates, Anthony Appiah, Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience, Basic Civitas Books: 1999, p.
Gorgolewski pleasantly surprised the jury by planning to locate the building in the center of the city, despite the area having been already densely built-up. In order to solve the space problem, he boldly proposed to enclose the Poltva River underground, and instead of using a traditional foundation, utilized a reinforced concrete base for the first time in Europe. In June 1897, the cornerstone was placed. Gorgolewski oversaw construction, earthwork and design, employing the leading stonemasons from the city and beyond.
Shaler Battery was a hilltop earthwork fortification built during the American Civil War in Northern Kentucky by the Union Army to turn back invading Confederate troops. It was constructed to protect Cincinnati and the Ohio River valley. The location of this battery's powder magazine is marked by a bandstand in Evergreen Cemetery in Southgate, Kentucky. Shaler Battery was one of the 28 artillery batteries that were built on northern Kentucky hilltops from 1861 to 1863 for the Defense of Cincinnati.
After Cahokia was abandoned, there were few indigenous inhabitants in the area in the 17th century at the time of first French exploration.Biloine Whiting Young and Melvin L. Fowler, Cahokia: The Great Native American Metropolis, Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2000, p.315 The French made the earliest European settlement in this region of the Mississippi River Valley. They encountered Illiniwek clans called Cahokia, after whom they named the earthwork complex, and Kaskaskia, after whom the French named a river and town.
The history of the state of Mississippi extends to thousands of years of indigenous peoples. Evidence of their cultures has been found largely through archeological excavations, as well as existing remains of earthwork mounds built thousands of years ago. Native American traditions were kept through oral histories; the Europeans recorded accounts of historic peoples they encountered. Since the late 20th century, there have been increased studies of the Native American tribes and reliance on their oral histories to document their cultures.
Ipswich Camp was a former infantry and field artillery coastal defense base camp that existed from between May 1942 and November 1943 in Ipswich, Massachusetts, USA. Company L of the 181st Infantry Regiment was stationed at the camp, alongside Battery B of the 211th Field Artillery Battalion, part of the forces of the Eastern Defense Command for defending the United States. The infantry company patrolled between Newburyport and Lynn, while the field artillery battery was located along several earthwork positions along the coast.
On 5 October 1541 Henry VIII conducted a visit to Hull with the Privy Council, subsequently reaching Barrow Haven by water. The then King of England later travelled by horseback to Thornton Abbey. Between the Barrow Beck (a local stream) and West Hann Lane, lie the remains of a large motte-and-bailey castle, known as Barrow Castle. Built in the Norman style, the two large structures stand with a low motte (a section of raised earthwork) situated between them.
About 9,000 acres (36 km) of the island has been purchased by The Nature Conservancy for permanent protection from development. On the southern, lower end of the island are the remnants of old rice plantations, with the watergates and earthwork canals, built by African slaves skilled in rice culture. Such development was used to manage the water supply for irrigating the rice fields. A small community in the south is made up of a few families who are descendants of former slaves.
Wraxall Camp is a scheduled monument in the parish of Wraxall and Failand in North Somerset, in an upland region of carboniferous limestone. The site is east of Wraxall village and north of Failand village. It is an Iron Age settlement with a raised oval interior about wide on the long axis. There may be traces of ancient agriculture between the camp and Manor Farm to the north, and the earthwork may be connected with the remains of a field system south and southwest of Manor Farm.
The walls of Benin are described as the world's second longest man-made structure, as well as the most extensive earthwork in the world, by the Guinness Book of Records, 1974.Henry Louis Gates, Anthony Appiah, Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience, Basic Civitas Books: 1999, p. 97 Osadolor, pp. 6–294 The walls may have been constructed between the thirteenth and mid-fifteenth century CE or, during the first millennium CE. Strong citadels were also built other in areas of Africa.
Substantial remains of Offa's Dyke (Welsh: Clawdd Offa) can be seen on the western outskirts of Ruabon. This massive earthwork, stretching from Chepstow in the south to Prestatyn in the north, was constructed in the late 8th century by Offa, king of Mercia, as a boundary between Saxon Mercia and Celtic Wales. Traces of an earlier dyke, Wat's Dyke, can be seen on the eastern side of Ruabon. It would be several centuries before the lands to the east of Offa's Dyke would be returned to Wales.
The earthwork is not continuous however it is generally regarded as running from east of Afton Water (NS 6169 1142) near New Cumnock to Burnmouth (NS 8400 0500) in the parish of Durisdeer, having passed through the parishes of New Cumnock, Kirkconnel and Sanquhar. A detached section ran from the site of the old Durisdeer Castle to the Kirk Burn above Durisdeer village, ending short of the Durisdeer Roman fortlet. The dyke follows contours that lie typically from 500 to 900 ft above sea level.
La Grève de Lecq lies on the border between Saint Mary and Saint Ouen. On the east side of the bay, in Saint Mary, lies Le Castel de Lecq, a mediaeval earthwork. In the bay Le Moulin de Lecq, an old watermill, was converted into a residence in 1929 and following the Second World War became a pub, while retaining the wheel and remnants of the gears. The parish stands upon coarse-grained granite, 'of Saint Mary's type', which formed during the lower Palaeozoic period.
The site was excavated in 1899, when the stone fort was revealed. A buttressed granary was found within the north-west angle of the fort. Excavations in 1947 revealed that the stone fort had been built within a slightly larger fort whose clay ramparts had been levelled. It is presumed that the earthwork fort had been added to the initial Turf Wall version of Hadrian's Wall in Cumbria, and that the stone fort replaced it when the Turf Wall was re-built in stone.
The heads of his wounded warriors were severed by members of the government force. But the most ignominious defeat was to come. Amid sleet, snow and driving winds, Te Kooti began preparing an earthwork redoubt at Te Pōrere near Papakai village, about 9 km west of Lake Rotoaira on the lower northwest slopes of Mount Tongariro. The redoubt was built in the form of a European fortification, about 20 metres square, with 3 metre-high walls built of sod and pumice, bound with layers of fern.
