Moreover, the meaning of filmed events is entirely open to contestation.
|
|
At bare minimum it feels like an inevitable, dialectal moment of contestation.
|
|
A constant and eternal war, a contestation in all domains, and for what?
|
|
The report left him more vulnerable and open to contestation for his position.
|
|
And the law says if there is contestation, it has to be judged.
|
|
Structure representation to encourage contestation, both between factions and between branches of government.
|
|
This concept obviously did not work, because paradoxically America encourages a politics of contestation.
|
|
" Moreover, "it relies on democratic contestation between interest groups and political parties to foster accountability.
|
|
But the group's bread and butter was always political contestation, whether lighthearted or dead serious.
|
|
On the contrary, this libertarian metaphor necessitates contestation and rejection for the metaphor to work.
|
|
Democracy is never a finished product; it is an ongoing moment of contestation and conflict.
|
|
There has been much contestation between what the archetype should be of the Carefree Black Boy.
|
|
What's worrying is that this is happening so early, that we already have this degree of contestation.
|
|
But the remaking of Milan — and the contestation of it — goes back to a time before the Expo.
|
|
He was writing about how the technological drive for change and radical transformation made everything a field of contestation.
|
|
The power of incumbents, even in democracies, is vast, and extends to changing the rules that make electoral contestation possible.
|
|
Leur contestation n'a tourné ni au nationalisme, ni au populisme, contrairement à ce qui s'observe un peu partout en Europe.
|
|
Minaj cuts through the noise because she's been the biggest voice in female MCing (despite contestation) for quite some time now.
|
|
Civil war, writes David Armitage, a historian at Harvard University, is "an essentially contested concept about the essential elements of contestation".
|
|
They are not luxuries, but critical to creating alternatives, making space for peaceful contestation, promoting inclusion and protecting youth from radicalization.
|
|
"For a lot of folks in the Pentagon, this over-stepped that line between legal contestation and a military threat," he said.
|
|
Second, the Republican Party places such a high value on ideological orthodoxy that it becomes a focal point of contestation for the nomination.
|
|
The Founders understood that by enshrining the right to free speech in our democracy, they also assured open political contestation in our elections.
|
|
"The case for taking so many policy decisions out of democratic contestation may be perfectly sound," Mounk writes, in his typically sober way.
|
|
As a new year approaches, stoicism will prevail, decency will prevail, contestation will prevail, over the Great Leader's plundering of truth and thought.
|
|
Questions of identity and representation always matter in politics, and contestation around the true meaning of politicians' identity is a perennial element of political debate.
|
|
Many policy issues fall outside the scope of public deliberation and contestation, which leaves parties with few ways to demonstrate responsiveness in the form of policy.
|
|
It's a party, in other words, that was clearly in need of some dialogue, debate, and contestation over what went wrong and how to fix it.
|
|
In January 2018, Fox moved the release date back to February 2019, which allowed Deadpool 2 to run without contestation from another Marvel movie at Fox.
|
|
The transfer of power presents an opportunity for the island to go down a different path — one with more room for both political contestation and private enterprise.
|
|
By the mid-2010s, Mr. Erdogan had become so powerful that he broke the old pattern of contestation and negotiation between the bureaucratic oligarchy and elected politicians.
|
|
Afghanistan, where around 14,000 U.S. military personnel are stationed and which is in southern Asia, could become another "arena for U.S.-Iranian contestation," the ICG has warned.
|
|
Its lack of responsiveness to the people gave birth to the contestation; its contempt led to a visceral antipathy toward the leadership and a profound crisis of legitimacy.
|
|
What's more, even highly compromised democracies such as Russia, and now Turkey, maintain a semblance of democratic contestation and electoral process after more than a decade of democratic backsliding.
|
|
We were entering a fascinating, albeit messy, new age of political contestation—of protesters, hackers, whistle-blowers, rioters, and radical challenges to both Republican and Democratic politics as usual.
|
|
Opponents of the government, or of these constitutional amendments, have criticized the proposed changes, but so far no formal, legal contestation and no visibly forceful "no" campaign are underway.
|
|
So for now, cities have the green light to legislate for higher wages, even as the national debate over wage policy becomes a point of contestation in the presidential campaign.
|
|
"We are pressing ahead with revocation of the concession ... We have filed our contestation with Autostrade and their reply will arrive in days and then we will decide," he said.
|
|
What is happening is a sign of the times: artists and associated workers are bringing their struggles together with an eye to joining in a cross-sectoral form of contestation.
|
|
They argue that the subtlety, flexibility, informality, and idiosyncrasy of scholarly mentorship cannot coexist with the bureaucracy and contestation of a union workplace, from wages-and-hours agreements to collective bargaining.
|
|
Civil society organizations were also allowed some space for contestation, but the state used repression, co-optation and regulation to ensure they remained fragmented and too weak to challenge the government.
|
|
More likely, Americans will have to learn to live with partisan media, which is the norm in most democracies, just as conflict and contestation are democratic norms (consensus politics deprives voters of meaningful choices).
|
|
In some cases, instead of keeping that place empty and formal, and hence subject to contestation, a society may determine its content by defining what groups, behaviors or beliefs are acceptable occupants of it.
|
|
But it was, in fact, a time of vigorous partisan contestation with ferocious debates about voting rights, monetary policy, and of course the tariffs that really were the leading issue in the 1888 presidential race.
|
|
He went on to win the governorship this week, but MORENA's internal clashes show that the party is not necessarily united and that for now much political contestation in Mexico will occur within that party.
|
|
The festival curator, Katia Arfara, explains the degree to which archaeology has played a role in the birth of a political consciousness in a modern nation, and therefore, is the subject of a continued contestation.
|
|
"The process of land acquisition in India has been the source of increasing political and legal contestation for almost 200 years," Namita Wahi, director of the Land Rights Initiative, said at the report's release on Thursday.
|
|
One thing it means is that we lose sight of one of the richest aspects of the Enlightenment: the vigorous contestation of ideas, which in turn illuminated the very challenges and contradictions that Enlightenment thinkers were so passionate about solving.
|
|
These second-wave artists are addressing issues beyond bureaucracy, the art market, and conflict of interests, and working within a generalized social justice framework, demanding cultural representation, political recognition, and historical accountability by collectively activating museums as sites of contestation.
|
|
And from the perspective of democracy, an increased sense of political agency on the part of ordinary citizens can be seen as attractive, even if the substance of some of their commitments should remain subject to serious criticism and contestation.
|
|
But easy as it now is to ding Dubuffet for exoticism, it's worth remembering how committed the Frenchman was to dismantling hierarchies of artistic merit — and how his gaze on Arab societies formed part of a larger contestation of European pre-eminence.
|
|
Lambacher nourishes the hope, as Arendt did, that a participatory dialogue allowing for the expression of pluralistic points of view—which would inevitably become, in Arendt's phrase, a site of agonistic contestation—might produce broad agreement on how an ecologically balanced society could function.
|
|
Andrew Cuomo of New York and Senator Dianne Feinstein of California face intraparty challengers from the left, moderate Senate Democrats facing re-election in red states have all either won their primaries or appear on the way to renomination without fear of serious contestation.
|
|
Pundits and politicians alike declaim that we're locked in a "new Cold War" with China, that we're in the throes of a "cyber arms race" with the rest of the world, and that Russia's election interference is, of course, today's 1960s contestation over political ideology.
|
|
RISK OF CONTESTED RESULT "Some investors might still want to wait for the results of the election to gauge risks, such as a possible contestation of the result, which the postponing arguably now has given more grounds for," said Cobus de Hart, a senior economist at South Africa's NKC African Economics.
|
|
Ni les jeunes blogueurs qui étaient à la pointe de la contestation durant les printemps arabes: Ils sont maintenant freinés, voire paralysés, par la pression ou la censure (dans toute la région), la surveillance policière (en Algérie, au Maroc et en Arabie saoudite), la prison (en Egypte) ou la mort (en Syrie).
|
|
Mais si, par ailleurs, il offrait à la société civile une nouvelle et réelle écoute — encourageant des citoyens acteurs à s'exprimer en leur montrant que la mobilisation et une contestation constructive sont payantes — il pourrait maintenir un équilibre avec une Assemblée plutôt à droite, tout en continuant d'incarner le dépassement du clivage gauche-droite.
|
|
Analysts say the delay could lead to a contested result, creating uncertainty, "Some investors might still want to wait for the results of the election to gauge risks, such as a possible contestation of the result, which the postponing arguably now has given more grounds for," said Cobus de Hart, senior economist at South Africa's NKC African Economics.
|
|
How would that affect the industry, how would that affect us as a society now In the intro to your book, you reference the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles' April O'Neil, asking if the franchise would've been less successful if April were black (whether her character was whitewashed is a point of contestation explored in this visual history of the comic).
|
|
That Salcedo would decide to make yet another intervention in Colombia's most historically significant square — long a site of political contestation and home to the city's first public monument, a statue of Simon Bolívar — is not surprising, given not only her status but her decades-long devotion to the topics of remembrance, mourning, and memorialization in the context of Colombia's war.
|
|
The Case Against Free Speech is a sometimes flawed but necessary book, one that I hope people will read and argue with, and one that I hope spawns both some more rigorous histories of political conceptions of speech as well as some more pointed polemics aiming at the sacrosanctity of the First Amendment, which could stand to be a site of contestation rather than blindly awed reverence.
|
|
In a pointed critique of current developments in American politics, "Trumpism and American Democracy: History, Comparison, and the Predicament of Liberal Democracy in the United States," Robert C. Lieberman and Suzanne Mettler, political scientists at Johns Hopkins and Cornell, working with three other political scientists, write: Trumpism has legitimized and ushered back into the foreground of American politics contestation over core questions of civic membership and status: who is included in the political community and what are their participatory rights?
|
|
" (Intransitive here means that the artwork exists only in its own universe, not to deliberately produce some result in the world.) Once the artwork has entered the world, then the only way for us to really understand all its manifold meanings is to see that it "consists of multiple writings, issuing from several cultures and entering into dialogue with each other, into parody, into contestation; but there is one place where this multiplicity is collected, united, and this place is not the author ... but the reader.
|
|
Han, Enze. Contestation and Adaptation: The Politics of National Identity in China.
|
|
The contestation of the Brecht-model, with respect to didactical aspects has developed too far.
|
|
'Triumph, Deficit or Contestation? Deepening the 'Deepening Democracy' Debate' Institute of Development Studies (IDS) Working Paper 264 July 2006.
|
|
In Domination and Contestation: Muslim Bumiputera Politics in Sarawak. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. p. 120-124, 127, 128. . Google Book Search.
|
|
In Domination and Contestation: Muslim Bumiputera Politics in Sarawak. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. p. 109-110. . Google Book Search. Retrieved 23 June 2014.
|
|
Le présent traité remplacera les conventions des 15 mars, 31 août > et 23 novembre 1874. > En cas de contestation le texte français fera seul foi.
|
|
Power and Contestation: India Since 1989. London [etc.]: Zed Books, 2007. p. 120 MKSS emerged from the Jayaprakash Narayan-led anti-Emergency struggles in Bihar.
|
|
Taib slowly replaced Rahman's loyalists with his own men. This has resulted in Rahman's displeasure over Taib.Syam, M.F (2012). In Domination and Contestation: Muslim Bumiputera Politics in Sarawak.
|
|
This act was also in violation of Article 12 of the 1868 Fort Laramie Treaty and consequently became a central point of contestation for land rights over the Black Hills.
|
|
However, such use of this piece of archeological evidence rests upon supposing proportions between the rudder and the length of the ship, which have also been the object of intense contestation.
|
|
The foundations of stable authoritarian rule are that the authoritarian prevents contestation from the masses and other elites. The authoritarian regime may use co-optation or repression (or carrots and sticks) to prevent revolts.
