That's a problem with a definable but immensely complicated solution.
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Not to put that crudely — but there's a definable goal.
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Managers should create clear and definable goals for remote employees.
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Success for a rock band isn't easily definable these days.
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But this party used to be for some pretty definable stuff.
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There is so little out there that is driven by any specific, definable force.
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Yeah, Abloh combined them, turning two definable aspects of Diana's wardrobe into one cohesive aesthetic.
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Hollywood depictions of the American political voice have been various but contain certain definable strains.
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He needs data, evidence, and clear, definable parameters in order to formally address a topic.
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It's hard to think of a restaurant which has had such a broad and definable influence.
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In these two paintings, Bennett moves beyond the realm of suburbs into another less definable domain.
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But The Mummy leans heavily on her sex appeal, as opposed to any definable character traits.
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The people usually begin with a definable and obvious characteristic that acts as a comic well.
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In terms of a definable "thing," there is no Australia beyond its location on the planet.
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The genre didn't start as a single, easily definable thing, and it hasn't magically become something else.
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They have no past success to draw on, no definable traction and have never raised funding before.
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So as a general rule, these companies have matured, they've deepened their offering, they've constructed more definable positions.
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As if instead, time consisted of a certain quantity of repeating, unchanging, definable units, like inches, miles, pounds.
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Behind him a whole crowd of owls, bats, cats and less easily definable creatures hovers, crouches and flutters.
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One of the things Sundance has long made clear is that there is no single, easily definable festival.
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I think this is why I try to move away from characters with a definable gender or race.
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I'm incredibly proud that in such a short time that we've created something which is completely sort of definable.
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But that means there is no way to build a definable audience when you have a kitchen sink editorial strategy.
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Many of these threats are not new, like China's easily identifiable and definable illegal actions in the South China Sea.
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Back in 85033, Iran's "Green Movement" failed to coalesce around a concrete set of principles or a definable way forward.
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" That is, women express "wealth, status, family, tribe" through their bearing and ornamentation, which are "all languages definable as art.
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He noted the company only focused on projects with "clearly definable cash flow" such as parking structures and toll roads.
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Choices are outlined by a programmer; paths of options are created that are either followed or not, based on definable input.
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Rather than comment about that, there are some things which can be said that are definable and, in my opinion, irrefutable.
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Her rendition of the aria, recorded live for this album, isn't opera, but it also isn't soul or anything easily definable.
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It's the year of shadowy foes from the deep, definable only in their amorphous mass but rarely in their individual, singular forms.
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There may be definable clusters of stars up there which can be seen from Earth as constellations, or there may not be.
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All times EST With Mercury retrograde in your sign, Pisces, you parse through the details of things that are not easily definable.
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My work has become completely intertwined with my life, so far past the point of definable product, an exploration of pushing boundaries.
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Büttner also illustrates Kant's need to put the entire world into definable categories, in line with the Enlightenment's obsession with encyclopedic classification.
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We are uncomfortable with mothers who are not easily definable, with good mothers who sometimes think bad thoughts and even do bad things.
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I have been talking to a lot of people about AR over the past few months and there is a definable excitement around it.
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Today there is a clearly definable trend of violence surrounding Trump's campaign and his supporters, which goes far past his fight against political correctness.
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Roland's keyboard sports three user-definable zones, a pitch / mod lever, and eight multipurpose pads that can be customized to trigger commands and events.
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"He's got an NBA body and he's got some skills that are NBA skills, definable NBA skills," 76ers president of basketball operations Bryan Colangelo said.
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For years, he's ceased to be a human musician with a definable genre and become a weird Portuguese man o' war formed of tiny cultural polyps.
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But is it truly a syndrome, a set of symptoms reliably associated together and thought to have a single underlying cause—in other words, a definable disease?
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Even in the fiercely competitive world that Mr. Trump envisions, keeping America safe is not a game, a zero-sum calculus or something with a definable end.
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But as the start-up world continues to move away from easily definable consumer or corporate products and services, investors have had to take less-charted paths.
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Their arcs were contrasted with the subtle but definable trajectories of Finn and Jake, who slowly matured over the course of the show from goofballs to responsible figures.
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"This party used to be for some pretty definable stuff and frankly, neither of these parties are for very much more than being anti," Sasse said on CNN.
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The Presence's vision is definable into zones, so that you only get notifications if say, if there's movement in a particular area over by where you park your Porsche.
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While he identified as gay, his sexuality was not so easily definable; in 1980, he told his biographer that he was a virgin — a claim that would be challenged.
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Clifford used to coach Howard in Orlando, but his fit in Charlotte is somewhat questionable and aside from Kemba Walker, the rest of the roster still lacks definable upside.
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Anything less definable than that becomes more hit-and-miss in terms of quality and coverage, especially when it comes to something related to mental health and/or disability.
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The exhilarating energy of the 2017 march went on to fuel countless local Resistance groups that worked because they were organized face-to-face and had definable, practical aims.
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Judges and legislation are the body of the pro-life movement's efforts: They give concrete shape to its aims, and establish clear and definable metrics of success and failure.
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The bar had decor befitting of an Irish pub, but its most definable trait was the brick wall covered in people's names, becoming a ramshackle wallpaper of its very own.
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Matthews is not as liberal as Raskin and could appeal to moderate Democrats, but she is new to politics and does not have a definable or visible base of support.
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Is there a definable trajectory since he bifurcated that shark in the 1990s, and larded the gruesome spectacle, pent inside its giant tank, drunk on formaldehyde, with a pseudo-philosophical title?
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Interactions between neurons firing in the brain are also an example of a dynamical system—albeit one that's especially subtle and hard to pin down in a definable list of rules.
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It doesn't share the same vast intergalactic scope, but it feels like Star Wars, in concrete, definable ways that some fans have argued has been missing from more recent franchise installments.
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Clearly-definable acts can save millions of lives if implemented in conjunction with governments around the world, but the issue generates very little in the way of headlines or mass activism.
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The film, and book from which it is adapted, looks at the not-easily-definable contours of the relationship in compelling ways, but the subject matter is tricky to say the least.
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"Recovery is a long-term process, and it is one that doesn't necessarily have a definable beginning end point," said Alex Greer, an assistant professor of political science at Oklahoma State University.
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Nora's impulsive curiosity is one of her most definable traits, and though she plays it cool, she can't resist even the small possibility that her children really are still out there somewhere, somehow.
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Life on the piers, with its definable demographic and culture of confinement, was not so different from that on board a ship, and Mr. Baltrop viewed it both from afar and up close.
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This format — relaxed, circuitous, able to take in both his own work and also work by others — is particularly well suited to Drake, who's as definable by his taste as by his sound.
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The task provides clear feedback with clearly definable goals and metricsML works well when we can clearly describe the goals, even if we cannot necessarily define the best process for achieving those goals. 4.
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So once it clicked that Star Wars Day's ubiquitous and punny declaration broke up into four definable pieces it incessantly nagged at me to become a mini-bonus layer in an otherwise themeless puzzle.
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The 6.53th president has proved, again and again, that he is a sui generis character whose appeal is predicated more on his own colossal selfhood than on any definable set of ideas or positions.
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J.P. Ganavya creates a lush twine out of American and South Asian traditions, and on "Aikyam: Onnu," this vocalist and scholar's majestic debut album, the upshot feels more like an expansive invitation than any definable hybrid.
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Raskin is considered the front-runner because he is currently an elected officeholder, having been a Maryland state senator for three terms; he has a definable base and a constituency that backs him with great enthusiasm.
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This not-so-easily definable contemporary Southern story has gone on to grace nearly every "Best Of" list this year, and if it hasn't made it to your bookshelf, then that should be your last act of 2016.
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It has real definable costs, but its amazing success over multiple generations has left people largely forgetting what it prevented and how effective it has been, and thus given rise to challenges to it on largely ignorant grounds.
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This is not the same as saying what existentialism is, because to say what it is would present it as something static and definable, whereas it exists only in the form of actions, what happens when someone thinks existentially.
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Market phenomena like the tech bubble of the 1990s, the Japanese asset bubble of the 1980s, and the housing bubble of the 2000s are all commonly cited as definable periods where asset prices became wildly disconnected with underlying fundamentals.
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Complicating all of this is Petlin's love of yellow, which may connect to summer heat and dust, Vincent van Gogh's paintings of sunflowers, the Star of David, desert sands, sunlight, fire, or something less definable — or all of what I listed.
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If, in the profoundly solipsistic age of social media, each of us is definable according to what we consume, then assemble the names and labels listed above and you have the makings of an algorithm whose endpoint is Luka Sabbat.
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"It just befuddles me and I think it's just heartbreaking to know that there's so many people that want to help, and that help is being denied for no definable reasons that anybody's been able to communicate," Canales told CNN on Tuesday.
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Instead, what Mr. Macron later described as a "pilgrimage," with some 216 journalists in tow, was in part intended to show his human side, to reflect his connection to a "terroir" — a definable place and personal history — that French voters could latch onto.
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It began and swelled through social media, without organization or a definable agenda, a wave of anger that rapidly swept up grievances from low pay to frustration with politicians of all stripes and on to the disparate demands of groups like ambulance workers or students.
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In Gucci's case, the relationships between the oppressed and the oppressors are much less easily definable, but there's something to be said about a white man feeling like he needs to make a point that his magpie approach to cultural symbols is not only okay, but it is necessary.
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Machines have become quite good at measuring the acquisition of arithmetical operations, but they are much less good at quantifying such skills as creativity or flexibility—let alone measuring less easily definable aspects of a humanistic education, such as literary appreciation or artistic sensibility or the development of empathy.
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In an update announced Thursday, Final Draft — software that writers use to format scripts — said it will now include a proprietary "Inclusivity Analysis" feature, allowing filmmakers "to quickly assign and measure the ethnicity, gender, age, disability or any other definable trait of the characters," including race, the company said in a statement.
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Antonio Figueroa, an associate principal at the Pomeroy firm, said Mr. Pomeroy did not have a single, definable style as he moved from projects as diverse as the mid-1980s restoration of Grand Central Terminal to the master planning of a mixed-use development in Bangalore, India, called Skill City, which has not been built.
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"The Supreme Court says race can be a factor in redistricting, but not the predominant factor, a rule that is so vague, so broad and so lacking in a definable legal standard that it is not really a rule at all," Hans von Spakovsky, a lawyer with the Heritage Foundation, said in a statement.
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" I was amazed to find that she had managed to define what I thought was not definable: "If we know how to create cozy using what's inside us, we can search for it on the outside no matter where we are, and each day stack the odds in our favor for happiness and, on some days, survival.
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I know of Nazlı Dinçel's recording of tech crew at the Ann Arbor Film Festival saying sexist and racist things about her on hot mics while she worked as a venue manager; John Wilson's Vimeo-commissioned short on Sundance, a piercing critique of the exclusionary effects of Sundance's built landscape and industry-dominated spaces; and Charlie Lyne's Sight & Sound-commissioned documentary on Sheffield Doc/Fest, which he utilized to investigate the curiosity of an egalitarian festival badge contrasted with the ever-present hotel hierarchy employed by festivals to separate its guests into definable tiers.
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A set is hereditarily ordinal definable if it is ordinal definable and all elements of its transitive closure are ordinal definable. The class of hereditarily ordinal definable sets is denoted by HOD, and is a transitive model of ZFC, with a definable well ordering. It is consistent with the axioms of set theory that all sets are ordinal definable, and so hereditarily ordinal definable. The assertion that this situation holds is referred to as V = OD or V = HOD.
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Specific varieties of definable numbers include the constructible numbers of geometry, the algebraic numbers, and the computable numbers. Because formal languages can have only countably many formulas, every notion of definable numbers has at most countably many definable real numbers. However, by Cantor's diagonal argument, there are uncountably many real numbers, so almost every real number is undefinable.
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Dynamic Business Modeling is defined as the automation of Enterprise Business Models based on the principle that the model's underlying business processes and business services need to be dynamically and openly definable and re-definable.
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The set of definable numbers is broader, but still only countable.
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For some transitive models M of ZFC, every sequence of integers in M is definable relative to M; for others, only some integer sequences are (Hamkins et al. 2013). There is no systematic way to define in M itself the set of sequences definable relative to M and that set may not even exist in some such M. Similarly, the map from the set of formulas that define integer sequences in M to the integer sequences they define is not definable in M and may not exist in M. However, in any model that does possess such a definability map, some integer sequences in the model will not be definable relative to the model (Hamkins et al. 2013). If M contains all integer sequences, then the set of integer sequences definable in M will exist in M and be countable and countable in M.
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Metrical poetry in Sanskrit is called Chhandas () or Chhandas () and (). Prose and poetry follows the rules of Chhandas to design the structural features of 'poetry'. Chhandas is a definable aspect of many definable and indefinable aspects of poetry. Chhandas generates rhythm to the literature when the rules are properly followed.
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Euler calculus is a methodology from applied algebraic topology and integral geometry that integrates constructible functions and more recently definable functionsBaryshnikov, Y.; Ghrist, R. Euler integration for definable functions, Proc. National Acad. Sci., 107(21), 9525–9530, 25 May 2010. by integrating with respect to the Euler characteristic as a finitely-additive measure.
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Assuming that they form a set in the model, the real numbers definable in the language of set theory over a particular model of ZFC form a field. Each set model M of ZFC set theory that contains uncountably many real numbers must contain real numbers that are not definable within M (without parameters). This follows from the fact that there are only countably many formulas, and so only countably many elements of M can be definable over M. Thus, if M has uncountably many real numbers, we can prove from "outside" M that not every real number of M is definable over M. This argument becomes more problematic if it is applied to class models of ZFC, such as the von Neumann universe . The argument that applies to set models cannot be directly generalized to class models in ZFC because the property "the real number x is definable over the class model N" cannot be expressed as a formula of ZFC.
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Solovay constructed his model in two steps, starting with a model M of ZFC containing an inaccessible cardinal κ. The first step is to take a Levy collapse M[G] of M by adding a generic set G for the notion of forcing that collapses all cardinals less than κ to ω. Then M[G] is a model of ZFC with the property that every set of reals that is definable over a countable sequence of ordinals is Lebesgue measurable, and has the Baire and perfect set properties. (This includes all definable and projective sets of reals; however for reasons related to Tarski's undefinability theorem the notion of a definable set of reals cannot be defined in the language of set theory, while the notion of a set of reals definable over a countable sequence of ordinals can be.) The second step is to construct Solovay's model N as the class of all sets in M[G] that are hereditarily definable over a countable sequence of ordinals.
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In model theory--a branch of mathematical logic--a minimal structure is an infinite one-sorted structure such that every subset of its domain that is definable with parameters is either finite or cofinite. A strongly minimal theory is a complete theory all models of which are minimal. A strongly minimal structure is a structure whose theory is strongly minimal. Thus a structure is minimal only if the parametrically definable subsets of its domain cannot be avoided, because they are already parametrically definable in the pure language of equality.
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If the patient does not have a definable, circumscribable problem, best not to let him into hospital in the first place.
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It also featured three different font sizes, user definable keys, copy-and-paste, a Sinclair QL-like windowing system, sprites and sound effects.
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Most number-theoretic functions definable using recursion on a single variable are primitive recursive. Basic examples include the addition and truncated subtraction functions.
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This is the integer to which the above expression refers. But the above expression is only fifty-seven letters long, therefore it is definable in under sixty letters, and is not the smallest positive integer not definable in under sixty letters, and is not defined by this expression. This is a paradox: there must be an integer defined by this expression, but since the expression is self- contradictory (any integer it defines is definable in under sixty letters), there cannot be any integer defined by it. Perhaps another helpful analogy to Berry's Paradox would be the phrase "indescribable feeling".
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A set of natural numbers is assigned the classification \Sigma^1_n if it is definable by a \Sigma^1_n formula. The set is assigned the classification \Pi^1_n if it is definable by a \Pi^1_n formula. If the set is both \Sigma^1_n and \Pi^1_n then it is given the additional classification \Delta^1_n. The \Delta^1_1 sets are called hyperarithmetical.
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A real number a is first-order definable in the language of set theory, without parameters, if there is a formula φ in the language of set theory, with one free variable, such that a is the unique real number such that φ(a) holds (see ). This notion cannot be expressed as a formula in the language of set theory. All analytical numbers, and in particular all computable numbers, are definable in the language of set theory. Thus the real numbers definable in the language of set theory include all familiar real numbers such as 0, 1, π, e, et cetera, along with all algebraic numbers.
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Populations came to be seen as "bounded units amenable to scientific sampling, analysis, and classification". Human beings are not naturally organized into definable, genetically cohesive populations.
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In model theory, a weakly o-minimal structure is a model theoretic structure whose definable sets in the domain are just finite unions of convex sets.
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But if the predictive quality deteriorates out-of-sample by "not very much" (which is not precisely definable), then the forecaster may be satisfied with the performance.
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0 officially dropped support for Windows 9x and Windows NT 3.x/4.x in 2008. This version was based on Qt 4 and introduced user-definable attributes.
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Miscategorization -- examples of nonmembers of the category -- must always exist, not only to make the category learnable, but for the category to exist and be definable at all.
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That is, \Sigma^b_1-definable functions in S^1_2 are precisely the functions computable in polynomial time. The characterization can be generalized to higher levels of the polynomial hierarchy.
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Then the proposition "m is the first number not definable in less than k symbols" can be formalized and shown to be a definition in the sense just stated.
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Church's paper An Unsolvable Problem of Elementary Number Theory (1936) proved that the Entscheidungsproblem was undecidable within the λ-calculus and Gödel-Herbrand's general recursion; moreover Church cites two theorems of Kleene's that proved that the functions defined in the λ-calculus are identical to the functions defined by general recursion: :"Theorem XVI. Every recursive function of positive integers is λ-definable.16 :"Theorem XVII. Every λ-definable function of positive integers is recursive.
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In model theory, a branch of mathematics, an imaginary element of a structure is roughly a definable equivalence class. These were introduced by , and elimination of imaginaries was introduced by .
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The envelope editor of the instrument editor allows the creation of many envelope points and user definable envelope loop points. MilkyTracker also supports basic (velocity sensitive) note input via MIDI.
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Notionally, 'influence' is definable as the effect of one person or thing on another.Flaherty, C. (2010) Command, Influence and Information in 3D Tactics. Journal of Information Warfare. (9)1: 18-31.
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Jacobson interprets personal pronouns as the combinator I, and their binding is aided by a complex combinator Z, as in "Mary lost her way". Z is definable using W and B.
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From these ingredients and his own artistic power, Cafà produces a highly emotive pictorial solution unseen before, neither neatly definable as a relief nor as a statue nor as a picture.
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There are other uses of the term "interpretation" that are commonly used, which do not refer to the assignment of meanings to formal languages. In model theory, a structure A is said to interpret a structure B if there is a definable subset D of A, and definable relations and functions on D, such that B is isomorphic to the structure with domain D and these functions and relations. In some settings, it is not the domain D that is used, but rather D modulo an equivalence relation definable in A. For additional information, see Interpretation (model theory). A theory T is said to interpret another theory S if there is a finite extension by definitions T′ of T such that S is contained in T′.
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In mathematical set theory, a set S is said to be ordinal definable if, informally, it can be defined in terms of a finite number of ordinals by a first-order formula. Ordinal definable sets were introduced by . A drawback to this informal definition is that requires quantification over all first-order formulas, which cannot be formalized in the language of set theory. However there is a different way of stating the definition that can be so formalized.
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15, no. 1, 2013, pp. 225–43. Most indicator approaches, such as the Global Reporting Initiative or ISO14031, have been limited to large corporate organizations with easily definable legal and economic boundaries.
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Although not precisely definable as music, there are signals played on the trembita (a type of alpenhorn, to signify death, birth, a marriage or another significant event) by the Hutsuls in the Carpathian mountains.
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Global ECS includes user-definable recovery actions that allow for built in job logic to allow the production flow to self-correct. It also includes flexible exception management that allows for multiple methods of notification.
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A subset of Cantor space is assigned the classification \Sigma^1_n if it is definable by a \Sigma^1_n formula. The set is assigned the classification \Pi^1_n if it is definable by a \Pi^1_n formula. If the set is both \Sigma^1_n and \Pi^1_n then it is given the additional classification \Delta^1_n. A subset of Baire space has a corresponding subset of Cantor space under the map that takes each function from \omega to \omega to the characteristic function of its graph.
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Causal notions are important in general relativity to the extent that the existence of an arrow of time demands that the universe's semi-Riemannian manifold be orientable, so that "future" and "past" are globally definable quantities.
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The format must be significantly unique from other listed formats in regard to its image capture or image projection. The format characteristics should be clearly definable in several listed parameters (e. g., film gauge, aspect ratio, etc.).
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This amount of sensation has a definable value and is often considered to be the amount of light present from someone holding up a single candle 30 miles away, if one's eyes were adjusted to the dark.
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They note that the content of his criticism is that ultrafilters are "chimerical", and point out that Connes exploited ultrafilters in an essential manner in his earlier work in functional analysis. They analyze Connes' claim that the hyperreal theory is merely "virtual". Connes' references to the work of Robert Solovay suggest that Connes means to criticize the hyperreals for allegedly not being definable. If so, Connes' claim concerning the hyperreals is demonstrably incorrect, given the existence of a definable model of the hyperreals constructed by Vladimir Kanovei and Saharon Shelah (2004).
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Contrary to Cantor, presently the majority of mathematicians considers undefinable numbers not as absurdities. This assumption leads, according to Kőnig, Kőnig's conclusion is not stringent. His argument does not rule out the possibility that the continuum can be well-ordered; rather, it rules out the conjunction of "the continuum can be well-ordered by a definition in language L" and "the property of being definable in language L is itself definable in language L". The latter is no longer generally held to be true. For an explanation compare Richard's paradox.
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A linearly ordered structure, M, with language L including an ordering relation <, is called weakly o-minimal if every parametrically definable subset of M is a finite union of convex (definable) subsets. A theory is weakly o-minimal if all its models are weakly o-minimal. Note that, in contrast to o-minimality, it is possible for a theory to have models which are weakly o-minimal and to have other models which are not weakly o-minimal.M.A.Dickmann, Elimination of Quantifiers for Ordered Valuation Rings, The Journal of symbolic Logic, Vol.
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The first definition of the hyperarithmetic sets uses the analytical hierarchy. A set of natural numbers is classified at level \Sigma^1_1 of this hierarchy if it is definable by a formula of second-order arithmetic with only existential set quantifiers and no other set quantifiers. A set is classified at level \Pi^1_1 of the analytical hierarchy if it is definable by a formula of second-order arithmetic with only universal set quantifiers and no other set quantifiers. A set is \Delta^1_1 if it is both \Sigma^1_1 and \Pi^1_1.
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Computable number: A real number whose digits can be computed using an algorithm. Definable number: A real number that can be defined uniquely using a first-order formula with one free variable in the language of set theory.
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List of Canadian disasters by death toll is a list of major disasters (excluding acts of war) which occurred in Canada or involved Canadian citizens, in a definable incident, where the loss of life was 10 or more.
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An individual holon possesses a dominant monad; that is, it possesses a definable "I-ness". An individual holon is discrete, self- contained, and also demonstrates the quality of agency, or self-directed behavior.Wilber, K. (2007). The integral vision.
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A basic form of equivalence, definable on lambda terms, is alpha equivalence. It captures the intuition that the particular choice of a bound variable, in an abstraction, does not (usually) matter. For instance, \lambda x.x and \lambda y.
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PICMG 2.5 is a specification by PICMG that standardizes the utilization of CompactPCI user definable pins for the computer telephony functions of standard TDM bus, telephony rear IO, 48 VDC and ringing distribution in a 6U chassis environment.
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It can be constructed in a manner analogous to the construction of L (that is, Gödel's constructible universe), by adding in all the reals at the start, and then iterating the definable powerset operation through all the ordinals.
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Instead of standard function keys, user defined special functions are invoked by pressing orange-colored "Command" or light-blue- colored "Control" key along with another key (creates 24 user-definable function keys). Numeric keypad serves also as cursor controls.
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The ambition of geometric model theory is to provide a geography of mathematics by embarking on a detailed study of definable sets in various mathematical structures, aided by the substantial tools developed in the study of pure model theory.
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Geologists generally agree that the following tectonic plates currently exist on the Earth's surface with roughly definable boundaries. Tectonic plates are sometimes subdivided into three fairly arbitrary categories: major (or primary) plates, minor (or secondary) plates, and microplates (or tertiary plates).
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Vladimir Kanovei and Shelah give a construction of a definable, countably saturated elementary extension of the structure consisting of the reals and all finitary relations on it. In its most general form, transfer is a bounded elementary embedding between structures.
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The award was named after Roland Tibbetts of the National Science Foundation. Tibbetts Awards recognize accomplishments where, in the judgement of those closely involved and often most immediately affected, the stimulus of SBIR funding has made an important and definable difference.
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The seemingly more intuitive notion—that all complete types of the language are realized—turns out to be too weak (and is, appropriately, named weak saturation, which is the same as 1-saturation). The difference lies in the fact that many structures contain elements that are not definable (for example, any transcendental element of R is, by definition of the word, not definable in the language of fields). However, they still form a part of the structure, so we need types to describe relationships with them. Thus we allow sets of parameters from the structure in our definition of types.
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The foundation strives to support causes and projects that are viable, sustainable and well-managed with definable social outcomes. Today, TCTF continues his commitment towards advancing educational causes through professorships, scholarships and bursaries, and establishing strategic programmes in institutions of higher learning.
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However, his paintings were never regarded as frivolous, but had more of a richness and debonair quality to them. Stylistically, Rossello di Jacopo Franchi evolved with time but remained true to the details of his work and created a definable style for himself.
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The ω-regular languages are a class of ω-languages that generalize the definition of regular languages to infinite words. Büchi showed in 1962 that ω-regular languages are precisely the ones definable in a particular monadic second-order logic called S1S.
