Because your life is your caste, your caste is your life.
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Caste discrimination against Christians, whose ancestors were lower-caste Hindus, persists in the country.
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Recent caste violence has shown that India's Hindu nationalists are struggling with the challenges of caste.
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For example, only 33% of affluent upper-caste women responded to advances from successful lower-caste men.
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It's notable that Pops doesn't belong to the Jatt caste; his family hail from the carpenter caste.
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As she writes in this poignant memoir: "Your life is your caste, your caste is your life."
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So are social tensions, especially those that divide Hindus from Muslims, and upper caste from lower caste.
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To get its upper-caste Hindu members to treat the lower-caste members and supporters as equal is rather difficult but necessary for the B.J.P. The persistence of caste discrimination has resulted in the emergence of aggressive Dalit groups whose leaders mirror the belligerence of the upper-caste politicians.
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An upper-caste Hindu doctor, Mr Beck suggests, could turn away a lower-caste patient he considered untouchable.
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But in fact the practice of caste before the British came was much more relaxed, much more fuzzy; there was much more permeability between caste and much more movement of caste up the social chain.
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Myth No. 5: Hinduism supports a discriminatory caste system Reality: Caste discrimination is rooted not in religion but culture.
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Caste-bound Hindu conservatives declared that the paler-skinned intruders must be ancestors of higher-caste Brahmins and Kshatriyas.
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Competing iconography in public spaces involving upper-caste and lower-caste Hindus has now exploded into murder and arson.
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The Jats are considered a relatively wealthy upper caste, but they want to be officially classified as a "backward" caste.
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And given the magnitude of caste-based aggression and harassment on Twitter, its blindness to caste in India is alarming.
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From birth, every North Korean is marked by the government as a member of a loyal "core" caste, a "wavering" middle caste or a "hostile" caste, and this designation determines access to food, housing, education, jobs — everything.
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The violence has drawn attention to Mr. Adityanath's failure of governance during disputes between the upper-caste and lower-caste Hindus.
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Despite their education, she and her family were daily subjected to reminders of their caste status, and the author found herself thinking, incessantly, about the relation between religion and caste, between caste and social status, social status and wealth.
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Since the banning of caste-based discrimination in India in 1955, the lives of many lower-caste Indians have improved, villagers said.
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And since Islamic beliefs don't include a caste system, the discrimination cannot be defined in terms of caste and is labeled religious.
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Scientist lodges complaint against cook for lying about caste A senior government scientist has lodged a complaint against her personal chef for "lying about her caste" and pretending to be Brahmin, the country's highest caste according to the controversial societal system.
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Since India's independence in 1947, there have been comprehensive efforts to address the dehumanizing impact of the caste system on lower-caste communities.
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An upper caste woman has a greater voice and participation in the economy, democracy and politics as compared to a lower caste woman.
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"Your life is your caste, your caste is your life," Gidla writes, in this memoir of her family's existence as untouchables in India.
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As a Ph.D. student, Mr. Murugan married a woman from a caste of potters, rather than his own higher landowning caste, the Gounders.
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The Constitution bans discrimination based on caste, and the government has instituted quotas for low-caste people in government jobs and at universities.
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Some caste rigidities have softened over time, but the structure is remarkably robust: even now only one in 20 marriages crosses barriers of caste.
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A connection with Indira Gandhi may not be enough "to overcome barriers of caste, sub-caste, proven administrative skill [and] political acumen," said Kidwai.
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India banned caste-based discrimination in 1955, but centuries-old attitudes persist, and lower-caste groups including Dalits are among the most marginalized communities.
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India banned caste-based discrimination in 1955, but centuries-old biases persist, and lower-caste groups, including Dalits, are among the most marginalized communities.
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The most intelligent of these is "Mukkabaaz," a love story of a lower-caste boxer and an upper-caste girl, directed by Anurag Kashyap.
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Today the caste-occupation relationship has broken down a bit; in Thati just about all the families, whatever their caste, are involved in farming.
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It was found that many upper-caste villagers, including Dalits of higher sub-caste than the drain-cleaners, see toilets as "polluting" to their homes.
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Ramnamis wrote Ram's name on their bodies as a message to higher-caste Indians that god was everywhere, regardless of a person's caste or social standing.
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Even below the lowest caste of laborers are the Dalits, so low on the social hierarchy that they are outside the formal structure of caste altogether.