What now lies between Brockley Hill and Pennywell includes eight lanes of fast moving traffic, as both the M1 motorway and the A41 Watford Bypass pass through this area. The Eastern end of the Dark Ages linear earthwork known as Grim's Ditch or Grimsdyke is close to Brockley Hill. Bricks were made on the hill in the 18th century. The first hospital on the site of the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital was founded in 1882; the RNOH bought the site and premises in 1920.
The mound probably existed before the 12th century establishment of the adjacent Collow township. The settlement remains of the Legsby hamlet of Holtham, in the 16th century known as Howdome and comprising four families, is defined by crop mark evidence of a moated monastic or manor house, and a ridge and furrow field system. Earthwork remains of a moat, paddocks, ditch, enclosures and trackways were visible in 1846, but were demolished in the 1960s. Collow, north-west from East Torrington,"Collow: TF 1403 8365"; Gridreferencefinder.com.
Also in 2000, she agreed to act as the artist and architect for the Confluence Project, a series of outdoor installations at historical points along the Columbia River and Snake River in the states of Washington and Oregon. It is the largest and longest project that she has undertaken so far. In 2004, Lin completed an earthwork, Eleven Minute Line, in Sweden that was designed for the Wanås Foundation. Lin draws inspiration from the Serpent Mounds (Native American burial mounds) located in her home state, Ohio.
The English Civil War in 1640s saw many town walls pressed back into service, with older medieval structures frequently reinforced with more modern earthwork bastions and sconces. By the 18th century, however, most town walls were falling into disrepair: typically they were sold off and demolished, or hidden behind newer buildings as towns and cities expanded. In the 20th century there was a resurgence in historical and cultural interest in these defences. Those towns and cities that still had intact walls renovated them to form tourist attractions.
87–113 In Irish it is called the Ail na Míreann ("stone of the divisions"), as it is said to have been where the borders of the provinces met. It is nicknamed the Cat Stone, allegedly because it resembles the shape of a sitting cat. Site of Celtic Festival of Bealtaine on the Hill of Uisneach The biggest monument at Uisneach is Rathnew; the remains of a figure-of-eight shaped earthwork. An early medieval road leads towards Rathnew from the foot of the hill.
These monuments include the enormous earthwork known as the Stonehenge Cursus, the Avenue, Woodhenge and Durrington Walls, as well as numerous burial mounds known as barrows. The estate also includes some of the Nile Clumps, large clumps of trees on arable farmland, said to represent ship positions at the Battle of the Nile. This is said to form a large memorial to Horatio Nelson, created by a local landowner after Nelson's death. During the 1970s and 1980s, the estate was the scene of the Stonehenge Free Festival.
The defences Gordon had built with lines of earthwork, mines, and barbed wire presented the Ansar with much difficulty and their attempts to storm Khartoum failed, but the Ansar made good use of their Krupp artillery to gradually batter down the defences. To counter Gordon's armoured streamers, the Mahdi built a series of forts along the Nile equipped with Krupp guns that over time proceeded to make it almost impossible for Gordon's navy to operate. A cartoon of Charles Gordon greeting reinforcements at Khartoum in 1885.
APHE shells are more effective against battlefield sandbag, earthwork or log improvised fortifications and domestic buildings than equivalent-calibre impact detonating HE or fragmentation shells. APHE can be regarded as a useful dual-purpose round in many respects. German Rheinmetall-Borsig evaluation tests on a captured 1-K, during 1941, gave a maximum penetration of up to 42 mm of perpendicular rolled homogenous armour plate at 100 metres with APHE and up to 61 mm of perpendicular hardened carbon steel armour plate at 100 metres with APHE.
The Kolomoki Mounds is one of the largest and earliest Woodland period earthwork mound complexes in the Southeastern United States and is the largest in Georgia. Constructed from 350CE to 600CE, the mound complex is located in southwest Georgia, in present-day Early County near the Chattahoochee River. The mounds were designated as a National Historic Landmark in 1964.Francine Weiss and Cecil McKithan (September 1981) , National Park Service and Seven of the eight mounds are protected as part of Kolomoki Mounds State Historic Park.
The fort was named for Gustavus A. DeRussy, or his father, René Edward DeRussy. It was a trapezoidal earthwork with a perimeter of 190 yards, and places for 13 guns. There were also supporting rifle pits, and abatis in the Rock Creek streambed. The fort provided support during the nearby Battle of Fort Stevens (July 11–12, 1864), contributing a large amount of cannon fire in the course of that battle; the fort's 100-pounder Parrott rifle was particularly effective then, getting off 32 rounds.
The natural catchment has been augmented by catch-drains laid out across the hillside to the south-west, which act to divert spring and rain-water into the reservoir. The present Bonaly Reservoir was created on the site of an existing body of water – known as Bonaly Pools – by the damming of the Dean Burn with a stone- faced earthwork in 1853. It has a capacity of 218 million litres and is 7.5m deep when full.The Call of the Pentlands, by Will Grant pp.
Although little remained of the earthwork at the time of excavation, the barrow measured in diameter and covered a circular grave in diameter and deep It contained the body of a man, orientated on a north-south axis, above the remains of a two-wheeled cart. The wheels were placed above the skull of a horse. The wooden frame of the cart did not survive, but the iron tyres, nave-hoops, iron and copper linch pins did. Terret rings and other harness fittings were also recovered.
Curriestanes is an earthwork cursus. While familiar from cursus sites in England, these types of monuments are less common than timber cursuses in Scotland. Less than fifteen monuments of this type have been found in Scotland and only five including Curriestanes have been excavated. Curriestanes is rare in having an entrance gap in one of its terminals, a feature known from only a handful of sites in the UK. The cursus is particularly wide at 100m, with a known area of at least three hectares.
Lake Jackson Mounds Archaeological State Park (8LE1) is one of the most important archaeological sites in Florida, the capital of chiefdom and ceremonial center of the Fort Walton Culture inhabited from 1050–1500. The complex originally included seven earthwork mounds, a public plaza and numerous individual village residences. One of several major mound sites in the Florida Panhandle, the park is located in northern Tallahassee, on the south shore of Lake Jackson. The complex has been managed as a Florida State Park since 1966.