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VLFBERH+T (4 to 6 examples), 4. +VLFBERH┼T+ (1 or 2 examples), 5. +VLFBERH+T (10 examples), with a sixth class of "misspellings" (+VLEBERHIT, +VLFBEHT+, +VLFBERH+, +VLFBER├┼┼T, +VLFBERTH, 17 examples) and a seventh class "not definable" (31 or 32 examples).
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Many common notions from mathematics (e.g. surjective, injective, free object, basis, finite representation, isomorphism) are definable purely in category theoretic terms (cf. monomorphism, epimorphism). Category theory has been suggested as a foundation for mathematics on par with set theory and type theory (cf. topos).
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Eastern and western population are not morphologically or phylogenetically distinguishable, although noted for ecological differences that suggests definable groups of the species. The tolerance of the western and southern populations to alterations in fire regimes and frequency may also indicate divergence within the species.
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Given a set Γ of relations, there is a surprisingly close connection between its polymorphisms and the computational complexity of CSP(Γ). A relation R is called primitive positive definable, or short pp-definable, from a set Γ of relations if R(v1, ... , vk) ⇔ ∃x1 ... xm. C holds for some conjunction C of constraints from Γ and equations over the variables {v1,...,vk, x1,...,xm}. For example, if Γ consists of the ternary relation nae(x,y,z) holding if x,y,z are not all equal, and R(x,y,z) is x∨y∨z, then R can be pp-defined by R(x,y,z) ⇔ ∃a.
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Consider the expression: :"The smallest positive integer not definable in under sixty letters." Since there are only twenty-six letters in the English alphabet, there are finitely many phrases of under sixty letters, and hence finitely many positive integers that are defined by phrases of under sixty letters. Since there are infinitely many positive integers, this means that there are positive integers that cannot be defined by phrases of under sixty letters. If there are positive integers that satisfy a given property, then there is a smallest positive integer that satisfies that property; therefore, there is a smallest positive integer satisfying the property "not definable in under sixty letters".
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He wrote in his statement "About New Beacon Review" that his conception aimed "at the expression of the radical and the revolutionary. More easily definable in politics, and more complex and less easily definable, or indefinable, in the arts and culture". As an executive member of the Youth Council he produced their fortnightly radio programme Voice of Youth on Radio Trinidad; and in the mid-1950s, he co- authored with the calypsonian Raymond Quevedo – Attila the Hun – the first serious study of the calypso, originally entitled Kaiso, A Review, subsequently published as Atilla's Kaiso (1983).Linton Kwesi Johnson, "John la Rose", The Guardian, 4 March 2006.
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Suppose the set M is a transitive model of ZFC set theory. The transitivity of M implies that the integers and integer sequences inside M are actually integers and sequences of integers. An integer sequence is a definable sequence relative to M if there exists some formula P(x) in the language of set theory, with one free variable and no parameters, which is true in M for that integer sequence and false in M for all other integer sequences. In each such M, there are definable integer sequences that are not computable, such as sequences that encode the Turing jumps of computable sets.
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Such PETs range from simplistic on/off switches to sophisticated PETs using anonymization techniques (e.g. providing k-anonymity), or cryptograpic protocols. Only few LBS offer such PETs, e.g., Google Latitude offered an on/off switch and allows to stick one's position to a free definable location.
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The absolute threshold for taste is the minimum amount of sensation needed to elicit a response from receptors in the mouth. This amount of sensation has a definable value and is often considered to be a single drop of quinine sulfate in 250 gallons of water.
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Wilkie's theorem states that if we have any definable set in an Lexp structure K = (K,+,−,·,0,1,ex), say X ⊂ Km, then there will be an exponential variety in some higher dimension Kn such that the projection of this variety down onto Km will be precisely X.
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The author function does not affect all texts in the same way. For example, the author of a science text book is not as clear or definable as the author of a well known novel. It is not a spontaneous creation or entity, but a carefully constructed social position.
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Zermelo comments that Axiom III of his system is the one responsible for eliminating the antinomies. It differs from the original definition by Cantor, as follows. Sets cannot be independently defined by any arbitrary logically definable notion. They must be constructed in some way from previously constructed sets.
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Feast was released to critical acclaim. Paul Prayag of Record Mirror praised the album, awarding it a score of 4 out of 5 and writing: "Siouxsie and Budgie are wandering deeper and deeper into a jungle that looks like having no easily definable boundaries".Prayag, Paul. Feast review.
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The proliferation of popular music in the 20th century has led to over 1,200 definable sub-genres of music. Examples of fusion genres include jazz fusion, which is a fusion of jazz and rock music, and country rock which is a fusion of country music and rock music.
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The levels and sublevels are themselves Σ1 uniformly definable (i.e. the definition of Jα, n in Jβ does not depend on β), and have a uniform Σ1 well-ordering. Finally, the levels of the Jensen hierarchy satisfy a condensation lemma much like the levels of Gödel's original hierarchy.
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Microaggression can target and marginalize any definable group, including those who share an age grouping or belief system. Microaggression is a manifestation of bullying that employs micro-linguistic power plays in order to marginalize any target with a subtle manifestation of intolerance by signifying the concept of "other".
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He returns to this in the Posterior AnalyticsBook 2 ch. 7 92a 7. to argue that, though the word is definable, there can be no definition of the species as it has no members. He also uses the tragelaphos together with the Sphinx in the PhysicsBook 4 ch.
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The following is a list of usurpers – illegitimate or controversial claimants to the throne in a monarchy. The word usurper is a derogatory term, and as such not easily definable, as the person seizing power normally will try to legitimise his position, while denigrating that of his predecessor.
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Strong minimality was one of the early notions in the new field of classification theory and stability theory that was opened up by Morley's theorem on totally categorical structures. The nontrivial standard examples for strongly minimal theories are the one-sorted theories of infinite-dimensional vector spaces, and the theories ACFp of algebraically closed fields. As the example ACFp shows, the parametrically definable subsets of the square of the domain of a minimal structure can be relatively complicated ("curves"). More generally, a subset of a structure that is defined as the set of realizations of a formula φ(x) is called a minimal set if every parametrically definable subset of it is either finite or cofinite.
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The β function is arithmetically definable in an obvious way, because it uses only arithmetic operations and the remainder function which is arithmetically definable. It is therefore representable in Robinson arithmetic and stronger theories such as Peano arithmetic. By fixing the first two arguments appropriately, one can arrange that the values obtained by varying the final argument from 0 to n run through any specified (n+1)-tuple of natural numbers (the β lemma described in detail below). This allows simulating the quantification over sequences of natural numbers of arbitrary length, which cannot be done directly in the language of arithmetic, by quantification over just two numbers, to be used as the first two arguments of the β function.
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For example, a qualisign is always an icon, and is never an index or a symbol. He held that there were only ten classes of signs logically definable through those three universal trichotomies.See Collected Papers of Charles Sanders Peirce, v. 2, paragraphs 254–263, reprinted in Philosophical Writings of Peirce pp.
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A social holon does not possess a dominant monad; it possesses only a definable "we- ness", as it is a collective made up of individual holons.Luhmann, N. (1995). Social systems. Stanford University Press: California In addition, rather than possessing discrete agency, a social holon possesses what is defined as nexus agency.
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If V=L is assumed in addition to the axioms of ZF, a well ordering of the real numbers can be shown to be explicitly definable by a formula., chapter V. A real number may be either computable or uncomputable; either algorithmically random or not; and either arithmetically random or not.
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Phenomenological properties are not prima facie definable in terms of their causal roles. Establishing that phenomenological properties are amenable to individuation by causal role, therefore, requires argument. Chalmers provides his Dancing Qualia Argument for this purpose. Chalmers begins by assuming that agents with identical causal organizations could have different experiences.
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Similarly, the question whether the von Neumann universe contains real numbers that it cannot define cannot be expressed as a sentence in the language of ZFC. Moreover, there are countable models of ZFC in which all real numbers, all sets of real numbers, functions on the reals, etc. are definable .
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"Part of it was a desire to find violence that was, in the first place, directed toward some sort of purposeful end, and second, governed by a definable ethical code. And I think it's fairly obvious why I would want to do that," he told New York Magazine in 1994.
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The limit mentioned above is user definable. A larger limit will allow a greater difference between successive threshold values. Advantages of this can be quicker execution but with a less clear boundary between background and foreground. Picking starting thresholds is often done by taking the mean value of the grayscale image.
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In this regard, Giddens talks about virtual space and virtual time. Another distinctive property of modernity lies in the field of knowledge. In pre- modern societies, it was the elders who possessed the knowledge as they were definable in time and space. In modern societies, we must rely on expert systems.
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Cauchy real numbers can't be represented without this.Altenkirch, Thorsten, Thomas Anberrée, and Nuo Li. "Definable Quotients in Type Theory." Homotopy type theory works on resolving this problem. It allows one to define higher inductive types, which not only define first order constructors (values or points), but higher order constructors, i.e.
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Guarded bisimulations are objects which when analyzing guarded logic. All relations in a slightly modified standard relational algebra with guarded bisimulation and first-order definable are known as guarded relational algebra. This is denoted using GRA. Along with first-order guarded logic objects, there are objects of second-order guarded logic.
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The present courthouse was designed by E.N. Kinney and built by C.E. Atkinson from 1902 to 1903. The building follows no definable architectural style. with It featured a cupola with a clock and a statue of Justice on top. The building had major renovation projects in the 1920s and in 1961.
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Thus solid metals are not made of molecules. In glasses, which are solids that exist in a vitreous disordered state, the atoms are held together by chemical bonds with no presence of any definable molecule, nor any of the regularity of repeating unit-cellular-structure that characterizes salts, covalent crystals, and metals.
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Subsequent satellite images confirmed Bonnie no longer maintained a definable structure; following the final advisory by the NHC, the system was pronounced dissipated while located about 100 mi (160 km) from the mouth of the Mississippi River. The remnant low of Bonnie drifted west-northwestward before dissolving over southeast Louisiana on July 25.
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It may be a matter of expressing, through suitable pictural means, not only our epoch in its most intimate structure, but also in what it overtops. Our blindness, our differences, our bondages infallibly express themselves in our painting. The forces which govern us, interior as well as exterior, may not always be definable.
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Miami Springs is located at . According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of . of it is land and of it (1.34%) is water. Roughly speaking the core of Miami Springs (excluding the more recently annexed areas) is roughly shaped as a triangle with three definable sides.
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She experiments with various colors and uses easily definable lines in her paintings and murals. Ayala's paintings and murals display a mix of colorful images reminiscent of childhood, earthly materials such as rocks and water with a mix of ancient culture. This is the reason for the word "primitive" to describe her work.
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Each arithmetical set has an arithmetical formula which tells whether particular numbers are in the set. An alternative notion of definability allows for a formula that does not tell whether particular numbers are in the set but tells whether the set itself satisfies some arithmetical property. A set Y of natural numbers is implicitly arithmetical or implicitly arithmetically definable if it is definable with an arithmetical formula that is able to use Y as a parameter. That is, if there is a formula \theta(Z) in the language of Peano arithmetic with no free number variables and a new set parameter Z and set membership relation \in such that Y is the unique set Z such that \theta(Z) holds.
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Many of the modern borders of the Arab World were drawn by European imperial powers during the 19th and early 20th century. However, some of the larger states (in particular Egypt and Syria) have historically maintained geographically definable boundaries, on which some of the modern states are roughly based. The 14th-century Egyptian historian Al- Maqrizi, for instance, defines Egypt's boundaries as extending from the Mediterranean in the north to lower Nubia in the south; and between the Red Sea in the east and the oases of the Western/Libyan desert. The modern borders of Egypt, therefore, are not a creation of European powers, and are at least in part based on historically definable entities which are in turn based on certain cultural and ethnic identifications.
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The axiom schema of replacement states that if F is a definable class function, as above, and A is any set, then the image F[A] is also a set. This can be seen as a principle of smallness: the axiom states that if A is small enough to be a set, then F[A] is also small enough to be a set. It is implied by the stronger axiom of limitation of size. Because it is impossible to quantify over definable functions in first-order logic, one instance of the schema is included for each formula \phi in the language of set theory with free variables among w_1,\dotsc,w_n,A,x,y; but B is not free in \phi.
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With Theodore Slaman, Groszek showed that (if they exist at all) non-constructible real numbers must be widespread, in the sense that every perfect set contains one of them, and they asked analogous questions of the non-computable real numbers. With Slaman, she has also shown that the existence of a maximally independent set of Turing degrees, of cardinality less than the cardinality of the continuum, is independent of ZFC. In the theory of ordinal definable sets, an unordered pair of sets is said to be a Groszek–Laver pair if the pair is ordinal definable but neither of its two elements is; this concept is named for Groszek and Richard Laver, who observed the existence of such pairs in certain models of set theory.
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Every dependence logic sentence is equivalent to some sentence in the existential fragment of second- order logic,Väänänen 2007, §6.1 that is, to some second-order sentence of the form :\\!\exists R_1 \ldots \exists R_n \psi(R_1 \ldots R_n) where \psi(R_1 \ldots R_n) does not contain second-order quantifiers. Conversely, every second-order sentence in the above form is equivalent to some dependence logic sentence.Väänänen 2007, §6.3 As for open formulas, dependence logic corresponds to the downwards monotone fragment of existential second-order logic, in the sense that a nonempty class of teams is definable by a dependence logic formula if and only if the corresponding class of relations is downwards monotone and definable by an existential second-order formula.
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If Φ is a large cardinal notion, then the phrase "core model below Φ" refers to the definable inner model that exhibits the special properties under the assumption that there does not exist a cardinal satisfying Φ. The core model program seeks to analyze large cardinal axioms by determining the core models below them.
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The Berry paradox is a self-referential paradox arising from an expression like "The smallest positive integer not definable in under sixty letters" (a phrase with fifty-seven letters). Bertrand Russell, the first to discuss the paradox in print, attributed it to G. G. Berry (1867–1928), a junior librarian at Oxford's Bodleian library.
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Milton's version of God is characterized by the darker aspects of deus absconditus.Lieb p. 8 Milton's God is an "over- whelming force" that, in some of Milton's works, appears "as the embodiment of dread." Along with this, God is not definable, but some of his aspects are knowable: he is one, omnipresent, and eternal.
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A fuzzy concept may indeed provide more security, because it provides a meaning for something when an exact concept is unavailable – which is better than not being able to denote it at all. A concept such as God, although not easily definable, for instance can provide security to the believer.Karen Armstrong, The Case for God. New York: Anchor, 2010.
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Alien species varied from fairly humanoid to almost-unrecognizable. There are carbosilicate amorphs with no easily definable limbs or organs (the eponymous Sgt. Schlock), eight-limbed Gatekeepers, two-bodied Uklakk, and the unknowable Pa'anuri, beings made of dark matter. The number of sapient species descended from terran stock increased as Earth's genetic engineers refined their craft.
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Robotics simulations are made possible by integration with the Open Dynamics Engine. A plugin system allows for expanding the software in many ways. Version 5 introduced parallel threading support, numerous speed improvements, a help browser featuring an interface to the project's Wiki and auto-generated documentation, undo and redo using diffs and a definable undo depth. In addition, 5.0.
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But as > soon as one looks any further than this from the centre, the lines of > communication begin to branch and cross, threading their way into the entire > intellectual community of Europe and America. It is a circle with a > definable centre but an almost infinitely extendable periphery. Examples given of the "periphery" are John Winthrop and Balthazar Gerbier.
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In mathematical logic, a definable set is an n-ary relation on the domain of a structure whose elements are precisely those elements satisfying some formula in the first-order language of that structure. A set can be defined with or without parameters, which are elements of the domain that can be referenced in the formula defining the relation.
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Petronilla's gown is red; however, overall the colors in heaven are cooler and crisp. It lends a feeling of freshness, cleanliness and purity. There remains some relative clarity in the garments worn in the upper tier of the painting, however, when compared to the lower tier, the clarity is more defined. The lines are clearer and depths more definable.
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Non-classical isosteres do not obey the above classifications, but they still produce similar biological effects in vivo. Non-classical isosteres may be made up of similar atoms, but their structures do not follow an easily definable set of rules. The isostere concept was formulated by Irving Langmuir in 1919,Irving Langmuir. Isomorphism, isosterism and covalence.
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For example, suppose n is a non-standard natural number, then (n-1) \in n and (n-2) \in (n-1), and so on. For any actual natural number k, (n-k-1) \in (n-k). This is an unending descending sequence of elements. But this sequence is not definable in the model and thus not a set.
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It remains unresolved how widely or officially accepted this change is or will be, and how this will affect Clinical Engineering Certification (CCE) or the formal recognition of clinical engineering as a subset of biomedical engineering. For regulatory and licensure reasons true engineering specialities must be definable in a way that distinguishes them from technicians with whom they work.
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The class of real closed rings is first-order axiomatizable and undecidable. The class of all real closed valuation rings is decidable (by Cherlin-Dickmann) and the class of all real closed fields is decidable (by Tarski). After naming a definable radical relation, real closed rings have a model companion, namely von Neumann regular real closed rings.
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This is standard or "high" German, although the Scheer grave carries an inscription "De Heer is myn Herder" (The Lord is my shepherd) in Platt Deutsch, the dialect that was spoken at home although seldom written. The graves are arranged in clearly definable family plots. Until comparatively recently. these were each bordered by a neat fence.
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In the study of graph algorithms, Courcelle's theorem is the statement that every graph property definable in the monadic second-order logic of graphs can be decided in linear time on graphs of bounded treewidth.... The result was first proved by Bruno Courcelle in 1990 and independently rediscovered by .. It is considered the archetype of algorithmic meta-theorems...
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Monochrome (usually green) or color screens were usually included in the price. The APC III's 'on- board' video controller meant that upgrades (other than internally mounted video memory) could not be achieved, and the display was stuck at 640×400×3. The NEC APC series supported a proprietary NEC APC character set and user- definable fonts in text mode.
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A set X of natural numbers is arithmetical or arithmetically definable if there is a formula φ(n) in the language of Peano arithmetic such that each number n is in X if and only if φ(n) holds in the standard model of arithmetic. Similarly, a k-ary relation R(n_1,\ldots,n_k) is arithmetical if there is a formula \psi(n_1,\ldots,n_k) such that R(n_1,\ldots,n_k) \iff \psi(n_1,\ldots,n_k) holds for all k-tuples (n_1,\ldots,n_k) of natural numbers. A finitary function on the natural numbers is called arithmetical if its graph is an arithmetical binary relation. A set A is said to be arithmetical in a set B if A is definable by an arithmetical formula which has B as a set parameter.
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Each of the first eight letters stands for a discernable category of disorder, potentially found in an individual with an AUB symptom (Figure 2). The “PALM” categories comprise disorders that are definable by imaging and/or histopathological evaluation (polyps, adenomyosis, leiomyomas, malignancy and hyperplasia), while the “COEI” classifications are not definable structurally (coagulopathies, ovulatory disorders, endometrial disorders, iatrogenic). Coagulopathies require confirmation by laboratory testing, while, at least for the present, ovulatory and endometrial disorders are primarily, and at least clinically, defined by a structured history. Irregular ovulation or anovulation can be supported by a number of laboratory and histopathological assessments, not typically applied in clinical settings. The “N” classification, originally “Not yet classified” now “Not otherwise classified” is reserved for entities that are rare or of undetermined relationship to AUB symptoms.
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In set theory, Hamkins has investigated the indestructibility phenomenon of large cardinals, proving that small forcing necessarily ruins the indestructibility of supercompact and other large cardinals and introducing the lottery preparation as a general method of forcing indestructibility. Hamkins introduced the modal logic of forcing and proved with Benedikt Löwe that if ZFC is consistent, then the ZFC-provably valid principles of forcing are exactly those in the modal theory known as S4.2. Hamkins, Linetsky and Reitz proved that every countable model of Gödel-Bernays set theory has a class forcing extension to a pointwise definable model, in which every set and class is definable without parameters. Hamkins and Reitz introduced the ground axiom, which asserts that the set- theoretic universe is not a forcing extension of any inner model by set forcing.
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Pruritic papular eruption (PPE) is characterized chronic pruritus and symmetric papular and pustular on the extensor surfaces of the arms, dorsum of the hands, trunk, and face with sparing of the palms and soles. with the absence of other definable causes of itching in an HIV infected patient. PPE seems to be much more prevalent in less developed regions of the world.
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This narrative is structured with an unmistakable beginning, middle and end, and generally there is a distinct resolution. Utilizing actors, events, causal effects, main points, and secondary points are basic characteristics of this type of narrative. The characters in classical Hollywood cinema have clearly definable traits, are active, and very goal oriented. They are causal agents motivated by psychological rather than social concerns.
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The social anxiety regarding identity is reflected in novels such as The Woman in White and Lady Audley's Secret. Sensation fiction is commonly seen to have emerged as a definable genre in the wake of three novels: Wilkie Collins's The Woman in White (1859–60); Ellen (Mrs. Henry) Wood's East Lynne (1861); and Mary Elizabeth Braddon's Lady Audley's Secret (1862).Loesberg, Jonathan.
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The periods are intended to bridge the gap between the algebraic numbers and the transcendental numbers. The class of algebraic numbers is too narrow to include many common mathematical constants, while the set of transcendental numbers is not countable, and its members are not generally computable. The set of all periods is countable, and all periods are computable , and in particular definable.
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Design standards, reference standards and performance standards are familiar throughout business and industry, virtually for anything that is definable. Sustainable design, taken as reducing our impact on the earth and making things better at the same time, is in the process of becoming defined. Also, many well organized specific methodologies are used by different communities of people for a variety of purposes.
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Sound information is processed in the temporal lobe of the CNS, specifically in the primary auditory cortex. The absolute threshold for sound is the minimum amount of sensation needed to elicit a response from receptors in the ears. This amount of sensation has a definable value and is often considered to be a watch ticking in an otherwise soundless environment 20 feet away.
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The wing venation is almost exactly the same as that seen in the modern genera Schlettererius and Megischus. The hind legs show a typical crown wasp structure, having an inflated tibia, and a lengthened tarsus that is divided into three segments. There is no definable male genitalia on the type specimen; rather, there is a probable ovipositor indicating the specimen is female.
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In other words, if the relation \phi represents a definable function f, A represents its domain, and f(x) is a set for every x \in A, then the range of f is a subset of some set B. The form stated here, in which B may be larger than strictly necessary, is sometimes called the axiom schema of collection.
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In three dimensions, close-packed structures offer the best lattice packing of spheres, and is believed to be the optimal of all packings. With 'simple' sphere packings in three dimensions ('simple' being carefully defined) there are nine possible definable packings. The 8-dimensional E8 lattice and 24-dimensional Leech lattice have also been proven to be optimal in their respective real dimensional space.
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The battle was the first clearly definable French victory of the war. The Paras and their commanders enjoyed immense popularity with the Pied-noirs and this sense of exuberance and strength would reach its zenith during the May 1958 crisis. The FLN losses are impossible to determine accurately. In addition to the publicised FLN deaths there were many who simply disappeared.
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The Rieger–Nishimura lattice. Its nodes are the propositional formulas in one variable up to intuitionistic logical equivalence, ordered by intuitionistic logical implication. The syntax of formulas of intuitionistic logic is similar to propositional logic or first-order logic. However, intuitionistic connectives are not definable in terms of each other in the same way as in classical logic, hence their choice matters.
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114, "Conservative ideas are, thus, more genuine and profound than many critics suggest, but such unity as they have is purely negative, definable only by its opposition and rejection of abstract, universal, and ideal principles..." Russell Kirk saw the American Revolution itself as "a conservative reaction, in the English political tradition, against royal innovation".Russell Kirk, The Conservative Mind (1950), pp. 6, 63.
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With the introduction of Oracle 11g in July 2007 the OWB version was updated to 11gR1 (11g Release 1). Version 11.2 (11g Release 2) was released with the 11gR2 Oracle Database in September 2009. Its features include support for Oracle OBI EE, and native access to an extensible set of non-Oracle platforms using customizable and user-definable code templates.
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The following list of disasters in Estonia is a list of major disasters (excluding conventional acts of war but including acts of terrorism) which relate to Estonia or involved its citizens, in a definable incident or accident such as a shipwreck, where the loss of life was five or more, while some traffic accidents with under ten victims may be excluded.
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Philosophers from the ancient time sought to describe hatred and today, there are different definitions available. Aristotle, for instance, viewed it as distinct from anger and rage, describing hate as a desire to annihilate an object and is incurable by time. David Hume also offered his own conceptualization, maintaining that hatred is an irreducible feeling that is not definable at all.
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For example, morphemes that express spatial relationships (prepositions or postpositions in many other languages) are incorporated into the noun to which they relate. Words consist of easily definable roots and productive grammatical morphemes, most of which are suffixes. Nivkh has no adjectives, but rather verbs that describe a state of being. There are two verb tenses: non-future and future.
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The limits of the plateau are easily definable. The southern boundary is marked by the Berlin Valley, through which the River Spree flows. To the west, the boundary between Barnim and the Glien Plateau is marked by a north-south glacial valley. To the north and north east is the boundary with the Eberswald Valley, and in the east, Lubusz Land.
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In set theory, the axiom schema of replacement is a schema of axioms in Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory (ZF) that asserts that the image of any set under any definable mapping is also a set. It is necessary for the construction of certain infinite sets in ZF. The axiom schema is motivated by the idea that whether a class is a set depends only on the cardinality of the class, not on the rank of its elements. Thus, if one class is "small enough" to be a set, and there is a surjection from that class to a second class, the axiom states that the second class is also a set. However, because ZFC only speaks of sets, not proper classes, the schema is stated only for definable surjections, which are identified with their defining formulas.
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In semiotics, linguistics, sociology and anthropology, context refers to those objects or entities which surround a focal event, in these disciplines typically a communicative event, of some kind. Context is "a frame that surrounds the event and provides resources for its appropriate interpretation". It is thus a relative concept, only definable with respect to some focal event within a frame, not independently of that frame.