|
|
This contestation took a political and identity turn since April 2017, when the Moroccan government initially accused the Riffian movement of separatism and being secretly steered from abroad, while Zefzafi denied all these accusations.
|
|
It was initially prohibited in mass media, but then allowed during the early 1950s. Nevertheless, the publishing of written works in Catalan continued.Marc Howard Ross, Cultural Contestation in Ethnic Conflict, page 139. Cambridge University Press, 2007.
|
|
197 NTUI proclaims itself as independent from political parties.LO-TCO Biståndsnämnd: Indien Its core constituent is the National Centre for Labour, a trade union of informal sector workers.Menon, Nivedita/Nigam, Aditya. Power and contestation : India since 1989.
|
|
Therefore, Taib decided to allow SNAP and PBDS to compete against each other by under their respective party symbols.Hazis, FS (2012). In Domination and Contestation: Muslim Bumiputera Politics in Sarawak. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. p. 290. .
|
|
Liberal Democratic Party and People's Movement Party, members of the opposition, submitted to the Constitutional Court of Romania a contestation against the government investiture, arguing that the government can't be invested without a political program. Even the President has repeatedly stated that he won't invest the government if it won't adopt as soon as a new political program. The Ponta Government announced the engagement of liability in Parliament for a new program, and therefore the Constitutional Court found, with 8 votes for and 1 against, that the contestation is redundant.
|
|
Recent empirical research, inspired by the work of Bourdieu, is developing a more pluralistic approach by focusing on multiple competing logics and contestation of meaning.(Lounsbury, 2007; Marquis & Lounsbury, 2007; Schneiberg, 2007) By focusing on how some fields are composed of multiple logics, and thus, multiple forms of institutionally-based rationality, institutional analysts can provide new insight into practice variation and the dynamics of practice.(see Lounsbury, 2001; Lounsbury & Crumley, 2007) Multiple logics can create diversity in practice by enabling variety in cognitive orientation and contestation over which practices are appropriate.
|
|
Connolly's critical challenges to John Rawls's theory of justice and Jürgen Habermas's theory on deliberative democracy have spawned a host of new literature in this area. His work Identity\Difference (1991) contains an exhaustive look at positive possibilities via democratic contestation.
|
|
Korean shop signs in Wangjing, Beijing Beijing has a population of Koreans. According to 2006 estimates there about 170,000 Joseonjok (ethnic Koreans who are Chinese citizens) in Beijing and Tianjin combined.Han, Enze. Contestation and Adaptation: The Politics of National Identity in China.
|
|
Mikhail Romm was a director of that film. When Shveitser lost his job after his first movie Glorious Path which was filming in the contestation with a cosmopolitism period, he could be accepted to work at Sverdlovsk Film Studios only with Mikhail Romm's help.
|
|
Robert Dahl's two dimensions for evaluating democracies/polarchies In his 1971 paper Polyarchy: Participation and Opposition, Robert Dahl provided a basic framework to evaluate democracies or polyarchies (nearly/almost full democracies) based on their participation inequality. He argued that there are two dimensions: public contestation – the various rights and procedures guaranteed to citizens – and inclusiveness – how accessible these rights are to all citizens. More fully, public contestation describes the necessary functions for a liberal democracy: a competitive political atmosphere, ability to run for office, right to vote, right to assembly, etc. Inclusiveness describes what portion of the population is able to enjoy these rights and procedures.
|
|
The CDU/CSU had also reached a majority in the Federal Convention electing the President of Germany, and in 1979 the party nominated Carstens, though in contestation due to his Nazi past, as candidate, whereafter incumbent President Walter Scheel (FDP) chose to renounce a second term.
|
|
"Paradoxes of Marian Apparitional Contestation", Moved by Mary: The Power of Pilgrimage in the Modern World, Anna-Karina Hermkens, Willy Jansen, Catrien Notermans, eds., Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2009, p. 183 et seq After the promulgation of the dogma of the Assumption in 1950, the messages changed.
|
|
In 1651 an admiring friend (R. C.) issued The Chast and Lost Lovers Lively shadowed in the persona of Arcadius and Sepha .... To this is added the Contestation betwixt Bacchus and Diana, and certain Sonnets of the Author to Avrora. Digested into three Poems by Will. Bosworth, Gent.
|
|
High-profile examples of this have been WhatsApp's implementation of full end-to-end encryption in its messenger service,WhatsApp. 2016. end-to-end encryption. WhatsApp.com. Retrieved 25 May 2017. and Apple's contestation of a law enforcement warrant to unlock an iPhone used by the perpetrators of a terror attack.
|
|
Mothers and Daughters: The Creation and Contestation of Beauty and Femininity. Vanderbilt University .ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. 325. Retrieved from /record=b1261238~S0. Families on TLC’s television series Toddlers & Tiaras are subject to intense criticism for negatively influencing their children that their physical appearance will score them attention and prizes.
|
|
Gollnisch interviewed by a journalist at 1 May rally in honour of Joan of Arc, Paris. Gollnisch was condemned in January 2007 to a three-month prison sentence on probation and ordered to pay costs of 55,000 Euros (with interest) by the Lyon tribunal correctionnel on a charge of "an offence of verbal contestation of the existence of crimes against humanity,Bruno Gollnisch condamné pour ses propos sur l'Holocauste , Reuters cable published by L'Express on January 18, 2007 – URL accessed on January 18, 2007 délit de contestation de l'existence de crime contre l'humanité par paroles " which is punished in France by virtue of the 1990 Gayssot Act. Gollnisch had committed the verbal contestation on 11 October 2004, by declaring: :I do not question the existence of concentration camps but historians could discuss the number of deaths. As to the existence of gas chambers, it is up to historians to speak their minds ("de se déterminer").NEGATIONNISME: Lyon III demande la suspension de Bruno Gollnisch, Le Nouvel Observateur, 13 October 2004 In reaction to a report denouncing the complacent attitude of the University Lyon III with respect to the far right, Gollnisch reiterated his declarations shortly after its publication.
|
|
After a series of negotiations, Parti Bumiputera Sarawak was formed on 30 March 1968. On the following day after the merger, Abang Ikhwan Zaini was elected as the president of Parti Bumiputera, Tuanku Haji Bujang as vice- president, and Taib Mahmud as the secretary-general of the party.Syam, M.F (2012). In Domination and Contestation: Muslim Bumiputera Politics in Sarawak.
|
|
Hutchinson argues that the role of contestation in nation-formation has been neglected. Such conflicts serve to "fill out" national identities and they give rise to alternative cultural and political visions that offer options to populations at times of crisis. This study has provoked praise and controversy.Eric Kaufmann review in British Journal of Sociology, 57 (2) 2006, pp. 319–20.
|
|
What was Port Adelaide's first win over Norwood in its 10th attempt would also be the point of much contestation. Norwood and the SAFA would strip the game of premiership points for a rematch later in the year. This was due to an umpire disallowing a Norwood goal kicked by Watson due to believing it was touched by Port Adelaide player Gliddon.
|
|
For example, areas within the mountainous western highlands of Guatemala are more susceptible to catastrophic landslides and crippling seasonal water shortages due to loss of forest resources. In contrast, cities such as Totonicapán that have preserved forests through strong social institutions have greater local economic stability and overall greater human well- being.Conz, B.W. 2004. Continuity and Contestation: Conservation Landscapes in Totonicapán, Guatemala.
|
|
Within Le Nouvel Observateur, he supported the managers in the name of the need for a responsible management, the loneliness of columnists, and individual responsibility. But outside he went to serve the most radical elements of the contestation leading him to leave his tenure as philosophy professor in Buffon highschool. He won the Prix Médicis for Le Tiers des étioles in 1972.
|
|
Since the independence of Bangladesh, eleven presidential elections have been held, of which three were direct elections. After independence in 1974, Speaker of the Assembly, Mohammad Mohammadullah became the first President of Bangladesh without any contestation through an election. He was elected through the first presidential election before presidential government system was introduced. The election was held on 24 January 1974.
|
|
However, Connolly is cautious on speculating whether this imagination could come true, because he claims the value of such speculation is overrated. Also, his critical challenges to John Rawls's theory of justice and Jürgen Habermas's theory on deliberative democracy have spawned a host of new literature in this area. His work Identity\Difference contains an exhaustive look at positive possibilities via democratic contestation.
|
|
Agonism is not simply the undifferentiated celebration of antagonism: Bonnie Honig, an advocate of agonism, writes: "to affirm the perpetuity of the contest is not to celebrate a world without points of stabilisation; it is to affirm the reality of perpetual contest, even within an ordered setting, and to identify the affirmative dimension of contestation". Political Theory and the Displacement of Politics, p. 15 In her book Political Theory and the Displacement of Politics (Cornell, 1993, awarded the 1994 Foundations of Political Thought Book Prize for best first book in political theory), she develops this notion through critiques of consensual conceptions of democracy. Arguing that every political settlement engenders remainders to which it cannot fully do justice, she draws on Nietzsche and Arendt, among others, to bring out the emancipatory potential of political contestation and of the disruption of settled practices.
|
|
Honig is most well known in political theory for her advocacy of a contestatory conception of democratic politics, also known as agonism. In her book Political Theory and the Displacement of Politics (Cornell, 1993, awarded the 1994 Foundations of Political Thought Book Prize for best first book in political theoryAmerican Political Science Association), she develops this notion through critiques of consensual conceptions of democracy. Arguing that every political settlement engenders remainders to which it cannot fully do justice, she draws on Nietzsche and Arendt, among others, to bring out the emancipatory potential of political contestation and of the disruption of settled practices. Recognizing, on the other hand, that politics involves the imposition of order and stability, she argues that politics can neither be reduced to consensus, nor to pure contestation, but that these are both essential aspects of politics.
|
|
Her second book, Democracy and the Foreigner (Princeton University Press, 2001), aims to illuminate the underestimated role of foreignness in democratic politics, particularly in the (re)founding of democratic communities. In doing so, she aims to shift the question from how to deal with foreigners to “What problems does foreignness solve for us?” This strategy of subverting binary oppositions (such as contestation vs. consensus, foreignness vs.
|
|
Sticker for Edmund Muskie's Senate runMuskie's first contestation for the Senate of the United States was in 1958. He ran in the 1958 elections against incumbent Republican Senator Frederick G. Payne. Muskie won the election with 60% of the vote against Payne's 39%. He was one of the 12 Democrats who overtook Republican incumbents and established the party as the party-of-house during the election cycle.
|
|
It is a medium of rebellious contestation rising from the underground. Hispanic reggae is related to rap, sharing characteristics that can be found not only in the social conditions in which they developed in the region but also in the characteristics of social sectors and classes that welcome them.Davis, S. F. (2009). Reggae in cuba and the hispanic caribbean: Fluctuations and representations of identities.
|
|
Barker edited the book Sovereignty Matters: Locations of Contestation and Possibility in Indigenous Struggles for Self-Determination, which was published in 2005 by Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. This book is a collection of essays by indigenous people from the Americas and the Pacific Islands. This book discusses sovereignty as political, cultural, and intellectual- expanding beyond just the relationship between indigenous groups and their colonized states.
|
|
I.R.A. Arsad (2018) "Contestation of aristocratic and non-aristocratic politics in the political dynamic in North Maluku", in Rukminto Adi & Rochman Achwan (eds) Competition and Cooperation in Social and Political Sciences. Leiden: CRC press. Mudaffar came back to Ternate in 1966 and was active in a movement to restore the adat (body of traditions) of the old sultanate. His followers regarded him as his father's heir.