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But shockwaves from the violence, which pitted higher-caste agitators against an annual gathering of out-of-caste Dalits (once known as untouchables), have spread far.
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Daughters of Destiny follows five Indian girls who belong to the Dalit caste—India's lowest, most impoverished caste—as they attend a school called Shanti Bhavan.
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Democracy, too, is an enemy of caste: The low-caste groups form a powerful voting bloc, and so politicians are obliged to be responsive to them.
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"Dalit," which means "oppressed," refers to the caste of people who suffer the greatest violence, discrimination and disenfranchisement under India's caste apartheid that structures Hindu society.
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In March, the government revealed in Parliament that scholarships worth $1.255 billion meant for scheduled caste — Dalit and other lower caste — students had not been paid.
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Well, in practice, intersectionality functions as kind of caste system, in which people are judged according to how much their particular caste has suffered throughout history.
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Just last week, a mob of upper caste men in Gujarat hacked a young Dalit to death for riding a horse — lower caste people aren't supposed to.
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The site let me filter matches by income, height, religion, caste, and subcaste—a clear reminder that the ancient Indian caste system is still alive and kicking.
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However, the amendment is yet to be implemented, with caste rights groups claiming that upper-caste Hindus have placed pressure on politicians to slow down its progress.
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Indeed, caste-based quotas in education and government jobs are so tempting that some "low" castes like Patels want to be officially recognized as a backward caste.
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Caste discrimination in Pakistan often involves its non-Muslim population and its Hindu past, and allows Muslims to minimize their own caste differences by projecting discrimination outward.
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In one scene, the upper-caste politician refuses a drink of water at the home of the central character, who is a lower caste man played by Rajinikanth.
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India banned caste-based discrimination in 1955, but centuries-old biases persist, and lower-caste Dalits - once called "untouchables" - are among the most marginalized communities in the country.
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He claims that the drive to have caste included in the Equality Act was triggered by endemic caste discrimination in both the British Sikh and British Hindu communities.
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" Yet the latest caste protests are only the most violent and visible in what has been a steady stream of requests from different caste groups claiming to be "backward.
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India's Supreme Court sided with the upper caste employee and ruled that there must be more guidelines in caste-based cases to protect the accused from being falsely prosecuted.
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A light-skinned, high-caste and religious woman, she ran a secular party championing lower-caste Tamils, whose mustachioed cadres fell to the floor in devotion when she passed.
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Members of the higher caste sometimes consider them impure, and they aren't allowed to enter the homes or temples of the upper-caste community or share utensils with them.
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So within the context of caste, social and spiritual mobility happen between lifetimes, and it could therefore take many lifetimes to escape lower-caste social status and achieve spiritual liberation.
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The caste system in India has eroded as individualistic values have spread: the proportion of upper-caste weddings with segregated seating fell from 75% to 13% between 1990 and 2008.
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The irony could not have been more stark: It was caste on one hand that had forced this occupation upon them, and it was caste that was degrading them further.
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" These sentiments are echoed by Ravi Kumar of the Anti Caste Discrimination Alliance, a group dedicated to eradicating caste in the UK. "We have been told of examples of youths fighting at music events due to caste-based lyrics," he says "I personally experienced it growing up myself whilst in the West Midlands.
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But activists for the Dalits, members of the "untouchable" caste, said that glossing over the caste system would do little to protect students and would be an inaccurate portrayal of India.
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" Children were socialized to their roles in this "caste
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" Seema, 25 "Upper caste men make fun of us.
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"Social status and economic power are so woven and fused into the caste system in Indian rural society that one may without hesitation, say that if poverty be the cause, caste is the primary index of social backwardness, so that social backwardness is often readily identifiable with reference to a person's caste," the judgment said.
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Upper-caste Hindus consider the cow to be a holy animal that should be revered, while lower caste Dalits and minority Muslims slaughter cows and consume beef for business and nutritional purposes.
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Many of the caste-based lyrics in bhangra songs centre on portrayals of Jatts as hyper-masculine tough guys, in-keeping with the notion that they were born into a warrior caste.
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MUMBAI (Thomson Reuters Foundation) - A former rebel fighter and member of India's "untouchable" caste is taking on caste-based discrimination with packaged foods that would have been regarded as impure just decades ago.