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From these facts we can conclude that there is a definable ratio between rotation, time and flow volume. Therefore, these pumps can produce a constant dosing volume via the parameters of time or rotation, when used in an application. This results in a guaranteed dosing accuracy of 1% at the pump outlet (depending on the medium). This figure is often even better in practice.
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The objects of study in \alpha recursion are subsets of \alpha. A is said to be \alpha recursively enumerable if it is \Sigma_1 definable over L_\alpha. A is recursive if both A and \alpha \setminus A (its complement in \alpha) are \alpha recursively enumerable. Members of L_\alpha are called \alpha finite and play a similar role to the finite numbers in classical recursion theory.
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The first result in this direction was obtained by Lindström (1966) who showed that a type (1,1) quantifier was not definable in terms of a type (1) quantifier. After Lauri Hella (1989) developed a general technique for proving the relative expressiveness of quantifiers, the resulting hierarchy turned out to be lexicographically ordered by quantifier type: ::(1) < (1, 1) < . . . < (2) < (2, 1) < (2, 1, 1) < . . . < (2, 2) < . . .
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Revised version in Information and Control, 68 (1986), 86–104. and Vardi independently showed the descriptive complexity result that the polynomial-time computable properties of linearly ordered structures are definable in FO(LFP), i.e. in first-order logic with a least fixed point operator. However, FO(LFP) is too weak to express all polynomial-time properties of unordered structures (for instance that a structure has even size).
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Rather, it asserts that given any set X, any subset of X definable using first-order logic exists. The object R discussed above cannot be constructed in this fashion, and is therefore not a ZFC set. In some extensions of ZFC, objects like R are called proper classes. ZFC is silent about types, although the cumulative hierarchy has a notion of layers that resemble types.
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For thousands of years, this area of New York had been settled by distinct cultures of indigenous peoples. The most recent prehistoric peoples were the Owasco, who appeared to migrate from southern areas and displaced the Point Peninsula Complex peoples. However, a 2011 paper by archaeologist Dr. John P. Hart argues there was no definable Owasco culture. They lived in isolated villages and had frequent warfare.
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Given a mathematical structure, there are very often associated structures which can be constructed as a quotient of part of the original structure via an equivalence relation. An important example is a quotient group of a group. One might say that to understand the full structure one must understand these quotients. When the equivalence relation is definable, we can give the previous sentence a precise meaning.
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The rules for converting a formula to prenex form make heavy use of classical logic. In intuitionistic logic, it is not true that every formula is logically equivalent to a prenex formula. The negation connective is one obstacle, but not the only one. The implication operator is also treated differently in intuitionistic logic than classical logic; in intuitionistic logic, it is not definable using disjunction and negation.
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The following list of disasters in Great Britain and Ireland is a list of major disasters (excluding acts of war but including acts of terrorism) which relate to the United Kingdom or Ireland, or to the states that preceded them, or that involved their citizens, in a definable incident or accident such as a shipwreck, where the loss of life was forty or more.
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The Huffington Post, has referred to his signature style as "Gothic Folk", a moniker echoed in a June 2015 review by Guardian Liberty Voice. The Global Music Awards gave Nassuet a gold medal for "Alternative Rock Gothic Folk". Review Fix said that Nassuet "put a definable face on the gothic rock genre." Blogcritics compared his style to the Celtic music, Operatic Rock, and Grunge genres.
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Kleene and Rosser were able to show that both systems are able to characterize and enumerate their provably total, definable number-theoretic functions, which enabled them to construct a term that essentially replicates the Richard paradox in formal language. Curry later managed to identify the crucial ingredients of the calculi that allowed the construction of this paradox, and used this to construct a much simpler paradox, now known as Curry's paradox.
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Around the same time, he also became one half of the production duo Phuturistix, and has been engaged in remixing duties for many well known artists. Bias' releases, which explore a more experimental or progressive side of the 2-step garage sound, have been hailed as a crucial element in the establishment of dubstep as a definable sound or genre.Clark, Martin. "The month in grime/dubstep", Pitchfork Media, 25 January 2006.
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Many logical flaws were found in COBOL 60, leading GE's Charles Katz to warn that it could not be interpreted unambiguously. A reluctant short-term committee enacted a total cleanup and, by March 1963, it was reported that COBOL's syntax was as definable as ALGOL's, although semantic ambiguities remained. Early COBOL compilers were primitive and slow. A 1962 US Navy evaluation found compilation speeds of 3–11 statements per minute.
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Stanley Tennenbaum (April 11, 1927 – May 4, 2005) was an American mathematician who contributed to the field of logic. In 1959, he published Tennenbaum's theorem, which states that no countable nonstandard model of Peano arithmetic (PA) can be recursive, i.e. the operations + and × of a nonstandard model of PA are not recursively definable in the + and × operations of the standard model. He was a Professor at Yeshiva University in the 1960s.
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The Berry paradox as formulated above arises because of systematic ambiguity in the word "definable". In other formulations of the Berry paradox, such as one that instead reads: "...not nameable in less..." the term "nameable" is also one that has this systematic ambiguity. Terms of this kind give rise to vicious circle fallacies. Other terms with this type of ambiguity are: satisfiable, true, false, function, property, class, relation, cardinal, and ordinal.
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In Classical Greece, the sculptor Polykleitos (fifth centuy BCE) established the Canon of Polykleitos. Though his theoretical treatise is lost to history, he is quoted as saying, "Perfection ... comes about little by little () through many numbers".Philo, Mechanicus (4.1, 49.20), quoted in . By this he meant that a statue should be composed of clearly definable parts, all related to one another through a system of ideal mathematical proportions and balance.
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The CT4100 model had the same form factor as other CT series machines, but was the only Chromatics system with character-cell (not pixel-addressable) graphics. It was intended to directly compete in the process control display terminal market, against Hughey's previous company, Intelligent Systems. Due to the limited graphics flexibility available in this type of display, the CT4100 also included a downloadable character set allowing user-definable glyphs.
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Many theorists continue to assert the idea that race is a social construct based on a person’s physical appearance, which is not a matter of any actual biological differences between people, and is not a definable, meaningful or useful concept when applied to human beings because there is only one human race. Others respond that although this viewpoint may be biologically accurate, it leads nowhere in our understanding of race issues.
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Distribution is handled using Versant Asynchronous Replication (VAR), a channel driven, master-slave or peer-to-peer replication framework with rule based conflict detection and resolution. An administrator uses a utility to define replication channels. Channels are named entities that define a scope of replication within a physical node. The "scope" can be anything from full database replication to something as fine grained as anything definable by a Versant query.
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Conversely, C-fiber receptors are unmyelinated and slowly transmit. These receptors conduct slow, burning, diffuse pain. The absolute threshold for touch is the minimum amount of sensation needed to elicit a response from touch receptors. This amount of sensation has a definable value and is often considered to be the force exerted by dropping the wing of a bee onto a person's cheek from a distance of one centimeter.
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In terms of technology, the EDL runs on the Collection Workflow Integration System (CWIS), which was specifically created to help build collections in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math for the National Science Digital Library. Because of this system, the EDL enjoys many features, including Amazon resource annotations and ratings, keyword searching, RSS feed support, an integrated metadata editing tool, prepackaged taxonomies, user-definable schema, and even user interface themes.
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Nondeterministic Muller, Rabin, Streett, and parity tree automata recognize the same set of tree languages, and thus have the same expressive power. But nondeterministic Büchi tree automata are strictly weaker, i.e., there exists a tree language that can be recognized by a Rabin tree automaton but cannot be recognized by any Büchi tree automaton.Rabin, M. O.: Weakly definable relations and special automata,Mathematical logic and foundation of set theory, pp.
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The AZ-1 features 2 switches, 2 wheels, and 1 slider that transmit assignable MIDI continuous controller data as the user deems fit. It has a pitch wheel for shifting the sound up or down fractions of a note. Other non-definable controllers include Solo, Sustain, Portamento and a three position octave slider. The AZ-1 has one MIDI output, and can simultaneously transmit on two selectable midi channels.
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The lexical field is often used in English to describe terms further with use of different words. Trier's theory assumes that lexical fields are easily definable closed sets,David Kronenfeld and Gabriella Rundblad in Regine Eckardt, Klaus von Heusinger, Christoph Schwarze, Words in Time, Walter de Gruyter, 2003, p68. with no overlapping meanings or gaps. These assumptions have been questioned and the theory has been modified since its original formulation.
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Also, many PDAs and lately tablet PCs can already convert pen (also called stylus) movements on their touchscreens to computer understandable text successfully. Mouse gestures use this principle by using mouse movements instead of a stylus. Mouse gesture programs convert these strokes to user-definable actions, such as typing text. Similarly, graphics tablets and light pens can be used to input these gestures, however, these are less common every day.
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Example of work breakdown structure applied in a NASA reporting structureNASA (2001). NASA NPR 9501.2D. May 23, 2001. The work breakdown structure provides a common framework for the natural development of the overall planning and control of a contract and is the basis for dividing work into definable increments from which the statement of work can be developed and technical, schedule, cost, and labor hour reporting can be established.
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They are usually created with the intention of generating a specific result not achievable using conic curves. At times they are created using combinations of definable curves but not always. Modern light tracing software can generate curves using impact angles to generate a point cloud to define a required shape. Aconic reflectors are used in ultra violet light UV curing devices to smooth light density for a more uniform curing pattern.
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Unlike other cities, Karmah had no definable perimeter to hold, making it easy for outsiders to access. In addition, as insurgents were pushed out of Baghdad by other offensives they found it easy to flee to Karmah. In early September, Kilo Company moved into a cluster of villages northeast of Karmah that was the last major insurgent staging ground in Anbar. The insurgents fled without firing a shot.
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The Final Match layout is a 6-wicket Oxford style, with a centre stake (coming into contact with the stake before passing through the final wicket results in disqualification) - the same format played under the 'Masters of the University' banner. The differing nature between the three rounds' matches is to ensure that the eventual Champion will exhibit a definable level of skill, as was needed during the four tournament UBC era.
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The disease is not easily definable. The main form of diagnosis is presumptive, if the person has the usual triad of preaxial polydactyly with cutaneous syndactyly of at least one limb, macrocephaly, and hypertelorism. However, a definitive diagnosis can be made if there is a phenotype that is caused by a Gcps and a Gli3 gene mutation. It can also be made if the person has a family member or relative with the disease.
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The Allmusic review by Michael G. Nastos awarded the album 4 stars stating "Because Friedlander explores many avenues of improvisation and composition, he can't be pegged; his work doesn't fit into a definable bag. You could call it great modern music, and that would be enough. The sounds are challenging, eminently accessible, and definitely compelling, marking more progress in this marvelous musician's burgeoning career. Highly recommended, and a step beyond his previous CD, Topaz".
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Bob and wheel is the term for a pairing of two metrical schemes. The wheel is a type of rhythm used in hymns or narrative songs sung in European churches or gatherings from the 12th to the 16th Centuries. A wheel occurs when at the end of each stanza, the song and the lyric return to some peculiar rhythm. In some instances the wheel is a return to something that resembles no definable poetic rhythm.
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The modern theory of Hardy fields doesn't restrict to real functions but to those defined in certain structures expanding real closed fields. Indeed, if R is an o-minimal expansion of a field, then the set of unary definable functions in R that are defined for all sufficiently large elements forms a Hardy field denoted H(R). The properties of Hardy fields in the real setting still hold in this more general setting.
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Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2001. pp. 132–33 In One's Company, for example, Fleming reports that Beijing was "lacking in charm", Harbin was a city of "no easily definable character". Changchun was "entirely characterless", and Shenyang was "non-descript and suburban". However, Fleming also provides insights into Manchukuo, the Japanese puppet state in Manchuria, which helped contemporary readers to understand Chinese resentment and resistance, and the aftermath of the Kumul Rebellion.
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Although genres are not always precisely definable, genre considerations are one of the most important factors in determining what a person will see or read. The classification properties of genre can attract or repel potential users depending on the individual's understanding of a genre. Genre creates an expectation in that expectation is met or not. Many genres have built-in audiences and corresponding publications that support them, such as magazines and websites.
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SAL supports integer and string data types. An integer in SAL is a 32-bit base-2 signed integral numeric; a string is a (declared) fixed-size array of characters, with a maximum definable length of 255 characters. SAL APIs support creation of arbitrary buffers, including non-interactive buffers not visible to the user. Many functions are available to access and manipulate buffers and their contents, effectively acting as very large text containers.
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Teredo is another IPv6 transition technology that encodes the originating IPv4 address in the IPv6 address. However, the encoding format encodes the Teredo server address and tunnel information before the IPv4 client address. Thus there is no definable set of prefixes more specific than 2001:0::/32 for Teredo packets with martian end-site addresses. It is, however, possible to spoof Teredo packets with the Teredo server IPv4 address set to a martian.
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Therefore, there is no need for the Standard Model Higgs boson and each quark mass is derived from the interaction between each pair of primons by means of three Higgs-like bosons. In his 1989 Nobel Prize acceptance lecture, Hans Dehmelt described a most fundamental elementary particle, with definable properties, which he called the cosmon, as the likely end result of a long but finite chain of increasingly more elementary particles. See also references therein.
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The Point Peninsula people of the Middle Woodland period lived by hunting and gathering, supplemented by agriculture. Around 900 CE, Point Peninsula artifacts in New York were replaced by Owasco culture artifacts. However, a 2011 paper by archaeologist Dr. John P. Hart argues there was no definable Owasco culture. Archaeologists believe these indicated the presence of Clemson Island peoples' spreading northward and intermingling with the Point Peninsula complex through the years of 1300.
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Odorant binding to G protein coupled receptors activates adenylate cyclase, which converts ATP to camp. cAMP, in turn, promotes the opening of sodium channels resulting in a localized potential. The absolute threshold for smell is the minimum amount of sensation needed to elicit a response from receptors in the nose. This amount of sensation has a definable value and is often considered to be a single drop of perfume in a six-room house.
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Federal judge Janet Hall presided over the jury trial. Subsequently, the jury ruled that operating systems were not a definable market, thus Bristol did not have standing to sue under antitrust law. The jury did find that Microsoft violated Connecticut's Unfair Trade Practices Act; however, the jury could not quantify damages and only awarded Bristol $1. In a later ruling, Judge Hall awarded Bristol $1 million in punitive damages and $3.7 million in legal fees.
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There are several clearly definable types of place name, the primary division being between the names of natural features and the names of human settlements. That the latter are 'places' is obvious. The case is slightly more ambiguous for natural features, depending on how exactly 'place' is defined, and what exactly the concept of a 'place' is used for. If, as is probable, natural features were originally given names to distinguish nearby hills, streams etc.
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More minor property rights may be created by contract, as in the case of easements, covenants, and equitable servitudes. A separate distinction is evident where the rights granted are insufficiently substantial to confer on the nonowner a definable interest or right in the thing. The clearest example of these rights is the license. In general, even if licenses are created by a binding contract, they do not give rise to property interests.
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The Greek philosopher Pyrrho traveled to India as part of Alexander the Great's entourage where he was influenced by the Indian gymnosophists, which inspired him to create the philosophy of Pyrrhonism. Philologist Christopher Beckwith has demonstrated that Pyrrho based his philosophy on his translation of the three marks of existence into Greek, and that adiaphora (not logically differentiable, not clearly definable, negating Aristotle's use of "diaphora") reflects Pyrrho's understanding of the Buddhist concept of anatta.
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The second-order language of arithmetic is the same as the first-order language, except that variables and quantifiers are allowed to range over sets of naturals. A real that is second-order definable in the language of arithmetic is called analytical. Every computable real number is arithmetical, and the arithmetical numbers form a subfield of the reals, as do the analytical numbers. Every arithmetical number is analytical, but not every analytical number is arithmetical.
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Fix an L-structure M, and a natural number n. The set of definable subsets of M^n over some parameters A is a Boolean algebra. By Stone's representation theorem for Boolean algebras there is a natural dual notion to this. One can consider this to be the topological space consisting of maximal consistent sets of formulae over A. We call this the space of (complete) n-types over A, and write S_n(A).
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In early 2007 houses sold in Upper Phillimore Gardens, immediately east of Holland Park, for over £20 million. Brompton is another definable area of Kensington. The Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea forms part of the most densely populated local government district in the United Kingdom. This high density has come about through the subdivision of large mid-rise Georgian and Victorian terraced houses (generally of four to six floors) into flats.
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The Aire Gap's boundaries are only vaguely definable The Pennines form a natural barrier to east-west communications, but the Tyne Gap links Carlisle and Newcastle and the Aire Gap links Lancashire and Yorkshire.The Met office Its extent is vague, a 19th-century author wrote: The Aire Gap is of considerable strategic importance and historically Skipton Castle controlled the area.The Yorkshire Dales website Skipton is now considered more central to the Aire Gap than terminal.
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Milepost gcc: Machine learning enabled self-tuning compiler International journal of parallel programming, Volume 39, Issue 3, pp. 296-327, June 2011 (link) . The ICI framework acts as a "middleware" interface between the compiler and the user-definable plugins. It opens up and reuses the production-quality compiler infrastructure to enable program analysis and instrumentation, fine-grain program optimizations, simple prototyping of new development and research ideas while avoiding building new compilation tools from scratch.
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Biodiversity is not singularly definable but may be understood via a series of management principles under BAPs, such as: 1\. that biodiversity is conserved across all levels and scales – structure, function and composition are conserved at site, regional, state and national scales. 2\. that examples of all ecological communities are adequately managed for conservation. 3\. ecological communities are managed to support and enhance viable populations of animals, fungi, micro-organisms and plants and ecological functions.
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In order to sustain its deductive integrity, a deductive apparatus must be definable without reference to any intended interpretation of the language. The aim is to ensure that each line of a derivation is merely a syntactic consequence of the lines that precede it. There should be no element of any interpretation of the language that gets involved with the deductive nature of the system. An example of deductive system is first order predicate logic.
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Historically, other terms have been used to describe these symptoms. Symptoms of functional neurological disorders are clinically recognisable, but are not categorically associated with a definable organic disease. The intended contrast is with an organic brain syndrome, although the terms imply a level of certainty about causation that is often clinically unconfirmed. Subsets of functional neurological disorders include functional neurological symptom disorder (FNsD), conversion disorder, and psychogenic movement disorder/non-epileptic seizures.
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These are also of interest while wanting to find a representative using some distance other than squared euclidean distance (for instance in movie-ratings). For some data sets there may be more than one medoid, as with medians. A common application of the medoid is the k-medoids clustering algorithm, which is similar to the k-means algorithm but works when a mean or centroid is not definable. This algorithm basically works as follows.
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According to gender theorist Kate Bornstein, gender can have ambiguity and fluidity.Bornstein, Kate (1995). Gender Outlaw – On Men, Women and the rest of us, Vintage, pp. 51–52 There are two contrasting ideas regarding the definition of gender, and the intersection of both of them is definable as below: The World Health Organization defines gender as the result of socially constructed ideas about the behavior, actions, and roles a particular sex performs.
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Forbes Point is a point forming the east side of the entrance to Lester Cove, Andvord Bay, on the west coast of Graham Land, Antarctica. The name "Forbes Hill" was given by Scottish geologist David Ferguson in 1913–14 to a corner or spur of the plateau escarpment which is not a definable feature. From it, however, a ridge runs down to a prominent point useful for reference purposes, to which the name Forbes has been applied.
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The argument clearly depends on the assumption that if 'good' were definable, it would be an analytic truth about 'good', an assumption that many contemporary moral realists like Richard Boyd and Peter Railton reject. Other responses appeal to the Fregean distinction between sense and reference, allowing that value concepts are special and sui generis, but insisting that value properties are nothing but natural properties (this strategy is similar to that taken by non-reductive materialists in philosophy of mind).
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The term "algebra" denotes both a subject, namely the subject of algebra, and an object, namely an algebraic structure. Whereas the foregoing has addressed the subject of Boolean algebra, this section deals with mathematical objects called Boolean algebras, defined in full generality as any model of the Boolean laws. We begin with a special case of the notion definable without reference to the laws, namely concrete Boolean algebras, and then give the formal definition of the general notion.
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Functional neuroimaging studies have to be carefully designed and interpreted with care. Statistical analysis (often using a technique called statistical parametric mapping) is often needed so that the different sources of activation within the brain can be distinguished from one another. This can be particularly challenging when considering processes which are difficult to conceptualise or have no easily definable task associated with them (for example belief and consciousness). Functional neuroimaging of interesting phenomena often gets cited in the press.
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The appearance of the headmaster made the pupils calm down. :c. The breaking of the dam let the water flow from the storage lake. :d. The abating of the wind let the sailboat slow down. In this series of scenarios, various kinds of causation are described. Furthermore, a basic relationship between the concepts of ‘causing something to happen’ and ‘letting something happen’ emerges, definable in terms of the balance between the force entities and the resultants of the interaction.
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In mathematical logic, a judgment (or judgement) or assertion is a statement or enunciation in the metalanguage. For example, typical judgments in first- order logic would be that a string is a well-formed formula, or that a proposition is true. Similarly, a judgment may assert the occurrence of a free variable in an expression of the object language, or the provability of a proposition. In general, a judgment may be any inductively definable assertion in the metatheory.
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Multisite is Checkmk’s web GUI. In addition to having a quick page layout, it offers user-definable views and dashboards, distributed monitoring by integrating multiple monitoring instances via Livestatus, integration of NagVis, an integrated LDAP connection, access to status data via web services, and much more. Dashboards and views can be differentiated for various users or groups of users, for example vSphere-specific views for VMware admins. The web GUI is currently available both in German and English.
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She is a goddess of "no definable type", with several origins and a range of different characteristics and functions. Based on what little they knew of her rites and attributes, Roman historians speculated her true name and identity. Festus describes her as identical with a "women's goddess" named Damia, which Georges Dumézil sees as an ancient misreading of Greek "Demeter"., cites Dumézil's theory that "Damia" was perhaps probably an ancient misreading or mistranslation of "Demeter", later institutionalised.
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In 1905, the Hungarian mathematician Julius König published a paradox based on the fact that there are only countably many finite definitions. If we imagine the real numbers as a well- ordered set, those real numbers which can be finitely defined form a subset. Hence in this well-order there should be a first real number that is not finitely definable. This is paradoxical, because this real number has just been finitely defined by the last sentence.
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He gently berates the rhapsode for being Protean, which after all, is exactly what a rhapsode is: a man who is convincingly capable of being different people on stage. Through his character Socrates, Plato argues that “Ion’s talent as an interpreter cannot be an art, a definable body of knowledge or an ordered system of skills,” but instead must come from the divine inspiration of the Muses.Barrish, J., The Antitheatrical Prejudice, p. 12. University of California Press, 1981.
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Reactor includes a large number of forces that can be used in simulation, apart from the default gravity: springs, dashpots, motors, wind, fractures (breakable objects), even a "toy car" type, with definable body/axis/wheels. Reactor also has many constraints available, including hinges, point-to-point constraints, prismatic constraints, car-wheel constraints, point-to-path constraints, and even ragdoll constraints to realistically simulate a lifeless body. In addition, reactor is compatible with Space Warp modifiers in 3ds max.
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In an interpretive letter dated June 24, 1981, Federal OSHA discussed the guarding dilemma presented by the alligator shear. > In instances where the shear is exclusively used for routine cuts on > standardized stock, safeguarding of the point of operation is definable. In > other instances, the operator is safeguarded from exposure to the point of > operation by the physical size and configuration of the material being cut. These practical considerations for guarding are not exclusive to alligator shears.
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The axiom systems most often considered in reverse mathematics are defined using axiom schemes called comprehension schemes. Such a scheme states that any set of natural numbers definable by a formula of a given complexity exists. In this context, the complexity of formulas is measured using the arithmetical hierarchy and analytical hierarchy. The reason that reverse mathematics is not carried out using set theory as a base system is that the language of set theory is too expressive.
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This album captures the band's MO of trying out new styles and genres, with a definable mix of funk metal in the songs this time around. The album is considered to be the point where the band had begun to evolve their stoner and blues rock know-how. With that said, the record also keeps with their punk metal credentials, containing some heavier tracks. The album is considered a staple of the 1990s stoner rock genre.
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Yarkhill is a village in Herefordshire, England located about from both Hereford and Ledbury. The village is Anglo-Saxon in origin and is a much dispersed parish, with no definable nucleus, of approximately 145 homes spread over some , comprising about 300 people. It borders the villages of Ashperton, Stoke Edith, Stretton Grandison, Tarrington and Weston Beggard. Yarkhill lies in the valley of the River Frome; in 811 the name of this settlement was Geardcylle, meaning enclosure with a kiln.
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Documents are user-definable. They are defined in XML Schema and they are, in essence, only a structure containing cells that make reference to instances of Templates. This represents a view on all lifecycle data: since the data model is a 4D (space- time) model, it is possible to present the data that was valid at any given point in time, thus providing a true historical record. It is expected that this will be used for Knowledge Mining.
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MaxiSun supports a range of standard data manipulation features right out of the box, but since it has full user definable .Net macro capability, literally any transformation can be achieved. 3\. Load In the load phase the transformed data is uploaded into the end point application by a method that is appropriate to that application. Typically, applications receiving data, perform some level of validation on that data and sometimes feedback a result to the sending application.
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A ratio of 5:8 is no more than an approximation of the Golden Section. It would be difficult to maintain the same opinion about a ratio of 2:3." Tschichold also expresses a preference for certain ratios over others: "The geometrically definable irrational page proportions like 1:1.618 (Golden Section), 1:, 1:, 1:, 1:1.538, and the simple rational proportions of 1:2, 2:3, 5:8 and 5:9 I call clear, intentional and definite.
