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"circumscribe" Definitions
  1. [often passive] (formal) to limit somebody/something’s freedom, rights, power, etc. synonym restrict
  2. circumscribe something (specialist) to draw a circle around another shape

141 Sentences With "circumscribe"

How to use circumscribe in a sentence? Find typical usage patterns (collocations)/phrases/context for "circumscribe" and check conjugation/comparative form for "circumscribe". Mastering all the usages of "circumscribe" from sentence examples published by news publications.

The framers went to great lengths to circumscribe our government's reach.
This transactional world, his world, will now circumscribe the transatlantic relationship.
Regulations that require or circumscribe company choices are all over the place.
But HR 23 would circumscribe private health insurers' roles to "supplemental insurance" alone.
It can circumscribe the terms of that rental arrangement, but it cannot cure it.
She explains how Supreme Court decisions helped create certain "masterplots" that circumscribe our cultural assumptions.
In that last step, Lucas seems to circumscribe her own work — her process is more rebellion than revolution.
But a couple of weeks later, I began to wonder why I was letting geography circumscribe my choices.
It dovetails back to what Carson was saying about how you circumscribe unifying humor by getting really political. Watch.
Since the crisis, both Democrats and Republicans have advanced proposals to raise the Fed's accountability and circumscribe its powers.
Thick lines of white paint, squeezed right out of the tube (a recent constant in Hesidence's paintings) circumscribe these forms.
Not only because of her feminism — which was consistent and complicated, unmistakable and impossible to circumscribe — but also because of her individuality.
There are times when private actors and places can be treated like government ones, such that the First Amendment can circumscribe that company's practices.
A separate study found that even at Yale, a hotbed of student protest, 72% oppose codes that circumscribe speech, compared with 16% in favour.
Rather than circumscribe First Amendment protections, Marcus argues simply that federal law should protect Jews in the same manner that it protects racial groups.
Archipelagos circumscribe China's Pacific coast, and archipelagic states sit astride the oceanic routes that connect East Asia with the Middle East, Africa and Europe.
" He went on: "Abuses and slippery-slope fears could be contained by regulations that circumscribe how the government can use footage obtained from security cameras.
A principal goal of AEDPA was to circumscribe the scope of federal habeas corpus review — that is, federal court review of prior state court convictions.
With increasing tensions in Europe and the Middle East, Turkey has to tiptoe around volatile regions that circumscribe it in order to secure its future prosperity.
"As long as we have the equal protection part of the ruling, it should circumscribe how far our opponents can get in the short run," she said.
EVER since Donald Trump's election, he has had in his sights the "worst deal ever"—the one reached in 212 that sought to circumscribe Iran's nuclear ambitions.
Some of these restrictions seem to have been designed in part to circumscribe the aggressive defense strategy Mr. Guzmán's lawyers adopted at the start of the trial.
"Trump controlling that executive branch, he can work with Congress so that we can circumscribe the bureaucracy so that they're not issuing all these rules, regulation upon regulation."
Late Thursday night, state Senate President pro tem Phil Berger, a Republican, convened a special session to pass several last-minute bills that would circumscribe the governor's powers.
"Our disciplinary training within the academy is intended to circumscribe what you can talk about, who you can talk to, the language you can use," Coleman tells Axios.
People who are formally granted refugee status would be able to bring over family members from abroad, but the legislation would circumscribe the family members who are eligible.
These works, as well as others not at Volta, show how keenly attuned Fabri is to representations of black masculinity and the way they circumscribe him in society.
It is a formal strategy that I devised for myself: you make fifteen different things, and hopefully they will circumscribe a circle that you could loosely describe as yourself.
Unwittingly or not, SheaMoisture was part of a political project for black women, helping us resist harmful biases about our natural hair that circumscribe our choices and well-being.
What's next: Computer science is lurching toward the same robust discussion that biologists and nuclear scientists had before them — when to circumscribe openness in the name of safety and ethics.
It will do so as Italian bank depositors fear a prolonged period of political instability that will highly circumscribe the Italian government's ability to address the country's banking sector challenges.
Fortunately, elected officials in Congress are taking renewed interest in the situation, refiling several bills that would greatly circumscribe the ability to forfeit property without appropriately tying it to criminal activity.
He said the government has repeatedly asked the court to ignore evidence, circumscribe its own review and blindly defer to executive action, all in the name of the Constitution's separation of powers.
The occasional small overlap or gap in the thin lines that circumscribe the squares are almost the only uncontrolled expressiveness in pictures as studiously devoid of spontaneous gestures as an engineering diagram.
A society can sort its members into various categories—lawful and criminal, brilliant and not—while also allowing some principle of basic equality to circumscribe its judgments and, in some contexts, override them.
This development bias is part of the legacy of California's notorious Proposition 27, the 2000 referendum that saw the state's voters severely circumscribe the ability of local governments to increase their property taxes.
Schiff said one consequence of intelligence agencies' worries about Trump's reputation as a loose cannon could be that briefers circumscribe some of the information they provide to Trump and Hillary Clinton, his prospective Democratic opponent.
But the country is now seriously facing the prospect that even if Republican hegemony is broken in the 2018 and 2020 elections, the entrenched five-vote Republican majority will sharply circumscribe their ability to govern.
Creators of the games said they were more interested in showing the complicated lives of the people and places the world has left behind, as well as the economic realities that inevitably circumscribe their stories.
"These agreements were designed to limit and circumscribe the future chances of getting back into a competition over nuclear arms," James Collins, an associate at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, said in a telephone interview.
Moreover, in March 7, 2018, then-attorney general Sessions issued the decision in Matter of A-B- to severely circumscribe the ability to grant asylum to certain victims of domestic violence, gang-based violence and other categories.
It is decent young men who recognize that the well-being of their families and communities rests on women's bodily autonomy, and see that attempts to circumscribe women's rights threaten a much broader landscape of happiness and stability.
"If Judge Gorsuch is confirmed to the Supreme Court, I worry he would try to circumscribe voting rights and consumer protections and impose new constraints on civil liberties and women's health care and roll back clean air laws," said Reed.
However, if Moore is to step aside, serious issues remain for Republicans, opening the door for Democrats to elect a moderate in the South, further circumscribe the Trump agenda, and promote the bipartisan compromise I am firmly convinced America needs.
She has a hefty Senate campaign bankroll to fall back on, but her decision to refuse money from all political action committees and other big donors -- the kind embraced by Biden, most notably -- could circumscribe how and where she campaigns later on.
