"Barkskins" — the title refers to woodcutters — is a Baedeker of doom.
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In response to The Times, Baedeker said timing complicated the response.
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Baedeker said regulators had been considering a move to the lesser standard.
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With Pound as his Baedeker, Wright experienced the landscape through one man's idiosyncratic emphasis.
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But this novel is not simply a burnt offering, a Baedeker of dread and decay.
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Baedeker did not immediately respond to a phone call and email request for comment by Reuters.
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Without a formal complaint, Baedeker said state law prohibited him from discussing in detail the evidence of environmental contamination.
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Laura Rysman, the writer, provides a baedeker to the new alpine spa movement, part of the modern-day search for wellness.
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She also knocked out words such as Panglossian, Baedeker and sarsaparilla, spelling her way past the other 52 children at the competition.
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Rick Baedeker, the executive director of the California Horse Racing Board, acknowledged that it was a delicate case because of its timing.
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In a written response, Baedeker said that a handful of other horses may have been contaminated, but he offered little supporting evidence.
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In an interview, Baedeker, speaking on behalf of Dr. Arthur, said he believed Dr. Arthur meant that the investigation had to be thorough.
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The Baedeker says that the church in question was built around 1436, on the site of a ninth-century Romanesque church destroyed by fire.
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In 1942 Joseph Goebbels scrambled to present the Baedeker raids, in which Nazi planes attacked historic British towns, as legitimate retaliation rather than gratuitous vandalism.
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Framed as a sort of career Baedeker, it narrates his life in a series of brief chapters organized by his oft-changing places of residence.
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He still seems to think that his stress tests — essentially war gaming for big banks — will be a useful Baedeker during the next, inevitable financial crisis.
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Quammen offers a readable and largely reliable Baedeker to a fast-moving and complex field of science that is as tangled as the tree of his title.
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In the last year, Mr. Van Ostern's memos, distributed to a mailing list that has grown to 30,000 people, have become the quintessential Baedeker to New Hampshire presidential politics.
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Over the past three years, 51 countries have spent roughly $570 billion a year to support food production, said Tobias Baedeker, an agricultural economist at the World Bank, which contributed to the new study.
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The Times quoted California Horse Racing Board executive Rick Baedeker as saying that it would have been "careless and reckless" for regulators to have rushed to complete an investigative report before the Kentucky Derby.
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The store shifted its focus from contemporary travel publications toward mostly rare books and maps, including a wall devoted to Baedeker books, the small red travel guides considered to be the first of their kind.
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In "Burbank with a Baedeker: Bleistein with a Cigar," he conjured up the primal ooze from which he saw those creatures emerging: A lustreless protrusive eye Stares from the protozoic slime At a perspective of Canaletto.
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" The other near-perfect essay is "The Great Barrier Reef," delicious partly because it is such a Baedeker of bummers: a grim hotel, a shabby vessel, bovine fellow travelers, appalling food, seedy crew members, bad weather, "barfing Australian senior citizens.
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The best explanation of why our wedding pages make such a tempting target was provided by Robert Baedeker, one of the authors of "Weddings of The Times," a 2009 book parodying our reports, during an interview on National Public Radio.
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She opened a box containing a dozen or so small appointment books, from the twenties, thirties, forties, and fifties, and found a copy of an 1880 Baedeker guide to Italy, bound in soft red leather—one of the few props that Draper used.
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And unlike, say, trying to understand your problems through a clinical source like the D.S.M." — the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, the Baedeker of pathologies and a bucketing good read — "all of the categories tend to have some generally objectively positive traits.
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The other side: California Horse Racing Board executive director Rick Baedeker acknowledged to the NYT that Justify's case was delicate because of its timing, but he stressed that there were accidental environmental contamination concerns over the scopolamine, which is often used as a defense.
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"The wedding announcements in The Times are so perfect and polished, and the inspiration comes from that sort of primal feeling one gets when one sees a perfect picture, which is to scribble a mustache on it or draw some sunglasses on it," Mr. Baedeker said.
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While "Ulysses" was his passion — he originated a weekly five-minute podcast to deconstruct the book and wrote a personal Baedeker to Joyce's Dublin — he was also a literary impresario and interpreter who interviewed hundreds of fellow authors and was often solicited to judge book awards, including the Man Booker Prize.
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In a written statement, the board's executive director, Rick Baedeker, said that during its investigation, scientists retested samples from other horses at Santa Anita and found trace amounts of the drug in a handful of samples — not enough to prompt a positive result, but enough to allow the board to seriously consider that Justify and the other horses might have eaten some contaminated feed.
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The new company was named "Wagner and Debes" with offices adjacent to the new Baedeker address. Herbert Warren Wind, the author of The House of Baedeker wrote: Map of Switzerland, published in a 1913 Baedeker travel guide He added: Michael Wild, the Baedeker chronicler, refers to the Baedeker maps as a feast for the eye. The expansion was fast and furious. New editions were now printed by several Leipzig printers, but the bulk of the revised editions of pre-1872 guides continued to be printed where all Baedeker guides had been produced before—the G.D. Baedeker printing works in Essen.
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Karl Baedeker: Die Schweiz nebst den angrenzenden Teilen von Oberitalien, Savoyen und Tirol. Handbuch für Reisende. Baedeker, Leipzig 1911, p.
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The Freiburg Baedeker branch was acquired by the German publisher Langenscheidt following the death of Eva Baedeker. In 1987, both Baedeker branches, the Langenscheidt operation in Freiburg and the Baedeker Autoführer Verlag in Stuttgart operated by the Mairs publishing group, were merged and housed together in Ostfildern/Kemnat as "Karl Baedeker GmbH" with a branch in Munich. The ownership of the new venture was split down the middle between Langenscheidt and Mairs.
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In German only: Indien including Ceylon, Burma, Siam, parts of Malaya, Java (1st ed.), Karl Baedeker, Leipzig, 1914. In 2013, Michael Wild, the Baedeker historian (see Karl Baedeker), published his translation of the 1914 Indien edition into English.
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Baedeker's Paris, 1860 Baedeker Guides are travel guide books published by the Karl Baedeker firm of Germany beginning in the 1830s.
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Karl Baedeker (1879). The eastern Alps, including the Bavarian highlands, the Tyrol, Salzkammergut, Styria, and Carinthia, Baedeker, p. 328.Fodor (1992). Fodor's Austria, Fodor, pp.
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Dr. Friedrich Wilhelm Baedeker, cousin of Karl Baedeker, the famous travel guides editor, attended one of these meetings and experienced a religious conversion.D.R., "Dr. F. W. Baedeker," in Henry Pickering (compiler), Chief Men Among the Brethren (London: Pickering & Inglis Ltd., 2nd edition, reprinted 1968), pp.143-4.
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Geography of the German Democratic Republic, VEB Hermann Haack, Gotha, p. 77. .Baedeker (2010). Dresden, Ostfildern, Germany, Verlag Karl Baedeker, 2010, p. 249. .Saxon Switzerland at www.
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From the outset, Karl Baedeker recognised the importance of publishing his guides in English as well as in German. His son Ernst had worked in London before joining Verlag Baedeker in 1859, and was entrusted with the task of preparing the first Baedeker in English. The Rhine appeared in 1861.
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Karl Baedeker Tomb of Karl Baedeker (left) at the cemetery in Koblenz Karl Ludwig Johannes Baedeker ( , ; 3 November 1801 – 4 October 1859) was a German publisher whose company, Baedeker, set the standard for authoritative guidebooks for tourists. Karl Baedeker was descended from a long line of printers, booksellers and publishers. He was the eldest of ten children of Gottschalk Diederich Bädeker (1778–1841), who had inherited the publishing house founded by his own father, Zacharias Gerhard Bädeker (1750–1800). The company also published the local newspaper, the Essendische Zeitung, and the family expected that Karl, too, would eventually join the firm.
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Following the death of Florian, his mother, Karl Friedrich's widow Eva Baedeker, née Konitz (1913−1984), piloted the firm until she died in 1984. She was the last Baedeker to play an active role in running the Baedeker publishing house founded in 1827, and negotiated the sale of the Freiburg branch to Langenscheidt before she died. However, the "Karl Baedeker" brand name has been retained by all subsequent owners of the company, in one form or another.
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The Lunar Baedeker included her most famous work, "Love Songs", in a shortened version. It also included four poems included in Others in 1915, but their sexual explicitness had provoked a violent reaction, which made it difficult to publish the rest. Posthumously, two updated volumes of her poetry were released, The Last Lunar Baedeker (1985) and The Lost Lunar Baedeker (1997), both edited by Roger L. Conover. Songs to Joannes is in The Lost Lunar Baedeker.
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In 1828, Karl Baedeker (1801–59) published his first guidebook, Rheinreise von Mainz bis Cöln and in 1836 John Murray III’s (1808–92) first Handbook was released (Handbook for Travellers on the Continent). The first Baedeker in English, The Rhine (1861), was published jointly by Baedeker and Murray. These handbooks were to become the standard for English travellers for the remainder of the 19th Century. James Muirhead (1853–1934) began working for Baedeker in 1878, preparing a Handbook for Travellers to London.
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See also Baedeker Blitz for Baedeker Raids. Hans was extremely proud of what the Baedeker clan had achieved and not one to give up trying to revive the firm. He received a loan from Allen & Unwin, the London publishing house, which represented Baedeker in Britain, and continued to do whatever he could to rejuvenate the firm at home. On July 1, 1927, Hans celebrated the centenary of its foundation by holding a reception at the Leipzig "Harmonie", a popular venue for such events.
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Books and articles about the rise of the House of Baedeker invariably recount anecdotes about its founder and these are not without substance. He was renowned for his hard and careful work, his high standards, both personal and professional, and for being absolutely incorruptible. Baedeker generally went around conducting his research incognito. In an article entitled The Baedeker Guide Books published in the November 1989 issue (68) of the now defunct Book and Magazine Collector, Michael Wild, the Baedeker historian and author of Baedekeriana: An Anthology wrote: On September 22, 1975, The New Yorker magazine ran a 38-page profile of the "House of Baedeker".
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In 1951, Karl Friedrich and Oskar Steinheil, a pre-war Baedeker editor, signed an agreement with Shell AG, the subsidiary of Royal Dutch Shell, and Kurt Mair (1902–1957), the German printer and publisher based in Stuttgart, to produce a series of motoring guides. Baedeker would provide the text and Mair the finished product. The Baedeker Autoführer Verlag, Stuttgart was born. The slim guides called Baedeker-Shell guides were designed to fit into a man's jacket pocket or in the glove compartment of a car.
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These new Baedeker guides were the first such guidebooks to incorporate infographics.
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Biyaadhoo or Biyadhoo is a circular ten-acre(in German) Gstaltmayr, Heiner F. and Hšhne Wieland (2014). Baedeker Reisefÿhrer Malediven. Baedeker. Page 183. . resort-island in South Malé Atoll in the administrative division Kaafu Atoll of the Maldives.
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Basel, the Swiss city which was first covered in a Baedeker guidebook by Karl Baedeker himself in his most celebrated guidebook "Schweiz", first published in 1844, was the title of Florian's own guide, published in 1978. It is considered by many to be one of his best city guides. Florian Baedeker. a keen parachute jumper, was killed in a parachuting accident on October 26, 1980.
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In the meantime, his brother had been editing the new Baedeker London guide. The Baedekers acknowledged the commitment of the Muirheads and Piehler to their firm and the contribution they had made to the success of Verlag Karl Baedeker.
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The high-road intersects a portion of this fortification.Karl Baedeker. Switzerland: With the Neighboring Lakes of Northern Italy, Savoy, and the Adjacent Districts of Piedmont, Lombardy and the Tyrol, Handbook for Travellers, Karl Baedeker (Firm), 1863. p. 251Collonges Fort L'Ecluse .
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A paper on the life and work of Baedeker was published in the proceedings of the meeting.Marius Grundman, "Karl Baedeker (1877-1914) and the discovery of transparent conductive materials", Physica Status Solidi A 212(7), 1409-1426 (2015), doi: 10.1002/pssa.201431921.
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The Little KyllK. Baedeker (1870), The Rhine and Northern Germany: Handbook for Travellers, Coblenz: Baedeker, p. 116Charles B. MacDonald, United States Army in WWII - Europe - The Siegfried Line Campaign, p. xxx , pronounced: "kill") is a orographically right-hand tributary of the Lieser.
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The name is given here as "Dr. Frederick W. Baedeker" (d. Oct. 9, 1906, age 83).
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Along with his graduate student Karl Steinberg, Baedeker studied the effect of varying concentration of iodine on the electrical properties of copper iodide. He also is credited with making the first transparent conducting oxide (TCO) thin film, cadmium oxide (CdO), in 1907.K. Baedeker, Annalen der Physik (Leipzig) 327 (1907) 749. TCOs are now ubiquitous in optoelectronics and a multibillion-dollar industry. Baedeker was killed in action in August 1914 during World War I at the Battle of Liège .
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Karl changed the spelling of the family name from Bädeker with the umlaut to Baedeker around 1850.
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1869−1925: Under Fritz Baedeker (1844−1925) the company grew rapidly. In 1870, the Baedeker bookselling business was sold. In 1872, he moved the company's headquarters from Koblenz to Leipzig, a major move forward, as most of the reputable major German publishing houses were located there. He also persuaded Eduard Wagner, the Baedeker cartographer in Darmstadt, to move to Leipzig and establish a new company with Ernst Debes, a talented cartographer from "Justus Perthes" a leading cartography firm in Gotha.
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Austria-Hungary including Dalmatia, Bosnia, Bucharest, Belgrade, and Montenegro (10th ed. 1905) and (11th ed. 1911), Karl Baedeker, Leipzig.
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Baedeker was asked to publish a guidebook for the German Army of Occupation in Poland, with history written as the Nazis wished it to be written, as the introduction to the 1943 book Das Generalgouvernement reveals. The 1948 Leipzig was the first post-World War II Baedeker and the last one to be published in Leipzig, which was now in the Russian zone. The Russians had not granted Baedeker a publishing licence. Hans got round this by having 10,000 copies printed by the Bibliographisches Institut.
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Muirhead also translated poetry and wrote for the Encyclopædia Britannica. Muirhead's association with Baedeker, a company long established and based in Germany, ended with the outbreak of the First World War. He thereafter assisted his brother Findlay in the development of the Blue Guides. Both brothers had been longtime associates of Baedeker.
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Less prominent ridges run south and northwestwards from the Ruderhofspitze. The peak was first ascended on 30 August 1864 by Karl Baedeker (the son of Karl Baedeker), Anton von Ruthner and mountain guides Pankraz Gleinser and Alois Tanzer.Anton von Ruthner: Aus Tirol. Berg- und Gletscher- Reisen in den österreichischen Hochalpen, Vienna, 1869, pp.
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Its author, Herbert Warren Wind, had spent a considerable amount of time at the contemporary Baedeker publishers in Germany, researching the history of the firm. He gave the following account, related by Gisbert von Vincke, a German Shakespearen scholar, of the famous Milan Cathedral story, which has acquired a legendary status of its own, because of its manifold variations: On descending from the roof, Baedeker reversed the pea-transferring process, thus ensuring that there was no error in his calculations. The number of peas multiplied by 20 plus any steps remaining had given him the correct count. (The year of this incident is usually given as 1847, so 1844 is probably a misprint in the magazine.) A few years after Karl Baedeker died, the Pall Mall Gazette described a Baedeker guidebook as being singularly accurate, and in the English version of Jacques Offenbach's musical La Vie parisienne this memorable lyric rings out: Kings and governments may err / But never Mr. Baedeker.
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Ireland appeared only in the German editions of Great Britain viz. Grossbritannien (4th and last ed.), Karl Baedeker, Leipzig, 1906.
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Sayer, p. 78. In July 1942, the Luftwaffe transferred its attention from 'Baedeker Blitz' targets to industrial cities in Northern England.
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Frederick Seitz and Norman G. Einspruch,Electronic Genie: The tangled history of silicon University of Illinois Press, Urbana and Chicago, USA, 1998. pp. 52-53 His son, Karl Friedrich Baedeker revived the Baedeker publishing house after the Second World War. In 2014, a conference on transparent conducting oxides was held in Leipzig to commemorate the centenary of Baedeker's death.
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The foundations of Juist's church were undermined by the floodwaters, causing the church to collapse in 1662.Baedeker Allianz Reiseführer: Deutsche Nordseeküste. Karl Baedeker Verlag, Ostfildern 2007, (German) The coastal towns of Dornumersiel, Accumersiel, and Altensiel were devastated by the storm tide. The floodwaters reached the church mound (terp) of Fulkum; many corpses were buried on the mound.
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Sullivan, Joseph F. "Metropolitan Baedeker: Around Red Bank and the Navesink". The New York Times. October 15, 1976. Accessed July 10, 2012.
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Austria: society and regions, Austrian Academy of Sciences, p. 173. . or Loferer MountainsArnold, Rosemarie (2009). Austria, Baedeker, p. 425. Heuss, Theodor (1955).
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Ernst Baedeker died unexpectedly on 23 July 1861 of sunstroke in Egypt and his younger brother, Karl, assumed charge of the publishing house.
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From 1903, Avenarius spent the summer months on Sylt, which he made popular.Eva Missler, Matthias Wieland. Sylt, Amrum, Föhr. Ausgabe 4, Baedeker. 2005.
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It was his son Karl Friedrich who revived Verlag Karl Baedeker after the Second World War. During his reign, which lasted over 50 years, Fritz produced 73 new Baedekers, as they came to be known universally. The Baedeker travel guides became so popular that baedekering became an English-language term for the purpose of traveling in a country to write a travel guide or travelogue about it. Fritz Baedeker became the most successful travel guide publisher of all time and turned the publishing house into the most famous and reputable publisher of travel guides in the world.
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A map from a 1906 Baedeker travel guide designates the area as "Tell Habesh or Reshîdîyeh". It shows a mill and a Khan (a Caravanserai).
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Thus, it was also known as Khataba-Wadi Natrun R(ailwa)y. According to the Baedeker of 1914, there passenger transport was provided on the line.
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Die Rheinlande von der Schweizer bis zur holländischen grenze: Schwarzwald bis zur Holländischen Grenze., 11th Revised Edition, Verlag von Karl Baedeker, Coblenz, p. 272Degener, August Ludwig (1908).
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His was the golden age of Baedeker travel guides. Fritz also had the good fortune to have three of his four sons − Hans, Ernst and Dietrich − beside him in the firm, as editors and writers. Karl Baedeker III, the fourth son, entered academia and rose to become a professor of physics at the University of Jena. He was killed in action at the Battle of Liège in August 1914.
