495 Sentences With "collectivity" | Random Sentence Generator

It is a way to defend your individuality and collectivity.

These artists explore collectivity and infinity through small, in-between spaces.

St Pierre and Miquelon is what the French call a collectivity.

Participants will explore alternative modes of living and new conceptualizations of collectivity.

"People have a sense of collectivity," Nigerien Interior Minister Mohamed Bazoum told Reuters.

The platform creates an environment of collectivity and solidarity in an otherwise hostile context.

We need to rebuild the safe collectivity of a gay community without judgement or hierarchy.

A big emphasis for the band on this record was in the collectivity of their voices.

But the collectivity we nearly always imply among a public at the theater so rarely manifests.

Crews of b-boys, emcees, DJs, and graffiti artists would show off their skills in rivalrous collectivity.

For a brief time, the people embraced their own agency, creativity, hard work, altruism, collectivity and diversity.

As we're seeing in the United States, mass job loss itself can be damaging to a collectivity.

It was a far cry from the spirit of collectivity that once built the infrastructure of American cities.

Each evinces an independent streak that is at odds with the vision of "collectivity" promulgated by the curators.

"Leaning" is about a kind of unified presence, across space and time, quietly illuminating the power of collectivity.

Along the way, Gropius's successors abandoned the Bauhaus spirit, and substituted the ideal of collectivity for rampant self-branding.

The messages included at the songs' core are still harrowing, but there is something legitimately empowering in this collectivity.

But in politics that collectivity can make it hard for Kenyans from smaller groups to feel included in government.

Structuring it in this manner results in the fabrication of obstacles to solidarity, collectivity and mutual support among artists. III.

It's the archipelago: a global collectivity, indeed, but not so much one of partisan solidarity as one of shared information.

" Amid a discussion about privilege, collectivity, and the strange power of this music, someone comes to a realization: "We're universal beings.

But now, in 2018, this social contract between the nations of the world and Jewish collectivity is tearing apart at the seams.

The teen has been identified as Laurent Mercer, of Wallis and Futuna Islands, a French island collectivity, per South Florida Sun-Sentinel.

"We're used to a combination of autonomy and collectivity as part of our lesbian feminism," says Liz Kelly, 67, who co-founded LOLC.

"Soccer is highly cherished as a sport that boosts solidarity and collectivity, which are crucial elements in North Korean society," said one defector.

The need to accommodate individual dietary preferences in the midst of this celebration of togetherness might seem to undermine this spirit of collectivity.

Le Pen is now due to travel to French overseas collectivity Saint-Pierre and Miquelon, an archipelago located off the coast of Newfoundland.

By engaging the ties of a coincidental community, the artists in this show lean into the negotiations of collectivity, production, friendship, and care.

Like many filmmakers who emerged during this time, he decried social backwardness, championed labor rights, emphasized collectivity, and honored both popular and folk culture.

"People are not waiting anymore — they don't wait for institutions to do it, they don't wait for the collectivity to do it," he said.

Now is a time to speak against these trends and for our Jewish collectivity to be recognized and defended by those in leadership positions.

It seems worth stressing that the singularity of love also involves a form of collectivity — even if it's just a primitive communism of two.

While there is a tendency to exclusively portray the noble aspects of queer collectivity, pride is more truthfully tinged with shame, exclusion, and erasure.

By the mid-238s, dancing began to rise as form of resistance, as a way to bring the community together collectivity and to raise money.

The works in this exhibition highlight moments of mourning, but also thankfully, joyful moments of faith and collectivity that continue in the face of traumas.

In its simultaneous celebration of collectivity and compositional vision, it represents an extension of precepts espoused by the Association for the Advancement of Creative Musicians.

They see hope in protecting ourselves from the malevolent forces pushing us away from collectivity and towards our own individuality, by simply removing its influence.

The works in this exhibition revealed how artists struggled to find their individual voices against the forced collectivity imposed on them by Communist state party doctrine.

On the far right, they try to force us out of our countries; on the far left they try to force us out of our collectivity.

The relationship between Kippenberger and the audience ("you") thus forms an invisible ideological network premised on a utopian — and inevitably impossible — system of collectivity and inclusiveness.

St. Barts, about 21.14 miles east of Puerto Rico, is a semiautonomous collectivity of France, with about 21,2600 residents and strong French influence on its culture.

This collectivity has helped ensure that K-pop fan bases both at home and abroad are absolutely massive, and intense to a degree that's hard to overstate.

More than 2350,0003 miles from France and its struggles with terrorism and cultural identity, the islands are a self-governing "overseas collectivity" bound by the French Constitution.

The Saudi artists explore this in a variety of ways, including mixed-media installations, videos, and performances that incorporate collectivity, while attempting to engage with local Saudi audiences.

Mercer, from the Wallis and Futuna Islands — a French island collectivity in the South Pacific — was on the seven-day cruise with his family, the Sun-Sentinel reported.

Maarten The 87-square kilometer island is split roughly in half between the French overseas collectivity of St. Martin, and St. Maarten, a constituent country of the Netherlands.

In recent years, we have seen that this effortlessly shifts into ancient anti-Semitic motifs, especially in Europe, and singles out Jewish collectivity from all peoples on earth.

We ask for nothing more than full equality and respect, to be both a loyal and dependable citizen and an open and proud member of the Jewish collectivity.

This would be the day in which the Libertarian Party surfaced out of the collectivity of the benign unconscious and rose to be an agency in the world.

"There is a rigorous collectivity to this work that is strenuously un-American in a way that is both exciting and disturbing," said Ross Beschler, a HotHouse member.

A small yet mighty exhibition, Fragments of a Crucifixion highlights moments of mourning, as well as joyful moments of faith and collectivity that continue in the face of traumas.

He points out the freewheeling nature of remix culture — the thriving interplay of creativity and collectivity online — while also expressing anger at the toxicity this free playground can engender.

Tracks that might otherwise stew in their malaise—like the four-on-the-floor fanfare of "Blackout" or the seasick "Nkisi (Edit)"—barrel forward with the energy of collectivity.

Given the inherent collectivity of the Lost experience, I knew if I fell behind schedule a week, I ran the risk of hearing a plot twist before I was ready.

The tropes in the work come out of another collectivity: of Asian or Islamic art, religiously inspired art, ideas about the co-evolution of man and nature, and archaic structures.

Along the way, Gropius's successors abandoned the Bauhaus spirit for the ability to work on projects at a monumental scale, and substituted the ideal of collectivity for rampant self-branding.

The single most important thing that can happen right now in this pandemic is that we feel our collectivity — that we're really here to help each other move through this.

Crucially the "targeting of the state of Israel, conceived as a Jewish collectivity" counts as anti-Semitism, leading some to complain that it is suggesting that anti-Semitism 'equals' anti-Zionism.

The spirit of collectivity was also in evidence at this year's Booker Prize for English-language fiction, which was jointly awarded to Canadian Margaret Atwood and Briton Bernardine Evaristo in October.

However, the wage hike also led to a 9-percent reduction in the number of hours worked — that resulted in a 6-percent decline in collectivity pay for those low-wage workers.

ICA, alongside many contemporary museums and cultural organization nationwide, will continue to make space for discourse and collectivity, for dissent and for the imaginary, for reflection and for action, on January 20th and beyond.

In our workplaces, we should continue to organize so that we can engage our employers with the leveraging power of collectivity to make our workplaces safer, our paychecks fairer, and our stress levels lower.

The National Front, Eribon argued, had staged a kind of transference, replacing the sense of collective belonging provided by the Communist Party ("we the workers") with the collectivity of the nation ("we the French").

To navigate TRAMPOLINE: Resilience & Black Body & Soul is to wander into three floors of #BlackGirlMagic, accompanied by a vast range of material, narratives, and experiments with the aesthetics of Black diasporic collectivity and spirituality.

It's not about turning chemsex sessions into groups focused on raising consciousness, but about thinking about a need for collectivity and being together in a highly emotive way in a political moment where that's generally not happening.

Nine short films created by members of the approximately 30-member collective ("karrabing" means both "low tide" in the Emmiyengal language and a form of collectivity that exists outside an official government) are included in the show.

In each of its forms, it has concentrated on consolidating its own power and on punishing and discrediting anything that might threaten it — that is, any inkling of the revolutionary spirit of agency, altruism, collectivity and creativity.

St. Martin, an 87-square kilometer island split roughly in half between the French overseas collectivity of St. Martin and St. Maarten, a constituent country of the Netherlands, has suffered property damage and power outages due to Irma.

The pivotal moment in Pacific archaeological history happened in 1952, when a team of researchers found a cache of dentate-stamped pots at a place called Lapita in New Caledonia, a French collectivity to the southwest of Vanuatu.

It is civil society, those elements of the collectivity that lie outside government: family, neighborhood, church, Rotary club, PTA, the voluntary associations that [ Alexis de ] Tocqueville understood to be the genius of America and source of its energy and freedom.

With featured guest spots from the rapper and multi-instrumentalist Sen Morimoto and the harpist Brandee Younger—along with a host of other players in Miller's orbit—it's a tribute to the power of collectivity and the joy of letting go.

As Mr. Hutchings spreads his wings, he is presenting an opportunity for listeners to fall in love with a sound that's got the timeless assets of jazz — rebellion, collectivity, emotive abstraction — but doesn't feel weighed down by its own past.

The work that followed — much of which is being shown as part of the Migrating Forms festival at the Brooklyn Academy of Music, beginning March 24 — combines documentary, fiction, essay, and abstraction to explore ideas about identity and the collectivity of black life.

Her impulse to create engaged and protected spaces extends to a collective in the Catskills she belongs to, in which food production, collectivity, and art production come together on preserved acreage away from the art world's centers and against the tidal wave of gentrification.

"The Unwanted" draws on stories of individual refugees from films, news outlets, blogs, Unicef — it has a particular focus on children — to weave together short vignettes (all sourced in its conclusion) in a spare style as a way of presenting a wide collectivity of voices.

Our National Mall rightly reflects our diversity and our collectivity -- our unique twin strengths as a nation that for too long have been hidden behind the marble statues of generals, and the museums that once heralded the achievement of only a white elite male minority.

Dialogues on Memory and Desire retraces and learns from the models of collectivity and organizing developed by artists, designers, and cultural producers in the past and present as a lens to understand the contemporary moment and explore how can we re-imagine a vibrant and inclusive future.

In that sense, Amazon's appropriation of a landmark dedicated to "Man's Achievements on a Shrinking Globe in an Expanding Universe" is fitting, reshuffling forces inextricable from the symbol's history: steel orbital rings now gesturing toward circuits of commodity exchange, capitalist domination decisively privileged over global collectivity.

Kabakov's "The Great Axis," which in 1984 reflected the polyphonic voice of the Soviet collectivity internalized by the artist, is made disturbingly relevant today by the unstoppable chatter of Facebook, Twitter, online blogs, web forums and other media creating the constant verbal noise of our lives.

Both due to this real life high drama and the way that clubs have culturally become portentous symbols for populism and collectivity, a number of films have also set climactic conflicts in these locales—bathing police officers in blinding neon and setting loose clubgoers in controlled chaos.

It means that Takakura wants to complement Japan's well-honed possession style of short, triangular passing — sometimes compared to Barcelona's tiki-taka brand — with a new freedom for players to express their individualism in a country, and a team, that more often has prized the collectivity of the group.

I am in awe at the communal collectivity that exists there, the way we now gather online to celebrate wins, like "Moonlight" at the Oscars, and grieve and share anger over unnecessary deaths like that of Jordan Edwards, and express outrage over policies like the Muslim travel ban.

"If you look at the political environment of the 60s, it was all about about social work and collectivity, and the role of the health worker was instrumental in getting self-harm recognized at home," explains Chris Millard of QMUL and author of A History of Self-Harm in Britain.

Crosscutting mostly found footage to the sound of Kanye West's gospel-based "Ultralight Beam," the piece formed a seven-minute exegesis on black life in America: the trauma of police violence; the support of black collectivity; the destructiveness of poverty and oppression and the sustaining strength of black culture, especially music.

The idea of collectivity and the emphasis on transnational topics in European post-socialist art are exemplified by Claire Bishop's essay about the exhibition Monument to Transformation (organized by the City Art Gallery in Prague in 2000) which connected the post-communist condition in Central Europe to other political transitions across the world.

This is not to say that there isn't a conceptual rigor to his work — the sculptures, photographs, and installations on view speak to our shared and individual experiences of space; to collectivity and community; ritual and healing — but Neto's material resourcefulness strikes us first, perhaps because it stimulates such intrinsically human desires: to be swaddled and held.

Several chapters in the publication talk directly to the practice of socially engaged art, self-documenting, archiving, as well as collectivity (a philosophical notion that emphasizes topics and activities which promote cohesiveness among individual entities, resulting in the formation of a network) — characterizing these modes as particular for European post-socialist art systems before and after the momentous fall of the Berlin Wall.

If Chaos Lounge initially idealized the sense of collectivity and utopianism signified by the internet in the 2000s, the Tohoku earthquake and tsunami in 2011 served as a wake-up call; within a year of issuing their 2010 manifesto decrying Japanese art's failure to produce an innovative movement to follow Murakami's Superflat, they had already changed focus and begun to criticize some in the otaku community for their evasive, apathetic attitude toward the disaster.

Korean Chung Hyun Kyung, for example, shared how Confusionism informed her understanding of God; Hong Kong-born postcolonial theologist Kwok Pui-lan asked what it would look like to imagine Jesus in the diverse images of the women present; Ghanaian, Methodist theologian Mercy Amba Oduyoye described how mutual care and collectivity could help overcome missionary mentalities; and American Beverly Wildung Harrison envisioned informing Christian ethics from women's perspectives in order to start grappling with modern moral quandaries around animal rights, reproductive justice, poverty, and racism.

French overseas collectivity of Saint Barthélemy The following is an alphabetical list of topics related to the French overseas collectivity of Saint Barthélemy.

French overseas collectivity of Saint Martin The following is an alphabetical list of topics related to the French overseas collectivity of Saint Martin.

French territorial collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon The following is a list of the islands of the French territorial collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon.

French territorial collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon The following is an alphabetical list of topics related to the French territorial collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon.

The location of Saint Barthélemy An enlargeable map of the French Overseas Collectivity of Saint Barthélemy The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Saint Barthelemy: The Collectivity of Saint Barthélemy is an overseas collectivity of France located in the Leeward Islands in the Caribbean Sea. Also known as Saint Barth in French, or St. Barts in English, the collectivity is one of the four French territories in the Leeward Islands that comprise the French West Indies, and it is the only one to have historically been a Swedish colony.

Marigot is the main town and capital in the French Collectivity of Saint Martin.

There is no maritime boundary between Anguilla and the separate collectivity of Saint Barthélemy.

L'Hymne à St.-Barthélemy (Hymn to Saint Barthelemy) is the unofficial song of the collectivity of Saint Barthélemy. As a French overseas collectivity, the official national anthem is La Marseillaise. It was created in 1999 by Michael Valenti, with lyrics by Isabelle Massart Déravin.

The latent collectivity of this subjectivity frees the monadological artwork from the accidentalness of its individuation.

The flag of France is the official flag of Saint Barthélemy. Saint Barthélemy (), officially the ,Territorial Collectivity of Saint-Barthélemy is an overseas collectivity of France in the Caribbean. Often abbreviated to St- Barth in French, and St. Barths or St. Barts in English,R. P. Raymond BRETON.

A single territorial collectivity ( unique) is a chartered subdivision of France that exerts both the powers of a region and a department. This status has been introduced in Mayotte in 2011, in Guiana and Martinique in 2015, and in Corsica in 2018. Alsace will become a European Collectivity () in 2021. The nature of a French single territorial collectivity is set forth in Article 72 of the French Constitution of 1958, which provides for local autonomy within limits prescribed by law.

The European Collectivity of Alsace (; ) is a future single territorial collectivity in the Alsace region of France. On 1 January 2021, the departments of Bas-Rhin and Haut-Rhin will merge into a single territorial collectivity but will remain part of the region Grand-Est. The creation of this new entity was voted by the French Parliament on 25 July 2019 and Law 2019-816 delimiting its powers was promulgated on 2 August 2019. Alsatian voters had already voted in favour of the creation of a single territorial collectivity in a referendum in 2013; however, in the less populous of the two departments, Haut-Rhin, a majority of voters had rejected the proposal.

Blowing Point Ferry Terminal facing the Anguilla Channel The Anguilla Channel () is a strait in the Caribbean Sea. It separates the island of Anguilla (a British Overseas Territory) in the north from the Collectivity of Saint Martin, an overseas collectivity of France on the island of Saint Martin, in the south.

Pic Paradis or Pic du Paradis (Paradise Peak in English) is the highest point in a chain of hills in the Collectivity of Saint Martin, an overseas collectivity of France on the island of Saint Martin, located in the Caribbean, with an elevation of , making it the highest point on the island.

Territorial elections to elect the Corsican Assembly were held on 3 and 10 December as a result of the creation of a single collectivity replacing the existing departments of Haute-Corse and Corse-du- Sud and the existing territorial collectivity of Corsica on 1 January 2018. While the creation of a territorial collectivity was rejected by voters in Corsica in a 2003 referendum, the 42 of 51 members of the Corsican Assembly voted in support of a proposal to create a single territorial collectivity on 12 December 2014, with the support of the national government. The initiative was pushed by nationalists on the island, who won a majority of seats in the 2015 territorial elections, who argued that the division of Corsica into separate departments produced "nests of clientelism". While the duration of the term of the assembly is usually six years, the elections will be held early on the occasion of the creation of the single collectivity, with the territorial elections still planned for 2021.

New Caledonia is a special-status collectivity of France, divided administratively into three provinces. Each has its own official flag.

Territorial Council elections were held in the French overseas collectivity of Saint Martin on 18 March and 25 March 2012.

Martinique is an overseas Territorial collectivity of France, with the same political status as regions and departments in mainland France. The administrative centre of Martinique is located in Fort-de-France. During the referendum of 24 January 2010, the residents of Martinique approved by 68.4% the creation of a new and unique territorial collectivity which is governed by the section 73 of the French Constitution. The territorial collectivity of Martinique replaces and exercises all the related power and duties of the department's General Council and the Regional Council.

Emilio Bigi (July 1, 1910 - May 28, 1969) was the son of Elisa Bigi, from the Italian collectivity in this country.

The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have reached the French overseas collectivity of Wallis and Futuna on 16 October 2020.

French subdivisions that have a (limited) freedom of administration are called territorial collectivities. Among them are regions, departments, communes, overseas collectivities, provinces (only present in New Caledonia) and the territorial collectivity of Corsica which belongs to no category (but is usually grouped with the regions). New Caledonia is unique as it is not a territorial collectivity.

Corse-du-Sud (; , or also ; ) is an administrative department of France consisting of the southern part of the island of Corsica. The corresponding departmental territorial collectivity merged with that of Haute-Corse on 1 January 2018, forming the single territorial collectivity of Corsica, coinciding with territorial elections. The people living in Corse-du-Sud are called "Southerners" (Suttanacci).

His definition of optimality is given in Chap. VI: > We will say that the members of a collectivity enjoy a maximum of ophelimity > [ie. of utility] at a certain position when it is impossible to move a small > step away such that the ophelimity enjoyed by each individual in the > collectivity increases, or such that it diminishes.

Collectivity and empathy are further developed by having students participate in restorative justice circles in administering roles such as mediators or jurors.

180px Saint Martin An enlargeable map of the French Overseas Collectivity of Saint Martin Saint Martin The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Saint Martin: The Collectivity of Saint Martin () is an overseas collectivity of France located in the Leeward Islands of the Lesser Antilles archipelago in the Caribbean Sea. It came into being on February 22, 2007, encompassing the northern parts of the island of Saint Martin and neighbouring islets, the largest of which is Île Tintamarre. The southern part of the island, Sint Maarten, is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.

Following a debut last year the Overseas Collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon had a qualifying competition again. With only three teams in the collectivity, there is just one match in each of two rounds, with one team receiving a bye to the second round. The winner, AS Îlienne Amateurs, gained entry to the third round draw of the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region.

French tricolour is the official flag of the overseas territorial collectivity of France Martinique, an overseas territorial collectivity of France located in the Caribbean, has no flag with official status other than the French national flag. The local council () has adopted a flag in 2019 to be used in international events to represent Martinique sports teams, cultural associations, and other bodies.

Following a debut last year the Overseas Collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon had a qualifying competition again. With only three teams in the collectivity, there is just one match in each of two rounds, with one team receiving a bye to the second round. The winner, AS Îlienne Amateurs, gained entry to the third round draw of the Auvergne-Rhône- Alpes region.

Wallis and Futuna is a collectivity of France. It is composed of three precincts—Alo, Sigave and Uvea—each corresponding to a traditional kingdom.

The king of Alo is Petelo Sea who is crowned in 2014. The three Kings are part of the government of the overseas collectivity.

The location of Saint Pierre and Miquelon An enlargeable map of the French Territorial Collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Saint Pierre and Miquelon: The Territorial Collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon () is an overseas collectivity of France located in the North Atlantic Ocean about south of the Canadian Island of Newfoundland. The collectivity comprises a group of small islands, the main ones being Saint Pierre and Miquelon. The islands are part of France and the European Union but due to special immigration procedures, EU nationals who are not French citizens are not allowed to exercise free movement and business establishment in the archipelago.Frequently Asked Questions The archipelago is the only remnant of the former colonial territory of New France that remains under French control.

Since December 2015 both the region and the department have been ruled by a single assembly within the framework of a new territorial collectivity, the French Guiana Territorial Collectivity (). This assembly, the French Guiana Assembly (), has replaced the former regional council and departmental council, which were both disbanded. The French Guiana Assembly is in charge of regional and departmental government. Its president is Rodolphe Alexandre.

Haute-Corse (; , also , or ; ) is an administrative department of France, consisting of the northern part of the island of Corsica. The corresponding departmental territorial collectivity merged with that of Corse-du-Sud on 1 January 2018, forming the single territorial collectivity of Corsica, with territorial elections coinciding with the dissolution of the separate councils. The people living in the former department are called "Northerners" (Supranacci).

According to Shariati, human history is composed of two stages, the stage of collectivity and the stage of private ownership. He explained that the first stage, collectivity, was concerned with social equality and spiritual oneness. But the second stage, which is the current era, could be considered as the domination of the many by one. The second stage began with the emergence of private ownership.

A territorial collectivity (or territorial authority, , previously ') is a chartered subdivision of France, with recognized governing authority. It is the generic name for any subdivision (subnational entity) with an elective form of local government and local regulatory authority. The nature of a French territorial collectivity is set forth in Article 72 of the French Constitution of 1958, which provides for local autonomy within limits prescribed by law.

