The fruit is a dark red pome diameter, slightly broader than long, containing two or three nutlets. Crataegus laevigata (fruits) It is distinguished from the closely related common hawthorn, C. monogyna, in the leaves being only shallowly lobed, with forward- pointing lobes, and in the flowers having more than one style. Each style produces a seed, so its fruits also have more than one seed and these make them slightly oval, in contrast with the single-seeded and therefore round fruits of common hawthorn. The two species hybridise, giving rise to C. × media.
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In the Basque language, elorrio is the word for the red fruit (haw) of the common hawthorn. The Basque word elorri means "hawthorn". The coat of arms of the town shows a hawthorn. Colloquially, the town was called Elorrixo in Basque.
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In the past, midland hawthorn was widely but incorrectly known by the name C. oxyacantha, a name that has now been rejected as being of uncertain application. In 1753 Linnaeus introduced the name C. oxyacantha for the single species of which he was aware, but described it in such a way that the name became used for various species, including both the midland and the common hawthorn. In 1775 Jacquin formally separated the common hawthorn, naming it C. monogyna,Jacquin, N.J. 1775. Florae Austriacae sive Plantarum Selectarum in Austriæ archiducatu: sponte crescentium icones, ad vivum coloratæ, et descriptionibus, ac synonymis illustratæ.
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The thorn on Wearyall Hill, before its branches were cut off by vandals in 2010. Glastonbury Tor is in the background. The Glastonbury thorn is a form of common hawthorn, Crataegus monogyna 'Biflora'Phipps, J.B.; O’Kennon, R.J.; Lance, R.W. 2003. Hawthorns and medlars.
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Crataegus monogyna, known as common hawthorn, oneseed hawthorn, or single- seeded hawthorn, is a species of flowering plant in the rose family Rosaceae. It is native to Europe, northwest Africa and West Asia but has been introduced in many other parts of the world.
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The name "hawthorn" was originally applied to the species native to northern Europe, especially the common hawthorn C. monogyna, and the unmodified name is often so used in Britain and Ireland. The name is now also applied to the entire genus and to the related Asian genus Rhaphiolepis.
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Linnaeus introduced the name Crataegus oxyacantha for a species of Northern European Hawthorn and the name gradually became used for several similar species which were assumed to be the same, particularly the Midland Hawthorn C. laevigata and the Common Hawthorn C. monogyna. In 1946 Dandy showed that Linnaeus had actually observed and described a single-styled species similar to the Common Hawthorn, and the Midland Hawthorn was effectively a later discovery. However, Byatt showed that confusion over the true identity of C. oxyacantha remained, and the name was formally rejected as ambiguous by the International Botanical Congress.. More recently, Christensen concluded that the species studied by Linnaeus matches C. rhipidophylla Gand., a relatively rare species.
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The principal crop plants in Lithuania are rye, wheat, oats, barley, peas, potatoes, sugar beet, and flax. About 46% of the country is covered by cropland. In addition to these major crops, various mushroom species are harvested; several species of berries are harvested, sometimes from the wild; and Common Hawthorn, Thyme, and Hypericum are important medicinal species.
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Dasineura crataegi, the hawthorn button-top gall-midge, is a dipteran gall- midge. It causes the hawthorn button-top gall, which develops in the terminal shoots of common hawthorn, Crataegus monogyna Jacq., Midland hawthorn C laevigata (Poir.) DC and their hybrid, C × media Bechst.Stubbs, Page 23Redfern, Page 315 Synonyms are Perrisia crataegi and Cecidomyia crataegi (Winnertz, 1853).
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Hortus third: A concise dictionary of plants cultivated in the United States and Canada. Macmillan, New York. Seed germination is improved if the pyrenes that contain the seed are subjected to extensive drying at room temperature, before stratification.Bujarska- Borkowska, B. (2002) Breaking of seed dormancy, germination and seedling emergence of the common hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna Jacq.). Dendrobiology.