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The Tennen MountainsKäß, Werner and Behrens, Horst (1992). Tracing Technique in Geohydrology, Gebrüder Borntraeger Verlagsbuchhandlung, Berlin/Stuttgart, p. 404. .Arnold, Rosemarie and Taylor, Robert (2012). Austria, Baedeker, p. 571. .
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He was born in Bergamo.Atti della Esposizione bergamasca 1870, page 208. He painted in nave of Santa Maria Maggiore in Bergamo.Italy, Volume 1, by Karl Baedeker (Firm), page 211.
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1948−1979: Karl Friedrich Baedeker (1910−1979) was the son of Karl Baedeker III, who was killed in action at the Battle of Liège in 1914. He had worked as an editor at the firm before the outbreak of the Second World War. During the war, he saw active service and rose to the rank of Captain. Towards the closing stages of the war, he was taken prisoner in Austria by the Americans.
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In his 1893 guidebook, Karl Baedeker described Baton Rouge as "the Capital of Louisiana, a quaint old place with 10,378 inhabitants, on a bluff above the Mississippi".Baedeker, Karl, ed. The United States with an Excursion into Mexico: A Handbook for Travelers, 1893: p. 321 (Reprint by Da Capo Press, New York, 1971) In the 1950s and 1960s, the petrochemical industry had a boom in Baton Rouge, stimulating the city's expansion beyond its original center.
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Karl Wilhelm Sali Baedeker (3 February 1877 - 6 August 1914) was a German physicist, and a professor at the University of Jena. He was the grandson of Karl Baedeker, the founder of the eponymous travel guide publishing house, and the son of Fritz Baedeker (1844 - 1925), who ran the same company from 1869 until his death in 1925. One of his scientific discoveries was that the resistivity of cuprous iodide (CuI) depended on its stoichiometry. Thin films of the material became much more conductive when exposed to iodine vapor; the effect was reversible. This was the first example of doping a semiconductor to change its propertiesJed Z. Buchwald, Andrew Warwick (ed) Histories of the Electron: The Birth of Microphysics MIT Press, 2004 pp.
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Construction began on Batalha Monastery in 1386. The east wall of the chapel had an altar dedicated to the Guardian Angel of Portugal.Karl Baedeker. Spain and Portugal: Handbook for Travellers, 1898, p.
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No English Baedekers published. The first post-World War II old-style Baedekers in English were published in the 1950s by Karl Baedeker Verlag, Hamburg, after the firm was revived in 1948.
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In 1911 it was described as a hotel. For many years the Great Bed of Ware was on display.Karl Baedeker (Firm), London and its Environs; handbook for travellers (1911), p. 417; archive.org.
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The store was almost completely burnt down in the Baedeker Blitz (or Baedeker Raids) on 27 and 28 April 1942. The current owner, Ernest Bond, was in business again within three days of the bombing, selling what he could salvage from his damaged stock. He took possession of a fleet of damaged and disused buses using them as shops. They were put in the store's car park where they also set up a makeshift restaurant in an old corrugated iron building.
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From the beginning, Baedeker realised the importance of including quality, reliable maps in his travel guides, which were black-and-white initially. To this end, he engaged the services of Eduard Wagner of Darmstadt, a specialist in cartography, and the maps he produced for Baedeker were way ahead of the times. An accurate cartography of Tripoli and El-Mina in 1906 under the Ottoman Empire can be found in french in the book edited by Leipzig and entitled Palestine et Syrie.
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1925−1943: Hans Baedeker (1874−1959), the eldest son of Fritz Baedeker, took charge of the company in difficult times. His two brothers, Ernst and Dietrich, were with him, running the company. The firm had lost heavily by investing in government bonds during the First World War. The war had not only wreaked havoc on tourism, it had also resulted in anti-German sentiments around the world, particularly in America and France, where the guidebooks had been very popular and from where tourists had come in droves.
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The Scottish brothers James Francis Muirhead (1853−1934) and Findlay Muirhead (1860−1935) played a significant role in popularising the English guidebooks worldwide. James, the elder brother, had been taken on as editor of the English editions by Fritz Baedeker in 1879, at age 25; Findlay joined him later as joint editor. They were responsible for all the Baedeker editions in English for almost forty years. James Findlay is given the credit for two-thirds of the content in the Canada guidebook, first published in 1894.
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The proposal for a memorial plaque was proposed to Wolfgang ages ago by a retired singer and Bayreuth antiquarian bookseller, Peer Baedeker. And therein lies a revealing story. When the centenary festival opened in 1976 with a wreath-laying ceremony at Wagner's grave, Baedeker placed his own wreath with a ribbon attached, with the words: 'In memory of Richard Breitenfeld, Henriette Gottlieb, Ottilie Metzger-Lattermann – Honoured as festival singers – Murdered in Nazi concentration camps.' Within 24 hours of the ceremony, the ribbon had vanished.
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He was awarded a bar to his DFC on 19 September, by which time he was an acting wing commander. The winter 1941–42 passed by with relative inactivity. In the spring 1942, Arthur Harris began his campaign over Germany in earnest with an attack by RAF Bomber Command upon Lübeck. Adolf Hitler, enraged by the attack, ordered the Luftwaffe to begin retaliatory strikes which began the so-called Baedeker Blitz. On 4 April Cunningham engaged and damaged a Baedeker raider He 111 pathfinder operating over Exeter.
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Consider Your Grandmother's Stays, a 1916 drawing by Mina Loy Loy is described as a "brilliant literary enigma" by Rachel Potter and Suzanne Hobson who outline a chronological map of her geographical and literary shifts. Loy's poetry was published in several magazines before being published in book form. The magazines that she was featured in include Camera Work, Trend, Rogue, Little Review, and Dial. Loy had two volumes of her poetry published in her lifetime: The Lunar Baedeker (1923) and The Lunar Baedeker & Time-tables (1958).
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149 Similar is the Italian granita al caffè.K. Baedeker, Italy: Handbook for Travellers 3 (1880) p. 23 Coffee brewed then chilled with ice, called "iced coffee", appears in menus and recipes in the late 19th century.
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Excerpts available at Google Books.Leopoldina Plut-Pregelj, Carole Rogel, The A to Z of Slovenia (Rowman & Littlefield, 2010), , p. 314. Excerpts available at Google Books.Dieter Schulze, Slowenien (Baedeker, 2011), , p. 65. Excerpts available at Google Books.
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1859−1861: Following the death of Karl Baedeker, his eldest son Ernst Baedeker (1833−1861) became the head of the firm. After his training as a bookseller in Braunschweig, Leipzig and Stuttgart, he had spent some time at the English publishing house "Williams & Norgate" in London. On New Year's Day, 1859, he had joined his father's publishing firm as a partner and just ten months later he was running it on his own. His tenure at the helm of the firm saw the publication of three new travel guides in 1861 viz the first Baedeker travel guide in English, the handbook on "The Rhine" (from Switzerland to Holland), a guide in German on Italy (Ober-Italien), the first of a series on Italy, which his father had planned and one in French, also on Italy (Italie septentrionale).
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Baedeker's Great Britain guide for 1937 is typical of most of the different country guides produced Verlag Karl Baedeker, founded by Karl Baedeker on July 1, 1827, is a German publisher and pioneer in the business of worldwide travel guides. The guides, often referred to simply as "Baedekers" (a term sometimes used to refer to similar works from other publishers, or travel guides in general), contain, among other things, maps and introductions; information about routes and travel facilities; and descriptions of noteworthy buildings, sights, attractions and museums, written by specialists.
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Baedeker's ultimate aim was to free the traveller from having to look for information anywhere outside the travel guide: about routes, transport, accommodation, restaurants, tipping, sights, walks and prices. While the travel guide was not something new (Baedeker emulated the style of English guide books published by John Murray), the inclusion of detailed information on routes, travel and accommodation was an innovation. Karl Baedeker had three sons, Ernst, Karl and Fritz and after his death each, in turn, dictated by events, took over the running of the firm.
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Florian Baedeker (1943−1980), the only son of Karl Friedrich Baedeker, succeeded him when he died in 1979. After completing his studies in Munich in 1971, he had devoted himself to matters relating to book publishing under the guidance of his father, and had helped him with the preparation of the Munich guide, released for the 1972 Munich Olympic Games. Florian also carried out most of the work involved in preparing the city guides titled Baden-Baden, Constance, Strasbourg and Wiesbaden, published in the mid-1970s. He also produced several short city guides.
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Since 1979 Baedeker travel guides have appeared as Baedeker Allianz Reiseführer (travel guides), published in collaboration with the German insurance group Allianz. Multi-coloured with copious illustrations and in many languages, they now cover most of the popular tourist destinations in the world. Over 150 guides have been published already and the list keeps growing, as well as the number of languages in which they are published. In Britain, the guides have been published in collaboration with the British Automobile Association (The AA) and in the USA by Macmillan Travel, a Simon & Schuster Macmillan company.
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Baedeker's ultimate aim was to free the traveller from having to look for information anywhere outside the travel guide: about routes, transport, accommodation, restaurants, tipping, sights, walks and, of course, prices. In short, the lot. While the travel guide was not something new (Baedeker emulated the style of English guide books published by John Murray), the inclusion of detailed information on routes, travel and accommodation was an innovation. Baedeker was always generous in acknowledging the part John Murray III had played in nurturing his outlook on the future development of his guides.
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As a bookseller in Koblenz, he had often seen tourists enter his bookshop, either carrying a red Murray guide or looking for one. At the time, John Murray III was the leader in the field, but Baedeker was about to change that. He is often referred to as the 'father of modern tourism'. In 1846, Baedeker introduced his famous 'star' ratings (for sights, attractions and lodgings) in the third edition of his Handbuch für Reisende durch Deutschland und den Oesterreichischen Kaiserstaat - an idea based on the Murray guides star system.
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In its day the Harper's Hand-Book competed with popular guides such as Baedeker, Bradshaw's, and Murray's. In 1867 critic William Dean Howells found Harper's Hand-Book "chatty and sociable." Readers included Lucy Baird, daughter of Spencer F. Baird.
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Karl Baedeker described it as a small village that appeared quite old with a Muslim population. By the late 19th century, Meron was a small village of 50 people who cultivated olives.Laurence Oliphant, Haifa, or Life in Modern Palestine.
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Southern France: From the Loire to the Spanish and Italian frontiers, including Corsica. Handbook for Travellers. Leipzig: K. Baedeker, 1891. (pg. 439) and continued to live there with his family for over ten years until his death on November 23, 1894.
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Baedeker stated that the town founded by pilgrims visiting the tomb of Sidi Okba who died in a nearby town called Thouda. The Sidi Okba Mosque, which was built around Okba's tomb, is the oldest Islamic monument in the country.
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Crichton was Lord Mayor of York from 1941 to 1942, the first woman to hold that position. As lord mayor, she led the city through the Baedeker raids. She spent her time visiting hospitals and many of the bombed houses.
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In 1909, Leipzig University conferred an honorary Ph.D. (a rare honour at the time) on him at its 500th anniversary convocation. This era in its history was brought to an end by the outbreak of World War I, after which the house of Baedeker went into decline, the victim of the post-war international geopolitical and economic conditions. Consequently, in 1920, Fritz broke with tradition and for some time thereafter, Baedeker guides to German cities and regions carried a limited amount of advertising. Fritz Baedeker's released 39 guidebooks in German from 1872 to 1925, and 21 in English from 1872 to 1914.
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The following day, Lucy spends a "long morning" in the Basilica of Santa Croce, accompanied by Miss Eleanor Lavish, a novelist who promises to lead her on an adventure. Lavish confiscates Lucy's Baedeker guidebook, proclaiming she will show Lucy the "true Italy". On the way to Santa Croce, the two take a wrong turn and get lost. After drifting for hours through various streets and piazzas, they eventually make it to the square in front of the church, only for Lavish (who still has Lucy's Baedeker) to abandon the younger woman to pursue an old acquaintance.
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Norwich suffered heavily from bombing during the Baedeker Blitz during April 1942, fortunately many of the large Victorian houses remained, albeit several bombs wiping out whole rows of terraces around the area. Notable examples include 185 Unthank Road onwards, and 180 Earlham Road onwards.
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The sound is taken from the 1972 BBC documentary short, Reyner Banham Loves Los Angeles, in the segments signaling the narrative of the "Baede-Kar," the British architectural historian's conceit in the film of his L.A. car acting as a Baedeker German travel guide.
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Quoted in Khalidi, 1992, p.136 Karl Baedeker and his travelling companions writing in 1894 are more specific, noting that the village is located in an olive grove and that tobacco and sesame are the principal crops grown there.Baedeker et al., 1894, p. 154.
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The 10th Anti-Aircraft Division (10th AA Division) was an air defence formation of the British Army during the early years of the World War II. It defended Yorkshire and Humberside during The Blitz and the Baedeker Blitz but only had a short career.
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The designers of the listening receivers had overlooked the fact that supersonic reception involves a wider bandwidth than normal in the high frequency circuits of the receivers. Once this was corrected, 80 Wing was able to jam the beam and reduce the 50 per cent success rate (bombs on target) of the early Baedeker raids to 13 per cent and the campaign petered out. R.V. Jones estimated that the delay in allowing 80 Wing to begin jamming cost about 400 lives and another 600 serious injuries, while Anti-Aircraft Command was forced to redeploy hundreds of guns to cover potential Baedeker targets.Jones, pp. 323–6.
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Part of the outer circle at Avebury on The Ridgeway From the 19th century onwards, old ridgeways which had not been converted into highways were often revived by hiking clubs or tourism authorities, marked out as scenic trails for walking, horse-riding or mountain biking far from the disturbances of motor traffic. An 1890 Baedeker guide recommended walks on The Ridgeway,Great Britain: Handbook for Travellers, Leipzig, Karl Baedeker, 1890. and efforts to give that ridgeway legislative recognition began in 1947.Quinlan. Some completely new recreational ridgeways have been devised where there was no tradition of the route being used for trade in previous centuries.
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An Anderson shelter standing intact amid a scene of debris in Norwich Norwich suffered extensive bomb damage during the Second World War, affecting large parts of the old city centre and Victorian terrace housing around the centre. Industry and rail infrastructure also suffered. The heaviest raids occurred on the nights of 27/28 and 29/30 April 1942; as part of the Baedeker raids; attacks on Bath, Canterbury, Norwich, Exeter, and York using Baedeker's series of tourist guides to the British Isles. Norwich became one of the targets of the so-called "Baedeker Blitz", which took place in retaliation for the bombing of Lübeck by the RAF earlier that year.
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The family owned the palace till the 20th century.Italy: Southern Italy and Sicily, By Karl Baedeker (Firm), page 212. The interior is decorated in Baroque style with tiles and frescoes. The main room has vault frescoes depicting symbols of the Zodiac, and the walls have stone statuary.
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The Blitz is held to have ended in mid-May 1941, but periodic raids continued against the industrial towns of Northern England. On 28 April 1942 the Luftwaffe carried out one of its so-called Baedeker raids very accurately on York.Pile's despatch.Collier, Chapter XX.Collier, Appendix XXXVII.
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A photo of the Baedeker Blitz civilian memorial in Earlham Road Cemetery, Norwich Repair work begun from 1950 onwards, and the total cost of the work occasioned by all raids during April 1942 and since was approximately £1,060,000 of which £280,000 was for materials and haulage.
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With the rise of air travel in the 1960s and 1970s, Baedeker entered a new era. In 1974, the first post-war international guidebook appeared, financed largely by the German airline Lufthansa—the voluminous 872-page Baedekers USA in German, which had the look of traditional pre-war Baedekers.
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This changed in 1942 when Exeter became the first target of the so-called "Baedeker Blitz", a campaign to attack targets of cultural and historical, rather than military or strategic, value. The raids took place in retaliation for the bombing of Lübeck by the RAF earlier that year.
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II./KG 54 briefly returned to British skies in 1942 for the Baedeker Raids. Between 29 July and 14 August 1942 it lost 6 bombers on missions against Bedford (targeting a car plant), Birmingham, Norwich, Southend, Hastings and Luton. It returned to the Eastern Front on 17 August 1942.
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Oliphant, 1886, p.75. Karl Baedeker described it as a small village that appeared quite old with a Muslim population. In 1881 the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine (SWP) described Meiron as a small village of 50 people, all Muslims, who cultivated olives.Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, pp.
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Khan As'ad Pasha () is the largest Caravanserai in the Old City of Damascus,Baedeker, 1906, p.307. covering an area of . Situated along Al- Buzuriyah Souq, it was built and named after As'ad Pasha al-Azm, the governor of Damascus, in 1751-52.As'ad Pasha Khan Archnet Digital Library.
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Leipzig: Baedeker / New York, Scribner, 1907, , p. 414. The Société des touristes du Dauphiné maintains a travellers' refuge on the crest, reached in four and a half hours from Alpe de Villar d'Arène.Kev Reynolds, Ecrins National Park (French Alps): A Walking Guide, 2nd ed. Minthorpe: Cicerone, 2008, , p. 40.
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Unfortunately, the designers of the listening receivers had overlooked the fact that supersonic reception involves a wider bandwidth than normal in the high frequency circuits of the receivers. Once this was corrected, 80 Wing was able to jam the beam so successfully that the 50 per cent success rate (bombs on target) of the early Baedeker raids dropped to 13 per cent and the campaign petered out. The Air Staff's scientific intelligence adviser, Dr R.V. Jones, estimated that the delay in allowing 80 Wing to begin jamming cost about 400 lives and another 600 serious injuries, while Anti-Aircraft Command was forced to redeploy hundreds of guns to cover potential Baedeker targets.Jones, pp. 323–6.Routledge, pp. 402–3.
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The firm did make some progress and he managed to produce twelve new titles in German and five in English, though these included those commissioned by the Nazi regime. He also published the 1928 one-volume eighth and revised German edition of Egypt and in 1929 its eighth English edition, which many travel guidebooks connoisseurs and collectors consider to be the two finest Baedeker travel guides ever published. Hans Baedeker's released 10 guidebooks in German between 1928 and 1942. Several were commissioned by the Nazis, who had been vetting Baedeker guides, proposing and effecting changes in the text, as they saw fit, and laying down to whom certain guides could be sold.