The flag of Saint Pierre and Miquelon is officially the flag of France, as Saint Pierre and Miquelon is a self-governing overseas collectivity of France.

Benara, or Mlima Bénara, is the highest peak of Grande-Terre, Mayotte, an overseas collectivity of France in the western Indian Ocean, with a height of .

Location of Wallis and Futuna This is a list of the butterflies and moths of Wallis and Futuna, a French overseas collectivity in the South Pacific.

Lycée polyvalent des Îles du Nord is a senior high school in Marigot, Collectivity of Saint Martin. In September 2016 40 teachers protested their working conditions.

Following a yes vote in a referendum held on 29 March 2009, the former overseas collectivity of Mayotte became an overseas department on 31 March 2011.

In contrast to the popular Hollywood model which gives precedence to a sole protagonist, an ensemble cast leans more towards a sense of "collectivity and community".

Sint Maarten shares the island with the French Collectivity of Saint Martin which, like the rest of the French Caribbean, is not part of the NANP.

Location of Saint Martin in the Caribbean This is a list of amphibians and reptiles found on the island of Saint Martin, located in the Lesser Antilles chain in the Caribbean. Politically, Saint Martin is divided between the Collectivity of Saint Martin on the northern half of the island, which is an overseas collectivity of France, and Sint Maarten on the southern half, which is part of the Netherlands Antilles.

Ballot papers of the 2013 Alsace single territorial collectivity referendum. Voting during the referendum in Strasbourg (Bas-Rhin). The Alsace single territorial collectivity referendum () was a referendum held on Sunday, 7 April 2013 in Alsace, France, which aimed at the creation of the single territorial collectivity of Alsace through the merging of the regional council of Alsace and the departmental councils of Bas-Rhin and Haut-Rhin. Even though there was a 57.65% majority of "Yes" votes, the project was not approved: indeed, the "Yes" side needed to win in both departments (and at least 50% overall) with at least a 25% share of the vote from eligible voters ( votes in Bas-Rhin and votes in Haut-Rhin).

Location of French Polynesia in France Following is a list of senators of French Polynesia, people who have represented the collectivity of French Polynesia in the Senate of France.

Koné is a commune in the North Province of New Caledonia, a special collectivity of France in the Pacific Ocean. Koné is the provincial seat of the North Province.

The northern French part comprises the Collectivity of Saint Martin and is an overseas collectivity of France. As part of France proper, the French part of the island is part of the European Union. The island is also known for having an airport runway extremely close to the beach. On 1 January 2009, the population of the whole island was 77,741 inhabitants, with 40,917 living on the Dutch side, and 36,824 on the French side.

In addition they enjoy autonomy in taxation matters as well as having their own currencies. ;French overseas collectivities, New Caledonia, and Corsica The French constitution recognises three autonomous jurisdictions. Corsica, a region of France, enjoys a greater degree of autonomy on matters such as tax and education compared to mainland regions. New Caledonia, a sui generis collectivity, and French Polynesia, an overseas collectivity, are highly autonomous territories with their own government, legislature, currency and constitution.

The coat of arms of Saint Pierre and Miquelon is the official heraldic symbol of the French overseas collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon. It was designed by Léon Joner.

Petelo Sea was, from 2014 to 2016, tuiagaifo (king) of the Kingdom of Alo, one of the three traditional kingdoms located in the French Overseas Collectivity of Wallis and Futuna.

The assembly of Martinique is the deliberative assembly of Martinique, which is a Single territorial collectivity of France. In 2015 it replaced both the Regional and General Councils of Martinique.

Faaaha is an associated commune located in the island commune of Taha'a, in French Polynesia. It is situated in the subdivision of the Leeward Islands, an overseas collectivity of French Polynesia.

Wallis and Futuna is an overseas collectivity of the French Republic. The collectivity is made up of three traditional kingdoms: ʻUvea, on the island of Wallis, Sigave, on the western part of the island of Futuna, and Alo, on the island of Alofi and on the eastern part of the island of Futuna. The current King of Uvea is Kapiliele Faupala and the current King of Sigave is Visesio Moeliku. They have reigned since 2008 and 2004, respectively.

The arrondissement of Bastia () is an arrondissement of France in the Haute- Corse department in the territorial collectivity of Corsica. It has 27 communes. Its population is 87,776 (2016), and its area is .

The arrondissement of Corte is an arrondissement of France in the Haute-Corse department in the territorial collectivity of Corsica. It has 158 communes. Its population is 58,800 (2016), and its area is .

The arrondissement of Calvi () is an arrondissement of France in the Haute- Corse department in the territorial collectivity of Corsica. It has 51 communes. Its population is 29,576 (2016), and its area is .

The territory was annexed by the French Republic in 1888, and was placed under the authority of another French colony, New Caledonia. The inhabitants of the islands voted in a 1959 referendum to become an overseas collectivity of France, effective in 1961. The collectivity is governed as a parliamentary republic, the citizens elect a Territorial Assembly, the President of which becomes head of government. His cabinet, the Council of the Territory, is made up of the three Kings and three appointed ministers.

Nguyen lists the Riot Grrrl movement as one that is important and yet problematic. In her essay "Riot Grrrl, Race, and Revival", Nguyen discusses the work the Riot Grrrl movement has done in calling attention to how a woman's personal experiences with sexual abuse, heteronormativity, and intimacy with other women are tied up with the political and social. Collectivity among women being one of Riot Grrrl's goals, Nguyen addresses race as an obstacle to that collectivity, highlighting the marginalization of women of color.

The arrondissement of Ajaccio (; ) is an arrondissement (district) in the department of Corse-du-Sud in the territorial collectivity of Corsica. It has 81 communes. Its population is 113,473 (2016), and its area is .

The arrondissement of Sartène () is an arrondissement of France in the Corse- du-Sud department in the territorial collectivity of Corsica. It has 43 communes. Its population is 40,830 (2016), and its area is .

Location of Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon in France Following is a list of senators of Saint Pierre and Miquelon, people who have represented the collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Senate of France.

Furthermore, the adepts are virtually leaderless. The establishment of the sectarian infrastructure helped preserve their cohesion, but the corollary de-emphasis on charisma made it harder to mobilize the collectivity of the adepts into action.

Map of Saint Martin/Sint Maarten with location of airports This is a list of airports in Saint Martin/Sint Maarten, an island in the northeast Caribbean. The southern Dutch half of the island comprises the Sint Maarten and is a constituent country. This portion contains the island's international airport: Princess Juliana International Airport. The northern French half of the island comprises the Collectivité de Saint-Martin (Collectivity of Saint Martin), which became an overseas collectivity (collectivité d'outre-mer or COM) of France on February 22, 2007.

In 2003 it became an overseas collectivity (French: collectivité d'outre-mer, or COM). Its statutory law of 27 February 2004 gives it the particular designation of "overseas country" to underline the large autonomy of the territory.

Until 2015, the commune of Cayenne was divided in six cantons, but these were abolished in 2015 when the department and the region of French Guiana were abolished and replaced by the French Guiana Territorial Collectivity.

The nascent state (Statu Nascenti) is defined as a psychological process of destructuration-reorganization where the individual becomes capable of merging with other persons and creating a new collectivity with a very high degree of solidarity.

This decision followed Saint Barthélemy's new status as an Overseas collectivity of France which took effect on 15 July 2007. Currently Saint Barthélemy uses Guadeloupe's ccTLD, .gpCIA – The World Factbook – Saint Barthelemy: Communications. 18 October 2007.

Location of Saint Martin in France Following is a list of senators of Saint Martin, people who have represented the collectivity of Saint Martin in the Senate of France. The senate seat was created in 2008.

One of France's overseas regions is located in Melanesia. This region is New Caledonia, which is a special-status collectivity of France. It has a flag that shares its official status with that of the French tricolor.

On 30 April, the Collectivity will purchase two polymerase chain reaction (PCR) screening machines and two ventilators for the Louis-Constant Fleming Hospital. Up to now 200 tests have been forwarded to the Pasteur Institute in Guadeloupe.

Common derivational affixes for nouns are peng-/per-/juru- (actor, instrument, or someone characterized by the root), -an (collectivity, similarity, object, place, instrument), ke-...-an (abstractions and qualities, collectivities), per-/peng-...-an (abstraction, place, goal or result).

Common derivational affixes for nouns are peng-/per-/juru- (actor, instrument, or someone characterised by the root), -an (collectivity, similarity, object, place, instrument), ke-...-an (abstractions and qualities, collectivities), per-/peng-...-an (abstraction, place, goal or result).

French Polynesia (; ; ), officially the Collectivity of French Polynesia, is an overseas collectivity of the French Republic and its sole overseas country. It is composed of 118 geographically dispersed islands and atolls stretching over an expanse of more than in the South Pacific Ocean. Its total land area is . French Polynesia is divided into five groups of islands: the Society Islands archipelago, composed of the Windward Islands and the Leeward Islands; the Tuamotu Archipelago; the Gambier Islands; the Marquesas Islands; and the Austral Islands. Among its 118 islands and atolls, 67 are inhabited.

Each indwelling spark is relatively female in relation to the person who redeems it from captivity. The collectivity of all sparks, similar to the collective People of Israel, also comprises the exiled Shekhinah, awaiting raising up to God.

Accessed 14 October 2007. followed the decision of Saint Martin's new status as an Overseas collectivity of France, which took effect on 15 July 2007. Currently Saint Martin uses Guadeloupe's ccTLD, .gpCIA - The World Factbook -- Saint Martin: Communications.

The Saint-Martin League (French: Ligue de Saint-Martin) is the top division of association football in the Collectivity of Saint Martin. The defending champions are FC Marigot, and the most successful club is ASC St. Louis Stars.

The French special collectivity of New Caledonia is divided into three provinces, which in turn are divided into 33 communes. There is also a system of eight tribal areas for the indigenous Kanak people, and three decentralized subdivisions.

This is a list of airports in Saint Pierre and Miquelon, sorted by location. Saint Pierre and Miquelon is an overseas collectivity (, or COM) of France, consisting of several small islands off the eastern coast of Canada near Newfoundland.

The French Republic is divided into 18 regions (located in Europe and overseas), five overseas collectivities, one overseas territory, one special collectivity – New Caledonia and one uninhabited island directly under the authority of the Minister of Overseas France – Clipperton.

At the time, they were a French protectorate. A year and a half after the referendum — on 29 July 1961, the islands officially became an overseas territory. They have since changed status again, becoming an overseas collectivity in 2003.

Sainte-Pierre airport at lower right on Saint Pierre Island, 2013 Saint-Pierre Airport () is a regional airport located south of Saint-Pierre, in the French overseas collectivity of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon, off the east coast of Canada near Newfoundland.

The galleries below show flags attributed to the eighteen (formerly, twenty- seven) regions, five overseas collectivities, one sui generis collectivity and one overseas territory of France. Most of them are non-official as regions often use their logos as a flag.

In contemporary Mexico, "many [Indigenous] cultural traits" continue "to be present in a de-Indianized collectivity." Bonfil Batalla demonstrates this by examining the comparisons between poor rural and urban mestizos and Indigenous peoples of Mexico.Bonfil Batalla 1996, p. 17-18.

Bilia is a commune in the Corse-du-Sud department of France, on the island of Corsica, within its Corsican single territorial collectivity. It is part of the microregion of Bisogène, the south-western part of the Corsican region of Rocca.

High Commission of the French Fifth Republic Despite a local assembly and government, French Polynesia is not in a free association with France, like the Cook Islands with New Zealand. As a French overseas collectivity, the local government has no competence in justice, university education, security and defense. Services in these areas are directly provided and administered by the Government of France, including the National Gendarmerie (which also polices rural and border areas in metropolitan France), and French military forces. The collectivity government retains control over primary and secondary education, health, town planning, and the environment.

The location of French Polynesia An enlargeable map of the French Overseas Collectivity of French Polynesia The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to French Polynesia: French Polynesia - French overseas collectivity located in the South Pacific Ocean. It is made up of several groups of Polynesian islands, the most famous island being Tahiti in the Society Islands group, which is also the most populous island and the seat of the capital of the territory (Papeete). Although not an integral part of its territory, Clipperton Island was administered from French Polynesia until 2007.

The Fiji–France Maritime Delimitation Agreement is a 1983 treaty between France and Fiji which establishes the maritime boundary between Fiji and the French special collectivity of New Caledonia and the boundary between Fiji and the French overseas collectivity of Wallis and Futuna. The treaty was signed in Suva on 19 January 1983. The text of the treaty is brief and states that the boundaries will be set by the principle of setting an equidistant line between the territories. The boundary with New Caledonia is to the southwest of Fiji and consists of one maritime straight-line segment defined by two specific points.

This article details the history of the Marquesas. The Marquesas Islands are a group of volcanic islands in French Polynesia, an overseas collectivity of France in the southern Pacific Ocean. The Marquesas Islands form one of the five Administrative divisions of French Polynesia.

The festival was first conceived in 1979 and, as of that date, the annual National Celebration of the Immigrant has been organized by the Federation of Collectivity. Every year, the festival features new spectacles and the celebration attracts more than 120,000 visitors.

Politics of Wallis and Futuna takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic French overseas collectivity, whereby the President of the Territorial Assembly is the head of government, and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government.

The Windward Islands () are the eastern group of the Society Islands in French Polynesia, an overseas collectivity of France in the southern Pacific Ocean. These islands were also previously named the Georgian Islands in honour of King George III of the United Kingdom.

The Saint Barts blind snake (Antillotyphlops annae) is a species of blind snakes in the family Typhlopidae. The species is endemic to the Caribbean island of Saint Barthélemy, an overseas collectivity of France. First described in 1999, It is still not well known.

Omar Franklin Morales (born 20 December 1985) is a footballer who plays as a striker for St. Maartener club United Super Stars FC and the Saint Martin national team. Born in the Dominican Republic, Morales plays internationally for the Collectivity of Saint Martin.

Mont Panié is a mountain on the island of Grande Terre in New Caledonia. At , it is the island's highest point. Mont Panié is situated in the Chaîne Centrale mountain range. New Caledonia is a special collectivity of France located in the southwest Pacific Ocean.

The 2017 Corsican territorial elections were held on 3 and 10 December 2017 to elect 63 members of the Corsican Assembly who in turn will determine the composition of the Executive Council of Corsica. The elections, held only two years after the 2015 territorial elections, were called as a result of the planned creation of a single collectivity within Corsica resulting from the mergers of two departments (Haute-Corse and Corse-du-Sud) and the existing territorial collectivity of Corsica. The nationalist alliance Pè a Corsica between autonomist Femu a Corsica and separatist Corsica Libera won an outright majority of seats in the assembly under the list led by Gilles Simeoni.

The French–Dutch relations refer to the interstate and bilateral relations between France and the Netherlands. The two countries notably share a border division in the Caribbean island of Saint Martin, to which the northern part of the island is a French overseas collectivity known as the Collectivity of Saint Martin, while the southern part of the island is a Dutch constituent country known as Sint Maarten. Relations between the two countries date back to the 17th and 18th centuries when a conflict led to the transformation of the Dutch Republic to the Batavian Republic and eventually the Kingdom of Holland. The two countries currently enjoy close cultural and economic relations.

The flag of Saint Barthélemy is the French tricolor. This is because Saint Barthélemy is a self-governing overseas collectivity of France. An unofficial flag of Saint Barthélemy consisting of the island's coat of arms centered on a white field is also used on the island.

The 1st constituency of Wallis and Futuna is a French legislative constituency covering the whole of the overseas collectivity of Wallis and Futuna. It is represented in the XVth legislature by Sylvain Brial an independent left-wing politician who defeated Napole Polutele in a 2018 by-election.

Tetiaroa (French: Tetiaroa) is an atoll in the Windward group of the Society Islands of French Polynesia, an overseas territorial collectivity of France in the Pacific Ocean. Once the vacation spot for Tahitian royalty, the islets are under a 99-year lease contracted by Marlon Brando.

Türkheim is a municipality in the district of Unterallgäu in Bavaria, Germany. The neighboring places of Türkheim are Ettringen, Berg, Rammingen, Irsingen, Wiedergeltingen and Amberg. The administrative collectivity of Türkheim administrate Türkheim and Irsingen. The town is seat of a municipal association with Amberg, Rammingen and Wiedergeltingen.

The sport of football in the overseas collectivity of Wallis and Futuna is governed by the Fédération de Ligue de Football de Wallis et Futuna. The association administers the Wallis and Futuna national football team as well as the Wallis Première Division and the Futuna Première Division.

Association football clubs from the French Overseas Collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon have represented the archipelago in the Coupe de France beginning with the 2018–19 edition of the tournament. The following is a list of year-by-year results of Saint Pierre and Miquelon's representative.

With a yes result, Mayotte, which was an overseas collectivity, became an integral French department on 31 March 2011. Local judicial, economic and social laws and customs were changed to conform with French law. Mayotte banned polygamy before it became a department. Women's rights were increased to French standards.

Especially after the 1871 cession of the southern territory known since 1922 as Territoire de Belfort, although it is still densely populated compared to the rest of metropolitan France. On 1 January 2021, the departments of Bas-Rhin and Haut-Rhin will merge into the European Collectivity of Alsace.

Hoorn Islands (Futuna and Alofi) with Alofi Island in the southeast Alofi is an uninhabited island in the Pacific Ocean belonging to the French overseas collectivity (collectivité d'outre-mer, or COM) of Wallis and Futuna. Alofi was inhabited until 1840. The highest point on the island is Kolofau.

They also note that boycotting consumers took the collectivity into account when deciding to participate, that is, consideration of joining a boycott as goal-oriented collective activity increased one's likelihood of participating. A corporation-targeted protest repertoire including boycotts and education of consumers presents the highest likelihood for success.

Stade de Saint-Jean is a multi-purpose stadium in the Saint-Jean quartier of Saint Barthélemy, an overseas collectivity of France in the Caribbean. It is the only stadium on the island and currently hosts matches of local rugby teams and the Saint Barthélemy national football team.

Morne de la Grande Montagne is the highest point of Saint Pierre and Miquelon, an overseas collectivity of France located in the Atlantic Ocean, with an elevation of 240 metres (787 ft). It is located near the center of Miquelon Island, which is also known as Grande Miquelon.

The territory of Wallis and Futuna is divided into three traditional chiefdoms (royaumes coutumiers): Uvea, on the island of Wallis, Sigave, on the western part of the island of Futuna, and Alo, on the eastern part of the island of Futuna and the island of Alofi. Uvea is further subdivided into three districts: Hihifo, Hahake and Mu'a. The capital of the collectivity is Matâ'Utu on the island of Wallis, the most populated island. As an overseas collectivity of France, it is governed under the French constitution of September 28, 1958, uses both the French legal system and customary local laws ("coutume"), and suffrage is universal for those over 18 years of age.

The Collectivity of Saint Martin (), commonly known as simply Saint Martin ('), is an overseas collectivity of France in the West Indies in the Caribbean. With a population of 35,334 as of January 2017Téléchargement du fichier d'ensemble des populations légales en 2017, INSEE (with more recent estimates putting the population at 32,556) on an area of , it encompasses the northern 60% of the divided island of Saint Martin, and some neighbouring islets, the largest of which is Île Tintamarre. The southern 40% of the island of Saint Martin constitutes Sint Maarten, which has been a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands since 2010. This marks the only place in the world where France borders the Netherlands.

On 5 April, the first case was confirmed in the collectivity. On 25 April, the Overseas Minister announced a gradual deconfinement in Saint Pierre and Miquelon starting Monday 27 April. The majority of businesses will reopen except for bars and restaurants. Schools will probably reopen in the first week of May.

The official currency and legal tender in the Collectivity of Saint Martin (French north) is the euro which replaced the French franc in 2002. Saint Martin is part of the eurozone, and is part of the European Union.Outermost regions, Fact Sheets on the European Union, European Parliament. Retrieved 6 November 2019.

The prefecture and the General Council are based in Strasbourg. The INSEE and Post Code is 67. On 1 January 2021, the departments of Bas-Rhin and Haut-Rhin will merge into the European Collectivity of Alsace. The inhabitants of the department are known as Bas- Rhinois or Bas-Rhinoises.

"To chant together, to hum banal tunes together, is not collectivity." Where other playwrights might clarify a scene, Barker seeks to render it more complex, ambiguous, and unstable. Only through a tragic renaissance, Barker argues, will beauty and poetry return to the stage. "Tragedy liberates language from banality" he asserts.

Saint-Pierre et Miquelon is a self-governing territorial overseas collectivity of France, situated in the northwestern Atlantic Ocean near Canada. The name "Miquelon" is a Basque form of Michael. The islands were frequented by Basque fisherman prior to Portuguese discovery in 1520. Today, there are many people of Basque descent residing there.

Bora Bora Between 1946 and 2003, French Polynesia had the status of an overseas territory (', or TOM). In 2003, it became an overseas collectivity (', or COM). Its statutory law of 27 February 2004 gives it the particular designation of overseas country inside the Republic (', or POM), but without legal modification of its status.

Société Calédonienne de Transports Aériens, trading as Air Calédonie, is the domestic airline of the French collectivity of New Caledonia. Its headquarters are on the grounds of Magenta Airport in the territory's capital of Nouméa, from which it operates scheduled passenger and cargo flights to domestic destinations."AIR CALÉDONIE CONTACTS." Air Calédonie.

In the social sciences, institutions are the structures and mechanisms of social order and cooperation governing the behavior of individuals within a given human collectivity. Institutions are identified with a social purpose and permanence, transcending individual human lives and intentions, and with the making and enforcing of rules governing cooperative human behavior.

AS Juventus de Saint-Martin is a Saint Martin football club based in Sandy Ground. Club colors are black and white. In the 2003–04 season, the club won the Saint-Martin Championships, the top tier of football in the Collectivity of Saint Martin The club withdrew from the 2014/15 competition.

'Miquelon () also known as ''''', is one of the islands of the archipelago of Saint Pierre and Miquelon, an Overseas collectivity of France located in the Atlantic Ocean, south of the coast of Newfoundland. Miquelon is situated between Le Cap Island to the north and Langlade Island (also called Petite Miquelon) to the south.

A 500-CFP franc (€4.20; US$4.70) banknote, used in French Polynesia, New Caledonia and Wallis and Futuna. French is an official language of the Pacific Island nation of Vanuatu, where 45% of the population can speak it. In the French special collectivity of New Caledonia, 97% of the population can speak, read and write French while in French Polynesia this figure is 95%, and in the French collectivity of Wallis and Futuna, it is 84%. In French Polynesia and to a lesser extent Wallis and Futuna, where oral and written knowledge of the French language has become almost nearly universal (95% and 84% respectively), French increasingly tends to displace the native Polynesian languages as the language most spoken at home.

