Digitization surely would attenuate the sense of nearly palpable physicality.
|
|
Pleated ceilings activate the interiors, and attenuate Houston's abundant daylight.
|
|
Shale oil in the US… will attenuate the price a bit.
|
|
The Preslars have never regretted their decision to attenuate Ricky's growth.
|
|
And they attenuate a lot — that's the amount of volume they reduce.
|
|
The team envisions building an entire fleet of Float Labs that attenuate flooding.
|
|
An economic recovery plan that seeks to attenuate the economic crisis would be implemented.
|
|
With male circumcision there is no intention to attenuate sexual desire, control sexuality or enforce chastity.
|
|
Sports bras may attenuate this jostling but rarely eliminate it, even in women with small breasts.
|
|
The star is about 700 light-years away, which would attenuate the impact of the blast.
|
|
Yet the plague did not, as you might expect, drastically attenuate the story's effectiveness and charm.
|
|
Kelly and Kornienko have been using different tools in space in an attempt to attenuate these changes.
|
|
In the drawing room, terra cotta-red Roman blinds attenuate the strong Mediterranean sun to a pinkish hue.
|
|
At some stage the influences that have pushed down yields will attenuate, even if this is not soon.
|
|
The net effect, then, would "attenuate little of the global agricultural damage from climate change," the study says.
|
|
One way to make a vaccine is to weaken, or attenuate, the microorganism while still keeping it alive.
|
|
The supplement seemed to attenuate their reaction to the particles entering their bodies, making the pollution less dangerous.
|
|
So an intervention that targets senescent cells could attenuate other aging processes as well, according to the new paper.
|
|
The final stages of the ascent, where the mountains attenuate into their crests and peaks, are always the hardest.
|
|
As important, their postcard beauty and rented emotions also attenuate some of the less palatable aspects of their conspiracy theories.
|
|
Research shows, for instance, that while THC alone can lead to paranoia, pairing it with CBD tends to attenuate the psychoactivity.
|
|
"They can temporarily attenuate the consequences of a weaker global economy, but they cannot take care of the cause," he said.
|
|
Some marginal efforts could help reduce Trump's conflicts of interest and attenuate the risk of a general unraveling of ethical business norms.
|
|
But when you're up at 60,000 feet with an airplane that's designed to attenuate the boom it can be a lot more benign.
|
|
"Maybe this is a way to attenuate effects of environmental pollutants and contaminants that we don't really have a lot of control over," Schmidt said.
|
|
This is simple physics—waves attenuate (reduce in force) faster at higher frequencies, and that's the same with wifi signal as it is with anything else.
|
|
This is just a fundamental property of radio waves—put something solid enough, such as most building materials, in front of them and they will attenuate.
|
|
"Vaccination of appropriate adults may help to prevent or attenuate herpes zoster," Zhang said by email, adding that the CDC recommends it for all adults over 60.
|
|
To attenuate that, the bureau sent in a "clean team," whose agents did not know what the detainees had previously said, to start over with questioning them.
|
|
In those two sectors, and despite the fearsome incubus of African slavery, Americans didn't just regulate markets or attenuate their inequalities by progressive taxation and social spending.
|
|
Mr. President, to attenuate these gender disparities in healthcare, I urge you to immediately establish an Office for Men's Health and sharply increase funding for prostate cancer research.
|
|
Students who frequent loud exercise studios should consider reporting the noise to the managers and making sure to wear earplugs, since they can attenuate noise up to 30 decibels.
|
|
While there are vaccines and medications to attenuate the repercussions of seasonal flu, there is little health care providers can currently do to mitigate Covid-19's devastating effects.
|
|
If a growing bulge of middle-aged workers is behind the secular decline in real interest rates, then the downward pressure ought to attenuate as those workers move into retirement.
|
|
Supposedly "primordial" factors, such as ethnicity, could not predict which countries might experience civil strife, another paper argued, because specific political institutions either exacerbate or attenuate how dangerous such social divisions become.
|
|
Microsoft could, for example, try to broaden the game's appeal by making it more user-friendly — which might attenuate its rich tradition of information-sharing among fans, who enjoy the opacity and mystery.
|
|
Even a small filing fee (say, $85033, but $100 is likely better) will greatly attenuate the use of "bots" to file automatically comments and should reduce the problem of multiple filings by individuals.
|
|
"When you allow that free rise to occur in primary, attenuate really fast and at high temperature, you get this very interesting range of fruit esters, spice phenolics, and flavor components," Barbee says.
|
|
"Before you can even get people to talk in any sort of rational, statistics-based way, of the probabilities of X, Y, and Z occurring, you have to attenuate [their] negative emotions," Cikara says.
|
|
But the report is spot-on in its mantra: The faster we switch to a world economy run on renewable energy, the better we can attenuate the consequences—stronger storms, rising seas, fiercer wildfires.