It recounts in detail not just the scope of Russia's efforts to influence the 2016 presidential election but also the "numerous" links between Russia and Trump's campaign (and, subsequently, his administration) as well as Trump's efforts to circumscribe or derail Mueller's probe.
In the United States, opinions about the British decision to withdraw from the European Union tend to break down along the ideological lines that circumscribe our own presidential race—a race that's been defined by Trump's promises to radically alter our national identity.
Yet by failing to remember the movement—in all its diversity and sweeping ambition—in the years following Stonewall, many have been able to ignore the needs of large swaths of the LGBTQ community, and to circumscribe the movement's ambition in the present.
If I recall correctly, the preface or preamble of the code states that it should be interpreted in a manner that facilitates commercial development, that ambiguities shall be resolved in favor of commercial enterprises and that health concerns shall not unduly circumscribe business activity.
"The DOJ Letter attempts unduly to circumscribe your testimony and represents yet another attempt by the Trump Administration to obstruct the authorized oversight activity and legitimate investigations of the Committee," Schiff wrote to Mueller in a letter provided by a committee aide Tuesday evening.
Some think that Congress may embrace restrictive data regulation similar to what Europe will enact next month (see article), but it is unclear whether Republicans will be on board, and even if they are, how much this could circumscribe the firm's usual way of doing things.
This interview I just had with Rudy, there are going to make a decision he said, in the next week or so, about whether the President will in any way testify, circumscribe questions by written answers unless something really unusual comes out in this IG Report.
If he could not only win the primary against the wishes of the Republican Party leadership, but win the presidency despite historically low favorability ratings, wouldn't it follow that once he's in office, he could transcend the limits of power that circumscribe presidents and other powerful people?
To me, both the Dylan Nobel and the Lamar Pulitzer — which is not the first hip-hop Pulitzer; Lin-Manuel Miranda got that for drama with "Hamilton" — are signals that the old prize-giving institutions are rethinking the ways in which they used to circumscribe the idea of quality.
Making Facebook more ephemeral could make it harder to fact-check false claims Daniel Funke considers the impact of Facebook's move to make messages disappear after a limited period of time: He agreed that ephemeral content, like word-of-mouth communications, can convey errors that are hard to correct, but said the limited audience can circumscribe the damage.
Now, while Facebook and apple are private companies and thus aren&apost actors for first amendment companies, they be really careful with these moves to circumscribe certain groups political speech, because voters in the future might just demand that Facebook, Twitter, YouTube be treated more like public utility, public utilities that have to operate in the public interest.
At the beginning of the last century, the American sociologist and scholar W. E. B. Du Bois wrote, "the problem of the Twentieth Century is the problem of the color-line," and as the twenty-first century dawns, Abasi Ene-Obong, the founder of 54gene, is trying to make sure that the color line doesn't circumscribe the ability of Africa to participate in science's next great era of discovery.
A sequence of circumscribed polygons and circles. Any regular polygon is cyclic. Consider a unit circle, then circumscribe a regular triangle such that each side touches the circle. Circumscribe a circle, then circumscribe a square.
Her deeply personal and powerful artistic practice questions the way people circumscribe and misconstrue contemporary identity and experience.
Mitchel, p.95. As a result, when the Lancastrians pushed through the Ordinances of 1311, which sought to circumscribe royal power, Isabella and her brother were banished from court.
Her artistic terminology contains different modes of representation in perspective, which circumscribe Skiagraphia (it is the study of shadows) and obtaining them from common objects to create duality and tension.
Raised walkways circumscribe nearly the entire island along five streets (Avenue of the Palms, Perimeter Road, Avenue N, Pan American World Airways Esplanade and Clipper Cove Way, formerly known as 1st Street).
What Is a Bujold? Hard to Circumscribe Los Angeles Times 1 Dec 1974: o31. She entered the Montreal Conservatory of Dramatic Art, where she was trained in the classics of French theatre.
It was at the mid-point of the century, at the same time that folklore as performance began to dominate the discussions, and professionals of folkloristics and cultural history became more selective in what they wanted to label as folk art. When we circumscribe the folk in folk community, then we will automatically circumscribe folk art. There is still variance in the understanding of the folk arts, but for students of cultural history it becomes clear that the folk in folk art are active, committed members within a community, they are not the outliers, isolates, or visionaries on the edges.
In fact, even many of the subgenera (Magnolia subg. Magnolia, Magnolia subg. Talauma) have been found to be paraphyletic. Although no completely resolved phylogeny for the family has yet been determined, these technological advances have allowed systematists to broadly circumscribe major lineages.
Cantor's paradise is an expression used by in describing set theory and infinite cardinal numbers developed by Georg Cantor. The context of Hilbert's comment was his opposition to what he saw as L. E. J. Brouwer's reductive attempts to circumscribe what kind of mathematics is acceptable; see Brouwer–Hilbert controversy.
These old waters, together with the New Rhine, circumscribe islands or peninsulas. The old river courses have mostly lost their water-bearing link to the New Rhine. Many lie within nature reserves, offer breeding sites for water birds or act as washlands during flooding. Sometimes they are used by canoeists or anglers.
An artistic representation of a Turing machine. Turing machines are used to model general computing devices. Theoretical computer science (TCS) is a subset of general computer science and mathematics that focuses on more mathematical topics of computing, and includes the theory of computation. It is difficult to circumscribe the theoretical areas precisely.
Diatoms are unique in the sense that they have valves, created by the two halves of a diatom's test. Cyclotella spp. are no exception, as they form the upper and lower portions of the wall. The girdle bands that support the valves are thin strips of silica and ultimately circumscribe the cell.
Narrative communication is a way of communicating through telling stories. The stories are written or told and are named narratives. Most often, narratives are used to recount a story or in other cases to express an opinion or give information to circumscribe a situation like e.g. past events from the perspective of the storyteller.
Capsella is a genus of herbaceous plant and biennial plants in the family Brassicaceae. It is a close relative of Arabidopsis, Neslia, and Halimolobos. Some recent authors circumscribe Capsella to contain only three species: Capsella bursa-pastoris, Capsella rubella and Capsella grandiflora. Capsella rubella is a self-fertilizing species that became self-compatible 50,000 to 100,000 years ago.
As it turned out there were none under current Soviet law. As the head of state, Podgorny could block any measures taken by Brezhnev to circumscribe his powers. Chernenko's solution to this dilemma was to make it law that the Party leader could also become the Chairman of the Presidium. Consequently, a new constitution was drafted to include such a provision.