The Earthwork, known as the Quarley High Linear band and ditch, was constructed 245 + or - 155 BC. The flint mines date to 3983 + or - 106 BC.Hampshire Studies 1998. Amenities Over Wallop has a small village shop and a family run pub “The White Hart”. The village also has two playing fields, one referred to as “The cricket field” and the other a Park next to evans close. Anyone who lives in over wallop is inside the catchment area for The Wallops Primary School and Test valley School.
During the Mississippian culture period of prehistory, the Castalian Springs Mound Site was a major local earthwork mound center, built and occupied from about 950 into the 14th century. The Native Americans who built and occupied the complex site preceded the historic tribes later known to European-American settlers in the area. This was one of the sites constructed throughout the Mississippi Valley and its tributaries, connecting regions from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico. The site was first excavated in the 1890s.
Passing Chirk and the confluence with the River Ceiriog, the river begins to trace gentle meanders on the level ground at the beginning of the Cheshire Plain. The course continues past Erbistock on the Welsh side, and the 5th-century earthwork of Wat's Dyke on the English, before passing wholly into Wales at Overton bridge. A couple more miles downstream is Bangor-on-Dee, known for its Racecourse. Until 1974 this area was part of an exclave of historic Flintshire known as English Maelor ().
Soil marks are differences in soil colour as a result of archaeological features. They can be seen when a ploughed-out earthwork has left hard dry material of a former bank and damper wetter material from a former ditch.Mick Aston, Interpreting the Landscape (Tempus, 2002) They can also occur when a feature has cut through the top soil to reveal underlying chalk. Soil marks are traces of archaeological features, which are visible in ploughed or harrowed fields, usually where there are restricted periods before the crops grow.
Woolwich Central Riverside has been inhabited at least since the 1st century BCE. Remains of Iron Age, probably Celtic fortifications were found at the current Waterfront development site between Beresford Street and the Thames. This was reused as a castrum or castellum in the late-Roman period. According to the Survey of London, "this defensive earthwork encircled the landward sides of a riverside settlement, the only one of its kind so far located in the London area, that may have been a significant port, anterior to London".
He reported this new category of prehistoric sites in the red soil region east of the Mekong in what was then part of Kampong Cham Province and in Vietnam. In 1962, Bernard Philippe Groslier carried out excavations in a circular earthwork near Memot, later called the Groslier site, and named this civilisation "Mimotien". To date 36 of these massive prehistoric villages have been discovered in Cambodia. Radiocarbon dating of fragments of glass bangles found at one site gives evidence for a 1st millennium B.C. date.
Less elaborate tombstones As the cemetery was used by all groups of Warsaw's Jewry, conflicts arose over control of the cemetery and various burial-related issues. In 1913 it was agreed to split it onto four parts: one for Orthodox Jews, one for Reform Jews, one for children, and one for military and state burials. After World War I the cemetery again became overcrowded. Subsequently, a mound or earthwork terrace was erected over the quarter previously reserved for children to allow for more burials.
He was wounded at the Siege of Namur on 31 August 1695 during the attack on the Terra Nova earthwork; this action allegedly inspired the song 'The British Grenadiers'. In September 1695, he was commissioned as an ensign in The Royal Regiment of Foot, then placed on half-pay after the 1697 Treaty of Ryswick. When the War of the Spanish Succession began in 1701, he was reactivated and fought at the battles of Schellenberg, Blenheim and Ramillies. He was promoted captain in April 1707.
Wenufoye flag created in 1992 by the indigenist organization "Council of All Lands". At the time of the arrival of Europeans, the Mapuche organized and constructed a network of forts and complex defensive buildings. Ancient Mapuche also built ceremonial constructions such as some earthwork mounds recently discovered near Purén.Dillehay, Tom, Monuments, Empires, and Resistance: The Araucanian Polity and Ritual Narratives (Cambridge University Press, Washington, 2007) Mapuche quickly adopted iron metal-working (Mapuche already worked copperPedro Mariño de Lobera, in Crónica del Reino de Chile, Cap.
The name of the village means the middle settlement, possibly because it is halfway between Evercreech and Bruton. An early Iron Age earthwork, probably a stock enclosure but known as Fox Covert, occupies a spur of Creech Hill overlooking the River Alham valley. The site includes a possible barrow on the west. In the late 12th century the manor was held under the Lovels of Castle Cary by William de Clevedon who gave the church to Bruton Abbey who held it until the dissolution of the monasteries.
Native cattle and pigs were reared whilst sheep and goats were later introduced from the continent, as were the wheats and barleys grown in Britain. However, only a few actual settlement sites are known in Britain, unlike the continent. Cave occupation was common at this time. The construction of the earliest earthwork sites in Britain began during the early Neolithic (c. 4400 BC – 3300 BC) in the form of long barrows used for communal burial and the first causewayed enclosures, sites which have parallels on the continent.
The main military camp was on the eastern bank of the Old Woman's River, called Cape Maitland, in honour of Sir Peregrine Maitland, Governor of the Cape Colony. The name was later changed to Fort Albert in honour of Queen Victoria's husband. The camp consisted of huts and tents surrounded by an earthwork and was abandoned at the end of the war. The camp site was ‘rediscovered’ when large quantities of artifacts were unearthed during the construction of the Fish River Sun golf course.
There was a timber keep on the motte, and possibly a stone gatehouse at the south-east corner, leading onto the earthwork causeway that crossed the mere south to link the motte with the bailey. The eastern causeway linked the motte with the church in Skipsea village. The bailey was approximately , covering an area of around , curving around the west and south side of the castle. Its earthworks were built from clay, with a rampart up to high, protected by a wide ditch, originally up to deep.
The area has been inhabited since Mesolithic times: Mesolithic flints and Neolithic stones axes have been found in the vicinity. A bronze spearhead was found in a local quarry dating to the late Bronze Age circa 1000 BC. The village itself has medieval origins, and although the original houses have long been replaced, the village still retains its medieval pattern. On the north of the village are the remains of St Botolph’s Chapel. What remains is an earthwork mound surrounded by a modern housing estate (Kirk Rise).