The islands that make up Wallis and Futuna Wallis and Futuna is an overseas collectivity of the French Republic in Polynesia consisting of three main islands (Wallis, Futuna, and the mostly uninhabited Alofi) and a number of tiny islets. The collectivity is made up of three traditional kingdoms: Uvea, on the island of Wallis, Sigave, on the western part of the island of Futuna, and Alo, on the island of Alofi and on the eastern part of the island of Futuna. The current co-claimant to the title King of Uvea are Felice Tominiko Halagahu and Patalione Kanimoa, the current King of Alo is Filipo Katoa and the current King of Sigave is Eufenio Takala. They have been reigning since 2016.

Oscar Manutahi Temaru (born November 1, 1944) is a French politician. He has been President of French Polynesia (président de la Polynésie française), an overseas collectivity of France, on five occasions: in 2004, from 2005 to 2006, from 2007 to 2008, in 2009, and from 2011 to 2013 and mayor of Faa'a since 1983.

Herpystis esson is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in New Caledonia, a special collectivity of France located in the southwest Pacific Ocean. The wingspan is about 13 mm. The ground colour of the forewings is white, preserved from the dorsal third of the wing to before the tornus.

For example, all Hispanics in the U.S. are profiled as a single group because they are usually regarded and treated by Anglo-Americans as one collectivity; and, # They estimate membership in a group using the widest demographic definition, even though not all people who nominally are members of a group necessarily identify with it.

Soyons unis, devenons frères (Let us unite, let us become brothers) is the officially recognised anthem of New Caledonia. It is not, however, the national anthem. New Caledonia is a special collectivity of France, and remains under the sovereignty of the French Republic. Its national anthem is the national anthem of France, La Marseillaise.

Thompson wrote papers on the species problem and systematics. In a 1952 paper he argued against the reality of species based on his opinion that the species taxon is an "abstraction" taken from the features of many individuals but species themselves are not "the individual or the collectivity of individuals."Hamilton, Andrew. (2014). The Evolution of Phylogenetic Systematics.

In 1977, French Polynesia was granted partial internal autonomy; in 1984, the autonomy was extended. French Polynesia became a full overseas collectivity of France in 2003.. Retrieved 25 September 2012. In September 1995, France stirred up widespread protests by resuming nuclear testing at Fangataufa atoll after a three-year moratorium. The last test was on 27 January 1996.

The Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna is the representative of the President of France in Wallis and Futuna. The current Administrator Superior is Thierry Queffelec, since 10 January 2019. The post was created in 1961, after Wallis and Futuna become a French overseas territory. In 2003, the status was changed to that of an overseas collectivity.

New Caledonia is a French overseas collectivity. Whilst it can make its own laws, it often follows the laws of mainland France. On 12 December 2016, the government added the French Law of June 2016 that criminalised the purchasers of sex to its Penal Code. Related activities such as brothel keeping and procuring have been illegal since 1946.

Alternatively one might use the case form -ndaulum 'from' and u:a 'man' giving Ushuaia-ndaulum-u:a. Subject nouns take no overt case marking (subject coreference is on the verb instead). Nouns can be marked for accusative, genitive, dative, locative, instrumental and other cases. Geographical information can be incorporated into the string, as can information about number, collectivity, definiteness, etc.

As to the liberal perspective, whether it is traditional or innovative, is based, for Mgr. Moubarak, on an atomist conception of society, as a collectivity of free and rational individuals. Those are supposed to act as disengaged, exempt of any prior determination, being social or cultural, and likely to willingly choose the ends and values that guide their actions.

Tintamarre Island. Île Tintamarre is a small island with an area of approximately . It is located in the Caribbean Sea, about from the island of Saint Martin, and is administered as part of the French overseas collectivity of Saint Martin. Compagnie Aerienne Antillaise, Jerry Casius, AAHS Journal, 50, #1 (Spring 2005). Accessed on line January 18, 2014. Art.

Guillaume Arnell (born 19 December 1962) is a member of the Senate of France. He was first elected in 2014, and represents the Saint-Martin Overseas Collectivity. An administrator by profession, he serves as a member of the Rassemblement Responsabilite Reussite (RRR). He has been vice president of the Territorial Council of Saint-Martin since 2012.

Martinique is a Single territorial collectivity of France. Martinique elects one deputy to the national assembly from each of four constituencies. It elects on regional/départemental level a legislature, called the Assembly of Martinique, by proportional representation from each of the national assembly constituencies. The Assembly of Martinique replaced, in 2015, two councils with diverging powers.

A list of airports in Saint Barthélemy, sorted by location. Saint Barthélemy () is an island in the eastern Caribbean Sea. Also known as Saint Barts, Saint Barths, or Saint Barth, it is one of four Leeward Islands that comprise the French West Indies. It became an overseas collectivity (collectivité d'outre- mer or COM) of France on February 22, 2007.

Powell and Pressburger, who were known collectivity as "The Archers", wrote the script together using the concept of light and time as a basis of identity. Powell was said to have used the work of Chaucer as inspiration to create a film that showed "the love of his birthplace and all that he felt about England".

There are two French collectivities in Polynesia—French Polynesia and Wallis and Futuna. French Polynesia has a flag that shares its official status with that of the French tricolor; Wallis and Futuna does not. Also, Clipperton Island is a French territory in Polynesia, but not a collectivity. It is uninhabited and does not have its own official flag.

Lake Kikila () is a lake on the southeastern side of Wallis (Uvea) in the French overseas collectivity of Wallis and Futuna, South Pacific. It is marginally the second lake largest lake on the island after Lake Lalolalo, although is not rounded like Lalolalo. It lies to the just to the southwest of Falaleu and northwest of Ha'afuasia.

Air Saint-Pierre is a French airline based in Saint-Pierre, Saint-Pierre and Miquelon, a French overseas collectivity."Contact Us." Air Saint-Pierre. Retrieved on December 19, 2014. "18 rue Albert Briand, BP 4225, 97500 Saint- Pierre & Miquelon" The airline operates scheduled services between the islands of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon-Langlade and to Canada.

The consultation was open to all people of age living in Martinique. There were 647 eligible proposals, but the one by Stévy Desbonnes, a 22-year-old graphic artist, was selected. At the end of 2016, a new flag for the Territorial Collectivity of Martinique was created which consisted of the new logo on a white background.

On 24 April, Air Caraïbes announced that flights between Saint Martin (Grand Case- Espérance Airport not Princess Juliana International Airport), Saint Barthélemy, and Gaudeloupe will be resuming as of today. On 30 April, Bruno Magras, president of the collectivity, announce that all services, including schools, restaurants, bars, sport and cultural activities will be reopen on the 11th May.

Bishop Robinet resigned on 6 December 1793, and took up residence with his brother at Torxé, where he died on 8 September 1797. On 1 March 2018, the Apostolic Vicariate of Iles Saint-Pierre et Miquelon, which had existed since 1763, was suppressed and the French overseas collectivity Saint-Pierre and Miquelon added to this Diocese.

Hoorn Islands Hoorn Islands (Futuna and Alofi) with Futuna Island in the northwest The Hoorn Islands (also Futuna Islands) are one of the two island groups of which the French overseas collectivity (collectivité d'outre-mer, or COM) of Wallis and Futuna is geographically composed. The aggregate area is 115 km², and the population 4,873 (census of 2003).

The members of the movement tend to underline the role of individual as opposed to collectivity. There were two trends within the movement: young directors such as Andrzej Wajda generally studied the idea of heroism, while another group (the most notable being Andrzej Munk) analysed the Polish character via irony, humor and a dissection of national myths.

Options for Enforcing Labour Standards: Lessons from Bangladesh and Cambodia. Journal of International Development, (22), 56–85. doi: 10.1002/jid There is evidence that this problem may be connected to, and exacerbated by, Bangladesh's reliance on exporting apparel goods in the past three decades. Highlighting the lack of collectivity, a mere 2 percent of employees were active in unions.

Butler (1990) Social identity refers to the common identification with a collectivity or social category that creates a common culture among participants concerned.Snow, D.A. and Oliver, P.E. (1995). "Social Movements and Collective Behavior: Social Psychological Dimensions and Considerations", pp. 571–600 in Karen Cook, Gary A. Fine, and James S.House (eds.) Sociological Perspectives on Social Psychology.

In 858, Guny's village is given to the abbey of Notre-Dame of Soissons by Charles the Bold. In 1368, Enguerrand VII of Coucy grants the collectivity franchise to Guny and twenty-two other churches. 1914–1918, World War I devastated the village. From August 27 until September 28, the 11th and 20th infantry fight Battle of Ailette around Guny's quarries.

While French is the sole official language of the country according to Article 2 of the Constitution of France, Law 2019-816 contains provisions to promote regional languages at school. The collectivity will also be tasked to create a Committee related to the German language in Alsace. This last provision is closely related to Chapter 3 and Chapter 4 of the Aachen Treaty.

250px Colab is the commonly used abbreviation of the New York City artists' group Collaborative Projects, which was formed after a series of open meetings between artists of various disciplines.David Little, Colab Takes a Piece, History Takes It Back: Collectivity and New York Alternative Spaces, Art Journal Vol.66, No. 1, Spring 2007, College Art Association, New York, pp. 60-74.

In 1979, Jiwani graduated from University of British Columbia with a Bachelor of Arts in psychology. In 1983, she attained her master's degree in sociology from Simon Fraser University. Her thesis topic was entitled “The Forms of Jah: The Mystic Collectivity of the Rastafarians.” In 1988, Jiwani received a certificate from the Summer Institute for Semiotic and Structural Studies from UBC.

Thecadactylus oskrobapreinorum is known only from the Caribbean island of Saint Martin. The holotype came from Sint Maarten, part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, but the gecko is also known from the French overseas Collectivity of Saint Martin. The gecko is found on the lower parts of the trunks of trees in forests and near forest edges. It is active at night.

Clermont communities are not published necessarily along historical or perceived collectivity, hence Goshen Township and unincorporated Goshen. To review each locale's unique designs and bodies, click their links. Map of Clermont County, Ohio With Municipal and Township Labels Each municipality has an elected-nonpartisan council where the highest vote-getter is designated mayor. Mayors preside during mayor's court, among various other roles.

The Saint Pierre and Miquelon national football team is the official football team for Saint Pierre and Miquelon. As an overseas collectivity of France, it is affiliated to the FFF. Saint Pierre and Miquelon's first official match was an 11–0 defeat to Réunion in the 2010 Coupe de l'Outre-Mer, a competition for teams representing the Overseas departments and territories of France.

There are three Caribbean islands that are countries () within the Kingdom of the Netherlands: Aruba, Curaçao, and Sint Maarten. (The Netherlands is the fourth constituent country in the Kingdom of the Netherlands.) Sint Maarten covers approximately 40% of the island of Saint Martin; the remaining northern part of the island—the Collectivity of Saint-Martin—is an overseas territory of France.

Ileto refers this writing and rewriting "the politics of history". Nationalist historiography can be defined as "a set of ideas and practices adopted by historians in their efforts to write history, with the result, intended or not, of recognizing or justifying the existence of a nation-state, as well as of defining and maintaining an identity deemed fitting for such a collectivity".

Faa'a International Airport (), also known as Tahiti International Airport , is the international airport of French Polynesia, located in the commune of Faa'a, on the island of Tahiti. It is situated southwest of Papeete, the capital city of the overseas collectivity. It opened in 1960. Regional air carrier Air Tahiti and international air carrier Air Tahiti Nui are both based at the airport.

Mata Utu (; ʻUvean: Matāutu) is the capital of Wallis and Futuna, an overseas collectivity of France. It is located on the island of Uvéa (Uvea), in the district of Hahake, of which it is also the capital. Its population was 1,029 in 2018. It is one of two ports in Wallis and Futuna, the other being at Leava on Futuna.

A referendum on autonomy was held in Guadeloupe on 7 December 2003.Guadeloupe (France), 7 December 2003: Inner Autonomy Direct Democracy Voters were asked whether they wanted the island to become a territorial collectivity,Arrondissements of Guadeloupe Statoids which would have given the regional government more autonomy.Guadeloupe on Strike! The Internationalist, October 2010 The proposal was rejected by 73% of voters.

Mayotte elects on an insular level a deliberative assembly. The Departmental Council (Conseil Départemental) has 19 members, elected for a three-year term in single seat constituencies. Mayotte became an Overseas Department and Region in 2011, ending its previous unique transitional status of Departmental collectivity. Until March 2015 the assembly of a Department of France was known as the General Council (Conseil Général).

The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have reached the French overseas collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon on 5 April 2020. Earlier, ferry service between Newfoundland and Saint Pierre and Miquelon had been suspended. Air and ferry service between the islands of St. Pierre and Miquelon have been reduced. The tourism sector is expected to be affected by the pandemic and related measures.

The islands were initially settled by Polynesians, and from them, modern Tuamotuans share a common culture and the Tuamotuan language. The Tuamotus are a French overseas collectivity. The people of Tahiti originally referred to the islands with the exonym of the Paumotus, which means the "Subservient Islands", until a delegation from the island convinced the French authorities to change it to Tuamotus, which means the "Distant Islands".

Odelzhausen is a town and municipality in the west of the region of "Dachau" (Upper Bavaria). The administrative collectivity of Odelzhausen consists of Odelzhausen and the townships of Sulzemoos and Pfaffenhofen an der Glonn. Odelzhausen is situated along the A 8 Autobahn, which connects Munich and Stuttgart. The distance to Augsburg City Centre is 32,4 km (20.1 miles), to Munich City Centre 38,3 km (23.8 miles).

Alan W. Moore (born 1951, in Chicago) is an art historian and activist whose work addresses cultural economies and groups and the politics of collectivity. After a stint as an art critic, Moore made video art and installation art from the mid-1970s on. He has published several books and runs the House Magic information project on self-organized, occupied autonomous social centers. He lives in Madrid.

Commemoration offers collective memory tie to society and its conceptions where physical monuments and rituals fix and affirm collectivity. Halbwachs Collective Memory includes two laws governing how this form of memory will evolve. The two laws are called a Law of Fragmentation, and a Law of Concentration. Halbwachs also wrote an important book on suicide, Les Causes du suicide, 1930 ("The Causes of Suicide").

The North Frisians eventually agreed upon the inter-dialectal name "friisk" which corresponds to the West Frisian native name "frysk". This designation is today mostly used when the North Frisian collectivity is addressed or in the names of official institutions such as Nordfriisk Instituut, Friisk Foriining or Friisk Gesäts. The northern section of the Interfrisian Council has however kept its name "Frasche Rädj" in the Mooring dialect.

Snake Flag Local flag of the Territorial Collectivity of Martinique The "snake flag" () features a white cross on a blue field with a white snake in each quarter. These are vipers (Bothrops lanceolatus, ) native to Martinique. It was used by the French military on their buildings and/or uniforms. Members of the National Gendarmerie bore the coat-of-arms version of the flag until October 2018.

There are still negotiations with the French government, and the Collectivity maintains their position on school reopening. An additional support program has been announced, and further support is under discussion. On 7 May, it was announced that some primary schools will reopen on 18 May. Prime Minister Silveria Jacobs of the Dutch side announced that the Dutch side wants to reopen the borders on 18 May.

Such a reflection on the Bible is supported on the historical present of a collectivity that desires liberation from oppression. There is a long biblical tradition about liberation that starts with the Book of Exodus. According to Ellacuría, salvation is accomplished historically, not just individually, but collectively. It is not just about liberation from evil, guilt, personal or social offenses, pain, disease and fetichism.

The COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Barthélemy is part of the ongoing global viral pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which was confirmed to have reached the French overseas collectivity of Saint Barthélemy on 1 March 2020. The last positive case was on 31 March 2020. On 21 April, the last case recovered. Between 18 and 24 July, a new case was imported.

Map of Diocese of La Rochelle (1703) The Roman Catholic Diocese of La Rochelle and Saintes (; ) is a diocese of the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church in France. The diocese comprises the département of Charente-Maritime and the French overseas collectivity of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon. The bishop is a suffragan of the Archbishop of Bordeaux. The episcopal seat is in La Rochelle Cathedral.

The border crossing between the French Collectivity of Saint Martin and the Dutch Sint Maarten in the island of Saint Martin. Map of Saint Martin showing the Dutch and French parts. On 23 March 1648, the French Kingdom and the Dutch Republic signed the Treaty of Concordia atop Mount Concordia, in which both agreed to divide the island of Saint Martin into their own territories – the French Kingdom owning the northern part of the island and the Dutch Republic owning the southern part of island. On 17 May 1994, the French Republic and the Kingdom of the Netherlands signed the Franco-Dutch treaty on Saint Martin border controls in Paris, aimed at improving border control at the two airports on Saint Martin, namely the Princess Juliana International Airport at the Dutch Sint Maarten and the L'Espérance Airport at the French Collectivity of Saint Martin.

Totality was visible across southern Mexico and the Gulf of Mexico, the southeast Atlantic coast of the United States, northeast to the Maritimes of eastern Canada, and northern Miquelon-Langlade in the French overseas collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon. Greatest eclipse occurred over Mexico at 11:38 am CST, with totality lasting 3 minutes and 27.65 seconds. Totality over the U.S. lasted up to 3 minutes and 10 seconds.

Tahiti is the economic, cultural, and political centre of French Polynesia, an overseas collectivity (and one of two overseas countries, the other being French Guiana) of the French Republic. The capital of French Polynesia, Papeete, is located on the northwest coast of Tahiti. The only international airport in the region, Faa'a International Airport, is on Tahiti near Papeete. Tahiti was originally settled by Polynesians between 300 and 800AD.

2, No. 3: 41-56, esp. pp. 51-53. Put simply and briefly, Zapatismo incorporates various aspects or elements of certain traditional Mesoamerican, and especially Mayan, indigenous societies, including (but not limited to): Communalism, Collectivity, and consensus-building, consensus-agreement and consensus decision-making. Marcos himself has made reference to ‘a tradition of democracy and self-governance…of direct community democracy’ that the Zapatistas encountered among indigenous communities in Chiapas.

The memorial's structures also deny any sense of collectivity. Some have interpreted this to reflect the lack of collective guilt amongst the German population. Others have interpreted the spatial positioning of the blocks to represent an individual guilt for the Holocaust. Some Germans have viewed the memorial as targeting German society and claim the memorial is presented as "an expression of our – non-Jewish Germans' – responsibility for the past".

The Insolvency Act 1986, Schedule B1 contains the procedure for a company entering administration, as updated by the Enterprise Act 2002. It was first introduced following the Cork Report's priorities for transparency, accountability and collectivity and, crucially, fostering a rescue culture for business.See E McKendrick, Goode on Commercial Law (4th edn Penguin 2010) 928 and Colin Gwyer & Associates Ltd v London Wharf (Limehouse) Ltd [2003] BCC 885, on the "rescue culture".

The society, however, could not murder this unwelcome figure simply out of hatred, because that would be illegal and would have no proper justification. In order to officially persecute Grandier, the society as a collectivity condemned him “evil,” which must be rid of. This form of injustice happened frequently in the 20th century. Perhaps the most notable example among many others is the mass murder of Jews by the Nazi Germany.

Unlike the 'classic' theories, which tended to presume that collectivity was associated with uncontrolled violence (due to a regression to instinctive drives or a pre- existing 'racial unconscious'), the social identity model explicitly acknowledges variety by suggesting that different identities have different norms – some peaceful, some conflictual – and that, even where crowds are conflictual, the targets will be only those specified by the social identity of the crowd.

However, "cultural trauma" approach cannot assume that any event—as horrendous as it may be—will turn into a trauma for the collective who encounters it. As Alexander explains, "[C]ultural trauma occurs when members of a collectivity feel they have been subjected to a horrendous event that leaves indelible marks upon their group consciousness, marking their memories forever and changing their future identity in fundamental and irrevocable ways".

New Caledonia is a French sui generis collectivity with a system of government based on parliamentarism and representative democracy. The President of the Government is the head of government, and there is a multi-party system, with Executive power being exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the Congress of New Caledonia. The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature.

In regard to social institutions, however, there is a good case that Spencer's writings might be classified as 'Social Evolutionism'. Although he wrote that societies over time progressed, and that progress was accomplished through competition, he stressed that the individual (rather than the collectivity) is the unit of analysis that evolves, that evolution takes place through natural selection and that it affects social as well as biological phenomenon.

Blanton C. Winship. Three years later however, the Industrial Development Co. was created.Puerto Rico Manufacturers Association In 1940, he ran as candidate of the Unification for Resident Commissioner and in 1941 was chosen vice-president of that political collectivity. When this party was dissolved in 1944, he began to organize the Progressive Republican Union Party, which in 1948 became the Puerto Rican Statehood Party and in 1953 the Republican Statehood Party.

The fast catamaran arrives from Norway, 1 February 2005 Atlantic Jet was a passenger ferry service which operated between Fortune, Newfoundland, Canada and St. Pierre and Miquelon, an overseas collectivity of France. The service was operated by SPM Express S.A., and used a high speed catamaran. The service was discontinued in 2009 due to an engine problem and was replaced by a traditional passenger-only ferry, the MV Arethusa.

Later Casagrande has expressed views condemning war crimes from a military perspective: "Those troops know that they are doing wrong. This is the very opposite of constructive collectivity and group spirit. Anybody can understand that it is by no measures militarily efficient to go kicking the doors of old people's home." Casagrande has been lecturing in the National Defence University of Finland since 2006 on courses of strategy and leadership.

Its primary economic resource is the agricultural industry, served by dairy and cattle-raising. In addition it supports a small economic collectivity that includes small shops, cafes and bars, in addition to health care centre. A locally produced beverage/liquor, "Ponchilha", based on lemons is produced in this region and originally commercialized by the Empresa de Inserção Social da Casa do Povo da Ilha (the local community/social centre).

The Notion of Patriarchy positions men as leaders, and women as passive. Confucius and Mencius, in the three obediences depict obedience to the father and elder brothers when young, to the husband when married, and to the sons when widowed. Finally, collectivity captures the absence of the tradition of celebrating the individual in contrast to the United States. Instead, hierarchy is respected because it reflects naturally ordained positions in society.

Hurricane Luis hit the island in 1995, causing immense destruction and resulting in 12 deaths. In 2007 Saint Martin was detached from Guadeloupe and became a territorial collectivity with its own Prefect and Territorial Council. In 2017 Saint Martin was again devastated by a hurricane (Hurricane Irma), causing widespread destruction across the entire island.Dutch officials: Irma damaged or destroyed 70 percent of St. Maarten homes, leaving island vulnerable to Jose's approach.