However, the extent of the variation of the Indochinese species is unknown, making them difficult to circumscribe. Nepenthes thorelii is also allied to N. bokorensis of Cambodia, from which it differs in several aspects of vegetative morphology. Firstly, the lamina of N. bokorensis is sessile to sub-petiolate and only slightly decurrent down the stem, if at all.Mey, F.S. 2009.
The crust-like genera Boidinia, Gloeopeniophorella, and Pseudoxenasma, formerly placed in the Corticiaceae or Gloeocystidiellaceae, are now classified in the Russulaceae and basal to the clade of mushroom-forming species described above. Studies have so far failed to clearly circumscribe and place these genera within the family. Boidinia in its current extent is polyphyletic, with some species not falling into the Russulaceae.
As such, Jesus, as well as the Holy Spirit, are connected in Blake's mythology to the image of the universal man as opposed to God the Father.Frye 1990 p. 52 The image is also connected to John Milton's Paradise Lost in which God uses a golden compass to circumscribe the universe. Blake's version does not create Eden but instead is creating the serpent of the poem's frontispiece.
The formation of Sacajawea is thought to be related to the drainage and collapse of a large magma chamber. Gravitational relaxation may have caused the resultant caldera to sag, producing the numerous faults and graben that circumscribe the patera. Regions of complex, highly deformed tessera-like terrain are located north and east of the patera and are seen in the upper portion of the image.
Marionette lines are long vertical lines that laterally circumscribe the chin.Fabio Meneghini, Clinical Facial Analysis: Elements, Principles, Techniques They are important landmarks for the general impression of the face. Marionette lines are an ideal target for Botox treatment, often in addition to injectable fillers.Mauricio De Maio, Botulinum Toxin in Aesthetic Medicine Marionette lines appear with advancing age and some people never get them, depending on facial structure and anatomy.
Complaints and conflicts were frequent and councils were called upon to clarify and circumscribe the notion and scope of exemption. Some bishops gained exemption from the authority of their metropolitan (archbishop), either at their own request or by decision of the Holy See. However, those exempt bishops were required to choose an ecclesiastical province and attend the provincial synods.D. Bouix, Tractatus de concilio provinciali, Paris, 1862, p. 128.
Palmer and Repina assigned Gabriellus and Callavia to the Olenelloidea, but the ocular lobes in these two genera circumscribe the entire lateral border of the frontal lobe of the glabella, and thus, do not belong to this superfamily, but to the Judomioidea. Geyer assigned Cambropallas to the Olenelloidea, but it lacks the diagnostic features and appears to be closely related to Andalusiana, and is now considered to be an advanced member of the Nevadioidea.
Nepenthes beccariana is closely related to N. longifolia and N. sumatrana, and may be conspecific with the former. The extent of the variation in N. beccariana and N. longifolia is unknown, making them difficult to circumscribe. Observations of N. beccariana at the type locality would need to be carried out to resolve this taxonomic confusion. Despite sharing a number of morphological features with N. sumatrana, N. beccariana is difficult to confuse with this species.
Moreover, lack of accountability and transparency is pronounced in unfair trade agenda, the Uruguay round. The North, EU and US achieved bilateral conventions called Blair House Agreement to circumscribe the regulations imposed on subsidization of agriculture, leading to the failure of Uruguay round and exposing developing countries to greater risk and volatility. Stiglitz dismisses the current global governance without global government and champions global social justice, global affinity to exterminate poverty and create better environment.
Painting of Klopstock by The Messias follows from the aspirations to become an epic poet, which Klopstock nurtured in his early years. The leitmotif of the work is the Redemption, which is given an epic treatment. He resorted to Christian mythology in trying to circumscribe the subject-matter within the dogmas of the Church. Milton's Paradise Lost was one of the models Klopstock had in mind in giving form to his poem.
That was accomplished by carefully studying the existing procedures of the US House, most dating to the original designs, written by Thomas Jefferson. In particular, Reed sought to circumscribe the ability of the minority party to block business by way of its members refusing to answer a quorum call, which, under the rules, prevented a member from being counted as present even if he were physically in the chamber, thus forcing the House to suspend business.
The doll has received praise in various media arenas penning her as a healthier and normal role model for the youth of which sets more realistic beauty standards. Demi Lovato described the doll as "awesome" on Twitter. It has been argued that Barbie dolls reflect highly sexualized image and circumscribe girl’s play by emphasizing prescribed roles and patterns of interaction. It is feared that by dramaticizing stereotypical feminine roles during play, girls will internalize and later embody such roles.
It can move freely in a calligraphic stroke, or circumscribe, act as a planar definition, as a mathematical structural element (as in Golden Section) or as a path in motion (when it coordinates kinetic movements such as in muscle contraction). Artist's world is dynamic – in the state of becoming – rather than static. In ‘Dimension and Balance’, the line is related to psychological and social concepts of space. Klee explains subjectivity of our perception by comparing examples of optical illusion with horizon and perspective.
The cities Oslo, Bergen and Trondheim introduced toll rings between 1986 and 1991 as a means to discourage urban traffic and to finance infrastructure projects around those cities. Today toll rings circumscribe Oslo, Kristiansand, Stavanger, Haugesund, Bergen, Askøy, Bodø, Harstad, Grenland, Førde and Trondheim. Besides toll rings, road tolls are installed to finance certain road projects, and often also on the existing road to discourage people from using it. Some tolls use congestion pricing and/or environmentally differentiated toll rates.
The powers of the legislature are checked by a number of devices: first, by certain constitutional limitations; second, by the president as defined under the constitution; and third, by the Constitutional Court. Articles 64, 131, and 132 of the constitution circumscribe the ability of the Seimas to control the Government, especially the budget. Article 64 specifies the times of parliamentary sessions. Although extension is possible, ordinarily the legislature cannot sit longer than seven months and three days, divided into two sessions.
Daniel Nugent, 113-24. La Jolla: Center for U.S.-Mexican Studies, University of California, San Diego. the use of pan- ethnic labels has also provided a way for so-called illegal or alien Mixtec migrants to construct a new form of identity based on their transborder existence. Mixtec identity arises as an alternative to nationalist consciousness and as a medium to circumscribe not space, but collective identity precisely in those border areas where nationalist boundaries of territory and identity are most contested and ambiguous.
When the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group published the APG II system in 2003, Themidaceae was accepted as an optional family for those who wanted to circumscribe families narrowly in the order Asparagales. When the APG III system was published in 2009, the former Themidaceae was treated as a subfamily, Brodiaeoideae, of the family Asparagaceae sensu lato. Some sources, such as ITIS, continue to use the polyphyletic groups of obsolete taxonomic systems. Other sources, such as the Angiosperm Phylogeny Website mostly follow the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group.
Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) guidance allows the user to view vessel morphology and differentiate between layered and non-layered tissue to locate and circumscribe the target lesion. The high-resolution images make it possible to visualize the different layers of healthy tissue and more complicated stratification present in various types and levels of disease.Tearney, GJ. et al. Consensus standards for acquisition, measurement, and reporting of intravascular optical coherence tomography studies: a report from the International Working Group for Intravascular Optical Coherence Tomography Standardization and Validation.
The remainder of the reign of Charles XI is remarkable for a revolution, in which the government of Sweden was transformed to a semi-absolute monarchy. The king emerged from the war convinced that if Sweden were to retain its position as a great power, it needed to reform its whole economic system radically and circumscribe the power of the aristocracy. Charles XI felt that he could do it now that he had allies in the lower orders to support him. The Riksdag of Stockholm, October 1680, began a new era of Swedish history.
The letter in similar to the ' , which means "holiday", from the triliteral Semitic root ח-ג-ג. The meaning of the verb is "to circle, to go around".חג to circle, circumscribe; go around, Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias Judaism uses circumambulation in the Hakafot ritual during Hoshanah Rabbah at the end of the Festival of Sukkot and on Simchat Torah; traditionally, Jewish brides circumambulate their grooms during the wedding ceremony under the chuppah. From this custom, the root was borrowed for the familiar meaning of holiday, celebration and festivity.
Coat of arms Louis was king of Navarre for eleven years and king of France for less than two years. His reign was dominated by continual feuding with the noble factions within the kingdom, and major reforms designed to increase royal revenues, such as the freeing of the French serfs and the readmittance of the Jews. In 1315, Louis X published a decree proclaiming that "France signifies freedom" and that any slave setting foot on French soil should be freed. This prompted subsequent governments to circumscribe slavery in the overseas colonies.
Garibaldi's statue in Milan before Castello Sforzesco Garibaldi's popularity, skill at rousing the common people and his military exploits are all credited with making the unification of Italy possible. He also served as a global exemplar of mid-19th century revolutionary liberalism and nationalism. After the liberation of southern Italy from the Neapolitan monarchy in the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, Garibaldi chose to sacrifice his liberal republican principles for the sake of unification. Garibaldi subscribed to the anti-clericalism common among Latin liberals and did much to circumscribe the temporal power of the Papacy.
Gerard Goggin, Global Mobile Media (New York: Routledge, 2011), p. 139. He argues that the iPhone is a kind of cultural adaptation – it adapts the cell phone for the internet and puts it “at the centre of computing, the internet and digital culture”.Gerard Goggin, Global Mobile Media (New York: Routledge, 2011), p. 140. Considering the politics of Apple products where technologies and intellectual property are carefully controlled, Goggin finds that the iPhone is similarly entangled in policies and practices that “circumscribe and manage” how users consume and adapt this technology.
The cypher is set on a blue background, which is a royal colour. The device is encircled with diamonds, which symbolise wise men, important authors, craftsmen, the sacred white elephant, graceful women, vigorous soldiers, and public servants. The Royal Regalia that circumscribe the device: the Great Crown of Victory surmounts the throne, flanked by a sword and a yak's tail whisk; under the throne is a pair of royal slippers. These five objects are used in coronation ceremonies, which were last used during the king's coronation on 5 May 1950.
The routes turn south onto Pearl Street, making their first stop at Peck Slip; this is where Queens- bound buses begin pickups. They continue down Pearl Street, which becomes Water Street, to Whitehall Street in Battery Park at the Staten Island Ferry Whitehall Terminal. They then turn north onto State Street, then onto Greenwich Street, which becomes Trinity Place and later Church Street, to Park Place near New York City Hall. The routes circumscribe City Hall via Broadway and Park Row, then proceed east along Frankfort Street back to Pearl Street.
The species was first described in 1917 as Notholaena jonesii by William Ralph Maxon. It was named for Marcus E. Jones, who collected the material on which the description was based. Both Edwin Copeland and Charles Alfred Weatherby suggested in the 1940s that a group of ferns related to Notholaena nivea might represent a distinct genus of its own. Weatherby thought that, until that genus was described, the group might better be placed in Pellaea, rather than in Notholaena, but died in 1949 before he could circumscribe and publish it.
In 1315, Louis X, king of France, published a decree proclaiming that "France signifies freedom" and that any slave setting foot on the French ground should be freed. This prompted subsequent governments to circumscribe slavery in the overseas colonies.Christopher L. Miller, The French Atlantic Triangle: literature and culture of the slave trade, Duke University Press, p. 20. Some cases of African slaves freed by setting foot on the French soil were recorded such as this example of a Norman slave merchant who tried to sell slaves in Bordeaux in 1571.
Recordings often reflect lyrics and dance routines suggesting doggy style sex, exemplifying machismo behavior and hypermasculinity. Most reggaeton songs "[circumscribe women] to dancing and fulfilling male sexual desire", which "eliminates almost all possibility of action and translates their presence into a prize or trophy that men exhibit, dominate, and manipulate." In Ivy Queen's song, "Chika Ideal", the singer introduces her female friend to "the dance floor to satisfy her man's fantasies and answer (with her body) each time he wants to call her." In reggaeton music videos, women often act out or "beg for sexual action" from male musicians.
35-36, with floor plan by J. Dufays The first part of the cloister was laid on 6 June 1445 by Daniel de Blochem. They form the three sides of a long square oriented east to the south and west, the fourth gallery is replaced by the lower left side of the collegiate church. They circumscribe a courtyard and differ from each other. The west gallery is older than the others and its ornamentation is also more meticulous, 17.50 by 4.75 metres long, it communicates with the collegiate church through a door surmounted by a great Christ in ancient wood.
The Bureau's influence on post-war patterns of crime and punishment was temporary and limited.Ayers, 164. The United States Congress believed that only its unprecedented federal intrusion into state affairs through the Bureau could bring true republicanism to the South, according to Edward L. Ayers, but Southerners instinctively resented this as a grave violation of their own republican ideals. Southerners had always tended to circumscribe the sphere of written, institutionalized law, Ayers argues, and once they began to associate it with outside oppression from the federal government, they saw little reason to respect it at all.