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Drake later said of the sessions: "I was in the studio the whole time and got to see how Tim was working. It was just great fun, lots of exploring and experimenting." The record was produced by Tim Smith and engineered by Graham Simmonds and Roger Tebbutt. The album disregards typical musical elements, such as constant tempos, a regular time signature and definable keys, in favour of a chaotic art rock approach, although each song keeps a coherent structure.
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Chipmunk supports multiple collision primitives attached to one rigid body, and bodies may be joined by constraints. It has a flexible collision detection system with layers, exclusion groups and collision callbacks. Callbacks are defined based on user definable "collision types" and may reject collisions and even override the calculation of friction and elasticity coefficients. Version 7 of the library introduced "Autogeometry", an image tracing feature that transforms a raster graphic into a polygonal shape usable by the library.
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They have done thousands of shows for millions of fans and toured extensively. They have appeared in many major music publications and have sold millions of records worldwide. Verni's signature bass sound is regarded as one of the most definable in heavy metal. In addition to his work with Overkill, Verni has recorded four albums with his side project the Bronx Casket Co. He is also the composer of The Bronx Casket Co....A New Musical.
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A proof requiring the axiom of choice may establish the existence of an object without explicitly defining the object in the language of set theory. For example, while the axiom of choice implies that there is a well- ordering of the real numbers, there are models of set theory with the axiom of choice in which no well-ordering of the reals is definable. Similarly, although a subset of the real numbers that is not Lebesgue measurable can be proved to exist using the axiom of choice, it is consistent that no such set is definable.. The axiom of choice proves the existence of these intangibles (objects that are proved to exist, but which cannot be explicitly constructed), which may conflict with some philosophical principles.. Because there is no canonical well-ordering of all sets, a construction that relies on a well-ordering may not produce a canonical result, even if a canonical result is desired (as is often the case in category theory). This has been used as an argument against the use of the axiom of choice.
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Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Stellenbosch. Online version Interpretation is difficult, however, depending on the sensitivity of the listener, and varies significantly between observers. Studies have sought additional, visible and easily definable indicators of pain and in particular the high level of pain detected in babies when hungry, compared to pain levels in further developed children. Combinations of crying with facial expressions, posture and movements, aided by physiological measurements, have been tested and found to be reliable indicators.
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C-4 produced for use by the U.S. military, commercial C-4 (also produced in the United States), and C-4 (otherwise known as PE-4) from the United Kingdom each have their own unique properties and are not identical. The analytical techniques of time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy have been demonstrated to discriminate finite differences in different C-4 sources. Chemical, morphological structural differences, and variation in atomic concentrations are detectable and definable.
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Notable members of the crew include Kevyn Andreyasn; title character Sergeant Schlock, who is a carbosilicate amorph ; Petey, a former artificial intelligence and now Fleetmind and pseudo-God; and the wry AI and former boyband, Ennesby. ;Sergeant Schlock :The title character, a carbosilicate amorph "everyman" with no easily definable limbs, organs, or moral compass. He normally appears as a large greenish-brown mass coming up to about normal human chest height. ;Captain Kaff Tagon :The human leader of the mercenary company "Tagon's Toughs".
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A team used only for a defined period of time and for a separate, concretely definable purpose, often becomes known as a project team. This category of team includes negotiation-, commission- and design-team subtypes. In general, these types of teams are multi-talented and composed of individuals with expertise in many different areas. Members of these teams might belong to different groups, but receive assignment to activities for the same project, thereby allowing outsiders to view them as a single unit.
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Motivational leadership refers to someone leading others by motivating them to strive for certain goals rather than simply act on orders. The leader tries to create a safe and trusting environment, and ensure the organization is positioned for success in its domain—for example, a company in the marketplace. Some interpret motivational leadership principles as requiring that a leader establish strong ethics, clear vision, definable values, authentic communication, and be genuinely motivated to promote collaboration and a positive working environment.
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Signals have always been a convenient method of inter-process communication (IPC), but in early implementations there were no user-definable signals (such as the later additions of SIGUSR1 and SIGUSR2) that programs could intercept and interpret for their own purposes. For this reason, applications that did not require a controlling terminal, such as daemons, would re-purpose SIGHUP as a signal to re-read configuration files, or reinitialize. This convention survives to this day in packages such as Apache and Sendmail.
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Bounded local treewidth is closely related to the algorithmic theory of bidimensionality,; . and every graph property definable in first order logic can be decided for an apex- minor-free graph family in an amount of time that is only slightly superlinear. It is also possible for a class of graphs that is not closed under minors to have bounded local treewidth. In particular this is trivially true for a class of bounded degree graphs, as bounded diameter subgraphs have bounded size.
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There are differences in quality of hardware (hand held devices), software (presentation and performance), and dictionary content. Some hand helds are more robustly constructed than others, and the keyboards or touch screen input systems should be physically compared before purchase. The information on the GUI of computer based dictionary software ranges from complex and cluttered, to clear and easy-to-use with user definable preferences including font size and colour. A major consideration is the quality of the lexical database.
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Subjects are marked by verbal prefixes, while objects are indicated through verbal suffixes. Both are common in Oceanic languages. There is a huge number of distinct inflectional sets of subject markers on verbs expressing a variety of tense-aspect-mood categories. Not only is this an unusually large number of inflectional categories, but many of these categories are discontinuously marked by combinations of morphotactically separate prefixes for which the constituent forms do not always have definable meanings of their own.
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Originally a straightforward clone of Empire, later versions included the ability to define rulesets for different kinds of games, first using a Forth-like syntax, then a more powerful version based on Lisp syntax. It was also ported to other computer systems, including Macintosh, Amiga, and Windows. Xconq is designed to be portable and re- definable. The default rule set is similar to Empire, but the rule set, graphics and maps can be altered to represent different time periods and strategic scales.
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The limited subtraction function is definable from the predecessor function in a manner analogous to the way addition is defined from successor: :sub(0, x) = P11(x), :sub(S(n), x) = pred(P23(n, sub(n, x), x)). Here sub(a, b) corresponds to b ∸ a; for the sake of simplicity, the order of the arguments has been switched from the "standard" definition to fit the requirements of primitive recursion. This could easily be rectified using composition with suitable projections.
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Aldborough occupies two allotments at the intersection of Deane and Hodgkinson Streets, within the original C of the town of Charters Towers. Aldborough is set back from the corner of Deane and Hodgkinson Streets, and faces north-west towards the intersection and a small entrance gate at the corner. The ground rises to a terrace between the road frontage and the house. There is no definable entrance path although there is a small set of concrete steps up to the terrace.
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The number of songs in a song cycle may be as brief as two songsCalled dyad-cycles, according to Youens. or as long as 30 or more songs. The term "song cycle" did not enter lexicography until 1865, in Arrey von Dommer's edition of Koch’s Musikalisches Lexikon, but works definable in retrospect as song cycles existed long before then. One of the earliest examples may be the set of seven Cantigas de amigo by the 13th-century Galician jongleur Martin Codax.Ferreira.
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Much recent research on Turing degrees has focused on the overall structure of the set of Turing degrees and the set of Turing degrees containing recursively enumerable sets. A deep theorem of Shore and Slaman (1999) states that the function mapping a degree x to the degree of its Turing jump is definable in the partial order of the Turing degrees. A recent survey by Ambos-Spies and Fejer (2006) gives an overview of this research and its historical progression.
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In a book- length study for Harvard University Press, historian Justin Vaisse writes that Lipset and Goldberg are in error, as "neoconservative" was used by socialist Michael Harrington to describe three men – noted above – who were not in SDUSA, and neoconservatism is a definable political movement. The term "neoconservative" was the subject of increased media coverage during the presidency of George W. Bush,Marshall, J.M. "Remaking the World: Bush and the Neoconservatives" . From Foreign Affairs, November/December 2003. Retrieved 1 December 2008.
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Requiem is often said to have no clearly definable plot but has many themes which carry throughout the entire poem. One of the most important themes that also stands as part of the title is the theme of "A poem without a hero". Throughout the entire cycle and the many poems within, there is no hero that comes to the rescue. It is important for the readers to know that because it is almost always a piece that people are looking for.
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The Great Britain Superficial Deposits Supergroup is a Neogene to Quaternary lithostratigraphic supergroup (a sequence of rock strata or other definable geological units) present across Great Britain and the Isle of Man. It includes all of the natural superficial deposits found in Great Britain and comprises the Albion Glacigenic Group, Britannia Catchments Group, British Coastal Deposits Group, Caledonia Glacigenic Group, Crag Group, Dunwich Group and Residual Deposits Group. These deposits include till, sands, gravels, silts, head, clay, peat and other materials.
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However, PEEK is much more difficult to process and more expensive. Despite its high initial strength-to-weight ratio, a design limitation of CFRP is its lack of a definable fatigue limit. This means, theoretically, that stress cycle failure cannot be ruled out. While steel and many other structural metals and alloys do have estimable fatigue or endurance limits, the complex failure modes of composites mean that the fatigue failure properties of CFRP are difficult to predict and design against.
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Meskhi captures young people whose bodies defy the law of gravitation. As art has become less definable by medium, photographers have tended to remain the most genre- specific of practitioners. Perhaps this has to with the medium's commonality and a consequent need for an artist to define a recognizably coherent subjectivity. Recently, younger photographers, such as David Meskhi, have been actively disregarding such constraints. His exhibition “Higher” consisted of analog photographs taken in his native country of Georgia since 2007.
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In set theory, the core model is a definable inner model of the universe of all sets. Even though set theorists refer to "the core model", it is not a uniquely identified mathematical object. Rather, it is a class of inner models that under the right set-theoretic assumptions have very special properties, most notably covering properties. Intuitively, the core model is "the largest canonical inner model there is" (Ernest Schimmerling and John R. Steel) and is typically associated with a large cardinal notion.
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A packet capture appliance is a standalone device that performs packet capture. Packet capture appliances may be deployed anywhere on a network, however, most commonly are placed at the entrances to the network (i.e. the internet connections) and in front of critical equipment, such as servers containing sensitive information. In general, packet capture appliances capture and record all network packets in full (both header and payload), however, some appliances may be configured to capture a subset of a network’s traffic based on user-definable filters.
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Houses within the district are largely "intact and homogeneous building stock constructed between 1946–1957" in conjunction with the synagogue, and are within walking distance of the former synagogue. They originally served to house its orthodox Jewish congregation." The district has been singled out for its unity by both "its historic building stock and contiguity to the former synagogue." Vollintine Hills is notable as a clearly definable geographic area, whose physical development, "defined by the needs of a religious community," is "readily distinguishable from surrounding properties.
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Both graphics and text could be displayed at the same time: (1) redefinition of the character tiles provided standard 256×192 graphics limited to the 128 available (definable) 8×8 chars, concurrent with plotting of 64×48 graphics. Internal speaker directly controlled by the CPU in single task mode, with control of sound frequency and duration in ms. Storage was through a cassette tape interface at 1500 baud. Files could be used for either storage of forth programs (compiled code) or raw dumps of memory.
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Even when restricted to predicates and proper classes definable in first order set theory, the principle implies existence of Σn correct extendible cardinals for every n. If κ is an almost huge cardinal, then a strong form of Vopěnka's principle holds in Vκ: :There is a κ-complete ultrafilter U such that for every {Ri: i < κ} where each Ri is a binary relation and Ri ∈ Vκ, there is S ∈ U and a non- trivial elementary embedding j: Ra → Rb for every a < b in S.
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The mapping is completed by using this freedom to eliminate the edge difference of these patterns and reduce the edge mismatches to the lowest degree. The extensive use of Girih for interior decoration corresponds to Islam belief. The repetitive patterns of Girih are capable of expanding in every direction, thus Girih has an indefinite nature. This characteristic resembles Muslim's belief that human, who is not the measure of the world, can never comprehend the "infinite meaning of the world" created by the un-definable god.
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In the special case of the inverse or reciprocal 1/B, where B=N(0,1) follows a standard normal distribution, the resulting distribution is a reciprocal standard normal distribution, and there is no definable variance. However, in the slightly more general case of a shifted reciprocal function 1/(p-B) for B=N(\mu,\sigma) following a general normal distribution, then mean and variance statistics do exist in a principal value sense, if the difference between the pole p and the mean \mu is real-valued.
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In mathematical logic, Gödel's β function is a function used to permit quantification over finite sequences of natural numbers in formal theories of arithmetic. The β function is used, in particular, in showing that the class of arithmetically definable functions is closed under primitive recursion, and therefore includes all primitive recursive functions. The β function was introduced without the name in the proof of the first of Gödel's incompleteness theorems (Gödel 1931). The β function lemma given below is an essential step of that proof.
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The whole play expresses a sense that human beings can understand neither themselves nor each other nor the world. The problem is not simply human blindness, but the lack of a fixed and definable reality to be known. This is the Maeterlinck who paved the way for the plays of Samuel Beckett. It is extraordinary that he achieves this within a story whose basic plot -- that of a woman, a husband and a lover and the inevitable tragedy that results -- is itself so conventional.
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A cut in a nonstandard model M is a nonempty subset C of M so that C is downward closed (x < y and y ∈ C ⇒ x ∈ C) and C is closed under successor. A proper cut is a cut that is a proper subset of M. Each nonstandard model has many proper cuts, including one that corresponds to the standard natural numbers. However, the induction scheme in Peano arithmetic prevents any proper cut from being definable. The overspill lemma, first proved by Abraham Robinson, formalizes this fact.
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An integer sequence is a computable sequence if there exists an algorithm which, given n, calculates an, for all n > 0\. The set of computable integer sequences is countable. The set of all integer sequences is uncountable (with cardinality equal to that of the continuum), and so not all integer sequences are computable. Although some integer sequences have definitions, there is no systematic way to define what it means for an integer sequence to be definable in the universe or in any absolute (model independent) sense.
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A version of the major Locrian scale is listed as mode 3 in the French translation of Safi Al-Din's treatise Kitab Al- Adwar. This was a Pythagorean version of the scale. Aside from this Arabic version, interest in the major Locrian is a phenomenon of the twentieth century, but the scale is definable in any meantone system. It is notable as one of the five proper seven-note scales in equal temperament, and as strictly proper in any meantone tuning with fifths flatter than 700 cents.
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This happens in both global and local ways. Globally, every codimension-1 subvariety of projective space is defined by the vanishing of one homogeneous polynomial; by contrast, a codimension-r subvariety need not be definable by only r equations when r is greater than 1. (That is, not every subvariety of projective space is a complete intersection.) Locally, every codimension-1 subvariety of a smooth variety can be defined by one equation in a neighborhood of each point. Again, the analogous statement fails for higher-codimension subvarieties.
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Brent's research focuses on the epidemiology of adolescent suicide and risk factors for it, including firearms, substance abuse, and affective disorders. His research has shown, for example, that 40 percent of children under the age of 16 who died by suicide did not have a clearly definable psychiatric disorder, but did have a loaded gun in their homes. Another of his studies found that adolescents who died by suicide were twice as likely to have lived in homes with guns than adolescents who unsuccessfully attempted suicide.
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The raw output of such a device may be obtained from . With Linux kernel 3.16 and newer, the kernel itself mixes data from hardware random number generators into on a sliding scale based on the definable entropy estimation quality of the HWRNG. This means that no userspace daemon, such as from , is needed to do that job. With Linux kernel 3.17+, the VirtIO RNG was modified to have a default quality defined above 0, and as such, is currently the only HWRNG mixed into by default.
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A.J. Wilkie, Model completeness results for expansions of the ordered field of real numbers by restricted pfaffian functions and the exponential functions, J. Amer. Math. Soc. 9 (1996), pp. 1051–1094. In terms of analytic geometry, the theorem states that any definable set in the above language — in particular the complement of an exponential variety — is in fact a projection of an exponential variety. An exponential variety over a field K is the set of points in Kn where a finite collection of exponential polynomials simultaneously vanish.
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The site has potential to yield information that contributes to the understanding of a small and extremely cohesive group of German settlers who were played a vital role in the original settlement of the Logan district. The place is important because of its aesthetic significance. The cemetery is significant aesthetically for the cohesive nature of the cemetery set in a rural setting with clearly definable family plots. The use of "Platt Deutsch", a German dialect that was spoken but seldom written, for inscriptions is considered unusual.
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A curriculum framework is an organized plan or set of standards or learning outcomes that defines the content to be learned in terms of clear, definable standards of what the student should know and be able to do. A curriculum framework is part of an outcome-based education or standards based education reform design. The framework is the second step, defining clear, high standards which will be achieved by all students. The curriculum is then aligned to the standards, and students are assessed against the standards.
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While the above is nowadays standard terminology in "infinite" model theory, the slightly different earlier definitions are still in use in finite model theory, where an elementary class may be called a Δ-elementary class, and the terms elementary class and first-order axiomatizable class are reserved for basic elementary classes (Ebbinghaus et al. 1994, Ebbinghaus and Flum 2005). Hodges calls elementary classes axiomatizable classes, and he refers to basic elementary classes as definable classes. He also uses the respective synonyms EC class and EC_\Delta class (Hodges, 1993).
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An over-emphasis of a single source of energy (at the expense of others sources of energy) in a work of art shows poor organization of energy. At the end of the chapter, Dewey states that art is, in fact, “only definable as organization of energies.” The power of art to “move and stir, to calm and tranquilize” is intelligible only when “the fact of energy” is made central to an understanding of art. The qualities of order and balance in works of art follow from the selection of significant energy.
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A positive answer to Büchi's problem would imply, using the negative answer to Hilbert's Tenth Problem by Yuri Matiyasevich, that there is no algorithm to decide whether a system of diagonal quadratic forms with integer coefficients represents an integer tuple. Indeed, Büchi observed that squaring, therefore multiplication, would be existentially definable in the integers over the first-order language having two symbols of constant for 0 and 1, a symbol of function for the sum, and a symbol of relation P to express that an integer is a square.
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Reviewing her Australian concert, Ross McRae of The West Australian said the audience "went wild" and Lopez "lapped up every minute". He noted that Lopez's vocals were "strong and more than capable recreating the radio and club hits" she performed. McRae also praised her humbleness, noting that she was "actually excited about being on stage performing for her fans, rather than a pop diva." Craig Mathieson from The Sydney Morning Herald wrote that it wasn't as "slick as some pop tours" and lacked "momentum and a definable peak".
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It is generally disfavored by most states because it appears to have no definable parameters and because so many potential claims can be made under it. The situations that would give rise to such a claim are difficult to define. Because of this substantial uncertainty, most legal theorists find the theory to be unworkable in practice. A corollary of this critique is that the tort runs the risk (in the bystander NIED context) of overcompensating plaintiffs for distress which would have occurred anyway regardless of the cause of death of the decedent.
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Since the Middle Ages the pope is the judge of first instance in all more important episcopal causes (), the number and extent of which are in no way exactly definable, but to which above all belong the —more serious criminal charges against bishops() Conformably to this the diocesan bishop or his representative (the vicar-general, or , or some other diocesan authority) became the judge of the court of first instance, so far as common law has not withdrawn from him this jurisdiction.(Council of Trent, Sess. XXIV, De ref., c.
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These categories are special cases of a continuum from zero (sympatric) to complete (allopatric) spatial segregation of diverging groups. In multicellular eukaryotic organisms, sympatric speciation is a plausible process that is known to occur, but the frequency with which it occurs is not known. In bacteria, however, the analogous process (defined as "the origin of new bacterial species that occupy definable ecological niches") might be more common because bacteria are less constrained by the homogenizing effects of sexual reproduction and are prone to comparatively dramatic and rapid genetic change through horizontal gene transfer.
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In Europe, G-P303 definable subgroups make up a majority of Haplogroup G persons west of Russia and the Black Sea, and small numbers are also found in North Africa. The Baltic countries have the lowest population percentage of G-P303. Scandinavia is similar, showing less than half the percentages of G persons seen in the countries to the south. G-P303 seems to represent the same percentage of the population in both central and southern Europe, and usually represents half or more of the G seen in the population in these areas.
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" Time Out dismissed Aurora as a "delicate" and "vapid" character. Bustle's Mary Grace Garis wrote that the character "suffers from having very little definable personality and ... serious Damsel-in-Distress syndrome". Sonia Saraiya of Jezebel echoed this sentiment, criticizing Aurora for lacking "interesting qualities"; Saraiya also ranked Aurora Disney's least feminist princess. Similarly, Bustle also ranked Aurora the least feminist Disney Princess, with author Chelsea Mize expounding, "Aurora literally sleeps for like three quarters of the movie ... Aurora just straight-up has no agency, and really isn't doing much in the way of feminine progress.
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The 1950 biography Rommel: The Desert Fox and the 1953 publication of The Rommel Papers added to the myth, which has proven resilient to critical examination. The mythology surrounding Rommel has been the subject of analysis in recent decades. The reevaluation has produced new interpretations of Rommel, including his relationship with Nazism, his abilities as an operational and strategic level commander, and his role in the 20 July plot to assassinate Hitler. Historians and commentators conclude that Rommel remains an ambiguous figure, not easily definable either inside or outside the myth.
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It was an attempt to offer a kind of basic wavesequencing, it essentially was a series of user-defined waveforms, taken from the internal ROM or sample RAM area, and played in sequence with definable playback step times, pitch and other parameters. Clever use of this facility could produce complete rhythmic patterns. One big limitation was the wavesequencing timing, which was fixed at patch level and not tempo-dependent. Effects. An integral component of Ensoniq synths, the TS' effects were first- class and well specified, at 24-bit and 32 kHz engine.
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James drew dot patterns again for this film, but the camera was positioned using computer control, allowing each image to be overlaid from multiple angles. In this piece, smaller circles oscillate in and out in an array of colors resembling a kaleidoscope while being accompanied by Indian sitar music. The patterns become hypnotic and trance inducing. Dwija (1973), meaning "twice-born" or "soul" in Sanskrit, is completely solarized, and much of the imagery is re- photographed by rear-projection to create a constant flow of hardly definable transformations of color and form.
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Tele-information services are based on an alliance of digital telecommunication and computer technology that play an important role in inter-human communications. It is a classification of information flows broken down so that the presentation and information content are not confused with the character of the information flow. Tele-information services consist of four definable information traffic patterns being allocution, conversation, consultation and registration. These information traffic patterns can be combined to form more complex multi-pattern services and networks made up of any number of information traffic patterns.
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As an adult ages, it is normal for the pituitary to produce diminishing amounts of GH and many other hormones, particularly the sex steroids. Physicians therefore distinguish between the natural reduction in GH levels which comes with age, and the much lower levels of "true" deficiency. Such deficiency almost always has an identifiable cause, with adult-onset GHD without a definable cause ("idiopathic GH deficiency") extremely rare. GH does function in adulthood to maintain muscle and bone mass and strength, and has poorly understood effects on cognition and mood.
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Historian Theodore Weeks notes: "Russian administrators, who never succeeded in coming up with a legal definition of 'Pole', despite the decades of restrictions on that ethnic group, regularly spoke of individuals 'of Polish descent' or, alternatively, 'of Russian descent', making identity a function of birth." This policy only succeeded in producing or aggravating feelings of disloyalty. There was growing impatience with their inferior status and resentment against "Russification". Russification is cultural assimilation definable as "a process culminating in the disappearance of a given group as a recognisably distinct element within a larger society".
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Various debris was incorporated within the tentacles to give the creature a sense of weight and fast movement. The Alphas were given a definable head area to show their status as more sentient, while receiving a different color and a bigger size compared to the Mimic grunts. Cinesite created the mechanical Mimics used in the training areas, while MPC created the Omega in a digital environment into which the effects artists composited underwater footage filmed at Leavesden's water tank. Animators created digital versions of the battle suits, at times with the soldiers inside them.
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The Kangaroo has features, which can be interpreted as typically female as well as typically male. That’s why the Kangaroo’s gender is not clearly definable. Although only female kangaroos have a permanent pouch - and the Kangaroo uses its pouch clichédly as a kind of chaotic handbag in the course of the three books - it suggests that the pouch might be just stapled on in the course of book three. In an interview the author said that the Kangaroo was "bi-trans-metro-sexual" , when asked about the Kangaroo’s gender.
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A steering tax (Often an Ecological incentive tax) is a tax which aims to change the behaviour of the tax payer, as defined by lawmakers, and not particularly to increase tax revenue. The term is not sharply definable because many tax related laws influence buyer behaviour which is not always a wanted effect (compensation reaction). The Pigovian tax is a special case of a steering tax to avoid negative Externality. An ecological tax reform is often understood to refer to the introduction of a steering tax on energy use, according to the Polluter pays principle.
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A tri-oval shape A tri-oval is a shape which derives its name from the two other shapes it most resembles, a triangle and an oval. Rather than meeting at sharp, definable angles as the sides of a triangle do, in a tri-oval these angles are instead rounded into smooth curves. While an oval has four turns, a tri-oval has six. More formally, according to the four-vertex theorem, every smooth simple closed curve has at least four vertices, points where its curvature reaches a local minimum or maximum.
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Pyrrho claimed that all pragmata (matters, affairs, questions, topics) are adiaphora (not differentiable, not clearly definable, negating Aristotle's use of "diaphora"), astathmēta (unstable, unbalanced, unmeasurable), and anepikrita (unjudgeable, undecidable). Therefore, neither our senses nor our beliefs and theories are able to identify truth or falsehood. Philologist Christopher Beckwith has demonstrated that Pyrrho's use of adiaphora reflects his effort to translate the Buddhist three marks of existence into Greek, and that adiaphora reflects Pyrrho's understanding of the Buddhist concept of anatta. Likewise he suggests that astathmēta and anepikrita may be compared to dukkha and anicca respectively.
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Similarity is immediately definable in terms of kind; for things are similar when they are two of a kind." Quine posited an intuitive human capacity to recognize criteria for judging degrees of similarity among objects, an "innate flair for natural kinds.” These criteria work instrumentally when applied inductively: "... why does our innate subjective spacing [classification] of [existential] qualities accord so well with the functionally relevant [universal] groupings in nature as to make our inductions tend to come out right?" He admitted that generalizing after observing a few similarities is scientifically and logically unjustified.