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Even before the outbreak of war, Hans used to tell him: Some American, British and German publishers had tried hard to buy the 'Baedeker' name, which was still a world brand, thinking that Karl Friedrich would be only too pleased to sell. However, as he said to Herbert Warren Wind: In December 1949, he published his first offering—10,000 copies of Schleswig-Holstein. This was printed in Glückstadt near Hamburg and contained some advertising to balance the books, as did some of his other contemporaneous titles. Allen & Unwin, the London publisher, once again helped the Baedeker firm with another loan and he published more city and regional guides in the years that followed.
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Hermann Augustine Piehler (1888−1987)—better known as H.A. Piehler in the publishing world—was an Englishman of German descent who became the chief editor of the English editions after the Muirheads left. During his student days, Karl Friedrich Baedeker had spent a year in England and had lived with Piehler at his London residence. In 1948, when Karl Friedrich decided to re-establish the Baedeker firm in Malente (British zone, in Germany), his publishing licence was endorsed by Piehler, who was then a colonel in British Intelligence and the head of the 'books and publications' division in the district. Upon his return to England, Piehler continued editing the English guides well into his eighties.
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Sperrle's bombers had suffered a 5.3 percent loss rate in 716 missions. 38 bombers were lost. Bombing operations continued upon the cessation of Baedeker against Birmingham in July and Cantebury. Luftflotte 3 flew 2,400 night bomber sorties against Britain in 1942 and lost 244 aircraft; a loss rate of 10.16 percent.
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The state of Hesse acquired the ruin in 1815 and sold it to Hermann Faber, a lawyer. It was later owned by a Berliner called Rosenthal,Die Rheinlande von der Schweizer bis zur holländischen Grenze: Handbuch für Reisende, 27th ed. Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1895, p. 248 who renovated the well.
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The 11th Anti-Aircraft Division (11th AA Division) was an air defence formation of the British Army during the early years of the Second World War. It defended the West MIdlands during The Blitz, including the notorious raid on Coventry, and the subsequent Baedeker Blitz, but only had a short career.
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James Fullarton Muirhead (1853-1934) was a Scottish editor and writer of travel guides, associated with the Baedeker publishing house for many years, prior to starting his own publishing house.Bessie Louise Pierce, As Others See Chicago: Impressions of Visitors 1673-1933, University of Chicago Press, 1933, p. 351. Retrieved 2016-09-30.
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Baedeker, Italy: handbook for travellers Part II, 11th ed. 1893, p. 110; G. Wilpert, I Sarcophagi Cristiani antichi (1929-36), plates 71-73; Marco Ioli, Il sarcofago paleocristiano di Catervio nel Duomo di Tolentino, 1971, p. 40. The cathedral seems to have been built on the site of the saint's Roman mausoleum.
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During the Edo period, the area of present-day Tendō was part of Tendō Domain, a 20,000 koku feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate controlled by the Oda clan, who ruled from 1831–1871.Baedeker. (2012). Japan, p. 561; Hotta, Anne and Yoko Ishiguro. (1986). A guide to Japanese hot springs, p. 192.
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The first Baedeker travel guide in English appeared in 1861 after Karl Baedeker's death. However, in 1836 he published The Traveller's Manual of Conversations in English, German, French and Italian. The 352-page book also contained many useful Dutch expressions and vocabulary. The manual was founded on the works of Boldoni, Mad.
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Where Angels Fear to Tread and A Room with a View can be seen collectively as Forster's Italian novels. Both include references to the famous Baedeker guidebooks and concern narrow-minded middle- class English tourists abroad. The books share many themes with his short stories collected in The Celestial Omnibus and The Eternal Moment.
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Marlowe was christened at St George's Church, Canterbury. The tower, shown here, is all that survived destruction during the Baedeker air raids of 1942. Christopher Marlowe was born to Canterbury shoemaker John Marlowe and his wife Katherine, daughter of William Arthur of Dover. He was baptised on 26 February 1564 at St. George's Church, Canterbury.
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Black's Guide to Yorkshire, 1862 Black's Guides were travel guide books published by the Adam and Charles Black firm of Edinburgh (later London) beginning in 1839. The series' style tended towards the "colloquial, with fewer cultural pretensions" than its leading competitor Baedeker Guides. Contributors included David T. Ansted, Charles Bertram Black, and A.R. Hope Moncrieff.
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Félix-Joseph Barrias was commissioned to paint the frescoes. The Grand Hôtel du Louvre opened in 1855 in time for the Exposition Universelle. An 1872 Baedeker guide described the Grand Hôtel du Louvre as "a huge, palatial edifice, the construction of which cost upwards of 50,000 l." It was the largest hotel in Europe.
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Joint Publications. Karl Baedeker wrote guidebooks to different cities and regions of Central Europe, indicating places to stay, sites to visit, and giving a short history of castles, battlefields, famous buildings, and famous people. His guides also included distances, roads to avoid, and hiking paths to follow. Hans Lulfing, Baedecker, Karl, Neue Deutsche Biographie (NDB).
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Raids of ever-increasing size followed over the next week, in what became known in the UK as the Baedeker Blitz. This first series of raids ended in early May. When Cologne was greatly damaged during the first 1,000-bomber raid, the Luftwaffe returned for another week of raids between 31 May to 6 June.
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Church of San Francesco Central apseSan Francesco is a gothic-style, former Roman Catholic church located in Montefalco, Province of Perugia, region of Umbria, Italy. The church and adjacent Franciscan convent now functions as the civic art museum. The portal of the church dates to 1585.Italy; Handbook for Travellers; 1904; by Karl Baedeker (Firm), page 77.
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Princesshay is a shopping precinct in the city of Exeter, Devon, England. It was built in the early 1950s to replace buildings that had been severely damaged in the World War II Baedeker Blitz. From 2005 the precinct and some surrounding buildings were demolished and rebuilt as a new shopping centre that opened in September 2007.
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York suffered a major attack on 29 April 1942, one of the Baedeker raids by the Luftwaffe. Many of the casualties, who would later go on to die, were treated at York County Hospital. In 1977 the hospital facilities moved to York Hospital which had six hundred beds; the ante-natal clinic remained on-site until 1980.
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Batyrev studied mathematics from 1978 to 1985 at Moscow State University. From 1991 he was at the University of Essen, where he earned his habilitation in 1993. Since 1996 he has been a professor at the University of Tübingen.homepage of Victor Batyrev at the University of Tübingen He received in 1994 the Gottschalk- Diederich-Baedeker Prize.
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Until May 1945 Jannowitz was in Germany, the far- western part of Silesia, and a summer resort in the foothills of the Silesian or Great Mountains. From here is a direct route south to Bolczów Castle (, elevation ), the imposing ruins of an old castle destroyed by the Swedes in 1643.Baedeker, Karl, Northern Germany, Leipzig, 1904, pp. 196, 201.
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El Kantara () is a town and commune in Biskra Province, Algeria. The 1911 Baedeker travel guide described it as "one of the most important caravan- stations in E. Algeria." The town is well known for the eponymous gorge nearby, described by locals as the "Mouth of the Desert". The area was named El Kantara by Arab conquerors.
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Shinryu, the northern part of the town is linked to Honcho, the southern part, by a bridge offering a scenic view of the lagoon which separates both parts. The length of the bridge is 456 m.Karl Baedeker Guide: Japan, p. 258. Ostfildern-Kemnat 1999 Kokutai-ji is a Buddhist temple in Honcho which was founded in 1802.
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Sidi Okba () is a commune in the Biskra Province, Algeria. It was named after the Muslim General Uqba ibn Nafi who died there in 683 AD. The nearest big city is Biskra which is located 18 km away. Sidi Okba sits on an oasis. In 1911 it was described by Baedeker as "the religious center of the Zab".
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By the late 1880s, there would have been competition for Anglo-Saxon travelers from other Sorrentine seaside hotels Bristol, d'Angleterre (Villa Nardi), and Vittoria.Italy, Handbook for Travellers: Southern Italy and Sicily, by Karl Baedeker (Firm) 1887, page 156. The hotel website history asserts that numerous 19th-century authors, in addition to royalty, have been guests at the hotel.Official website.
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Historically, Skikda is known for its seaport. It was described, in 1911, by Baedeker as having "the youngest Algerian seaport." On 19 January 2004, a fire and explosion at the Skikda LNG facility killed 29 people and caused $940,000,000 worth of damage. The accident incapacitated three LNG trains and impacted approximately 2% of the world's liquefaction capacity.
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Once a sufficient number of the atoms which constituted the molecule were annihilated by the antimatter, the molecule could not remain stable, and thus degenerated into a selection of less complex compounds and elements, effectively causing the hull to vanish in an instant. Fortunately, the vessel's pilot was sufficiently cautious to be wearing a vacuum suit at the time, and survived, as did the owner of the ship. In Fleet of Worlds, the characters tour a General Product factory and ask innocent-seeming questions of their tour guide, Baedeker. Baedeker reveals (apparently unintentionally) that the manufacturing process is extremely sensitive to gravity and impurities, that the hulls are constructed from a single super-molecule using nanotech, and their strength is reinforced by an embedded power plant that reinforces the inter-atomic bonds.
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Cull & Symons 2003, pp. 133–140. In 1942 the Baedeker Raids were in operation against British cities in retaliation for RAF Bomber Commands attacks on Germany. The Luftwaffe was stepping up its campaign although it was fully engaged on the Eastern Front. On 18 April Do 217s raided Portsmouth in retaliation for an attack on Lübeck on 28/29 March.
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The first ones covered Germany and were a huge success. Guides on other European countries followed in both German and English. Karl Friedrich was now operating on two fronts. He continued to produce city and regional guides from Malente and with the publication of his 1954 Berlin guide in German, English and French, the Baedeker brand had been well and truly re-established.
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JG Ebel was a Swiss by adoption only, but deserves mention as the author of the first detailed guidebook to the country (1793), which held its ground until the days of Murray and Baedeker. A later writer, Heinrich Zschokke (1771–1848), also a Swiss by adoption only, produced (1822) a history of Switzerland written for the people, which had a great vogue.
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The route passes through the southwestern part of West Baton Rouge Parish. A junction was established in the southern part of the parish from which a spur line ran twelve miles northward to the west bank of the Mississippi river across from Baton Rouge at a location which was already called "Port Allen". The junction was called "Baton Rouge Junction".Baedeker, Karl, ed.
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During World War II production expanded to supply foundries and in paint production. Work was scheduled under the Essential Works Order 1941 and new equipment installed. The site was bombed on the night of 25–26 April 1942 during the Baedeker Blitz raids on Bath, causing damage to some of the machines. The next night local residents sheltered in the mine.
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Order of Battle of Non-Field Force Units in the United Kingdom, Part 27: AA Command, 14 May 1942, with amendments, TNA file WO 212/81. On 27 July 1942, the lights of the 37th S/L Rgt were engaged during a Baedeker raid on Cheltenham.37 S/L Rgt War Diary July–December 1942, TNA file WO 166/7788.
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This edition was also his first 'experimental' red guide. He also decided to call his travel guides 'handbooks', following the example of John Murray III. Baedeker's early guides had tan covers, but from 1856 onwards, Murray's red bindings and gilt lettering became the familiar hallmark of all Baedeker guides as well, and the content became famous for its clarity, detail and accuracy.
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ATS women operating a height and range finder on an HAA gun site, December 1942. The Luftwaffe carried out few bombing raids on London during 1942–43, preferring to concentrate on softer targets such as provincial cities (the Baedeker Blitz) or on 'hit and run' attacks by Fighter- bombers against coastal targets.Collier, Appendix XXXVIII.Routledge, pp. 401–4; Table LXVIII, p. 405.
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Italy, Handbook for Travellers: First Part, Northern Italy, Karl Baedeker, 1906, page 210. On the counterfacade were paintings by Giovanni Paolo Cavagna. In the first altar on the right is a canvas depicting an Enthroned Madonna and Child (1523) by Andrea Previtali. In the second altar on the right is a 15th century canvas depicting Saints Defendente, Apollonia, and Lawrence.
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Repeated symbols used for ranking date to Mariana Starke's 1820 guidebook, which used exclamation points to indicate works of art of special value: > ...I have endeavoured... to furnish Travellers with correct lists of the > objects best worth notice...; at the same time marking, with one or more > exclamation points (according to their merit), those works which are deemed > peculiarly excellent.Mariana Starke, Travels on the Continent: written for > the use and particular information of travellers, London: John Murray, 1820 > full text, p. x; later editions are entitled Information and Directions for > Travellers on the Continent Murray's Handbooks for Travellers and then the Baedeker Guides (starting in 1844) borrowed this system, using stars instead of exclamation points, first for points of interest, and later for hotels.David M Bruce, "Baedeker: the Perceived Inventor of the Formal Guidebook", in Richard Butler, ed.
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Ju 88 being shot down in bad weather by a Mk. IV-equipped Mosquito NF Mk. II over the Bay of Biscay. Arthur Harris was appointed Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief of RAF Bomber Command on 22 February 1942, and immediately set about implementing his plan to destroy Germany through dehousing. As part of their move to area attacks, on the night of 28 March a force dropped explosives and incendiaries on Lübeck, causing massive damage. Adolf Hitler and other Nazi leaders were enraged, and ordered retaliation."Fact File : Baedeker Raids", BBC History On the night of 23 April 1942, a small raid was made against Exeter, followed the next day by a pronouncement by Gustaf Braun von Stumm that they would destroy every location found in the Baedeker tourist guides that was awarded three stars.
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Interior On the entrance-wall, to the left, is a Relief of the Madonna by Giovanni da Pisa, (after Donatello); on the 1st altar on the right, are sculptures by Lorenzo Bregno and Antonio Minelli; in the right transept, is a painting of Finding of the Cross, by Tintoretto; opposite, Last Supper, by Bonifazio dei Pitati; beneath, a Byzantine relief of the Madonna.Karl Baedeker, Northern Italy, 1913.
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I./KG 1 was re- created on 8 June at Lübeck-Blankensee but was sent to Avord in France. From there it flew night operations over Great Britain from 5 August (Baedeker Blitz), including bombing operations against the Dieppe Raid. The group returned to the Eastern Front on 3 September 1942. That same day Geschwaderkommodore Hans Keppler was killed in action and replaced with Heinrich Lau.
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Baedeker, Karl, Paris and Environs with Routes from London to Paris, Dulau, 1898, p. 348. Threatened with closure owing to limited financial resources, the convent was now unexpectedly saved by the arrival of a nun with a large dowry,Madame Louise de France (Mère Thérèse de St Augustin): L’entrée au Carmel (in French) [retrieved 21 September 2016]. which in turn further attracted significant donations.
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In June 1927, the luxurious restaurant and dance cafe Villa d'Este, opened at Hardenbergstrasse 21–23.Marko H.C. Paysan: Berlin-Sounds of an Era, Hamburg 2016, , p. 87 "Attention deserves the elegant and very beautiful restaurant Villa d'Este in the Hardenbergstrasse, in a small villa" wrote the journalist Eugen Szatmari in his guidebook "Was nicht im Baedeker steht".Eugen Szatmari: Das Buch von Berlin.
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The Edict itself states merely that it is "given at Nantes, in the month of April, in the year of Our Lord one thousand five hundred and ninety-eight". By the late 19th century the Catholic traditionReported in Baedeker, Northern France, 1889. cited the signing in the "Maison des Tourelles", home of prosperous Spanish trader André Ruiz; it was destroyed by bombing in World War II.
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The town's name is derived from the Old English word "Seouenaca", the name given to a small chapel near seven oak trees on The Vine around AD 800. In a book by K. Baedeker entitled, "Great Britain: England, Wales, and Scotland as Far as Loch Maree and the Cromarty Firth" (published in 1887) it is stated that Sevenoaks "is said to be a corruption of Chevenix".
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The 1936 Baedeker guidebook on Berlin recommended a visit. Max von Oppenheim grave in Landshut, Landshuter Stadtkreis Bavaria (Bayern), Germany After the Nazis took power in 1933, Oppenheim's Jewish background became a potential threat. Probably protected by old acquaintances in the scientific community, he was able to continue with his scholarly work. Apparently, this involved some efforts to fit into the intellectual climate of the time.
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The period up to the commencement of the Second World War was one of modest growth, the major event being purchase of the William Arthur Evelyn collection of prints, drawings and watercolours of York in 1931. The building was requisitioned for military purposes at the outbreak of the Second World War and closed, suffering bomb damage during the Baedeker Blitz on 29 April 1942.
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Farndale, Annex D.Routledge, Table LXV, p. 396.Order of Battle of Non-Field Force Units in the United Kingdom, Part 27: AA Command, 2 December 1941, with amendments, The National Archives (TNA), Kew, file WO 212/80. Although there were a number of Luftwaffe air raids on cities in the West of England during the so-called Baedeker Blitz of 1942, none directly affected the Gloucester area.
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Baedekers Berlin-Kreuzberg: Bezirksführer (11977), Ostfildern/Kemnat and Munich: Baedeker, 21988, .see references for bibliographical details, p. 34\. . Vang stave church in Karpacz, Poland After 1945 and the expulsion of the German inhabitants, ski resorts expanded with new lifts and slopes on both sides of the mountains, while the traditional mountain huts were neglected. Many were victims of fires, such as Elbfallbaude, Riesenbaude, and Prinz-Heinrich-Baude.
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With no time to consult military charts or maps, Falkenhorst picked up a Baedeker tourist guidebook of Norway at a stationery store on his way to his hotel room, where he planned the operation from maps he found in it.Kersaudy, Francois, Norway 1940, pp. 45–47 Hitler approved his plan. The invasion was a success, aside from heavy losses inflicted upon the Kriegsmarine (navy).
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The church was founded in the 12th century, putatively with a facade defined in 1195 by Binellius.Handbook of Central Italy, by Karl Baedeker (1904); page 77. Separate from the nave, in a small garden is the square campanile, with mullioned windows. The interior of the church had been embellished over the centuries, but a 19th-century reconstruction led to the more spare interior seen today.
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In cliffside quarries not far from the ancient site, visitors can see notable reliefs of both Antaeus and Nephthys.Cf. Baedeker, 1902, etc. At the same time, the site has again drawn most of its interest since 19th- and early 20th-century archaeologists have studied the maze of relatively well-preserved tombs in the district.Cf. Petrie, Flinders, Antaeopolis the Tombs of Qau (Egypt), London, Quaritch 1930.
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The building stood empty until 1866 when it and adjacent buildings in Pierrepont Place were acquired by the Masonic Royal Cumberland Lodge No. 53 for £636, to become their meeting hall. The building was damaged during the Baedeker Blitz of 1942. The hall is now the meeting place of eight Craft Lodges and 15 other Degrees. It is also currently available for functions and is occasionally used for performances.