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When the conversation turned to caste-based abuse, Gadde and Dorsey reportedly fumbled, seemingly unaware of the extent to which lower-caste individuals face discrimination and harassment on Twitter, the sources told BuzzFeed.
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When Pakistan was created after the partition of colonial India, upper-caste Hindus and Sikhs fled or were forced to leave for India, leaving their poorer and less mobile lower-caste coreligionists behind.
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Members of the higher caste sometimes consider them impure, and in certain places, they still aren't allowed to enter the homes or temples of the upper-caste community or share utensils with them.
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Members of the higher caste sometimes consider Dalits impure, and in certain places, they still aren't allowed to enter the homes or temples of the upper-caste community or share utensils with them.
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It cuts across class, caste, community and other social divides.
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Girls like me of a lower caste have no value.
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A warrior caste of poor souls fights our modern wars.
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PiS says it is dismantling an "extraordinary caste" of judges.
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The upper caste are the ones that hold the power.
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Caste discrimination, while less systemic today, continues to blight society.
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But we all knew that caste clung to us all.
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Almost everyone buys into some version of this caste system.
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Hindu scriptures do not support the caste system by birth.
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With their "other backward caste" status, many Yadavs have prospered.
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Twitter executives quickly cowed before the oppressive power of caste.
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"Some people are trying to create caste tensions," he said.
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But the new caste system will shatter this collective delusion.
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The vote is in the name of caste, family, community.
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" Vice described Buttigieg's vision for America as a "caste system.
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In Hindu Nagar, caste lines are visible from the street.
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Dividing lines have been drawn along caste and religious lines.
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An outlawed caste system Today the caste system in India is a complex and contentious web of social, political, commercial, and interpersonal relationships intertwined with hereditary groups, tribal and regional identities, and cultural practices.
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Religion and caste violence play a central role in politics in Uttar Pradesh and fanning communal tension often brings political gains to parties that claim to protect different religious and caste groups, analysts say.
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Tirkey's was the first case of caste discrimination to reach a courtroom in the UK, but according to British charity Anti Caste Discrimination Alliance (ACDA), her situation is representative of a much larger problem.
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In recent years, reports of violent incidents against Dalits have increased dramatically, activists say, pointing to incidents in different states across the country where upper-caste mobs often beat or killed lower-caste Indians.
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Whereas Jatts once had the monopoly on caste-centric bhangra, more and more Chamaars are now beginning to mention their caste in their songs as a means of evoking pride in their much-maligned background.
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Asked about criticism of the B.J.P. for promoting upper-caste officials like him, he said that the previous state government had favored its supporters, mainly Muslims and Yadavs, a caste once linked to cattle herding.
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Consequently, almost every religion in India cultivated its own caste system.
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That meant plenty of disappointment to be shared among every caste.
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The lower the caste, the more vulnerable and marginalized you are.
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Millions of lower-caste Dalit laborers and tenant farmers remain landless.
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Such social restrictions become more rigid higher up the caste hierarchy.
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This was probably part of the initiation into a priest caste.
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Historically caste was defined by profession, occupation or function in society.
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The popularity of both men cuts across social and caste divides.
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In some places, it's the lowest person in the caste system.
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The initial accusation against her was not about religion but caste.
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A: I always wanted to do a film on caste discrimination.
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In your own town or village, everyone already knows your caste.
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In Hinduism's caste system, Dalits are traditionally at the bottom rung.
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That may mean targeting a particular caste or religion, for example.
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People in this caste work phenomenally hard to build their wealth.
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Goats have a defined social caste, despite their laid back goofiness.
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Dalits are traditionally at the bottom rung in India's caste system.
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The couple, who belonged to the lowest rung of India's caste hierarchy, had owed upper-caste shopkeeper Ashok Mishra 15 rupees (22 U.S. cents) but said they were unable to pay back the money, authorities said.
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Read August 2015: Why India is still fighting over caste system Haryana's Jats -- a rural but relatively well-off caste group -- are demanding the same reservations in government employment as extended to economically disadvantaged lower castes.
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This post originally appeared on VICE UK. In 2012, Permila Tirkey—a member of India's lowest caste—was awarded about $330,20163 at an employment tribunal after being treated like a slave by a higher-caste couple.