|
|
28 One of Cuvier's pupils, Friedrich Tiedemann, was one of the first to make a scientific contestation of racism. He argued based on craniometric and brain measurements taken by him from Europeans and black people from different parts of the world that the then-common European belief that Negroes have smaller brains, and are thus intellectually inferior, is scientifically unfounded and based merely on the prejudice of travellers and explorers.
|
|
William is arrested and placed in the pillory, but is defended from the hostile crowd by his friends. Just as the mob reaches its frenzy, Prince Edward reveals himself. He acknowledges William's honor and an ability to inspire his friends' dedication that is in the best traditions of knighthood. Edward then announces that William is in fact, "beyond contestation", descended from an ancient noble family, and knights him "Sir William".
|
|
The Palace and seat of government were in the town of Abomey. Early historiography of the King of Dahomey presented them as absolute rulers who formally owned all property and people of the kingdom. However, recent histories have emphasized that there was significant political contestation limiting the power of the king and that there was a female ruler of Dahomey, Hangbe, who was largely written out of early histories.
|
|
Silva was named in Vicente del Bosque's 23-man squad list for Spain's contestation of the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup, held in Brazil. On 20 June 2013, he scored two goals and assisted one for David Villa in Spain's 10–0 group stage demolition of Tahiti at the Maracanã. Spain would go on to reach the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup Final, where they were soundly beaten 3–0 by hosts Brazil.
|
|
Involved in some unclear contestation of French politics, he was banned by Minister Baron de Vergennes and had to move in the Prince-Bishopric of Liège in 1781 under the name "Pierre Lebrun",Daniel Droixhe, Livres et lumières au pays de Liège: 1730-1830, Desoer Éditions, 1980, 401 pages, p. 276. he became a foreman at the printing shop of Jean-Jacques Tutot, where he soon became editor.
|
|
The Islamic terminology that is sometimes inculcated into Somali society to defer such sentiments include ahlul-hawa, which literally means people of base desires, and usually implies a conceited combination of being both hedonistic and nihilistic.Roald, Anne Sofie. "Female Islamic Interpretations on the Air: Fatwas and Religious Guidance by Women Scholars on Arab Satellite Channels." Media and Political Contestation in the Contemporary Arab World. Palgrave Macmillan, New York, 2016. 211-231.
|
|
An inventor's notebook is used by inventors, scientists and engineers to record their ideas, invention process, experimental tests and results and observations. It is not a legal document but is valuable, if properly organized and maintained, since it can help establish dates of conception and reduction to practice. It may be considered as grey literature. The information can improve the outcome of a patent or a patent contestation.
|
|
Following the third wave of democratization in the 1980s, the institutionalization of electoral competition in Latin America opened up the possibility for the left to ascend to power. For much of the region's history, formal electoral contestation excluded leftist movements, first through limited suffrage and later through military intervention and repression during the second half of the 20th century.Levitsky, Steven; Roberts, Kenneth. "The Resurgence of the Latin American Left" (PDF).
|
|
Connolly is one of the founders of this subfield of thought in political theory. He promotes the possibility of an "agonistic democracy", where he finds positive ways to engage certain aspects of political conflict. Connolly proposes a positive ethos of engagement, which could be used to debate political differences. Agonism is based on contestation, but in a political space where the discourse is one of respect, rather than violence.
|
|
To Dahl, the question is not whether a country is a democracy or not. The question is to what extent a country is experiencing democratization at a national level. Dahl measures this democratization in terms of the country's endorsement and reception of public contestation. And polyarchy, or "rule of the many people," is the only existing form of democratizeable government; that is, it is within polyarchies that democratization can flourish.
|
|
Few months after Enderlin's report, a small group of people in France (Gérard Huber, Philippe Karsenty, Luc Rosenzweig) launched a controversy with legal suits against France 2, and various accusations, from the contestation of the origin the bullets that killed young al-Durrah to the allegation of a "staging" of the whole scene.Hervé Deguine, Charles Enderlin. Il gagne la guerre du soupçon , Médias (11), décembre 2006, online version.
|
|
Market exchanges contain a history of struggle and contestation that produced actors predisposed to exchange under certain sets of rules. Therefore, for Challon, market transactions can never be disembedded from social and geographic relations and there is no sense to talking of degrees of embeddedness and disembeddeness.Callon, 1998; Mitchell, 2002, p. 291, An emerging theme is the interrelationship, inter-penetrability and variations of concepts of persons, commodities and modes of exchange under particular market formations.
|
|
The law mandated that if a man was survived by unmarried daughters, the eldest girl would inherit his estate, while the remaining sisters would divide his movable property. His married daughters would receive nothing, however, since they would have received dowries at the time they married. In 1730 Anna Ivanova revoked the Law of Single Inheritance, as it had been a major point of contestation among the nobility since Peter first announced it in 1714.
|
|
Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, p. 264 The behaviour of the military in Maluku was similarly biased. Although at first a newly created military unit, the Joint Battalion, took action against Laskar Jihad in Maluku, it was replaced in mid-2001 by Kopassus, which was more sympathetic towards the militia.Robert W. Hefner (2005), Muslim Democrats and Islamist Violence in Post-Soeharto Indonesia, in: Robert W. Hefner (ed.), Remaking Muslim Politics: Pluralism, Contestation, Democratization.
|
|
Religious Dimensions of Confucianism, p.21 His political theory was appropriated by the Tokugawa Bakufu, as a means to legitimate the suppression of political contestation. The institutions that Ansai had created (the Kimon school and Suika Shinto) did not last for very long (in their original forms, as Ansai had intended). However, the power of Ansai's ideas and the influence he exerted on a large number of his students have had vast repercussions.
|
|
Theorists believe that having a setback in government policies would be seen as catastrophic to the overall progress of women in government. Amanda Gouws says that "The instability of democratic or nominally democratic regimes makes women's political gains very vulnerable because these gains can be easily rolled back when regimes change. The failure to make the private sphere part of political contestation diminishes the power of formal democratic rights and limits solutions to gender inequality".
|
|
Inhabitants of Rangabali Bangladesh is one of six countries of the world where the number of men exceeds the number of women. Eighty-eight percent of the population adheres to Islam. Veiling remains a domain of contestation in regards to whether it serves as a vehicle of empowerment or discrimination. While seen in Western discourse as restrictive of women's rights, some claim that burkas allow for better freedom of movement in Bangladesh.
|
|
Furthermore, the land law states that the Cambodian government should be in charge of the distribution of land. Article 30 of the law stated that land continuously occupied without contestation for five years before 2001 could be claimed for documented private ownership. The land law included the area surrounding Boeung Kak Lake. According to Article 15 of the Cambodian land law, water bodies, lakes and rivers such as Boeung Kak are all considered state property.
|
|
Communization is a contemporary communist theory in which we find is a "mixing-up of insurrectionist anarchism, the communist ultra- left, post-autonomists, anti-political currents, groups like the Invisible Committee, as well as more explicitly 'communizing' currents, such as Théorie Communiste and Endnotes. Obviously at the heart of the word is communism and, as the shift to communization suggests, communism as a particular activity and process".Benjamin Noys (ed). Communization and its Discontents: Contestation, Critique, and Contemporary Struggles.
|
|
The beautiful sandstone font, donated by one of William's sons, the Reverend Arthur Hibbit BA (Cambridge) (1818–1893), the vicar of St. Mary's, is still in use for baptisms. Ownership of the Hall for the years between 1867 and 1875 was shrouded in mystery and intrigue with contestation of wills and estate claims abounding. The hall was owned by Charles William Bartholomew, a civil engineer, from 1876 to 1919. In 1903, Bartholemew constructed a -gauge ridable Blakesley Miniature Railway.
|
|
Agonism is based on contestation, but in a political space where the discourse is one of respect, rather than violence. Unlike toleration, agonistic respect actively engages adversaries in political contests over meaning and power. Unlike antagonism, it shows respect by admitting the ultimately contestability of even one’s own deepest held commitments. Agonism does not name a model of democracy; it is a practice of democratic engagement that destabilizes appeals to authoritative identities and fixed universal principles.
|
|
In 2002–2005 Borstlap campaigned, together with two colleagues, for a reform of the national subsidy system for new music. A court case in 2012 against the national funding body for new music, which Borstlap won, ended a period of public contestation. Psyche received a successful performance by the Orchestre National de Montpellier in 2008. Since then, interest in Germany and Austria has grown, resulting among other things in a commission by the Kammersymphonie Berlin for a classical symphony.
|
|
Participation inequality is usually represented along the dimension of inclusiveness. So, if a nation were to allow only short people to vote, this political system would have a certain level of public contestation – the right to vote being available – and a certain dimension of inclusiveness – only short people being able to enjoy this right. This system of evaluating democracies enables comparisons of political regimes based on participation inequality by comparing inclusiveness between equally publicly contestable political systems.
|
|
Surekha is a contemporary Indian video artist whose works showcase themes including identity and feminism/ecology. She has been a full-time artist since 1996 and her video works have been shown at galleries outside India since 2001. Her works are known for the mix of video and physical presence, highlighting inherent experiences. Surekha has been exploring the possibilities of the video form, negotiating the public and private, locating the body as a site of contestation and appropriation.
|
|
Male shamans use to play the role of the Goddess and the divinization of Pendrani Goddess is established. The inference of the Pendrani cult is a contestation of male predominance over the women and the whole ritual system adopted in the cult, celebrated by the males playing the role of female goddess signifies the males subjugation to the woman Goddess, thereby compensating the injustice inflicted on Goddess Pendrani when she was an ordinary woman; before her deification.
|
|
Traditionally it is sung with the hand raised in a clenched fist salute. "The Internationale" is sung not only by communists but also (in many countries) by socialists or social democrats. The Chinese version was also a rallying song of the students and workers at the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989. There is not so much a protest song trend in France, but rather of a permanent background of criticism and contestation, and individuals who personify it.
|
|
Yazur (, ) was a Palestinian Arab town located east of Jaffa. Mentioned in 7th century BCE Assyrian texts, the village was a site of contestation between Muslims and Crusaders in the 12th-13th centuries. During the Fatimid period in Palestine, a number of important people were born in Yazur. In modern times the town was the birthplace of Ahmed Jibril, the founder and current head of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – General Command (PFLP-GC).
|
|
I.R.A. Arsad (2018) "Contestation of aristocratic and non- aristocratic politics in the political dynamic in North Maluku", in Rukminto Adi & Rochman Achwan (eds) Competition and Cooperation in Social and Political Sciences. Leiden: CRC press. Much later, his remains were moved to Tidore where he was reburied on 11 March 1986 at the Sonyine Salaka (Golden Yard) where the old palace had been situated. A titular Sultan, from another branch of the dynasty, was eventually chosen in 1999.
|
|
His recent book The Latino Threat: Constructing Immigrants, Citizens, and the Nation (Stanford University Press, 2008) examines the role of media spectacles in helping shape how Latinos are constructed as a threat to the nation and for undermining claims of citizenship. Specific sites of contestation over citizenship and belonging are also examined, such as organ transplants for immigrants, the Minuteman Project's spectacle of surveillance along the Arizona-Mexico border, and the marches for immigrant rights of 2006.
|
|
Rooted in poststructuralism as well as various versions of postcolonial scholarship, critical geopolitical inquiry is, at its core, concerned with the operation, interaction, and contestation of geopolitical discourses. This poststructuralist orientation holds that the realities of global political space do not simply reveal themselves to detached, omniscient observers. Rather, geopolitical knowledges are seen as partial and situated, emergent from particular subject positions. In this context, geopolitical practices result from complex constellations of competing ideas and discourses, which they in turn modify.
|
|
It is currently in a cold conflict with a neighbouring community Zambo, Ghana, to the west. The dispute is over whose land an A Senior High School is sited. Zambo claims that the Senior High School is located on their land, and thus should have been named as Zambo Senior High School but not Eremon Senior High School as it is officially captured. The contestation started in the late 1990s, meanwhile, the school existed as far back as the 1980s.