|
|
At this point, no one can say which version of events might come to pass; the event and school cancellations rolling across the US right now might attenuate transmission enough to slow the disease down.
|
|
In this new age of flames, there's a lot we can do to support the native fauna, which have naturally worked to attenuate wildfires for ages, and to make sure that invasive species don't eat them.
|
|
"It would hardly be appropriate that a cultural artifact pay homage to the very forces that cultures discourage and attenuate," Timothy Ferris, the producer of the Golden Record, writes in the liner notes in the new edition.
|
|
One way to attenuate the impact of a name you don't like is to marry someone with a name that somehow offsets yours — in my case, someone with a name that is a little more up-to-date.
|
|
But on the other side of the coin, Rick Owens cut his single-breasted blazers narrow at the shoulder, and added dangling, skinny sleeves of knit jersey tugged over models' hands to attenuate their limbs to ectoplasmic proportions.
|
|
She did not attenuate the screams of the main character, Clare (Aisling Franciosi), nor does her script sidestep the terror or her camera look away as Clare's face contorts through the stages of fear, fight, pain, and finally, defeated resignation.
|
|
" HARRY TCHILINGUIRIAN, GLOBAL OIL STRATEGIST, BNP PARIBAS, LONDON: "(A cut of) 1.2 million bpd, if implemented promptly and fully, should be enough to largely attenuate, but not eliminate, expected implied global inventory builds in the first half of next year.
|
|
"When discount rate shocks become more correlated across markets but cash flow shocks don't, long-horizon investors can still use global diversification to attenuate long-run cash-flow risk, which is the most relevant risk to them," the authors write.
|
|
" HARRY TCHILINGUIRIAN, GLOBAL OIL STRATEGIST, BNP PARIBAS, LONDON: "(A cut of) 1.2 million bpd, if implemented promptly and fully, should be enough to largely attenuate, but not eliminate, expected implied global inventory builds in the first half of next year.
|
|
"We had expected that fidgeting might attenuate" the reduction in blood flow and any subsequent acute changes in vessel health, he said, but the differences in terms of blood flow and subsequent arterial function were much more significant than they had anticipated.
|
|
So to make sure that we don't increase these divides, these inequalities in the world, we need to transform the digital technologies into an instrument to attenuate the inequality—and not into an instrument that makes more and more inequality prevail in today's world.
|
|
If you don't want to throw your high heels in the trash, then reducing the amount of days you wear them, reducing their height as much as possible, and performing the preventive strengthening and mobility exercises we described should help to attenuate the damage they're doing to your body.
|
|
The process for making almost all those drugs, essentially, involved subjecting a pathogen to every tool a laboratory can bring to bear—how to grow it in culture, how to kill or attenuate it, what chemicals to administer alongside it, how many doses to give and in what interval.
|
|
Hacker concluded his email on an upbeat note, contending that "demography is not destiny" and that Democratic leaders could work more aggressively to identify and create positive-sum solutions — pro-growth policies that both lift up the least advantaged and attenuate class-based cleavages within its own coalition.
|
|
Current research includes much that is genuinely promising—several groups have identified genes that predispose some people to obesity, and are studying how targeted diets and exercise can attenuate these effects—but the more one pays attention to the latest news from the labs the harder it becomes to separate signal from noise.
|
|
To accentuate the prettiness on the current album, they slow down the tempos, sing more breathily, foreground the painstakingly strummed or plucked acoustic riffs, and generally dilute each element until they attenuate the wires running through the machine, and the whole thing unravels into a pile of gears,poles,snapped strings, and smaller contraptions themselves unraveling.
|
|
Just $144,999 (fiat currency, not gold), buys a 500-square-foot, sandblasted, tar-coated, modular fallout shelter with a bulletproof hatch, decontamination shower, gas-tight interior doors, L-shaped entry "to attenuate gamma radiation", kitchen, bathroom, sleeping space for a family and, of course, the chance to upgrade it as far as the buyer's wallet will allow.
|
|
The effect is to attenuate and subvert host immune response.
|
|
G-CSF administration has been shown to attenuate the telomere loss associated with chemotherapy.
|
|
P. calycosus can be distinguished from P. digitalis by its purple flowers and longer, attenuate sepals.
|
|
Proper Miranda warnings did not attenuate the misconduct of the police and the confession should have been suppressed.
|
|
In this case the observation beam must pass a number of interfaces that may reflect and attenuate the light.
|
|
This, though, does not preclude the existence of a few dialectical departures, which nevertheless, do not attenuate their mutual intelligibility.