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In September 1876, he visited Paris to consult a French physician regarding a chronic ailment. He was forced to retire from military service for health reasons three years later. Prior to his retirement, he was awarded the war medal of the "Croissant Rouge" of which, at the time, had been awarded to only 18 men including the Sultan himself. He settled in Toulon to work as an American consular agentKarl Baedeker.
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At first these units, based in the Netherlands, were used to carry out minelaying and anti-shipping operations over the North Sea.Green 1970, p. 154.Price Air International September 1993, p. 146. On the night of 24/25 April 1942, however, Dornier Do 217s of KG 2 took part in an attack on the city of Exeter, the first raid of what was to become known as the Baedeker Blitz.
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View of the centre of Bath in 1958, still with signs of war damage. The term Bath Blitz refers to the air raids by the German Luftwaffe on the British city of Bath, Somerset, during World War II. The city was bombed in April 1942 as part of the so-called "Baedeker raids", in which targets were chosen for their cultural and historical, rather than their strategic or military, value.
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He died in Essen in 1917 and was subsequently buried in Gdańsk according to his last will. Wilhelm August Stryowski, biography, paintings and photographs, at GDAŃSZCZANIE, 28 August 2009 His wife Clara (née Bädeker, or Baedeker) - was a niece of the editor of well-known guide books. Most famous works by W.A.Stryowski depict Gdańsk society - Jews, Romas, workers, prominent citizens. One of the streets in Gdańsk is named after him.
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Furthermore, he made some maps for the Baedeker publishing, mainly for their Egypt and Palestine outstanding guides but also for some of Europe (Paris, London, South Italy, etc.): Italie du Sud et la Sicile. Avec excursions aux îles de Lipari, à Tunis, à Malte, en Sardaigne et à Athènes (3rd ed., 1872), London nebst Ausflügen nach Süd-England, Wales u. Schottland, sowie Reiserouten vom Continent nach England (5th ed.
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International Academy began in 1993 as a school for Christian, English speakers in St. Petersburg, Russia. Originally named the International Christian School of St. Petersburg, or "ICS," it cooperated with the Russian Christian School, or "RCS," to exist as a part of Kargel & Baedeker School. In 2007, the two schools split, and International Christian School took a new name - International Academy. Before 2004, ICS was near Ligovskiy Prospect Metro station.
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All of them were returned to their homeland in 1919. Seventy-five members of the class were built by Brighton Works between December 1897 and September 1903. All of the class survived the transfer to Southern Railway ownership in 1923. One example No. 2483 was however destroyed as a result of enemy action against Eastbourne motive power depot in 1942 during a Luftwaffe air raid event known as the Baedeker Blitz.
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CdO is used as a transparent conductive material, which was prepared as a transparent conducting film as early as 1907 by Karl Baedeker. Cadmium oxide in the form of thin films has been used in applications such as photodiodes, phototransistors, photovoltaic cells, transparent electrodes, liquid crystal displays, IR detectors, and anti reflection coatings. CdO microparticles undergo bandgap excitation when exposed to UV-A light and is also selective in phenol photodegradation.
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The British losses were equivalent to 30 squadrons. The Luftwaffe did not remain on the defensive in 1941 and 1942. Sperrle's air fleet carried out intensive and consistent air attacks on Britain and the limited German bomber force was reinforced over the winter, 1941–42. Concurrently, Sperrle with support from Hans-Jurgen Stumpff, continued to carry out air attacks on shipping. The Baedeker Blitz became the largest air offensive against Britain in 1942.
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30 Baedeker map of the town, ca 1914 On 10 October 1834, Buitenzorg was seriously damaged by another eruption of the Salak volcanoes caused by an earthquake. Taking into account the seismic activity of the region, the governor's palace and office buildings constructed in 1840–1850 were built shorter but sturdier than those built prior to the eruption. The Governor's decree of 1845 prescribed separate settlements of European, Chinese and Arab migrants within the city.
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The Canada guide is the sole classic Baedeker to have been published only in English. James Muirhead's worked on the 1893 edition of The United States, which ran to four editions while he was with the firm. Herbert Warren Wind wrote: It took James Muirhead two and a half years to research and write The United States. In the preface to "The United States", the publishers acknowledged Muirhead's work in producing the travel guide.
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The ruins of St Catherine's Almshouses, preserved amongst modern buildings as a memorial of the Blitz The term Exeter Blitz refers to the air raids by the German Luftwaffe on the British city of Exeter, Devon, during the Second World War. The city was bombed in April and May 1942 as part of the so-called "Baedeker raids", in which targets were chosen for their cultural and historical, rather than their strategic or military, value.
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The Luftwaffe changed their tactics as well; their bombers would approach at low altitude, climb to spot the target, and then dive again after releasing their bombs. This meant that interceptions with the Mk. IV were possible only during the bomb run. In the end, the Baedeker raids failed to cause any reduction in the RAF's raids over Germany. Civilian losses were considerable, with 1,637 killed, 1,760 injured, and 50,000 homes destroyed or damaged.
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Collier, Appendix XXXVII. Redeployment of resources became necessary to counter the Baedeker raids, mostly to southern England, but also the establishment of a GDA at York. A series of Luftwaffe 'hit and run' raids against towns on the South Coast also led to the withdrawal of many LAA guns. At the same time, experienced units were posted away to train for service overseas (sometimes being lent back to AA Command while awaiting embarkation).
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The Baedeker Guide mentioned only Syros, Mykonos and Delos. Syros was the main port that all ships touched; Mykonos was the obligatory stopover before the visit to Delos. Syros featured two hotels worthy of their name (Hôtel de la ville and Hôtel d'Angleterre). On Mykonos, one had to content oneself with Konsolina “house” or rely on the Epistates (police official) of the Antiquities, in which case the competition between potential visitors to Delos must have been rough.Baedeker. Greece.
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The blitz was accompanied by fighter-bomber attacks against London and coastal towns, which took place until June 1943. In April 1943, Sperrle's air fleet could still muster 120 aircraft for these operations. The purpose of these fighter- bomber (Jabo) operations, which began from autumn, 1942, was for "reprisals", similar to the German bomber campaign. On 23 April 1942 the Baedeker offensive began with the Exeter Blitz and the Bath Blitz and extended west to Norwich.
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The great German traveler Baedeker called it "finer than the Rhine." Petitioners' contention that the Commission must take these factors into consideration in evaluating the Storm King project is justified by the history of the Federal Power Act. Prior to this case, aesthetics were not considered worthy of standing in court. Environmental groups had to demonstrate a harm to a person or people (typically economic harm) before they could be allowed to challenge development in court and be heard.
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The church once held the Madonna di Senigallia which is now attributed to Piero Della Francesca, and is displayed in the Gallerie Nazionale delle Marche in Urbino. The painting, attributed during the early 19th century to Fra Carnevale was still in situ in 1900.Italy: Handbook for Travellers, Volume 2, by Karl Baedeker (Firm), page 114. Giovanni Della Rovere was buried in the church in 1501, his tomb can be seen in the right wall of the nave.
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Routledge, pp. 99, 399. 150 cm Searchlight fitted with No. 2 Mk VI SLC radar After its defeat in the Blitz, the Luftwaffe carried out few night raids over the UK until early 1942 when it began a series of attacks (the so-called Baedeker Blitz) against open cities. Bath, Somerset, was one such target (the Bath Blitz of April 1942), which spilled over onto Bristol and led to some redeployments in 8th AA Division's area.
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As a boy, the composer Matthew Locke was trained in the choir of Exeter Cathedral, under Edward Gibbons, the brother of Orlando Gibbons. His name can be found scribed into the stone organ screen. During the Second World War, Exeter was one of the targets of a German air offensive against British cities of cultural and historical importance, which became known as the "Baedeker Blitz". On 4 May 1942 an early-morning air raid took place over Exeter.
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The cake became popular during the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569–1791). Its origins are attributed to either the Italian Queen Bona Sforza of Poland or the Baltic tribe of Yotvingians. The Yotvingians, first mentioned in 5th century B.C. as neuri, well known as great warriors and hunters, while Bona Sforza is known to have implemented many agriculture, infrastructure and manufacture reforms.Klaus Klöppel: Polnische Ostseeküste: Danzig, Masuren, Baedeker, But most likely it's a variation of the German Baumkuchen.
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In May 1942 Exeter was heavily bombed in the Baedeker raids of the Second World War. Newtown was badly affected with many buildings destroyed, including the lower section of Newtown School. Post war development saw the creation of the Inner By-pass (Western Way) which cut through the northern part of Newtown, while regeneration work in the late 1960s saw new developments of blocks of flats, some of which were placed to 'disrupt' the uniform Victorian street pattern.
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In 1901, an electric tramline linked Most with Litvínov's administrative parts of Kopisty and Janov u Litvínova. The construction (1911–1914) of the Janov dam at Křížatky solved the city's supply of drinking water. In 1905 Most had a population of 21,500 people and the most modern theatre of its time within Austria-Hungary, built in 1910 and designed by Viennese architect Alexander Graf, was opened in Most in 1911.Baedeker, Karl, Austria-Hungary, Leipzig, 1905, p.237.
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Globe Place, Norwich. View through into Globe Place from Walpole Street. Named after the Globe Pub which disappeared, along with much of this densely populated area during the Blitz of 1942 229 citizens were killed in the two Baedeker raids with 1000 others injured, and 340 by bombing throughout the war—giving Norwich the highest air raid casualties in Eastern England. Out of the 35,000 domestic dwellings in Norwich, 2,000 were destroyed, and another 27,000 suffered some damage.
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The two summits are located in the small massif of La Grande Ruine, the highest summit of which is that of Pointe Brevoort (), which is next to Roche Méane. Below the summits are rocky cliffs and three glaciers: the Clot des Cavales, the Grande Ruine glacier, and the Supérieur des Agneaux. In 1907 Baedeker described the mountain as a "very difficult" two-and-a-half-hour ascent from this last.Southern France including Corsica: handbook for travellers, 5th ed.
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James Fullarton Muirhead was born in Glasgow, Scotland, in 1853. He was educated at the Craigmount School in Edinburgh and at the University of Edinburgh, where he obtained a doctorate. Following graduation in 1876, he spent three years at Chambers's Encyclopaedia. Muirhead thereafter commenced a thirty-five year association (1879-1914) with the Baedeker publishing house, where he was the editor of the English and American editions of Baedeker's Handbook for Travellers, as well as writing separate guides based on Muirhead's own travels.
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William Ralston California Theatre ruins 1906 The California Theatre was located at 414 (now 440) Bush Street, San Francisco. Lois Rather, Bonanza Theater, (private publishing, Rather Press, 1977), 23-25 K. Baedeker (1904) The United States: with an excursion into Mexico It was built in 1869 by William Ralston, at that time the treasurer of the Bank of California. S. C. Bugbee & Son were the architects and the theatre cost $250, 000 to build.Another source puts the figure at $150,000. (ref.
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The completion of the building work in 1769. In the late 19th century five cast iron lamp columns with decorative scrollwork were added. In 1921, architect Robert Tor Russell used the Crescent as a source of inspiration to design the central business district of Connaught Place, New Delhi, India. During the Bath Blitz of World War II, known as the Baedecker Raids or Baedeker Blitz, some bomb damage occurred, the most serious being the gutting of numbers 2 and 17 by incendiaries.
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As early as 28 June 1940, a terror bombing rationale had been advanced for the A4 (V-2 rocket) being developed at a meeting between Army Ordnance Chief Emil Leeb and Commander-in-Chief of the Wehrmacht, Walther von Brauchitsch. Following the relative failure of the Baedeker Raids on Britain in 1942, development of both flying bomb and rocket accelerated, with Britain designated as the target.Basil Collier (1976) The Battle of the V-Weapons. Morley, The Elmfield Press: 15–16.
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Rising inflation, too, played its part in affecting tourism and the balance sheet of the publishing house. The Great Depression put paid to any hopes of an early recovery in its fortunes. The arrival of Nazism made things even worse for anything connected with tourism. For the Baedeker publishing house it culminated in the destruction of their headquarters in Leipzig, with total loss of the firm's archives, in the early hours of December 4, 1943 when Britain's Royal Air Force bombarded the city.
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It passes in favor of conscription; French Canadians are the main, though not the only, objectors. ::The finalized thirty-three page draft for the German Amerika Bomber trans-Atlantic range strategic bomber design competition is submitted to the RLM. :28: The bulk of the British assault troops depart Durban in South Africa for Madagascar; the slower ships, carrying transport and heavy weapons, have departed in great secrecy some days earlier. :29: The "Baedeker raids" continue, focused on Norwich and York.
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In 1936, Loy returned to New York and lived for a time with her daughter in Manhattan. She moved to the Bowery, where she found inspiration for poems and found object assemblage art in the destitute people she encountered. On 15 April 1946, she became a naturalised citizen of the United States under the name "Gertrude Mina Lloyd", resident at 302 East 66 Street in New York City. Her second and last book, Lunar Baedeker & Time Tables, appeared in 1958.
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The following year, he used some of it to build a villa in Falkenstein (an outlying district of Hamburg), designed by the architect, Walther Baedeker (1880-1959), where he established his studio. In 1920, he became a member of the and, two years later, of the . In 1924, he relocated to Wernigerode, in Harz, where he died in 1959. He was primarily known as a landscape painter, with a special focus on fruit trees, although he also painted quarries and pinges.
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By October 1941 the availability of S/L control radar was sufficient to allow AA Command's S/L sites to be 'declustered' into single-light sites spaced at intervals in 'Indicator Belts' in the approaches to the GDAs, and 'Killer Belts' at spacing to cooperate with the RAF's Night-fighters.Routledge, pp. 399–401. Although the Luftwaffe 's so- called Baedeker Blitz of 1942 was mainly aimed at unprotected cities, Birmingham was hit on several occasions in June and July that year.Collier, Appendix XXXVII.
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Headdress with arrow of virtue and its little cap; 1847. The children's toy yo-yo was nicknamed de Coblenz (Koblenz) in 18th-century France, referring to the large number of noble French émigrées then living in the city. National Yo-Yo Museum, California The arrow of virtue (Tugendpfeil) is a large gold or silver hairpin from the female headdress of Koblenz and the left bank of the Rhine until the beginning of the 20th centuryKarl Baedeker. Les Bords du Rhin.
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The building was restored by A Mowbray Green in 1938, with Oliver Messel as the interior designer. During the Bath Blitz of 25/26 April 1942, one of the retaliatory raids on England by the Baedeker Blitz following the RAF's raid on Lübeck, the Assembly Rooms were bombed and burnt out inside. After the cessation of hostilities in Europe, they were restored by Sir Albert Richardson, with work being completed in 1963. The ballroom ceiling had to be repaired after it collapsed in 1989.
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The painter Thomas Gainsborough lived in Number 17 between 1758 and 1774, using part of its space as his portrait studio. Number 15 was home to Admiral Sir Richard Bickerton and his family in the first half of the 19th century. During the Bath Blitz of 25/26 April 1942, one of the Baedeker Blitz retaliatory raids on England following the RAF's raid on Lübeck, a bomb fell into the Circus, demolishing several of the houses. These have since been reconstructed in the original style.
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The remains of the bay platform in 2009. The station was opened in 1882 by the Lynn and Fakenham Railway, and later became the southern terminus of the Midland and Great Northern Joint Railway (MG&N;) line from Melton Constable. The station became well-used, with services to Cromer and through-carriages to a range of destinations including Peterborough and Leicester. The station was badly bombed in the Baedeker raids of 1942 Norfolk history Retrieved 23 April 2011 when the main building was largely destroyed.
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The book, which plays in the North Sea resort of Kampen, did not receive much attention. Wedderkop's alternative travel books about Cologne, Düsseldorf, and Bonn (1928), Paris (1929), London and Rome (1930) and Oberitalien (1931), published by Piper Verlag in the series Was nicht im „Baedeker“ steht were more successful. After 1938, Wedderkop appeared as the translator of the motivational trainer and author Dale Carnegie, later co-authored in later German editions. Wedderkop also translated Et in Arcadia ego by the Italian writer Emilio Cecchi into German.
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The main Blitz ended in May 1941, but occasional raids continued. Newly-formed AA units joined the division, the HAA and support units increasingly being 'mixed'. At the same time, experienced units were posted away for service overseas. This led to a continual turnover of units, which accelerated in 1942 with the preparations for the invasion of North Africa (Operation Torch) and the need to transfer AA units to counter the Baedeker Blitz and the Luftwaffe's hit- and-run attacks against South Coast towns.
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Routledge, pp. 399–404. In August 1942, the 3rd AA Division was sent to the South Coast and the 7th AA Division took over command of the 36th (Scottish) AA Brigade covering Edinburgh and the Forth.Order of Battle of Non-Field Force Units in the United Kingdom, Part 27: AA Command, 14 May 1942, with amendments, TNA file WO 212/81. During the Baedeker raids in 1942, Middlesbrough and Billingham received two successive raids on the nights of 6 and 7 July, and another on 25 July.
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Wagstaffe attended the University of Cincinnati to study ornithology. He was appointed Curator of the Yorkshire Museum in January 1941, replacing Walter Collinge, having formerly been Curator of the Stockport Municipal Museum. Wagstaffe lived with his wife, Trissie, in Manor Cottage, a building next to the Museum in the grounds of York Museum Gardens. They were living here during the Baedeker Raid on York on 29 April 1942, during which a bomb narrowly missed the Museum, but caused considerable damage to the roof and windows.
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Routledge, pp. 401–4. Newly-formed AA units joined the division, the HAA units increasingly being 'mixed' ones into which women of the Auxiliary Territorial Service were integrated. At the same time, experienced units were posted away for service overseas. This led to a continual turnover of units, which accelerated in 1942 with the preparations for Operation Torch and the need to transfer AA units from North West England to counter the Baedeker raids and the Luftwaffe's hit-and-run attacks against South Coast towns.
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Feminist Manifesto was written in 1914 by English-born Modernist writer Mina Loy (December 27, 1882 – September 25, 1966), but not published until 1982 by The Last Lunar Baedeker. The text inspires a call to action for women to critique the feminist movement in the 20th century, while designing an agenda to secure women's identity within the changing spheres of society. This action is attained by casting out traditional roles and demolishing the distinction between the two sexes. The manifesto is dependent on political and rational involvement.