Manuel Quezon and his wife Aurora located at Quezon Memorial Circle, Quezon City At the top of the pylons are three mourning angels holding sampaguita (the national flower) wreaths sculpted by the Italian sculptor Francesco Monti. The regional identity of each female angels figure could be discerned in the traditional costume they were clothed with. The winged figures atop the three pylons represented Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. The three pylons would in turn circumscribe a drum-like two-story structure containing a gallery from which visitors could look down at Quezon's catafalque, modeled after Napoleon Bonaparte's in the Invalides.
Hall stopped short of endorsing impeachment "before hearing evidence", but added that "Whether impeachment or censure, some action must be taken to circumscribe the powers of the presidency". When pressed on the issue, "he candidly reminded the probing blogger, 'I'm trying to get elected in an historically Republican district.'"Brendan Scott, Democrat John Hall tiptoes around presidential impeachment stance, Times Herald-Record (Hudson Valley and Catskills), September 16, 2006 (retrieved 11/8/06). Hall was interviewed by Comedy Central-based satirist Stephen Colbert on October 19, 2006 for a "Better Know a District" segment of his popular comedy show, The Colbert Report.
The species was originally described by Carl Christensen in 1924 as Pellaea connectens. Genera in the cheilanthoid ferns have proven difficult to circumscribe due to homoplasy, and Christensen bestowed its epithet because he considered it to connect, by morphological intermediacy, the genera Adiantopsis, Cheilanthes, Notholaena and Pellaea. Progress in fern taxonomy has resulted in the subdivision of several of these genera: in particular, a group of ferns, frequently bearing farina on the leaf underside and previously placed either in Notholaena or Pellaea as sect. Argyrochosma, were elevated to become the genus Argyrochosma by Michael D. Windham in 1987.
This intuitive knowing of "life" cannot be grasped as a concept; it is known through actual living experience of one's everyday being. Laozi in the Tao Te Ching explains that the Tao is not a "name" for a "thing" but the underlying natural order of the Universe whose ultimate essence is difficult to circumscribe due to it being non-conceptual yet evident in one's being of aliveness. The Tao is "eternally nameless" (Tao Te Ching-32. Laozi) and to be distinguished from the countless "named" things which are considered to be its manifestations, the reality of life before its descriptions of it.
In 1947, Nabha formed a part of Patiala and East Punjab States Union (PEPSU). At a subsequent reorganisation, Patiala was created as a district and Nabha formed a subdivision in Patiala District. The modern Nabha is a thriving, if somewhat dusty town (about 25 kilometres from Patiala). Nabha is famous as a manufacturing hub of combine harvesters A new colony HIRA ENCLAVE(PUDA) has been established on the outskirts of Nabha city and has 864 plots with a population capacity of about 5000 people Like many other cities of India, Nabha has landmarks called "gates" which roughly circumscribe the city.
103–04 Agnew alleged that the newspapers were trying to circumscribe his First Amendment right to speak of what he believed, while demanding unfettered freedom for themselves, and warned, "the day when the network commentators and even the gentlemen of The New York Times enjoyed a form of diplomatic immunity from comment and criticism of what they said is over."Coyne, pp. 274–75 After Montgomery, Nixon sought a détente with the media, and Agnew's attacks ended. Agnew's approval rating soared to 64 percent in late November, and the Times called him "a formidable political asset" to the administration.
199, para. 15. A possible argument, which had not yet been posed to the Court, was that Article 93 of the Constitution, which vests the judicial power of Singapore in the Supreme Court, conferred on the Court of Appeal the power to reopen concluded appeals. Although judicial power is only exercisable when the court has jurisdiction in a matter, "where the SCJA [Supreme Court of Judicature Act] does not expressly state when its jurisdiction in a criminal appeal ends, there is no reason for this court to circumscribe its own jurisdiction to render itself incapable of correcting a miscarriage of justice at any time".Yong Vui Kong, p.
Hongqi CA7180A2E Hongqi CA7202E3 Hongqi CA7228L The C3-platform Audi 100 was also produced in Changchun, China, by FAW (First Automobile Works, a Chinese automotive manufacturer) starting in 1988. Since most products in China are designed for government use, all 100s manufactured as FAWs were front-wheel drive sedans with a 2.0 L inline-4 motor or a 2.2 L inline-5 motor. In 1990, Politburo of the CCP approved a resolution to circumscribe car import and the engine displacement of cars equipped to officials. Furthermore, the resolution also prescribed that all cars of central departments of both Party and government must be domestic built.
Yaoi stories are often strongly homosocial, which gives the men freedom to bond with each other and to pursue shared goals together, as in dojinshi representations of Captain Tsubasa, or to rival each other, as in Haru wo Daiteita. This spiritual bond and equal partnership overcomes the male-female power hierarchy. To be together, many couples depicted in conventional yaoi stories must overcome obstacles that are often emotional or psychological rather than physical. The theme of the protagonists' victory in yaoi has been compared favourably to Western fairy tales, as the latter intends to enforce the status quo, but yaoi is "about desire" and seeks "to explore, not circumscribe, possibilities".
He was unusually capable of immersing himself in the system of thought he wished to depict, such that in the words of his English-language biographer he could "write about [it] as if he accepted its theses and principles", and "it is not possible to circumscribe accurately what his own religious--not to mention political--convictions must have been."Mitchell, p. 14.Basil Willey, Review of Religious Currents in the 19th Century by Vilhelm Grønbech; translated by P. M. Mitchell, W. D. Paden, The Modern Language Review 60.3 (July 1965) 438-39. The admission of multiple realities (but only one actuality) is a leitmotiv in his work,Mitchell, pp. 112-13.
Gwen Bergner argues that Black Skin, White Masks only considers women in terms of their sexual relationships with men. Therefore, interracial relationships between black women and white men are viewed as simply another sign of colonial domination of the black man. Therefore, Bergner argues that "Fanon’s scathing condemnation of black women’s desire in the second chapter of Black Skin, White Masks, “is illustrative, in part, of his own desire to circumscribe black women’s sexuality and economic authority in order to ensure the patriarchal authority of black men." Bergner highlights Fanon's analysis of Capécia's job as a laundress as emblematic of her concerns with his critique.
BMP-4 Bone morphogenetic protein 4, or BMP4, is a transforming growth factor that causes the cells of the ectoderm to differentiate into skin cells. Without BMP4 the ectoderm cells would develop into neural cells. Axial mesoderm cells under the ectoderm secrete inhibitory signals called chordin, noggin and follistatin. These inhibitory signals prevent the action of BMP4, which would normally make the cells ectoderm; as a result, the overlying cells take their normal course and develop into neural cells. The cells in the ectoderm that circumscribe these neural cells do not receive the BMP4 inhibitor signals and as a result BMP4 induces these cells to develop into skin cells.