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The wingspan is 10–13 mm. Adults are on wing from the May to August in one generation per year. The larvae feed on midland hawthorn (Crataegus laevigata) and common hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna). There are unconfirmed records for blackthorn (Prunus spinosa), European plum (Prunus domestica) and apple (Malus species), although there may be confusion with other species.
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Common hawthorn is extensively planted as a hedge plant, especially for agricultural use. Its spines and close branching habit render it effectively stock- and human-proof, with some basic maintenance. The traditional practice of hedge laying is most commonly practised with this species. It is a good fire wood which burns with a good heat and little smoke.
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Oak and ash are the predominant species in the wood. There are frequent silver birch, field maple, hazel and common hawthorn. Mammals include mole, shrew, dormouse, bank vole, woodmouse, grey squirrel, weasel, fox, as well as various bat species. Species of bat which can be found in the wood including the pipistrelle bat, serotine bat, Natterer's bat, noctule bat and long-eared bat.
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It feeds on the ground, and low down in bushes, its food mainly consisting of seeds, which it also feeds to its chicks. It likes small to medium-sized seeds from most arable weeds, knotgrass, dock), crucifers (including charlock, shepherd's purse), chickweeds, dandelions, thistle, sow-thistle, mayweed, common groundsel, common hawthorn and birch. They have a small component of Invertebrates in their diet.
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Many species and hybrids are used as ornamental and street trees. The common hawthorn is extensively used in Europe as a hedge plant. During the British Agricultural Revolution in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, hawthorn saplings were mass propagated in nurseries to create the new field boundaries required by the Inclosure Acts.Williamson, Tom (2013), An Environmental History of Wildlife in England 1650 – 1950 Bloomsbury Academic, (p.
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The Arbutus menziesii (Pacific madrone) is a large broadleaf evergreen species. Large deciduous trees are Populus balsamifera (black cottonwood), Acer macrophyllum (bigleaf maple), Alnus rubra (red alder), and Quercus garryana (Garry oak). Small deciduous species include Prunus emarginata (bitter cherry), Rhamnus purshiana (cascara), Malus fusca (Pacific crabapple), Cornus nuttallii (Pacific dogwood), Populus tremuloides (quaking aspen), Acer glabrum (Douglas maple), Crataegus monogyna (common hawthorn) and Salix lucida (Pacific willow).
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Trees held an important place in Gaelic culture from the earliest times. Particularly large trees were venerated, and the most valuable such as oak, Common Hazel and Apple were classed as "nobles". The less important Common Alder, Common Hawthorn and Gean were classed as "commoners", and there were "lower orders" and "slaves" such as Eurasian Aspen and Juniper. The alphabet was learned as a mnemonic using tree names.
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Hethel is noted for containing the oldest known living hawthorn tree in East Anglia and possibly in the United Kingdom (reputed to be more than 700 years old). Planted in the 13th century, "Hethel Old Thorn" (a specimen of Common Hawthorn, Crataegus monogyna) is in the village churchyard, which is classified as the smallest reserve under the care of the British Wildlife Trusts partnership.. The name 'Hethel' is derived from the older name 'Het Hill'.
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A specimen of common hawthorn found at Glastonbury, first mentioned in an early sixteenth century anonymous metrical Lyfe of Joseph of Arimathea, was unusual in that it flowered twice in a year, once as normal on "old wood" in spring, and once on "new wood" (the current season's matured new growth) in the winter. This tree has been widely propagated by grafting or cuttings, with the cultivar name 'Biflora' or 'Praecox'.Lance et al., p.
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The site is important as an example of a species rich downland habitat. This type of habitat has been reduced across the country because of changes in agricultural practice. The site is notable for (in the grassland areas) Festuca ovina (sheep's fescue), Avenula pratensis (meadow oat-grass), Brachypodium pinnatum (tor-grass), and Polyommatus bellargus (Adonis Blue) - a nationally scarce species of butterfly, and in the scrub areas, Crataegus monogyna (common hawthorn), and Hedera helix (ivy).