|
|
2014.0057 Thus, Progressive Confucianism takes on the view that "Confucians must be open to, even as their virtues should seek to moderate, the contestation accompanying the world of 'politicians and lawyers.'" Sor-hoon Tan, Professor of Philosophy at National University of Singapore points out that Confucian ritual (Chinese: 礼) works together with the rule of law and plays a unique role in shaping a harmonious community.Tan, S. (2004). From Cannibalism to Empowerment: An Analects -Inspired Attempt to Balance Community and Liberty.
|
|
Connolly's argument for the "multiplication of factions" follows James Madison's logic in engaging groups, constituencies, and voters at both the micro and macro level. Essentially, he has shifted the theory from a conservative theory of order, to a progressive theory of democratic contestation and engagement. Connolly introduces the distinction between pluralism and pluralization. Pluralism, whether the interest-group pluralism of Dahl or political liberalism's "reasonable" pluralism, is oriented towards existing diversity of groups, values, and identities competing for political representation.
|
|
Communization mainly refers to a contemporary communist theory in which we find is a "mixing-up of insurrectionist anarchism, the communist ultra-left, postautonomists, anti- political currents, groups like the Invisible Committee, as well as more explicitly 'communizing' currents, such as Théorie Communiste and Endnotes. Obviously at the heart of the word is communism and, as the shift to communization suggests, communism as a particular activity and process".Benjamin Noys (ed). Communization and its Discontents: Contestation, Critique, and Contemporary Struggles.
|
|
After direct negotiations in 1998, a concession for Rabat was signed in January 1999 with REDAL, a company consisting of a Portuguese partner (Electrocidade), a Spanish company (Urbaser) and a Moroccan company (Alborada). The concession met with problems from the very beginning. According to a presentation by Moroccan government officials, "the firm was not ready" the four partners were not coordinated, the start-up was slow contractual obligations were not fulfilled leading to tumultuous meetings, contestation of bills and protests.
|
|
Over the course of the last four decades Connolly has helped to remake the theory of pluralism. Connolly challenges older theories of pluralism by arguing for pluralization as a goal rather than as a state of affairs. Connolly's argument for the "multiplication of factions" follows James Madison's logic in engaging groups, constituencies, and voters at both the micro and macro level. Essentially, he has shifted the theory from a conservative theory of order, to a progressive theory of democratic contestation and engagement.
|
|
Joostens was first active in the Belgian imperialist penetration of Morocco through the establishment of Belgian companies in the country. Following the First Moroccan Crisis Joostens was appointed by Leopold II to attend the Algeciras Conference together with . The international meeting was installed to figure out a solution for the German contestation of the growing French and Spanish control over Morocco. Leopold II told Joostens that he was not allowed to gain any profits for Belgium at the conference and Joostens loyally followed these orders.
|
|
The appointed chieftains were occasionally met with local resistance. For example, in the Northwest region the Balera group challenged the power of the Nduga who had been appointed to the region by the royal court. The contestation was along clan, rather than ethnic, lines, as both groups were considered Tutsi under the then ethnic understanding. During this period, there was an increase in the long-standing traditions of ubuhake and ubureetwa, a practice of vassalage under which labor and resources are exchanged for political favor.
|
|
Its effect is even worse than we anticipated – the destruction of the arch by the statue, and of the statue by its elevation on the arch, more complete. Every post brings us letters urging renewed efforts to remove te figure to another site. The contestation about the prospective removal of the statue became national. However, the Government failed to remove the statue, despite that they had professed, when it had been placed, that they would do so if it provoked the aversion which it had provoked.
|
|
Mark Knight and Louise Lee (Continuum), 23–36; "Transcendence in Tears," Gazing Through a Prim Darkly, ed. Keith Putt (New York: Fordham University Press, 2009), 116–38; and "’it / is true,’" Words of Life: New Theological Turns in French Phenomenology, ed. Bruce Benson and Norman Wirzba (Fordham University Press), 68–86. One facet of his work is extensive commentary on the writing of the atheist Maurice Blanchot to whom he has devoted four books: The Dark Gaze, The Power of Contestation, Nowhere without No, and Clandestine Encounters.
|
|
Tully "re- describes" each to emphasize not static categories or abstract, transcendental or universal qualities, but rather practice or praxis – dialogical relations, action, and contestation. For more on Tully’s methodological approach, drawing heavily on the work of Ludwig Wittgenstein, the Cambridge School of thought, and Michel Foucault, see Tully, Public Philosophy I, pp. 4–5, 10, 15–131, Public Philosophy II, pp. 254–256; see also David Owen, "Series Editor’s Foreword," in James Tully, On Global Citizenship: James Tully in Dialogue (London: Bloomsbury, 2014), pp.
|
|
Jean-Claude Lutanie was born in Poitiers, France in 1951. In the 1970s and 80s, he entered into social protest and contestation, but early on, broke off from any movement in particular. In 1981, he publishes Protestation devant les libertaires du présent et du futur sur les capitulations de 1980 anonymously,republished by Editions Lutanie in 2011 followed by Une lecture paranoïaque-critique de La Maison Tellier (Guy de Maupassant) in 1993.Le Veilleur Éditeur Lutanie’s university research focused on the work of Jean-Pierre Brisset.
|
|
Muscular nationalism is a term developed by the political scientist Sikata Banerjee to describe the development of nationalism amidst tensions produced by gender binaries. Banerjee describes muscular nationalism as a form of nationalism that relies on a binary notion of gender with opposing conceptions of man versus woman. In such a situation, female activists and political actors contest a dualistic notion of nationalism, thus generating political, cultural, and social tension. The form of nationalism resulting from the binary and its contestation is muscular nationalism.
|
|
He admitted that this is a worldwide problem for the entertainment industry and not unique to Vietnam. His contestation proved to bring results as the Vietnam government starts to clench, regulate and apply profit sharing barometers between these online websites and recording artists. Beside working as a producer, arranger, music director for shows and festivals, Quoc Trung has also ventured in to the cinema and TV, composed soundtrack commercials, most notably for the Sony brand. He has written music for a number of Asian feature films.
|
|
Its effect is even worse than we anticipated - the destruction of the arch by the statue, and of the statue by its elevation on the arch, more complete. Every post brings us letters urging renewed efforts to remove te figure to another site. The contestation about the prospective removal of the statue became national. However, the Government failed to remove the statue, despite that they had professed, when it had been placed, that they would do so if it provoked the aversion which it had provoked.
|
|
The construction was hired through the bidding no. 8334090011, which aimed to Francisco Morato and Franco da Rocha stations. The bidding result was published and homologated on 3 October 2009, being the winner the Consbem/TIISA/Serveng consortium, by the cost of R$65,697,942.51 (US$ ) After the beginning of the works, CPTM and the consortium companies entered in a contestation about the cost of the contract. Later, the companies Consbem, TIISA, and Serveng abandoned the Francisco Morta contract, leaving the works on hold in 2011.
|
|
By the mid-1980s, as the term "heavy metal" became the subject of much contestation, the style had branched out in so many different directions that new classifications were created by fans, record companies, and fanzines, although sometimes the differences between various subgenres were unclear, even to the artists purportedly belonging to a given style. The most notable of the 1980s metal subgenres in the United States was the swift and aggressive thrash metal style, pioneered by bands like Anthrax, Megadeth, Metallica, and Slayer.
|
|
Until 1996, the electoral system for the House of Representatives was based on a single non-transferable vote in multi-member districts. That system was not conducive to women's advancement in public office because it promoted contestation between competing parties and rival candidates within the same party, but overall, the new electoral system was introduced to reduce the excessive role of money and corruption in elections, which ultimately helped women who were running for public office. 1st International Conference Women and Politics in Asia. Conference Paper.
|
|
Because of this, watching television became a space for black people to develop a critical spectatorship; an oppositional gaze. Prior to racial integration, black viewers "[...] experienced visual pleasure in a context where looking was also about contestation and confrontation." She further discusses how this spectatorship looked different for black women compared to black men. Black men could renounce the racism of the images, while simultaneously engaging in the phallocentric nature of Hollywood films as a way of contesting white supremacy and experiencing imaginative phallocentric power.
|
|
Communization (or communisation in British English) mainly refers to a contemporary communist theory in which there is a mixing-up of insurrectionist anarchism, the communist ultra-left, post-autonomists, anti-political currents, groups like the Invisible Committee, as well as more explicitly ‘communizing’ currents, such as Théorie Communiste. "Obviously at the heart of the word is communism and, as the shift to communization suggests, communism as a particular activity and process..."Benjamin Noys (ed). Communization and its Discontents: Contestation, Critique, and Contemporary Struggles. Minor Compositions, Autonomedia. 2011.
|
|
For example, France has a permanent seat on the UN Security Council because of its power and status at the end of World War II, yet it would likely not get a permanent seat if the UN Security Council were re- designed decades later. Historical institutionalist works tend to reject functionalist accounts of institutions. Historical institutionalists tend to see origins behind the creation of institutions as the result of conflict and contestation, which then gets locked in and persists, even if the circumstances that resulted in the institution change.
|
|
Francis, Ric & Ganley, Colin: Penang trams, trolleybuses & railways: municipal transport history, 1880s–1963. Areca Books: Penang, 2006 The Penang Hill Railway, launched in 1923, remains operational to this day and is Penang's sole funicular railway system. With improved access to education and rising living standards, George Town soon enjoyed substantial press freedom and there was a greater degree of participation in municipal affairs by its Asian residents. Penang's representatives in the Straits Settlements Legislative Council gained a reputation for their assertive contestation of the policies made by the Singapore-based British authorities.
|
|
Gaizka Mendieta gave Valencia the lead by scoring from the penalty spot right at the start of the match. Goalkeeper Santiago Cañizares then stopped a penalty from Mehmet Scholl, but Stefan Effenberg drew level after the break thanks to another penalty. After extra time, it went to penalties, where a Mauricio Pellegrino miss gave Bayern Champions League glory and dealt Valencia a second-straight exit in the finals. Valencia went on to slip to fifth place in La Liga and out of Champions League contestation for the 2001–02 season.
|
|
Recognizing, on the other hand, that politics involves the imposition of order and stability, she argues that politics can neither be reduced to consensus, nor to pure contestation, but that these are both essential aspects of politics. William E. Connolly is one of the founders of this school of thought in political theory. He promotes the possibility of an "agonistic democracy", where he finds positive ways to engage certain aspects of political conflict. Connolly proposes a positive ethos of engagement, which could be used to debate political differences.
|
|
Following the 2008 Court Ruling and successful contestation by defeated rival Raj Ringadoo of Ashock's election 3 years earlier by-elections had to be held in Constituency No.8. At the 2009 by-elections Ashock Jugnauth stood under the banner of his new party Union National which had the support of Berenger's MMM. However his rival Pravind Jugnauth won the seat. At the May 2010 elections he was a candidate of the Alliance MMM-UN-MMSD coalition in Constituency No.8 but was defeated by his rival and nephew Pravind Jugnauth.
|
|
The earliest known version was probably composed in the 1st century CE, but the story may have circulated in different versions for centuries before it was committed to writing,Leslie Kurke, "Aesop and the Contestation of Delphic Authority", in The Cultures Within Ancient Greek Culture: Contact, Conflict, Collaboration, ed. Carol Dougherty and Leslie Kurke, p. 77. and certain elements can be shown to originate in the 4th century BCE.François Lissarrague, "Aesop, Between Man and Beast: Ancient Portraits and Illustrations", in Not the Classical Ideal: Athens and the Construction of the Other in Greek Art, ed.