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The axiom schema of replacement asserts that the image of a set under any definable function will also fall inside a set. Formally, let \phi be any formula in the language of ZFC whose free variables are among x, y, A, w_1, \dotsc, w_n, so that in particular B is not free in \phi. Then: : \forall A\forall w_1 \forall w_2\ldots \forall w_n \bigl[\forall x ( x\in A \Rightarrow \exists! y\,\phi ) \Rightarrow \exists B \ \forall x \bigl(x\in A \Rightarrow \exists y (y\in B \land \phi)\bigr)\bigr].
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In many popular versions of axiomatic set theory, the axiom schema of specification, also known as the axiom schema of separation, subset axiom scheme or axiom schema of restricted comprehension is an axiom schema. Essentially, it says that any definable subclass of a set is a set. Some mathematicians call it the axiom schema of comprehension, although others use that term for unrestricted comprehension, discussed below. Because restricting comprehension avoided Russell's paradox, several mathematicians including Zermelo, Fraenkel, and Gödel considered it the most important axiom of set theory.
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Dark ambient has its roots in the 1970s with the introduction of newer, smaller, and more affordable effects units, synthesizer and sampling technology. Early genre elements can be found on Throbbing Gristle's 1978 album D.o.A: The Third and Final Report of Throbbing Gristle. Important early precursors of the genre were Tangerine Dream's early double-album Zeit (1972), which unlike most of their subsequent albums abandoned any notion of rhythm or definable melody in favour of "darkly" sinuous, occasionally disturbing sonics; and also, Affenstunde (1970) by fellow krautrock band Popol Vuh.
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In animals, no highly conserved sequence elements have been found to direct origin activity, and it has proved difficult to identify common features of replication origins. At some loci, initiation occurs within small, relatively definable stretches of DNA, while at others, larger initiation zones of 10–50 kb seem to direct origin activity. At the sequence level, AT rich elements and CpG islands have been found at origins, but their importance or role is not yet clear. At the level of DNA structure, bent DNA and loop formation have been identified as origin features.
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Various typed lambda calculi have been studied. The simply typed lambda calculus has only one type constructor, the arrow \to, and its only types are basic types and function types \sigma\to\tau. System T extends the simply typed lambda calculus with a type of natural numbers and higher order primitive recursion; in this system all functions provably recursive in Peano arithmetic are definable. System F allows polymorphism by using universal quantification over all types; from a logical perspective it can describe all functions that are provably total in second-order logic.
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NT is the semantic work-horse, being used to simplify and decompose structures, based on a dataflow-like execution strategy similar to GAMMA and NESL. The NT semantic achieves a goal similar to that of the Lämmel and Peyton-Jones’ boilerplate elimination. All other features of the language are definable from these two laws - including recursion, subscripting structures, function references, and evaluation of function bodies. Though it was not the original intent, these new approaches allowed the language to parallelize a large fraction of the operations it performed, transparently to the programmer.
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Theodore Allen Slaman (born April 17, 1954) is a professor of mathematics at the University of California, Berkeley who works in recursion theory. Slaman and W. Hugh Woodin formulated the Bi-interpretability Conjecture for the Turing degrees, which conjectures that the partial order of the Turing degrees is logically equivalent to second order arithmetic. They showed that the Bi- interpretability Conjecture is equivalent to there being no nontrivial automorphism of the Turing degrees. They also exhibited limits on the possible automorphisms of the Turing degrees by showing that any automorphism will be arithmetically definable.
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Underlying causes of pelvic pain are often difficult to determine. The condition affects up to 50% of women who have given birth. Pelvic floor dysfunction may include any of a group of clinical conditions that includes urinary incontinence, fecal incontinence, pelvic organ prolapse, sensory and emptying abnormalities of the lower urinary tract, defecatory dysfunction, sexual dysfunction and several chronic pain syndromes, including vulvodynia in women and chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) in men. The three most common and definable conditions encountered clinically are urinary incontinence, anal incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse.
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One of the critical elements in any color-managed workflow is the monitor, because, at one step or another, handling and making color adaptation through imaging software is required for most images, thus the ability of the monitor to present accurate colors is crucial. Monitor color management consists of calibration and profiling. The first step, calibration, is done by adjusting the monitor controls and the output of the graphics card (via calibration curves) to match user-definable characteristics, such as brightness, white point and gamma. The calibration settings are stored in a `.
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Expulsion of the Pieres from the region of Olympus to the Pangaion Hills by the Macedonians Both Strabo and Thucydides said that Emathia and Pieria were mostly occupied by Thracians (Pieres, Paeonians) and Bottiaeans, as well as some Illyrian and Epirote tribes.. Herodotus states that the Bryges were cohabitants with the Macedonians before their mass migration to Anatolia.Herodotus. Histories, 7.73, 8.138; . If a group of ethnically definable Macedonian tribes were living in the Pierian highlands prior to their expansion, the first conquest was of the Pierian piedmont and coastal plain, including Vergina.; .
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The model N is an inner model of M[G] satisfying ZF + DC such that every set of reals is Lebesgue measurable, has the perfect set property, and has the Baire property. The proof of this uses the fact that every real in M[G] is definable over a countable sequence of ordinals, and hence N and M[G] have the same reals. Instead of using Solovay's model N, one can also use the smaller inner model L(R) of M[G], consisting of the constructible closure of the real numbers, which has similar properties.
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In his best known The Meaning and End of Religion: A New Approach to the Religious Traditions of Mankind (1962), Smith examines the concept of "religion" in the sense of "a systematic religious entity, conceptually identifiable and characterizing a distinct community". Quoted in . He concludes that it is a misleading term for both the practitioners and observers and it should be abandoned in favour of other concepts. The reasons for the objection are that the word 'religion' is "not definable" and its noun form ('religion' as opposed to the adjectival form 'religious') "distorts reality".
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In logic, a pseudoelementary class is a class of structures derived from an elementary class (one definable in first-order logic) by omitting some of its sorts and relations. It is the mathematical logic counterpart of the notion in category theory of (the codomain of) a forgetful functor, and in physics of (hypothesized) hidden variable theories purporting to explain quantum mechanics. Elementary classes are (vacuously) pseudoelementary but the converse is not always true; nevertheless pseudoelementary classes share some of the properties of elementary classes such as being closed under ultraproducts.
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The method of quantifier elimination can be used to show that definable sets in particular theories cannot be too complicated. Tarski (1948) established quantifier elimination for real-closed fields, a result which also shows the theory of the field of real numbers is decidable. (He also noted that his methods were equally applicable to algebraically closed fields of arbitrary characteristic.) A modern subfield developing from this is concerned with o-minimal structures. Morley's categoricity theorem, proved by Michael D. Morley (1965), states that if a first-order theory in a countable language is categorical in some uncountable cardinality, i.e.
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If there is no rational number between two real numbers, then the two real numbers are equal. Classically, then, if two real numbers are not equal, one would conclude that there exists a rational number between them. However it does not follow that one can actually construct such a number. Thus to say two real numbers are apart is a stronger statement, constructively, than to say that they are not equal, and while equality of real numbers is definable in terms of their apartness, the apartness of real numbers cannot be defined in terms of their equality.
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Student Activists from Third College At its inception, students pushed for the new college to be named "Lumumba-Zapata College" in honor of the legendary twentieth century revolutionaries Patrice Lumumba and Emiliano Zapata. Unable to get approval for this name from UC Administration, the college was renamed Third College. This name did also inspire the idea that the student body would be one-third white students, one-third black students, and one-third definable minority students. Third College took up much of the activism that the campus was lacking, and the naming controversy was a catalyst for this movement.
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Hunt Peak () is a triangular rock peak, high, marking the north side of the entrance to Stonehouse Bay on the east coast of Adelaide Island, Antarctica. It was discovered and first roughly surveyed in 1909 by the French Antarctic Expedition under Jean-Baptiste Charcot. It was resurveyed in 1948 by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS), who named the point marked by this peak for Sergeant Kenneth D. Hunt, a mechanic for the expedition's Noorduyn Norseman airplane in 1950. Further survey in 1957–58 by the FIDS showed no definable point in the vicinity and the name was transferred to the peak.
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For example, they showed that ::On any discrete data type, functions are definable as the unique solutions of small finite systems of equations if, and only if, they are computable by algorithms. The results combined techniques of universal algebra and recursion theory, including term rewriting and Matiyasevich's theorem. For the other problems, he and his co-workers have developed two independent disparate generalisations of classical computability/recursion theory, which are equivalent for many continuous data types. The first generalisation, created with Jeffrey Zucker, focuses on imperative programming with abstract data types and covers specifications and verification using Hoare logic.
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Whereas expressions denote mainly numbers in elementary algebra, in Boolean algebra, they denote the truth values false and true. These values are represented with the bits (or binary digits), namely 0 and 1. They do not behave like the integers 0 and 1, for which 1 + 1 = 2, but may be identified with the elements of the two-element field GF(2), that is, integer arithmetic modulo 2, for which 1 + 1 = 0. Addition and multiplication then play the Boolean roles of XOR (exclusive-or) and AND (conjunction), respectively, with disjunction x∨y (inclusive-or) definable as x + y - xy.
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In the first season, two Clovis projectile points were found among the ribs of a young mammoth. Artifacts found during these excavations included thirteen fluted Clovis culture projectile points, butchering tools, chipped stone debris and fire hearth features. Bones of a variety of game—twelve immature mammoths, one horse, one tapir, several bison, one camel, one bear, several rabbits, and a garter snake—were excavated at the Lehner site. The Lehner Mammoth kill and camp site exhibited a number of firsts: It was the first site associated with the Clovis culture to have definable fire hearths.
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Examples from Nigeria: With the demise of the concept of Hamitic languages, the notion of a definable "Hamite" racial and linguistic entity was heavily criticised. In 1974, writing about the African Great Lakes region, Christopher Ehret described the Hamitic hypothesis as the view that "almost everything more un-'primitive', sophisticated or more elaborate in East Africa [was] brought by culturally and politically dominant Hamites, immigrants from the North into East Africa, who were at least part Caucasoid in physical ancestry".Ehret, C, Ethiopians and East Africans: The Problem of Contacts, East African Pub. House, 1974, p.8.
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Property owner elections with weighted voting do not violate the federal constitutional requirement of "one man, one vote" under the limited circumstances of a special-purpose unit of government assigned the performance of functions affecting definable groups of constituents more than others. Such is the case with assessment districts under Proposition 218. Furthermore, since only special benefits are assessable under Proposition 218, voters residing within the boundaries of an assessment district who do not own property within the assessment district are also not deemed under the California Constitution to have been deprived of the right to vote for any assessment.Cal. Const., art.
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Before the mass Jewish immigration of the 1880s, the Canadian Jewish community was relatively affluent compared to other ethnic groups in Canada, a distinguishable feature that still continues on to this day. Arguably, Canadian Jews have made a disproportionate contribution to the economic development of Canada throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. During the 18th and the 19th centuries, upper class Jews tended to be fur traders, merchants, and entrepreneurs. In addition, upper middle class white collar occupations also included bankers, lawyers, and doctors as there was an overwhelmingly definable British economic or corporate elite in Canada, Jews remained well represented.
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1990) The United States Patent and Trademark Office and federal courts no longer consider beneficial utility nor the deceitful or immoral qualities of inventions, beginning with, for example, cases sustaining the patentability of a slot machine in 1977,Ex parte Murphy, 200 U.S.P.Q. 801 (Bd. Pat. App. & Int. 1977) and drink machines with decorative reservoirs that did not contain the drink actually dispensed. However, the USPTO and courts continue to consider whether or not an invention has a definable use at the time of application, excluding inventions that are not operable, a requirement of utility that the invention do what is claimed.
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In set theory, the critical point of an elementary embedding of a transitive class into another transitive class is the smallest ordinal which is not mapped to itself. p. 323 Suppose that j: N \to M is an elementary embedding where N and M are transitive classes and j is definable in N by a formula of set theory with parameters from N. Then j must take ordinals to ordinals and j must be strictly increasing. Also j(\omega) = \omega. If j(\alpha) = \alpha for all \alpha < \kappa and j(\kappa) > \kappa, then \kappa is said to be the critical point of j.
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Inverness East, Nairn and Lochaber is further south. When created in 1999 the constituency boundaries were definable with reference to council wards, which were grouped by the Highland Council in relation to eight council management areas. Constituency and management area names have many elements in common, and the management areas had the boundaries of former districts of the Highland region, as abolished in 1996, namely Caithness, Sutherland, Ross and Cromarty, Skye and Lochalsh, Inverness, Nairn, Lochaber and Badenoch and Strathspey. The management areas were abolished in 2007, and the council introduced three new corporate management areas, defined as groups of new wards.
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The same paradox had been discovered in 1899 by Ernst ZermeloBernhard Rang, Wolfgang Thomas: Zermelo's Discovery of the "Russell Paradox", Historia Mathematica 8. but he did not publish the idea, which remained known only to David Hilbert, Edmund Husserl, and other members of the University of Göttingen. At the end of the 1890s Cantor himself had already realized that his definition would lead to a contradiction, which he told Hilbert and Richard Dedekind by letter.Walter Purkert, Hans J. Ilgauds: Vita Mathematica - Georg Cantor, Birkhäuser, 1985, According to naive set theory, any definable collection is a set.
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Forcing in recursion theory is a modification of Paul Cohen's original set- theoretic technique of forcing to deal with the effective concerns in recursion theory. Conceptually the two techniques are quite similar: in both one attempts to build generic objects (intuitively objects that are somehow 'typical') by meeting dense sets. Both techniques are described as a relation (customarily denoted \Vdash) between 'conditions' and sentences. However, where set-theoretic forcing is usually interested in creating objects that meet every dense set of conditions in the ground model, recursion-theoretic forcing only aims to meet dense sets that are arithmetically or hyperarithmetically definable.
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After the end of the First World War, the airfield was closed to military flying. Prince George performed the opening ceremony for the Hull Municipal Airport in October 1929 which also saw a flying display by No. 29 Squadron RAF. Flying resumed when the Hull Flying Club (now known as Hull Aero Club) commenced pleasure flights from what was then a grassed area covering . At this time, Hull Council had acquired the site to promote commercial interests too and the grassed area had no definable runway with the dimensions being from west to east and from north to south.
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Talbotia elegans Pandanales are highly diverse including large arboraceous plants of tropical rainforests and coastal areas, climbing vines and lianas, as well as very small achlorophyllous (mycoheterotrophic) and saprophytic herbaceous forest floor species. This has made it difficult to reliably define synapomorphies, but the loss of trimery distinguishes many of them from other lilioid monocots. The Pandanales order is distinctive with its highly variable and hardly definable floral morphology, especially the number of stamens and their structure as well as many other characteristics. In some of the members, different interpretations exist regarding the composition and organization of the reproductive structures.
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A main doorway is not identifiable, although there are indications that it was situated on the extreme southeast, corresponding to the principal access-way to the castle. There are five definable walls, defined by the main fate and four separate towers, all rectangular and some state of ruin. Tower "D", also known as the Muro do Meio (Middle Wall) is in the northeast, in an area of accentuated slope, marked by a robust berm. The wall is little more than wide, that was almost completely destroyed in course of accessing the spaces; what remains is just a section .
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David Easton was the first to differentiate behaviouralism from behaviourism in the 1950s (behaviourism is the term mostly associated with psychology).Easton (1953) p 151 In the early 1940s, behaviourism itself was referred to as a behavioural science and later referred to as behaviourism. However, Easton sought to differentiate between the two disciplines: > Behavioralism was not a clearly defined movement for those who were thought > to be behavioralists. It was more clearly definable by those who were > opposed to it, because they were describing it in terms of the things within > the newer trends that they found objectionable.
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Because of Future Brown's globally-tinged styles, multi-lingual lyrics, and featured artists of various genres, multiple written pieces about Future Brown described it as a pro-cultural-diversity album. The Fader claimed the record challenges the existence of "English being the predominant language of popular music" and the amount of white male electronic music producers. Journalist Jazz Monroe analyzed Future Brown as having a "transcultural discord," where it "toys with an unconscious web of associations, partly generated by our casual consumption of cross-continental music."Monroe, Jazz (February 26, 2015). "Future Brown interview: "When things are definable, it’s less exciting.
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The mathematical foundations of modern computer science began to be laid by Kurt Gödel with his incompleteness theorem (1931). In this theorem, he showed that there were limits to what could be proved and disproved within a formal system. This led to work by Gödel and others to define and describe these formal systems, including concepts such as mu- recursive functions and lambda-definable functions. In 1936 Alan Turing and Alonzo Church independently, and also together, introduced the formalization of an algorithm, with limits on what can be computed, and a "purely mechanical" model for computing.
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"Material civilization" is synonymous with economic development; "spiritual civilization", often referred to as "socialist spiritual civilization", tries to spread good socialist morals in Chinese society. Under Deng, the CCP emphasized material civilization, but under Jiang the emphasis was on spiritual civilization, which was less easily definable. "Spiritual civilization" changed from a concept largely defined in socialist terminology under Deng into a vehicle for cultural nationalism under Jiang. The theory has become more complex with time; at the 16th National Congress Jiang introduced a third concept of civilization, "political civilization", focused solely on the CCP and political reform.
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In the study of illative (deductive) combinatory logic, Curry in 1941 recognized the implication of the paradox as implying that, without restrictions, the following properties of a combinatory logic are incompatible: # Combinatorial completeness. This means that an abstraction operator is definable (or primitive) in the system, which is a requirement on the expressive power of the system. # Deductive completeness. This is a requirement on derivability, namely, the principle that in a formal system with material implication and modus ponens, if Y is provable from the hypothesis X, then there is also a proof of X → Y.
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Note: User must select the "Disco" category as the genre under the search feature. However, because of the decreasing popularity of disco, the Academy eliminated the award category before the 1981 ceremony was to be held. According to the organization, disco was "no longer a readily definable separate music form", although its influence had "permeated all types of pop music". Despite the award's short span, the award helped solidify Gaynor as one of the best-known female disco artists from the 1970s and the song "I Will Survive" as one of the most recognized and top-selling songs from the genre.
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Historic plaque at the Sewall–Belmont House. When construction on the Sewall House was completed in 1800, the house was in the Adam Federal style of architecture. The Historic American Buildings Survey has concluded that the structure has been so modified over the years that it no longer belongs to a single architectural style but, rather, reflects as many as seven different genres. Other sources agree that the building no longer has a definable architectural style, but most feel it has retained enough features to still be characterized as Federal, while some feel it is more in the Georgian style.
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As a consequence of Fagin's theorem, the properties of finite structures definable in dependence logic correspond exactly to NP properties. Furthermore, Durand and Kontinen showed that restricting the number of universal quantifiers or the arity of dependence atoms in sentences gives rise to hierarchy theorems with respect to expressive power.Durand and Kontinen The inconsistency problem of dependence logic is semidecidable, and in fact equivalent to the inconsistency problem for first-order logic. However, the decision problem for dependence logic is non-arithmetical, and is in fact complete with respect to the \Pi_2 class of the Levy hierarchy.
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Dan Houser felt that the missions in San Andreas had become too linear, and wanted to present choices to the player in Grand Theft Auto IV. The writers found that Niko needed a motivation to come to America, so they created his cousin, Roman. Dan Houser felt that the two could not be brothers as there would be a deeper level of familiarity than necessary. He described the two as a double act, with Roman's fantasist charm playing off Niko's tough cynicism. The team gave other non-playable characters (NPCs) more definable behaviours and dialogue to make them feel more alive.
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The British Coastal Deposits Group is a Quaternary lithostratigraphic group (a sequence of rock strata or other definable geological units) present in coastal and estuarine areas around the margins of Great Britain. They are a mix of sands, gravels, silts, clays and peat and, north of a line between the Ribble and Tyne, include glacio-eustatically raised deposits. They lie unconformably on deposits of variously the Britannia Catchments Group (with which they also interfinger), Albion Glacigenic Group, Caledonia Glacigenic Group, Dunwich Group, Crag Group or earlier bedrock. Their upper boundary is the present day ground surface.
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Once the circuit became a definable concept, the list of parties vying to be included grew longer and longer. Some notable events include White Party in Miami, Black Party in New York, Cherry in D.C, and Southern Decadence in New Orleans. Circuit Noize listed them all, and covered the events and the lifestyle surrounding them. Kammon was well aware of the complex psychological and personal issues that the circuit audience left at the door when they came out to play, and addressed topics such as safer sex, harm reduction in relation to drug use, and overall spirituality and wellness.
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While the northern part of traditional Oman had at least partly a currency economy, Central Oman did not. In the LIA a few glazed pottery imports derive from the upper Gulf and southern Mesopotamia. One class of pottery, balsamaria are wheel-turned and also are common in the late Pre-Islamic Late Iron Age graves in both areas of Oman. Approximately 3/4 of the find inventories in Central Oman finds are attributable to the Samad assemblage, far fewer to the so-called période préislamique récente, and a few cannot be attributed to a definable find assemblage.
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That is, any set definable in this structure Ran was just the projection of some higher- dimensional set defined by identities and inequalities involving these restricted analytic functions. In the 1990s, Alex Wilkie showed that one has the same result if instead of adding every analytic function, one just adds the exponential function to R to get the ordered real field with exponentiation, Rexp, a result known as Wilkie's theorem.A.J. Wilkie, "Model completeness results for expansions of the ordered field of real numbers by restricted Pfaffian functions and the exponential functions", J. Amer. Math. Soc. 9 (1996), pp. 1051–1094.
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Ynys Gifftan Ynys Gifftan is an island near the south east shore of Traeth Bach, the Dwyryd estuary near Portmeirion in Gwynedd, north Wales. There is a public footpath to it across the estuary marked on Ordnance Survey maps but has no definable marks that make it obvious; it can be reached on foot at low tide and is high. The island has been uninhabited since the mid-1960s and the island's single cottage is in a state of disrepair. It is one of 43 (unbridged) tidal islands which may be reached on foot from the mainland of Great Britain.
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This condition can be a manifestation of an injury (often resulting from a twisting motion or from overuse), but sometimes arises for no obviously definable cause. The symptoms are pain in the hip region on walking, and tenderness over the upper part of the femur, which may result in the inability to lie in comfort on the affected side. More often the lateral hip pain is caused by disease of the gluteal tendons that secondarily inflames the bursa. This is most common in middle-aged women and is associated with a chronic and debilitating pain which does not respond to conservative treatment.
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Johan Anthony Willem "Hans" Kamp (born 5 September 1940) is a Dutch philosopher and linguist, responsible for introducing discourse representation theory (DRT) in 1981. Kamp was born in Den Burg. He received a Ph.D. in Philosophy from UCLA in 1968, and has taught at Cornell University, University of London, University of Texas, Austin, and University of Stuttgart. His dissertation, Tense Logic and the Theory of Linear Order (1968) was devoted to functional completeness in tense logic, the main result being that all temporal operators are definable in terms of "since" and "until" - provided that the underlying temporal structure is a continuous linear ordering.
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A 2006 declassified 1966 document obtained by the US Freedom of Information Act archive shows that hypnosis was investigated for military applications.Hypnosis in Intelligence, The Black Vault, 2008 The full paper explores the potentials of operational uses. The overall conclusion of the study was that there was no evidence that hypnosis could be used for military applications, and no clear evidence whether "hypnosis" is a definable phenomenon outside ordinary suggestion, motivation, and subject expectancy. According to the document: > The use of hypnosis in intelligence would present certain technical problems > not encountered in the clinic or laboratory.
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Satellite image of an upper tropospheric cyclonic vortex in the western North Pacific An upper tropospheric cyclonic vortex is a vortex, or a circulation with a definable center, that usually moves slowly from east-northeast to west-southwest and is prevalent across Northern Hemisphere's warm season. Its circulations generally do not extend below in altitude, as it is an example of a cold-core low. A weak inverted wave in the easterlies is generally found beneath it, and it may also be associated with broad areas of high-level clouds. Downward development results in an increase of cumulus clouds and the appearance of circulation at ground level.
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The second chapter introduces the sequent calculus, a method of making sound deductions in second-order logic, and its incompleteness. The third continues the topic of second-order logic, showing how to formulate Peano arithmetic in it, and using Gödel's first incompleteness theorem to provide a second proof of incompleteness of second-order logic. Chapter four formulates a non- standard semantics for second-order logic (from Henkin), in which quantification over relations is limited to only the definable relations. It defines this semantics in terms of "second-order frames" and "general structures", constructions that will be used to formulate second-order concepts within many-sorted logic.
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He attended the Bronx High School of Science and City College of New York, where he (still in his teens) developed the theory that led to his independent discovery of algorithmic complexity. Chaitin has defined Chaitin's constant Ω, a real number whose digits are equidistributed and which is sometimes informally described as an expression of the probability that a random program will halt. Ω has the mathematical property that it is definable, with asymptotic approximations from below (but not from above), but not computable. Chaitin is also the originator of using graph coloring to do register allocation in compiling, a process known as Chaitin's algorithm.
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Fulton Street and Gold Street in Lower Manhattan A crowd watches the Battle of the Beach 2 - Far Rockaway Skatepark - September - 2019 Vienna station on the Washington Metro in 2006. The crowd is a large group of people that are gathered or considered together. A crowd may be definable through a common purpose or set of emotions, such as at a Demonstration, a sports event, or during looting (this is known as a psychological crowd), or may simply be made up of many people going about their business in a busy area. The term "the crowd" may sometimes refer to the lower orders of people in general.
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More generally, localism draws on a wide range of movements and concerns and it proposes that by re-localizing democratic and economic relationships, social, economic and environmental problems will be more definable and solutions more easily created. They include anarchism, bioregionalism, environmentalism, the Greens, and more specific concerns about food, monetary policy and education. Political parties of all persuasions have also occasionally favored the devolution of power to local authorities. In this vein Alan Milburn, a Labour Party MP, has spoken of "making services more locally accountable, devolving more power to local communities and, in the process, forging a modern relationship between the state, citizens and services".