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It is generally agreed that, as with most forms of discrimination, caste prejudice is perpetuated by a small minority, and that the majority of the British Asian population would rather leave the caste system behind in India.
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"There are laws against bonded labor and against abuse, but these are poor, low-caste workers who are afraid of the higher-caste owners," said Flavia Agnes, a co-founder of women's rights organization Majlis in Mumbai.
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In the southern province of Sindh, some upper-caste landowners stayed, while low-caste Hindus took the religion, its temples and practices into their hands in a startling departure from Hindu tradition that has no Indian counterpart.
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Officials said that on Wednesday, men from the Gujjar caste — a midrank caste, and the dominant one in that area — were bent on taking possession of about 100 acres that tribal farmers were using to grow rice.
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Officials said that on Wednesday, men from the Gujjar caste — a midrank caste, and the dominant one in that area — were bent on taking possession of about 100 acres that tribal farmers were using to grow rice.
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Like many reformist movements within Hinduism, Lingayats bridle at the caste system.
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"I'll push for spiritual politics without caste or religious leanings," Rajinikanth said.
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The upper caste have more resources, more power and a stronger network.
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It was an awkward social caste, to be older but less popular.
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The quota system's meant to correct inequalities created by the caste structure.
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"Every religion has some form of caste and discrimination," Ms. Shukla said.
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The question of drinking order is a vestige of the Hindu caste
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In January, a Dalit Ph.D. student committed suicide after caste-based hounding.
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Some consider them low caste, but they dominate political life in Haryana.
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The women are Dalits, a social caste that has traditionally suffered discrimination.
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Not, 'I'm great, my caste is great,' but my country is great.
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But Mayawati has also been credited with empowering oppressed lower caste Hindus.
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So, we added caste, because YouTube has become so significant in India.
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The brutal caste system that meritocratic competition engenders fuels politically potent rage.
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It is now Muslims, especially in Punjab, who maintain a caste hierarchy.
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India's Constitution prohibits discrimination on the basis of gender, caste or religion.
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The strategy earned the B.J.P. a significant number of lower-caste votes.
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That will just make Trump the people's hero against the Washington caste.
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But what was a tiered system is morphing into a caste system.
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Lower-caste leaders have swept to power promising to right historical injustices.
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What has happened to Everton is typical of this caste of clubs.
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"It has taken the power out of upper caste hands," she said.
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But 95 percent of Indians still marry within their caste, experts say.
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They aren't some extraordinary caste; they are servants of the Polish people.
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And few traditions run deeper than the 22014,231-year-old caste hierarchy.
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The latest incident happened in October in the state of Tamil Nadu, where an upper-caste man beheaded a 14-year-old Dalit girl in front of her mother and was jailed for a caste-based hate crime.
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If the low caste-centric BSP is victorious, that would imply caste and identity politics remain a major issue in India, which could result in the BSP having less bearing on the BJP and national politics, Eurasia explained.
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It is however notable that although there are some pro-Chamaar lyrics about the caste struggle, there are others that big up Chamaars and say how great their caste is in much the same way as the Jatts.
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While such killings are more common in feudalistic northern Indian states, Evidence has recorded about 187 caste-based killings in Tamil Nadu in the past five years, most involving a higher-caste woman married to a Dalit man.
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But in Pakistan, neither the Christians, who are understood to have been low-caste Hindus, nor the Muslims, who have adopted the role of their high-caste coreligionists, can refer to the vanished past that mediates their relations.
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Our analysis of Indian data shows that growth benefits upper-caste Hindus before others: From 1987 to 2011, the share of India's extremely poor people who were Muslim or lower-caste Hindus rose to 55 percent, from 46 percent.
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Once seen as an economic modernizer who rose above the caste fray, he has bent to Indian reality, trying to build his support beyond his party's upper-caste base by playing up his family's humble roots as tea sellers.
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That caste-based discrimination and harassment also plays out online, frequently on Twitter.
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Heng India's prime minister tries to grapple with the country's shifting caste system.
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"Far from resisting the emergence of the new caste system" that Ronald Reagan
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In many parts of India, people still follow caste taboos, and often violently.
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Caste, far from being purged, became a characteristic of Indian Christianity and Buddhism.
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More recently, it has targeted judges, whom it regards as a spoilt "caste".
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It's not a class system or a caste system, it's just a hierarchy.
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In many of the cases, these crimes are committed by upper caste perpetrators.