|
|
The modern literary and artistic field is a site of contestation between the heteronomous principle, subordinating art to economy, and the autonomous, resisting such subordination. In Bourdieu's map of the French literary field in the late nineteenth century, the most autonomous genre, that is, the least economically profitable - poetry - is to the left, whilst the most heteronomous, the most economically profitable - drama - is to the right, with the novel located somewhere in between. Additionally, higher social status audiences govern the upper end of the field and lower status audiences the lower end.Bourdieu, P. (1996).
|
|
227 The first and major reform adopted by the government regarding sports in East Germany was the high-performance directive so-called Leistungssportbeschluss in 1969. The aim of the reform was the division of disciplines in two main categories, respectively Sport 1 and Sport 2.Dennis, M. Grix, J. (2010) "Beside the Iron Curtain: Football as a Cite of Contestation in the East German Sports 'Miracle" Sports in History, United Kingdom, University of Wolverhampton. p.454 The disciplines stamped Sport 1 were supported and developed by the state.
|
|
The King famously has two bodies, a physical one that will eventually be subject to infirmity and death, and a symbolic one which metonymically stands in for the body politic and which continues to extend its dominion, by coercion or consent through the accoutrements of power. This act of symbolic regicide thus exemplifies the truth of every iconoclastic gesture, – the recognition that every contestation of power starts with the destruction of the images through which its authority continues to be exercised and reproduced, – and thereby indicates the limits of sovereign power.- Sathyanand Mohan.
|
|
The Convocation of 1563 restored the position of the Thirty-Nine Articles in the Church of England (more accurately said, the Forty-Two Articles of Edward VI were reduced to a draft at this point, which was widely supported, and eventually enforced after 1571). There were further proposals from reformers, in particular on canon law and liturgy, some of which originated from a group among the bishops. These, however, proved contentious, and did not pass. Subsequent contestation of the same matters made some of the issues a matter of authority.
|
|
'Amahl Bishara, 'The Geopolitics of Press Freedoms in the Israeli-Palestinian Context', in Lena Jayyusi, Anne Sofie Roald (eds.), Media and Political Contestation in the Contemporary Arab World: A Decade of Change, Palgrave Macmillan, 2016 pp.161-185 p.177. The Goldstone Report on the war added that Seaman also expressed the view that foreign correspondents lacked professionalism and took "questionable reports at face value without checking".Adam Horowitz, Lizzy Ratner, Philip Weiss (eds.)The Goldstone Report: The Legacy of the Landmark Investigation of the Gaza Conflict, Nation Books, 2011 p.285.
|
|
Thus, the IRC figure should be revised to 860,000 total war-related excess deaths.Michael Spagat, Andrew Mack, Tara Cooper and Joakim Kreutz, "Estimating War Deaths: An Arena of Contestation," Journal of Conflict Resolution, (2009); 53; 934–950. In response to the criticism from HSRP, one of the authors of the IRC report argued the following: Although there may have been small statistical discrepancies in the original study, the IRC report had been widely peer- reviewed and was judged to be an accurate estimate of the war-related excess deaths.
|
|
Similar to issues of defining and identifying the underclass, the outlining of potential causes and proposed solutions for the "underclass problem" have also been points of contestation. Debates concerning the diagnosis of, and prescription for, the underclass often mirror debates concerning first world poverty more generally. However, in many writings on the specific notion of the underclass, some particular causes and solutions have been set forth. A few of these propositions are outlined below, including those developed by William Julius Wilson, Douglas Massey and Nancy Denton, Lawrence M. Mead, and Ken Auletta.
|
|
The first hospital designed under the Kirkbride Plan was the Trenton State Hospital in Trenton, New Jersey, constructed in 1848. Throughout the remainder of the nineteenth century, numerous psychiatric hospitals were designed under the Kirkbride Plan across the United States. By the twentieth century, popularity of the design had waned, largely due to the economic pressures of maintaining the immense facilities, as well as contestation of Dr. Kirkbride's theories amongst the medical community. Numerous Kirkbride structures still exist today, though many have been demolished or partially-demolished and repurposed.
|
|
Reasons for his contestation include the altering of God's creation and disfiguration of vital organs as being unlawful. In Islam, the term mukhannathun ("effeminate ones") is used to describe gender-variant people, usually transgender people who are transitioning from male to female. Neither this term nor the equivalent for "eunuch" occurs in the Quran, but the term does appear in the Hadith, the sayings of Muhammad, which have a secondary status to the central text. Moreover, within Islam, there is a tradition on the elaboration and refinement of extended religious doctrines through scholarship.
|
|
Gaizka Mendieta gave Valencia the lead by scoring from the penalty spot right at the start of the match. Goalkeeper Santiago Cañizares then stopped a penalty from Mehmet Scholl, but Stefan Effenberg drew level after the break thanks to another penalty. After extra time, it went to penalties, where a Mauricio Pellegrino miss gave Bayern Champions League glory and dealt Valencia a second-straight exit in the finals. Valencia went on to slip to fifth place in La Liga and out of Champions League contestation for the 2001–02 season.
|
|
By engaging Nietzsche and Foucault, Connolly explores the nature of democratic contestation and its relation to pluralism. A more comprehensive look on pluralism can be found in the work Pluralism. An extensive engagement with Connolly can be found in The New Pluralism (Duke University Press, 2008), edited by David Campbell and Morton Schoolman. There Morton Schoolman, Thomas Dumm, George Kateb, Wendy Brown, Stephen White, Bonnie Honig, Roland Bleiker, Michael Shapiro, Kathy Ferguson, James Der Derian, and David Campbell engage his accounts of pluralism, cosmopolitanism, agonistic respect, subjectivity, politics and global capitalism.
|
|
Arguello (2004), p.196 Between the 12th and 13th century, the alcaide offered the castle to King D. Sancho I, who compensated his captain, by offering him the title of master of Vimioso, which was conferred on Mendo Rufino. The King planned of transforming Algoso into the centre of his vast territory, encompassing the area of Miranda do Douro and Penas Róias. But, between 1212 and 1213, the lands were invaded by troops loyal to the King of León, Alfonso IX, as a reprisal for the contestation of the Portuguese King against the donations of his sisters.
|
|
R. Radcliffe-Brown, Structure and Function in Primitive Society. Free Press, 1952, 12 Most importantly, function "is the part it plays in, the contribution it makes to, the life of the organism as a whole."A. R. Radcliffe-Brown, Structure and Function in Primitive Society. Free Press, 1952, 179 Thus the functionality of each part in the system works together to maintain a harmony or internal consistency. British anthropologist, E. R. Leach, went beyond the instrumentalist argument of Radcliffe-Brown's structural-functionalism, which approached social norms, kinship, etc. in functionalist terms rather than as social fields, or arenas of contestation.
|
|
He returned to Maine to work at his alma mater as director of housing in 1980 before formally entering politics in November 1993. His first political contestation was for the Mayor of Lewiston which he won with a 3 to 1 margin. Two years into his mayoral tenure, he ran and eventually unseated an incumbent legislator to become a member of the Maine Senate representing the 21st district. After a brief hiatus to become a business consultant and a motivational speaker, he entered the 2007 mayoral race for Auburn eventually winning it as a write-in candidate.
|
|
2004 – "Orpheus and the Eternal: Faithfulness, Vision & Fine-Tuning" in Spring: A Journal of Archetype and Culture # 71 - ORPHEUS. September, 2004. 2005 – “Contemplative Musicianship and Liminality” for the Pleroma Press Contemplative Musicianship Series, Volume 1 of 10. 2005 – “Integration and Healing: Grief, Memory, Sleep, Joy,” for the Pleroma Press Contemplative Musicianship Series, Volume 10 of 10. (also Volumes 2-9) 2006 – “The Principles of Prescriptive Music:Volumes 1-10,” for the Pleroma Press Music- Thanatology Series. 2006 – "The Vox Feminae: Choosing and Being as Christian Form and Praxis," chapter in Practicing Catholic: Ritual, Body and Contestation in Catholic Faith, Palgrave Macmillan, 2006.
|
|
Moreover, the existence of the Palestinian people as the rightful claimant to the Occupied Palestinian Territory is no longer open to question (See De Waart, Paul J. I. M., "International Court of Justice Firmly Walled in the Law of Power in the Israeli–Palestinian Peace Process", Leiden Journal of International Law, 18 (2005), pp. 467–487). and several Israeli authorities. A total of 133 countries recognize Palestine as a state. However, Palestinian sovereignty over the areas claimed as part of the Palestinian state remains limited, and the boundaries of the state remain a point of contestation between Palestinians and Israelis.
|
|
In 1959, in the middle of the Algerian War, he and Marie-Thérèse Maugis formed the Maspero publishing house, Éditions François Maspero. They later were joined by Jean-Philippe Bernigaud and Fanchita Gonzalez Batlle, and then by Émile Copfermann. Their first two collections, "Cahiers libres" and "Textes à l'appui", focused on the Algerian War from an anti-colonialist perspective, and on contestation of the French Communist Party's unreformed Stalinism. Maspero published Frantz Fanon's The Wretched of the Earth (1961), censored by the French authorities, with a preface by Jean-Paul Sartre, as well as Fanon's L'An V de la Révolution algérienne.
|
|
Political incivility is different from the everyday incivility described above. According to face negotiation theory, politeness norms require us to avoid challenging others, but political incivility is different because, since it is specific to the political sphere, contestation of views and confrontation are required for a democracy to occur. According to Thomas Benson, "Where there is disagreement, there is a risk of incivility; in many cases, incivility is itself a tactic in political discourse, employed as an indicator of sincerity, as the marker of the high stakes in a disagreement." Civil discourse is "the free and respectful exchange of different ideas".
|
|
The Third Emsav was closely associated with the upsurge of social contestation during the 1960s. It movement grew without links with the previous nationalist movements and, in sharp contrast with the earlier ideology, occupied the left side of the political spectrum, with affinity ranging from social-democrat liberalism to Marxism revolutionary. That can help to explain the reluctance that some members of the movement feel toward the term "nationalism", which, in France, has right-wing connotations. The movement has experienced continued momentum by the growth of regional identities across Europe in the 1980s and to the present.
|
|
Chávez is the co-founder of the Queer Migration Research Network, which is an interdisciplinary initiative that examines how migration processes fuel the production, contestation, and remaking of sexual and gender norms, cultures, communities, and politics. She is also a former organizer for LGBT Books to Prisoners. Chávez has received multiple awards and honors, including Book of the Year in 2014 from the GLBT Studies Division of the National Communication Association (NCA). Additionally, NCA's Latino Studies Division named her the 2015 Puchot-Córdova Scholar of the Year, and she won the 2015 Lambda Award for LGBTQ Advocacy from NCA's Caucus on LGBTQ Concerns.
|
|
While Đổi Mới was officially introduced at the 6th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam in 1986, the state had initiated reforms in the early 1980s. Specifically, in October and November 1978, cooperative leaders in the north were permitted to rent out fields to members during the winter as long as the latter produced winter crops collectively for required number of days and return the land in time for growing paddy in the spring.Melanie Beresford, Vietnam: the Transition for Central Planning. In Garry Rodan et al(Eds.), The Political Economy of South-East Asia: Markets, power and contestation.
|
|
Halil İbrahim Dinçdağ was a referee with the Turkey Football Federation for 13 years, but was sacked from this position due to his homosexuality. The Trabzon Board of Referees and the Turkish Football Association decided that he was not eligible for the role as he was previously excused from the military service for being homosexual. The Board of Referees has an association policy that excludes those that having not completed the military duties due to a mental illness (including homosexuality) are ineligible as referees, although normally homosexuality is not considered as such by the Turkish constitution.Hefner, Robert W. Remaking Muslim politics: Pluralism, contestation, democratization.