In the more formal taxonomy of Animalia other attributes that logically should precede the presence or absence of the vertebral column in constructing a cladogram, for example, the presence of a notochord. That would at least circumscribe the Chordata. However, even the notochord would be a less fundamental criterion than aspects of embryological development and symmetry or perhaps bauplan. Despite this, the concept of invertebrates as a taxon of animals has persisted for over a century among the laity, and within the zoological community and in its literature it remains in use as a term of convenience for animals that are not members of the Vertebrata.
The genus Annwoodia was named in 2017 to circumscribe an organism previously described as a member of the genus Thiobacillus, Thiobacillus aquaesulis - the type and only species is Annwoodia aquaesulis, which was isolated from the geothermal waters of the Roman Baths in the city of Bath in the United Kingdom by Ann P. Wood and Donovan P. Kelly of the University of Warwick - the genus was subsequently named to honour Wood's contribution to microbiology. The genus falls within the family Thiobacillaceae along with Thiobacillus and Sulfuritortus, both of which comprise autotrophic organisms dependent on thiosulfate, other sulfur oxyanions and sulfide as electron donors for chemolithoheterotrophic growth. Whilst Annwoodia spp. and Sulfuritortus spp.
The estuary of the Saint Lawrence river in front of the Charlevoix region is one of the most active seismic regions in the east of Canada. Five earthquakes of a magnitude superior to 6 have occurred in history, in February 1663, December 1791, October 1860, October 1870 and February 1925. The distribution of these earthquakes indicates a concentration in the estuary, near La Malbaie and Rivière-du-Loup. Surveys and the establishment of a seismometer network were conducted in the 1970s and allowed to circumscribe the seismically active area in an area of on along the Saint Lawrence River, this zone includes the towns of La Malbaie, Baie-Saint-Paul and La Pocatière.
Carved into a foundation stone in England The Square and Compasses (or, more correctly, a square and a set of compasses joined together) is the single most identifiable symbol of Freemasonry. Both the square and compasses are architect's tools and are used in Masonic ritual as emblems to teach symbolic lessons. Some Lodges and rituals explain these symbols as lessons in conduct: for example, Duncan's Masonic Monitor of 1866 explains them as: "The square, to square our actions; The compasses, to circumscribe and keep us within bounds with all mankind". However, as Freemasonry is non-dogmatic, there is no general interpretation for these symbols (or any Masonic symbol) that is used by Freemasonry as a whole.
162 He remained associated with Ayatollah Montazeri, and after the Ayatollah's son died in the bombing of the Islamic Republican Party headquarters in 1981, Mehdi Hashemi took control of Montazeri's armed followers.Iran Report, 9 August 1999, Volume 2, Number 32, Global Security He followed Montazeri's interpretations of the Islamic revolution and its implementation during increasingly fractious and competing understandings within the ruling elite, which sought to circumscribe Montazeri's influence in Lebanon, and tighten the Iranian government's grip on its Lebanese Shi'a clients.Itamar Rabinovich, Haim Shaked, Middle East Contemporary Survey 1986, Volume 10; Volume 1986, p. 146 This led to factional conflicts, as different Iranian factions promoted Hezbollah or Amal, another Shi'a group associated with the Lebanese government.
At that point the Central Committee, prodded by Bobrowski, decided against the appointment of another dictator. However, on 10 March 1863 Langiewicz, influenced and misinformed by the White faction, in particular by Count Adam Grabowski, self-proclaimed as the Uprising's new dictator and took over a portion of the Committee's funds, which he used for arms purchases. Faced with such a fait accompli and wishing to avoid in-fighting among the insurrectionists, Bobrowski reluctantly affirmed and supported Langiewicz. Since Langiewicz was essentially a nominee of the "White" faction, the Red- dominated Committee insisted that as dictator he appoint advisers from its ranks and attempted to circumscribe his power to solely military matters.
The Biosophy Program was presented on the Internet by Anna Öhman & Svenolov Lindgren in January 1998. They noted that "the term biosophy was previously used by Zapffe (1941) in a literary context for the analysis of human social life based on philosophy of existence and biological facts. Such a narrow circumscription of biosophy is in our opinion no obstacle to widen the definition to encompass all systematic thinking on biological issues." The Biosophy Program was intended to circumscribe and systemize biological studies in a philosophical framework to support teaching at courses on philosophy and courses on biology. The biosophical thinking is defined by Öhman & Lindgren in five philosophical fields and discriminated from Næss’ ecosophy.
To do this, we are asked to say that he > cannot license others to use his invention on condition that they shall use > it only in conjunction with a nonpatentable article made by himself. The > only reason suggested for this limitation upon his right to define the terms > upon which others may use his invention is that a monopoly in the unpatented > article may thereby be created. Upon what authority are we to circumscribe > the exercise of the privileges awarded a patentee? In considering any > question in respect of restraints upon the liberty of contracting, imposed > by principles of public policy, we should bear in mind that very high > considerations of public policy are involved in the recognition of a wide > liberty in the making of contracts.
The New York Stock Exchange. Although overseas trade has been associated with the development of capitalism for over five hundred years, some thinkers argue that a number of trends associated with globalization have acted to increase the mobility of people and capital since the last quarter of the 20th century, combining to circumscribe the room to maneuver of states in choosing non-capitalist models of development. Today, these trends have bolstered the argument that capitalism should now be viewed as a truly world system (Burnham). However, other thinkers argue that globalization, even in its quantitative degree, is no greater now than during earlier periods of capitalist trade.Doug Henwood is an economist who has argued that the heyday of globalization was during the mid-19th century.
10; and "Hogg fears for British constitution", The Times, 16 April 1969, p. 6 It describes the state in which Parliament is dominated by the government of the day. It refers to the fact that the legislative programme of Parliament is determined by the government, and government bills virtually always pass the House of Commons because of the nature of the majoritarian first-past-the-post electoral system, which almost always produces strong government, in combination with the imposition of party discipline on the governing party's majority, which almost always ensures loyalty. In the absence of a codified constitution, this tendency toward executive dominance is compounded by the Parliament Acts and Salisbury Convention which circumscribe the House of Lords and their ability to block government initiatives.