The collectivity is one of four territories among the Leeward Islands in the northeastern Caribbean that comprise the French West Indies, along with Saint Martin, Guadeloupe ( southeast), and Martinique. Saint Barthélemy, a volcanic island fully encircled by shallow reefs, has an area of and a population of about 10,000.Institut National de la Statistique et des Etudes Economiques, France. Its capital is Gustavia, which also contains the main harbour.

The island had been part of the French West Indies until 1784, when it was transferred to Sweden in return for trade privileges in Gothenburg. However, the island proved expensive for Sweden to maintain. An agreement was made on 10 August 1877 on returning the island to French control,The Overseas Collectivity of St. Barthélemy St Barths Online the first article of which included the requirement of a binding referendum.

In 1852, French Polynesia was granted partial internal autonomy; in 1984, the autonomy was extended. French Polynesia became a full overseas collectivity of France in 2004. Between 2001 and 2007 Australia's Pacific Solution policy transferred asylum seekers to several Pacific nations, including the Nauru detention centre. Australia, New Zealand and other nations took part in the Regional Assistance Mission to Solomon Islands from 2003 after a request for aid.

Politics of French Polynesia takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic French overseas collectivity, whereby the President of French Polynesia is the head of government, and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the Assembly of French Polynesia. Between 1946 and 2003, French Polynesia had the status of an overseas territory (French: territoire d'outre-mer, or TOM).

Coulomb excitation is a technique in experimental nuclear physics to probe the electromagnetic aspect of nuclear structure. In coulomb excitation, a nucleus is excited by an inelastic collision with another nucleus through the electromagnetic interaction. In order to ensure that the interaction is electromagnetic in nature — and not nuclear — a "safe" scattering angle is chosen. This method is particularly useful for investigating collectivity in nuclei, as collective excitations are often connected by electric quadrupole transitions.

Papeete (pronounced ) is the capital city of French Polynesia, an overseas collectivity of the French Republic in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Papeete is located on the island of Tahiti, in the administrative subdivision of the Windward Islands, of which Papeete is the administrative capital.Décret n° 2005-1611 du 20 décembre 2005 pris pour l'application du statut d'autonomie de la Polynésie française , Légifrance The French High Commissioner also resides in Papeete.Kay, p.

Geographic map of CorsicaCorsica (; , ; in Corsican and Italian, pronounced and respectively) is an island in the Mediterranean Sea and politically one of the 18 regions of France. It lies southeast of the French mainland, west of the Italian Peninsula, and immediately north of the Italian island of Sardinia, the land mass nearest to it. A single chain of mountains makes up two-thirds of the island. The island is a territorial collectivity of France.

Chronocentrism is the assumption that certain time periods (typically the present) are better, more important, or a more significant frame of reference than other time periods, either past or future. The perception of more positive attributes such as morality, technology, and sophistication to one's own time could lead an individual as a member of a collectivity to impose their forms of time on others and impede the efforts towards more homogeneous temporal commons.

He ends the first chapter by giving the differences on Pixarvolt films versus regular animated films. The main difference is that regular animated films stress family, human individuality and extraordinary individuals. Pixarvolt films focus more on collectivity, social bonding and diverse communities. Halberstam explains that, "Two thematics can transform a potential Pixarvolt film into a tame and conventional cartoon: an overemphasis on nuclear family and a normative investment in coupled romance" (Halberstam 47).

This increase was due to the boom in laundry, the proximity of the commune to Lyon, and the opening in 1886 of the railway linking Lyon St-Just to Vaugneray which crossed Craponne. Craponne was a member of the intercommunal structure surrounding the city of Lyon, known as Greater Lyon (Grand Lyon). This structure was replaced on 1 January 2015, and so Craponne is now part of the new territorial collectivity of the Lyon Metropolis.

In 2007, the Ahmadiyya Muslims were banned from practising their faith openly in the state of Belarus and given a similar status to other banned religious groups in the country. Unable to obtain state registration, Ahmadi Muslims in the country who number about 30 including 13 native Belarusians, cannot conduct their activities formally as a collectivity such as importing or distributing literature, gathering together for prayers or meetings and having an official representative.

Gran Sanblé pour ba peyi an chans, a coalition of the Martinican Independence Movement and right-wing parties, led by Alfred Marie-Jeanne defeated ', a coalition of left-wing parties, led by Serge Letchimy winning 33 seats out of 51 seats of the Territorial Collectivity's new assembly during the election held on December 13, 2015 in Martinique. Alfred Marie-Jeanne is currently the president of the executive council of the Territorial Collectivity of Martinique.

The Tanaga is an indigenous type of Filipino poem, that is used traditionally in the Tagalog language. The modern tanaga is used in a variety of Philippine languages and English due to popularity in the 20th century. Its usage declined in the later half of the 20th century, but was revived through a collectivity of Filipino artists in the 21st century. The poetic art uses four lines, each line having seven syllables only.

Black feminism remains important because U.S. Black women constitute an oppressed group. As a collectivity, U.S. Black women participate in a dialectical relationship linking African American women's oppression and activism. Dialectical relationships of this sort mean that two parties are opposed and opposite. As long as Black women's subordination within intersecting oppressions of race, class, gender, sexuality, and nation persists, Black feminism as an activist response to that oppression will remain needed.

In 1948 he earned a doctorate at the University of Basel. His thesis, Collective suffixes and the concept of collectivity in French, under the direction of eminent romanist Walther von Wartburg. He became a disciple of von Wartburg and one of his principal collaborators on his Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (French Etymological Dictionary), which reached twenty-five volumes. Being a Swiss citizen like his teacher, Baldinger was able to cross the borders of the Cold War.

On 2 May, the Collectivity announced the arrival of local testing equipment, and will be able to test up to 16 tests per hour to prepare for deconfinement and a return of the virus. €2 million has been allocated for testing since April. On 9 May, an amendment of Michel Magras, Senator of Saint Barthélemy, to limit the quarantine to people who had tested positive, in order to resume tourism, failed to pass.

It is named after Queen Juliana, who landed here while still only heir presumptive in 1944, the year after the airport opened. The airport has very low-altitude flyover landing approaches, owing to one end of its runway being extremely close to the shore and Maho Beach. There is also an airport on the French side of the island, in the French Collectivity of Saint Martin, called Aéroport de Grand Case or L'Espérance Airport.

It was not a unified movement but rather "a cauldron of beliefs, fears and hopes that found expression in various movements and were often articulated in an emotional tone".Petteri Pietikäinen, "The Volk and Its Unconscious: Jung, Hauer and the 'German Revolution. Journal of Contemporary History 35.4 (October 2000: 523–539), p. 524 According to historian Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke, Völkisch denoted the "national collectivity inspired by a common creative energy, feelings and sense of individuality.

The temporary synagogue was replaced by a new synagogue off Billy Folly Road in Simpson Bay. A daily minyan operates in the building, interrupted by the 2020 coronavirus pandemic in Sint Maarten. The number of Jews who permanently live on Sint Maarten has been estimated to number 200. The community provides services to Jews who live on Sint Maarten as well as Jews who visit it, the Collectivity of Saint Martin, and Anguilla.

Wallis and Futuna, officially the Territory of the Wallis and Futuna Islands. (; or ', Fakauvea and Fakafutuna: '), is a French island collectivity in the South Pacific between Tuvalu to the northwest, Fiji to the southwest, Tonga to the southeast, Samoa to the east, and Tokelau to the northeast. Its land area is with a population of 11,558 at the 2018 census (down from 14,944 at the 2003 census). Matā'Utu is the capital and biggest city.

On 18 June 2018, Feucher was appointed Prefect of Saint-Martin and Saint-Barthélemy. The islands used to be part of Guadeloupe, however on 7 February 2007 they became an overseas collectivity with a Prefect for both islands to represent the State, but also to handle the non-military aspect of crises. Sylvie Feucher is therefore in charge of the management of the 2020 coronavirus pandemic in French Saint Martin and Saint Barthélemy.

Saint Barthélemy was for many years a French commune forming part of Guadeloupe, which is an overseas region and department of France. Through a referendum in 2003, island residents sought separation from the administrative jurisdiction of Guadeloupe, and it was finally accomplished in 2007. The island of Saint Barthélemy became an Overseas Collectivity (COM). A governing territorial council was elected for its administration, which has provided the island with a certain degree of autonomy.

Gran Sanblé pou ba peyi an chans, a coalition of the Martinican Independence Movement and right-wing parties, led by Alfred Marie-Jeanne defeated ', a coalition of left-wing parties, led by Serge Letchimy, winning 33 seats out of 51 seats of the new Territorial Collectivity's assembly during the election held on December 13, 2015 in Martinique. On December 18, 2015 Alfred Marie-Jeanne was elected the first president of the Executive Council of the Territorial Collectivity of Martinique.

For him, sociology was the science of institutions, if this term is understood in its broader meaning as "beliefs and modes of behaviour instituted by the collectivity" and its aim being to discover structural social facts. Durkheim was a major proponent of structural functionalism, a foundational perspective in both sociology and anthropology. In his view, social science should be purely holistic;"The first and most fundamental rule is: Consider social facts as things." Durkheim, Emile. 1895.

The regional capital is Ajaccio. Although the region is divided into two administrative departments, Haute-Corse and Corse-du-Sud, their respective regional and departmental territorial collectivities were merged on 1 January 2018 to form the single territorial collectivity of Corsica. As such, Corsica enjoys a greater degree of autonomy than other French regional collectivities, for example the Corsican Assembly is permitted to exercise limited executive powers. Corsica’s second-largest town is Bastia, the prefecture city of Haute- Corse.

Lord found the collectivity he was looking for in teaching. He became a professor in the Arts department at University of California, San Diego in 1981 after UCSD wanted to add a position in "video art." After working there on and off for nearly 3 years, he was hired as a full-time professor. Dissatisfied with the town, Lord left San Diego and decided to try out a teaching position at University of California, Santa Cruz for a year.

Newly created were Essonne (91), Hauts-de-Seine (92), Seine-Saint-Denis (93), Val-de-Marne (94) and Val-d'Oise (95). Most of them received numbers that had previously been allocated to the in French Algeria. Saint Pierre and Miquelon, now a self- governing overseas collectivity with its own registration plates, was a proper between 1976 and 1985. As such, it could have had FNI format car plates but it always kept its own local format.

The geology of the Collectivity of Saint Martin consists of andesite tuff and tuff breccia from the middle and late Eocene, intruded by hypabyssal basalt, quartz diorite and younger andesite. Volcanic activity led to metamorphism of many rocks and the tilting and folding of the tuff series. Limestone and marl was later unconformably deposited atop the eroded volcanic rocks as volcanic activity shifted elsewhere. Large boulder ridges and solitary boulders on high cliffs suggest tectonic-related tsunamis.

Société Aircalin, also known as Air Calédonie International, is the international airline of the French collectivity of New Caledonia, with its headquarters in Nouméa. It operates scheduled services from its main base at La Tontouta International Airport to destinations across Oceania and Asia, including Japan, and additionally operates domestic services in Wallis and Futuna. The airline is 99% owned by the Government of New Caledonia, with the remaining 1% held by minority owners, including the airline's employees.

For Bakhtin, carnival is associated with the collectivity. Those attending a carnival do not merely constitute a crowd; rather the people are seen as a whole, organized in a way that defies socioeconomic and political organization.Clark and Holquist 302 According to Bakhtin, “[A]ll were considered equal during carnival. Here, in the town square, a special form of free and familiar contact reigned among people who were usually divided by the barriers of caste, property, profession, and age”.

Saint- Barthélemy became an overseas collectivity of France in February 2007, the same political status as Saint Martin. Following the dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles in 2010, the public bodies of Saba and Sint Eustatius could become eligible to compete as separate entities within the Caribbean Football Union. Bonaire, which also has this political status, became a CFU member (and CONCACAF associate member) in April 2013. Each of these areas is an integral part of the Netherlands.

Sébastien Vahaamahina (born 21 October 1991 in New Caledonia) is a French rugby union player of Wallisian origin from the French-administered South Pacific overseas collectivity of New Caledonia. His position is Lock and he currently plays for Clermont Auvergne in the Top 14. He began his career in New Caledonia and after moving to France, played with Brive before moving to Perpignan from 2011 to 2014. He was called up for France for the 2012 autumn internationals.

Satellite Image of Makatea Island Makatea, or Mangaia-te-vai-tamae, is a raised coral atoll in the northwestern part of the Tuamotus, which is a part of the French overseas collectivity of French Polynesia. It is located southwest from Rangiroa to the west of the Palliser group, which also is in French Polynesia. Makatea is surrounded by spectacular cliffs, rising to a plateau above sea level. This island is long, with a maximum width of in the south.

The Corsican Donkey, , , is a breed of domestic donkey from the Mediterranean island of Corsica, a région and territorial collectivity of France. It is not recognised by the Ministère de l'agriculture, de l'agroalimentaire et de la forêt, the French ministry of agriculture, or by the Haras Nationaux, the French national stud; nor is it reported to the DAD-IS database of the FAO. Its numbers have fallen alarmingly; two associations are seeking its official recognition as a breed.

Willemstad, the capital of Curaçao and the largest city in the Dutch Caribbean Dutch Caribbean Coast Guard cutter There are three Caribbean islands that are countries () within the Kingdom of the Netherlands: Aruba, Curaçao, and Sint Maarten. The Netherlands is the fourth and largest constituent country in the Kingdom. Sint Maarten comprises approximately one half of the island of Saint Martin. The northern half of the island – the Collectivity of Saint Martin – is an overseas territory of France.

The treaty was ratified on 1 August 2007. Among the provisions of the treaty is a requirement for a visa or a landing permit for both the Dutch and French sides if a foreigner is to visit the island of Saint Martin. However, the provisions have not been implemented. On 1 January 2009, the population of Saint Martin was 77,741 inhabitants – 40,917 living on the Dutch Sint Maarten and 36,824 living on the French Collectivity of Saint Martin.

Saint Martin remains part of the European Union. The new governance structure befitting an overseas collectivity took effect on 15 July 2007 with the first session of the Territorial Council (). This is a unicameral body of 23 members, with elections held every five years. The first President of the Territorial Council was Louis-Constant Fleming, however on 25 July 2008 Fleming resigned after being sanctioned by the Conseil d'État for one year over problems with his 2007 election campaign.

However, France maintains control over justice, security and public order, currency, defence, and foreign policy. New Caledonia, which has the unique status of a sui generis collectivity, is also sometimes incorrectly referred to as an overseas country. The people of New Caledonia voted against becoming an overseas country and chose to remain part of France in the 2018 New Caledonian independence referendum and 2020 New Caledonian independence referendum, although the legislature may choose to hold another referendum in 2022.

Morne du Vitet is the highest point of Saint Barthélemy, an overseas collectivity of France located in the Caribbean, with an elevation of 286 metres (938 ft). The mountain is located in the eastern part of the island. The gentler slopes to the east and north are settled, while the steeper slopes to the west and south are free of buildings. The steepest slope is to the south, where it reaches the sea within a distance of 400 meters.

Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (ARA; ; ; ; ) is a region in southeast-central France created by the territorial reform of French Regions in 2015; it resulted from the merger of Auvergne and Rhône-Alpes. The new region came into effect on 1 January 2016, after the regional elections in December 2015. The region covers an area of , making it the third largest in metropolitan France, and has a population of 7,948,287, second only to Île-de-France. It consists of 12 departments and one territorial collectivity.

It is defined as an "overseas country" under the 1998 Nouméa Accord, and enjoys a high degree of self- government. Currently, in regard to the EU, it is one of the Overseas Countries and Territories (OCT). As a result of the Nouméa Accord, New Caledonians voted on an independence referendum in November 2018. This referendum was to determine whether the territory would remain a part of the French Republic as a "sui generis collectivity", or whether it would become an independent state.

In 1957, the ' were renamed French Polynesia. In 1983 French Polynesia became a member of the Pacific Community, a regional development organization. Since 28 March 2003, French Polynesia has been an overseas collectivity of the French Republic under the constitutional revision of article 74, and later gained, with law 2004-192 of 27 February 2004, an administrative autonomy, two symbolic manifestations of which are the title of the President of French Polynesia and its additional designation as an overseas country.

It appeared on the government website. There is another coat of the Collectivity of Saint Martin which was used. It features palm leaves in front of a sun to symbolize the tropical climate, a pelican symbolizing the fauna of the island, a hibiscus symbolizing the flora, a ship symbolizing the tourism-related boating and the words "Collectivité de Saint Martin" on the top. The commune that existed until 22 February 2007 used similar arms but with the legend "Ville de Saint Martin".

Map of the island of Saint Martin The France–Netherlands border, or Saint Martin–Sint Maarten border, is the border between the Saint Martin, an overseas collectivity of France, and Sint Maarten, a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, on the island of Saint Martin in the Caribbean. The island is divided roughly 60:40 between the French Republic () and the Kingdom of the Netherlands () by the 16 km (10 m) border, however the two parts are roughly equal in population.

He destroyed the group's equipment in the incident, and the Graveyard Five disbanded before the single could be released. A whole set of material, fit enough for a complete album, was also composed and recorded, but that too has yet to be distributed. Since its original release, "The Marble Orchard" has become recognized on several compilation albums, including most prominently on Pebbles, Volume 16. An original copy of the Graveyard Five's single fetches sums of up to $4,500, a testament to its collectivity.

The Metropolis of Lyon' (), also known as ' (i.e. "Greater Lyon"), is a French territorial collectivity located in the east-central region of Auvergne-Rhône- Alpes. It is a directly elected metropolitan authority encompassing the city of Lyon and most of its suburbs. It has jurisdiction as both a department and a métropole, taking the territory out of the purview of the department of Rhône. It had a population of 1,385,927 in 2017, 37.2% of whom lived in the city of Lyon proper.

Les élections du futur conseil territorial font débat - Politique - Nouvelles sur Newmedia.fr - New Media : Infos Guadeloupe, Martinique, Guyane, Saint-Martin, Saint-Barthelémy, Caraïbes - Infos Newmedia.fr Saint Martin remains part of the European Union.The Treaty of Lisbon states that Saint-Martin is a part of the EU. See: The new governance structure befitting an overseas collectivity took effect on 15 July 2007 with the first session of the Territorial Council () and the election of Louis-Constant Fleming as president of the Territorial Council.

These officials must be from at least 30 départements or overseas collectivities, and no more than 10% of them should be from the same département or collectivity.. Furthermore, each official may nominate only one candidate. There are exactly 45,543 elected officials, including 33,872 mayors. Spending and financing of campaigns and political parties are highly regulated. There is a cap on spending (at approximately €20 million) and government public financing of 50% of spending if the candidate scores more than 5%.

Saint Martin is the only overseas collectivity of France with the status of being an outermost region of the EU.Outermost regions, Fact Sheets on the European Union, European Parliament. Retrieved 6 November 2019. As with the French overseas departments, the euro is legal tender in Saint Martin, and it is outside the Schengen Area and the EU VAT Area. On 22 February 2007, Saint Martin and Saint Barthélemy were broken away from the French overseas department of Guadeloupe to form new overseas collectivities.

From 4 May onwards, the Louis- Constant Fleming Hospital together with the Red Cross will start screening and testing the population starting with the French Quarter, Sandy Ground and St. James. President Daniel Gibbs announced that the beaches will reopen on 8 May. The rules concerning reopening of businesses, shops and restaurant are being discussed, but there will be a deconfinement on 11 May. President Daniel Gibbs announced in a press conference that the Collectivity will start to reopen on 11 May.

The Nazis provided a plethora of social welfare programs under the Nazi concept of Volksgemeinschaft, which promoted the collectivity of a people's community where citizens would sacrifice themselves for the greater good. The NSV operated 8,000 day- nurseries by 1939 and funded holiday homes for mothers, distributed additional food for large families and was involved with a wide variety of other facilities.Richard J. Evans (2005). The Third Reich in Power, 1933-1939. New York City, New York: The Penguin Press. p. 489.

In April 2009, the French National Assembly voted to approve the extension of PACS to two French overseas collectivities: New Caledonia and Wallis and Futuna. Thus, couples in New Caledonia and Wallis and Futuna are able to enter a PACS in the same way as couples in Metropolitan France. Given their autonomous status, these collectivities did not automatically begin performing PACS when they were introduced in Metropolitan France in 1999. French Polynesia is the only collectivity where PACS cannot be performed.

The Natural Park of the Coral Sea (French:Le Parc Naturel de la Mer de Corail), founded in 2014, is a marine park located in New Caledonia, a special collectivity of France. As of 2017 it is the fourth largest so-called "protected area" in the world, encompassing 1,292,967 square kilometres (499217 sq miles). It includes the UNESCO World Heritage site The Lagoons of New Caledonia: Reef Diversity and Associated Ecosystems. Its status as an effectively protected area is actually subject to debate.

Welcome to Lakabe sign Cañada has been trained in ways to create collectivity, to express oneself in a group, to live in community, to implement structures that allow horizontal decision-making, in process facilitation, experimental education and non-violent communication. It has also been formed in other communities such as Findhorn. Lakabe, Navarra Since 2004 she has been a facilitator of change processes, performs situation diagnoses for social groups, accompanies them in their own processes and teaches courses and workshops.

Kanak (French spelling until 1984: Canaque) are the indigenous Melanesian inhabitants of New Caledonia, an overseas collectivity of France in the southwest Pacific. According to the 2014 census, they make up 39.1% of the total population with around 105,000 people. Though Melanesian settlement is recorded on Grande Terre's Presqu'île de Foué as far back as the Lapita culture, the origin of Kanak people is unclear. Ethnographic research has shown that Polynesian seafarers have intermarried with the Kanaks over the centuries.

Beginning in 1777, the substantial powers assumed by Congress "made the league of states as cohesive and strong as any similar sort of republican confederation in history".Wood, Gordon S., "The Creation of the American Republic, 1776–1787" (1972) , p. 359. The process created the United States "by the people in collectivity, rather than by the individual states", because only four states had constitutions at the time of the Declaration of Independence in 1776, and three of those were provisional. The Supreme Court in Penhallow v.

He abandoned Zionism at an early age, while remaining a nationalist, which he regarded as a natural feeling for desiring to belong to a collectivity, legitimate for Jews as it was for Arabs. Zionism's mission, in his view, ended with the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948. In 1947 Avnery founded his own small group, Eretz Yisrael HaTze'ira ("Young Land of Israel"), which published the journal Ma'avak ("Struggle"). From 1941 to 1946, he wrote for two fascist newspapers, HaHevrah (Society) and BaMa'avak (In the Struggle).

Amorales works in a variety of media, including video, animation, painting, drawing, sculpture, and performance. Much of his work explores the limits of language and translation systems to venture into the field of cultural experimentation. He uses graphic production as a tool to develop linguistic structures and alternative working models that allow new forms of interpretation and foster collectivity. In his projects, Amorales examines identity construction processes, proposes a constant re signification of forms present in his work, and provokes a clash between art and pop culture.