|
|
On 15 August 1977 it was renamed as Station F — Faraday soon after the Argentine Air Force established own military base at Southern Thule earlier in November 1976 (see Corbeta Uruguay base) during 1970–1980s contestation of the region between Argentina and the United Kingdom. The British base was renamed Faraday Station in honour of British scientist Michael Faraday. In September 1977 at Rasmussen Island was planted memorial cross in honor of G H Hargreaves, M A Walker and G J Whitfield. On 14 August 1982 another memorial cross was planted at Petermann Island in honor of A C Morgan, K P Ockleton and J Coll.
|
|
Historically the area around the town was a site of contestation between the territories of Owen (later Tír Eoghain) and Connail (later Tír Chonaill - mostly modern County Donegal). This rivalry between the two powers continued until the 16th century when they combined in the defence of Ulster against the encroaching Elizabethan armies. The Castlederg area, lying within the new barony of Omagh, was granted to the English Attorney-General for Ireland, Sir John Davies. Two castles were constructed on his proportion, Castle Curlews (Kirlish Castle) outside Drumquin and the bulk of what can be seen today on the northern bank of the Derg at Castlederg.
|
|
During this period, Lukács was very criticised by the Hungarian Communist Party and Mátyás Rákosi's government banned some of his works between 1949 and the mid-1950s. Because of his allegiance to Lukács and his attendance of Lukács's seminars, Mészáros almost got expelled from the university. Later, Lukács nominated Mészáros as his assistant at the Institute of Aesthetics because of his public contestation of the censorship of Mihály Vörösmarty's play Csongor és Tünde denounced as a "pessimist aberration". His pro-Vörösmarty essay, published in the literary magazine Csillag, earned him the 1951 Attila József Prize and helped the reincorporation of the play in the National Theatre's repertoire.
|
|
Under Mughal rule, Multan enjoyed 200 years of peace in a time when the city became known as Dar al-Aman ("Abode of Peace"). During the Mughal era, Multan was an important centre of agricultural production and manufacturing of cotton textiles. Multan was a centre for currency minting, as well as tile-making during the Mughal era. Multan was also host to the offices of many commercial enterprises during the Mughal era, even in times when the Mughals were in control of the even more coveted city of Kandahar, given the unstable political situation resulting from frequent contestation of Kandadar with the Persian Safavid Empire.
|
|
The consequent contestation of the name chosen by Macedonia obviously is a cause of frustration for the Macedonian government and parts of the population. If no solution will be found, the name dispute threatens to further block Macedonia's membership in the NATO as well as its accession to the European Union. Nikola Gruevski, Macedonia's current prime minister and leader of the VMRO-DPMNE, stated that “his government and the population are not willing to tolerate ‘blackmailing’ by their Greek neighbors and perceive their request for a name-change as a threat to Macedonian identity”. Negating Macedonia's name and identity is thus perceived as negating the existence of Macedonians in general.
|
|
Yuan-Horng Chu () of National Chiao Tung University stated "For Clayton, that the very idea of teaching local history would be so controversial tells of the contestation and volatility of the local in a place and time at the edges of sovereignty." Chapter 5 discusses how places are named, the nostalgia around them, and how the groups of Macau experience them. The Chinese population largely was unaware of the Portuguese names of places, including streets, which differ from the names of the places in Chinese. The author stated that this shows, in regards to most people living in Macau, the Portuguese sovereignty had "irrelevance".
|
|
The town of Butterworth was also established in the mid-19th century as the transportation hub within Province Wellesley. In 1894, the first cross-strait ferry service between George Town and Butterworth commenced operations, and would eventually evolve into the present-day Rapid Ferry. With improved access to education and rising living standards, Penang soon enjoyed substantial press freedom and there was a greater degree of participation in municipal affairs by its Asian residents. Penang's representatives in the Straits Settlements Legislative Council gained a reputation for their assertive contestation of the policies made by the Singapore-based British authorities, which sometimes went against Penang's interests.
|
|
The speaker's official role is to moderate debate, make rulings on procedure, announce the results of votes, and the like. The speaker decides who may speak and has the powers to discipline members who break the procedures of the chamber or house.As in case of disorders in the floor: Italian traditions knew cases of extreme contestation, not much different from tumults stigmatized in Ukrainian parliaments, Taiwanese and South Korean: The speaker often also represents the body in person, as the voice of the body in ceremonial and some other situations. The title was first recorded in 1377 to describe the role of Thomas de Hungerford in the Parliament of England.
|
|
The reason was that sports such as swimming, rowing, and athleticism had the potential of Olympic glory. On the other hand, the disciplines stamped Sport 2 had no particular interest in the eyes of the state. Indeed, a sport like karate had no potential of Olympic glory. Many sports suffered from the directive as resources were taken from certain activities to finance the Sport 1.Dennis, M. Grix, J. (2010) "Beside the Iron Curtain: Football as a Cite of Contestation in the East German Sports 'Miracle" Sports in History, United Kingdom, University of Wolverhampton. p.455 The GDR made huge efforts to identify talents.
|
|
Although the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) came to power through cooptation and peace, it maintained power for 71 years straight (1929 to 2000) by establishing patronage networks and relying on personalistic measures. That is why, Mexico functioned as a one-party state and was characterized by a system in which politicians provided bribes to their constituents in exchange for support and votes for reelection. This type of clientelism constructed a platform through which political corruption had the opportunity to flourish: little political competition and organization outside of the party existed; it was not possible to independently contest the PRI system. Political contestation equated to political, economic, and social isolation and neglect.
|
|
A patent grants its owner(s) the right to sue those who manufacture and market products or services that infringe on the claims declared in the patent. Typically, governments award patents on either a first to file or first to invent basis. Therefore, it is important to keep and maintain records that help establish who is first to invent a particular invention. The inventor's notebook (also called a journal, lab book or log book) is a systematic device for recording all information related to an invention in such a way that it can be used to develop a case during a patent contestation or patent-related lawsuit.
|
|
The subcentral TIPNIS, the Confederation of Indigenous Peoples of Bolivia (CIDOB), and the highland indigenous confederation CONAMAQ—supported by other indigenous and environmental groups—organized a march from Trinidad, Beni to the national capital La Paz in opposition to the project, beginning on 15 August 2011. "One of the latest tactics deployed by governments to bypass indigenous contestation is to consult non-native indigenous communities. This happened to communities in the case of the road project through Bolivia’s Isiboro Sécure National Park and Indigenous Territory (TIPNIS)."International pressure built up after Evo Morales’ government violently repressed a large indigenous march against a road project in “the massacre of Chaparina”.
|
|
Somerville College Chapel is the chapel of Somerville College, Oxford. The chapel is unique among Oxford colleges because it has no religious affiliation - reflecting the non-sectarian foundation of the college as place for the higher education of women. It can be seen as both a manifestation of the aspirations of liberal Christianity in the interwar years, including the advancement of women and ecumenism, and of the contestation of the role of religion in higher education among elites in the same period. The chapel is made of dimension stone ashlar masonry and is located opposite Somerville College Library, on the southern side of the main quad.
|
|
In the 1920s, Saigon was the center of open anticolonial contestation in Vietnam. Following the events of Spring 1926, Saigon's public sphere reframed and saw a parallel evolution toward the constitution of ideologically marked "opinion newspapers" (journaux d’opinion). Contrasted with Journaux d’information, "opinion newspapers" was arguably the distinctive sort of Vietnamese political journalism that appealed to a diverse readership with their collective forums, contributions by specialists, broad political orientation, and clear commercial strategy. After the events of Spring 2016, "opinion newspapers" located themselves within an ideologically diversified spectrum of opposition, and Marxist and socialist theories had growing influence on many journalists, a response to the colonial authorities’ resistance to political dialogue and the colon newspapers’ anticommunist hysteria.
|
|
Following Shaw's death in November 1950, and after some legal dispute, the Trustee announced a worldwide competition to design such an alphabet, with the aim of producing a system that would be an economical way of writing and of printing the English language. A contest for the design of the new alphabet was won by four people, including Ronald Kingsley Read. Read was then appointed to amalgamate the four designs to produce the new alphabet. Due to the contestation of Shaw's will, the trust charged with developing the new alphabet could afford to publish only one book: a version of Shaw's play Androcles and the Lion, in a bi- alphabetic edition with both conventional and Shavian spellings.
|
|
Turner uses examples such as the claims in economics and the debate over climate change to show that reliance on experts can go wrong, and that the mechanisms of self-policing attributed to the scientific community are often ineffective. Deciding whether or not to accept the products of experts or expert communities is a political decision. To the extent that such decisions replace democratic deliberation or become the content of democratic deliberation, liberal democracy itself becomes transformed from government by discussion among the equally informed into contestation over expertise itself. History of Sociology: Turner is also recognized for his contributions to the history of sociology, especially in The Impossible Science, a contemporary overview of the history of American sociology.
|
|
The works also display a strong interest for the interplay of fantasy and narration in everyday experience of the environment. Sexualities refers to the plurality of sexual and gendered experience, fundamental for Åsdam's construction of characters. His work witnesses a sensitivity to the instability of the self that expands on the merits of queer theory and feminism, and simultaneously invites the viewers own desires and presuppositions in the building of narrative and desire. Struggle is vital, not only in a political sense, but also as a way of understanding the contestation and affirmation of ‘speech’ (subject formation), ‘living’ (the meaning of the everyday) and ‘sexualities’ (the meaning of our bodies) in our everyday, involving both psychological and social processes.
|
|
The division is interested in theory building based in the examination of technologies whether old or new, rural, urban or digital. Radhika Gajjala (chair) and Steve Luber (vice chair) Theories of Cultural Studies The Division of Theories of Cultural Studies is interested in promoting a broad range of theoretical work that includes not only theories of culture and its practices but also theoretical work in other areas such as politics, philosophy, language and literature studies, art, etc. as they intersect with cultural studies. Henry Krips (chair) Visual Culture The CSA Visual Culture Division represents the multi- and inter-disciplinary study of the visual as a primary site for the production and contestation of meaning.
|
|
Current areas of discussion include national and ethnic conflict regulation, democracy and the politics of national self-determination, globalization and its relationship to democracy, conflict and peace studies, comparative politics, political economy, and the international political economy of the environment. One important area of global politics is contestation in the global political sphere over legitimacy. Global politics is said by some to be distinct from the field of international politics (commonly seen as a branch of international relations), as it "does not stress the primacy of intergovernmental relations and transactions". This distinction however has not always been held among authors and political scientists, who often use the term "international politics" to mean global politics.
|
|
By 1973, RTV was broadcasting 42 hours a week from three transmitters. The station originally provided live monochrome news and entertainment and was instrumental in maintaining public morale after the nation's Unilateral Declaration of Independence (UDI) on 11 November 1965 and during the subsequent liberation war from 1972 until 1980, when the country gained its independence. The first programming created for the majority black viewership was introduced when RTV was taken over by the Rhodesian governmentMedia, Public Discourse and Political Contestation in Zimbabwe, Henning Melber, Nordic Africa Institute, 2004, page 15 in 1976, becoming RBC TV, when the Rhodesia Broadcasting Corporation (RBC) initially acquired a 51 per cent stake in the service.
|
|
There were further proposals from reformers, in particular on canon law and liturgy, some of which originated from a group among the bishops. These, however, proved contentious, and did not pass. Subsequent contestation of the same issues made some of them a matter of authority. Collinson comments that > Moves to improve the settlement in the convocation of 1563 were led by the > bishops rather than by 'Puritans' in the lower house [...] Dawley writes that probably the surprise of the Convocation > [...] was not the amount of support given to the Precisians but the > unexpected extent of loyalty to the existing regulations, "Precisian" being the term used by Parker for his opponents on the issue of clerical dress.