1505, now in Ambrosiana) is in fragmentary state.Biblioteca Ambrosiana Before 1508, he designed the tapestries of the Months for Gian Giacom Trivulzio (now in Castello Sforzesco). The Saint Michael Altar (or Enthroned Madonna and child with Saint Ambrogio and Saint Michael) at the Biblioteca Ambrosiana,Biblioteca Ambrosiana notable for the foreshortened slain man (representing an Arian heretic") before a tough-looking Saint Ambrose and giant dead frog (symbolizing Satan) with Saint Michael in the foreground and impassive saints, dates to after 1510. Freedberg sees in this painting a Leonardo-based impulse to circumscribe the painting to a world where near-abstract rigorous geometry, characterized by "looming silhouettes of imagined and unpeopled architecture, constructed with a rule and square, take increasing prominence.
H.L. Mencken wrote of this prudish state of affairs in 1917: > The action of the novels of the Howells school goes on within four walls of > painted canvas; they begin to shock once they describe an attack of asthma > or a steak burning below stairs; they never penetrate beneath the flow of > social concealments and urbanities to the passions that actually move men > and women to their acts, and the great forces that circumscribe and > condition personality. So obvious a piece of reporting as Upton Sinclair’s > The Jungle or Robert Herrick’s Together makes a sensation; the appearance of > a Jennie Gerhardt or a Hagar Revelly brings forth a growl of astonishment > and rage.H.L. Mencken, A Book of Prefaces (New York: Knopf, 1917) pp. > 275-276.
For the Shias, Ali and the Imams who succeeded him gradually became the embodiment of God's continuing guidance, and they tended to stress the religious functions of the caliphate and deplore its political compromises; Sunnis were more inclined to circumscribe its religious role and more readily accepted its pragmatic dimensions. As these differences became increasingly vested with religious importance, they gave rise to two distinct forms of Islam. One assumption is that Sunnis represent Islam as it existed before the divisions, and should be considered as normative, or the standard. This perception is partly due to the reliance on highly ideological sources that have been accepted as reliable historical works, and also because the vast majority of the population is Sunni.
The enamels depict images of the crucifixion, the Virgin and child, symbols of the evangelists, several Franciscan saints (Saints Francis, Clare, and Anthony), Pope Nicholas himself, as well as angels, apostles, and prophets. The range of enamel colors includes azure, violet, yellow-gold, green, brown, and blue, and in various places the chiselling and engraving of the metalwork reveals the silver underneath the gold plating. His signature (Guccius Mannaie de Senis fecit) as well as the name of the commissioning Pope (Niccholaus Papa quartus) are contained in sixteen of the enamels that circumscribe the chalice’s stem. Commissioned by the first Franciscan pope, the chalice with its imagery is part of the vast decorative project that includes the frescoes and stained glass windows of the Basilica.
Smith credited Murphy with providing a "carefully detailed" and "meticulously logical" analysis of the moral implications of research into the causes of homosexuality. However, he also described the book as "somewhat repetitious". Hubbard credited Murphy with addressing "a range of interesting questions about the purpose and uses of scientific research" into homosexuality, but criticized his writing, calling it "convoluted and ponderous". She also criticized him for writing "as though ethics and moral philosophy exist outside politics", arguing that "the power relationships that determine what science gets done also circumscribe the extent to which it is done ethically" and that if "scientific inquiring takes place in a context in which its results are certain to be misused, then the ethical innocence it may have in other contexts becomes irrelevant".
With a depth, at its deepest point, of no more than four meters, its pond constitutes an ornithological reserve of exceptional importance in Europe, as it is the southernmost stopover of birds migrating between the Balkans and Africa. It gives shelter to no fewer than 270 bird species, among them greater flamingos, glossy ibis, grey herons, great egrets, little egrets, Eurasian curlews, golden plovers, black-winged stilts, great cormorants, common kingfishers, ruffs, garganeys, but also Audouin's gulls and birds of prey (lesser kestrels, ospreys, peregrine falcons and imperial eagles). It is Gialova, too, which plays host to a very rare species, nearing extinction throughout Europe, the African chameleon. The observation post of the Greek Ornithological Society allows visitors to find out more and to watch the shallow brackish waters of the lake; they can walk the paths that circumscribe Gialova's different ecosystems.
The program has to be gathered from the book itself. At the beginning is the well-known generalization of Euclid I.47 (Pappus's area theorem), then follow various theorems on the circle, leading up to the problem of the construction of a circle which shall circumscribe three given circles, touching each other two and two. This and several other propositions on contact, e.g., cases of circles touching one another and inscribed in the figure made of three semicircles and known as arbelos ("shoemaker's knife") form the first division of the book; Pappus turns then to a consideration of certain properties of Archimedes's spiral, the conchoid of Nicomedes (already mentioned in Book I as supplying a method of doubling the cube), and the curve discovered most probably by Hippias of Elis about 420 BC, and known by the name, τετραγωνισμός, or quadratrix.
A Blaschke product is a certain kind of mapping of the unit disk in the complex plane to itself, and the ones considered in the first part of the book have order three (they map the unit circle three-to-one to itself, so that each point on the unit circle has three preimages). These triples of preimages form triangles that are all inscribed in the unit circle, and (it turns out) they all circumscribe an ellipse. Thus, they form an infinite system of polygons inscribed in and circumscribing two conics, as Poncelet's theorem describes. The ellipse is the boundary of the numerical range of a certain matrix derived from the Blaschke product, a region within which the eigenvalues of the matrix can be found, and in this case the eigenvalues are at the foci of the ellipse.
Portrait by Fyodor Rokotov,1760s Panin supported Catherine when she overthrew her husband, Tsar Peter III, and declared herself empress in 1762, but his jealousy of Catherine's lovers caused him to constantly try to sleep with her. Also, his jealousy of the influence which Grigory Orlov and his brothers seemed likely to obtain over the new empress predisposed him to favor the proclamation of his ward the grand duke Paul as emperor, with Catherine as regent only. To circumscribe the influence of the ruling favorites, he next suggested the formation of a cabinet council of six or eight ministers, through whom all the business of the state was to be transacted, but Catherine, suspecting in the skillfully presented novelty a subtle attempt to limit her power, rejected it after some hesitation. Nevertheless, Panin continued to be indispensable.
76–77Sheehan, 1974: p. 171Rockwell, 2010: p. 88 In an 1803 private letter to William Henry Harrison, Jefferson wrote: :To promote this disposition to exchange lands, which they have to spare and we want, for necessaries, which we have to spare and they want, we shall push our trading uses, and be glad to see the good and influential individuals among them run in debt, because we observe that when these debts get beyond what the individuals can pay, they become willing to lop them off by a cession of lands.... In this way our settlements will gradually circumscribe and approach the Indians, and they will in time either incorporate with us as citizens of the United States, or remove beyond the Mississippi. The former is certainly the termination of their history most happy for themselves; but, in the whole course of this, it is essential to cultivate their love.