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" Jyoti, 24 "Have you heard upper caste girls getting raped in our community?
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Hijras are often found living together in communities that function like a caste.
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India's most recent crime statistics, which cover 2015, track only caste-based crimes.
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India's most recent criminal data, which cover 2015, track only caste-based crimes.
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Families also factor in caste, income level and religion, which Tinder does not.
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Democracy is a relative novelty; Nepalis are divided by caste, religion and language.
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Bottom rung In Hinduism's caste system, Dalits are traditionally at the bottom rung.
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The Naipauls were poor in money but, as Brahmins, rich in caste-pride.
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With caste and status in flux, clinging to some imagined superiority based on
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Those who discriminate based on caste fail to understand the essence of Hinduism.
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The police have charged him under the act that criminalizes caste-based violence.
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The modern Indian state has tried to correct the imbalances that caste creates.
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Prime Minister Narendra Modi has benefited by claiming his own "low caste" status.
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Caste differences still impact the life chances of people on the Indian subcontinent.
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Q: What does the film say about the way India looks at caste?
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A: A lot of urban Indians don't believe that this (caste discrimination) happens.
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More than half of India's lower-caste population is landless, official data show.
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Each caste has its own special role and its own place to live.
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They were Sherpas, the ethnic caste known for guiding expeditions to Mount Everest.
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"Congress has campaigned vigorously and formed alliances with important caste leaders," Jha says.
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The higher-caste men greeted Mr. Sardar with a punch to the face.
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And recent studies show income and education levels correlate very closely with caste.
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Dominant-caste associations, such as the powerful Nair Service Society, were conspicuously absent.
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Police charged the alleged killer under an act that criminalizes caste-based violence.
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For example, he was an early campaigner against the ill-treatment of Dalits, yet for much of his life kept faith in Hinduism's caste divisions and failed to support inter-caste marriages (initially he was also against Hindu-Muslim unions).
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Not surprisingly, the stories reflect the racial, religious, socio-economic and gender prejudices of India's predominantly patriarchal and religious orthodoxy, which privileges fair-skinned, upper-caste Hindu males (caste is a toxic, hereditary class system particular to the Hindu religion).
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The BJP's traditional support base is among upper-caste Hindus but the party has sought to broaden its appeal, winning a landslide victory in a state election in Uttar Pradesh in March with the backing of many low-caste voters.
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A striking detail unites virtually all the latest instances of child-snatching vigilantism, as it does other cases of deadly mob violence in supposed defence of cows, or directed against suspected witches, or lower-caste defilers of upper-caste space.
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Although many assume caste discrimination only affects people in predominantly Hindu, Sikh or Buddhist countries, I recently investigated caste prejudice in the UK for VICE, and discovered that it's a very real problem for Hindus and Sikhs in England as well.
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We Armourites were living right alongside a social caste system we didn't dare discuss, but unlike the more obviously racist caste systems of other rural areas, this was one that the national media and government more or less accepted without question.
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" Kumar believes the opposition to the legislation comes in part from temples wanting to assign important religious positions based on caste: "Some people think, 'We want to pick and choose our priests, and they have to be from a higher caste.
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The BJP, which has a base among upper-caste Hindus, holds some useful cards.
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And a surprising number of urban Indians admit they still adhere to caste taboos.
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Dalit students face pervasive discrimination from higher-caste fellow students, faculty members and administrators.
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Mr Vajpayee's educated, upper-caste bearing was not necessarily an asset among humbler voters.
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Upper caste men do anything they want because they know we can't fight back.
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They are dalits, once called "untouchables", at the bottom of the Hindu caste system.
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In response, BeingIndian released "The Indian Dalit," a video interviewing caste members across India.
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Many higher-caste Hindus considered food cooked or served by Dalits to be impure.
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They are the equivalent of the Brahmins and Kshatriyas of the Indian caste system.
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Caste rights activists claim that Jatt-centric lyrics are exacerbating divisions amongst British Indians.
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At a point, a professional warrior caste becomes indistinguishable from an army of foreigners.
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Village-dwellers are also reluctant to abandon informal rural safety nets based on caste.
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The killings had caste overtones but were ostensibly for the crime of defecating outside.
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A few people said don't get married as it was an inter-caste marriage.
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And the caste system plays no small role when it comes to open defecation.