|
|
On 29 October, the "Comité on the modernization and rebalance of the institutions of the Fifth Republic", presided by Édouard Balladur, released a report, ordered by the President; it was to prepare a major reform of the constitution and of the parliamentarian system. Finally, the bill merging the ANPE and the UNEDIC/ASSEDIC was presented (enacted in February 2008). However, at the end of the year 2007, political life was troubled by a growing contestation of certain groups strongly affected by some reforms. Between October and December, university students at the beginning of November, a growing discontentment of university students, protesting against the LRU law, led to two months of strikes and blockades.
|
|
Tucson: University of Arizona Press. While in the case of the Arizona Tewa, a dominant language ideology of purism and an association of the Tewa language with ethnic identity has contributed to language maintenance, the traditional language ideologies of the Western Mono have contributed to rapid language shift. In light of these findings, Kroskrity has more recently called for "language ideological clarification". ::Language ideological clarification is the process of identifying issues of language ideological contestation within a heritage language community, including both beliefs and feelings that are indigenous to that community and those introduced by outsiders (such as linguists and government officials), that can negatively impact community efforts to successfully engage in language maintenance and renewal.
|
|
In 1882, he published a French-language tome dealing specifically with the legal implications of the Strousberg Affair: De la compétence des tribunaux et particulièrernent des tribunaux prussiens dans toute contestation relative aux biens mobiliers qu'un état étranger peut posséder en Prusse.Teodorescu et al, p. 849 As noted at the time by Titu Maiorescu, Kalinderu was responsible for placing his government in a humiliating position, and it was surprising that such a mission was entrusted to so unqualified an individual. Brătianu, who had taken over as Prime Minister, arrived in Berlin to personally supervise the negotiations, reportedly because the hastiness on the German side to seal off the deal "inspired in him grave disquietude".
|
|
The Bushman Diorama was not the only South African Museum display that historicised ethnic groups in this way. The African culture gallery also featured a series of displays of casts or models of "dark-skinned people" (in ethnically-defined groups) who "live in rural areas and are located in timeless places such as 'tribes' or 'groups'". The Bushman Diorama deserves particular attention though, as it has been at the centre of much contestation but also a popular tourist attraction for foreigners, locals and schools. The focus of tours was largely the physical appearance of the figures; teachers and tour guides would routinely use the display to emphasise racialised physical features such as skin, hair type, body shape and genital forms.
|
|
In 2011, she exhibited To Sweep, an accumulation of dozens of brooms appearing to sweep words such as "obscurantism," "terrorism," "war" and "totalitarianism," referencing the acts of remembering and forgetting. The artwork, first shown in Beirut at the Beirut Exhibition Center and then in London at the Royal College of Art, embodied a general gesture of civil contestation as well as a metaphor for starting again, one particularly important to the Arab world at the time, in the context of the Arab Spring. To Sehnaoui, sweeping represents not only an everyday mundane action but also a powerful collective project following a war or a revolution. Sehnaoui's latest urban installation, Light at the end of the Tunnel, was staged in 2012 in Beirut's waterfront Zaitunay Bay neighborhood.
|
|
East Timor's on-going effort to gain control of gas and oil resources from Australia, which it perceives at its own, is a form of counter-mapping. This dispute involves a cartographic contestation of Australia's mapping of the seabed resources between the two countries. As Nevins contends: whilst Australia's map is based on the status quo - a legacy of a 1989 agreement between Australia and the Indonesian occupier of East Timor at that time, East Timor's map represents an enlarged notion of what its sea boundaries should be, thereby entailing a redrawing of the map. This form of counter-mapping thus represents a claim by a relatively weak state, East Timor, to territory and resources that are controlled by a stronger state, Australia.
|
|
In 1627–30, when the Portuguese were seeking to subdue the forces of Queen Njinga of Ndongo, Mbwila sometimes swore loyalty to her, other times to Kongo. Mbwila was sufficiently strong in this period in that it sometimes led regional coalitions of other Dembo rulers, and its strategic position made it constantly the subject of contestation. Mbwila was subject to important Portuguese attacks in 1635–40, but when the Dutch took over Luanda in 1641, the country threw its loyalty to Queen Njinga, who moved her headquarters to Kavanga, south of the country that year. Following the expulsion of the Dutch in 1648, Portuguese officials again focused their attention on Mbwila, placing pressure on its rulers in order to renew their vassalage to Portugal.
|
|
At the other pole are those historians who see the positive benefit of enabling the preservation of language, and religion and traditional customs under British rule. French- Canadian debates have escalated since the 1960s, as the conquest is seen as a pivotal moment in the history of Québec's nationalism. Francophone historian Jocelyn Létourneau suggested in 2009, that today, "1759 does not belong primarily to a past that we might wish to study and understand, but, rather, to a present and a future that we might wish to shape and control." The enduring contestation of the legacy of the Conquest can be exemplified by an episode in 2009, when an attempt to commemorate the 250th anniversary of the battle of the Plains of Abraham was cancelled.
|
|
She has examined substantive areas such as trade, intellectual property, information, and privacy to examine how contestation, rhetorical frames, and path dependence contribute to development of global orders. Her current research on global problems focuses on instances of power and how they can congeal into governance or disruption of governance, especially as Information Age technologies change who and what can be an actor in global politics. This stream of research includes analysis of politics online and of global sites within cyberspace as opportunities for complicating our understanding of the practices of global politics. She also researches this theme of power instances by exploring the relation between the embodied human and global practices, the politics of borders, and technologies and art in global affairs.
|
|
This book comprises a series of essays on contemporary political issues from the problem of moralism in politics to the legacies of past injustices in the present. Throughout her thematically overlapping chapters, Brown asks: "What happens to left and liberal political orientations when faith in progress is broken, when both the sovereign individual and sovereign states seem tenuous, when desire seems as likely to seek punishment as freedom, when all political conviction is revealed as contingent and subjective?" Much of this book takes history and liberalism themselves as objects of theoretical reflection and sites of contestation. Drawing on a range of thinkers, such as Freud, Marx, Nietzsche, Spinoza, Benjamin and Derrida, Brown rethinks the disorientation and possibility inherent to contemporary democracy.
|
|
These religiously significant spaces go beyond officially religious/spiritual spaces (such as places of worship) to include non-official religious spaces such as homes, schools and even bodies. These works have focused on both material aspects of spaces (such as architectural distinctiveness) and socially constructed spaces (such as rituals and demarcation of sacred spaces) to present religious meaning and significance. A key focus in the study of sacred places is the politics of identity, belonging and meaning that are ascribed to sacred sites, and the constant negotiations for power and legitimacy. Particularly in multicultural settings, the contestation for legitimacy, public approval, and negotiations for use of particular spaces are at the heart of determining how communities understand, internalise and struggle to compete for the right to practice their religious traditions in public spaces.
|
|
The historian Zeev Sternhell, has identified personalism with fascism in a very controversial manner, claiming that Mounier's personalism movement "shared ideas and political reflexes with fascism". He argued that Mounier's "revolt against individualism and materialism" would have led him to share the ideology of fascism.Zeev Sternhell, "Sur le fascisme et sa variante française", in Le Débat, November 1984, "Emmanuel Mounier et la contestation de la démocratie libérale dans la France des années 30", in Revue française de science politique, December 1984, and also John Hellman's book, on which he takes a lot of his sources, Emmanuel Mounier and the New Catholic Left, 1930-1950 (University of Toronto Press, 1981). See also Denis de Rougemont, Mme Mounier et Jean-Marie Domenach dans Le personnalisme d'Emmanuel Mounier hier et demain, Seuil, Paris, 1985.
|
|
In preparation for the official registration the party statute was approved by the founding members, and the first elected board was composed of Cristian Bulumac (President), Ştefan Marius Angelescu (Vice-President), Claudiu Marginean (Founding President), Ștefan Cristian Brîndușă (General Secretary) until March 2020, with a few exceptions. On 11 February 2014 the party has submitted to the authorities the official request to be legally registered as a political party without the required signatures of 25,000 founding members. In February 2015, the Pirate Party contested the electoral law at the Constitutional Court of Romania, arguing that the law violates freedom of association., the Constitutional Court heard the case of the Pirate Party leaders and admitted their contestation, overturning the section of the electoral law mandating the number of founding members.
|
|
Batho began her militant activity in the high-school students' union FIDL (Fédération indépendante et démocratique lycéenne) while attending the Lycée Henri-IV in Paris. She was elected president of the union in 1990 and became well known for her activism on behalf of students' rights and for the means to study. Following nearly two months of strikes the movement obtained from Lionel Jospin, the Minister for Education, a pledge to spend 4.5 million francsThere is some disagreement on the figure involved. AFP (Agence France Presse), quoted in Le Figaro 21/11/2007, article "40 ans de contestation étudiante en France", consulted 4/11/2012, gives the sum as 4.5 million francs; whereas the student organisation FIDL, in a timeline of actions, states it to be 4.5 billion, , consulted 04/11/2012.
|
|
In the late 1700s, early 1800s the area that became Tanganyika, and then Tanzania, a part of the Great Lakes region, consisted of many small kingdoms/ Chieftains. A legitimate function of Chiefs was to aggrandize their dynasties and increase the territory and power of family members. Families of Chiefs sent their children (with the assistance of lower-rank rulers, as well as a large number and levels of advisers who for the most part also occupy their positions by virtue of their family or clan origins and status) to rule or act as security within neighbouring lands of friendly chieftains. This ensured trust in high ranking circles, non- contestation of seats enthroned to siblings in addition to other reciprocal obligations fulfilled by the families carrying out rituals on behalf of the communities.
|
|
Amongst the most important are: Vies de plusieurs solitaires de La Trappe; Le traité de la sainteté et des devoirs de la vie monastique; La règle de s. Benoît, traduite et expliqué selon son véritable esprit, etc. An important episode of his subsequent life was the "Contestation" with Jean Mabillon on the lawfulness of monks devoting themselves to study, which De Rancé denied. His penitential mode of life made him many enemies, and caused him to be accused of Jansenism, but he refrained from defending himself, until finally, at the request of his most intimate friends, he wrote to the Maréchal de Bellefonds, stating that he had signed the Formula (against Jansenism) without restriction or reservation of any kind; adding that he had always submitted himself absolutely to those whom God had placed over him, i.e.
|
|
In this sense, concepts are defined by their relation to other concepts. According to Freeden, it is precisely these conceptual relations that should attract our attention as they will be likely to evolve in the long term. By studying the conceptual evolution of ideologies, Freeden observes that the relative "political success" of an ideology depends on its ability to impose the belief that its own conceptual definitions are the "correct ones". This gives rise to a form of "conceptual competition", in which each ideology performs a continuous "decontestation" of its concepts; that is, it tries to eliminate all possible contestation of its own conceptual definitions, thereby rejecting competing definitions (Marxism will thus reject private property as a product of the exploitative nature of capitalism, just as liberalism may view state intervention as an infringement of individual freedoms).
|
|
This process exercised by the authors allows one to identify multiple identities through the dialogue as relative to one another. In “Toward an epistemology of a brown body” from the “International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education”, Cindy Cruz examines how "the absence and elusiveness of the body in educational research defines and delineates any consideration of how new identities, particularly the emerging identities of Latina/o lesbian and gay youth, are being invented within a contestation of dominant discourses of race, class, gender, and sexuality". By reevaluating the writings of Chicana theorists Cherrie Moraga and Gloria Anzaldúa, Cruz determines the brown body as the required central role in the negotiation of multiple, and often conflicting, ideas and identities. To create new knowledge, Cruz deems it imperative to maintain the brown body in centrality when compromising for identity at an intersection of sociopolitical and ethnic roles.