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Coleophora trigeminella is a moth of the family Coleophoridae. It is found in most of Europe, except Ireland, the Balkan Peninsula and the Mediterranean islands. The larvae feed on snowy mespilus (Amelanchier ovalis), Cotoneaster, midland hawthorn (Crataegus laevigata), common hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna), European crab apple (Malus sylvestris), wild cherry (Prunus avium), blackthorn (Prunus spinosa), common whitebeam (Sorbus aria) and rowan (Sorbus aucuparia). They create a reddish-brown, tubular silken case of 5–6 mm.
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Numerous hybrids exist, some of which are used as garden shrubs. The most widely used hybrid is C. × media (C. monogyna × C. laevigata), of which several cultivars are known, including the very popular 'Paul's Scarlet' with dark pink double flowers. Other garden shrubs that have sometimes been suggested as possible hybrids involving the common hawthorn, include the various-leaved hawthorn of the Caucasus, which is only very occasionally found in parks and gardens.
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The life cycle lasts two years. The larvae develop under the loose bark, especially of oaks, aspens or apple trees. They are polyphagous wood borers in deciduous trees (Quercus, Pyrus, Acer, Fraxinus, Populus, Malus, Cornus etc.) They overwinter and pupate the following spring. The adult beetles can be found from April to August feeding on pollen of valerians (Valeriana species), common hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna), elderberry (Sambucus species), sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa) and European pear (Pyrus communis).
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The island has a very rich fauna and flora. In the dunes we find common hawthorn, the common sea-buckthorn, honeysuckle; on the marshes sea lavender, sea wormwood, sea aster and glasswort. On the whole island lichens and mushrooms can be found, as well as many species of insects. On the marshes and tidal flats thousands of birds occur, such as common redshank, barnacle goose, spoonbill, hen harrier, oystercatcher, red knot, bar-tailed godwit, curlew and European herring gull.
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Crataegus monogyna 'Crimson Cloud' in Elko, Nevada The "haws" or fruits of the common hawthorn, C. monogyna, are edible, but the flavor has been compared to over- ripe apples. In the United Kingdom, they are sometimes used to make a jelly or homemade wine.Wright, John (2010), Hedgerow: River Cottage Handbook Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, (pp. 73–74) The leaves are edible, and if picked in spring when still young, are tender enough to be used in salads.
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It is also sometimes called mother-die (especially in the UK), a name that is also applied to the common hawthorn. It is native to Europe, western Asia and northwestern Africa; in the south of its range in the Mediterranean region, it is limited to higher altitudes. It is related to other diverse members of Apiaceae, such as parsley, carrot, hemlock and hogweed. It is often confused with Daucus carota which is known as Queen Anne's lace or wild carrot, also a member of the Apiaceae.
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The scrubby level is represented with elmleaf blackberry, common hawthorn, evergreen rose, common ivy and italian leather flower. Moreover, the herbal level is dominated among other by wild asparagus, hedge bedstraw, lesser celandine and purple loosestrife. Posidonia oceanica is mostly distributed along the littoral sea bottom, from the Stillo Cap to Cuka Channel, while cymodocea nodosa and zostera noltei are widely found along the mouth of Pavllo River. Along the cliffs, the salinity and rocky terrain have caused the decreased or poor the floristic composition.
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Procyanidin B2 is a B type proanthocyanidin. Its structure is (−)-Epicatechin-(4β→8)-(−)-epicatechin. Procyanidin B2 can be found in Cinchona pubescens (Chinchona: in the rind, bark, and cortex), in Cinnamomum verum (Ceylon cinnamon: in the rind, bark, and cortex), in Crataegus monogyna (Common hawthorn: in the flower and blossom), in Uncaria guianensis (Cat's claw: in the root), in Vitis vinifera (Common grape vine: in the leaf),Proanthocyanidin-B2 on liberherbarum.com in Litchi chinensis (litchi: in the pericarp),Immunomodulatory and anticancer activities of flavonoids extracted from litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) pericarp.