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At the same time, experienced units were posted away to train for service overseas (sometimes being lent back to AA Command while awaiting embarkation). This led to a continual turnover of units, which accelerated in 1942 with the preparations for the invasion of North Africa (Operation Torch) and the need to transfer AA units to counter the Luftwaffe 's Baedeker Blitz against largely unprotected towns and hit-and-run daylight attacks against South Coast towns.Routledge, pp. 398–404, Map 35.Sainsbury, pp. 87–90.
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Early in the 20th century the poet and short story writer A. E. Coppard (1878–1957) worked at the Eagle Ironworks, as recounted in his autobiography It's Me, O Lord! Oxford-based author Philip Pullman featured the Eagle Ironworks in his 2003 novel Lyra's Oxford. The story includes a fictitious "Randolph Lucy", a 17th-century alchemist with an eagle-demon who had his laboratory on nearby Juxon Street. An entry for the Eagle Ironworks is included in an extract from a fictitious version of the Baedeker guide.
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Collier, Chapter XVII. On 23/24 April 1942, the Luftwaffe began a new campaign against the UK (the Baedeker Blitz ) with a sharp raid on Exeter, followed by a series of raids on other provincial cities. Scientific intelligence gave about six weeks' warning that these raids would employ X-Gerät with a new supersonic modulation frequency. 80 Wing was able to add supersonic modulation to its jammers, but was briefed not to employ this countermeasure until listening stations had confirmed that the Luftwaffe was indeed using the new technique.
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The facility has its origins in the Bowthorpe Road Workhouse which was completed in 1859. An infirmary was added in around 1880 and a nurses' home (which survives as Woodlands House) was completed in 1903. It became the Bowthorpe Road Public Assistance Institution in 1930 and, although the main building was destroyed by bombing during the Baedeker Blitz of the Second World War, the hospital joined the National Health Service as the West Norwich Hospital in 1948. After a programme of investment it became the Norwich Community Hospital in 2005.
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There is an entablature with metopes and triglyphs. The Museum of Bath Architecture lies just off the Paragon in a courtyard, in a building which was built in 1765 as the Trinity Presbyterian Church. It is also known as the Countess of Huntingdon's Chapel, as she lived in the attached house from 1707-1791\. During the Bath Blitz of 25/26 April 1942, one of the retailitory raids on England by the Baedeker Blitz following the RAF's raid on Lübeck, a bomb fell into The Paragon, demolishing several of the houses.
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In their extensive travels across Europe, they are soon caught up in vastly different lifestyles. Fran falls in with a crowd of frivolous socialites, while Sam plays more of an independent tourist. 'With his red Baedeker guide book in hand, he visits such well-known tourist attractions as Westminster Abbey, Notre Dame Cathedral, Sanssouci Palace, and the Piazza San Marco. But the historic sites that he sees prove to be far less significant than the American expatriates that he meets on his extensive journeys across Great Britain and continental Europe' Wenzl, Bernhard.
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An ear, nose and throat building was built in 1930 and a maternity and gynecology building was added in 1935. The Second World War saw the hospital bombed on a number of occasions, including in April 1942, during the German Baedeker Blitz, and the site was severely damaged by bombing on 27 June. As a result of the June 1942 raid, four wards and the main operating theatres were destroyed. In 1948 the National Health Service was founded and the Norfolk and Norwich Hospital became an NHS hospital.
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Although not identified in the book, the village is presumed to be Freshford. The book describes the influx of refugees from the bombing of nearby Bath in 1942 during the "Baedeker raids", shortages, the blackout, fire-watching, and the building of pill-boxes and barricades in the fields so that enemy gliders could not land. It was illustrated with line drawings by Alfred Bestall who also drew Rupert Bear for The Daily Express. The book was republished in 2010 by Folly Books with a new biographical introduction by Nick McCamley.
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Was nicht im Baedeker steht. Berlin, München 1927, p. 69, In addition to the restaurant and bar, the establishment offered a grand garden on the rear side of the house, where guests could sit under the trees and dance on a dance floor throughout the night. Famous musicians and bands, such as Mike Danzi, Paul Godwin, René Dumont, Dajos Béla, Harry Revel and Bernhard Barenblatt played for an "audience who have the necessary wherewithal", according to the Berlin Journalist Adolf Stein alias “Rumpelstilzchen” on the occasion of the opening of the restaurant.
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In 1936, the white chocolate Galak was launched in Europe by the Swiss company Nestlé. Other companies developed their own formulas, such as that developed by Kuno Baedeker for the Merckens Chocolate Company in 1945. From about 1948 until the 1990s, Nestlé produced a white chocolate bar with almond pieces, Alpine White, for markets in the United States and Canada. Hershey began mass production of white Kisses in the 1990s, a product that diversified during the early 21st century to include a chocolate white-dark swirl Kiss called the Hug.
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A statue designed by John Bell and made by Doultons and named The Spirit of the Army – Armed Science was unveiled by Lord Waveney in 1878. A further was purchased in 1892 and by the late-1920s extended beyond Farrow Road to its present size of . During World War II the city was bombed in the two Baedeker raids in 1942 with 235 civilians losing their lives. A memorial to them was laid out in a section of the cemetery to the west of Farrow Road in 1946.
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1827−1859: Karl Baedeker (see article) was descended from a long line of printers, booksellers and publishers from Essen. He was the eldest of ten children of Gottschalk Diederich Bädeker (1778–1841), who had inherited the publishing house founded by his own father, Zacharias Gerhard Bädeker (1750–1800). The company also published the local newspaper, the Essendische Zeitung, and the family expected that Karl, too, would eventually join the firm. Karl worked with his father until 1827 when he left for Coblence (now Koblenz) to start his own bookselling and publishing business.
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Bath was largely untouched during the Blitz, the German night bombing offensive against Britain's cities, though nearby Bristol was bombed severely throughout that period. Bath was subject to numerous air raid warnings as raiders flew overhead on their way to Bristol, but no bombs were dropped on Bath at this point. This changed in April 1942 with the start of the Baedeker Blitz, mounted in response to a step-change in the effectiveness of the RAF's bombing offensive in March 1942, that resulted in the destruction of the city of Lübeck.
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Around 1786, Bellin's fellow countryman Louis-François Cassas visited the place and drew a painting of the ruins of the aquaeduct. In 1878, the London-based Palestine Exploration Fund's Survey of Western Palestine (SWP) – led by Herbert Kitchener at the beginning of his military career – mapped Tyre and its surroundings. It described the area of Birket el Bass – north of the aquaeduct – as a "ruined birket" (water reservoir or pool) and as "dry." A map from a 1906 Baedeker travel guide designated the area as a "Swamp" though.
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He starts with a copy of a Baedeker travel guide that was anonymously returned 113 years overdue to the library in the small Dutch town where he used to work. Tracking down the loan records of the book, he finds that the book was borrowed by one "A." who provided a post office box as his address. Inside the book, he finds a 73-year-old dry-cleaning ticket for an unclaimed piece of clothing in a London laundry shop. Intrigued, he takes leave from work to visit London.
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Nadar Claudius Madrolle (22 July 1870 – 16 June 1949) was a French explorer in Africa and Asia and editor of travel guides who specialized in the Far East. Publishers included Comité de l'Asie Française, Hachette and the Société d'Éditions Géographiques, Maritimes et Coloniales. In 1902, thanks to this young and wealthy French explorer, was published the first of a serie of travel guides to the Far East. From the beginning, he designed his project to match the spirit of well-known guides such as Baedeker, Joanne or Murray.
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In 1845 Ma'an al-Hijaziyya had a population of 200 households and Ma'an al-Shamiyya 20 families. Karl Baedeker estimated its population to be around 3,000 in 1912 and the same number was recorded in Guide Bleu's survey in 1932. By 1956 Ma'an's population reached 4,500 and in 1973 it was 9,500. ma'an has now 75000 with 5 large tribes {Kreshan,shamiah,Bazaia,Hararah,fanatsah} In 1961, the population of Maan was 6,643 persons.Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics, 1964, pp. 6, 13 The city had a population of 22,989 in the 1994 census.
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The Blitz ended in May 1941, but occasional raids continued. Newly formed AA units joined the division, the HAA units increasingly being 'mixed' ones into which women of the Auxiliary Territorial Service were integrated. At the same time, experienced units were posted away for service overseas. This led to a continual turnover of units, which accelerated in 1942 with the preparations for Operation Torch and the need to transfer AA units from North West England to counter the Baedeker Blitz and the Luftwaffe's hit-and-run attacks against South Coast towns.
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In 1873 he became an associate professor, then from 1876 to 1890 served as a full professor of Semitic languages at the University of Tübingen. From 1890 up until his death in 1899, he was a professor of Oriental languages at the University of Leipzig. In 1868–70, with Eugen Prym, he carried out language research in the Levant and Iraq, then in 1873 returned to the Middle East on behalf of the Baedeker publishing firm. He was a founding member of the Deutschen Vereins zur Erforschung Palästinas ("German Society for the Exploration of Palestine").
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Another book Latvia, Country and people, was first published in 1935 in Riga and later in 1938 in London. In this book Urch told the story of Latvia, its history, struggle for independence, economy, education, art, music, and so on. The book is not a travel guide in the Baedeker sense, that is, a book of comprehensive information about places designed for the use of visitors or tourists, but rather a presentation of sites of interest to the occasional visitor through their historical context. However, it includes also practical tips.
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Pharbaethus or Pharbaetus (Φαρβαϊθίτης), also known as Sheten or Šetennu, was an ancient town in the Nile Delta. It served as the capital of the nome of Pharbaethites/Lapt in Lower Egypt.Karl Baedeker, Egypt: handbook for travellers : part first, lower Egypt..., 1885 (2nd edition), p. 33. full textEugène Revillout, "Acte de fondation d'une chapelle à Hor-Merti dans la ville de Pharbaetus", Revue Égyptologique, 2:1:32 (1881) full text Pharbaetus is referred to in a stele of the 7th century BC, and described by Herodotus,II, 166.
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It was soon established as one of the top London restaurants, becoming a popular attraction with patrons including Charles Dickens, William Ewart Gladstone, and Benjamin Disraeli. Simpson introduced the practice of wheeling large joints of meat on silver dinner trolleys to each table and carving them in front of guests – a custom that still prevails today. The establishment flourished: in the 1851 census, the Cigar Divan's premises were home to the tavern keeper, the manager, and 21 staff. The restaurant was, according to the Baedeker guide for 1866, a "large well-appointed establishment".
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Loy travelled back to Florence, then New York, then back to Florence, "provoked by the news that Haweis had moved with Giles to the Caribbean". She brought her daughters to Berlin in order to enrol her daughter in dance school, but left them once more because she was drawn back to Paris by the art and literature scene. In 1923, she returned to Paris. Her first volume of poetry, Lunar Baedecker, a collection of thirty-one poems, was published this year and was mistakenly printed with the spelling error "Baedecker" rather than the intended "Baedeker".
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The Blitz ended in May 1941, but occasional raids continued. Newly formed units joined AA Command, the HAA and supporting units increasingly being 'mixed' ones into which women of the Auxiliary Territorial Service (ATS) were integrated. At the same time, experienced units were posted away for service overseas. This led to a continual turnover of units, which accelerated in 1942 with the preparations for Operation Torch and the need to transfer AA units from North West England to counter the Baedeker Blitz and Luftwaffe hit-and-run attacks against South Coast towns.
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Newly-formed AA units joined the division, the HAA and support units increasingly becoming 'Mixed' units, indicating that women of the Auxiliary Territorial Service (ATS) were fully integrated into them. At the same time, experienced units were posted away to train for service overseas. This led to a continual turnover of units, which accelerated in 1942 with the preparations for the invasion of North Africa (Operation Torch) and the need to transfer AA units to counter the Baedeker raids and the Luftwaffe 's hit-and-run attacks against South Coast towns.
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Nocera dei Pagani (also Nocera de' Pagani) or Nuceria Paganorum is the name under which was known in the past, between the 16th century and 1806, a civitas that included a large portion of the Agro Nocerino-Sarnese, composed of 5 existing municipalities: Nocera Inferiore, Nocera Superiore, Pagani, Sant'Egidio del Monte Albino and Corbara. Ugo dei Pagani came from Nocera dei Pagani. Reference to Nocera as his birthplace is found at least as early as Baedeker's Southern Italy (1869)Karl Baedeker, Italy: handbook for travellers. Part 3 (Coblenz, 1869) p.
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Braham managed to conduct a safe landing. During this time Braham and Gregory frequently visited 29 Squadron at West Malling. By now the Germans were sending small-scale formations to bomb selected targets in Britain in what became known as the Baedeker Blitz. Operating on the night of 6/7 June 1942 in a borrowed Beaufighter, they destroyed a Dornier 217 raiding Canterbury and soon after Braham was posted back to No 29 Squadron from 51 OTU on 24 July 1942 as acting squadron leader and flight commander of the unit.
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The Blitz had ended in May 1941 and there were fewer air raids thereafter. Even during the Baedeker Blitz of 1942, the Luftwaffe avoided heavily defended targets such as Portsmouth and Southampton. Southampton was raided on 17 April and 21 June, Portsmouth on 20 August.Collier, Appendix XXXVIII. After 458 HAA Bty left for conversion, and 428 Bty came under the control of 72nd (Hampshire) HAA Rgt, RHQ had no batteries under its direct command until it was joined on 10 July 1942 by another all-male battery, 376 HAA Bty from 97th (London Scottish) HAA Rgt.
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Library of Congress, 1995. Both sides also engaged in the deliberate large-scale targeting of civilian homes in their respective strategic bombing campaigns. The Germans repeatedly carried out indiscriminate bombing attacks against civilian areas, such as the bombing of Belgrade in 1941 and the Baedeker Blitz against England in 1942, and the Allies sought to demoralize the German workforce through the destruction of their homes—a policy known euphemistically as dehousing. Around 25% of Germany's housing stock was destroyed or heavily damaged in the subsequent Allied bombing campaigns, with some cities suffering the loss of up to 97% of civilian homes.
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It was emphasized in the guides based on his own travels, such as the guides to the United States and Canada, that Muirhead had "personally visited the greater part of the districts described". For example, Muirhead spent three years travelling the United States, from 1890 to 1893, to obtain the information for his travel guide of that country. He also used his American travels to write A Land of Contrasts, published in 1898,Ford Madox Ford, The Good Soldier: A Tale of Passion (1915), p. 337. in addition to his work on the related Baedeker guidebook.
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The latter was a simple Ar 196 floatplane staffel on 10 July 1942. Kessler lamented the miuse of naval aircraft in bombing operations against Britain. In 1942, he wrote of the Baedeker Blitz; > My impression in the majority of cases, the aim of our sorties at present is > more to placate the High Command than to cause any serious discomfort to the > enemy. Of, for example, bombs dropped on English country houses where dances > are taking place, there is little possibility of killing anyone of > importance, since Churchill doesn’t dance, and other prominent personalities > are generally beyond the age for such relaxation.
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The main Blitz ended in May 1941, but occasional raids continued on Manchester and Liverpool. Newly formed AA units joined the division, the HAA units increasingly being 'mixed' ones into which women of the Auxiliary Territorial Service were integrated. At the same time, experienced units were posted away for service overseas. This led to a continual turnover of units, which accelerated in 1942 with the preparations for Operation Torch and the need to transfer AA units from North West England to counter the Baedeker Blitz and the Luftwaffe's hit-and-run attacks against South Coast towns.
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Findlay Muirhead (1860–1935), graduate of the University of Edinburgh, left his studies at Leipzig in 1887 to join his brother at Baedeker. For almost the next 30 years the brothers were responsible for all English language Baedekers, including compiling guides to Britain, the US and Canada. Following the outbreak of World War I, the Muirhead brothers found themselves out of a job. They acquired the rights to Murray’s Handbooks in 1915 from the cartographical publisher Edward Stanford, who had bought them 14 years earlier from John Murray IV. In the same year they established their company, Muirhead’s Guide-books Limited.
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After the war, he moved to Malente-Gremsmühlen in Schleswig- Holstein, where his wife and sister were living and which was in the British zone. Here, he worked in local government until 1948, latterly sorting out the Schleswig-Holstein archives when he decided to revive the family publishing business under the name of Karl Baedeker . His uncle Hans had decided to stay on in Leipzig, which was now under the jurisdiction of the Russians who had not granted him a publishing licence. However, they were very close and Karl could draw on his uncle's experience to get things going.
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The Old Synagogue, now the King's School Music Room, is one of only two Egyptian Revival synagogues still standing. The city centre contains many timber-framed 16th and 17th century houses, however there are far fewer than there were before the Second World War, as many were damaged during the Baedeker Blitz. Many are still standing, including the "Old Weaver's House" used by the Huguenots.. St Martin's Mill is the only surviving mill out of the six known to have stood in Canterbury. It was built in 1817 and worked until 1890; it is now a house conversion.
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Following the raid of 3/4 May 1942 German radio declared "Exeter is the jewel of the west; we have destroyed that jewel, and we will return to finish the job".Thomas, p.18. Despite this boast, however, the May 1942 air raid was the last suffered by the city; Germany’s Baedeker blitz continued in desultory fashion for the next two years, but became increasingly ineffective in the face of the RAF’s growing night fighter defences. In total, the nineteen air attacks on Exeter caused the death of 265 people and injuries to 687, of which 111 were serious.
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In 1811 a building, designed by Peter Atkinson the younger as a council chamber, was erected to the south of the original hall (this is now known as "the Atkinson Room"). Then in 1891, another building, designed by Enoch Mawbey, the city surveyor, accommodating a larger council chamber, was built to the north of the original hall (this building is now known as "the Municipal Offices"). The new council chamber was decorated by Kendal, Milne and Co in the 1890s. The interior of the original building, including the stained glass window was destroyed during a Baedeker raid in 1942.
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In 2005, Stewart provided the voice of President James A. Garfield for the audiobook version of Sarah Vowell's Assassination Vacation. In 2007, Stewart voiced Mort Sinclaire, former TV comedy writer and communist, on Stephen Colbert's audiobook version of I Am America (And So Can You!). In 2010, Stewart and The Daily Show writing staff released a sequel to their first book entitled, Earth (The Book): A Visitor's Guide to the Human Race. The book is meant to serve as a Baedeker travel guide for an alien civilization that discovers Earth after humanity has died out, most likely by its own hands.