Occupying a substantial bluff rising from the Mississippi River, the site of Memphis has been a natural location for human settlement by varying cultures over thousands of years. The area was settled in the first millennium A.D. by people of the Mississippian Culture, who had a network of communities throughout the Mississippi River Valley and its tributaries. They built complexes with large earthwork ceremonial and burial mounds as expressions of their sophisticated culture. The historic Chickasaw Indian tribe, believed to be their descendants, later inhabited the site.
While drop- bottom cars could usually be used for other purposes, side-dump cars and hopper cars with sloping floors to guide the cargo to unloading doors can only be used for bulk cargo.Car-bodies, Freight: Goldola Cars, Car Builders' Cyclopedia of American Practice, Vol. 3; Figs. 21-23., see also the definition of hopper-bottom car on page 68.Halbert Powers Gillette, Chapter X: Methods and Cost with Cars, Earthwork and Its Cost, McGraw Hill, New York, 1920; pages 335-338 discuss side-dump cars.
At Hastoe the ditch is wide and deep with a bank of and an overall spread of . The purpose of the earthwork is uncertain. It is thought by the Ordnance Survey (1974) that it may be a set of local boundaries used to control the movement of cattle and carts and dating back to the Iron Age, as no Anglo-Saxon event is connected with it. It is not seen as having a defensive function due to the way that the banks have been constructed.
I remember their looks when I remarked, that after all, > (pointing to the sun eclipsed,) I spoke of the gloom that overshadowed my > future prospects! Hinde purchased property from William Mc'Intosh near the Wabash River, an area that had been a Piankashaw Indian campground. It contained numerous earthwork mounds built by cultures that predated the Piankashaw. Hinde met the Shawnee chief Tecumseh in Chillicothe and in Vincennes, Indiana, during either the 1810 or the 1811 meeting between Tecumseh and William Henry Harrison at Grouseland.
For example, based on the analysis of projectile points and production debris, the north sector of the earthwork was the favored location for manufacturing tools and the South sectors were the location where the manufactured projectile points were used as tools. Beads, pendants and other lapidary items were recovered primarily in the West sector. However, clay figurines are evenly distributed throughout the ridge system. Based on the analysis of artifacts recovered from successive strata of ridge construction, there are clear changes in artifact styles through time.
Choptank River takes its name from a tribe of Algonquian-speaking Indians who inhabited both shores of this stream before its settlement by the English. They were people of large stature. The Academy of Natural Sciences in Baltimore City holds several skeletons of these Indians (taken from an Indian earthwork mound at Sandy Hill on the Choptank) Cambridge that measure nearly in height with skulls of unusually large size.The Easton Star Democrat, December 11, 1936} Miles River is a corruption of Saint Michael's River, its original name.
Near the river are the remains of a Norman motte-and-bailey castle, Brandon Castle. A Benedictine priory, Wolston Priory, was sited to the east of the village and its earthwork remains are now a Scheduled Ancient Monument. The village has two churches: the parish church of St Margaret's and Wolston Baptist Church. Wolston once had a railway station, Brandon and Wolston railway station on the Rugby- Coventry line, but this was closed in 1960, although one of the platforms can still be seen.
Several more small forts and villages were attacked before the siege of Osaka Castle itself began on 4 December. The Sanada-maru was an earthwork barbican defended by Sanada Yukimura and 7,000 men, on behalf of the Toyotomi. The Shōgun's armies were repeatedly repelled, and Sanada and his men launched a number of attacks against the siege lines, breaking through three times. Ieyasu then resorted to artillery (including 17 imported European cannons and 300 domestic wrought iron cannons) and men digging under the walls.
The proposal was resubmitted a number of times and in 1862, Captain J. G. Ryves, M.E., carried out a study and submitted proposals in 1867 for another earthwork dam, 62 feet high. The matter was debated by the Madras Government and the matter further delayed by the terrible famine of 1876–77. Finally, in 1882, the construction of the dam was approved and Major John Pennycuick, M.E., placed in charge to prepare a revised project and estimate which was approved in 1884 by his superiors.
Hostile relations between El Zotz and its huge neighbour Tikal are evidenced on the ground by an earthwork of unknown date that served to mark the territorial division between the two polities. In the 8th century AD, according to a text at Tikal, El Zotz and Naranjo were jointly engaged in battle against Tikal. This battle took place on 4 February 744. The last known hieroglyphic inscription to refer to El Zotz describes the city as being the target of an attack by Tikal.
The stone circle had a slightly ovoid plan, with a maximum diameter of 79 metres, and followed the same axis as the henge itself. It originally featured 36 stones, most of which were removed by the end of the Medieval period. The henge itself is at the centre of a complex of later prehistoric monuments including ring ditches and other possible mortuary enclosures. The henge had survived as a slight earthwork until World War II, when it was levelled in advance of runway construction.
The innovative permanent Army post planned for Plattsburgh was initially to be four stone barracks structures positioned in a quadrangle around a square parade ground and surrounded by a wooden palisade with a western facing gate. Construction began late in 1838 on a rise overlooking the lake about a mile outside of the village. The site selected for the post stood just to the south of the three remaining earthwork fortifications left over from the 1814 siege, Fort Brown, Fort Moreau, and Fort Scott.
The bank was constructed from chalk rubble, flint and clay excavated from its surrounding ditch. They would originally have been much wider and deeper, and would have had prominent lines of sight to other prehistoric landmarks in the area. The fort is defined by archaeologists as a "slight univallate hill fort", indicating a single-walled earthwork with a low rampart. The original entrance to the hill fort was provided by a gap of approximately on the south-eastern side, where the remains of a causeway are visible.
Ystradowen was initially the only intermediate station between Llantrisant and Cowbridge. The cutting immediately before the station was the heaviest earthwork on the line, at fifteen feet deep, and itself preceded a stiff gradient of 1 in 45. The station as completed consisted of a passing loop, with the single platform on the 'up' line with one small siding which served a stone goods shed to the rear of the platform. The goods shed was a 'dead end' type, with the roadway diagonally opposite the rail approach.