Furthermore, clause 19.1 did no more than provide for the extent of the lessee's obligation in respect of the condition in which the premises and its appurtenances were to be returned at the end of the lease. Clause 25.3, furthermore, did not indicate that the lessee could not raise any complaint about the condition of the premises at any stage during the lease, but remained liable to pay rental whatever that condition might be. Clause 25.4 of the lease was intended to circumscribe the lessor's liability in respect of damage that might be caused to the lessee's property as a result of defects to the premises. The fact that a clause might, in very wide terms, relieve a lessor from liability for damage which the lessee suffered because of defects did not mean that the former was relieved from all obligations to the latter; the latter might still avail himself of all residual obligations to the lessor which were not excluded by the written lease.
By 1987, the number of officially recognized development projects had increased to 1482. When Perestroika allowed an atmosphere in which the Baháʼís began to meet and organize again, the first Local Spiritual Assemblies of Armenia formed in 1991. After being part of the regional national assembly with Russia since 1992, Armenian Baháʼís elected their first National Spiritual Assembly in 1995 with Hand of the Cause, Rúhíyyih Khanum representing the Universal House of Justice. Despite a history of contributing to societies in which the Baháʼís are located, there are laws proposed in the Armenian legislature in 2009 proposing to circumscribe religious activities: one proposes that those who organise campaigns to spread their faith would face up to two years' imprisonment, while those who simply engage in spreading their faith would face up to one year's imprisonment or a fine of more than eight years' minimum wages while the other proposes that gaining legal status would require 1,000 adult members and other restrictions.
Maltese Jews in Valletta, 19th century Sephardi Jewish family descendants of Spanish expellees in Bosnia, 19th century An Indian Jewish family in Cochin, India, circa 1900 Eastern Ashkenazic family living in the Shtetl of Romanivka, circa 1905 Yemenite Jews in Sa'dah, smoking Nargile. Ethiopian Jewish women at Jerusalem's Western Wall, 2006 Bukharan Jewish teacher and students in Samarkand, modern-day Uzbekistan, circa 1910 Berber Jews from the Atlas Mountains of Morocco, circa 1900 Chinese Jews from the city of Kaifeng, China, circa 1900 Kurdish Jews in Rawanduz, Iraqi Kurdistan, 1905 Juhur Imuni (Mountain Jews) girls of the Caucasus, 1913 Bnei Menashe Jews from Northern India, celebrating Purim, in Karmiel, Israel. Because of the independence of local communities, Jewish ethnic divisions, even when they circumscribe differences in liturgy, language, cuisine and other cultural accoutrements, are more often a reflection of geographic and historical isolation from other communities. It is for this reason that communities are referred to by referencing the historical region in which the community cohered when discussing their practices, regardless of where those practices are found today.
One can define a set of disjoint planes in this way from the circles of the packing, and a second set of disjoint planes defined by the circles that circumscribe each triangular gap between three of the circles in the packing. These two sets of planes meet at right angles, and form the generators of a reflection group whose fundamental domain can be viewed as a hyperbolic manifold. By Mostow rigidity, the hyperbolic structure of this domain is uniquely determined, up to isometry of the hyperbolic space; these isometries, when viewed in terms of their actions on the Euclidean plane on the boundary of the half-plane model, translate to Möbius transformations. There is also a more elementary proof of the same uniqueness property, based on the maximum principle and on the observation that, in the triangle connecting the centers of three mutually tangent circles, the angle formed at the center of one of the circles is monotone decreasing in its radius and monotone increasing in the two other radii.
Part I, Section 3 of the Constitution states that it is “the supreme law of Tuvalu” and that “all other laws shall be interpreted and applied subject to this Constitution”. Section 15 section 15 set out a statement as to how the question whether a law is “reasonably justifiable in a democratic society” is to be addressed. Part II of the Constitution sets out the Principles of the Bill of Rights and the Protection of the Fundamental Rights and Freedoms; with Subdivision B of Part II setting out special exceptions to those rights and freedoms. In particular Section 29 (1) refer states that the “Preamble acknowledges that Tuvalu is an Independent State based on Christian principles, the Rule of Law, Tuvaluan values, culture and tradition, and respect for human dignity.” Section 29 (3) describes the way in which Tuvaluan values may circumscribe freedoms of the individual to acknowledged community values: :(3) Within Tuvalu, the freedoms of the individual can only be exercised having regard to the rights or feelings of other people, and to the effect on society.
The collective amendments in Schedule 2 reinforce the privacy protections established under Schedule 1. According to the Memorandum, the amendments regarding the limitation of agencies that can apply for access to stored communications warrants, and the types of authorities and bodies that can authorise the disclosure of telecommunications data under Division 4 of the TIA Act, contribute to ensuring that access is reasonable, proportionate and necessary. The Memorandum claims that the amendment of the definition of ‘enforcement agency’ to clearly circumscribe the agencies who may access telecommunications data effectively ensures access is limited to those agencies that have a clear and scrutinised need for access to telecommunications data in the performance of their functions. Furthermore, in order to reinforce the privacy protections associated with a user's telecommunications data contained within the TIA Act, Schedule 2 introduces limitations upon the types of agencies permitted to authorise the disclosure of telecommunications data for an agency's investigation. In this respect, the Act increases the threshold requirement in s 180F, by requiring that the authorising officer be ‘satisfied on reasonable grounds’ that a particular disclosure or use of telecommunication data is proportionate to the intrusion into privacy it represents.
Extends the statute of limitations for certain offenses involving the sexual exploitation of children. Requires the Attorney General, within one year, to submit a report to the Congress recommending possible changes in the Federal Rules of Evidence, the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, and other courtroom prosecutorial and investigative procedures which would facilitate the participation of child witnesses in cases involving child abuse and sexual exploitation. Specifies a list of considerations including: (1) the use of closed-circuit cameras, two-way mirrors, and other out-of-court statements; (2) the use of judicial discretion to circumscribe the use of harassment or confusing questions; (3) the use of videotape in investigations; (4) the possibility of streamlining investigative procedures; and (5) improved training of prosecutorial and investigative staff in the special problems of child witnesses. Requires the Attorney General to modify the classification system used by the National Crime Information Center in its Interstate Identification Index, and by the Identification Division of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, with respect to offenses involving the sexual exploitation of children, to include the age of the victim and the relationship of the victim to the offender.

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