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The figure is lower for lower-caste Dalit and indigenous women who are single.
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Khap panchayats are unelected village councils comprising men of a particular clan or caste.
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So the protesters took to the streets demanding caste-based quotas for government posts.
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Caste is a religious notion of spiritual purity that defines one's function on earth.
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Mr. Schwarzman, with an estimated $12 billion fortune, is the embodiment of that caste.
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For thousands of years, societies divided people into permanent categories of race or caste.
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The country mourns Nia Wilson through protest; in India, a dominant caste wants more.
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They experienced wars and occasional famines, and even had a kind of untouchable caste.
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Bahujan Samaj: The party counts Dalits, or low-caste Indians, as its core constituency.
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The photograph was seen as Twitter endorsing our call to end caste and patriarchy.
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A fierce backlash on Indian Twitter from India's caste elites, particularly the Brahmins, followed.
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It could introduce a formal option to report caste-related abuse and hate speech.
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Even while he still saw some value in the caste system, Gandhi opposed untouchability.
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I'm told my biological parents came from the untouchable caste, the lowest in India.
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But perhaps more important, Ma came from a high caste family of good repute.
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We have had so many social reformations such as against untouchability (related to caste).
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The five men accused of her murder are from Hindu Nagar's dominant landowning caste.
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After that, the solidification of India's caste system resulted in a shift toward endogamy.
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Moldbug in particular views American society as a kind of Indian-style caste system.
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In India, there's a famous saying: 'Indians don't cast their votes, they vote their caste.
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For example, India's constitution legally abolishes "untouchability" and prohibits discrimination on the basis of caste.
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One website that writes about Dalit issues lists 116 forms of caste segregation still practiced.
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In his practice, it was not unusual to see state justice conflict with caste justice.
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" Rekha Devi, 33 "We are not allowed to enter the houses of upper caste people.
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" Meera Devi, 26 "Upper caste men give us names which are both abusive and derogatory.
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We do not want to work under the upper caste people and compromise our dignity.
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Dalits, as India's lowest caste, have long been vulnerable to discrimination and acts of violence.
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In many of the cases, these crimes are committed by perpetrators from an upper caste.
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A member of the lowest caste, Mimi, toils away recycling computer components for her masters.
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Intriguingly, though, 60% of less affluent upper-caste women expressed an interest in such men.
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But something that looks remarkably like caste marriage is becoming increasingly common in rich countries.
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But we've got a certain political caste, and they won't step down until they die.
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Their long-term goal was to do away with the iniquity of caste barriers altogether.
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He became a Dalit campaigner and a champion of economic empowerment to end caste bias.
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The Jats are a caste-like community spread from Pakistan across much of north India.
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In Uttar Pradesh's Jaunpur district, landless Dalits bear the brunt of this ancient caste discrimination.
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And these caste-based social structures extend to places like Sri Lanka and Nepal, too.
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He said that her being from a lower Hindu caste could work in her favour.
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Most were low-caste Dalits and indigenous people who had lived there for 30 years.
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Mr Harari envisages an elite caste of Homo sapiens evolving into something unrecognisable: Homo deus.
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A very toothless law The reasons behind child marriage vary from region, caste and religion.
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India's rigid Hindu caste system plays a key role in politics, particularly in the north.
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Caste, instead of withering away as Indian democracy matures, has asserted itself in new ways.
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The family is Brahmin, members of Hinduism's highest caste, which was long associated with priesthood.
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There are people who don't want to date each other because of these caste issues.
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Aatish Taseer NEW DELHI — It is one thing to have a theoretical knowledge of caste.
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In the cloistered, English-speaking world where I grew up, caste seemed hardly to exist.
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He is a lower-caste Hindu who speaks in a playful, down-to-earth language.
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It is because they played the caste-game very well and faced a disunited opposition.
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Just recently, a lower caste man was scalped simply for asking for his rightful wages.
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They have gone on to kill scores of people, mostly Muslims and lower-caste Dalits.
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In polarized regions, they often become occasions for violence between different religious or caste groups.
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Only many of those righteous notions also reeked of upper-caste sanctimony and class privilege.
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But the burden of the office streams any responsible incumbent into a caste of one.
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Achievement in college should not be premised on an educational caste system based on income.
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In some places, Gujjars complain that they themselves are discriminated against because of their caste.