Newark Earthworks mound, Hopewell culture, 100 AD-500 AD Cultures of indigenous peoples lived along the river valleys for thousands of years before European contact. From more than two thousand years ago, 100 AD to 500 AD, people of the Hopewell culture transformed the area of Newark and Heath. They built many earthen mounds and enclosures, creating the single largest earthwork complex in the Ohio River Valley. The Newark Earthworks, designated a National Historic Landmark, have been preserved to document and interpret the area's significant ancient history.
Schäffer made an alliance with Kaumualii against Kamehameha I. Schäffer built the Russian forts between 1816–1817. Fort Alexander had low earthwork walls and may have had palisades too. One account might refer to the Fort Alexander as a breastwork that had been mounted with a few cannons, but it is unclear whether the account refers to both or only one of the forts in Hanalei. It was built mainly with Russian-American Company's labor unlike Fort Elizabeth that was built partially by Hawaiian natives.
Circleville is a city in and the county seat of Pickaway County, Ohio, United States, set along the Scioto River, 25 miles (40.2 km) south of Columbus. The population was 13,314 at the 2010 census. The city is best-known today as the host of the Circleville Pumpkin Show, an annual festival held since 1903. The city's name is derived from its original layout created in 1810 within the diameter of a circle of a Hopewell tradition earthwork dating to the early centuries of the Common Era.
Ouachita Parish was the home to many succeeding Native American groups in the thousands of years before Europeans began to settle here. Peoples of the Marksville culture, Troyville culture, Coles Creek culture and Plaquemine culture built villages and earthwork mound sites throughout the area. Notable examples include the Filhiol Mound Site, located on a natural levee of the Ouachita River. The oldest and most significant is Watson Brake, the most ancient mound complex in North America, dated to 5400 BP (before present), or about 3500 BCE.
339 A large-scale building effort took place in the 8th century. The gords were differently designed and of various sizes, from small to impressively massive. Ditches, walls, palisades and embankments were used to strengthen the perimeter, which often involved a complicated earthwork besides wood and stone construction. Gords of the tribal period were irregularly distributed across the country (there were fewer larger ones in Lesser Poland, but more smaller ones in central and northern Poland), and could cover an area from 0.1 to 25 hectares.
In 912 AD, Edward the Elder built two burhs (earthwork fortifications) close by the ford over the River Lea as a defence against Danish incursions. By the time of the Domesday Book, Hertford had two churches, two markets and three mills. The Normans began work on Hertford Castle, and Hertford Priory was founded by Ralph de Limesy. King Henry II rebuilt the castle in stone, but in 1216, during the First Barons' War, it was besieged and captured after 25 days by Prince Louis of France.
This region was occupied by the Pee Dee culture, part of the Southern Appalachian Mississippian Culture, from about 980 to 1150 CE. They built the earthwork platform mound and other structures at Town Creek Indian Mound, which has been designated a National Historic Landmark since 1966. It is the only Native American site in the state to be designated as a national landmark. In the 21st century, the Pee Dee are based in South Carolina, where the state has recognized several bands as tribes.
The tunneling resulted in of earthwork, which was used to build the above-ground section north of the tunnel. The last concrete casting was laid on 20 January 2011. Laying of the track was performed by Wiebe, signaling was installed by Norsk Jernbanedrift, Structon Rail installed the overhead wire, and YIT installed the power supply and telecommunications systems. The tunnel has the NSI-63 relay-based signaling system, although it was scheduled to be replaced by European Rail Traffic Management System shortly after 2015.
Lohra is an exception insofar as there the dead were cremated. Gravegoods are scarce but include pottery (collared bottles), stone tools and animal bones, especially the jawbones of foxes, which may have played a totemic role. The Züschen tomb is also remarkable for the presence of rock art.Raetzel-Fabian 2000, 123-129 Some of the tombs can be directly associated with nearby hilltop sites or settlements,Schwellnuß 1979, 57-60 that is, the Züschen tomb with the Hasenberg and the Calden tombs with the earthwork.
The Iron Age tribe in Dorset were the Durotriges, "water dwellers", whose main settlement is represented by Maiden Castle. Ptolemy stated that Bath was in the territory of the Belgae, but this may be a mistake. The Celtic gods were worshipped at the temple of Sulis at Bath and possibly the temple on Brean Down. Iron Age sites on the Quantock Hills include major hill forts at Dowsborough and Ruborough, as well as smaller earthwork enclosures, such as Trendle Ring, Elworthy Barrows and Plainsfield Camp.
Silbury Hill – Europe's largest man-made earthwork During the Roman era, the east of the region, particularly the Cotswolds and eastern Somerset, was heavily Romanised but Devon and Cornwall were much less so, though Exeter was a regional capital. There are villas, farms and temples dating from the period, including the remains at Bath. The area of Somerset was part of the Roman Empire from AD 47 to about AD 409. The empire disintegrated gradually, and elements of Romanitas lingered on for perhaps a century.
Spiral Jetty from atop Rozel Point, in mid-April 2005. It was created in 1970 and still exists. It is often submerged by the fluctuating lake level. It consists of some 6500 tons of basalt, earth and salt Spiral Jetty (1970) is an earthwork in the form of a 1,500-foot-long (460 m), 15-foot-wide (4.6 m) counterclockwise spiral of local basalt rocks and mud, forming a jetty that juts from the shore of the Great Salt Lake near Rozel Point in Utah.
Clermont, named by French traders, settled with his band in a village known as Pasuga, meaning "Big Cedar", which was located on an ancient platform earthwork mound in this area. The Osage village of Pasuga was destroyed by Cherokee in June 1817, during the Battle of Claremore Mound, also known as the Battle of the Strawberry Moon.on D. May, "Claremore Mound, Battle of," Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture Accessed December 31, 2011.Maxine Bamburg, "Claremore," Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture. Retrieved December 31, 2011.