|
|
Julian Anderson considers Danish composer Per Nørgård's Voyage into the Golden Screen for chamber orchestra (1968) to be the first "properly instrumental piece of spectral composition". Spectralism as a recognizable and unified movement, however, arose during the early 1970s, in part as a reaction against and alternative to the primarily pitch focused aesthetics of the serialism and post-serialism which was ascendant at the time."... the question of timbre, though it is rigorously tackled by Schönberg (in his theory of the "melody of timbres") and above all by Webern, nevertheless has pre-serial origins, especially in Debussy—in this regard a "founding father" of the same rank as Schönberg. [...] Later, it also provided the grounds for the break with Boulez's "structural" orientations and the contestation of the legacy of serialism which was carried out by the French group L'Itinéraire (Gérard Grisey, Michaël Levinas, Tristan Murail ...)" .
|
|
In his view, the French Revolution was in large part caused by the collapse of "representational" culture, and its replacement by Öffentlichkeit culture. Though Habermas's main concern in The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere was to expose what he regarded as the deceptive nature of free institutions in the West, his book had a major effect on the historiography of the French Revolution. According to Habermas, a variety of factors resulted in the eventual decay of the public sphere, including the growth of a commercial mass media, which turned the critical public into a passive consumer public; and the welfare state, which merged the state with society so thoroughly that the public sphere was squeezed out. It also turned the "public sphere" into a site of self-interested contestation for the resources of the state rather than a space for the development of a public- minded rational consensus.
|
|
He was also marked with the 2011 Jellaz Affair which ended with the execution of Manoubi Djardjar in Bab Saadoun, where he noticed the hostility and mocking laughter of preponderants. The exiles and repression following the Tramway boycott aiming to protest against the Jellaz issue, soon created an atmosphere of revolt and contestation. The year 1913 was for Bourguiba an important one: Working harder on his studies, he obtained his Certificat d'études primaires which dispensed him of military servitude by order of a beylical decree and to the grand relief of his father. Not only did his son avoid his fate just like his other sons, but he was also permitted to pursue his education in the Sadiki College, receiving financial coverage for his studies, which included "shelter, food, clothing, school supplies and even free hammam every 15 days for six years" until he graduated.
|
|
Concurrently and in spite of his strong contestation within the party, Sánchez suggested delaying the PSOE leadership election until a new government was formed or a new election was held, with critics claiming that the election should be held "when it is due". All three PP, Podemos and C's took advantage of the growing rebellion within the PSOE to force Sánchez into the negotiating table. Pablo Iglesias questioned that people within the PSOE "wouldn't allow Pedro be prime minister", noting that Sánchez "does not control" the party, while warning of the dangers of a hypothetical "three-way grand coalition" between PP, PSOE and C's that Podemos would oppose. Rivera pointed out that his party was waiting "for [the PSOE] to solve its internal affairs", whereas the PP reaffirmed its claim to lead the next Spanish government by seeking a multy-party pact with PSOE and C's.
|
|
Carbon trading schemes have tended to reward the heaviest polluters with 'windfall profits' when they are granted enough carbon credits to match historic production. Expensive long-term structural changes will not be made if there are cheaper sources of carbon credits which are often available from less developed countries, where they may be generated by local polluters at the expense of local communities. Alt URL Research by Preston Teeter and Jorgen Sandberg has shown that the flexibility, and thus complexity, inherent in cap and trade schemes has resulted in a great deal of policy uncertainty surrounding these schemes. Such uncertainty has beset such schemes in Australia, Canada, China, the EU, India, Japan, New Zealand, and the US. As a result of this uncertainty, organizations have little incentive to innovate and comply, resulting in an ongoing battle of stakeholder contestation for the past two decades.
|
|
The kingdom was also at the center of an extensive Central African trade network in which it traded and produced large quantities of ivory, as well as manufacturing copperware, raffia cloth, and pottery, along with other natural resources (The eastern region of the Congo [such as the province of Katanga] is particularly rich in mineral resources, especially diamonds). These trade goods would also form, in addition to slaves, the backbone of the Kongo's trade with Europeans (primarily the Portuguese), upon their arrival. The aforementioned slave trade was to be a significant factor in bringing about the end of Kongo, as the elites of the kingdom allowed European slave traders to eliminate a significant percentage of the population. When King Álvaro I, came to the throne in an environment of contestation in 1568, he immediately had to fight invaders from the east (who some authorities believe were actually rebels within the country, either peasants or discontented nobles) called the "Jagas".
|
|
Janine Alexandre-Derbay, 67-year-old senator of the Republican Party (PR), initiated a hunger strike to protest against the complete absence of women on the governmental majority's electoral lists in Paris. This new, relative feminisation of power was partly explained by Giscard's government's fears of being confronted with another May 1968 and the influence of the MLF: "We can therefore explain the birth of state feminism under the pressure of contest feminism [féminisme de contestation]", wrote Christine Bard. Although the far- left remained indifferent to the feminisation of power, in 1974, Arlette Laguiller became the first woman to present herself at a presidential election (for the Trotskyist party Workers' Struggle, LO), and integrated feminist propositions in her party. Giscard's achievements concerning the inclusion of women in government has been qualified by Françoise Giroud as his most important feat, while others, such as Evelyne Surrot, Benoîte Groult or the minister Monique Pelletier, denounced electoral "alibis".
|
|
R. F. Kerr), Volume XXI (London: Kegan Paul 1932), pp. 329-331. A beneficial side-effect of the Bishop's frequent absences was that Piacenza did not fall under subordination (suffragan status) to any of the neighboring metropolitanates. The Council of Trent had decreed that every bishop should attend regular provincial synods, and that those bishops who were directly dependent upon the Holy See (the pope) should choose a provincial synod to attend. Cardinal Carlo Borromeo of Milan was especially enthusiastic for Tridentine reform, and held frequent diocesan and provincial synods, inviting the bishops of Piacenza to the latter. They either attended under the stipulation that no suffragan status was implied or created,Bishop Paolo Burali attended the 2nd provincial synod in 1569, and left the following subscription in the Acts of the synod: Praemissa contestation libertate meae et Ecclesiae meae tamquam Episcopus exemptus et non subiectus, sed iure electionis tantum ex praescripto s.
|
|
The party was established in July 1962 by a group of mostly English-educated Chinese businessmen, with the leaders largely from Kuching and Sibu.Haruhiro Fukui (1985) Political parties of Asia and the Pacific, Greenwood Press, p774 Based on the Malayan Chinese Association, its membership was limited to ethnic Chinese residents of Sarawak and the aim of its founders was to present a less radical Chinese viewpoint than that offered by the Sarawak United Peoples' Party (SUPP). A member of the Sarawak branch of the Alliance Party,Justus M. Kroef (2012) Communism in Malaysia and Singapore: A Contemporary Survey, Springer it won a single seat in the 1969 general elections, and two of the three seats it contested in the 1970 state elections.Faisal S. Hazis (2012) Domination and Contestation: Muslim Bumiputera Politics in Sarawak, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, p283 The party was dissolved in 1973 as a result of an agreement between the Alliance and the SUPP.
|
|
The Ensemble l’Itinéraire is one of the main European ensembles dedicated to the performance of contemporary music, known in particular for its performances of spectral music works. Spectral music alters “timbres by assembling orchestral masses.”Griffiths, p. 249. Based in Paris, the ensemble was founded in January 1973 by Michaël Lévinas, Tristan Murail, Hugues Dufourt, Gérard Grisey and Roger Tessier.“… the question of timbre, though it is rigorously tackled by Schönberg (in his theory of the ‘melody of timbres’) and above all by Webern, nevertheless has pre-serial origins, especially in Debussy — in this regard a ‘founding father’ of the same rank as Schönberg. […] Later, it also provided the grounds for the break with Boulez’s ‘structural’ orientations and the contestation of the legacy of serialism which was carried out by the French group L’Itinéraire (Gérard Grisey, Michaël Levinas, Tristan Murail ...).” Badiou, p. 82. Michael Levinas is the son of the philosopher Emmanuel Levinas.
|
|
Bakhtin explains that primary genres undergo a more or less thorough process of contestation and resolution within the secondary work they constitute and "enter into actual reality only via the [work] as a whole, that is, as a literary-artistic event and not as everyday life" (62). "As a rule, these secondary genres of complex cultural communication play out various forms of primary speech communication" (Bakhtin 98). Even as a work permits and enacts dialogization between characters, conventional forms, and semantic content, it resolves or "finalizes" that content into a "wholeness" of utterance, which is intelligible to readers, and therefore "guarantee[s] the possibility of response (or of responsive understanding)" (76). Through the finalization of disparate conventional and thematic strands, a work achieves the fullness of what Bakhtin calls its "specific authorial intent," Milton's "speech plan" or "speech will" for his work, and readies itself for responsive understanding (reception, interpretation) on the part of readers (77).
|
|
The grave of Friedrich Tiedemann Tiedemann devoted himself to the study of natural science, and, upon moving to Paris, France, became an ardent follower of Georges Cuvier. On his return to Germany he maintained the claims of patient and sober anatomical research against the prevalent speculations of the school of Lorenz Oken, whose foremost antagonist he was long reckoned. His remarkable studies of the development of the human brain, as correlated with his father's studies on the development of intelligence, deserve mention. Tiedemann was one of the first persons to make a scientific contestation of racism. In his article entitled "On the Brain of the Negro, compared with that of the European and the Orang-outang" (1836), he argued based on craniometric and brain measures taken by him from Europeans and black men from different parts of the world that the then-common European belief that Negroes have smaller brains and are thus intellectually inferior is scientifically unfounded and based merely on the prejudice of travellers and explorers.. Tiedemann was heavily criticized in medical journals at the time, including by Andrew Comb, Remarks on the Fallacy of Professor Tiedemann, Eclectic Journal of Medicine (1838).Mitchell, P.W. (2018).
|
|
Feeling pressured by the international conjuncture dictated by the imminent victory of the allies during World War II, and susceptible to internal pressure and contestation, President Getúlio Vargas cranked up a stratagem to liberate the New State. With that, the political framework that had been erected under auspicious democrats saw a new political college emerge. On April 8, 1945, the Social Democratic Party (PSD) was created in Minas Gerais and was controlled by Benedito Valadares, who had been nominated as federal intervener of Minas Gerais on December 15, 1933. He governed until Getúlio Vargas was deposed on October 29, 1945. His fall opened way to the elections for president of the republic and for members of the National Constituent Assembly on December 2 of the same year. The Assembly proclaimed the new Constitution on September 18, 1946. Once the Constitution was in force, there were elections for state governor and members of the National Congress and state legislature in January, 1947. Neves was elected Minas Gerais' state representative by Benedito Valadare's PSD, and was designated as one of the spokesmen of the state Constitution of Minas Gerais.
|
|
According to Rajah's Facebook post on the eve of opening, the fifth COVID-19 budget statement by Heng a week prior on the 17th was meant "the best option" and ensuring MPs, businesses and workers proper clarification on the Government's plans before the opening. During the opening, President of Singapore Halimah Yacob mentioned on her address that the start of the term was "under the shadow of COVID-19" with the situation "remain grave for some time", while the rise of the fourth-generation (4G) cabinet was meant "to take Singapore the next steps forward". Speaker Tan mentioned that the 12-member opposition representation along with Singh's role as the Leader of the Opposition was meant for "contestation", but warned about "polarisation and division" which could cause short-termism and populism if triggered. On 2 September, Prime Minister Lee revealed on a live broadcast message in Parliament on the decision to open the 14th Parliament early, due to the urgency on dealing COVID-19 and the economy, while praising the current situation on mitigating the infection rate and healthcare, and mentioned that implementing a "Circuit Breaker" for two months was a big move and was successful.
|
|