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And while some caste lines had faded, they remained as rigid as ever in politics.
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He had mobilized his upper-caste allies in the local B.J.P. government to stop it.
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Home innovations like smart microwaves and toilets could lock us into a digital caste system.
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Gidla's realisation of the inherent violence of the caste system came on July 17, 1985 when six Dalit men were killed and three young women raped by high-caste Hindus in Andhra Pradesh state in a case that shook the country for its brutality.
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It took a spokesman for the party less than eight hours to file a complaint with the police, claiming that she was stirring up hatred on the basis of caste—an offence in India—even though the tweet had made no mention of caste.
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State police now harass non-vegetarian restaurants and Muslims who have allegedly seduced Hindu girls, but pay scant heed to incidents such as an attack in May by upper-caste Thakurs on low-caste dalits that left one person dead and dozens of houses torched.
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Kausalya, now 20, was left bloodied and dazed by the attack captured on security cameras and viewed throughout India but her husband, Sankar, 22, died from his injuries, inflicted as he was a low-caste Dalit and had married a woman from a higher caste.
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Under India's nationalist Prime Minister Narendra Modi, caste-based violence across the country has been rising.
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Skin lightening in India has deep roots in the colorism and caste system of Indian society.
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Ultimately, it will be up to young Indians to determine the future of the caste system.
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India's large Muslim, Christian, Sikh, Buddhist and Jain minorities often claim to be free of caste.
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Across the country and up and down the caste scale, the experience of progress is similar.
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And when it rains, Dalits are not supposed to use an umbrella in upper caste neighborhoods.
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"No upper-caste Hindu did as much to challenge untouchability as Gandhi," Mr Guha concludes, convincingly.
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Rohith Vemula was a PhD candidate who died by suicide in 2016 after facing caste discrimination.
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THERE are 2200 gradations in India's archaic caste system, from the priestly to the supposedly untouchable.
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Much like the U.S., Asian countries suffer from colorism and caste systems within their own societies.
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The south has long been readier than the north to agitate against the strictures of caste.
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JUDGES are a pampered caste of crooks, according to Poland's governing Law and Justice party (PiS).
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Vigilantes have disproportionately targeted Muslims and Dalits, formerly known as "untouchables" in the Hindu caste system.
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Dalits were barred from public places including temples and water tanks frequented by higher-caste Hindus.
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The quirks of India's caste system just give them an unusual way to make their demands.
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Dalits, who are often referred to as untouchables, occupy the lowest rung on India's caste system.
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Dalits and other lower-caste people make up nearly a fourth of India's 1.3 billion population.
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The BJP's big wins show support from across the Hindu community regardless of caste, pollsters said.
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In the United States, we live in kind of a racial caste system, which is oppressive.
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The story also highlights the role of caste and gender in land rights issues, she said.
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They were demanding inclusion in India's caste-based affirmative action program, seeking access to government jobs.
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Sixty-eight percent of those surveyed believed that caste should be included in the Equality Act.
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The vestiges of the hierarchical caste system continue to limit people's educational, career, and life prospects.
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These ancient categories are not the same thing as the caste system, but they undergird it.
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Another cop begs him not to arrest the main suspect, a man from a higher caste.
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There's a politician who forms an alliance with a lower-caste politician to win Dalit votes.
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Born into a lower caste, she says she feels humiliated by the way she is treated.
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For more than a century, this Establishment resided at the top of the American caste system.
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The Rajputs are a powerful voice in India, tens of millions strong, historically a warrior caste.
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That singular act of defiance mocked the caste system, which ascribes menial tasks to the Dalits.
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Even more, he was radically inclusive for his day, accepting students regardless of caste or gender.
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Guha is at pains to refute Arundhati Roy's dismissal of Gandhi as a reactionary on caste.
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Nadars have traditionally occupied a low status in the caste ladder but have risen through entrepreneurship.
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Mr. Grillo's scorching denunciation of the "caste" that in his view ran Italy to the ground.
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Their raps about class, caste and poverty caught fire around the nation, especially among younger generations.
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Not allowed to eat sitting next to a caste Hindu or to use the same utensils.
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According to a recent analysis, hate crimes have risen sharply against Muslims and lower-caste Hindus.
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"Indian police are extremely colonial and caste-ist," said Shahid Siddiqui, a former member of Parliament.