As both the distribution of state and functionality are hidden behind the object interface their respective distribution over the fragments is also arbitrary. In addition, an application using a fragmented object can also tolerate a change in distributions which is achieved by exchanging the fragment at one or multiple hosts. This procedure can either be triggered by a user who changes object properties or by the fragmented object itself (that is the collectivity of its fragments) e.g., when some fragment is considered to have failed.

Anger is thus comparative. One of his key insight is that "The potential for collective violence varies strongly with the intensity and scope of relative deprivation among members of a collectivity". This means that different individuals within society will have different propensities to rebel based on their particular internalization of their situation. As such, Gurr differentiates between three types of political violence: # Turmoil when only the mass population encounters relative deprivation; # Conspiracy when the population but especially the elite encounters relative deprivation; # Internal War, which includes revolution.

Nancy's dissertation for his Doctorat d'État looked at the works of Kant, Schelling, Sartre and Heidegger, and concentrated on their treatment of the topic of freedom. It was published in 1988 as L'Expérience de la Liberté (The Experience of Freedom). Since then, Nancy has continued to concentrate on developing a reorientation of Heidegger's work. Nancy treats freedom as a property of the individual or collectivity, and looks for a "non-subjective" freedom which would attempt to think the existential or finite origin for every freedom.

Aetas as illustrated in Carta Hydrographica y Chorographica de las Yslas Filipinas, 1734. The caption in Spanish describes them as "wild men of the mountains".An artist's illustration of Aetas in 1885. The Aeta people in the Philippines are often grouped with other Negritos, such as the Semang on the Malay Peninsula, and sometimes grouped with Australo-Melanesians, which includes groups such as the natives of Australia; Papuans; and the Melanesians of the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, Fiji, and the French overseas special collectivity of New Caledonia.

The islands of Saint Pierre and Miquelon are in the North American region, like Bermuda (a CFU member), and are currently not affiliated to either FIFA or CONCACAF. However, the French overseas collectivity has the same political status as French Polynesia, who play in the Oceania Football Confederation as Tahiti and competed as Saint Pierre at the 2010 and 2012 Coupes de l'Outre-Mer. As such, it would appear that Saint Pierre is not precluded from joining CONCACAF and potentially, like Bermuda, the Caribbean Football Union.

In the mid 2000s, Mecija contributed to turning her home on Bellwoods Avenue into a community hub for young artists and musicians. In part driven by a push back against an industry driven by capital and market trends, the space was focused on collaboration and collectivity. She hosted concerts in her basement, showcasing and supporting emerging artists, many of whom have become notable musicians. She co-founded the Friends in Bellwoods music project, which has raised thousands of dollars for the Daily Bread Food Bank of Toronto.

Map of Vanuatu with its capital Port Vila, located on its third largest island. Vanuatu is a Y-shaped archipelago consisting of about 83 relatively small, geologically newer islands of volcanic origin (65 of them inhabited), with about between the most northern and southern islands. Two of these islands (Matthew and Hunter) are also claimed and controlled by France as part of the French collectivity of New Caledonia. The country lies between latitudes 13°S and 21°S and longitudes 166°E and 171°E.

In June 2009 Marles was appointed Parliamentary Secretary for Innovation and Industry. He retained his seat in the 2010 election and was sworn in as Parliamentary Secretary for Pacific Island Affairs in the First Gillard Ministry on 14 September 2010. In July 2011, Marles became the first Australian member of parliament to visit Wallis and Futuna. Marles arrived in Wallis and Futuna to attend a ceremony with King Kapiliele Faupala in Mata-Utu marking the 50th anniversary of the islands' status as a French Overseas collectivity.

In the pamphlet Anarchism: The Feminist Connection (1975), Kornegger uses three major principles to define anarchism: # "Belief in the abolition of authority, hierarchy, government." # "Belief in both individuality and collectivity." # "Belief in both spontaneity and organization." She uses the example of an anarchist tradition in Spain leading to spontaneous appropriation of factories and land during the Spanish Civil War to highlight the possibility of collective revolutionary change, and the failure of the 1968 French strike to highlight the problems of inadequate preparation and left-wing authoritarianism.

Kang was born in the French overseas collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon to a Korean father and French mother. He and his family relocated to the Canary Islands and finally North Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, in 1988 when he was 11 years old. After some years from their arrival to Vancouver, he started taking Hapkido lessons by encouragement of his parents. Kang transitioned into Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu in high school because he wanted to improve in his ground game more than practice self-defense.

Overseas country () is the designation for the overseas collectivity of French Polynesia. French Polynesia was an overseas territory until the constitutional reform on 28 March 2003 created the overseas collectivities. Then, on 27 February 2004 a law was passed giving French Polynesia the particular designation of overseas country while recalling that it belongs to the category of overseas collectivities. However, the Constitutional Council of France ruled that this description was merely a designation and not a legal status, as that would have been unconstitutional.

Another key elements to Durkheim's theory of knowledge outlined in Elementary Forms is the concept of ("collective representations"). ' are the symbols and images that come to represent the ideas, beliefs, and values elaborated by a collectivity and are not reducible to individual constituents. They can include words, slogans, ideas, or any number of material items that can serve as a symbol, such as a cross, a rock, a temple, a feather etc. As Durkheim elaborates, ' are created through intense social interaction and are products of collective activity.

Born in Passamainty, Mayotte, France, Ben began his career on the French overseas collectivity of Mayotte. He moved to the island of Réunion to play for the Réunion Premier League giants JS Saint-Pierroise. In 2006, he joined Le Havre. After spending one year in the reserves, El Fardou was promoted to the senior squad. He made his professional debut and start for Le Havre on 3 March 2008 in a Ligue 2 match against Troyes AC, playing 72 minutes before being subbed out.

The merger has been, and still is, strongly opposed by some groups in Alsace, and a large majority of Alsatians. The territorial reform law allows new regions to choose the seat of the regional councils, but specifically made Strasbourg the seat of the Grand Est regional council—a move to appease the region's politicians. The creation of the new region was unpopular among Alsatians. In response, the Government created the European Collectivity of Alsace merging the departments of Bas Rhin and Haut Rhin, to take effect in 2021.

The politics of Mayotte takes place in a framework of a French overseas region and department, until 2011 an overseas collectivity. Local politics takes place in a parliamentary representative democratic setting whereby the President of the General Council is the head of government, of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. The status of Mayotte changed in 2001 towards one very close to the status of the départements of mainland France, with the particular designation of collectivité départementale, although the island is still claimed by the Comoros.

Bafoussam is the capital and largest city of the West Region of Cameroon, in the Bamboutos Mountains. It is the 3rd most important (financially) city in Cameroon, after Yaounde and Douala. The communauté urbaine (Urban Community) of Bafoussam, is a decentralized territorial collectivity. Originally called Urban Commune of Bafoussam, the communauté urbaine (Urban Community) of Bafoussam, was born after the Presidential Decree N ° 2008/022 of January 17, 2008 and composed of three communes, namely: the Commune of Bafoussam I (Bafoussam proper), the Commune of Bafoussam II (Baleng) and the Commune of Bafoussam III (Bamougoum).

The busiest seaway in the world, the English Channel, connects ports in Great Britain such as Dover, Newhaven, Poole, Weymouth, Portsmouth and Plymouth to ports such as Roscoff, Calais, Boulogne, Dunkerque, Dieppe, Cherbourg-Octeville, Caen, St Malo and Le Havre in mainland France. Companies such as Brittany Ferries, P&O; Ferries, DFDS Seaways and LD Lines operate ferry services across the Channel. In addition, there are ferries across the Anguilla Channel between Blowing Point, Anguilla (a British Overseas Territory) and Marigot, Saint Martin (an overseas collectivity of France).

Tahitians were granted French citizenship, a right that had been campaigned for by nationalist leader Pouvanaa a Oopa for many years. In 2003, French Polynesia's status was changed to that of an overseas collectivity (collectivité d'outre-mer), and in 2004 it was declared an overseas country (pays d'outre-mer or POM). In 2009, Tauatomo Mairau claimed the Tahitian throne and attempted to re-assert the status of the monarchy in court. On 2 April 2018, the Chinese space station Tiangong-1 de-orbited and fell to Earth, narrowly missing Tahiti as it disintegrated.

Brothers Keepers presented themselves and delivered their message in traditionally masculine ways. Their presentation was heavily influenced by the Black masculinity of mainstream American Hip-Hop, but maintained a distinctly Afro-German identity and spoke to Afro-German issues. Especially in lyrics and videos that were explicitly against Nazism and anti-Blackness in Germany, they formed a confrontational masculine collectivity. This was reaffirmed by their exclusion of women from their music and videos, an absence which they claimed was due to female performers being pregnant or on maternity leave.

In some cases, women have banded together to resist the rising tolls and taxes imposed on them. Political scientist Katharine Newbury studied a group of Tembo women growers of cassava and peanuts west of Lac Kivu who successfully protested against the imposition of excessive collectivity taxes and market taxes levied on them when they went to market. The local chief was hostile. But a sympathetic local Catholic church, which provided a forum for meetings and assistance in letter writing, was helpful, as was the ethnic homogeneity of the group.

The song features many strings, fast drums, heavy guitars and orchestrations as den Adel delivers a lighter and more natural tone and Turunen a deeper and more powerful singing. Lyrically the song is about collectivity and it is based on the speech given by retired four-star general Peter van Uhm on May 4, 2013, which addressed the importance of not thinking only of "yourself" or "them", but "us". On reviewing the earlier EP, critic Simon Bower described it as "every female fronted metal fan utopian song" mainly because of the cited duet.

Richard Stites writes: > His best-known work, Ivan Lapshin (1937), was a police novel in a provincial > setting whose main theme was the integration of criminals into society > through order and labor. In this sense it resembles old bandit tales in > which outlaws are reintegrated into society by colluding with the > authorities. The novel incorporates a vision of collectivity (the policemen > live in a commune), rationalism, culture, and social tranquility unperturbed > by the black discord of crime. For good measure, Lapshin acts as mentor to > his junior colleague.

Guadeloupe (Grande-Terre and Basse-Terre), along with its dependencies (Marie-Galante, Saint Martin, Saint Barthélemy, Îles des Saintes and la Désirade), were an overseas department since 1946 and a single- department overseas region since 1982. Within Marie-Galante the three communes are Capesterre-de-Marie-Galante, Grand-Bourg and Saint-Louis. Together, these were designated as an intercommunal entity on January 8, 1994, the first to be created in an overseas department. In 2007, Saint-Martin and Saint-Barthélemy each became an overseas collectivity, making them politically separate from Guadeloupe.

What distinguishes a CAS from a pure multi-agent system (MAS) is the focus on top-level properties and features like self-similarity, complexity, emergence and self-organization. A MAS is defined as a system composed of multiple interacting agents; whereas in CAS, the agents as well as the system are adaptive and the system is self- similar. A CAS is a complex, self-similar collectivity of interacting, adaptive agents. Complex Adaptive Systems are characterized by a high degree of adaptive capacity, giving them resilience in the face of perturbation.

Wine-growing areas on Corsica and the location of the various appellations. Corsica wine is wine made on the Mediterranean island of Corsica. Located 90 km west of Italy, 170 km southeast of France and 11 km north of the island of Sardinia, the island is a territorial collectivity of France, but many of the region's winemaking traditions and its grape varieties are Italian in origin. The region's viticultural history can be traced to the island's settlement by Phoceans traders in 570 BC in what is now the commune of Aléria.

Due to protests it was decided in 2019 that Bas-Rhin and Haut-Rhin would form the future European Collectivity of Alsace in 2021. Alsatian is an Alemannic dialect closely related to Swabian and Swiss German, although since World War II most Alsatians primarily speak French. Internal and international migration since 1945 has also changed the ethnolinguistic composition of Alsace. For more than 300 years, from the Thirty Years' War to World War II, the political status of Alsace was heavily contested between France and various German states in wars and diplomatic conferences.

There are territories of Schengen member states that are exempted from the Schengen Agreement. Areas located outside Europe are not part of the Schengen Area. The only areas of Schengen member states located in Europe but excluded are the Faroe Islands and Svalbard. The French overseas departments of French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte and Réunion, and the overseas collectivity of Saint Martin are part of the European Union but do not form part of the Schengen Area, meaning that it is not possible to travel to those departments with a French Schengen Visa.

Bakhtin 10 The carnival atmosphere holds the lower strata of life most important, as opposed to higher functions (thought, speech, soul) which were usually held dear in the signifying order. At carnival time, the unique sense of time and space causes individuals to feel they are a part of the collectivity, at which point they cease to be themselves. It is at this point that, through costume and mask, an individual exchanges bodies and is renewed. At the same time there arises a heightened awareness of one’s sensual, material, bodily unity and community.

"Scientism does not eliminate the will but decides that since the results of science are valid for everyone, this will must be something shared, not individual. In practice, the individual must submit to the collectivity, which "knows" better than he does." to describe (for example) the dogmatic endorsement of scientific methodology and the reduction of all knowledge to only that which is measured or confirmatory. More generally, scientism is interpreted as science applied "in excess". This use of the term scientism has two senses: # The improper usage of science or scientific claims.

Flag of the Territorial Collectivity of Martinique used in sporting events In 2018, the launched a competition to create a flag to be used to represent Martinique at international sporting and/or cultural events. The anthem and the flag were chosen by the president of the Martinique Executive Council, Alfred Marie- Jeanne. They were officially presented on May 10, 2019. The flag bears in its center a Lobatus gigas, commonly called Lambi: it is an emblematic shell of the Antilles whose conch is used as a traditional musical instrument.

The FrancoForum is a specialized language teaching facility owned and operated by the local government in Saint-Pierre and Miquelon, a French collectivity located off the coast of Newfoundland, Canada. Staffed by professional French instructors, the institute offers a variety of courses for both students and teachers wishing to improve their fluency. The FrancoForum is best known for hosting Le Programme Frecker, a 3-month French immersion program offered to students at Memorial University of Newfoundland. The program, which began in 1973, was originally housed in a small building at the centre of town.

Others have found similarities of Rodnover ideas with those of the Nouvelle Droite (European New Right). Rodnovery typically gives preeminence to the rights of the collectivity over the rights of the individual, and Rodnover social values are conservative. Common themes are the opposition to cosmopolitanism, liberalism, and globalisation, as well as Americanisation and consumerism. The scholar Kaarina Aitamurto has defined Rodnovers' applied political systems as forms of grassroots democracy, or as a samoderzhavie ("people ruling themselves") system, based on the ancient Slavic model of the veche (assembly) of the elders, similar to ancient Greek democracy.

Willow Springs Lake on the Mogollon Rim in Arizona Willow Springs Lake is a cold water lake located on top of the Mogollon Rim in northern Arizona, about east of the city of Payson in the Apache-Sitgreaves National Forests, immediately adjacent to SR 260. It is a canyon-bound lake located on the Mogollon Rim, and is part of the collectivity known as the Rim Lakes. It can be found upstream from Chevelon Canyon Lake. The facilities are maintained by Apache-Sitgreaves National Forests division of the USDA Forest Service.

Retrieved March 29, 2011 In 1960, the first motorcycle race on Frohburger Dreieck took place, and in 1962 the first motocross competition on the track Am Kaplanberg. The neighbouring community of Streitwald was incorporated into the town in 1973, followed by Greifenhain in 1995, Benndorf in 1997, and Eschefeld, Frauendorf, Roda, Nenkersdorf and Schönau in 1999. On 1 January 2008 Frohburg and the community of Eulatal formed an administrative collectivity which ended a year later when Eulatal joined the community of Frohburg. The town of Kohren-Sahlis was incorporated into the town in 2018.

On 2 March 1982, Île-de-France, like the other French regions, was turned into a "territorial collectivity". In other words, it was changed from an administrative region of the state to a full-fledged political entity, on par with the departments and communes. The powers of the regions were expanded, direct elections of the regional councils were scheduled, and the presidents of the regional councils were given full executive powers. The first direct election of the regional council by the inhabitants of Île-de- France was held on 16 March 1986.

When it comes to the borrowing of American Indian culture, Philip J. Deloria dubs it "playing Indian," which he defines as the adoption or portrayal of being Native by Anglo-American individuals. These actions are often motivated by hobby and sometimes financial gain. Further, Deloria writes that these individuals and groups who play Indian build a collectivity in their performance of otherness, which in turn defines their own identity through the distinction of playing the national "other." Katrin Sieg applies the thoughts and ideas of Deloria to the performance studies field in Germany.

Through disidentification, the disidentifying subject is able to rework the cultural codes of the mainstream to read themselves into the mainstream, a simultaneous insertion and subversion. By the mode of disidentification, queer subjects are directed towards the future. Through the use of shame and "misrecognition through failed interpellation, queer collectivity neither assimilates nor strictly opposes the dominant regime," but works on strategies that result in queer counterpublics. His theory on disidentification is foundational to understandings of queer of color performance art and has proved indispensable across a wide variety of disciplines.

Dictionnaire caraïbe-françois, Auxerre, Chez Gilles Bouquet, 1665. the island lies about south-east of the Caribbean island Saint Martin and north-east of the Dutch islands of Saba, Sint Eustatius, and the independent country of Saint Kitts and Nevis. Saint Barthélemy was for many years a French commune forming part of Guadeloupe, which is an overseas region and department of France. In 2003 the island voted in favour of secession from Guadeloupe in order to form a separate overseas collectivity (collectivité d'outre-mer, abbreviated to COM) of France.

And secondly, how should production be organised so that, when > goods are so distributed, the members of society obtain the maximum > ophelimity? His answer is an informal precursor of the second theorem: > Having distributed goods according to the answer to the first problem, the > state should allow the members of the collectivity to operate a second > distribution, or operate it itself, in either case making sure that it is > performed in conformity with the workings of free competition.This and the > preceding quotation have been condensed from §53 and §55 of Chap. VI.

Davies says this was particularly useful in Bloch's study of village communities as "the strength of communal traditions often preserves earlier customs in a more or less fossilized state". Bloch studied peasant tools in museums, and in action, and discussed their use with the people themselves. He believed that in observing a plough or an annual harvest one was observing history, as more often than not both the technology and the technique were much the same as they had been hundreds of years earlier. However, the individuals themselves were not his focus, which was on "the collectivity, the community, the society".

The intellectuals said, "Tens of thousands of people are being mobilized for hardship and toil to leave their work and go far from their homes and fields, separated from their parents, wives and children, to take up a life in collectivity in order to construct beautiful but useless agro-villes which tire the people, lose their affection, increase their resentment and most of all give an additional opportunity for propaganda to the enemy."Zasloff, Joseph J. "Rural Resettlement in South Vietnam: The Agroville Program", Pacific Affairs, Vol. 35, No. 4 (Winter 1962-1963), p. 337. Downloaded from JSTOR.

Under the terms of Article 74 of the French constitution and the Organic Law 2014-192 on the statute of autonomy of French Polynesia, politics of French Polynesia takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic French overseas collectivity, whereby the President of French Polynesia is the head of government, and of a multi- party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the Assembly of French Polynesia (the territorial assembly). Political life in French Polynesia has been marked by great instability since the mid-2000s.

By 1901, with the annexation of the last independent monarchies of Rimatara and Rurutu in the Austral Islands, the French Establishment of Oceania was formed. The five archipelagoes of the Society Islands, the Tuamotus, Austral Islands, Gambier Islands and Marquesas Islands were incorporated into the territory of French Oceania, which are today part of the overseas collectivity of French Polynesia. The French Protestant missionaries helped to preserve the indigenous language and culture of the islanders and the Maohi Protestant Church was later established to preserve the legacy of the indigenous and Protestant identity of the Society Islands.

Recognizing that the collectivity that once marked New York's cultural life was fast disappearing in the 1980s, Lotringer ceased regular publication of the Semiotexte journal in 1985, though book-length issues occasionally appeared into the 1990s. In its place, he instituted the Semiotexte Foreign Agents series – a collection of "little black books" by French theorists. Published with no introductions or afterwords, the books were conceived to present "theory brut" like champagne into the American cultural marketplace. The series debuted in 1983 with Jean Baudrillard's Simulations, excerpted by Lotringer from Symbolic Exchange and Death (Galilée, Paris: 1977) and Simulacra and Simulations (Gallimard, Paris: 1981).

Some mental health services address the effects of negative discourses about migrants and the way that traumatic experiences affect and fragment identity. A therapeutic support project in the Calais refugee camp focused on building spaces of collectivity and community, such as youth groups, to challenge the individualization of distress and trauma. This project encouraged discussion of refugees' small acts of resistance to difficult situations and promoted activities from migrants' cultural roots to develop a positive conception of identity. Other mental health approaches acknowledge core cultural tenets and work to structure the camp itself around these values.

" In 1963 he directed Rod Steiger in the film Hands over the City ("Le mani sulla città"), in which he courageously denounced the collusion between the various government departments and the crooked urban reconstruction programmes in Naples. The film was awarded the Golden Lion at the Venice Film Festival. The film, together with Salvatore Giuliano, is generally considered the first of his films concerning political issues, later to be expressed in the flexible and spontaneous acting of Gian Maria Volonté. Rosi himself explained the film's purpose: "What interests me passionately is how a character behaves in the relation to the collectivity of society.

The Coopérative de transport maritime et aérien (Groupe C.T.M.A.) operates a ferry service between terminals in Souris, Prince Edward Island, and Cap-aux-Meules, on the islands. CTMA also operates a seasonal cruise ferry service between the islands and Montreal, which sits on a river island surrounded by mainland Quebec.Schedule and rates - Ferry - Sea links crossing Îles de la Madeleine and Prince Edouard Island ferry, cruise on St-Lawrence The Magdalen Islands Airport, at Havre-aux-Maisons, offers scheduled air service to the mainland of Quebec and, seasonally, to the French overseas collectivity of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon.

Canada has a vast geography that occupies much of the continent of North America, sharing land borders with the contiguous United States to the south and the U.S. state of Alaska to the northwest. Canada stretches from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west; to the north lies the Arctic Ocean. Greenland is to the northeast and to the southeast Canada shares a maritime boundary with France's overseas collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon, the last vestige of New France. By total area (including its waters), Canada is the second-largest country in the world, after Russia.

Bora Bora (French: Bora-Bora; Tahitian: Pora Pora) is a island group in the Leeward group in the western part of the Society Islands of French Polynesia, an overseas collectivity of the French Republic in the Pacific Ocean. The main island, located about northwest of Papeete, is surrounded by a lagoon and a barrier reef. In the center of the island are the remnants of an extinct volcano rising to two peaks, Mount Pahia and Mount Otemanu, the highest point at . It is part of the commune of Bora-Bora, which also includes the atoll of Tūpai.