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During the Second World War, it was used as a command and observation post for the Royal Air Force when its original use was recognised. (The Cathedral was targeted for a Baedeker Blitz or bombing raid by Germany but escaped because fog rolled in and blocked the pilots' view.) The chapel was re-consecrated shortly after the war and is still used for weekly services by the college. Tunstall's Chapel, named after Cuthbert Tunstall, was built in the 15th century and is used for worship within the college.College Chapels Retrieved December 2010 It was modified in the 17th Century by Bishop Cosin.
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Modern reproductions of the fresco abound. For example, a full-size one can be seen in the auditorium of Old Cabell Hall at the University of Virginia. Produced in 1902 by George W. Breck to replace an older reproduction that was destroyed in a fire in 1895, it is four inches off scale from the original, because the Vatican would not allow identical reproductions of its art works.Information on Old Cabell Hall from University of Virginia Other reproductions include: in Königsberg Cathedral, Kaliningrad by Neide, Northern Germany: As Far as the Bavarian and Austrian Frontiers, Baedeker, 1890, p. 247.
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Searchlights, now assisted by Searchlight Control (SLC) radar, were reorganised, with a 'Killer Belt' surrounding the Hull GDA to cooperate closely with RAF Night fighters. The HAA and support units increasingly became 'Mixed', indicating that women of the Auxiliary Territorial Service (ATS) were fully integrated into them.Routledge, pp. 399 & Map 35. In the Spring of 1942 a new phase in the air campaign began with the so-called Baedeker Blitz mainly directed against undefended British cities. In the 10th AA Division's area, York was accurately hit on 28 April, Hull on 19 May and 31 July, and Grimsby on 29 May.
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Moberly and Jourdain recounted that they had decided to visit the Palace of Versailles as part of several trips around Paris, detailing how, on 10 August 1901, they travelled by train to Versailles. They remembered not thinking much of the palace after touring it, so they said they decided to walk through the gardens to the Petit Trianon. but after reaching the Grand Trianon found it was closed to the public. They recollected traveling with a Baedeker guidebook, but said they became lost after missing the turn for the main avenue, Allée des Deux Trianons, and entered a lane, where they bypassed their destination.
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Like a 19th-century comment in a British guidebook, "impressive and picturesque",Karl Baedeker, Austria, Including Hungary, Transylvania, Dalmatia, and Bosnia. 1900. modern hikers usually appreciate the panoramic view of the highest and many other peaks in the High Tatras, from Kriváň in the west to Široká in the north and Lomnický štít in the east. Farther on, but often visible, are the eastern Low Tatras in the south and part of the Belianske Tatras in the east. Better than usual visibility, a rare occurrence except in the fall and winter, is needed to see the Stolické vrchy, Volovské vrchy, the Slovak Paradise region, and Branisko.
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There was little Townsend could do. With no replacements or re-equipment in sight, 85 Squadron were to continue operating the Havoc.Warson 2007, pp. 29–30. In 1942 the Luftwaffe began the so-called "Baedeker Blitz", in retaliation for RAF Bomber Command attacks on German cities. The Luftwaffe bombed Ipswich, Poole and Canterbury on the night of the 2/3 June 1942. Near Canterbury Burbridge claimed his first successes—a probable Junkers Ju 88 over Ipswich—at 03:30 on 2 June 1942. The following night, at 02:50, he damaged a Dornier Do 217 over Canterbury.Foreman 2005, p. 162.Shores and Williams 2008, p. 157–158.
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The Blue Guides are a series of detailed and authoritative travel guidebooks focused on art, architecture, and (where relevant) archaeology along with the history and context necessary to understand them. A modicum of practical travel information, with recommended restaurants and hotels, is also generally included. The first Blue Guide – London and its Environs – was published in 1918 by the Scottish brothers James and Findlay Muirhead. The Muirheads had for many years been the English-language editors of the famous German Baedeker series. When they also acquired the rights to John Murray III’s famous travel “handbooks” they established the Blue Guides as heir to the great 19th century guide book tradition.
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After the war, Patch returned to work as a plumber, during which time he spent four years working on the Wills Memorial Building in Bristol, before becoming manager of the plumbing company's branch in Bristol. A year above the age to be called up for military service at the outbreak of the Second World War in 1939, he became a part-time fireman in Bath, dealing with the Baedeker raids. Later in the war he moved to Street, Somerset, where he ran a plumbing company until his retirement at the age of 65. Patch married Ada Emily Billington (1891–1976) at the Parish Church, Hadley, Shropshire on 13 September 1919.
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12px 23–29 April: The first period of the Baedeker Blitz bomb the provincial cities of Exeter, Bath, Norwich, and York. 12px 23–27 April: Bombing of Rostock. 12px 30 May: The first use of the bomber stream and the first British large scale operation, as part of Operation Millennium the first "Thousand Bomber" raid is sent against Cologne, Germany. Of the 1,047 aircraft sent, nearly 900 bombed the target area - the whole raid passing over in 90 minutes. 12px 11–12 June: First American daylight raid over European soil, against petroleum wells, in Ploiești Romania amongst objectives in Bulgaria the first stages of American Bombing offensive.
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The Blitz ended in May 1941 when German attention switched to Russia, the Balkans and North Africa. A new Luftwaffe campaign against the mainland UK opened in March 1942, with a series of low-level fighter-bomber attacks against coastal towns, many in the 5th AA Division's area, which had few LAA guns available for defence. Both HAA and LAA guns were moved from all over England to reinforce the naval bases and create new Gun Defended Areas (GDAs) including Winchester and Brighton. As well as these 'Fringe Targets', the Luftwaffe switched night bombers from target to target in what were dubbed 'Baedeker' raids.
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The area where Anglia Square stands today was part of the Saxon settlement of Northwic, which was defended by Anglo-Scandinavian defensive ditches running along what is now Botolph Street and Anglia Square car park. Magdalen Street and St Augustine's, which are two of the oldest streets in Norwich, date back to those times. During the 19th century, a Crape Manufactory – a factory which produced a fabric often worn when mourning, was built where Anglia Square now stands. The area was badly bombed during the Baedeker raids in April 1942, during World War II and the area was deemed suitable for post-war development.
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West Ukraine was LHT, but the rest of Ukraine, having been part of the Russian Empire, was RHT. In Italy it had been decreed in 1901 that each province define its own traffic code, including the handedness of traffic, and the 1903 Baedeker guide reported that the rule of the road varied by region. For example, in Northern Italy, the provinces of Brescia, Como, Vicenza, and Ravenna were RHT while nearby provinces of Lecco, Verona, and Varese were LHT, as were the cities Milan, Turin, and Florence. In 1915, allied forces of World War I imposed LHT in areas of military operation, but this was revoked in 1918.
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Norwich suffered extensive bomb damage during World War II, affecting large parts of the old city centre and Victorian terrace housing around the centre. Industry and the rail infrastructure also suffered. The heaviest raids occurred on the nights of 27/28 and 29/30 April 1942; as part of the Baedeker raids (so-called because Baedeker's series of tourist guides to the British Isles were used to select propaganda-rich targets of cultural and historic significance rather than strategic importance). Lord Haw-Haw made reference to the imminent destruction of Norwich's new City Hall (completed in 1938), although in the event it survived unscathed.
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Baedeker map of the city, ca 1914 By 1900, rural market zones in Bangkok began developing into residential districts. The Memorial Bridge was constructed in 1932 to connect Thonburi to Bangkok which was believed to promote economic growth and modernization in a period when infrastructure was developing considerably. Bangkok became the centre stage for power struggles between the military and political elite as the country abolished absolute monarchy in 1932. It was subject to Japanese occupation and Allied bombing during World War II. With the war over in 1945 British and Indian troops landed in September, and during their brief occupation of the city disarmed the Japanese troops.
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It is used as a conference venue and lecture theatre. The Museum was narrowly missed by a bomb during the Baedeker Blitz on 29 April 1942, though the explosion caused damage to the roof and the windows. The Curator, Reginald Wagstaffe, lived in Manor Cottage (a building adjacent to the museum) and was responsible for the subsequent clean up effort of the debris, during which 'seven large bath-tubs' of broken glass and geological specimens were thrown away. In light of financial issues from 1956 onwards, the YPS transferred the Yorkshire Museum and Museum Gardens to 'the citizens of York' on 2 January 1961.
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Karl Baedeker was born in Essen, then in the Kingdom of Prussia, on November 3, 1801. After his schooling in Hagen, he left home in 1817 to study humanities in Heidelberg where he also worked for a while at the leading local bookseller J.C.B. Mohr. Military service followed, after which he moved to Berlin where he worked as an assistant at Georg Andreas Reimer, one of the leading booksellers in the city, from 1823 to 1825. He then returned home to Essen and worked with his father until 1827 when he left for Coblence (now Koblenz) to start his own bookselling and publishing business.
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The city was founded by the Romans as Eboracum in 71 AD. It became the capital of the Roman province of Britannia Inferior, and later of the kingdoms of Deira, Northumbria and Jórvík. In the Middle Ages, York grew as a major wool trading centre and became the capital of the northern ecclesiastical province of the Church of England, a role it has retained. In the 19th century, York became a major hub of the railway network and a confectionery manufacturing centre, a status it maintained well into the 20th century. During the Second World War, York was bombed as part of the Baedeker Blitz.
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The monument, in an elaboration of a Corinthian column, was designed by the architect Jean-Antoine Alavoine, following a commission from Louis-Philippe: the Place de la Bastille was officially selected as the site on 9 March 1831, and the Citizen-King placed a first stone on 28 July 1831, the anniversary of the revolution that brought him to power; a hymn with words by Victor Hugo and music by Ferdinand Hérold was sung at the Panthéon on the occasion. The Colonne de Juillet was constructed by Alavoine's partner in the project, Joseph-Louis Duc. It was inaugurated 28 July 1840.Baedeker, Paris and Its Environs 1874:61f.
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Some LAA units and many 'Z' batteries also incorporated part-time members of the Home Guard. At the same time, experienced units were posted away to train for service overseas (sometimes being lent back to AA Command while awaiting embarkation). This led to a continual turnover of units, which accelerated in 1942 with the preparations for the invasion of North Africa (Operation Torch) and the need to transfer AA units to counter the Luftwaffe 's Baedeker Blitz against largely unprotected inland cities and then the hit- and-run daylight attacks against South Coast towns. South Wales did occasionally receive a raid, as at Cardiff in May 1943.
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Lübeck Cathedral burning following the raids Ruins of the merchants' quarter west of St. Mary's During World War II, the city of Lübeck was the first German city to be attacked in substantial numbers by the Royal Air Force. The attack on the night of 28 March 1942 created a firestorm that caused severe damage to the historic centre, with bombs destroying three of the main churches and large parts of the built-up area. It led to the retaliatory "Baedeker" raids on historic British cities. Although a port, and home to several shipyards, including the Lübecker Flender-Werke, Lübeck was also a cultural centre and only lightly defended.
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During World War II, between the evening of 25 April and the early morning of 27 April 1942, Bath suffered three air raids in reprisal for RAF raids on the German cities of Lübeck and Rostock, part of the Luftwaffe campaign popularly known as the Baedeker Blitz. During the Bath Blitz, more than 400 people were killed, and more than 19,000 buildings damaged or destroyed. Houses in Royal Crescent, Circus and Paragon were burnt out along with the Assembly Rooms. A high explosive bomb landed on the east side of Queen Square, resulting in houses on the south side being damaged and the Francis Hotel losing of its frontage.
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On special occasions the city is also referred to as "The Royal Polish City of Gdańsk" (Polish Królewskie Polskie Miasto Gdańsk, Latin Regia Civitas Polonica Gedanensis, Kashubian Królewsczi Polsczi Gard Gduńsk).Gdańsk, in: Kazimierz Rymut, Nazwy Miast Polski, Ossolineum, Wrocław 1987Hubert Gurnowicz, Gdańsk, in: Nazwy must Pomorza Gdańskiego, Ossolineum, Wrocław 1978Baedeker's Northern Germany, Karl Baedeker Publishing, Leipzig 1904 In the Kashubian language the city is called . Although some Kashubians may also use the name "Our Capital City Gduńsk" (Nasz Stoleczny Gard Gduńsk) or "The Kashubian Capital City Gduńsk" (Stoleczny Kaszëbsczi Gard Gduńsk), the cultural and historical connections between the city and the region of Kashubia are debatable and use of such names rises controversy among Kashubians.
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One place where they spent a lot of time was Weimar where, with friends, they were closely involved in the creation of a new cultural centre. They met or corresponded regularly with leading figures of the time, such as the artist Max Liebermann, the architect Henry van de Velde, the publisher Harry Kessler and the poets Detlev von Liliencron, Alfred Mombert and Paul Scheerbart. In 1911 Richard and Ida Dehmel asked the Hamburg architect Walther Baedeker to design what became known as the "Dehmel House" at Westerstraße 5 (later Richard-Dehmel-Straße 1). Ida Dehmel quickly made the new home a centre of activity for the leading lights of the Hamburg artists' set.
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The line achieved some fame after closure by its use in the film The Titfield Thunderbolt, but the track was taken up in 1958. During World War II, between the evening of 25 April and the early morning of 27 April 1942, Bath suffered three air raids in reprisal for RAF raids on the German cities of Lübeck and Rostock. The three raids formed part of the Luftwaffe campaign popularly known as the Baedeker Blitz; over 400 people were killed, and more than 19,000 buildings were damaged or destroyed. Houses in the Royal Crescent, Circus and Paragon were burnt out along with the Assembly Rooms, while the south side of Queen Square was destroyed.
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By October 1941 the availability of S/L control radar was sufficient to allow AA Command's S/L sites to be 'declustered' into single-light sites spaced at 10,400-yard intervals in 'Indicator Belts' along the coast and approaches to the GDAs, and 'Killer Belts' at spacing to cooperate with the RAF's Night-fighters.Routledge, p. 399. The ruins of St Catherine's Almshouses, Exeter, preserved amongst modern buildings as a memorial of the Blitz Early in 1942 the Luftwaffe began a new wave of attacks on British cities (the Baedeker Blitz): Exeter and undefended Bath were hit in March, April and May, and Weston-super-Mare in June. New GDAs were established at Exeter, Taunton, Bath and Salisbury.
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The Bangles recorded "If She Knew What She Wants" for their 1986 album Different Light. Robert Hilburn of the Los Angeles Times would opine that "on... 'If She Knew What She Wants' the Bangles' voices blend with the kind of seductive charm that you swore disappeared the day the Mamas & the Papas called it quits."Los Angeles Times 15 June 1986 "The Pop World on $25 a Month - a Baedeker" by Robert Hilburn p.60 The Bangles had spent the autumn of 1984 as the opening act on the Fun Tour by Cyndi Lauper, the singer through whose patronage Jules Shear had first come to the fore, chiefly through Lauper's hit version of Shear's composition "All Through the Night".
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's Dorniers were heavily deployed during the Baedeker raids, against British provincial cities which were less heavily defended than London, which continued until July that year.Price Aeroplane March 2009, pp. 61–62. The Do 217 squadrons had little time to recover as on 19 August 1942 the Allies launched an amphibious raid on Dieppe in Northern France, with KG 2 launching almost its entire strength of 80 aircraft in response, losing 20 over Dieppe. It had suffered serious losses of trained personnel during operations during 1942, with the number of combat ready crews in KG 2 falling from 88 at the start of the year to 23 by September.Price Aeroplane March 2009, p. 62.
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During the Second World War, between the evening of 25 April and the early morning of 27 April 1942, Bath suffered three air raids in reprisal for RAF raids on the German cities of Lübeck and Rostock, part of the Luftwaffe campaign popularly known as the Baedeker Blitz. During the Bath Blitz, over 400 people were killed, and more than 19,000 buildings were damaged or destroyed. During the raids, a high explosive bomb landed on the east side of the Square, resulting in houses on the south side being damaged. The Francis Hotel lost of its hotel frontage, and most of the buildings on the square suffered some level of schrapnel damage.
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In 1997, Mairs Geographischer Verlag, now known as , became the 100% owner of Verlag Karl Baedeker, along with all rights attached to Karl Baedeker's name and firm. The new English Baedekers produced by MairDumont dispensed with the Allianz logo in the title, with the German editions doing the same in 2013. This marked the beginning of a new era in the appearance and content of modern Baedekers under the catchphrase "Wissen öffnet Welten" ("Knowledge opens worlds"). The previous German editions had four main sections: "Background", "Tours", "Destinations from A to Z" and "Practical Information from A to Z". MairDumont added a fifth section in each guidebook entitled "Erleben und Geniessen" ("Experience and Enjoy").
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The film was shot throughout the county of Kent not long after the Baedeker raids of May–June 1942 which had destroyed large areas of the city centre of Canterbury. Much of the film is shot on location in and around Canterbury Cathedral and the city's bomb sites, including the High Street, Rose Lane and the Buttermarket. The cathedral was not available for filming as the stained glass had been taken down, the windows boarded up and the organ, an important location for the story, removed to storage, all for protection against air raids. By the use of clever perspective, large portions of the cathedral were recreated within the studio by art director Alfred Junge.
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Significant targets hit included the Morgan's Brewery building, Colman's Wincarnis works, City Station, the Mackintosh chocolate factory, and shopping areas including St Stephen's St and St Benedict's St, the site of Bond's department store (now John Lewis) and Curl's (later Debenhams) department store. 229 citizens were killed in the two Baedeker raids with 1,000 others injured, and 340 by bombing throughout the war — giving Norwich the highest air raid casualties in Eastern England. Out of the 35,000 domestic dwellings in Norwich, 2,000 were destroyed, and another 27,000 suffered some damage. In 1945 the city was also the intended target of a brief V-2 rocket campaign, though all these missed the city itself.
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Other housing developments in the private and public sector took place after the Second World War, partly to accommodate the growing population of the city and to replace condemned and bomb-damaged areas, such as the Heigham Grove district between Barn Road and Old Palace Road, where some 200 terraced houses, shops and pubs were all flattened. Only St Barnabas church and one public house, The West End Retreat, now remain. Another central street bulldozed during the 1960s was St Stephens Street. It was widened, clearing away many historically significant buildings in the process, firstly for Norwich Union's new office blocks and shortly after with new buildings, after it suffered damage during the Baedeker raids.