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As mentioned above, a Holon is a computation container like a spreadsheet that encapsulates a set of input algebraic formulas. But unlike a spreadsheet, these formulas are parts of an irreducible whole which can only be solved together as a unit, involving a succession of approximations (iterations). A spreadsheet, which only involves a single pass of formula calculations, may therefore be thought of as a "degenerate" or "reduced" holon, one that only involves single-pass calculations. A holon model elevates an encapsulated system of algebraic formulas to a higher problem archetype relating simultaneous unknowns to a definable solution condition other than a single pass through the set of formulas.
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This isolation is reflected in the development between sub-populations of genetic differences, morphological variations and exposure to different chemical regimes and parasitic species. Sub-populations also respond to fishing in such a way that fishing on one population appears to have no effect on the population dynamics of a neighbouring population. The currently accepted definition of a stock in fisheries science, is that of Begg et al. (1999), “…[a “stock”] describes characteristics of semi-discrete groups of fish with some definable attributes which are of interest to fishery managers.” Stock identification is a field of fisheries science which aims to identify these subpopulations, based on a number of techniques.
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The next year, Heinrich released I Am Rich LE. Priced at , the new app has several new features (including a calculator, "help system", and the "famous mantra without the spelling mistakes") to meet Apple's requirement that apps have "definable content". Some customers were disappointed by the new functionality, poorly rating the app due to its ostensible improvements. On February 23, 2009, CNET Asia reported on the "conceptually similar" app, I Am Richer, developed by Mike DG for Google's Android smartphone operating system. The app was released on the Android Market for the cost of , a limit imposed by Google, who had no objection to the application.
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However, these terms are occasionally used to refer specifically to the patient's personal experience of his or her disease. In this model, it is possible for a person to have a disease without being ill (to have an objectively definable, but asymptomatic, medical condition), and to be ill without being diseased (such as when a person perceives a normal experience as a medical condition, or medicalizes a non-disease situation in his or her life). :Normally four main types of diseases are considered: pathogenic diseases, deficiency diseases, hereditary diseases, and physiological diseases. ;Syndrome :A syndrome is the association of several medical signs, symptoms, and or other characteristics that often occur together.
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The development of a more systematic conceptualization and theorizing about social rules and systems of social rules emerged in the late 1970s in the collaborative work of Thomas Baumgartner, Tom R. Burns, Philippe DeVille, and later Helena Flam, Reinier de Man, Atle Midttun, Anders Olsson, and others. Its formalization stemmed from a number of articles in the early 1980s.Burns et al. (1985) and Burns and Flam (1987), Machado (1998), Carson (2004), Flam and Carson (2008) Social theory concepts such as norm, value, belief, role, social relationship, and institution as well as game were shown to be definable in a uniform way in terms of rules and rule complexes.
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Palmer, pointing to leaders like George Norris, says, "It is worth noting that progressivism, whilst temporarily losing the political initiative, remained popular in many western states and made its presence felt in Washington during both the Harding and Coolidge presidencies."Niall A. Palmer, The Twenties in America: Politics and History (2006) p. 176 Gerster and Cords argue that, "Since progressivism was a 'spirit' or an 'enthusiasm' rather than an easily definable force with common goals, it seems more accurate to argue that it produced a climate for reform which lasted well into the 1920s, if not beyond."Patrick Gerster and Nicholas Cords, Myth in American History (1977) p.
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The Supreme Court has established standards for determining whether a statute or policy's classification requires the use of strict scrutiny. The class must have experienced a history of discrimination, must be definable as a group based on "obvious, immutable, or distinguishing characteristics," be a minority or "politically powerless," and its characteristics must have little relationship to the government's policy aims or the ability of the group's members to contribute to society. The Court has consistently found that classifications based on race, national origin, and alienage require strict scrutiny review. The Supreme Court held that all race-based classifications must be subjected to strict scrutiny in Adarand Constructors v.
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It is that > the individual has within him or her self vast resources for self- > understanding, for altering her or his self-concept, attitudes, and self- > directed behaviour—and that these resources can be tapped if only a > definable climate of facilitative psychological attitudes can be > provided.Rogers, Carl R. "Client-centered Approach to Therapy", in I. L. > Kutash and A. Wolf (eds.), Psychotherapist's Casebook: Theory and Technique > in Practice. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Rogers believed that unconditional positive regard is essential for healthy development and tried to establish it as a therapeutic component. Through providing unconditional positive regard, humanistic therapists seek to help their clients accept and take responsibility for themselves.
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It follows from V = L, and is equivalent to the existence of a (definable) well-ordering of the universe. Note however that the formula expressing V = HOD need not hold true within HOD, as it is not absolute for models of set theory: within HOD, the interpretation of the formula for HOD may yield an even smaller inner model. HOD has been found to be useful in that it is an inner model that can accommodate essentially all known large cardinals. This is in contrast with the situation for core models, as core models have not yet been constructed that can accommodate supercompact cardinals, for example.
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The last definable phase of his artistic style approaches representation at times, sometimes calling to mind an open window. These constructed paintings also border on sculpture, often coming ten inches out from the wall, directly confronting the viewer in real space. The paint, too, is considerably built up, giving the surface of the paintings considerable texture that was not previously seen in his work. Ellen Schwartz writes in 1977 about his show at John Weber, where his constructed paintings were still abstract: “Humphrey’s latest works, meditative rather than communicative, require the suspension of conscious efforts to grasp them before they will yield their secrets, which lay within ourselves all the while.
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The redesign significantly enhanced the CPC hardware, mainly to rectify its previous shortcomings as a gaming platform. The redesigned video hardware allows for hardware sprites and soft scrolling, with a colour palette extended from a maximum of 16 colours (plus separately definable border) at one time from a choice of 27, increased to a maximum of 31 (16 for background and 15 for hardware sprites) out of 4096. The enhanced sound hardware offers automatic DMA transfer, allowing more complex sound effects with a significantly reduced processor overhead. Other hardware enhancements include the support of analogue joysticks, 8-bit printers, and ROM cartridges up to 4 Mbits.
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On the other side, Television metadata includes full SMPTE time code, video overscan and field information, and signal/colour level information. A third, variable-size metadata area, which is user-definable, exists. Third-party applications/software occasionally use this area to store additional information; for example, when the DPX stores images with technical specifications far away from the original standard (like pictures coded in the CIE XYZ color space, or Bayer-patterned raw frames from specific digital cameras like the Arriflex D-21). SMPTE ST 268-2:2018 defines a standards-based metadata section that supports Extensible Metadata Platform, XML, and KLV metadata representations.
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No wave is not a clearly definable musical genre with consistent features, although it was generally characterized by a rejection of the recycling of traditional rock aesthetics, such as blues rock styles and Chuck Berry guitar riffs, in punk and new wave music. Various groups drew on or explored such disparate styles as funk, jazz, blues, punk rock, and the avant garde. According to Village Voice writer Steve Anderson, the scene pursued an abrasive reductionism which "undermined the power and mystique of a rock vanguard by depriving it of a tradition to react against". Anderson claimed that the no wave scene represented "New York's last stylistically cohesive avant-rock movement".
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The development of consciousness is a gradual, time-consuming and lifelong process that builds upon and uses a more primitive virtual reality generator that is more definable in our dreams. As such, the development of secondary consciousness during the lifetime requires a blank consciousness that during REM sleep creates an imaginary self that has movements and experiences emotions. This is an experimental state not associated with awareness, and this state, or protoconscious, is able to be reached during childhood. This protoconsciousness is a protoself created early in life by the brain as a building block for consciousness to develop, and provides intrinsic predictions of external inputs created by dreaming.
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In September 1931, Ernst Zermelo wrote to Gödel to announce what he described as an "essential gap" in Gödel's argument (Dawson:76). In October, Gödel replied with a 10-page letter (Dawson:76, Grattan- Guinness:512-513), where he pointed out that Zermelo mistakenly assumed that the notion of truth in a system is definable in that system (which is not true in general by Tarski's undefinability theorem). But Zermelo did not relent and published his criticisms in print with "a rather scathing paragraph on his young competitor" (Grattan-Guinness:513). Gödel decided that to pursue the matter further was pointless, and Carnap agreed (Dawson:77).
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Attachment disorders tend to occur in a definable set of contexts such as within some types of institutions, in the presence of repeated changes of primary caregiver or of extremely neglectful identifiable primary caregivers who show persistent disregard for the child's basic attachment needs, but not all children raised in these conditions develop an attachment disorder.Prior & Glaser (2006), pp. 218–19. Studies undertaken on children from Eastern European orphanages from the mid-1990s showed significantly higher levels of both forms of RAD and of insecure patterns of attachment in the institutionalized children, regardless of how long they had been there. It would appear that children in institutions like these are unable to form selective attachments to their caregivers.
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The Français Rocks are a group of fringing rocks lying off the northeast coast of D'Urville Island, in the Joinville Island group. The name "Pointe des Français" (point of the French) was given by Captain Jules Dumont d'Urville, of the French Antarctic Expedition, 1837–40, to the northeast point of the island which at that time was believed to be continuous with Joinville Island. Surveys by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (1952–54) and aerial photographs by the Falkland Islands and Dependencies Aerial Survey Expedition (1956–57) have not revealed a definable point hereabout. For the sake of historical continuity in the area, the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee (1978) applied the name Français Rocks to these fringing rocks.
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Newer landmark programs aid in the process but there are still some steps that must be taken in order for the semilandmarks to be the same across the whole sample. Semilandmarks are not placed on the actual curve or surface but on tangent vectors to the curve or tangent planes to the surface. The sliding of semilandmarks in new programs is performed by either selecting a specimen to be the model specimen for the rest of the specimens or using a computational sample mean from tangent vectors. Semilandmarks are automatically placed in most programs when the observer chooses a starting and ending point on definable landmarks and sliding the semilandmarks between them until the shape is captured.
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In modal logic, the window operator \triangle is a modal operator with the following semantic definition: M,w\models\triangle\phi \iff \forall u, M,u\models\phi\Rightarrow Rwu for M=(W,R,f) a Kripke model and w,u\in W. Informally, it says that w "sees" every φ-world (or every φ-world is seen by w). This operator is not definable in the basic modal logic (i.e. some propositional non-modal language together with a single primitive "necessity" (universal) operator, often denoted by '\square', or its existential dual, often denoted by '\Diamond'). Notice that its truth condition is the converse of the truth condition for the standard "necessity" operator.
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The term "progressive" refers to the wide range of attempts to break with standard pop music formulas through methods such as extended instrumentation, personalized lyrics, and individual improvisation. Treblezines Ryan Reed acknowledged that the genre "sounds like an oxymoron" and is difficult to discern from other genres "without squinting". He explained that such "elusiveness is what makes 'prog-pop' a slippery term", although the genre is definable to a set of characteristics which follow: Similar to rock and roll, the tonal structure of progressive pop overthrows harmony as its basic organizing structure. However, unlike rock and roll, progressive pop inverts received conventions, playing with them ironically, disrupting them, or producing shadows of them in new and unexpected forms.
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As a text-based game, it is used by the blind and visually impaired with the assistance of screen reading software, and also the hearing impaired who are not disadvantaged due to the absence of auditory cues. Playing with a screen reader can also help those with low literacy or learning disabilities to enjoy the game whilst helping them improve their language skills, computer literacy and social skills. Some MUD clients include customisable user interfaces, such as definable buttons or rollers, which can largely remove the need to manually type commands, which is very helpful for those whose ability to operate a keyboard is impaired. Computer accessibility issues can then be overcome with assistive technologies, such as a footmouse.
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In view of the fact that this process tends to be highly complex and un-formalized, those involved in generating new ideas may seek ways to become more productive as they progress from one ideation task to another. Some may succeed in identifying patterns of invention that are common to different contexts and apply them within a certain product category, or even try to apply them to other product categories. Individuals who adopt such a cognitive strategy may expect to gain an advantage over others who treat every task as new and unrelated to past ideation. However, even if they prove productive, the patterns are likely to be idiosyncratic and, quite often, not even verbally definable.
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Subsets could be designated as automatic subsets (with rules to select records from the target data set for inclusion) or manual subsets (which used programmatic interfaces to insert and remove records). Index sets included ISAM styles (which used field keys to reference records) and bit- vectored sets (which used Boolean representation of set membership if the data set record met conditions defined in the set). Like ISAM, it used sets (indexes where all records were referenced, such as the index in Microsoft Access), subsets (a partial list of records dependent upon a definable condition, e.g. females for a database with a "sex" field) and bitmaps (a set of records meeting a certain condition (true/false) on the data set).
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Support for OS/2 Presentation Manager was added with version 3.5 in April 1996. This version also introduced multi-window support with forward-/backward-annotation, user-definable copper areas, and a built-in programming language with ULPs. It was also the first to no longer require a dongle. In 2000, EAGLE version 4.0 officially dropped support for DOS and OS/2, but now being based on Qt 3 it added native support for Windows and was among the first professional electronic CAD tools available for Linux. A 32-bit DPMI version of EAGLE 4.0 running under DOS was still available on special request in order to help support existing customers, but it was not released commercially.
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In an effort to complement the Fairtrade certification system and allow for example handcraft producers to also sell their products outside worldshops, the World Fair Trade Organization (WFTO), formerly the International Fair Trade Association (founded 1989), launched a new Mark to identify fair trade organizations in 2004 (as opposed to products in the case of Fairtrade). Called the FTO Mark, it allows consumers to recognize registered Fair Trade Organizations worldwide and guarantees that standards are being implemented regarding working conditions, wages, child labour and the environment. The FTO Mark gave for the first time Fair Trade Organizations (including handcrafts producers) definable recognition amongst consumers, existing and new business partners, governments and donors.
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In mathematics, the Tarski–Seidenberg theorem states that a set in (n + 1)-dimensional space defined by polynomial equations and inequalities can be projected down onto n-dimensional space, and the resulting set is still definable in terms of polynomial identities and inequalities. The theorem-- also known as the Tarski–Seidenberg projection property--is named after Alfred Tarski and Abraham Seidenberg. It implies that quantifier elimination is possible over the reals, that is that every formula constructed from polynomial equations and inequalities by logical connectors ∨ (or), ∧ (and), ¬ (not) and quantifiers ∀ (for all), ∃ (exists) is equivalent to a similar formula without quantifiers. An important consequence is the decidability of the theory of real-closed fields.
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The set of homomorphisms from to can then be organized as the graph whose vertices and edges are respectively the vertex and edge functions appearing in that set. Furthermore, the subgraphs of a multigraph are in bijection with the graph homomorphisms from to the multigraph definable as the complete directed graph on two vertices (hence four edges, namely two self-loops and two more edges forming a cycle) augmented with a fifth edge, namely a second self-loop at one of the vertices. We can therefore organize the subgraphs of as the multigraph , called the power object of . What is special about a multigraph as an algebra is that its operations are unary.
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Hartley Rogers emphasised the metaphysical aspect of the characteristica universalis by relating it to the "elementary theory of the ordering of the reals," defining it as "a precisely definable system for making statements of science" (Rogers 1963: 934). Universal language projects like Esperanto, and formal logic projects like Frege's Begriffsschrift are not commonly concerned with the epistemic synthesis of empirical science, mathematics, pictographs and metaphysics in the way Leibniz described. Hence scholars have had difficulty in showing how projects such as the Begriffsschrift and Esperanto embody the full vision Leibniz had for his characteristica. The writings of Alexander Gode suggested that Leibniz' characteristica had a metaphysical bias which prevented it from reflecting reality faithfully.
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The essence of the Church is > inexpressible; like all living organisms, she cannot be encompassed by any > formula, is not subject to any formal definitions. The Church is, first of > all, a living organism, a unity of love, ineffable freedom, the truth of the > faith not subject to rationalization. From the outside the Church is not > knowable or definable; she is known only by those who are within her, by > those who are her living members. The sin of scholastic theology was that it > attempted to formulate rationalistically the essence of the Church; that is, > it attempted to transform the Church from a mystery known only to believers > into something subject to the knowledge of objective reason.
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Initially, the size of an ATA drive was stored in the system x86 BIOS using a type number (1 through 45) that predefined the C/H/S parameters kursk.ru – Standard CMOS Setup and also often the landing zone, in which the drive heads are parked while not in use. Later, a "user definable" format called C/H/S or cylinders, heads, sectors was made available. These numbers were important for the earlier ST-506 interface, but were generally meaningless for ATA—the CHS parameters for later ATA large drives often specified impossibly high numbers of heads or sectors that did not actually define the internal physical layout of the drive at all.
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Roman Opałka by Lothar Wolleh In 1965, in his studio in Warsaw, Opałka began painting numbers from one to infinity. Starting in the top left-hand corner of the canvas and finishing in the bottom right-hand corner, the tiny numbers were painted in horizontal rows. Each new canvas, which the artist called a 'detail', took up counting where the last left off. Each 'detail' is the same size (196 x 135 cm), the dimension of his studio door in Warsaw. All details have the same title, "1965 / 1 – ∞"; the project had no definable end, and the artist pledged his life to its ongoing execution: 'All my work is a single thing, the description from number one to infinity.
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Some analytic philosophers have in fact claimed, since at least the 1980s, that Derrida's work is "not philosophy." One of the main arguments they gave was alleging that Derrida's influence had not been on US philosophy departments but on literature and other humanities disciplines. In his 1989 Contingency, Irony, and Solidarity, Richard Rorty argues that Derrida (especially in his book, The Post Card: From Socrates to Freud and Beyond, one section of which is an experiment in fiction) purposefully uses words that cannot be defined (e.g., différance), and uses previously definable words in contexts diverse enough to make understanding impossible, so that the reader will never be able to contextualize Derrida's literary self.
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Post-growth can be considered an asset-based approach to community development — applied not only to community development but across a wide range of categories — in response to limits-to-growth challenges, as it seeks to identify and build on cultural and technological assets to facilitate the emergence of post-growth futures. In his landmark work Prosperity Without Growth (Routledge, 2017), the economist Tim Jackson demonstrates that building a ‘post-growth’ economy is indeed a "precise, definable and meaningful task". Starting from clear first principles, he sets out the dimensions of that task: the nature of enterprise; the quality of our working lives; the structure of investment; and the role of the money supply.
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Beside WBS for project scope management, there are organizational breakdown structure (chart), cost breakdown structure and risk breakdown structure. A WBS can be developed by starting with the end objective and successively subdividing it into manageable components in terms of size, duration, and responsibility (e.g., systems, subsystems, components, tasks, sub-tasks, and work packages), which include all steps necessary to achieve the objective. The work breakdown structure provides a common framework for the natural development of the overall planning and control of a contract and is the basis for dividing work into definable increments from which the statement of work can be developed and technical, schedule, cost, and labor hour reporting can be established.
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Kennedy can still exploit this perfect political storm Martin Kettle, The Guardian, 26 April 2005 In a 1999 article, the news magazine The Economist stated: Blair's tenure is known for an expansion of LGBT rights, such as the introduction of legal civil partnerships. Blair himself has told the LGBT organisation Stonewall that "what has happened is that the culture of the country has changed in a definable way" and that "it's a thing that doesn't just give me a lot of pride, but it has actually brought a lot of joy". Blair has also claimed to have got up off his seat and danced upon seeing the first civil partnership ceremonies on television.
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Furthermore, critics pointed out that it can be challenging to find organic pathologies for all symptoms, and so the practice of diagnosing patients who suffered with such symptoms as imagining them led to the disorder being meaningless, vague and a sham-diagnosis, as it does not refer to any definable disease. Throughout its history, many patients have been misdiagnosed with conversion disorder when they had organic disorders such as tumours or epilepsy or vascular diseases. This has led to patient deaths, a lack of appropriate care and suffering for the patients. Eliot Slater, after studying the condition in the 1950s, was outspoken against the condition, as there has never been any evidence to prove that it exists.
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Woodin cardinals are important in descriptive set theory. By a resultA Proof of Projective Determinacy of Martin and Steel, existence of infinitely many Woodin cardinals implies projective determinacy, which in turn implies that every projective set is measurable, has the Baire property (differs from an open set by a meager set, that is, a set which is a countable union of nowhere dense sets), and the perfect set property (is either countable or contains a perfect subset). The consistency of the existence of Woodin cardinals can be proved using determinacy hypotheses. Working in ZF+AD+DC one can prove that \Theta _0 is Woodin in the class of hereditarily ordinal-definable sets.
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Note: On the newer models, the standard PIM apps "Address", "Date Book", "Memo Pad" and "ToDos" were replaced by their improved counterparts "Contacts", "Calendar" "Memos" and "Tasks". The Palm's Address program stores contact information, keyed by any of several user-definable categories. Entries are displayed and sorted in last name, first name order (this can be changed only to Company, Last Name order). There are five slots for phone or e-mail, each of which may be designated Work, Home, Fax, Other, E-mail, Main, Pager or Mobile (the slot designations cannot be changed) The newer Contacts app adds the following features: several addresses, 9 new fields: Website, Birthday, More phone numbers, Instant Messaging with quick connect.
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A leaky mode or tunneling mode in an optical fiber or other waveguide is a mode having an electric field that decays monotonically for a finite distance in the transverse direction but becomes oscillatory everywhere beyond that finite distance. Such a mode gradually "leaks" out of the waveguide as it travels down it, producing attenuation even if the waveguide is perfect in every respect. In order for a leaky mode to be definable as a mode, the relative amplitude of the oscillatory part (the leakage rate) must be sufficiently small that the mode substantially maintains its shape as it decays. Leaky modes correspond to leaky rays in the terminology of geometric optics.
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K is locally definable and generically absolute: For every generic extension of V, for every cardinal κ>ω1 in V[G], K as constructed in H(κ) of V[G] equals K∩H(κ). (This would not be possible had K contained Woodin cardinals). K is maximal, universal, and fully iterable. This implies that for every iterable extender model M (called a mouse), there is an elementary embedding M→N and of an initial segment of K into N, and if M is universal, the embedding is of K into M. It is conjectured that if K exists and V is closed under a sharp operator M, then K is Σ11 correct allowing real numbers in K as parameters and M as a predicate.
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3D Cleaned Scanned Twirl Semilandmarks, also called sliding landmarks, are used when the location of a landmark along a curvature might not be identifiable or repeatable. Semilandmarks were created in order to take landmark based geometric morphometrics to the next step by capturing the shape of difficult areas such as smooth curves and surfaces. In order to obtain a semilandmark, the curvature still has to start and end on definable landmarks, capture observed morphology, remain homologous across specimens in the same steps seen above for regular landmarks, be equal in number, and equally distant apart. When this approach was first proposed, Bookstein suggested gaining semilandmarks by densely sampling landmarks along the surface in a mesh and slowly thinning out the landmarks until the desired curvature was obtained.
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Chapter 3 elaborates the path to moksha (liberation) through realization of the ultimate reality and being, the Atman and the Brahman. Atman and Brahman, asserts the text, is unborn, uncaused, devoid of form or nature that can be sensed; is imperishable, neither short nor long, neither definable nor obscure, neither provable nor shrouded, neither manifested nor measurable, neither with interior nor with exterior. One attains this Atman and self-knowledge through virtues, which are six in number – truthfulness, charity, austerity, non-injury to others, Brahmacharya, and renunciation. The text then repeats the "da, da, da" axiology found in section 5.2Brihadaranyaka Upanishad Robert Hume (Translator), Oxford University Press, page 150 of the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad, referring to dama (self-restraint), dāna (charity) and daya (compassion).
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8, Proposition 3.9; Chen uses polynomial-time many-one reduction Given a set Γ of relations, Pol(Γ) denotes the set of polymorphisms of Γ. Conversely, if O is a set of operations, then Inv(O) denotes the set of relations having all operations in O as a polymorphism. Pol and Inv together build a Galois connection. For any finite set Γ of relations over a finite domain, ≪Γ≫ = Inv(Pol(Γ)) holds, that is, the set of relations pp-definable from Γ can be derived from the polymorphisms of Γ.Chen (2006), p.9, Theorem 3.13 Moreover, if Pol(Γ) ⊆ Pol(Γ') for two finite relation sets Γ and Γ', then Γ' ⊆ ≪Γ≫ and CSP(Γ') reduces to CSP(Γ).
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Much of our theology now works within a modern historical framework, recounting the interaction between God as Trinity and the world. With a Trinity as a starting point, the linear movement proceeds to retell the creation story, our time in Eden, and the Fall of Man as a historical moment in history. Thus begins salvation history, the second person of the Trinity—the pre-incarnate Logos—revealing himself to Abraham, conversing with Moses, and speaking through the Prophets. This culminates in the incarnation of one of the Trinity, who then returns to the Father, sends the Holy Spirit to guide the church for the rest of humankind until the second coming, which is the literal, definable end of the time-line.
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In mathematical logic, and more specifically in model theory, an infinite structure (M,<,...) which is totally ordered by < is called an o-minimal structure if and only if every definable subset X ⊂ M (with parameters taken from M) is a finite union of intervals and points. O-minimality can be regarded as a weak form of quantifier elimination. A structure M is o-minimal if and only if every formula with one free variable and parameters in M is equivalent to a quantifier-free formula involving only the ordering, also with parameters in M. This is analogous to the minimal structures, which are exactly the analogous property down to equality. A theory T is an o-minimal theory if every model of T is o-minimal.
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3rd Edition. FAO, Rome and 1229 breeds as of 2006.FAO. 2007. State of the world's animal genetic resources for food and agriculture (These numbers exclude extinct breeds, which are also tallied by the FAO.) For the purpose of such tallies, the FAO definition of a breed is "either a subspecific group of domestic livestock with definable and identifiable external characteristics that enable it to be separated by visual appraisal from other similarly defined groups within the same species or a group for which geographical and/or cultural separation from phenotypically similar groups has led to acceptance of its separate identity." Almost all sheep are classified as being best suited to furnishing a certain product: wool, meat, milk, hides, or a combination in a dual-purpose breed.