The Chilean branch of Hashomer Hatzair was founded more than 60 years ago and it continues educating young Jewish Chileans with the values of social justice, fraternity, Judaism and love for Israel. Currently there are 50–100 members aged 9–22 who meet every Saturday in the Ken located in Santiago. These are young chaverim that self organize and most of them do not belong to any Jewish collectivity or entity, thus most of them will have no link to anything Jewish if it wasn't for the tnua. For further info, visit the up-to-date website in Spanish.

Saint Martin was a French commune for many years and formed part of Guadeloupe, which is an overseas région and département of France and is therefore in the European Union. In 2003, the population of the French part of the island voted in favour of secession from Guadeloupe in order to form a separate overseas collectivity (COM) of France. On 9 February 2007, the French Parliament passed a bill granting COM status to both the French part of Saint Martin and neighbouring Saint Barthélemy. The new status took effect once the local assembly was elected on 15 February 2007.

Since 2016 France is mainly divided into 18 administrative regions: 13 regions in metropolitan France (including the territorial collectivity of Corsica), and five located overseas. The regions are further subdivided into 101 departments, which are numbered mainly alphabetically. This number is used in postal codes and was formerly used on vehicle number plates. Among the 101 departments of France, five (French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte, and Réunion) are in overseas regions (ROMs) that are also simultaneously overseas departments (DOMs), enjoy exactly the same status as metropolitan departments and are an integral part of the European Union.

French Polynesia is an overseas collectivity of France. It consists of six archipelagos: the Austral Islands, the Gambier Islands, the Marquesas Islands, the Tuāmotu Islands, plus the Leeward Islands and the Windward Islands (the last two collectively formerly known as the Society Islands). Although French Polynesia has no first-order administrative subdivisions within the meaning of the ISO 3166-2 coding scheme, there are five second-order subdivisions that correspond to each of the archipelagos, except that the Gambier and Tuāmotu Islands are combined into a single administrative division. None of these divisions has adopted an official flag.

It has also become the symbol for the identity of the Cajuns and Louisiana Creole people, and their French heritage. In Brazil, the city of Joinville has three fleurs-de-lis surmounted with a label of three points on its flag and coat of arms. Due to the city is named after François d'Orléans, Prince of Joinville, son of King Louis-Philippe I of France, who married Princess Francisca of Brazil in 1843. The fleur-de-lis appears on the coat of Guadeloupe, an overseas département of France in the Caribbean, Saint Barthélemy, an overseas collectivity of France, and French Guiana.

Collective representations are concepts, ideas, categories and beliefs that do not belong to isolated individuals, but are instead the product of a social collectivity. Durkheim originated the term collective representations to emphasise the way that many of the categories of everyday use–space, time, class, number etc–were in fact the product of collective human evolution:E Durkheim, The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life (London 1971), p. 9. “Collective representations are the result of an immense co-operation, which stretches not only into space but into time as well”.E Durkheim, The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life (London 1971), p. 16.

The COVID-19 pandemic in French Saint Martin is part of the ongoing global viral pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which was confirmed to have reached the French overseas collectivity of Saint Martin on 1 March 2020. The island is split in a Dutch and French part, with the main airport on the Dutch side and the major harbour on the French side. The first positive test was a French couple from Saint Martin who returned from France via Saint Barthélemy on 1 March 2020. They were screened and tested positive on the airport, but are counted on the French count.

Until 2007 the whole island of St. Barthélemy was a French commune (commune de Saint-Barthélemy), forming part of Guadeloupe which is an overseas région and overseas département of France. In 2003, the population voted through referendum in favour of secession from Guadeloupe in order to form a separate overseas collectivity (collectivité d'outre-mer, or COM) of France. On 7 February 2007, the French Parliament passed a bill granting COM status to both St. Barthélemy and (separately) to the neighbouring Saint Martin. The new status took effect on 15 July 2007, when the first territorial council was elected, according to the law. Legifrance.gouv.

St. Barthélemy became an overseas territory of the European Union on 1 January 2012, but the island's inhabitants remain French citizens with EU status holding EU passports. France is responsible for the defence of the island and as such has stationed a security force on the island comprising six policemen and thirteen gendarmes (posted on two-year term). The French State is represented by a Prefect appointed by the President on the advice of the Minister of the Interior. As a collectivity of France, the island's national anthem is La Marseillaise, though L'Hymne a St. Barthélemy is also used unofficially.

" The difference in treatment was the consequence of a conscious policy by the Italian military authorities. In July 1943, the Civil Affairs Office at the 2nd Army HQ issued a memorandum on "The Treatment of Jews in the Rab Camp", which was enthusiastically approved by chief of the office and the 2nd Army's chief of staff. The memorandum's author, a Major Prolo, urged that the infrastructure of the camp must be: :"...comfortable for all internees without risk to the maintenance of order and discipline. Inactivity and boredom are terrible evils which work silently on the individual and collectivity.

It was also in the 1930s that Desmond MacCarthy became perhaps the most widely read—and heard—literary critic with his columns in The Sunday Times and his broadcasts with the BBC. John Maynard Keynes's The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money (1936) made him one of the century's most influential economists. He died in 1946 after being much involved in monetary negotiations with the United States. The diversity yet collectivity of Later Bloomsbury's ideas and achievements can be summed up in a series of credos that were done in 1938, the year of the Munich Agreement.

It is, in fact, a spiritual adventure, represented through a journey into the past powered by the memory, preferably with an image of the sea, which ends in the penultimate elegy in the collection, which has been considered a kind of a spiritual song, with the rediscovery of own identity and personal divinity of God and of the collectivity. This religious dimension, which until then was not present in Riba's poetry, penetrated deeply throughout his thinking, including the conception of literature. That dimension appeared again in the later poetic works as Savage Heart (Salvatge cor) and Sketch of Three Oratorios (Esbós de tres oratoris).

Victor Reux (December 3, 1929 – June 3, 2016) was a French and Saint Pierre and Miquelon politician and teacher. He served in the French Senate, representing the overseas collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon, for nine years from October 1, 1995, until September 30, 2004. Reux, a fixture in Saint Pierre and Miquelon politics, was a teacher before entering politics in the early 1980s. During his political career, Reux served on the French Commission of UNESCO, a local municipal councilor, and a member of the departmental council of Saint Pierre and Miquelon. He was also a member of the l’assemblée des parlementaires de la Francophonie and the France-Canada Friendship Group.

Coat of arms of the Collectivity of Saint Martin, adapted in 2010 There are various logos and emblems used by the Territorial Council of Saint Martin, one of which is a logo contains the name "Saint-Martin", with "Caraïbe Française" and "French Caribbean" written in small text below. A blue ribbon depicts the stylized letter "S", while a green ribbon depicts a stylized "M". Another logo depicts various symbols of Saint Martin like the pelican, flamboyant and coralita flowers, the border monument, slavery walls, salt, sea, sunrise, mountains, and shells. Another logo depicts a gray outline of the island of Saint Martin with a bird flapping its wing.

A similar case that led to the use of the label sui generis is the relationship of New Caledonia relative to France, because the legal status of New Caledonia can aptly be said to lie somewhere between a French overseas collectivity and a sovereign nation. Although other examples of such status for other dependent or disputed territories may exist, this arrangement is unique within the French realm. The legal status of the Holy See has also been described as a sui generis entity possessing an international personality. In local government, a sui generis entity is one that does not fit with the general scheme of local governance of a country.

Outgoing deputy Lénaïck Adam of La République En Marche! (REM) declared himself a candidate. A 26-year-old business executive, graduate of Sciences Po, and the first Bushinengue elected to the National Assembly, he was already elected to the assembly of French Guiana in the 2015 territorial election on the list of Rodolphe Alexandre, president of the territorial collectivity of French Guiana, and subsequently received the backing of his party, Guyane Rassemblement, in the by-election. The Union of Democrats and Independents (UDI), traditionally allied to The Republicans (LR), surprised observers by backing Adam in the by-election, marking the first time that the party backed REM candidates.

The Council of Paris (French: Conseil de Paris) is the deliberative body responsible for the governing of Paris, the capital of France. It possesses simultaneously the powers of a municipal council (conseil municipal) and those of a departmental council (conseil départemental) for the département de Paris, as defined by the so-called PLM Law (Loi PLM) of 1982 that redefined the governance of Paris, Lyon and Marseille. Paris is the only territorial collectivity in France to be at once a commune and a département. The Mayor of Paris presides over the Council of Paris and therefore holds in her hands the powers of mayor and of president of the departmental council.

The economy of Saint Martin, divided between the French Collectivity of Saint Martin (north side) and the Dutch Sint Maarten (south side), is predominately dependant on tourism. For more than two centuries, the main commodity exports have generally been salt and locally grown commodities, like sugar. Until the island was hit by Hurricane Irma in 2017 and the COVID-19 outbreak in 2020, which put a stop to cruising, tourism accounted for 80% of the economy and about four-fifths of the labor force was engaged in that sector. As an island in the Caribbean Sea, Saint Martin enjoys the kind of weather and natural geography that supports tourism.

Whereas "public" is currently used in English to describe something related to collectivity at large, with an implication towards government or the State, the Latin word "publicus" could, in addition to that meaning, also refer directly to people, making it the equivalent of the genitive of populus ("people"), populi ("popular" or "of the people"). Thus, "public enemy" and "enemy of the people" are, etymologically, near synonyms. The words "ennemi du peuple" were used extensively during the French Revolution. On 25 December 1793 Robespierre stated: "The revolutionary government owes to the good citizen all the protection of the nation; it owes nothing to the Enemies of the People but death".

The Democratic Party of Chile (, PADECH) was a Chilean political party that had legal existence from 1988 to 1989 under the state of "party in formation". It was originally created by Apolonides Parra to rally the militants of the National Democratic Party (PADENA) who rejected the decision of the collectivity to support the "No" option in the plebiscite of 1988. PADECH started preparations for its establishment on 16 June 1988 and was declared as a "party in formation" July 27 of that year. It openly supported the option "Yes" in the referendum which sought the continuation of the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet on October 5 of that year.

Caldoche is the name given to European inhabitants of the French overseas collectivity of New Caledonia, mostly native-born French settlers. The formal name to refer to this particular population is ', short for the very formal ', but this self-appellation technically includes all inhabitants of the New Caledonian archipelago, not just the Caldoche. Another "white" demographic element (although they may well be French people of different ethnic backgrounds) in the territory is expatriates from metropolitan France who live there temporarily as civil servants. Caldoches emphasise their own position as permanent locals by referring to the temporary expatriates as ' (short for ') or as Zoreilles (informally ') in local slang.

In economics he says that the individualist anarchist "inwardly he remains refractory – fatally refractory – morally, intellectually, economically (The capitalist economy and the directed economy, the speculators and the fabricators of single are equally repugnant to him.)" He adheres to the following pluralistic logic as a form of individualist anarchist economics: > Here and there everything happening – here everyone receiving what they > need, there each one getting whatever is needed according to their own > capacity. Here, gift and barter – one product for another; there, exchange – > product for representative value. Here, the producer is the owner of the > product, there, the product is put to the possession of the collectivity.

Administrative division of Central Serbia from 1974 to 1990. The Socialist Republic of Serbia, and later the Republic of Serbia (from September 28, 1990) had a complex administrative division whereby Central Serbia was subdivided into nine Intermunicipal Regional Communities (Međuopštinske regionalne zajednice - MRZ).Međuopštinske regionalne zajednice u SR Srbiji, Republički zavod za statistiku SR Srbije, Beograd, 1985, These were: The City of Belgrade (numbered 1 on the map) was considered the capital city of Serbia and officially designated as the Collectivity of City Municipalities of Belgrade, also known as Greater Belgrade (or the Metropolitan Area of Belgrade) in geographical literature. MRZs existed officially until December 31, 1990.

The Leeward Islands (; , literally "Islands Under-the-Wind") are the western part of the Society Islands in French Polynesia, an overseas collectivity of France in the South Pacific. They lie south of the Line Islands (part of Kiribati), east of the Cooks and north of the Austral Islands (also part of French Polynesia). Their area is 395 km² with a population of over 33,000. The islands to the west comprise a three atoll group: Manuae (also known as Scilly Atoll), Motu One atoll (also known as Bellinghausen), lying most northerly of the Leeward Islands, and to the southeast Maupihaa atoll (also known as Mopelia).

His ideas on societal collectivity may also have been influenced by the work of the social anthropologist Ralph Piddington, under whom Nyerere studied at Edinburgh. It was Nyerere's belief that Africa would resolve the tension between the individual and society, a balance which other continents had failed to achieve. Nyerere detested elitism and sought to reflect that attitude in the manner in which he conducted himself as president. He was cautious to prevent the replacement of the colonial elite with an indigenous elite, and to this end insisted that the most educated sectors of the Tanzanian population should remain fully integrated with society as a whole.

For Marinetti and those that followed him, the futurist movement stood for freedom, collectivity, perfection, and social rejuvenation. Influenced by the Futurist Manifesto, the aesthetics of dislocation and fragmentation became the vocabulary of the Cubo-Futurists in their attempt to interrogate the tireless and repetitive dynamism of technology, and highlight their fantasies of a utopic mechanical modernity. The Cubo-Futurists combined the modernist, cosmopolitan spirit of Marinetti’s futurism with the aesthetic characteristics of analytical cubism (e.g. abstracted forms, flatness, fragmentation, geometric shapes, muted and dark colours, combination of various viewpoints) in order to create their own didactic art form designed to display the revolutionary focus of the artistic community.

He was elected President of that collectivity by the territorial Congress (Congrès du territoire) on 5 April 2001, reelected in November 2002 when the government collapsed following the resignation of a minister, and left office on 10 June 2004, when a new government was elected after his party, the anti- independence The Rally–UMP, lost parliamentary elections. When the new government collapsed, Frogier ran for president in elections two weeks later, on 24 June 2004, in which he was defeated, received 4 of the 11 votes in Congress. He was elected second time as President of the Congress of New Caledonia from 2007 to 2009.

19 A profession has been further defined as: "a special type of occupation...(possessing) corporate solidarity...prolonged specialized training in a body of abstract knowledge, and a collectivity or service orientation...a vocational sub- culture which comprises implicit codes of behavior, generates an esprit de corps among members of the same profession, and ensures them certain occupational advantages...(also) bureaucratic structures and monopolistic privileges to perform certain types of work...professional literature, legislation, etc." A critical characteristic of a profession is the need to cultivate and exercise professional discretion - that is, the ability to make case by case judgements that cannot be determined by an absolute rule or instruction.

Great Britain captured some of France's islands during the Seven Years' WarAs the French and Indian War started two years earlier, and continued until the signing of the peace treaty, the name Seven Years' War is more properly applied to the European phase of the war. and the Napoleonic Wars. Following the latter conflict, France retained control of Guadeloupe, Martinique, Marie-Galante, St. Barthélemy, and its portion of St. Martin; all remain part of France today. Guadeloupe (including Marie-Galante and other nearby islands) and Martinique each is an overseas department of France, while St. Barthélemy and St. Martin each became an overseas collectivity of France in 2007.

The Australian Consulate-General in Noumea, New Caledonia represents the Commonwealth of Australia in New Caledonia, a special collectivity of France, and is also accredited to the Pacific French Overseas collectivities, French Polynesia and Wallis and Futuna. The Consul-General also serves as Australia's representative to the Noumea-based Pacific Community. The Consulate-General, one of four in New Caledonia (alongside New Zealand, Indonesia and Vanuatu), has since 1976 had its offices at 19 avenue du Maréchal Foch, Nouméa. Since 1990, there has existed an Honorary Consulate in Papeete, French Polynesia, currently held by Marc Siu, which reports to the consulate-general in Nouméa.

The Saint Pierre and Miquelon national football team is the official football team of Saint Pierre and Miquelon. As an overseas collectivity of France, it is affiliated to the French Football Federation but is not yet a member of FIFA or CONCACAF. Saint Pierre and Miquelon's first official match was an 11–0 defeat to Réunion in the 2010 Coupe de l'Outre-Mer, a competition for teams representing the Overseas departments and territories of France. Matthieu Demontreux and Xavier Delamaire scored Saint Pierre and Miquelon's first and second-ever goals, respectively, during the 2012 edition of the tournament after the team was held scoreless two years earlier.

Hoorn Islands (Futuna and Alofi) with Futuna Island in the northwest Hoorn Islands also called Futuna Islands Futuna (; ) is an island with a population of 3,225 and a maximum elevation of in the Pacific Ocean, belonging to the French overseas collectivity (collectivité d'outre-mer, or COM) of Wallis and Futuna. It is one of the Hoorn Islands or Îles Horne, nearby Alofi being the other. They are both a remnant of an old extinct volcano, now bordered with a fringing reef. On the island is the place (where the cathedral of Poi now stands) where Pierre Chanel was martyred in 1841, becoming Polynesia's only Catholic saint.

La Poste is a postal service company in France, operating in Metropolitan France as well as in the five French overseas departments and the overseas collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon. Because of bilateral agreements, La Poste also has the responsibility of mail services in Monaco through La Poste Monaco and in Andorra alongside the Spanish company Correos. The company was created in 1991 following the split of the French PTT, a government department responsible for mail, telegraph and telephone services in France. The PTT, founded in 1879, was then divided between La Poste, which became responsible for postal service, and France Télécom (nowadays Orange) for the telecommunication services.

When entering the chambers to either add or remove new material, individuals would likely have been exposed to the smell of decaying corpses. It is unknown if entering this area was therefore seen by Early Neolithic Europeans as an ordeal to be overcome or an honourable job to be selected for. In some chambers, human remains were arranged and organised according to the type of bone or the age and sex of the individual that they came from, factors that determined which chamber they were placed in. Lynch noted that "the bulk of our surviving evidence suggests that collectivity became and remained the norm until the late neolithic".

The territory is made up of three main volcanic tropical islands along with a number of tiny islets, and is split into two island groups that lie about apart, namely the Wallis Islands ('Uvea) in the northeast, and the Hoorn Islands (also known as the Futuna Islands) in the southwest, including Futuna Island proper and the mostly uninhabited Alofi Island. Since 28 March 2003, Wallis and Futuna has been a French overseas collectivity (collectivité d'outre-mer, or COM). Between 1961 and 2003, it had the status of a French overseas territory (territoire d'outre-mer, or TOM), though its official name did not change when the status changed.

Topographic map of the island of Saint Martin The Collectivity of Saint Martin occupies the northern half of the island of Saint Martin in the Leeward Islands; the southern half forms the Dutch territory of Sint Maarten. To the north across the Anguilla Channel lies the British Oversea Territory of Anguilla, to the south-east of the island lies the French island of Saint Barthélemy and further south are the Dutch islands of Saba and Saint Eustatius. Saint Martin is . The terrain is generally hilly, with the highest peak being Pic Paradis at , which is also the highest peak on the island as a whole.

A referendum on becoming an overseas department of France was held in Mayotte on 29 March 2009. Mayotte had been an overseas collectivity of France since 2003. In contrast to the four other similar regions (Guadeloupe, Martinique, Réunion and French Guiana), Mayotte would not have become an Overseas department (DOM) or an Overseas region (ROM), but would only have had a single assembly; the four other existing DOM/ROM will have the option of changing their status to this format as well.Départementalisation de Mayotte : début d'une campagne d'explication , La Gazette, 9 January 2009 As a result of the yes vote, Mayotte became the 101st French department in 2011, and the first with a population overwhelmingly of the Muslim faith.

Following Napoleon's rule, the triptych dissolved itself, as none believed it possible to conciliate individual liberty and equality of rights with equality of results and fraternity. The idea of individual sovereignty and of natural rights possessed by man before being united in the collectivity contradicted the possibility of establishing a transparent and fraternal community. Liberals accepted liberty and equality, defining the latter as equality of rights and ignoring fraternity. Early socialists rejected an independent conception of liberty, opposed to the social, and also despised equality, as they considered, as Fourier, that one had only to orchestrate individual discordances, to harmonize them, or they believed, as Saint-Simon, that equality contradicted equity by a brutal levelling of individualities.

In the pages of Section 3, The Four Questions Relative to Independence, the author answers the questions of the 1) legitimacy, 2) viability, 3) desirability and 4) feasibility of the independence of Quebec. Is the independence of Quebec legitimate? It is legitimate, believes Chaput, first because the French Canadians form a nation. The French-Canadian nation has institutions of its own, a territory it possesses by virtue of section 109 of the British North America Act and which it has occupied for over four centuries; it speaks a common language and demonstrates a will to live as a collectivity (vouloir- vivre collectif) which persists after two centuries of British and Anglo- Canadian domination.

Collective depression is one of many collective mental states, such as collective elation, collective paranoia, collective trauma, or collective grief, which may affect a group, community or whole nation. It is characterised by a prevailing and seemingly permanent sense of inadequacy, despondency, lack of vitality, sadness and hopelessness, shared by a high proportion of the members of a collectivity. As shown by Gustave Le Bon in 1895, it can be passed by contagion, in a way similar to a physical condition. Collective depression is often found in detained communities, such as ghettos, concentration camps or other places where all prospects of release are extremely improbable, and is recognisable by a high incidence of suicide.

The Consulate-General of Canada in Boston (French: Consulat général du Canada à Boston) is a diplomatic mission of Canada located in Suite 400 of Three Copley Place in Boston, Massachusetts, United States. The geographical jurisdiction of the Boston office covers the New England states of Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont; in addition to Saint Pierre and Miquelon, an overseas collectivity of France located off the South Coast of the Canadian Province of Newfoundland. It further supports the Ambassador and Canadian Embassy situated in Washington, D.C. and is one of twelve Consulates-General and three Consulates/Trade Commission offices located in the United States. The Consulate General in Boston opened in 1951.

Zooropa received generally favourable reviews from critics. Anthony DeCurtis of Rolling Stone wrote in his four-star review that the album was "a daring, imaginative coda to Achtung Baby" and that "it is varied and vigorously experimental, but its charged mood of giddy anarchy suffused with barely suppressed dread provides a compelling, unifying thread". Spin wrote a positive review, commenting that the record "sounds mostly like a band shedding its skin, trying on different selves for size". The review said the album "has the feel of real collectivity", praising the cohesiveness of the individual band members' playing. The review concluded by saying Zooropa "indicates U2 might be worthy of whatever absurd mutations the '90s throw our way".

Similarly, literary critic Daniel Cristea- Enache argues that Lungu is separated from his generation by the understanding that prose is "in large measure written not for oneself, but for another. For others, the more of them the better." Daniel Cristea-Enache, "Marea conciliere" , in România Literară, Nr. 33/2007 Researcher Cristina Chevereșan sees a special link between the works of Lungu, Florian and Stoica, "epics of life lived in the often suffocating circle of a collectivity as scanty and organically welded as it is oppressive". In its immediate Romanian context, Lungu's work has occasionally been ranked among "recovery literature" pieces—diverse works which, in the post-censorship era, provide retrospective testimonies or analytical overviews of the communist period.