The Walls of Benin were a combination of ramparts and moats, called Iya, used as a defense of the capital Benin City in present-day Edo State of Nigeria. It was considered the largest man-made structure lengthwise, second only to the Great Wall of China and the largest earthwork in the world. With more recent work by Patrick Darling, it has been established as the largest man-made structure in the world, larger than Sungbo's Eredo, also in Nigeria. It enclosed 6,500 km2 of community lands.
There is a small public house on the main road through the village called The Chilworth Arms (formerly The Clump). The original name of the pub, 'The Clump' comes from an old earthwork. Chilworth has a village hall and football field near the pub and there is a kennel and cattery in Chilworth Common, one of the local wooded areas. The thatched post office building was originally built as a kennel for the local hounds before being handed over to the village in 1900.
There is evidence of inhabitation in the Cwmbach area since prehistoric times, with the mountains above Cwmbach littered with earthworks, and cairns of a religious, rituary and funerary type. Five of these are registered with Cadw. The Craig-Y-gilfach earthwork is ideally situated at the top of the mountain, giving protection from both the Cynon and Merthyr valleys. Despite its early inhabitation, Cwmbach like most of the Cynon Valley was a quiet isolated area made up of farms and homesteads before the coming of industry.
Map of Civil War forts near Alexandria, showing Fort Albany (ca. September 1861) Fort Craig and surrounding area including Fort Albany (1865) Fort Albany Historical Marker Fort Albany was a bastioned earthwork that the Union Army built in Arlington County (known at the time as Alexandria County) in Virginia. The Army constructed the fort during May 1861 as part of its Civil War defenses of Washington (see Washington, D.C., in the American Civil War). The fort had a perimeter of 429 yards and emplacements for 12 guns.
Building E was situated in the centre of the township, and consisted of nine foundation trenches that were each concentric in shape. From the positioning, depth and width of the post holes, the excavators came to the conclusion that the building was a large tiered seating area facing a platform that may have carried a throne.Hope-Taylor 1977. pp. 119–121. There is also a feature referred to as the Great Enclosure by Hope-Taylor, consisting of a circular earthwork with an entrance at the southern end.
The Pawnee seasonal rituals were tied to the observation of the stars and planets. Their earthwork lodges were built at the same time as observatories and as "microcosm" (scale-model of the universe). Each lodge "was at the same time the universe and also the womb of a woman, and the household activities represented her reproductive powers." Weltfish, The Lost Universe: Pawnee Life and Culture, Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 1965; reprint 1977, p 64 The lodge also represented the universe in a more practical way.
5 and Aughrim in 1691 which brought the campaign to an end.Cannon, p. 13 It joined Allied forces fighting in the Nine Years War and at Namur in August 1695, took part in the attack on the Terra Nova earthwork that inspired the song 'The British Grenadiers.' On the outbreak of the War of the Spanish Succession in 1702, it became The Welch Regiment of Fuzilieers; this denoted units equipped with light-weight muskets or 'fusils' used to protect the artillery, although the distinction later became obsolete.
A condition survey and an analytical earthwork survey revealed some evidence about the use of the hillfort and its later history but many questions remain. Many of Weston- super-Mare's large Victorian residences are built on the lower slopes of the southern side of the hill, but the rest of the hill is heavily wooded. There are ancient fortifications at the top of the hill. Quarrying took place at various places on the hill from the late 18th century until the town quarry was abandoned in 1953.
The site was built specifically to store and maintain free-fall nuclear bombs, such as Blue Danube. This specific purpose was reflected in the facility's layout: The site was roughly pentagonal in shape. It consisted of three large non-nuclear component stores, surrounded by earthwork banking and a number of smaller storage buildings to hold the fissile cores; the cores were held in stainless steel containers sunk into the ground. The larger buildings stored the bomb casings and the high-explosive elements of the weapons.
In the process, the church of St Mary the Virgin was demolished. It used to stand just east of All Saints, on the other side of the lane to Wighton.Batcock: Ruined and Disused Churches of Norfolk 1991, p55 Just south of the village is Warham Camp, a small ancient hill fort earthwork built by the Iceni in the 2nd century BC, known locally as 'the Danish Camp'. The village has a tiny request stop - Warham railway station - on the narrow gauge Wells and Walsingham Light Railway.
Prior to the 1066 Norman conquest, the castle was held by Sir John de Mitford, whose only daughter and heiress, Sybilla Mitford, was given in marriage by William the Conqueror to the Norman knight, Richard Bertram. In the late 11th century, it was an earthwork fortress of the Bertram family, and of record as William Bertram's oppidum in 1138. In 1215, it was seized by John de Balliol, King of Scotland's troops., which was clever of him as he didn't become king until 1292.
Adscombe was a settlement in the medieval period; in 1327 four people from Adscombe were wealthy enough to be assessed for tax and in 1547 it had two houses and a ruined tenement. To the east of the chapel is a large earthwork platform the site of a substantial building. In the medieval period, it was probably the manor house of Over Stowey and Fryon (now known as Friarn). The house was called 'Chapel House' and was the home of the Rich family in the 17th century.
King's Standing Bowl Barrow or Kingstanding Mound, is a scheduled monument in the Kingstanding area of Birmingham. It comprises the buried and earthwork remains of a bowl barrow from the late Neolithic to the late Bronze Age, lying alongside the Icknield Street Roman road to the South of Sutton Park. It is reputedly the site from where King Charles I reviewed his troops on 18 October 1642, during the English Civil War; from which event both the mound and the area take their name.
By June 1861, the first Confederate fortification at Randolph, Fort Wright, was close to completion. Fort Randolph, the second Confederate stronghold in the area, was constructed only months after Fort Wright, in Fall 1861. The fortification was situated on the Mississippi River bluffs, about southwest of Fort Wright. In a dispatch published by The New York Times in March 1862, Fort Randolph is described as a "rough and incomplete earthwork (...) built upon the Second Chickasaw Bluffs [sic], more than 100 feet above the river".
The contemporary reports indicates a good degree of completion of the fort by late June 1861. Fort Randolph, according to a dispatch published by the New York Times in March 1862, was constructed in Fall 1861 and it describes the state of the fortification by that time as a "rough and incomplete earthwork". A final determination can not be made in this context whether Fort Wright and Fort Randolph were identical or separate fortifications. It is clear that Fort Wright and Fort Pillow are not identical.