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The function that maps every subset of a given field to its algebraic closure is also a finitary closure operator, and in general it is different from the operator mentioned before. Finitary closure operators that generalize these two operators are studied in model theory as dcl (for definable closure) and acl (for algebraic closure). The convex hull in n-dimensional Euclidean space is another example of a finitary closure operator. It satisfies the anti- exchange property: If x is in the closure of the union of {y} and A, but not in the union of {y} and closure of A, then y is not in the closure of the union of {x} and A. Finitary closure operators with this property give rise to antimatroids.
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In Bhakti, the emphasis is reciprocal love and devotion, where the devotee loves God, and God loves the devotee. Nirguna and Saguna Brahman concepts of the Bhakti movement has been a baffling one to scholars, particularly the Nirguni tradition because it offers, states David Lorenzen, "heart-felt devotion to a God without attributes, without even any definable personality". Yet given the "mountains of Nirguni bhakti literature", adds Lorenzen, bhakti for Nirguna Brahman has been a part of the reality of the Hindu tradition along with the bhakti for Saguna Brahman.David Lorenzen (1996), Praises to a Formless God: Nirguni Texts from North India, State University of New York Press, , page 2 These were two alternate ways of imagining God during the bhakti movement.
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Together with David Marker and Lou van den Dries, he proved several results on the model theory of the real field equipped with restricted analytic functions, which has had many applications to exponentiation and O-minimality. The work of van den Dries-Macintyre-Marker has found many applications to (and is a very natural setting for problems in) Diophantine geometry on Shimura varieties (Anand Pillay, Sergei Starchenko, Jonathan Pila) and representation theory (Wilfried Schmid and Kari Vilonen). Macintyre has proved results on Boris Zilber's theory of the complex exponentiation, and Zilber's pseudo-exponential fields. Macintyre and Jamshid Derakhshan have developed a model theory for the adele ring of a number field where they prove results on quantifier elimination and measurability of definable sets.
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Trainz Railway Simulator 2006 (known as Trainz Railroad Simulator 2006 in the USA), or TRS2006, was a transitional release, incorporating the stable Auran JET based TRS2004 GUI modules with only some graphics improvements, but introducing the data base manager Content Manager Plus (CMP) as a new core technology. ContentManager.exe (now called just CM) combines data base management, and secure FTP upload and download facilities and special user definable filters all in one integrated system. By defining a good filter, the user could 'selectively not see' the clutter of regional items in the Surveyor asset selection menus saving user time when world building. This important filtering feature was further improved in Trainz 2009, becoming far more powerful and easier to use.
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Although, the urinary tract stone removal was not a necessary surgery and it appeared to be avoided in most cases, some argue that the Hippocratic Oath only wards of these procedures if the doctor holding the knife is inexperienced in that area. This idea puts forth the development of medical specialties – that is, doctors focusing on one particular area of medicine versus studying the wide array of material that is medicine. The doctors whom have become experts in the urinary tract – whom we would call urologists today – are those that could perform the heightened risk procedure of stone removal. With this reliance on specialized doctors of the urinary tract, some believe that urology itself was the first definable expertise of medical history.
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Generally, the concept of Hamitic languages and the notion of a definable "Hamite" racial and linguistic entity has been discredited. In 1974, writing about the African Great Lakes region, Christopher Ehret described the Hamitic hypothesis as the view that "almost everything more un-'primitive', sophisticated or more elaborate in East Africa [was] brought by culturally and politically dominant Hamites, immigrants from the North into East Africa, who were at least part Caucasoid in physical ancestry". He called this a "monothematic" model, which was "romantic, but unlikely" and "[had] been all but discarded, and rightly so". He further argued that there were a "multiplicity and variety" of contacts and influences passing between various peoples in Africa over time, something that he suggested the "one-directional" Hamitic model obscured.
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" There were, however, problems and confusion in applying this definition. At a second international symposium held in 1994, it was argued that, whilst tobacco was a likely causative factor in the development of leukoplakia, some white patches could be linked directly to the local effects of tobacco by virtue of their disappearance following smoking cessation, suggesting that this kind of white patch represents a reactive lesion to local tissue irritation rather than a lesion caused by carcinogens in cigarette smoke, and could be better termed to reflect this etiology, e.g. smokers' keratosis. The second international symposium therefore revised the definition of leukoplakia to: "a predominantly white lesion of the oral mucosa that cannot be characterized as any other definable lesion.
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The cumulative hierarchy is not compatible with other set theories such as New Foundations. It is possible to change the definition of V so that at each stage, instead of adding all the subsets of the union of the previous stages, subsets are only added if they are definable in a certain sense. This results in a more "narrow" hierarchy which gives the constructible universe L, which also satisfies all the axioms of ZFC, including the axiom of choice. It is independent from the ZFC axioms whether V = L. Although the structure of L is more regular and well behaved than that of V, few mathematicians argue that V = L should be added to ZFC as an additional "axiom of constructibility".
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1: "there are those who advance the thesis that American exceptionalism means...there can be no American conservatism precisely because the American Revolution created a universally liberal society." No American party has advocated European ideals of conservatism such as a monarchy, an established church, or a hereditary aristocracy. American conservatism is best characterized as a reaction against utopian ideas of progress.Iain McLean and Alistair McMillan, Concise Oxford Dictionary of Politics, p. 114, "Conservative ideas are, thus, more genuine and profound than many critics suggest, but such unity as they have is purely negative, definable only by its opposition and rejection of abstract, universal, and ideal principles..." Although the laissez-faire policy goals of American conservatives have never been popular,Chait, Jonathan.
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Quine first observes that Carnap's starting point was not the strictest possible, as his "sense-datum language" included not only sense-events but also "the notations of logic, up through higher set theory... Empiricists there are who would boggle at such prodigality." Nonetheless, says Quine, Carnap showed great ingenuity in defining sensory concepts "which, but for his constructions, one would not have dreamed were definable on so slender a basis." However, even such admirable efforts left Carnap, by his own admission, far short of completing the whole project. Finally, Quine objects in principle to Carnap's proposed translation of statements like "quality q is at point-instant x;y;z;t" into his sense-datum language, because he does not define the connective "is at".
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Here are the last phrases from a review by Robert Reed of a book by Leo Corry: :Corry does not seem to feel that any formal definition of structure could do justice to the use of the concept in actual mathematical practice [...] Corry's view could be summarized as the belief that 'structure' refers essentially to a way of doing mathematics, and is therefore a concept probably just as far from being precisely definable as the cultural artifact of mathematics itself. For more information on mathematical structures see Wikipedia: mathematical structure, equivalent definitions of mathematical structures, and transport of structure. The distinction between geometric "spaces" and algebraic "structures" is sometimes clear, sometimes elusive. Clearly, groups are algebraic, while Euclidean spaces are geometric.
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Examining relations between historically nomadic Bedouin Arabs and the Syrian state in the 20th century, Dawn Chatty notes that "Hardin's argument […] was curiously accepted as the fundamental explanation for the degradation of the steppe land" in development schemes for the arid interior of the country, downplaying the larger role of agricultural overexploitation in desertification as it melded with prevailing nationalist ideology which viewed nomads as socially backward and economically harmful. Elinor Ostrom and her colleagues looked at how real-world communities manage communal resources, such as fisheries, land irrigation systems, and farmlands, and they identified a number of factors conducive to successful resource management. One factor is the resource itself; resources with definable boundaries (e.g., land) can be preserved much more easily.
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If V is a standard model of ZFC and κ is an inaccessible in V, then: Vκ is one of the intended models of Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory; and Def(Vκ) is one of the intended models of Mendelson's version of Von Neumann–Bernays–Gödel set theory which excludes global choice, replacing limitation of size by replacement and ordinary choice; and Vκ+1 is one of the intended models of Morse–Kelley set theory. Here Def (X) is the Δ0 definable subsets of X (see constructible universe). However, κ does not need to be inaccessible, or even a cardinal number, in order for Vκ to be a standard model of ZF (see below). Suppose V is a model of ZFC.
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Later an independent consultant, Hardy's work with Samsung Electronics (1996-2003) involved creating a new brand-design ethos of duality: "Balance of Reason and Feeling", while integrating a comprehensive design management system and innovation strategy into the corporate culture.Nussbaum, B., "The Hungriest Tiger", Business Week, June 2, 1997, p.99Delaney, M.; Hardy, T.; McFarland, J.; Yoon, G., ″Global Localization″, Innovation, Summer 2002, pp.46-9 His introduction of brand-design infrastructure elements that were definable, repeatable, measurable, scalable and actionable has been cited in business publications as strategic assets that resulted in a unique identity for Samsung and helped elevate the company's global brand image and brand equity value.Bremmer, B.; Ihlwan, M., ″Cool Korea″ , Business Week, June 10, 2002, p.
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Australian Dance band at the Jack Keating Dance Studio circa 1930 from the Tom Lennon collection, courtesy of the Powerhouse Museum Jazz music has a long history in Australia. Over the years jazz has held a high-profile at local clubs, festivals and other music venues and a vast number of recordings have been produced by Australian jazz musicians, many of whom have gone on to gain a high profile in the international jazz arena. Jazz is an American musical genre originated by African Americans but the style was rapidly and enthusiastically taken up by musicians all over the world, including Australia. Jazz and jazz-influenced syncopated dance music was being performed in Australia within a year of the emergence of jazz as a definable musical genre in the United States.
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A C-relation is a ternary relation C(x;yz) that satisfies the following axioms. # \forall xyz\, [ C(x;yz)\rightarrow C(x;zy) ], # \forall xyz\, [ C(x;yz)\rightarrow eg C(y;xz) ], # \forall xyzw\, [ C(x;yz)\rightarrow (C(w;yz)\vee C(x;wz)) ], # \forall xy\, [ x eq y \rightarrow \exists z eq y\, C(x;yz) ]. A C-minimal structure is a structure M, in a signature containing the symbol C, such that C satisfies the above axioms and every set of elements of M that is definable with parameters in M is a Boolean combination of instances of C, i.e. of formulas of the form C(x;bc), where b and c are elements of M. A theory is called C-minimal if all of its models are C-minimal.
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Rule 7: Possible for high-level insert, update, and delete: :The capability of handling a base relation or a derived relation as a single operand applies not only to the retrieval of data but also to the insertion, update and deletion of data. Rule 8: Physical data independence: :Application programs and terminal activities remain logically unimpaired whenever any changes are made in either storage representations or access methods. Rule 9: Logical data independence: :Application programs and terminal activities remain logically unimpaired when information-preserving changes of any kind that theoretically permit unimpairment are made to the base tables. Rule 10: Integrity independence: :Integrity constraints specific to a particular relational data base must be definable in the relational data sublanguage and storable in the catalog, not in the application programs.
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Full packet capture appliances capture and record all Ethernet/IP activity, while filtered packet capture appliances capture only a subset of traffic based on a set of user- definable filters; such as IP address, MAC address or protocol. Unless using the packet capture appliance for a very specific purpose covered by the filter parameters, it is generally best to use full packet capture appliances or otherwise risk missing vital data. Particularly when using a packet capture for network forensics or cybersecurity purposes, it is paramount to capture everything because any packet not captured on the spot is a packet that is gone forever. It is impossible to know ahead of time the specific characteristics of the packets or transmissions needed, especially in the case of an advanced persistent threat (APT).
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Large cardinals are understood in the context of the von Neumann universe V, which is built up by transfinitely iterating the powerset operation, which collects together all subsets of a given set. Typically, models in which large cardinal axioms fail can be seen in some natural way as submodels of those in which the axioms hold. For example, if there is an inaccessible cardinal, then "cutting the universe off" at the height of the first such cardinal yields a universe in which there is no inaccessible cardinal. Or if there is a measurable cardinal, then iterating the definable powerset operation rather than the full one yields Gödel's constructible universe, L, which does not satisfy the statement "there is a measurable cardinal" (even though it contains the measurable cardinal as an ordinal).
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As an Affiliate, the Center of the West has hosted Smithsonian artifacts. It has also recently loaned some of its own vast collections to a Smithsonian exhibition in Washington, D.C. The museums are connected by a unifying "credo" (adopted 2010 by the Board of Trustees) that begins, "We believe in a spirit, definable and intellectually real, called 'The Spirit of the American West.'" The institution includes the recently reconceived Buffalo Bill Museum, which highlights Western ephemera and historic objects in telling the life story of W. F. "Buffalo Bill" Cody. Edward Rothstein of the New York Times wrote, > The exhibition [on Buffalo Bill] affirms what the center as a whole > demonstrates: that behind the mythologizing is something worth cherishing, > even if it is flawed, complex and still evolving.
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In 2010, LSI released two platforms: an educational institution analytics platform called Information Visibility Solutions™ (IVS) and a homework and assessment platform that combined features of the WorldWideTestbank and WorldWidewGradebook with an optional connection to tutoring called MyAcademicWorkshop™. IVS applies the alerts and notices features common in gradebook applications, but at an enterprise level and with user-definable dashboards. For IVS, which bridges different databases in which an institution may hold its data to display interrelated events about a college campus as the events are occurring, LSI collaborated with Mindshare, Inc. in nearby Clearwater, Florida, a company that already had developed analytics for the state of Florida; MyAcademicWorkshop enables schools to place students into one of a number developmental math courses and provides content for these courses aligned to state or national standards.
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Other aspects of Fischer's patent, such as a synthesized voice announcing how much time the players have, thus eliminating the need for them to keep looking at the clock, have not been adopted. On March 10, 1994, a patent application was filed by inventors Frank A. Camaratta Jr. of Huntsville, Alabama, and William Goichberg of Salisbury Mills, New York, for a game timer especially suitable for playing the game of chess, which employed a (simple) "delay" feature. The game timer provides, among other features, a user-definable delay between the time the activation button is pressed and the time that the activated clock actually begins to count down. United States Patent 5,420,830 was issued on May 10, 1995, and subsequently assigned to the United States Chess Federation by the inventors.
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In an effort to complement the Fairtrade product certification system and allow most notably handcraft producers to also sell their products outside worldshops, the World Fair Trade Organization (WFTO) launched in 2004 a new Mark to identify fair trade organizations (as opposed to products in the case of FLO International and Fairtrade). Called the FTO Mark, it allows consumers to recognize registered Fair Trade Organizations worldwide and seeks to guarantee that standards are being implemented regarding working conditions, wages, child labour, and the environment. The FTO Mark offers Fair Trade Organizations (including handcrafts producers) definable standards which inform consumers, business partners, governments, and donors of the applicable trading standard. in 2014 the Fairtrade Program Mark was introduced to create new sales opportunities, initially for cocoa, sugar and cotton producers.
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This argument allows us to discuss specific features of the model that we may otherwise miss—for example, a bound on a specific increasing sequence cn can be expressed as realizing the type which uses countably many parameters. If the sequence is not definable, this fact about the structure cannot be described using the base language, so a weakly saturated structure may not bound the sequence, while an ω-saturated structure will. The reason we only require parameter sets that are strictly smaller than the model is trivial: without this restriction, no infinite model is saturated. Consider a model M, and the type Each finite subset of this type is realized in the (infinite) model M, so by compactness it is consistent with M, but is trivially not realized.
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Performance features Almost all sound parameters have a dedicated knob or slider and can be changed in real-time. Real time modulation sources include pitch wheel, modulation wheel, ribbon controller, keyboard velocity and aftertouch. While the first wheel is destinated to the modification of the pitch to up to 24 semitones, the other modulation sources have a large choice of destinations, including many parameters related to LFOs, envelopes, oscillator and oscillator common functions; the ribbon controller can control up to two parameters at the same time. With the Morph function, morphing between two sounds can be accomplished, either in real time (using the modulation wheel), or automated (with a definable morphing time); the result is an interpolation from one timbre to another, causing the initial timbre to 'evolve' into the final one.
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The general area was the main stopping ground for all travellers who had just descended or were about to ascend Cox's Pass, the first being Governor Macquarie and his party in 1815 following construction of Cox's Road. The station has state significance as the site of one of the earliest recorded conflicts between Europeans and Aborigines west of the Blue Mountains and as the site of one of only four incidents during the relatively peaceful period in the region between 1815 and 1822 prior to government policy changes and the rise of tensions associated with European settlement. It is the first definable incident. The place has a strong or special association with a person, or group of persons, of importance of cultural or natural history of New South Wales's history.
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Svenonius' reputation as a mathematical model theorist was established with the publication of three papers in Theoria in 1959 and 1960: # \aleph_0-categoricity in first-order predicate calculus, # A theorem on permutations in models, # On minimal models of first-order systems. In particular, paper (2) contains what is now called "Svenonius' Theorem", an important result on definability of predicates in first order theories. Even the statement of this result requires mathematical model- theoretic concepts. It states that if the interpretation of a predicate in any model of a first-order theory is invariant under permutations ("automorphisms") of the model fixing the other predicates, then the interpretation of that predicate is definable in every model by a formula involving only the other predicates; furthermore only finitely many such defining formulas are required.
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In listening to the groups that Salamunovich led full-time at the professional, collegiate and church levels as well as his numerous guest conducting positions around the world, it is noteworthy he managed to get his signature sound and interpretation no matter what level of ability the singers possessed. He also managed to accomplish this in a remarkably short amount of rehearsal time. His rehearsals were performances in themselves in which his analogies and "word pictures" turned subjective concepts into definable sounds that could immediately be grasped by the singers he conducted. Given his years conducting church choirs while having to play the organ, Salamunovich developed the use of his facial expressions almost like another set of hands to communicate the tone and vocal "shape" he wanted from the choir.
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In terms of descriptive complexity theory, NP corresponds precisely to the set of languages definable by existential second-order logic (Fagin's theorem). NP can be seen as a very simple type of interactive proof system, where the prover comes up with the proof certificate and the verifier is a deterministic polynomial-time machine that checks it. It is complete because the right proof string will make it accept if there is one, and it is sound because the verifier cannot accept if there is no acceptable proof string. A major result of complexity theory is that NP can be characterized as the problems solvable by probabilistically checkable proofs where the verifier uses O(log n) random bits and examines only a constant number of bits of the proof string (the class PCP(log n, 1)).
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Axiom schema of collection: the image f[A] of the domain set A under the definable class function f falls inside a set B. The axiom schema of collection is closely related to and frequently confused with the axiom schema of replacement. Over the remainder of the ZF axioms, it is equivalent to the axiom schema of replacement. The axiom of collection is stronger than replacement in the absence of the power set axiom or its constructive counterpart of ZF but weaker in the framework of IZF, which lacks the law of excluded middle. While replacement can be read to say that the image of a function is a set, collection speaks about images of relations and then merely says that some superclass of the relations image is a set.
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The theory is deterministic ("In contrast to the usual interpretation, this alternative interpretation permits us to conceive of each individual system as being in a precisely definable state, whose changes with time are determined by definite laws, analogous to (but not identical with) the classical equations of motion. Quantum-mechanical probabilities are regarded (like their counterparts in classical statistical mechanics) as only a practical necessity and not as an inherent lack of complete determination in the properties of matter at the quantum level.") and explicitly nonlocal: the velocity of any one particle depends on the value of the guiding equation, which depends on the configuration of the system given by its wave function; the latter depends on the boundary conditions of the system, which, in principle, may be the entire universe.
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In the early episodes, Harry, unlike the rest of the "family," didn't seem to have any definable role in the expedition. During the opening credits of the first season, James Earl Jones, acting as narrator, states that "well-- they had an extra seat" in reference to him. After the discovery that he has a "transmitter" implanted in his brain (which, apparently, takes up half the space in his head) for the purposes of communication with the home planet, he takes the title of "Communications Officer," which the others agree to so he doesn't feel left out. According to an interview with French Stewart on the 3rd Rock from the Sun First Season DVD, Harry was related to/knew an important alien back on the homeworld, and that his position was a sinecure.
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In June, he sent the 2nd Battalion 6th Marines into Fallujah, dividing it up into ten precincts and sending Marines and Iraqi Police into each precinct in a duplication of 1st Battalion 6th Marines' operations in Ramadi. A US Military chart which shows the decrease of Iraqi insurgent attacks in Al Anbar Governorate from October 2006 to August 2007 In May, General Gaskin began planning to retake the city of Karmah, which sat astride a main supply route between Fallujah and Baghdad and was an important insurgent stronghold. Unlike other locales, Karmah had no definable perimeter, making it easy for outsiders to access, as when insurgents fled to Karmah after being pushed out of Baghdad. Gaskin sent one of his aides to Jordan to meet with Sheikh Mishan, head of Karmah's largest tribe, the Jumayli.
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In the UK anti-establishment figures and groups are seen as those who argue or act against the ruling class. Having an established church, in England, a British monarchy, an aristocracy, and an unelected upper house in Parliament made up in part by hereditary nobles, the UK has a clearly definable Establishment against which anti-establishment figures can be contrasted. In particular, satirical humour is commonly used to undermine the deference shown by the majority of the population towards those who govern them. Examples of British anti-establishment satire include much of the humour of Peter Cook and Ben Elton; novels such as Rumpole of the Bailey; magazines such as Private Eye; and television programmes like Spitting Image, That Was The Week That Was, and The Prisoner (see also the satire boom of the 1960s).
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John Kelman wrote at All About Jazz that "Henry Cow represented a new kind of classical chamber music; one where spontaneity was a partial component, and the instrumentation used created textures that defied those looking for tradition and convention." Edward Macan in his 1997 book Rocking the Classics: English Progressive Rock and the Counterculture described Henry Cow's music as "highly eclectic" and said that their pieces often included "furious atonal instrumental passages with no discernable melodic contour or key center, impossibly complex shifting meters alternating with freely ametric sections with no definable beat or regular recurring rhythms, and jagged, sprechstimme-like vocal lines that blur the line between song and speech." Henry Cow's music was challenging, not only to the listener, but also to the band themselves. They often composed pieces to challenge their own capabilities.
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Artisan Jack Grue designed the stained glass windows. Construction of this new synagogue, along with a significant amount of new housing for members of the congregation that was within walking distance of the synagogue, created a clearly definable geographic area, readily distinguishable from other areas, which has now been placed on the National Register of Historic Places and called the Vollintine Hills Historic District. The congregation's membership doubled in the new synagogue, emerging as the largest Orthodox congregation in the United States. Explanations for this strong growth vary: A claim has been made that it is a "testament to the strength of orthodox Judaism in Memphis;" other sources attribute it as something of a hallmark or local trait, that is, the tendency at that time for both Jews and Christians in Memphis to be affiliated with a religious institution.
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In the language of category theory, free Boolean algebras can be defined simply in terms of an adjunction between the category of sets and functions, Set, and the category of Boolean algebras and Boolean algebra homomorphisms, BA. In fact, this approach generalizes to any algebraic structure definable in the framework of universal algebra. Above, we said that a free Boolean algebra is a Boolean algebra with a set of generators that behave a certain way; alternatively, one might start with a set and ask which algebra it generates. Every set X generates a free Boolean algebra FX defined as the algebra such that for every algebra B and function f : X → B, there is a unique Boolean algebra homomorphism f′ : FX → B that extends f. Diagrammatically, center where iX is the inclusion, and the dashed arrow denotes uniqueness.
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560, 565 (en banc) (BIA 1999) ("As we have stated in other cases involving discretionary relief, extreme hardship is not a definable term of fixed and inflexible meaning, and the elements to establish extreme hardship are dependent upon the facts and circumstances of each case."). Under the INA, effects of certain grounds to deportability and inadmissibility can be waived by immigration officers under the U.S. Secretary of Homeland Security or by immigration judges under the U.S. Attorney General. Their decisions can be appealed to the Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA) and then reviewed by authorized federal judges. Several waivers are available by the statute of immigration codes while some other require showing "extreme hardship" potentially caused to a qualifying family member (the US citizen or legal permanent resident's close relatives) of the defendant (person excluded from admission or being removed).
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A continental divide is a drainage divide on a continent such that the drainage basin on one side of the divide feeds into one ocean or sea, and the basin on the other side either feeds into a different ocean or sea, or else is endorheic, not connected to the open sea. Every continent on earth except Antarctica (which has no known significant, definable free-flowing surface rivers) has at least one continental drainage divide; islands, even small ones like Killiniq Island on the Labrador Sea in Canada, may also host part of a continental divide or have their own island-spanning divide. The endpoints of a continental divide may be coastlines of gulfs, seas or oceans, the boundary of an endorheic basin, or another continental divide. One case, the Great Basin Divide, is a closed loop around an endoreic basin.
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In his Regional Economic Growth (1969), Horst Siebert viewed regional economics as the study of humans' economic behavior in space. Drawing from the definition of regional economics as the system of the scholarly answers to the question "What is where, and why--and so what?" in An Introduction to Regional Economics (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1971; 3rd ed., 1984) by Edgar M. Hoover and Frank Giarratanai, and from Dubey's (1964: 29) definition of regional economics as "the study of differentiation and interrelationships of areas in a universe of unevenly distributed and imperfectly mobile resources with particular emphasis in application on the planning of the social overhead capital investments to mitigate the social problems by these circumstances," it is definable as the study of the systems of how (much) and where to produce and redistribute what using scarce resources or public goods.
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If L, M and N are three structures, L is interpreted in M, and M is interpreted in N, then one can naturally construct a composite interpretation of L in N. If two structures M and N are interpreted in each other, then by combining the interpretations in two possible ways, one obtains an interpretation of each of the two structures in itself. This observation permits one to define an equivalence relation among structures, reminiscent of the homotopy equivalence among topological spaces. Two structures M and N are bi-interpretable if there exists an interpretation of M in N and an interpretation of N in M such that the composite interpretations of M in itself and of N in itself are definable in M and in N, respectively (the composite interpretations being viewed as operations on M and on N).