Seriality or serial collectivity is a term that feminist scholar Iris Marion Young used to describe a reconceptualization of the category of woman in her 1994 essay Gender as Seriality. Young borrows the concept of seriality from Sartre's Critique of Dialectical Reason, where he originally developed the idea to describe the relationship of individuals to social classes and the capitalist system of production and consumption. Understanding women as a series, rather than a group, entails the recognition that the category woman is not defined by any common biological or psychological characteristics; rather, individuals are positioned as woman by a set of material and immaterial social constructs that are the product of previous human actions.

The French Polynesia 's 2nd constituency is a French legislative constituency in French Polynesia. It is currently represented by Nicole Sanquer of Tahoera'a Huiraatira. Following the 2010 redistricting of French legislative constituencies, which came into application for the June 2012 legislative election, the boundaries of French Polynesia's two constituencies were redrawn so as to create a third constituency in the collectivity. Since then, the 2nd constituency contains the communes of Anaa, Arue, Arutua, Fakarava, Fangatau, Fatu Hiva, Gambier, Hao, Hikueru, Hitiaa O Te Ra, Hiva Oa, Mahina, Makemo, Manihi, Napuka, Nuku Hiva, Nukutavake, Papara, Pirae, Puka Puka, Rangiroa, Tahuata, Taiarapu-Est, Taiarapu-Ouest, Takaroa, Tatakoto, Teva I Uta, Tureia, Ua Huka and Ua Pou.

Nouméa city flag, 2011 Nouméa () is the capital and largest city of the French special collectivity of New Caledonia. It is situated on a peninsula in the south of New Caledonia's main island, Grande Terre, and is home to the majority of the island's European, Polynesian (Wallisians, Futunians, Tahitians), Indonesian, and Vietnamese populations, as well as many Melanesians, Ni-Vanuatu and Kanaks who work in one of the South Pacific's most industrialised cities. The city lies on a protected deepwater harbour that serves as the chief port for New Caledonia. At the September 2019 census, there were 182,341 inhabitants in the metropolitan area of Greater Nouméa (), 94,285 of whom lived in the city (commune) of Nouméa proper.

French individualist anarchist Émile Armand shows clearly opposition to capitalism and centralized economies when he said that the individualist anarchist "inwardly he remains refractory – fatally refractory – morally, intellectually, economically (The capitalist economy and the directed economy, the speculators and the fabricators of single are equally repugnant to him.)". He argued for a pluralistic economic logic when he said: "Here and there everything happening – here everyone receiving what they need, there each one getting whatever is needed according to their own capacity. Here, gift and barter – one product for another; there, exchange – product for representative value. Here, the producer is the owner of the product, there, the product is put to the possession of the collectivity".

The "Socio geographic units" of the Matengo originally consisted of a political organization which was "non- hierarchical, comprising a collectivity of sovereign matrilineal groups of equivalent status and diverse origins. Each such patrilineal group (kilau) represented the descendants of a common grandfather, who during his lifetime had been the unquestioned leader (matukolu or bambo) of the group." Thus, the socio-political set up in the villages consisted of a headman and elders. However, after the Ngonis' invaded their territory, the Matengos' political hierarchy also evolved into an administrative system comprising a paramount chief followed by three chiefs, senior headman and two levels of headman, in the descending order of their importance in the hierarchy.

T. H. Breen writes that "proliferation of local committees represented a development of paramount importance in the achievement of independence," because the committees were the first step in the creation of "a formal structure capable not only of policing the revolution on the ground but also of solidifying ties with other communities." The network of committees were also vital for reinforcing "a shared sense of purpose," speaking to "an imagined collectivity—a country of the mind" of Americans. The strengthening of the committees of correspondence in the 1770s also marked the creation of what Gordon S. Wood terms "a new kind of popular politics in America."Gordon S. Wood, The American Revolution: A History (Random House, 2002).

Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Saint Barthélemy, French Polynesia, and Wallis and Futuna are overseas collectivities (formerly referred to as overseas territories) of France, while New Caledonia is a "sui generis collectivity". Saint BarthélemyCouncil Decision of 12 July 2011 on the signing and conclusion of the Monetary Agreement between the European Union and the French Republic on keeping the euro in Saint-Barthélemy following the amendment of its status with regard to the European Union (OJ L 189, 20.7.2011, p. 1-2). and Saint-Pierre and Miquelon use the euro,Council Decision 1999/95/EC of 31 December 1998 concerning the monetary arrangements in the French territorial communities of Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon and Mayotte (OJ L 30, 4.2.

Collins pinpoints intellectual activism as a key process in developing black feminist thought. She articulates the reclaiming of "black feminist intellectual traditions" as one of the most important pillars of intellectual activism. Since the intellectual work of black women has been suppressed for so long, reclaiming and centering these works not only preserves the intellectual traditions of past black women but also encourages continued contributions to black feminist thought. Collins also notes the importance in "discovering, reinterpreting, and analyzing the ideas of subgroups within the larger collectivity of U.S. Black women who have been silenced" meaning that we must also give equal attention to the groups of black women who have been especially marginalized, such as black lesbians.

The former French colony of Acadia was first designated the Colony of Nova Scotia but shortly thereafter the Colony of New Brunswick, which then included Prince Edward Island, was split off from it. In Canada, the legacy of New France can be seen in the enduring Francophone identity of its descendants, which has led to institutional bilingualism in Canada as a whole. The only remnant of the former colonial territory of New France that remains under French control to this day is the French overseas collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (French: Collectivité territoriale de Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon), consisting of a group of small islands off the coast of Newfoundland, Canada.

New Caledonia (; )Previously known officially as the "Territory of New Caledonia and Dependencies" (), then simply as the "Territory of New Caledonia" (French: Territoire de la Nouvelle-Calédonie), the official French name is now only Nouvelle-Calédonie (Organic Law of 19 March 1999, article 222 IV – see ). The French courts often continue to use the appellation Territoire de la Nouvelle-Calédonie. is a special collectivity of France in the southwest Pacific Ocean, south of Vanuatu, about east of Australia and from Metropolitan France. The archipelago, part of the Melanesia subregion, includes the main island of Grande Terre, the Loyalty Islands, the Chesterfield Islands, the Belep archipelago, the Isle of Pines, and a few remote islets.

On 12 January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) confirmed that a novel coronavirus was the cause of a respiratory illness in a cluster of people in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, which was reported to the WHO on 31 December 2019. The case fatality ratio for COVID-19 has been much lower than SARS of 2003, but the transmission has been significantly greater, with a significant total death toll. Saint Barthélemy is a small island with a population of 9,793 people The island has a small hospital (Hôpital de Bruyn), however testing for COVID-19 and specialized health care has to be performed in Guadeloupe. As an overseas collectivity crises are handled by the Prefect.

"De Mestizo y de India, Coyote" by Miguel Cabrera, ca. 1763. Painting depicts a group within the Spanish alt= Mexican anthropologist Guillermo Bonfil Batalla and other scholars have used the term "de- Indianization" to describe a "historical process through which populations that originally possessed a particular and distinctive identity, based upon their own culture, are forced to renounce that identity, with all the consequent changes in their social organization and culture.Bonfil Batalla 1996, p. 17-18. The process of de-Indianization in Mexico was a colonial project which largely succeeded, according to Bonfil Batalla, "in convincing large parts of the Mesoamerican population to renounce their identification as members of a specific Indian collectivity.

Boellstorff explores the relationship between anonymity and community when everyone in a community belongs to varying degrees of anonymity, and how this feeds into the idea of digital collectivity. He also comments on the phenomenon of data becoming "part of social context" that has been observed both inside and outside of Second Life as surveillance becomes more integrated into everyday life. He stresses the difference between the concepts of anonymity and pseudonymity, identifying Second Life users as belonging to the latter group of people - though their avatars are not directly linked to their real identities and reputations, they have forged new ones in this online space, a unique effect of creating an online persona in the digital age.

In 2007, the Ahmadiyya Muslims were banned from practising their faith openly in the state of Belarus and given a similar status to other banned religious groups in the country. Unable to obtain state registration, Ahmadi Muslims in the country who number about 30 including 13 native Belarusians, cannot conduct their activities formally as a collectivity such as importing or distributing literature, gathering together for prayers or meetings and having an official representative. Belarus is the only country in Europe to have jailed a newspaper editor for publishing the Danish cartoons of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. On January 18, 2008, Alexander Sdvizhkov was jailed for three years for 'incitement of religious hatred'.

6: 3: 364-90Yiftachel, O. (2006) Ethnocracy: Land, and the Politics of Identity Israel/Palestine (PennPress) Other ethnic groups are systematically discriminated against and may face repression or violations of their human rights at the hands of state organs. Ethnocracy can also be a political regime instituted on the basis of qualified rights to citizenship, with ethnic affiliation (defined in terms of race, descent, religion, or language) as the distinguishing principle.Kariye, Badal W. "The Political Sociology of Security, Politics, Economics and Diplomacy" AuthorHouse 2010; , p. 99, item 20 View on Google Books Generally, the of an ethnocratic government is to secure the most important instruments of state power in the hands of a specific ethnic collectivity.

This book is translated into Simplified Chinese. In 2004, "From Class to Culture" in the American Journal of Sociology offered an explanation for the heightened importance of cultural politics in advanced societies. It argues that the growth of direct rule – as indicated by the increasing centralization of state power and the development of policies promoting welfare expenditure and specific cultural policies—with respect to immigration, same sex marriage, abortion, and so forth—tends to increase the salience of cultural politics at the expense of its class alternative. Alien Rule (2013) is about tensions that arise in societies when the ruling authorities are not themselves members of that collectivity, commonly giving rise to nationalist movements.

It is evident that there is an absence of female musicians in most music videos by the Sisters' brother band, Brothers Keepers. Many saw this as an absence from Afro-German volk envisioned by the Brothers and as drawing attention to the constitutive female outside of this mode of racial unity. The Brothers success and overbearing presence in music videos authorizes this female version of Afro- Germaness, forcefully visually transforming to hegemonic codes of femininity. Within it, there is a strong desire to envisage collectivity beyond peoplehood and the simultaneous failure to do so in Afro-German pop music and diaspora discourse underlines the nagging pervasiveness of this category and pressing need for alternatives.

The FRN itself was created as the first monopoly party in Romania's history, through the Royal Decree of December 15, 1938."Decret-lege pentru înființarea Frontului Renașterii Naționale", in Scurtu et al. The legislation proclaimed that, ex officio, all members of the Royal Council were its members, while all citizens over the age of 20 could apply to join; by law, people who engaged in any other political activity faced being stripped of their civil rights for as long as 5 years. Writing at the time, Călinescu defined the FRN as "mainly a spiritual movement", proclaiming the FRN's goals of "re-establishing the rights of the State, its natural parts", "promoting the general interests of the collectivity" and "[giving] life a sense of moral value".

Due to this dichotomy, it is difficult to examine subjective well-being without considering both realms, which occurs when positive psychology uses Western ways of thinking about the world. Another cultural difference in how one conceptualizes the good life can be seen in the beliefs of the Apsáalooke tribe, a Native American tribe in the US. Research has shown that for members of the Apsáalooke tribe, life satisfaction is deeply rooted in the belief that one's life is intertwined with others in their tribe. Due to this feeling of collectivity, satisfaction is taken from helping others. This example is just one of many in which other cultures differ in the concept of satisfaction from the concept of satisfaction in an individualistic culture.

If we do not believe in ourselves and in what surrounds us, we cannot believe in the collectivity and what lies further. Therefore, if we are not attached to our own people and own identity, we cannot be attached to humanity as a whole.Neue Zürcher Zeitung, 6. Juni 2007 Wenn die Palme Wurzeln schlägt It is from this philosophical starting point, as well as his numerous books (essays and novels) and his journal Mesopotamia that Selim MATAR starts to occupy himself with the concept of “national identity”. In fact he is considered as the founding figure of the cultural movement known as “identity of the Iraqi nation”, a concept not known in Iraq until the eighties, be it in the political or cultural domain.

In a referendum on 6 July 2003, a narrow majority of Corsican voters opposed a proposal by the government of Jean-Pierre Raffarin and then-Interior Minister Nicolas Sarkozy that would have suppressed the two départements of the island and granted greater autonomy to the territorial collectivity of Corsica. On 13 December 2015, the regionalist coalition Pè a Corsica (), supported by both Femu a Corsica and Corsica Libera and led by Gilles Siméoni, won the territorial elections with a percentage of 36.9%. On December 17, 2015, Jean Guy Talamoni was elected President of the Assembly of Corsica and Gilles Simeoni was elected Executive President of the Council of the Region. In addition, legislation granting Corsica a greater degree of autonomy was passed.

Therefore, the isolated appearance of an ancient form like O. augusti in the supercontinent Gondwana is challenging for the scientific community to explain, since the genus was not a good disperser due to the narrow form of its swimming legs compared to other more derived groups such as Pterygotidae or Adelophthalmidae. It seems unlikely that the eurypterines originated in Gondwana since there is no record of fossil remains of stylonurines or other basal swimming forms. It also seems that the collectivity of O. augusti went extinct without leaving a viable population of eurypterids in Gondwana. It has been proposed that O. augusti established itself in Gondwana by crossing the sea floor during the periods of sea level descent of the Hirnantian.

Minton started a policy of holding regular jam sessions at his club, which would later prove to be a key factor in the development of bebop. Because of his union ties, Minton was able to ensure that musicians would not be fined for their participation in jam sessions, an activity that was prohibited by the union. Dizzy Gillespie recalled that there were "walking" delegates from the union that would follow musicians around and fine them "a hundred to five hundred dollars" for participating in jam sessions, but that they were "somewhat immune from this at Minton's because of Henry Minton". According to Ralph Ellison, Minton's Playhouse provided "a retreat, a homogeneous community where a collectivity of common experience could find continuity and meaningful expression".

The location of Mayotte An enlargeable relief map of the French Departmental Collectivity of Mayotte :The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Mayotte Mayotte - overseas department of France located in the Comoros Archipelago in the Indian Ocean. The department comprises the main island of Grande-Terre (or Mahoré), a smaller island, Petite-Terre (or Pamanzi), and several islets at the northern end of the Mozambique Channel, between northern Madagascar and northern Mozambique. The territory is geographically part of the Comoro Islands, but has been politically separate since the 1970s. The territory is also known as Mahoré, the native name of its main island, especially by advocates of its inclusion in the Union of Comoros.

The location of New Caledonia An enlargeable map of New Caledonia The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to New Caledonia: New CaledoniaPreviously known officially as the "Territory of New Caledonia and Dependencies" (), then simply as the "Territory of New Caledonia" (French: Territoire de la Nouvelle-Calédonie), the full French name is now officially only Nouvelle-Calédonie (Organic Law of 19 March 1999, article 222 IV — see ). French courts often continue to use the appellation Territoire de la Nouvelle-Calédonie. - "sui generis collectivity" (in practice an overseas territory) of France, comprising a main island (Grande Terre), the Loyalty Islands, and several smaller islands. It is located in the region of Melanesia in the southwest Pacific.

Metropolitan France Metropolitan France ( or la Métropole), also known as European France, is the area of the French Republic which is geographically in Europe. It comprises mainland France and Corsica, as well as the islands situated in the Atlantic Ocean, the English Channel () and the Mediterranean Sea. Overseas France (la France d'outre-mer, l'Outre-mer or colloquially les DOM-TOM) is the collective name for the part of France outside Europe: French overseas regions (départements et régions d'outre-mer or DROM),Since 2003, the constitutional term for an overseas department is overseas region (French: région d'outre-mer). territories (territoires d'outre-mer or TOM), collectivities (collectivités d'outre-mer or COM) and the sui generis collectivity (collectivité sui generis) of New Caledonia.

The patron saint of the parish is Saint Peter, on which an annual festival is celebrated on 29 June. Other religious celebrations are important throughout the parish, including the romeiras or processions that travel from church to church throughout the island, annual celebrations at the churches of Nossa Senhora da Boa Morte (Cabo) in July and Nossa Senhora da Boa Viagem (Amparo) in August. Non secular highlights include primarily the Festival of the Pêro, an agricultural festival dedicated to the apple, held annually in September in the locality of Salão. Culturally, the parish is supported by a dynamic collectivity, the Associação Desportiva e Cultural da Ponta do Pargo, established on 16 July 1999, which promotes and develops sports activities with the parish.

Hence, the local administrations of French overseas regions cannot themselves pass new laws, whereas the overseas collectivities are empowered to make their own laws, except in certain areas reserved to the French national government (such as defense, international relations, trade and currency, and judicial and administrative law). The overseas collectivities are governed by local elected assemblies and by the French Parliament and French government, with a cabinet member, the Minister of Overseas France, in charge of issues related to the overseas territories. New Caledonia is neither an overseas region nor an overseas collectivity; it has a sui generis status, in keeping with the Nouméa Accord. Overseas France covers a land area of and accounts for 18.0% of the French Republic's land territory.

View of the capital Marigot from Fort St. Louis Saint Martin was for many years a French commune, forming part of Guadeloupe, which is an overseas région and département of France. In 2003 the population of the French part of the island voted in favour of secession from Guadeloupe in order to form a separate overseas collectivity (COM) of France. On 9 February 2007, the French Parliament passed a bill granting COM status to both the French part of Saint Martin and (separately) the neighbouring Saint Barthélemy. The new status took effect on 15 July 2007, once the local assemblies were elected, with the second leg of the vote ultimately occurring on 15 July 2007.See J. P. Thiellay, Droit des outre-mers, Paris:Dalloz, 2007.

The territories of French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte and Réunion are overseas departments of France and at the same time mono-departmental overseas regions. According to the EC treaty (article 299 2), all of these departments are outermost regions (OMR) of the EU—hence provisions of the EC treaty apply there while derogations are allowed. The status of the Overseas collectivity of Saint-Martin is also defined as OMR by the Treaty of Lisbon. New Caledonia and the overseas collectivities of French Polynesia, Saint-Barthelemy, Saint Pierre et Miquelon and Wallis and Futuna are Overseas Countries and Territories of the EU. New Caledonia is an overseas territory of France with its own unique status under the French Constitution, which is distinct from that of overseas departments and collectivities.

Martinique ( , ; Martinican Creole: or )BWETAMO KREYOL MATNIK - Potomitan - Site de promotion des cultures et des langues créoles - Annou voyé kreyòl douvan douvan, Dictionnaire du créole martiniquais, Raphaël Confiant is an island which is an overseas territorial collectivity of France, located in the Lesser Antilles of the West Indies in the eastern Caribbean Sea, with a land area of and a population of 376,480 inhabitants as of January 2016. One of the Windward Islands, it is directly north of Saint Lucia, northwest of Barbados and south of Dominica. Martinique is also an Outermost Region (OMR) of European Union as a special territory of the European Union and the currency in use is the euro. Virtually the entire population speaks both French, the only official language and Martinican Creole, an Antillean Creole.

The Franco-Dutch treaty on Saint Martin border controls, often called the Franco-Dutch treaty (formally: Treaty between the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the French Republic on the control of persons entering Saint Martin through the airports. French: Traité entre le Royaume des Pays-Bas et la République française sur le contrôle des personnes entrant dans Saint Martin dans les aéroports. Dutch: Verdrag tussen het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden en de Franse Republiek inzake personencontrole op de luchthavens op Sint Maarten.) is a treaty between the Kingdom of the Netherlands and France aimed at improving border controls at the two airports on the island of Saint Martin, which is composed of the Dutch Sint Maarten and the French Collectivity of Saint Martin. The airports concerned are Princess Juliana International Airport and L'Espérance Airport.

Perhaps the work that better defines Scalabrini Ortiz is the "Five principles of inner cooperation" (Cinco principios de cooperación interna). These principles he describes in the following manner: > # Principle of the collective man, because the will of the number, which is > like the surname of the collectivity, must be above the individuality. Not > the wealth nor the wit or wisdom have the right to silent or mock the great > voice of the necessity of the each collective group, which is the voice that > best approximates the will of destiny. # Principle of the man's > comprehension, for this complex unity to be always present with its > biological, moral, intellectual and spiritual necessities, and for the human > reality never to be sacrificed to an abstract norm or a scheme without life.

Collective leadership (, ') or Collectivity of leadership (, '), was considered an ideal form of governance in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). Its main task was to distribute powers and functions among the Politburo, the Central Committee, and the Council of Ministers to hinder any attempts to create a one-man dominance over the Soviet political system by a Soviet leader, such as that seen under Joseph Stalin's rule. On the national level, the heart of the collective leadership was officially the Central Committee of the Communist Party, but in practice, was the Politburo. Collective leadership is characterized by limiting the powers of the General Secretary and the Chairman of the Council of Ministers as related to other offices by enhancing the powers of collective bodies, such as the Politburo.

Jewish deicide is an antisemitic canard promoted by the Christian Church from its earliest times that the Jewish people as a whole were responsible for the death of Jesus, a belief which continues to be held and advanced by some Christians today. Mobs, often urged on by clerics, used the antisemitic slur "Christ-killer" to incite violence against Jews over many centuries and contributing to pogroms, the murder of Jews during the Crusades, the Spanish Inquisition and the Holocaust. In the catechism which was produced by the Council of Trent, the Catholic Church affirmed the belief that the collectivity of sinful humanity was responsible for the death of Jesus, not only the Jews.Norman C. Tobias, Jewish Conscience of the Church: Jules Isaac and the Second Vatican Council, Springer, 2017 p.115.

Bonajo released her first major publication since Spheres in December 2015 Matrix Botanica Nonhuman Persons designed by Experimental Jetset, which explores the ways we experience nature through representations on the internet, via YouTube and blogs posting adorable, funny or adorably sad amateur videos and photographs of nonhuman animals. This publication delves into the ways nature education has changed over the years and integrates the voices of animal behavior scientists rather than a National Geographic perspective. As of March 2016, Bonajo, along with curators Maaike Gouwenberg and Emma Panza, was shortlisted to represent The Netherlands at the 57th Venice Biennale. “The method of Bonajo is representative of practices of a younger generation that is based on collectivity and exchange.”"Vijf plannen op shortlist Nederlands paviljoen Biënnale Venetië" "Mondriaan Fonds", Amsterdam. 2 March 2016.