Tensions grew in the immediate region, partially driven by religious tensions between some of the more Protestant local people and the Roman Catholic Marquess; on one of these occasions a local group attempted to search the castle, but were reportedly driven away by the sudden noise of Lord Herbert's steam-engine.Tribe, p.5. The defences of Raglan were improved after this, with modern earthwork bastions built around the castle and a powder mill created; a garrison of around 300 men was established at a cost of £40,000.
The elite organized workers to construct complex earthwork mounds for religious, political and ceremonial purposes."Apalachee Province" , Mission San Luis The historical Apalachee occupied the Velda Mound site from about 1450 CE-1625 CE, although they mostly abandoned the site soon after the beginning of the Spanish Mission Period, c. 1565. After the Spanish began colonization and brought in missions, they called this cultural area the Apalachee Province. The Apalachee Province was heavily depopulated with Carolina Governor James Moore's raids into the area during Queen Anne's War.
Henges sometimes, but by no means always, featured stone or timber circles, and circle henge is sometimes used to describe these structures. The three largest stone circles in Britain (Avebury, the Great Circle at Stanton Drew stone circles, and the Ring of Brodgar) are each within a henge. Examples of henges without significant internal monuments are the three henges of Thornborough Henges. Although having given its name to the word henge, Stonehenge is atypical in that the ditch is outside the main earthwork bank.
The largest and most elaborate earthwork complex of the period is at Poverty Point, Louisiana. The mounds were constructed as part of a later, succeeding culture, built to mark the political and religious center of a chiefdom. There would have been numerous elite residences nearby, as well as structures to support certain crafts. Because of its importance of a regional trade center of the Poverty Point culture in the Archaic period, and long human occupation, the site was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1990.
The Man Mound is a prehistoric humanoid earthwork located in Greenfield, Sauk County, Wisconsin, east of the city of Baraboo. Constructed during the Late Woodland period, the mound is the only surviving anthropomorphic effigy mound in North America. The mound depicts a horned humanoid figure and may have held religious or ceremonial significance to its builders. The mound was preserved as a county park in 1908, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978 and designated a National Historic Landmark in 2016.
These were all the guns that would bear on the sound; the southern half of the island, nearest Pamlico Sound, in the direction from which the attack would come, was unprotected. Five other guns did not face Croatan Sound: a battery of two guns on the eastern side of the island protected against possible assault across Roanoke Sound, and three others occupied an earthwork near the geometric center of the island.Browning, From Cape Charles to Cape Fear, p. 24. Wise made one other contribution to the defense.
The 4 Higher Educational Institutions shares a common facilities built-in within the central spine of the education hub. Construction commenced with earthwork groundbreaking ceremony in February 2013. Piling works started in August 2013. The Construction Site Office began operation in February 2014 with 25 strong project management staffs and 83 multi-disciplinary consultants site personnel. A total of 97 various trade contractors were engaged and at it peak period in September 2015 a total 2436 workers were recorded working on the sprawling 400 acres job site.
The district was named after the Wansdyke earthwork. Following a review by the Local Government Commission for England, both the County of Avon and District of Wansdyke were abolished on 1 April 1996. Wansdyke was merged with neighbouring City of Bath to form the unitary authority of Bath and North East Somerset. The Parliamentary constituency of Wansdyke, covering a similar but not identical area, was replaced at the 2010 general election when it was split and merged into the North East Somerset and Kingswood constituencies.
These factors tend to mark the Late Woodland period as an expansive period, not one of a cultural collapse. Where the Baytown peoples began to build more dispersed settlements, the Troyville people instead continued building major earthwork centers. The type site for the culture, the Troyville Earthworks, once had the second tallest precolumbian mound in North America and the tallest in Louisiana at in height. The Coles Creek culture from 700 to 1200 AD marks a significant change in the cultural history of the area.
This section includes construction of 50 km of road with 5 bridges and 6 causeways. Out of 50 km, 34 km has been completed and is already open to public traffic while rest of the road was expected to be complete by March 2003. The construction of Sindhulibazar-Khurkot section was slated to start in January 2001, this section includes construction of 39 km of road with a bridge and 3 causeways. Earthwork over 12.5 km of this road section was completed in the previous phase.
Native Americans had long inhabited both sides of the Mississippi River. The Mississippian culture rulers organized thousands of workers to construct complex earthwork mounds at what later became St. Louis and East St. Louis. The center of this culture was the urban complex of Cahokia, located to the north of present-day East St. Louis within Collinsville, Illinois. Before the Civil War, settlers reported up to 50 mounds in the area that became East St. Louis, but most were lost to 19th- century development and later roadbuilding.
Indigenous peoples inhabited Missouri for thousands of years before European exploration and settlement. Archaeological excavations along the rivers have shown continuous habitation for more than 7,000 years. Beginning before 1000 CE, there arose the complex Mississippian culture, whose people created regional political centers at present-day St. Louis and across the Mississippi River at Cahokia, near present-day Collinsville, Illinois. Their large cities included thousands of individual residences, but they are known for their surviving massive earthwork mounds, built for religious, political and social reasons, in platform, ridgetop and conical shapes.
The fort was built during the Kalmar War and was a blockhouse with earthwork surrounding built to stop the Swedish advance in Finnmark. This blockhouse was given to the church and in 1694 the church was ready for use. It was also the first cemetery along the Altafjorden. The Årøya Church was barely in use for about 10 years and already in 1703 the people were expressing a desire to move the church to the village of Talvik on the mainland, and the following year the governor approved the move.
It now became clear that the Tongeren Gate was the main object. It formed a weak point in the defences as it was protected by a small ravelin only and the city wall behind this was still mediaeval in form, without a full height backing earthwork, though a cavalier was present, the Tongerse Kat. Furthermore, there was only a dry moat to its north. In front of the ravelin a new lunette had been constructed but to obtain the necessary earth, to the south a nearby redoubt protecting the Jeker sluice inlet had been levelled.