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In Florence, he completed the bas-relief for the tomb of the Countess of Albany in Santa Croce, Florence; the Countess' statue was completed by Luigi Giovannozzi.Italy: Handbook for Travellers, by K. Baedeker, Koblenz (1870); page 305. Also for pantheon- former church of Santa Croce, Santarelli in 1836 sculpted the monument to Giovan Vincenzo Alberti, former minister to the Grand-Dukes of Tuscany. This statue was commissioned by Giovan Vincenzo's son, Leon Battista Alberti, who also commissioned the monument to his famous ancestor of the same name, which is located across the nave and sculpted by Lorenzo Bartolini.Saunterings in Florence: a new artistic and practical hand-book, by Elvira Grifi, Florence (1899); page 286.
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As soon as it was organised, II AA Corps had to deal with the 1940–41 Blitz on industrial cities and towns such as Barrow-in-Furness, Birmingham, Coventry, Derby, Hull, Leeds, Liverpool, Manchester, Nottingham and Sheffield. The corps was responsible for large Gun Defence Areas (GDAs) around Merseyside, Humberside and South Yorkshire, and the North and West Midlands, with 'Indicator Belts' and 'Killer Belts' of searchlights in between, the former working with the GDAs and RAF Sectors, the latter with the night fighters in the air. Redeployment was called for in 1942 when the Luftwaffe began the 'Baedeker raids' on towns and cities such as Norwich, King's Lynn and York that had previously warranted little AA defence.Routledge, pp.
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The Norwich Blitz refers to the heavy bombing of Norwich and surrounding area by the German Luftwaffe during World War II. The bombings launched on numerous British cities were known as the Blitz. Initially bombed in the summer of 1940, Norwich was subsequently not attacked until April and May 1942 as part of the so-called Baedeker raids, in which targets were chosen for their cultural and historical value and not as a strategic or military target. The most devastating of these attacks occurred on the evening of 27 April 1942 and continued again on 29 April. There were further attacks in May and a heavy bombardment on 26 and 27 June in which Norwich Cathedral was damaged.
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However, 29 (East Anglian) AA Bde, which had controlled 6 AA Division's S/L and LAA units in Essex, was disbanded in February 1942 and 37 AA Bde took over its responsibilities as far north as The Naze. This continual turnover of units, which accelerated in 1942 with the preparations for Operation Torch and the need to relocate guns to counter the Baedeker Blitz and the Luftwaffe's hit-and-run attacks against South Coast towns.Routledge, pp. 399–404.Order of Battle of Non-Field Force Units in the United Kingdom, Part 27: AA Command, 2 December 1941, with amendments, TNA file WO 212/80.29 AA Brigade War Diary 1942, TNA file WO 166/7386.
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The modern locality receives its name ′Arab al-Mulk as a result of its settlement by Bedouin ('Arab) and the likelihood that the village was part of the imperial holdings (mulk) of various Ottoman sultans (16th-early 20th centuries) who owned vast swathes of territory along the Syrian coastline. The names roughly translate as follows: Arab al-Mulk being "Arabs of the royal demense" and Balda al-Mulk being "Balda the royal demense", Balda being the Arabic version of the Greek Paltos. In the late 19th-century the part of Arab al-Mulk south of the al-Sinn tributary was marked by the vast ruins of Paltos, while just north of the stream stood a large caravanserai (khan).Baedeker, 1876, p. 544.
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When the British discovered the existence of the 'Knickebein' system, they rapidly jammed it, however, the 'X-Gerät' was not successfully jammed for quite some time. A later innovation by the Germans was the 'Baedeker' or 'Taub' modification, which used supersonic modulation. This was so quickly jammed that the Germans practically gave up on the use of beam-bombing systems, with the exception of the 'FuGe 25A', which operated for a short time towards the end of Operation Steinbock, known as the "Baby Blitz". A further operational drawback of the system was that bombers had to follow a fixed course between the beam transmitter station and the target; once the beam had been detected, defensive measures were made more effective by knowledge of the course.
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In 1940 he joined the Military Intelligence Corps with the rank of Major, and worked in the offices of the War Cabinet in 1942. He was elected at the 1945 general election as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Exeter. Having been selected as a candidate, he found that the election campaign clashed with his duties in a libel case at the High Court, but his application to postpone the cases was refused by Justice Cassels. Maude made his maiden speech in the Commons on 17 October 1945, in a debate on housing. He spoke of the overcrowding caused by the destruction of 1,800 of the city's houses during the Baedeker Blitz, and called for an end to the billeting of civil servants in private houses.
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The Trust was founded in 1934 as a small pressure group with the specific aim of fundraising to buy properties in preparation to resist the Bath Bill, which was drafted in order to drive a new east to west road through the centre of Georgian Bath. As a result of victory in this challenge the status of the Trust was considerably enhanced, and it was able to propose its own agenda for preserving the city. This included restoring Prior Park's Palladian Bridge and Lansdown's Greville Monument. Following World War II damage to buildings in the city during the Baedeker raids on 25 and 26 April 1942, the Trust worked with the War Damage Commission to assist people to restore their buildings.
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Karl Baedeker writing in 1864 stated that Mainz was amongst the strongest fortresses of the German Confederation. It was surrounded by a threefold line of fortifications: first ring, the chief rampart consisting of 14 bastions comprising the citadel; second ring, a line of advanced forts, connected by glacis; third ring, by still more advanced entrenchments, erected partly by the Prussian, partly by the Austrian engineers, of which the principal were the Weisenauer Lager, the Hartenberg, and the Binger Thurm. On the north side of the town stood a vast Military Hospital, facing the Schlossplatz. In time of peace the garrison consisted of 3,000 Prussian, and a similar number of Austrian troops; in time of war the number of soldiers could be trebled.
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The largest of the streams that flow into the lake, the Savica ('little Sava'),Baedeker, Karl (1879) "Terglou: The Valley of the Wocheiner Save" The Eastern Alps: Including the Bavarian Highlands, the Tyrol, Salzkammergut, Styria, and Carinthia (4th ed.) Dulau and Co., London, p. 353, is fed from Črno jezero (Black Lake), the lowest-lying lake in the Triglav Lakes Valley. The outflow at the eastern end is the Jezernica creek which merges with the Mostnica to form the Sava Bohinjka, which in turn becomes the larger Sava River at the confluence with the Sava Dolinka. As found out already by Belsazar Hacquet in the 18th century, much more water leaves Lake Bohinj than enters it, which is explained with subterranean sources of water.
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One of these A4s, 4469 Sir Ralph Wedgwood was destroyed during the Baedeker raid during World War II. Post-war, the initially straightforward classification system for LNER Pacifics started to break down. In 1945, Edward Thompson rebuilt the first A1 Great Northern. This was initially kept classified A1 and the few remaining A1s were reclassified A10. The intention was always to rebuild the remaining A10s into A1s, however this was not done as the rebuild was not successful and they were instead rebuilt to A3s; the Class A10 becoming extinct in 1948. Instead, a brand new class of 49 Peppercorn Class A1s were introduced in 1948/9, and in anticipation of these Great Northern was reclassified as Class A1/1 in 1947.
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The old Bath Bus Station in 2006 The old Bath Bus Station at Manvers Street opened in 1958 under the control of the Bristol Omnibus Company.Curtis, C and Walker, M (2007) Bristol Omnibus Services: The Green Years Millstream Books The Southgate area of the city between Manvers Street to the east and St James’ Parade to the west was the area worst affected by the Baedeker Blitz of April 1942. The bus station was built as part of a project to replace this area of the city, where the city's main railway station, connecting Bath with Bristol and London was already situated. The bus station was located next to the city's red brick Victorian dairy, which showed lasting evidence of shell damage from the bombings.
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Karl changed the spelling of the family name from Bädeker with the umlaut to Baedeker around 1850. In 1832, Baedeker's firm acquired the publishing house of Franz Friedrich Röhling in Koblenz, which in 1828 had published a handbook for travellers by Professor Oyvind Vorland entitled Rheinreise von Mainz bis Cöln; ein Handbuch für Schnellreisende (A Rhine Journey from Mainz to Cologne; A Handbook for Travellers on the Move). This book provided the seeds for Baedeker's own travel guides. After Klein died and the book went out of print, he decided to publish a new edition, incorporating some of Klein's material but also added many of his own ideas into what he thought a travel guide should offer the traveller or reader.
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Devon was the younger child of Charles Courtenay, 17th Earl of Devon and (Sybil) Venetia Taylor, who had two other children from her previous marriage to Mark Everard Pepys, 6th Earl of Cottenham. Born the day after Exeter was bombed during the Baedeker Blitz and while his father was away in North Africa with the Coldstream Guards, it was reported that his sisters and household staff had been hiding in the cellars while his mother insisted on giving birth in the state bed rather than evacuate. He was educated at St Peter's School, Seaford and Winchester College and graduated with a B.A. degree from Magdalene College, Cambridge, in 1964. From 1971 to 1977 he served in the Royal Devon Yeomanry, retiring with the rank of captain.
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The remains of Drumcross HAA gunsite, built near Glasgow in 1941. Newly formed AA units joined the division, the HAA and support units increasingly becoming 'Mixed' units, indicating that women of the Auxiliary Territorial Service (ATS) were fully integrated into them. At the same time, experienced units were posted away to train for service overseas; in some cases they joined the 12th AA Division temporarily while they trained in Scotland; others remained with AA Command as unbrigaded units. This led to a continual turnover of units, which accelerated in 1942 with the preparations for the invasion of North Africa (Operation Torch) and the need to transfer AA units to counter the Baedeker raids.Routledge, pp. 399–401.Farndale, pp. 110–1.
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The outbreak of peace brought no dramatic upturn in the hotel's fortunes, and it again remained closed for the 1918/19 winter season. Switzerland was infected by the general European inflation that followed the deficit funding of the war, and the prices surge had an adverse impact on the economic costs of running a business.Bündnerischer Hotelier-Verein: 1918−1968. Jubiläums-Bericht des Bündnerischen Hotelier-Vereins. p. 13. There was no return to the freedom of travel that people had been able to take for granted before 1914. In 1911 the Baedeker Guide to Switzerland had advised travelers that they would only need a passport when collecting a registered letter, or when hiking in areas close to the frontiers with France or Italy.
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New rocketry and radar technologies had to be introduced, and defences repositioned to meet new threats, such as the Baedeker raids, and the Luftwaffe's 'hit and run' attacks on the South Coast of England.Routledge, pp. 398–410. In February 1944, after more than two years in the post, Whittaker was moved to command 2 AA Group, which was responsible for defending South East England. At the time the group was dealing with small-scale night raids coming over the coast heading towards London (the 'Baby Blitz') and with reorganising the defences of Southern England to cover the build-up of troops, shipping and equipment for the forthcoming invasion of Normandy (Operation Overlord).2 AA Group War Diary, January–June 1942, The National Archives (TNA), Kew, file WO 166/14621.
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In between, the regiment occupied gunsites on the Essex coast for AA Command. While in Scotland, RHQ was established at Strathleven House, Dumbarton and then Langhouse, Inverkip.Order of Battle of Non-Field Force Units in the United Kingdom, Part 27: AA Command, 1 October 1942, with amendments TNA file WO 212/82. On 1 December 1942, 86th (HAC) HAA Rgt was formally transferred from AA Command to Home Forces, and moved to Mushroom Farm Camp, Wethersfield, Essex.Order of Battle of the Field Force in the United Kingdom, Part 3: Royal Artillery (Non-Divisional Units), 18 February 1943, with amendments, TNA file WO 212/9 Until February its batteries were loaned out to AA Command Gun Defence Areas (GDAs) at Norwich, Lincoln and York, which had been established during the Baedeker Blitz the previous year.
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Bank erosion at the western end The chief engineer of the Corinth Canal, Béla Gerster, conducted extensive research on the topography of the Isthmus, but did not discover the Diolkos. Remains of the ship trackway were probably first identified by the German archaeologist Habbo Gerhard Lolling in the 1883 Baedeker edition. In 1913, James George Frazer reported in his commentary on Pausanias on traces of an ancient trackway across the Isthmus, while parts of the western quay were discovered by Harold North Fowler in 1932. Systematic excavations were finally undertaken by the Greek archaeologist Nikolaos Verdelis between 1956 and 1962,Verdelis, Nikolaos: "Le diolkos de L'Isthme", Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique, (1957, 1958, 1960, 1961, 1963) and these uncovered a nearly continuous stretch of and traced about in all.
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An article about the incident, which later appeared in an Israeli newspaper, was sent to Winifred, who wrote the following ineffable letter to Baedeker: 'Herr Heinrich Schaar in Munich sends me from time to time cuttings from the Israel Nachrichten, including this one. ... Herr Schaar appears to suspect that this was my doing or at my behest, since otherwise he would not have sent me the press cutting. In the first place I had no idea you had laid a wreath, and in the second I seldom go to RW's resting place; since it is now permanently open to the public, it is never possible to visit the grave alone. I myself never heard Frau Metzger- Lattermann in Bayreuth, but I know that my husband had a very high impression of her.
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Raids were being carried out on Exeter, Bath, Canterbury and York, and incendiary bombs were responsible for a large proportion of the damage done. These cities were deliberately selected from the famous Baedeker Guidebooks in which they were marked as cultural locations containing many places of historic and archaeological importance, and were bombed as a direct response to Britain's bombing of the historic German city of Luebeck on 28 March. In Norwich, the raid that began on the evening of 27 April 1942 was the most severe to hit the city during the war, being carried out by bombers of KG2, KG106, who were led by the pathfinders of I/KG100. Two nights later on 29 April, another raid took place, destroying many buildings in the city centre.
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The city of Canterbury was raided in the so-called Baedeker Blitz soon after the regiment arrived in the area, and thereafter the AA defences of Southern England were severely tested by the Luftwaffe's 'hit-and- run' attacks along the South Coast from the summer of 1942. The AA Divisions were disbanded on 30 September and replaced by AA Groups that more closely matched the organisation of RAF Fighter Command. 27th AA Brigade took responsibility for all S/L units under 2 AA Group covering South East England, though 8th S/L Bty was often operationally attached to 71 AA Brigade in 2 AA Group.Routledge, pp. 400–4.Order of Battle of Non-Field Force Units in the United Kingdom, Part 27: AA Command, 13 March 1943, with amendments, TNA file WO 212/83.
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The Forum which opened as a cinema in 1934, and has since been converted into a church and concert venue The Empire Hotel was built in 1901 on Orange Grove close to both Bath Abbey and Pulteney Bridge. In the 1920s and 1930s Bath's architectural traditions combined with an art deco style in buildings such as The Forum which opened as a 2,000-seat cinema in 1934, and has since been converted into a church and concert venue. The Royal United Hospital opened in the Weston suburb, about from the city centre in 1932. During World War II, between the evening of 25 April and the early morning of 27 April 1942, Bath suffered three air raids in reprisal for RAF raids on the German cities of Lübeck and Rostock, part of the Luftwaffe campaign popularly known as the Baedeker Blitz.
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Formation sign of 8 Anti-Aircraft Division, worn until October 1942. During December 1941, the regiment moved to 60 AA Bde in 8 AA Division covering Exeter, Yeovil and Portland Harbour.29 AA Brigade War Diary 1941, TNA file WO 166/2251.Order of Battle of Non-Field Force Units in the United Kingdom, Part 27: AA Command, 2 December 1941, with amendments, TNA file WO 212/80.Order of Battle of Non-Field Force Units in the United Kingdom, Part 27: AA Command, 14 May 1942, TNA file WO 212/81. Early in 1942, the Luftwaffe began a new wave of attacks on British cities (the Baedeker Blitz):in 8 AA Division's area Exeter and undefended Bath were hit in March, April and May, and Weston-super-Mare in June.Routledge, pp. 400–4.Collier, Chapter 20.
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Janowicz 2018, p.33–33 On 3/4 May 1942 when 40 Junkers Ju 88 bombers attacked Exeter as part of the Exeter Blitz of the Baedeker raids there were only three Polish No. 307 Squadron Beaufighters available to defend the city.Janowicz 2018, p.37–38 They managed to intercept and shoot down four of the German bombers that night (all confirmed kills). That month, the squadron re-equipped with the improved Beaufighter Mk VIF.Janowicz 2018, p.39 In total, Beaufighter crews shot down fifteen bombers with three probables and six damaged; the last victory was the shooting down of a Do 217 on 24/25 September 1942.Janowicz 2018, p.42–44 From 1943 the squadron was based at RAF Predannack, Cornwall, and was active as a night intruder unit over airfields in occupied France.
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The Nieuwe Kerk on the Spui seen from the east, Bartholomeus van Bassen, 1650 Though the church had not yet been built, the old canals bordering the site can be seen on this 1649 map by Joan Blaeu from the Atlas van Loon In this Baedeker map from 1905, the canals are all filled in The church was designed by the architect Peter Noorwits,Rijksmonument report who was assisted by the painter and architect Bartholomeus van Bassen. The church is considered a highlight of the early Protestant church architecture in the Netherlands. Like many churches of that time was the New Church, a central building. Unlike other central building, the church is no simple circular or multifaceted plan but there is a space of two octagonal sections which are connected by a slightly smaller proportion in which the pulpit was prepared.
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Because of his contributions to gaming, Hoyle was a charter inductee into the Poker Hall of Fame in 1979, even though he died 60 years before poker was invented. The phrase according to Hoyle still has some currency in contemporary English, meaning 'correctly or properly; according to an authority or rule'.. In British English, a Hoyle can refer to any authoritative card-game rule book, similar to the usage of a Baedeker to refer to any travel guide. Many modern books of collected rule sets for card games (and sometimes other games, such as board games, billiards, etc.) contain the name "Hoyle" in their titles, but the moniker does not mean that the works are directly derivative of Edmond Hoyle's (in much the same way that many modern dictionaries contain "Webster" in their titles without necessarily relating to the work of Noah Webster).
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Jungfrau Railway Station Eismeer seen from glacier (ca. 1909).Kaufmann had several significant alpine authors as clients. Geofrey W. H. Ellis (1862-1932), an expert of in Alpine books and prints, climbed the Matterhorn, Dom, Monte Rosa, and Gabelhorn with Kaufmann in 1906 and 1911; and from July 26 to 29, 1910, "Im Memoriam: Godfrey W.H. Ellis (1865-1932)," Alpine Journal, London (1932) W. S. Jackson, author of the climbing notes in the Canada Baedeker, joined Hans and his brothers (Peter, Rudolf, and Christian in reaching the Eiger and Schreckhorn summits. In September 1911, Kaufmann acted as guide for Joel Ellis Fischer, Jr. (1891-1966)--an author of mountain climbing and president of the American Alpine Club from 1835-57-- completing climbs of the Hinter Fierscherhorn, Gross Fierscherhorn, Jungfrau, and Mönch in one day, and the Wetterhorn, Nittelhorn, and Rosenhorn on another day.