In 1910 there were 434 residents in Döhren. From 1994 until 1 January 2005 Dören was a part of the administration partnership Weferlingen. From 2005 until 31 December 2009, a member of the administration collectivity Flechtingen. As a result of a Gebietsänderungsvereinbarung (an agreement to change territories) the municipal councils of Oebisfelde (on 27 May 2009), Bösdorf (26 May 2009), Eickendorf (28 May 2009), Etingen (26 May 2009), Kathendorf (19 May 2009), Rätzlingen (27 May 2009), Eschenrode (28 May 2009), Döhren (28 May 2009), Hödingen (20 May 2009), Hörsingen (27 May 2009), Schwanefeld (25 May 2009), Seggerde (26 June 2009), Siestedt (28 May 2009), Walbeck (28 May 2009) and Flecken Werflingen (19 May 2009) agreed to dissolve their municipalities and become entwined with the town of Oebisfelde-Weferlingen.

The Métropole de Lyon was created as a metropole from an earlier EPCI (public establishment of intercommunal cooperation) but gained the competences of the departmental council. The departmental council of Rhône only covers the rest of the administrative department (which is still subdivided into two subprefectures, one of which includes the métropole). So the metropole is not a unitary authority, and no longer an EPCI (like other French metropoles), but it has a specific status, considered equivalent to a department council, except that its seats are elected during the municipal French elections (at the same time as its municipal councils in each member commune), and that (like departments and regions, but unlike other French EPCI's including other metropoles) it is a territorial collectivity, with legal personality and fiscal autonomy.

Another interpretation, forwarded by Ghamidi in line with his general views on Islamic Jihad and Itmam al-Hujjah, limits the application of this verse to only the Muslim Prophet's non-Muslim addresses who lived in his time and region. After mentioning the diverse array of interpretations, the influential scholar Al-Rāzī (d. 606/1210) quotes an early exegetical authority, Abū Rawq (d. 140/757), who said that this verse was not a unilateral condemnation of all Jews and Christians, but those "who do not heed the prescriptions contained in the Torah and the Gospel, respectively", while the famous Andalusian scholar al-Qurṭubī (d. 671/1273) "did not read into Qur’ān 9:29 a wholesale denunciation of the People of the Book as an undifferentiated collectivity.":278-279 The modern Salafi reformist scholar, Muḥammad ‘Abduh (d.

At the last minute, the local British colonial ruler, Simon Pilkings, intervenes, the suicide being viewed as barbaric and illegal by the British authorities. In the play, the result for the community is catastrophic, as the breaking of the ritual means the disruption of the cosmic order of the universe and thus the well-being and future of the collectivity is in doubt. The community blames Elesin as much as Pilkings, accusing him of being too attached to the earth to fulfill his spiritual obligations. Events lead to tragedy when Elesin's son, Olunde, who has returned to Nigeria from studying medicine in Europe, takes on the responsibility of his father and commits ritual suicide in his place so as to restore the honour of his family and the order of the universe.

And third, that communes were consciously anti-bureaucratic. Twenty five years later, Dr. Bill Metcalf, in his edited book Shared Visions, Shared Lives defined communes as having the following core principles: the importance of the group as opposed to the nuclear family unit, a "common purse", a collective household, group decision making in general and intimate affairs. Sharing everyday life and facilities, a commune is an idealized form of family, being a new sort of "primary group" (generally with fewer than 20 people although again there are outstanding examples of much larger communes or communes that experienced episodes with much larger populations). Commune members have emotional bonds to the whole group rather than to any sub-group, and the commune is experienced with emotions which go beyond just social collectivity.

Nasri, Foued. 2011. "Zaâma D'banlieue (1979-1984): Les Pérégrinations D'un Collectif Féminin Au Sein Des Luttes De L’Immigration". Engagements, Rébellions Et Genre Dans Les Quartiers Populaires (1968-2005), 65-78 Zaâma d’Banlieue viewed the collectivity of more institutionalized local organizations to be at the cost of the individual members' freedoms of expression and to not be able to account for specific problems of people with Maghreb immigration roots.Nasri, Foued. 2011. "Zaâma D'banlieue (1979-1984): Les Pérégrinations D'un Collectif Féminin Au Sein Des Luttes De L’Immigration". Engagements, Rébellions Et Genre Dans Les Quartiers Populaires (1968-2005), 65-78 The collective thus enjoyed a more direct character as well as a more spontaneous one compared to other organizations, which was reflected in the way its activists were mobilized. Activists were reached directly through close social ties between individuals, for instance through friends and family networks.

Stretching from the Atlantic Ocean in the east, along the Arctic Ocean to the north, and to the Pacific Ocean in the west, Canada has the longest coastline in the world, with a total length of , and occupies much of the continent of North America. Moreover, Canada's border with the contiguous United States to the south and the U.S. state of Alaska to the northwest forms the longest international land border in the world, stretching . In addition to the U.S., Canada shares a maritime boundary with Greenland to the northeast and with the France's overseas collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon to the southeast. Köppen climate types of Canada Canada is home to the world's northernmost settlement, Canadian Forces Station Alert, on the northern tip of Ellesmere Island—latitude 82.5°N—which lies from the North Pole.

Ardis Cameron describes the immigrant's world in which Anna LoPizzo lived: > Relying on old-world practices and principles of collectivity, the immigrant > community routinely "swapped" names and falsified documents to evade > "impossible" laws and ensure mutual survival...Radicals of the Worst Sort: > Laboring Women in Lawrence Massachusetts, 1860-1912, Ardis Cameron, 1995, > page 106, University of Illinois Press, . Falsification of documents might serve a number of purposes -- citizenship status, job experience, age requirements... > [In America immigrants often] took the name of the person who got [them] the > job. To those who lived on Common Street [in Lawrence, Massachusetts], Anna > LoPizzo, a slain mill worker during the strike of 1912, was Anna LaMonica, > once too young to work.Radicals of the Worst Sort: Laboring Women in > Lawrence Massachusetts, 1860-1912, Ardis Cameron, 1995, page 106, University > of Illinois Press, .

Map of the Metropolis of Lyon and its 59 communes (the commune of Lyon is in red) Map showing the 14 electoral wards of the Metropolis of Lyon Since 2015, the commune of Lyon ( in land area) and 58 suburban communes have formed the Metropolis of Lyon ( in land area), a directly elected metropolitan authority now in charge of most urban issues. The Metropolis of Lyon is the only metropolitan authority in France which is a territorial collectivity, on par with French communes and departments. Its metropolitan council was for the first time directly elected by universal suffrage in 2020 within 14 electoral wards, the only directly elected metropolitan council in France. The 14 electoral wards are the following (see map for location): The 6 wards with names starting with "Lyon" are all located within the commune of Lyon.

156-157 The encyclical states that race is a fundamental value of the human community, which is necessary and honorable but condemns the exaltation of race, or the people, or the state, above their standard value to an idolatrous level.Martin Rhonheimer, The Holocaust: What Was Not Said, First Things 137 (November 2003): 18–28 The encyclical declares "that man as a person possesses rights he holds from God, and which any collectivity must protect against denial, suppression or neglect."Mit brennnder Sorge, § 30 in English version National Socialism, Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party are not named in the document. The term Reichsregierung is used to refer to the German government.Mit brennender Sorge Para 3 The effort to produce and distribute over 300,000 copies of the letter was entirely secret, allowing priests across Germany to read the letter without interference.

Collective leadership (, '), or Collectivity of leadership (, '), was considered the ideal form of governance in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) and other socialist states espousing communism. Its main task was to distribute powers and functions among the Politburo and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, as well as the Council of Ministers, to hinder any attempts to create a one-man dominance over the Soviet political system by a Soviet leader, such as that seen under Joseph Stalin's rule. On the national level, the heart of the collective leadership was officially the Central Committee of the Communist Party. Collective leadership was characterised by limiting the powers of the General Secretary and the Chairman of the Council of Ministers as related to other offices by enhancing the powers of collective bodies, such as the Politburo.

Restorative justice also focuses on justice as needs and obligations, expands justice as conversations between the offender, victim and school, and recognizes accountability as understanding the impact of actions and repairing the harm. In this approach, teachers, students and the community can reach agreements to meet all stakeholders’ needs. Collectivity is emphasized as the group must create an action plan to heal the harm and find a way to bring the offender back into the community. While the focus is in making the victim(s) whole, the added benefit of restorative justice programs are a reduction in disciplinary actions such as suspensions and expulsions, and more effective reformative and/or reconciliatory actions imposed, such as writing apology letters, performing community service or- for example, in cases of bullying- composing a research paper on the negative effects of bullying.

Roa Bastos believed that it was the role of the writer to directly engage in the interpretation of both contemporary and historical events. Rather than be the objective "chronicler", he thought the writer should engage morally with the social problems depicted in the writing. According to Roa Bastos, ”literary activity has come to signify the necessity for facing up to a destiny, the will to enlist in the vital reality of a collectivity, in its true moral context and social structure, in the complex relationships of a contemporary reality – that is to say, by projecting themselves toward a universal world of man.” Thus, one of the major themes in the writing of Roa Bastos is a deep and universal humanism, with a particular focus on suffering Undoubtedly, Roa Bastos' own experiences played a significant role in his emphasis on human suffering.

During the Spanish civil war (1936–39), Seno was not bombed, unlike the majority of populations of the zone, reason why its population did not suffer directly the rigors of the war. The Church was converted into a store of the collectivity by the antifascist committee and much of its contents burned, saving, as has been said, the main bell of the tower. In 1938 a republican redoubt was established in the "cabezo" on the town to more than 1,000 msnm of altitude, in which numerous trenches and fortifications were constructed. On March 25 of this year, in the context of the third phase of the Battle of Aragon in which Franco divided Republican Spain into two with his troops reaching Vinaròs, the 83 division commanded by General Martín Alonso occupied the town of Seno, definitively expelling to the government troops of his redoubt in the mountain.

The geographical extent of Melanesia The three major cultural areas in the Pacific Ocean: Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia Map showing the sovereignty of islands of Melanesia Melanesia (, ) is a subregion of Oceania extending from New Guinea island in the southwestern Pacific Ocean to the Arafura Sea, and eastward to Tonga. The region includes the four independent countries of Fiji, Vanuatu, Solomon Islands, Papua New Guinea, as well as the French special collectivity of New Caledonia, and parts of Indonesia – particularly Western New Guinea. Most of the region is in the Southern Hemisphere, with only a few small northwestern islands of Western New Guinea lying in the Northern Hemisphere. The name Melanesia (in French Mélanésie) was first used by Jules Dumont d'Urville in 1832 to denote an ethnic and geographical grouping of islands whose inhabitants he thought were distinct from those of Micronesia and Polynesia.

The Nouméa Accord of 1998 is a promise by the French Republic to grant increased political power to New Caledonia and its original population, the Kanaks, over a twenty-year transition until the territory decided whether to remain a special collectivity of France or become an independent state in a referendum held in 2018 with two other referendums scheduled for 2020 and 2022 if the 2018 referendum resulted in New Caledonia remaining French.Paris meeting to prepare New Caledonia independence vote France would continue to control military and foreign policy, immigration, police and currency until that time, and afterwards if the population chose to remain French. Named after New Caledonia's capital and largest city, the Nouméa Accord was the second accord following the Matignon Agreements (1988). It was signed 5 May 1998 by Lionel Jospin, and approved in a referendum in New Caledonia on 8 November, with 72% voting in favour.

The region received its geographic nomenclature from the Latin Insula Septem Civitatum, which means Island of the Seven Tribes or Island of the Seven Peoples (Portuguese: Ilha das Sete Tribos or Ilha dos Sete Povos), but became a historical reference as the Island of the Seven Cities. This comes from classical Latin, probably incorporated into the older traditions of Mediterranean peoples, through the navigators of European antiquity, or the Phoenicians. In Latin, civitas does not signify city, but rather a collectivity of citizens of a determined community. The first Iberian document to refer to Sete Cidades was a Latin chronicle from the city of Porto-Cale (the modern city of Oporto), written in 750 A.D. by a Christian cleric. During this era, the Iberian Kingdom of the Visigoths was in the process of collapse, under pressure from Muslim invasions (which began in 711 A.D.).

During the civil rights era, "economic coercion" was used to prevent participation, by denying credit, causing evictions, and canceling insurance policies (Bobo & Smith 1998:208). In 1973, only 2.25% of 5 million U.S. businesses were owned by African Americans; furthermore, 95% of those businesses employed fewer than 9 people, and two-thirds generated gross annual receipts of less than $50,000 (Bailey 1973:53). In the most extreme analysis, the level of urban residential segregation, along the unidirectional economic dependency of African American communities, presents the possibility that they may be treated as a "national collectivity of internal colonies" (Bailey 1973:61). From this perspective, small black-owned businesses are seen as the "ghetto domestic sector," white- owned businesses that operate within the internal colonies are seen as the "ghetto enclave sector," and the black laborers that work outside the community are seen as the "ghetto labor-export sector" (Bailey 1973:62).

The July 14, 1866 Act extends the rights until fifty years after the death of the author. Debates continued throughout the 19th century – notably, between Lamartine and Proudhon – and the inter-war period. As early as August 1936 during the Popular Front, the Minister of National Education and of the Beaux- Arts Jean Zay proposed a draft law based on a new philosophy of the author as an "intellectual worker" (travailleur intellectuel) rather than as an "owner" (propriétaire). Jean Zay placed himself in a moral continuum with Alfred de Vigny, Augustin-Charles Renouard and Proudhon, defending the "spiritual interest of the collectivity". Article 21 of his draft divided the 50 years post-mortem protection period into two different phases, one of 10 years and the other of 40 years which established a sort of legal licence suppressing the right of exclusivity granted to a specific editor.

Test launch of a LGM-25C Titan II ICBM from underground silo 395-Charlie at Vandenberg AFB, during the mid 1960s Emblem of Strategic Air Command (USAF) This is a list of the three generations of ICBMs produced and deployed by the United States during the Cold War, with a fourth generation ICBM being deployed in small numbers at the end of the Cold War in 1991. Development of Intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) technology as an outgrowth of the World War II V-2 rocket technology developed by Germany, and the mating of nuclear weapon technology developed by the United States created an entire new method of warfare. Due to their great range and firepower, in an all-out nuclear war, land-based ICBMs would carry most of the destructive force, with long-range, nuclear-armed bombers and Submarine-launched ballistic missiles carrying the remainder. These three components were collectivity referred to as the United States nuclear triad.

In 2016 A Book About Colab (and Related Activities) was published by Printed Matter, Inc. It was edited by Max Schumann, the director of Printed Matter, and contained a Foreword and Afterword by art writer and Colab member Walter Robinson. The book traces the output of Collaborative Projects from the late 1970s through the mid 1980s and serves as an exhaustive homage to the group’s work and a testimonial about their particular practice of collaboration, collectivity, and social engagement, while reflecting an iconic period of NYC cultural history.Max Schumann (ed.) A Book about Colab (and Related Activities) Printed Matter, Inc, 2016: p.9 In keeping with the democratic "by and for artists" ethos of Colab, the publication places this material alongside newly solicited texts from many of the group’s members – a mix of reflections and anecdotes, statements, manifestos, and excerpts from the ‘Colab Annual Report’, which provide a close perspective on the meaning of Colab for those who came into its orbit.

The parish, in contrast with the municipalities, had their base in the ecclesiastical divisions that "had its origin in the fact that neighbours professed the same religion and professed their faith and divinity in the same temple". Freguesia, the traditional Portuguese word for parish, had its beginning in the filius ecclesiae (child of the church) and filius gregis (child of the shepherds's flock), the collectivity of the religious faithful, with similar aspirations and interests. Between 1216 and 1223, Afonso II of Portugal began a process of legitimizing the Portuguese territory by conferring charters to nobles, clergy and municipal chambers (which would not be completed until after 1249, under Afonso III of Portugal), making the parish the smallest division. But, the power of the clergy built these areas, accumulating immense wealth and power. The liberal government of Mouzinho da Silveira abolished the parishes in 1832, but the government of Manuel da Silva Passos restored them in 1836.

From the Gramsci analysis derived the political science denotation of hegemony as leadership; thus, the historical example of Prussia as the militarily and culturally predominant province of the German Empire (Second Reich 1871–1918); and the personal and intellectual predominance of Napoleon Bonaparte upon the French Consulate (1799–1804). Contemporarily, in Hegemony and Socialist Strategy (1985), Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe defined hegemony as a political relationship of power wherein a sub-ordinate society (collectivity) perform social tasks that are culturally unnatural and not beneficial to them, but that are in exclusive benefit to the imperial interests of the hegemon, the superior, ordinate power; hegemony is a military, political, and economic relationship that occurs as an articulation within political discourse. Beyer analysed the contemporary hegemony of the United States at the example of the Global War on Terrorism and presented the mechanisms and processes of American exercise of power in 'hegemonic governance'.

It's commonly said that the rivalry was also born because of Atlanta's neighborhood, Villa Crespo, having a substantial Jewish population and many Atlanta fans belong to this collectivity, even to this day, while Floresta in turn, had more people of Arab ethnicity, and even though the latter doesn't seem to be true nowadays, All Boys fans do display flags with the crescent moon and star. A relatively new rivalry is that with Vélez Sarsfield. While both clubs are relatively close, they have rarely faced each other as Vélez has played mostly in Primera División while All Boys played in lower tiers for most seasons, making it a distant and minor rivalry for many years. It wasn't until recent years when violence between fans of both clubs started to occur which coincided with All Boys winning promotion to the Primera División, that the rivalry was finally ignited and in this few years, matches between them have had many violent acts occur in the stands.

However, for Steiner, "the Jews as a collectivity constitute an alterity internalised by the West in the course of its expansion", and he believed indeed that "the fact of anti-Semitism is essential for the understanding of Christian Europe; it is a main thread in that fabric". Therefore, Gandhi's view of Zionism as a matter of "a European- sponsored people in conflict with an Asiatic (Arab) people", Steiner argued, evinced a failure to perceive the peculiar internal domination of Jews-qua- Orientals, within European civilisation. It followed for him that Gandhi's counsel that, in the face of violence, the Jews adopt the tactic of satyagraha would only function if there were a commitment by the dominant to the survival of the Jewish internal minority whom they had historically oppressed. This commitment, however, was wholly lacking, in Steiner's view, from Western history and Christendom, and the idea of a policy of "victorious martyrdom" was out of the question.

Cultural feminism has also been criticized for engaging in capitalism, a practice feminists consider contradictory to feminist values and counterproductive to the feminist movement. To highlight problems with feminist capitalism, Echols analyzed the implementation, practices, and outcomes of the Feminist Economic Network (FEN), a feminist business that intended to use capitalism to help women overcome patriarchal barriers by lending money from feminist credit unions to feminist owned businesses. She found the network exploited employees, rejected democracy, collectivity, and accountability, and justified hierarchies of power within the business by claiming sisterhood ensures individual empowerment leads to collective empowerment for women. Echols’s findings can be expanded upon by a critique of cultural feminist business practices in Off Our Backs. The authors explain that the “feminist” businesses cultural feminists advocate for depoliticize feminism, are inherently hierarchal, have minimal access to political economic influence, and are implicitly reformist. Additionally, the authors point out the flaws in cultural feminists’ attempts to counter oppression through membership in an oppressive economic system, use of bootstrap theory, and turning feminism into both a commodity and market which ultimately serves “male” capitalism.

In May 2010, it was announced that CBAFT will be exchanging news stories and reporters with Télé Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon (call sign: FQN), the RFO outlet for the French overseas collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon, in an agreement made with France Télévisions, the public broadcaster that oversees RFO (since renamed Outre-Mer 1ère, with the local affiliate called Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon 1ère). In addition, Télé Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon will also broadcast Le Téléjournal/Acadie to local viewers there, as well as on France Ô, which showcases RFO programming for viewers in Metropolitan France. In consequence, due to Télé Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon's availability on Canadian cable and satellite, the program will be available to viewers across Canada as well. This exchange was following the arrival of the aerial TNT digital television service to Saint Pierre and Miquelon, which offers only RFO and Metropolitan France channels, unlike the local cable system, which offers Canadian and American channels, including CBAFT.Radio Barachois: "France Télévision et Radio-Canada signent une convention d’échange", May 21, 2010.

In the words of John Duncan, however, it is "extremely unlikely" that the people of those kingdoms would identify with "a larger, 'Korean' collectivity that transcended local boundaries and state loyalties". Yi Sang- ryong, who argued that history "raised the dignity of the country and fostered patriotism" (kungmin chŏngshin) claimed that during the "northern history" of Koreans in Manchuria, from the time of Dangun to Balhae, the Sushen (Suksin) and Japanese people were subordinate to Dangun. Shin Chaeho has also argued for the existence of monotheism in ancient Korea, elevating Koreans to the "advanced" civilizations of the Middle East; however, this theory contradicts other nationalist historiography which propose Shamanism as an ancient Korean religion, as well as that of nearly all religious historians, who say Koreans were syncretist. Na Se-jin, Korea's most quoted physical anthropologist, asserted in 1964 that Koreans are superior in "looks, brains, bravery, stature, and strength" to the Chinese and Japanese, and resemble Europeans more than "Mongoloids", reflecting nationalist historiography's fixation on prehistorical racial roots.

The terms anti-independence and loyalty are generally synonymous, the second term being used mostly in New Caledonia. The separatist movements generally describe their opponents as neo-colonialists, whereas it is not uncommon for anti- independenceists to still defend the theses autonomists, regionalist or federalists. In the provinces of the Federal States which have secessionist movements, such as Quebec in Canada, opponents of independence are called " federalists" in the sense that they defend the maintenance of the federal constitution, and that they are autonomists (for strengthening powers at the local level to the detriment of the federal level ) or not. In a unitary state, anti-independence movements, also called republicans or monarchists depending on the nature of the central state, can be distinguished between centralism centralist (also called Jacobins in France or Unionists in United Kingdom, they fight to give none or very little specific political, economic or cultural territory), "departmental" (movement especially present in the French overseas collectivity of Mayotte, aiming to make this territory a Department and thus lose some of its autonomy) or autonomists.

Nazi Party rally in Nuremberg, 1936 Under Nazism, with its emphasis on the nation, individualism was denounced and instead importance was placed upon Germans belonging to the German Volk and "people's community" (Volksgemeinschaft). Hitler declared that "every activity and every need of every individual will be regulated by the collectivity represented by the party" and that "there are no longer any free realms in which the individual belongs to himself". Himmler justified the establishment of a repressive police state, in which the security forces could exercise power arbitrarily, by claiming that national security and order should take precedence over the needs of the individual. According to the famous philosopher and political theorist, Hannah Arendt, the allure of Nazism as a totalitarian ideology (with its attendant mobilisation of the German population) resided within the construct of helping that society deal with the cognitive dissonance resultant from the tragic interruption of the First World War and the economic and material suffering consequent to the Depression and brought to order the revolutionary unrest occurring all around them.