Map of the Caddoan Mississippian culture and some important sites, including the Battle Mound Site The Battle Mound Site (3LA1) is an archaeological site in Lafayette County, Arkansas in the Great Bend region of the Red River basin. The majority of the mound was built from 1200-1400 CE. The site has the largest mound of the Caddoan Mississippian culture (a regional variation of the Mississippian culture). It measures approximately in length, wide, and in height. Four low rises at the site are believed also to have been constructed earthwork mounds.
Barbed wire entanglements were swept by 77mm guns firing from bastions or counterscarp positions. The east and west strongpoints were separately enclosed with barbed wire entanglements and had their own barracks, while the west point additionally had an earthwork rampart with a caponier. A total of seven reinforced barracks had a capacity of 2580 troops. The fortified barracks were built into a hillside so that their rears are shielded by earth, while the tops and fronts are protected by three or four metres of concrete, and are surmounted by parapets.
There is a prehistoric earthwork in the south of the village, described as being circular and about 25m in diameter. A number of small mines used to exist to the south- west of the village. To the east of the village the main road crosses the medieval bridge Pont Baldwyn over Nant Duad, believed to be named after Archbishop Baldwin who with Gerald of Wales campaigned and preached in the area in the late 12th century. To the west, the River Nevern is crossed by an unnamed bridge.
The first operational lighthouse on the West Coast of the United States was also built on Alcatraz. During the war, Fort Alcatraz was used to imprison Confederate sympathizers and privateers on the west coast, but never fired its guns at an enemy. “Binghamton University archaeologist Timothy de Smet and colleagues located historical remains beneath the former recreation yard of the Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary.” Using ground-penetrating radar data and georectifications, Smet and colleagues uncovered structures, including “a “bombproof” earthwork traverse along with its underlying vaulted brick masonry tunnel and ventilation ducts,” in surprisingly good condition.
Some of the gaps in the course of the dyke may be due to the historical presence of dense woodland. Areas of once extensive woodland in Nithsdale are indicated on old maps such as in the 1660s when a Cashogill Wood (sic) is recorded near Enterkinfoot, extending at least as far as Kilbryd Kirk (sic). The RCAHMS have mapped sections of the Deil's Dyke near Morton Castle and near Gatelawbridge. In the parish of Eskdalemuir are sections of another similar linear earthwork there known as the 'Deil's Jingle'.
The course of the Deil's Dyke is not noticeably associated with the many defensive features that exist in Nithsdale, such as Iron Age forts, medieval mottes, etc. although the linear earthwork near Durisdeer is linked with the site of the medieval castle. The Catrail in Roxburghshire, southern Scotland, has a number of similarities with the Deil's Dyke and consists of a bank and a ditch and runs for . It is considered to be a territorial land boundary dating from the Early Middle Ages and was once considered to link up with the Deil's Dyke.
The remains of stone castles in Norfolk include those at Castle Rising, Castle Acre and Buckenham: numerous examples of earthwork remains still exist. The Norfolk Broads owe their existence to the large-scale extraction of peat and clay during the Middle Ages. They were once deep pits, up to in depth, from which an enormous amount of peat was dug over a period of centuries. Peat extraction may have begun during the Anglo-Saxon period, but the first evidence of the industry in Norfolk is from mediaeval abbey records.
Fort Foote was an American Civil War-era wood and earthwork fort that was part of the wartime defenses of Washington, D.C., which helped defend the Potomac River approach to the city. It operated from 1863 to 1878, when the post was abandoned, and was used briefly during the First and Second World Wars. The remnants of the fort are located in Fort Foote Park, which is maintained by the U.S. National Park Service as part of the National Capital Parks-East system. The area's mailing address is Fort Washington, Maryland.
Fort Slemmer sometimes called Battery Slemmer was one of seven temporary earthwork forts part of the Civil War Defenses of Washington, D.C., during the Civil War built in the Northeast quadrant of the city at the beginning of the Civil War by the Union Army to protect the city from the Confederate Army. From west to east, the forts were as follow: Fort Slocum, Fort Totten, Fort Slemmer, Fort Bunker Hill, Fort Saratoga, Fort Thayer and Fort Lincoln. Unlike other forts, today very little remains of the structure.
Located on a point, Pointe au Baril was an optimal location for both a shipyard and a fort; This location was close to the enemy's fort near present-day Ogdensburg and had excellent timber in abundance. The shipyard was constructed by 1759 along with a seven-pointed star shaped earthwork fort. Troops were summoned from Montreal to aid in the construction of new ships, and the improve the fortification and by spring of 1759 two ships were fully constructed. On April 9, the French launched the Iroquoise followed three days later by the Outaouaise.
Pickett's Mill Battlefield Site is Georgia state park in Paulding County, Georgia that preserves the American Civil War battlefield of the Battle of Pickett's Mill. The 765-acre site includes roads used by Union and Confederate troops, earthwork battlements, and an 1800s era pioneer cabin. The area's ravine is a site where hundreds died. The park's visitor center includes exhibits and a film about the battle. The battle took place on May 27, 1864, as the Union Army tried to advance on Atlanta two days after the Battle of New Hope Church.
32-pounder, 42-pounder, and other weapons to rifles firing his projectiles; in some Civil War-era documents these are also called "James rifles". Large-caliber guns with his rifling system and projectiles, along with Parrott rifles, were used in the breaching of Fort Pulaski in April 1862; this was probably James' most significant contribution to the war. After the war, the rapid reduction of Fort Pulaski was used to justify stopping work on masonry forts and led to a brief period of new construction of earthwork forts.Berhow 2015, p.
FractMus employs twelve algorithms for pitch-generation drawn from number theory (Thue–Morse sequence, Collatz Conjecture (Hailstone numbers), Earthwork sequence), chaotic dynamics (Logistic map, Lorenz attractor, Hénon map, Hopalong attractor, Gingerbreadman map, Martin attractor), cellular automata (Wolfram 1D CA), noise (1/f noise), and randomness. It offers a set of tools to assist the compositional process. These include a data randomizer and a composition "wizard", among others. Compositions (data sets) can be saved to a standard MIDI file for later refinement in a sequencer program or music editor.

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