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York Civic Trust was founded in 1946 in a meeting at the Mansion House between four residents of York: John Bowes Morrell, Oliver Sheldon, Eric Milner-White and Noel Terry. The impetus for the founding of the Civic Trust came from an increasing concern about post-war planning and over-development. The city’s medieval core, and also the buried archaeological heritage of its much longer history, were in considerable danger from the developers.The Archbishop of York, Cyril Garbett, and the Lord Mayor Fred Gaines were in attendance at the first meeting of the Trust. In his speech, the Archbishop referred to the four threats facing the city: time and weather; war (the city had suffered some damage during the Baedeker raid in 1942); commercial greed; and ignorance – especially that of “people who thought they were improving and restoring when really they were ruining and destroying”.
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Written in the past tense, the book's stated purpose is to serve as a Baedeker travel guide for an alien civilization that discovers Earth after humanity has died out, most likely by its own hands. As such, Earth (The Book) attempts to chronicle the history of the planet and the human race from the beginning to the present day, and also tries to explain human concepts and emotions such as "love" and "work" for its alien readers. The book follows a similar format to America (The Book), being written in the style of a textbook and featuring many images, including visual gags. One controversial visual gag in America was a photoshopped image of the United States Supreme Court justices nude; a similar gag appeared in Earth which was an illustration of human anatomy that featured a nude man, one half of the man depicting Larry King.
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St George's Church tower, seen in the film after being gutted in the Baedeker raids (modern photograph) The story concerns three young people: British Army Sergeant Peter Gibbs (Dennis Price), U.S. Army Sergeant Bob Johnson (played by real-life Sergeant John Sweet), and a "Land Girl", Miss Alison Smith (Sheila Sim). The group arrive at the railway station in the fictitious small Kent town of Chillingbourne (filmed in Chilham, Fordwich, Wickhambreaux and other villages in the area), near Canterbury, late on Friday night, 27 August 1943. Peter has been stationed at a nearby Army camp, Alison is due to start working on a farm in the area, and Bob left the train by mistake, hearing the announcement "next stop Canterbury" and thinking he was in Canterbury. As they leave the station together Alison is attacked by an assailant in uniform, who pours glue on her hair before escaping.
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In 1939 Hildesheim had about 72,000 inhabitants. For most of the war Hildesheim was regarded as a minor target by British Bomber Command mainly because the military potential of the industry in and around Hildesheim was underestimated and classified as 'minor plants in major industries, or major plants in minor industries'.The Bomber's Baedeker, PRO London, AIR 14/2662 However, a branch of the Vereinigte Deutsche Metallwerke (United German Metalworks) named VDM-Halbzeugwerke in the town produced aircraft parts for constant speed propellers, landing gear and aircraft engines, others were producing fuzes and tank parts (Senking-Factory), torpedoes (Ahlborn AG) and rubber products such as lifejackets and inflatable dinghies (Wetzell Gummiwerke). In the Hildesheim forest southwest of the city a subsidiary of Robert Bosch GmbH with the code name „ELFI“ (Elektro- und Feinmechanische Industrie, Electrical and Precision Engineering Industry; from 1942 to 1952: Trillke-Factory) manufactured starters, generators and other components for lorry/truck and tank engines.
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At Thebes he views the shields of those who died at the Battle of Leuctra, the ruins of the house of Pindar, and the statues of Hesiod, Arion, Thamyris, and Orpheus in the grove of the Muses on Helicon, as well as the portraits of Corinna at Tanagra and of Polybius in the cities of Arcadia. Pausanias has the instincts of an antiquary. As his modern editor, Christian Habicht, has said, Unlike a Baedeker guide, in Periegesis Pausanias stops for a brief excursus on a point of ancient ritual or to tell an apposite myth, in a genre that would not become popular again until the early nineteenth century. In the topographical part of his work, Pausanias is fond of digressions on the wonders of nature, the signs that herald the approach of an earthquake, the phenomena of the tides, the ice-bound seas of the north, and the noonday sun that at the summer solstice, casts no shadow at Syene (Aswan).
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Kasbah of Sfax, Tunisia, Maghreb A kasbah (, also ; , , "central part of a town or citadel"), or variant spelling casbah or qasbah in English, also known as qasaba, gasaba and quasabeh, in India qassabah, in Portuguese alcáçova, and in Spain alcazaba, is a type of medina or fortress (citadel).Morocco Baedeker Guide -Ingeborg Lehmann, Rita Henss – 2012 Page 214 "KASBAH A mud-brick castle that serves as a residence for the local Berber tribe is called a kasbah or »tighremt« in Morocco. Some are private mansions, others are even whole fortified villages with many large and small buildings crowded on ..." Marrakesh Fez Rabat Barnaby Rogerson – 2000– Page 65 "as its purpose, for a kasbah should be the domain of a ruler, be he sultan, governor or just a tribal chieftain. Most of the ancient cities of Morocco retain a large portion of their outer walls, but the kasbah (the government citadel containing ... "Morocco – A Country Study Guide Usa Ibp, International Business Publications, USA.
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This deprives U-boat commanders of background illumination, but provides only a very little relief from U-boat attack; as the nights grow shorter more U-boat attacks are occurring in daylight hours. :20: General Dobbie, Governor-General and Commander-in-Chief of Malta, sends a message to Winston Churchill saying "it is obvious that the very worst may happen if we cannot replenish our vital needs, especially flour and ammunition, and that very soon...." Churchill concludes from this and other "disturbing news" that Dobbie is not capable enough for such an important job, and decides to replace him with Lord Gort. :: delivers 47 Spitfire Mk. V fighters of No. 603 Squadron RAF to Malta; the planes are destroyed, mostly on the ground, by intense Axis air raids before they can affect the course of battle. :23: Beginning of so- called Baedeker Raids by the Luftwaffe on English provincial towns like Exeter, Bath, Norwich, and York; attacks continue sporadically until June 6.
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The Dams Raid was, like many British air raids, undertaken with a view to the need to keep drawing German defensive effort back into Germany and away from actual and potential theatres of ground war, a policy which culminated in the Berlin raids of the winter of 1943–1944. In May 1943 this meant keeping the Luftwaffe aircraft and anti-aircraft defences away from the Soviet Union; in early 1944, it meant clearing the way for the aerial side of the forthcoming Operation Overlord. The considerable amount of labour and strategic resources committed to repairing the dams, factories, mines and railways could not be used in other ways, on the construction of the Atlantic Wall, for example. The pictures of the broken dams proved to be a propaganda and morale boost to the Allies, especially to the British, still suffering from the German bombing of the Baedeker Blitz that had peaked roughly a year earlier.
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There were regular trains from Ashbourne to Derby. Baedeker for 1890 gives the following information: Railway from Ashbourne to Derby, 30 M., in 1¼-2 hours (fares 2s.6d., 2s., 1s. 3d.) - 5M Norbury with a highly interesting church (14-15cent; fine stained-glass) and an ancient manor house - At 7M Rocester( rail, refreshment rooms) the pretty 'Churnet Valley line' diverges to the right; the first station on it is (3½M) Alton - 11M Uttoxeter 19M Tutbury - 30M DerbyBaedeker's Great Britain 1890 (reprint Moretonhampstead: Old House Books) Once the line to Parsley Hay was open in 1899, there were six trains a day between Buxton and Ashbourne, but the expected expresses were no more than through coaches being attached to London trains.Anderson, P.H., (1985 2nd ed) Forgotten Railways Vol 2: The East Midlands, Newton Abbot: David and Charles Until 1914 it was possible to travel the from Euston to Buxton in 4hr 24min.
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In her comments in the Letters, Bosse described with loyalty and affection Strindberg's protectiveness and his efforts to bring his young wife with him along his own spiritual paths; nevertheless, she chafed under these efforts, pointing out that she herself, at 22, was not even remotely finished with this world.. Increasingly agoraphobic, Strindberg attempted to overcome his anxieties and allow his young wife the summer excursions she longed for. He planned sunny drives in hired victorias, but often the mystical "Powers" which governed him intervened. A crisis came as early as June 1901, when Strindberg arranged, and then at the last moment called off, a honeymoon trip to Germany and Switzerland. Bosse wrote in the Letters that she had nothing to do but stay at home and choke down the tears while Strindberg attempted consolation by giving her a Baedeker "to read a trip in".. Bosse with Anne-Marie, aged six months The cancelled journey was the beginning of the end.
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The operation orders to the X-Gerät stations on 14 November were intercepted but could not be deciphered by Bletchley Park in time, although 80 Wing's aircraft detected the X-Gerät radio frequencies. Addison telephoned the Air Staff's scientific intelligence adviser, Dr R.V. Jones and they guessed the frequencies to jam but the jamming had no effect. Coventry was bombed that night (the Coventry Blitz) with 554 killed and 865 seriously injured. Addison and Jones investigated the failure and the Royal Aircraft Establishment discovered from the X-Gerät equipment in a shot down aircraft that it contained a filter set to 2,000 Hz, whereas the jammers were set to 1,500 Hz. Thereafter X-Gerät was jammed by 80 Wing and the accuracy of German bombing declined until the Blitz ended in May 1941.Jones, pp. 202–7. On 23/24 April 1942, the Luftwaffe began a new campaign against the UK (the Baedeker Blitz ) with a sharp raid on Exeter, followed by a series of raids on other provincial cities.
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Encounter, watercolor, 44X56cm, 1973 Place des Martyres is the title of a series of over 250 watercolors and drawings executed in New York and Beirut between 1971 and 1974 by Nabil Kanso.Nabil Kanso: Place des Maryres: Works on Paper, 76th Street Gallery, Catalog, New York, 1973 The subjects of the works in the series are based on the women headquartered in the red-light district of Beirut city center called el Bourj, and after World War IPrior to WWI, el Bourj was called Place des Canons in reference to the Cannons placed by Russian in 1773 and France in 1860, Hanssen, Jens: Fin de siecle Beirut: The Making of an Ottoman Provincial Capital, p. 255, Oxford University Press, 2005 named Place des Martyrs French for Martyrs’ PlacePre-civil war el Bourj was rectangular shaped area measuring about 300 meters long and 150 meters wide, Baedeker, Karl, Palestine and Syrian: With the Chief Routes Routes Through Mesopotania and Babylonis, p. 279, Harvard University Press, 2007 in memory of dozens of Arab nationalists who were hanged in 1915-16 during Ottoman rule.
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With its associative dream structure, this play is a milestone of modernist drama, described by Strindberg as a lawless reflection of The Dreamer's (Strindberg's) consciousness, limited only by his imagination which "spins and weaves new patterns… on an insignificant basis of reality".. Agnes, played by and representing Bosse, is the daughter of the Vedic god Indra, descending to earth to observe human life and bring its disappointments to the attention of her divine father. The "Oriental" aspect of the play is based on Bosse's dark, exotic looks.. Yet she is also drawn into mere humanity and into a claustrophobic marriage to The Lawyer, one of the versions of The Dreamer and, thereby, of Strindberg. Shut up indoors by a possessive husband, Agnes can not breathe; she despondently watches the servant working to exclude light and air from the house by pasting insulating strips of paper along the windows' edges. Recognizably, the "insignificant basis of reality" of Agnes' marriage to The Lawyer is the frustration of the newly married Bosse, yearning for fresh air, sunshine, and travel but fobbed off with a Baedeker.
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As soon as it was organised, I AA Corps had to deal with the heaviest weight of the 1940–41 Blitz on London and cities such as Bristol, Cardiff, Plymouth, Portsmouth, Southampton and Swansea. It was responsible for the London Inner Artillery Zone and the Thames North and South AA belts, together with major Gun Defence Areas (GDAs) around Dover, the Solent, Plymouth, Bristol and South Wales, with 'Indicator Belts' and 'Killer Belts' of searchlights in between, the former working with the GDAs and RAF Sectors, the latter with the night fighters in the air. Redeployment was called for in 1942 when the Luftwaffe began the 'Baedeker raids' on cities such as Bath, Canterbury and Exeter, that had previously warranted little AA defence. Later, further redeployment, particularly of light AA guns, was necessary when the south coast towns of England were attacked by 'hit and run' raids, mainly by single-engined fighter-bombers, often evading radar detection, in what became known as the 'Battle of the Fringe Targets'.
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American service personnel relaxing in the Bishop's Palace during the Second World War. Today the room is a sixth form common room. Extensive building development was completed in 1908, which included converting the chapel back to religious use, a redesigned School Lodge and a block of six classrooms designed by Edward Boardman called the New Buildings.. To secure its finances the school accepted a grant from the Board of Education in return for offering 10 percent of its intake to places funded by central government. The First World War saw the establishment of an Officers Training Corps company associated with the Norfolk Regiment, which disbanded in 1918.. Pupil numbers grew steadily to 277 in 1930 and there was further modernisation of the curriculum.. During the Second World War several buildings were destroyed in the Baedeker raids on Norwich, while School End House was commandeered by the Auxiliary Territorial Service and the Bishop's Palace was used by the American Red Cross. Inhumations were reportedly disturbed in 1939 when air-raid shelters were being dug on the current site of the playground, previously the old cathedral cemetery. In total, 102 pupils who attended the school died in the two world wars.
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At the same time, experienced units were posted away to train for service overseas. This led to a continual turnover of units, which accelerated in 1942 with the preparations for the invasion of North Africa (Operation Torch) and the need to transfer AA units to counter the Baedeker raids and the Luftwaffe 's hit-and-run attacks against South Coast towns. Those AA units in the War Office (WO) Reserve rostered for overseas deployment were lent back to AA Command when not required for training. One of these, 103rd HAA Rgt, was moved down from Merseyside, which was rarely attacked by this stage of the war, to reinforce the 8th AA Division in Cornwall in April 1942, establishing its batteries at St Ives, Truro and Penzance under the 55th AA Brigade.103 HAA Rgt War Diary 1942, TNA file WO 166/7471. In July, the 103rd HAA Rgt was sent for a short attachment to the 11th AA Brigade (the mobile training brigade in Hampshire) and was relieved by 79th (Hertfordshire Yeomanry) HAA Rgt which had just completed training with the 11th AA Brigade.
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23 January 1942 : First US Army troops arrive in the UK. Disembarking at Belfast, the officers were the advanced party of a force intended to defend Northern Ireland and release British troops for service overseas. 5 March 1942 : The Daily Mirror publishes a controversial cartoon by Philip Zec which Churchill and other senior government figures alleged was damaging to public morale. Zec is investigated by MI5 and the government seriously proposes banning the newspaper until parliamentary opposition forces a retreat. 23 April 1942 : Beginning of so- called Baedeker Blitz on English provincial towns, mainly chosen for their historic and cultural significance; Exeter, Bath, Canterbury, Lincoln and York along with several coastal towns were targeted. Attacks continue sporadically until 6 June. 1 July 1942 : The basic civilian petrol ration was abolished, making fuel unavailable to private car owners.Briggs, Susan (1975), The Home Front: War Years in Britain, 1939-1945, American Heritage Publishing Co (p. 112) 15 November 1942 : Church bells were rung all over the United Kingdom for the first time since May 1940, in celebration of victory at the Second Battle of El Alamein.
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A traveler in 1819 remarked that during Twelfth Night celebrations in Rome the Piazza della Rotonda was "in particular distinguished by the gay appearance of the fruit and cake-stalls, dressed with flowers and lighted with paper lanterns." Charlotte Anne Eaton, an English traveller who visited in 1820, was much less impressed with the piazza and deplored how a visitor would find himself "surrounded by all that is most revolting to the senses, distracted by incessant uproar, pestered with a crowd of clamorous beggars, and stuck fast in the congregated filth of every description that covers the slippery pavement ... Nothing resembling such a hole as this could exist in England; nor is it possible that an English imagination can conceive a combination of such disgusting dirt, such filthy odours and foul puddles, such as that which fills the vegetable market in the Piazza della Rotonda at Rome." An 1879 Baedeker guidebook noted that the "busy scene" of the piazza "affords the stranger opportunities of observing the characteristics of the peasantry." Its present appearance was threatened with destruction under the French administration of 1809-1814, when Napoleon signed decrees calling for the demolition of the buildings around the Pantheon.
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This deficiency, along with numerous, seriously deficient design features — led Goering to decry the He 177A's Daimler-Benz DB 606 powerplants to be nothing more than fire-prone, cumbersome "welded- together engines" in August of that year.Griehl and Dressel, p 52 Production of the B-series by Heinkel's only subcontractor for the Greif, Arado Flugzeugwerke, would not have started until November 1944, because of Arado's focus on the production of its own Arado Ar 234 jet-powered reconnaissance- bomber at the time.Griehl and Dressel, p 165 The July 1944-initiated Jägernotprogramm, as well as the devastating effects of Allied bombing on the entire German aviation industry, prevented any production of the He 177B design. One of the victims of a German V-2 rocket that struck Teniers Square, Antwerp, Belgium on 27 November 1944 The He 177A entered service in April 1942. At this time, after a destructive RAF attack on Lübeck, Adolf Hitler ordered the Luftwaffe to retaliate with the so-called Baedeker Blitz:Price, 2005. p. 195. V-2 bombing at Battersea, London, 27 January 1945 In January 1944, a beleaguered Germany tried to strike a blow to British morale with terror bombing with Operation Steinbock, nicknamed the "Baby Blitz" by the British.
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150 cm Searchlight with AA Radar No 2. The Blitz ended in May 1941, but AA Command continued to increase its capabilities. A new 559 S/L Bty formed on 13 February 1941 at 236th S/L Training Rgt, Oswestry, from a cadre supplied by 74th (Essex Fortress) S/L Rgt. This battery was then regimented with 66th S/L Rgt on 5 May 1941. At his time 447/66 S/L Bty was temporarily attached to the neighbouring 64 AA Bde. Then a new 69 AA Bde was formed, and on 1 September it took over command of 46 AA Bde's S/L units, including 66th S/L Rgt, which was redeployed to new sites.Order of Battle of Non-Field Force Units in the United Kingdom, Part 27: AA Command, 12 May 1941, with amendments, TNA file WO 212/79. By October the availability of SLC radar was sufficient to allow AA Command's S/L sites to be 'declustered' into single-light sites spaced at intervals in 'Indicator Belts' along the coast and approaches to the GDAs, and 'Killer Belts' at spacing to cooperate with the RAF's night-fighters.Routledge, p. 399. Early in 1942 the Luftwaffe began a new wave of attacks on British cities (the Baedeker Blitz).
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