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Mikhail Yakovlevich Suslin (; Krasavka, Saratov Oblast, November 15, 1894 - 21 October 1919, Krasavka) (sometimes transliterated Souslin) was a Russian mathematician who made major contributions to the fields of general topology and descriptive set theory. His name is especially associated to Suslin's problem, a question relating to totally ordered sets that was eventually found to be independent of the standard system of set-theoretic axioms, ZFC. He contributed greatly to the theory of analytic sets, sometimes called after him, a kind of a set of reals that is definable via trees. In fact, while he was a research student of Nikolai Luzin (in 1917) he found an error in an argument of Lebesgue, who believed he had proved that for any Borel set in \R^2, the projection onto the real axis was also a Borel set.
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Higher order logics include the offshoots of Church's Simple theory of typesAlonzo Church, A formulation of the simple theory of types, The Journal of Symbolic Logic 5(2):56-68 (1940) and the various forms of intuitionistic type theory. Gérard Huet has shown that unifiability is undecidable in a type theoretic flavor of third-order logic, that is, there can be no algorithm to decide whether an arbitrary equation between third-order (let alone arbitrary higher-order) terms has a solution. Up to a certain notion of isomorphism, the powerset operation is definable in second-order logic. Using this observation, Jaakko Hintikka established in 1955 that second-order logic can simulate higher-order logics in the sense that for every formula of a higher order-logic one can find an equisatisfiable formula for it in second-order logic.
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In "Back to the Essay: World Literature Today in the Twenty-First Century," Davis-Undiano argued for a move away from the stilted academic style of the scholarly article, favoring instead the more creative, experimental, and unrestrained form of the essay. He explains: > The essay tradition is not a prescriptive one of writing in a certain mold, > but a capacious one defined mainly by a strategy for maintaining effective > ties among writing form, the material being discussed, and the intended > audience. Essays in the main tradition tend to have a definable perspective, > even on occasion a personal one, and they speak in an idiom that reaches a > broad audience. They tend to emphasize the occasion for foregrounding a > question or issue as important, and they tend to demonstrate the argument in > the form of the essay itself.
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Wilkie was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 2001. To quote the citation :Wilkie has combined logical techniques and differential-geometric techniques to establish fundamental Finiteness Theorems for sets definable using the exponential function, and more general Pfaffian functions. The results, going far beyond those obtained by conventional methods, have already had striking applications to Lie groups.NOTICES, Bulletin of Symbolic Logic, Vol 7, No 3, p436, 2001 Wilkie received the Carol Karp Prize (the highest award made by the Association for Symbolic Logic, every five years) jointly with Ehud Hrushovski in 1993.NOTICES Carol Karp Prize, J. Symbolic logic, Volume 58, Number 2, June 1993 He was elected to the Council of the London Mathematical Society in 2007, vice-president of the Association for Symbolic Logic (2006) and president of the Association for Symbolic Logic in 2009.
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This ridgeline separates the drainage of the Holston river on the north from the Nolichucky river on the South. The grant southern boundary are the mountains defining the Tennessee/ North Carolina border and separating the drainage of the Nolichucky river from that of the French Broad river. On the eastern extremity the boundary is the ridge crest that defines the watershed between the Nolichucky and the Watauga rivers extended southward from a point near the present day Boone Dam to the readily definable point of the head of Indian Creek that is today Sam's Gap. On the west the grant line definition is not so clearly defined but can be taken as a line northward from the high point on the state line above the present day Hot Springs NC northward to the western end of the aforementioned Chimney Top ridge line.
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Under Internal Revenue Code Section 1001(c) all realized losses are deductible except as otherwise not allowed in the Code. For individuals, deductions are mainly limited by Internal Revenue Code Section 165 (c). Deductions for losses are limited to 1) those incurred in a trade or business; 2) those incurred in any transaction entered into for profit; and 3) those personal losses that arise from fire, storm, shipwreck, or other casualty, or from theft. So, in order for an individual to be able to deduct a personal loss, meaning a loss not arising from a business pursuit or a transaction intended to make a profit, the loss must be caused by fire, storm, shipwreck, or other casualty, or theft. While fire, storm, and shipwreck are recognizable and fairly definable, determining what constitutes “other casualty” is less sure.
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His work has progressed over the years, becoming more experimental and conceptual and therefore not as definable; he is inspired just as easily from a museum as from a hardware store or physics laboratory. He moves freely between art and design, always aiming to surprise audiences through an inquisitive and conceptual approach. He searches for the unconventional and the unexpected, a philosophy reflected in the breadth of projects he works on, ranging from photography, sculpture, installations, and architectural projects to set design for opera and ballet. Rolf Sachs has exhibited worldwide at major art and design galleries and exhibitions including the MAKK Museum in Cologne, Galerie von Bartha in St Moritz, the Victoria & Albert Museum in London, ammann// gallery at Design Miami Basel, Phillips de Pury & Company New York, Monica Sprüth Cologne and Faggionato Fine Arts in London.
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The existence of ultrasonic values is a consequence of the frequency-divider design; in order to have adequate resolution at audible frequencies it is necessary for the overall clock rate (and thus the output at small divisors) to be considerably higher than the audible range. Only divisors below 5 give entirely-ultrasonic output frequencies. Frequencies equivalent to the top octave of a piano keyboard can be defined with reasonable accuracy versus the accepted note values for the even-tempered scale, to nearly 1 Hz precision in the A440 range and even more finely at lower pitches. Despite the high maximum frequency, the ability to divide that figure by 4096 means the lowest directly definable output frequency is 30.6 Hz, roughly equal to B0, the third lowest note on a normal 88-key piano, and as good as subsonic with everyday speaker systems.
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The k-outerplanar graphs have treewidth at most 3k-1. However, some bounded-treewidth planar graphs such as the nested triangles graph may be k-outerplanar only for very large k, linear in the number of vertices. Baker's technique covers a planar graph with a constant number of k-outerplanar graphs and uses their low treewidth in order to quickly approximate several hard graph optimization problems.. In connection with the GNRS conjecture on metric embedding of minor-closed graph families, the k-outerplanar graphs are one of the most general classes of graphs for which the conjecture has been proved. A conjectured converse of Courcelle's theorem, according to which every graph property recognizable on graphs of bounded treewidth by finite state tree automata is definable in the monadic second-order logic of graphs, has been proven for the k-outerplanar graphs.
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Treefinder also supports exporting results as NEWICK or NEXUS files. The software supports a broad collection of models of sequence evolution. The June 2008 release implements 7 models of nucleotide substitution (HKY, TN, J1, J2, J3 (= TIM), TVM, GTR), 14 empirical models of amino acid substitution (BLOSUM, cpREV, Dayhoff, JTT, LG, mtArt, mtMam, mtREV, PMB, rtREV, betHIV, witHIV, VT, WAG), 4 substitution models of structured rRNA (bactRNA, eukRNA, euk23RNA, mitoRNA), the 6-state "Dayhoff Groups" protein model (DG), 2-state and 3-state models of DNA (GTR3, GTR2), a parametric mixed model (MIX) mixing the empirical models of proteins or rRNA, and also a user-definable GTR-type model (MAP) mapping characters to states as needed. Three models of among-site rate heterogeneity are available (Gamma, Gamma+I, I), which can be combined with any of the substitution models.
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In stratigraphic excavation, the goal is to remove some or, preferably, all archaeological deposits and features in the reverse order they were created and construct a Harris matrix as a chronological record or "sequence" of the site. This Harris matrix is used for interpretation and combining contexts into ever larger units of understanding. This stratigraphic removal of the site is crucial for understanding the chronology of events on site. Stratigraphic excavation involves a process of cleaning or "troweling back" the surface of the site and isolating contexts and edges which are definable as either: # Discrete, discernible "edges" that are formed by being completely separated from the surrounding surface and therefore stratigraphically later than its surroundings # Discrete, discernible "edges" (as in 1.) and have boundaries dictated by the limit of excavation Following this preliminary process of defining the context, it is then recorded and removed.
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The Private Memoirs and Confessions of a Justified Sinner: Written by Himself: With a detail of curious traditionary facts and other evidence by the editor is a novel by the Scottish author James Hogg, published anonymously in 1824. The plot concerns Robert Wringhim, a staunch Calvinist who believes he is guaranteed Salvation and justified in killing those he believes are already damned by God. The novel has been classified among many genres, including gothic novel, psychological mystery, metafiction, satire and study of totalitarian thought, it can also be thought of as an early example of modern crime fiction in which the story is told, for the most part, from the point of view of its criminal anti-hero. The action of the novel is located in a historically definable Scotland with accurately observed settings, and simultaneously implies a pseudo-Christian world of angels, devils, and demonic possession.
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In set theory and its applications throughout mathematics, a subclass is a class contained in some other class in the same way that a subset is a set contained in some other set. That is, given classes A and B, A is a subclass of B if and only if every member of A is also a member of B. If A and B are sets, then of course A is also a subset of B. In fact, when using a definition of classes that requires them to be first-order definable, it is enough that B be a set; the axiom of specification essentially says that A must then also be a set. As with subsets, the empty set is a subclass of every class, and any class is a subclass of itself. But additionally, every class is a subclass of the class of all sets.
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A cardinal κ is called η-C(n)-extendible if there is an elementary embedding j witnessing that κ is η-extendible (that is, j is elementary from Vκ+η to some Vλ with critical point κ) such that furthermore, Vj(κ) is Σn-correct in V. That is, for every Σn formula φ, φ holds in Vj(κ) if and only if φ holds in V. A cardinal κ is said to be C(n)-extendible if it is η-C(n)-extendible for every ordinal η. Every extendible cardinal is C(1)-extendible, but for n≥1, the least C(n)-extendible cardinal is never C(n+1)-extendible (Bagaria 2011). Vopěnka's principle implies the existence of extendible cardinals; in fact, Vopěnka's principle (for definable classes) is equivalent to the existence of C(n)-extendible cardinals for all n (Bagaria 2011). All extendible cardinals are supercompact cardinals (Kanamori 2003).
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The original statement of the paradox, due to Richard (1905), is strongly related to Cantor's diagonal argument on the uncountability of the set of real numbers. The paradox begins with the observation that certain expressions of natural language define real numbers unambiguously, while other expressions of natural language do not. For example, "The real number the integer part of which is 17 and the nth decimal place of which is 0 if n is even and 1 if n is odd" defines the real number 17.1010101... = 1693/99, whereas the phrase "the capital of England" does not define a real number, nor the phrase "the smallest positive integer not definable in under sixty letters" (see Berry's paradox). Thus there is an infinite list of English phrases (such that each phrase is of finite length, but the list itself is of infinite length) that define real numbers unambiguously.
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The body of the Minolta 9000 is a robust all-metal construction, with the pentaprism being the only component not to be completely encased in metal. The shutter was capable of the then-extremely short exposure time of 1/4000 seconds, as well as of 1/250 second synchronisation. The exposure meter provided the user with the usual range of automatic exposure modes: automatic, shutter priority, aperture priority and manual mode. As metering modes, it was capable of centre-weighted integral metering and spot metering; spot metering could be further refined with light and shadow corrections, which used an exposure memory to correct exposure by up to 2.3 EV. Furthermore, an optional back "program back super 90" (PBS-90) provided multi-spot measurements, with optional automatic weighting by average (AVERAGE), mean (CENTER), highlight (HIGHLIGHT) and shadow (SHADOW), as well as user-definable program curves.
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Solovay suggested in his paper that the use of an inaccessible cardinal might not be necessary. Several authors proved weaker versions of Solovay's result without assuming the existence of an inaccessible cardinal. In particular showed there was a model of ZFC in which every ordinal-definable set of reals is measurable, Solovay showed there is a model of ZF + DC in which there is some translation-invariant extension of Lebesgue measure to all subsets of the reals, and showed that there is a model in which all sets of reals have the Baire property (so that the inaccessible cardinal is indeed unnecessary in this case). The case of the perfect set property was solved by , who showed (in ZF) that if every set of reals has the perfect set property and the first uncountable cardinal ℵ1 is regular then ℵ1 is inaccessible in the constructible universe.
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At this time a major upgrade took place with the introduction of spring-loaded wrought iron buffers to assist in the berthing of larger vessels in the difficult north-easterly seas to which the wharf was exposed. This was in conjunction with a mooring buoy to the north east of the jetty. When ships berthed at the wharf they would drop anchor to the north west of the wharf and attach a spring line from the mooring buoy and from these would spring against the buffers in front of the wharf. The position of the wharf was selected as it was the most protected position in the area particularly from the south. Between 1907 and 1912 the wharf underwent major extensions in 8 definable stages including a sub-deck, jib crane, the addition of the cattle race, loading ramp and passenger shelter. In 1919 the passenger shelter was replaced by a single storey shed abutting the two story building.
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Modern views often center around physicalism and functionalism, which hold that the mind is roughly identical with the brain or reducible to physical phenomena such as neuronal activitySmart, J.J.C., "The Mind/Brain Identity Theory", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2011 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), though dualism and idealism continue to have many supporters. Another question concerns which types of beings are capable of having minds (New Scientist 8 September 2018 p10). For example, whether mind is exclusive to humans, possessed also by some or all animals, by all living things, whether it is a strictly definable characteristic at all, or whether mind can also be a property of some types of human-made machines. Whatever its nature, it is generally agreed that mind is that which enables a being to have subjective awareness and intentionality towards their environment, to perceive and respond to stimuli with some kind of agency, and to have consciousness, including thinking and feeling.
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A bigraph is a 5-tuple: (V,E,ctrl,prnt,link) : \langle k,X \rangle \to \langle m,Y \rangle, where V is a set of nodes, E is a set of edges, ctrl is the control map that assigns controls to nodes, prnt is the parent map that defines the nesting of nodes, and link is the link map that defines the link structure. The notation \langle k,X \rangle \to \langle m,Y \rangle indicates that the bigraph has k holes (sites) and a set of inner names X and m regions, with a set of outer names Y. These are respectively known as the inner and outer interfaces of the bigraph. Formally speaking, each bigraph is an arrow in a symmetric partial monoidal category (usually abbreviated spm-category) in which the objects are these interfaces. As a result, the composition of bigraphs is definable in terms of the composition of arrows in the category.
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Jeaneane Fowler states that the concepts of Nirguna and Saguna Brahman, at the root of Bhakti movement theosophy, underwent more profound development with the ideas of Vedanta school of Hinduism, particularly those of Adi Shankara's Advaita Vedanta, Ramanuja's Vishishtadvaita Vedanta, and Madhvacharya's Dvaita Vedanta. Two 12th-century influential treatises on bhakti were Sandilya Bhakti Sutra – a treatise resonating with Nirguna-bhakti, and Narada Bhakti Sutra – a treatise that leans towards Saguna-bhakti.Jessica Frazier and Gavin Flood (2011), The Continuum Companion to Hindu Studies, Bloomsbury Academic, , pages 113-115 Nirguna and Saguna Brahman concepts of the Bhakti movement has been a baffling one to scholars, particularly the Nirguni tradition because it offers, states David Lorenzen, "heart-felt devotion to a God without attributes, without even any definable personality". Yet given the "mountains of Nirguni bhakti literature", adds Lorenzen, bhakti for Nirguna Brahman has been a part of the reality of the Hindu tradition along with the bhakti for Saguna Brahman.
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Dreyfus, H. L., Being-in-the-World: A Commentary on Heidegger's Being and Time (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1990). Dasein for Heidegger can be a way of being involved with and caring for the immediate world in which one lives, while always remaining aware of the contingent element of that involvement, of the priority of the world to the self, and of the evolving nature of the self itself. The opposite of this authentic self is everyday and inauthentic Dasein, the forfeiture of one's individual meaning, destiny and lifespan, in favour of an (escapist) immersion in the public everyday world—the anonymous, identical world of the They and the Them.J. Collins/H. Selina, Heidegger for Beginners (1998) p. 64-81 In harmony with Nietzsche's critique of the subject, as something definable in terms of consciousness, Heidegger distinguished Dasein from everyday consciousness in order to emphasize the critical importance "Being" has for our understanding and interpretation of the world, and so on.
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Jeaneane Fowler states that the concepts of Nirguna and Saguna Brahman, at the root of Bhakti movement theosophy, underwent more profound development with the ideas of Vedanta school of Hinduism, particularly those of Adi Shankara's Advaita Vedanta, Ramanuja's Vishishtadvaita Vedanta, and Madhvacharya's Dvaita Vedanta. Two 12th-century influential treatises on bhakti were Sandilya Bhakti Sutra—a treatise resonating with Nirguna-bhakti, and Narada Bhakti Sutra—a treatise that leans towards Saguna-bhakti.Jessica Frazier and Gavin Flood (2011), The Continuum Companion to Hindu Studies, Bloomsbury Academic, , pages 113–115 Nirguna and Saguna Brahman concepts of the Bhakti movement has been a baffling one to scholars, particularly the Nirguni tradition because it offers, states David Lorenzen, "heart-felt devotion to a God without attributes, without even any definable personality". Yet given the "mountains of Nirguni bhakti literature", adds Lorenzen, bhakti for Nirguna Brahman has been a part of the reality of the Hindu tradition along with the bhakti for Saguna Brahman.
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A wide variety of thrusting knives have been described as daggers, including knives that feature only a single cutting edge, such as the European rondel dagger or the Afghan pesh-kabz, or, in some instances, no cutting edge at all, such as the stiletto of the Renaissance. However, in the last hundred years or so, in most contexts, a dagger has certain definable characteristics, including a short blade with a sharply tapered point, a central spine or fuller, and usually two cutting edges sharpened the full length of the blade, or nearly so.Emerson, Robert L., Legal Medicine and Toxicology, New York: D. Appleton & Co. (1909), p. 80Cassidy, William L., The Complete Book Of Knife Fighting, , (1997), pp. 9–18, 27–36Draper, Frank W., A Text-book of Legal Medicine, Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders & Co. (1905), pp. 341–343Gross, Hans, Criminal Investigation: A Practical Textbook for Magistrates, Police Officers and Lawyers, London: Sweet & Maxwell (1949), p.
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A residuated Boolean algebra is an algebraic structure (L, ∧, ∨, ¬, 0, 1, •, I, \, /) such that : (i) (L, ∧, ∨, •, I, \, /) is a residuated lattice, and :(ii) (L, ∧, ∨, ¬, 0, 1) is a Boolean algebra. An equivalent signature better suited to the relation algebra application is (L, ∧, ∨, ¬, 0, 1, •, I, ▷, ◁) where the unary operations x\ and x▷ are intertranslatable in the manner of De Morgan's laws via :x\y = ¬(x▷¬y), x▷y = ¬(x\¬y), and dually /y and ◁y as : x/y = ¬(¬x◁y), x◁y = ¬(¬x/y), with the residuation axioms in the residuated lattice article reorganized accordingly (replacing z by ¬z) to read :(x▷z)∧y = 0 ⇔ (x•y)∧z = 0 ⇔ (z◁y)∧x = 0 This De Morgan dual reformulation is motivated and discussed in more detail in the section below on conjugacy. Since residuated lattices and Boolean algebras are each definable with finitely many equations, so are residuated Boolean algebras, whence they form a finitely axiomatizable variety.
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In the early 20th century, Max Weber argued in The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism that Puritan beliefs in predestination resulted in a Protestant work ethic that created capitalism. Puritan authors such as John Milton, John Bunyan, Anne Bradstreet and Edward Taylor continue to be read and studied as important figures within English and American literature. A debate continues on the definition of "Puritanism". English historian Patrick Collinson argues that "There is little point in constructing elaborate statements defining what, in ontological terms, puritanism was and what it was not, when it was not a thing definable in itself but only one half of a stressful relationship." cites and quotes Puritanism "was only the mirror image of anti-puritanism and to a considerable extent its invention: a stigma, with great power to distract and distort historical memory." cites and quotes Patrick Collinson, "Fundamental Objections", Times Literary Supplement (17–23 February 1989), p. 156.
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A brass, spherical Helmholtz resonator based on his original design, circa 1890–1900 The latter 19th century saw the development of modern music psychology alongside the emergence of a general empirical psychology, one which passed through similar stages of development. The first was structuralist psychology, led by Wilhelm Wundt, which sought to break down experience into its smallest definable parts. This expanded upon previous centuries of acoustic study, and included Helmholtz developing the resonator to isolate and understand pure and complex tones and their perception, the philosopher Carl Stumpf using church organs and his own musical experience to explore timbre and absolute pitch, and Wundt himself associating the experience of rhythm with kinesthetic tension and relaxation. As structuralism gave way to Gestalt psychology and behaviorism at the turn of the century, music psychology moved beyond the study of isolated tones and elements to the perception of their inter-relationships and human reactions to them, though work languished behind that of visual perception.
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China is home to many of the world's tallest religious statues, including the tallest of all, the Spring Temple Buddha in Henan. Clear data on religious affiliation in China is difficult to gather due to varying definitions of "religion" and the unorganized, diffusive nature of Chinese religious traditions. Scholars note that in China there is no clear boundary between three teachings religions and local folk religious practice. A 2015 poll conducted by Gallup International found that 61% of Chinese people self-identified as "convinced atheist", though it is worthwhile to note that Chinese religions or some of their strands are definable as non- theistic and humanistic religions, since they do not believe that divine creativity is completely transcendent, but it is inherent in the world and in particular in the human being. According to a 2014 study, approximately 74% are either non-religious or practise Chinese folk belief, 16% are Buddhists, 2% are Christians, 1% are Muslims, and 8% adhere to other religions including Taoists and folk salvationism.
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See general set theory for more details. Q is fascinating because it is a finitely axiomatized first-order theory that is considerably weaker than Peano arithmetic (PA), and whose axioms contain only one existential quantifier, yet like PA is incomplete and incompletable in the sense of Gödel's incompleteness theorems, and essentially undecidable. Robinson (1950) derived the Q axioms (1)–(7) above by noting just what PA axioms are required to prove (Mendelson 1997: Th. 3.24) that every computable function is representable in PA. The only use this proof makes of the PA axiom schema of induction is to prove a statement that is axiom (3) above, and so, all computable functions are representable in Q (Mendelson 1997: Th. 3.33, Rautenberg 2010: 246). The conclusion of Gödel's second incompleteness theorem also holds for Q: no consistent recursively axiomatized extension of Q can prove its own consistency, even if we additionally restrict Gödel numbers of proofs to a definable cut (Bezboruah and Shepherdson 1976; Pudlák 1985; Hájek & Pudlák 1993:387).
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The news system has been overhauled so managers can now deal with many club matters directly from their inbox. In addition, news is now colour-coded, based on category, and contains more detail – for example, scout reports now appear as a single news item with a top-line report on all players scouted and the facility to short-list or make an offer for each of these players. For the first time in the series, star players will have a testimonial having been at the club for a certain period of time or when they announce their retirement. The match engine features extensive improvements, including enhanced AI, improved lighting and player animation, individual player character and kit models, more realistic player reaction to on-field incidents and a range of optimisations. Creation of tactics, selection and implementation with player roles and team strategies, definable roles for players for multiple positions, new player roles and instructions and improvements to rival managers’ AI have been overhauled so that they adapt their tactics more readily over time.
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And no matter how many e-mails his remaining "friends" send out, vindication in the eyes of the voters will be even tougher.Stephanie Grace, Rehab a tall order for Jefferson, Times-Picayune, March 19, 2009, Saint Tammany Edition, p. B7 (accessed March 19, 2009). On April 12, 2009, Times- Picayune columnist James Gill cited the emergence of a group styling itself "Friends of Congressman William J. Jefferson" and opined that the group should change its name to "Friends of ex-Congressman William J. Jefferson"; Gill, reporting Jefferson's argument that 14 of the 16 felony counts against him should be thrown out as not statutorily definable as bribery, concluded that ::Beating 14 counts would be a great coup for any defendant, but the joy must be somewhat diminished for one who is facing 16.James Gill, "Jefferson's friends an optimistic bunch", Times-Picayune, April 12, 2009, Saint Tammany Edition, p. B5. Gill had taken note that on May 14, 2009 the "Friends" planned to stage a "Celebration of Service" for Jefferson, with Jefferson's trial to begin 2 weeks later.
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A Bézier curve is also a polynomial curve definable using a recursion from lower degree curves of the same class and encoded in terms of control points, but a key difference is that all terms in the recursion for a Bézier curve segment have the same domain of definition (usually [0,1]) whereas the supports of the two terms in the B-spline recursion are different (the outermost subintervals are not common). This means a Bézier curve of degree n given by m \gg n control points consists of about m/n mostly independent segments, whereas the B-spline with the same parameters smoothly transitions from subinterval to subinterval. To get something comparable from a Bézier curve, one would need to impose a smoothness condition on transitions between segments, resulting in some manner of Bézier spline (for which many control points would be determined by the smoothness requirement). A piecewise/composite Bézier curve is a series of Bézier curves joined with at least C0 continuity (the last point of one curve coincides with the starting point of the next curve).
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They argue that culture is not one definable thing based on one race or religion, but rather the result of multiple factors that change as the world changes. Historically, support for modern multiculturalism stems from the changes in Western societies after World War II, in what Susanne Wessendorf calls the "human rights revolution", in which the horrors of institutionalized racism and ethnic cleansing became almost impossible to ignore in the wake of the Holocaust; with the collapse of the European colonial system, as colonized nations in Africa and Asia successfully fought for their independence and pointed out the discriminatory underpinnings of the colonial system; and, in the United States in particular, with the rise of the Civil Rights Movement, which criticized ideals of assimilation that often led to prejudices against those who did not act according to Anglo-American standards and which led to the development of academic ethnic studies programs as a way to counteract the neglect of contributions by racial minorities in classrooms.Susanne Wessendorf, The multiculturalism backlash: European discourses, policies and practices, p. 35; accessed through Google Books, 12 February 2011.
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