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But it does know the southern caste system and the premium that system placed on propriety.
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The Congress party is counting on her to appeal to women across caste and religious lines.
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MUMBAI (Thomson Reuters Foundation) - Education alone will not lift millions of lower-caste Indians out of poverty and oppression as long as land in the country is in the hands of a powerful few, according to a Dalit writer whose memoir chronicles her family's struggles against caste.
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Video "When someone marries beneath their caste, or above their caste, the parents generally get really angry about it and can subject the couple to honor killing," said immigration attorney Judith Wood, who has represented and won a number of asylum claims on behalf of Indian nationals.
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Bhanot believes that caste isn't actually an issue in the UK, and that the attempts to get it included in the act stem from animosity harbored by Dalits, the lowest Hindu caste, toward higher castes, due to the mistreatment of the former by the latter in India.
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The caste system places Brahmins at the top and Dalits, once known as "untouchables," at the bottom.
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The occupation has long been thrust upon the Dalit community, the lowest ranked in India's caste system.
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In Mr Modi's home state of Gujarat, an important caste leader abandoned Congress for the BJP fold.
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In my entire family tree, there has never been an inter-caste marriage or a love marriage.
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Strangers in strange lands, indentured labourers and their descendants preserved some traditions, from caste practices to recipes.
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Accounting for 14% of the population, they are generally excluded from caste-based "reservations" for government favours.
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The following day, violent clashes broke out between members of the lower caste and hardline Hindu groups.
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And Priya may never get married to a man from the same caste and community as her.
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For as long as I can remember, oatmeal cookies have belonged to a lower caste of cookie.
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Yet caste persists as a source of identity and as a locus for various ill-defined grievances.
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Can Andie and Blane's star-crossed love weather the storm of disrupting a high school caste system?
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The ban is being adopted by people from the Thakor caste in the entire state, he said.
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India's caste system: Outlawed but omnipresent The demonstrators are angry at what they see as reverse discrimination.
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It's not the first time that anger over the caste quota system has boiled over in India.
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You'd get a section of the audience who got extremely hyper when caste-based songs were played.
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Anti-African prejudice may be linked to India's stubborn, caste-related bias in favour of lighter skin.
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Traditionally, Hinduism has four main caste groups: Brahmins at the top, followed by Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, and Shudras.
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The caste system entrenches a sense of ownership and superiority in those further up the social ladder.
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The question becomes that ... should it be registered as a gender crime or a (lower) caste crime?
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At the same time, a new caste of oligarchs emerged, many with close personal ties to Putin.
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"Just as the Ganges flows freely, so, too, lovers of any caste, creed and sect," he said.
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He is well meaning, upright and blissfully unaware that there is no quick fix for caste discrimination.
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He has been mostly silent on sectarian violence, including the lynching of Muslims and lower-caste Hindus.
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Mr. Modi will be the first two-time prime minister ever to come from a lower caste.
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The Brahmins sit at the very top of the caste hierarchy and are longstanding gatekeepers of power.
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Guha's book charts the two men's interactions over decades, along with Gandhi's own changing views on caste.
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Ms. Lankesh negotiated with every group to ensure that the upper-caste leaders didn't appropriate the march.
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"Daughters of Destiny" follows five girls from India's lowest caste who are hoping to change their fates.
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Traditionally, Dalits have done jobs like leatherwork because the work is considered impure by upper-caste Hindus.
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Tribals were outsiders in India: they weren't even traditionally Hindus; they existed outside the caste system altogether.
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But they did push emotional buttons and increase turnout in areas with strong caste or religious divisions.
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Segregation is central to the ideology of white supremacy and the reproduction of America's racial caste system.
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But his promise to clean up the Ganges plays directly into India's charged religious and caste politics.
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While her death has sparked nationwide outrage, her village stands divided over it, largely over caste lines.
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" Evola's ideal order, Professor Drake wrote, was based on "hierarchy, caste, monarchy, race, myth, religion and ritual.
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But in many places, especially in poorer rural areas, caste infrastructure is still the one that counts.
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Apart from Muslims, the leather industry also employs lower-caste Hindus, mostly in menial jobs in tanneries.
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Mr. Das said several protesters were killed in clashes with another caste group whose property was being burned.
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Under Mr Modi all Indians, irrespective of their caste or creed, will be given the chance to progress.
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