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Lake Kronotskoye Kambalny stratovolcano Koryaksky volcano Koryaksky volcano towering over Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky Most of the peninsula is covered with forests of stone birch, while alder and cedar elfin are commonly found at higher altitudes. In central areas, especially in the Kamchatka River valley, widespread forests of larch and spruce can be found. In floodplains, forests grow with fragrant poplar, alder, Chosenia, and Sakhalin willow. In the second tier, undergrowth such as the common hawthorn, Asian cherry, Kamchatka rowan, and shrubs growing Kamchatka elderberries, Kamchatka honeysuckle, meadowsweet, willow shrubs, and many other species.
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In the 2004 reprint of his 2003 book, Meeting the Other Crowd: The Fairy Stories of Hidden Ireland Mr. Lenihan explained his continuing dismay at the rapid loss of Irish cultural heritage and artefacts resulting from industrialisation of rural Ireland. He described his motivation to preserve hill forts, rural dwellings and native plants in the context of general preservation of folkways. He also briefly described how his conservation ethics had come to disagreement with the centralised progressive goals of modernist planners. Common Hawthorn, also known as Whitethorn This had come to international attention in 1999 when Lenihan had stood up to road builders in County Clare who had wanted to cut down a special whitethorn tree.
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" In some countries, finding a coin on the ground, then keeping it is considered to provide the finder with good luck for the rest of the day, a belief reflected in the adage "Find a penny, pick it up, all day long you'll have good luck'. Variants of this superstition include good luck only being given to the finder if the coin is found face up, or bad luck being given to the finder if the coin is picked up when it was lying face down. Common Hawthorn flowers The bridge over the Lowther Water at Askham. Another local custom at Askham is the throwing of coins from the nearby bridge onto a boulder that lies just below the water level of the river.
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It is characterized by the peculiar piscine ("swimming pools"), temporary marshy areas forming in the autumn season due to the accumulation of rainwater, and the lestre, where once the sparse population built their villages. Vegetation includes maquis shrubland, continental species such as Turkish oak, fraxinus and common oak, as well as typical Mediterranean trees including the holm oak, the bay laurel and the cork oak. Understory is also rich, featuring common hawthorn, blackthorn, wild apple, pear and strawberry trees, erica, Ruscus aculeatus and numerous others. The berry vegetation allows the presence of a rich fauna, including boar, fallow deer, hare, european badger, fox, weasel, green whip snake, Natrix maura, land and marsh Testudo, Triturus newt, toad and frog among the others.
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Juvenile in Tasmania. It is greener than an adult. The green rosella is predominantly herbivorous, with the seeds of grasses and trees—especially eucalypts—forming the bulk of its diet; other items eaten include the seed of the soft tree fern (Dicksonia antarctica), cranberry heath (Astroloma humifusum), myrtle beech (Lophozonia cunninghamii), Australian blackwood (Acacia melanoxylon), silver wattle (Acacia dealbata) and buttercups (Ranunculus), berries, nuts and fruit, as well as flowers and new buds of southern sassafras (Atherosperma moschatum), mānuka (Leptospermum scoparium), shining tea-tree (Leptospermum nitidum), swamp honey-myrtle (Melaleuca squamea), Tasmanian bluegum (Eucalyptus globulus), Smithton peppermint (Eucalyptus nitida), messmate stringybark (Eucalyptus obliqua), snow gum (Eucalyptus pauciflora), manna gum (Eucalyptus viminalis), small-fruit hakea (Hakea microcarpa) and native plum (Cenarrhenes nitida). The green rosella has at times partaken of the berries of the common hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna), as well as Coprosma and Cyathodes, and even leaf buds of the common osier (Salix viminalis).
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