|
|
The gills are usually narrowly adnate, sometimes with a decurrent line, close, whitish, becoming grayish-cream on drying, with white, floccose remnants of partial veil on edges, narrow, 4.511 mm (0.451.1 cm) broad, sometimes anastomosing; the short gills are truncate to rounded truncate to attenuate to attenuate in steps, plentiful, of diverse lengths, unevenly distributed.
|
|
In addition, the apex of E. virgata is usually acute and the base is truncate to attenuate, while the apex of E. esula is rounded or subacute and the base is more gradually attenuate or cuneate.. Mentions of E. esula in the North American flora and invasive species literature are now referred to E. virgata.
|
|
Filaments 4-5 cm long. Anthers liner, attenuate, ca. 1.5 cm long or more. Ovary fusiform, up to 2 cm long.
|
|
Certain construction materials can attenuate cell phone signal strength. Older buildings, such as churches, often block cellular signals. Any building that has a significant thickness of concrete, or a large amount of metal used in its construction, will attenuate the signal. Concrete floors are often poured onto a metal pan, which completely blocks most radio signals.
|
|
Both aerobic exercise and strength training (resistance exercise) attenuate myostatin expression, and myostatin inactivation potentiates the beneficial effects of endurance exercise on metabolism.
|
|
Efforts to attenuate ripple from the input voltage could be in vain if a noisy LDO just adds that noise back again at the output.
|
|
In physics, attenuation or, in some contexts, extinction is the gradual loss of flux intensity through a medium. For instance, dark glasses attenuate sunlight, lead attenuates X-rays, and water and air attenuate both light and sound at variable attenuation rates. Hearing protectors help reduce acoustic flux from flowing into the ears. This phenomenon is called acoustic attenuation and is measured in decibels (dBs).
|
|
Outside the inlet, a long curved breakwater designed to attenuate tidal currents and define a basin of calm water to protect the lock has been completed.
|
|
Pharmacologically reducing serotonin synthesis, and pharmacologically enhancing synaptic serotonin can produce and attenuate negative affective biases, respectively. These emotional processing biases may explain the therapeutic gap.
|
|
The lamina is attenuate at its base. The petiole itself is amplexicaul, canaliculate (grooved lengthwise), and up to 7 cm long. Tendrils are up to 30 cm long.
|
|
More recent work concerns social anxiety disorder [e.g., 11] and complicated grief [e.g., 12], including experiments designed to attenuate cognitive biases in people with social anxiety [13, 14].
|
|
Spores brown, 35-450 um, more or less distinctly tetrahedral, irregularly areolate-lamellate, with a pellucid margin. The elaters are attenuate, 300-450 um contorted, often branched, and spiraled.
|
|
This is a positive feedback loop that reinforces the specific frequency, causing the speaker to howl or squeal. Equalization is used to attenuate the specific frequency that is feeding back.
|
|
Causing suspended animation; apparent death. Assimilation. Act of converting one substance into another, as the changing of food-stuffs into living bodies. Asymmetrical. Not symmetrical. Atrium. Atrophied. Wasted away. Attenuate.
|
|
It has a rounded-acute apex and is gradually attenuate towards the base. Up to 6 longitudinal veins are present on either side of the midrib. Pinnate veins are usually indistinct.
|
|
The anal sulcus is moderately deep. The thin outer lip is arcuate. The body and the columella are smooth. The plait is hidden behind the columella which is attenuate in front.
|
|
Fruits are approximately 15 mm long, being distinctly attenuate towards the base and indistinctly attenuate towards the apex. A dense, golden indumentum is present on the underside of the lamina, composed of short spreading stellate hairs, longer branched hairs, and even longer unbranched hairs (≤7 mm long). The upper surface of the lamina is glabrous. The pitchers and tendrils have a similar covering of hairs to the underside of the lamina, although it is less dense.
|
|
The specimens referred to as var. brachystemon (or var. stenophylla) are usually smaller in their plant structures. Their leaves are narrower, attenuate at the base, and they have a very short petiole.
|
|
The ochraceous-brown, subpellucid shell is very sharply pointed. It is an attenuate species with eleven smooth straight whorls in the teleoconch. A slight canaliculation exists at the sutures. The aperture is oblong.
|
|
Neoaganitdes is included in the subfamily Shouchangoceratinae, which are pseuohalorids characterized by rounded or attenuate "goniatitic" sutures, and most likely gave rise to the other, more prominently sculptured genera in the same subfamily.
|
|
A reverberation chamber is used to test the sound absorption coefficients and NRC of a material. The Noise Reduction Coefficient (commonly abbreviated NRC) is a single number value ranging from 0.0-1.0 that describes the average sound absorption performance of a material. An NRC of 0.0 indicates the object does not attenuate mid-frequency sounds, but rather reflects sound energy. This is more conceptual than physically achievable: even very thick concrete walls will attenuate sound and may have an NRC of 0.05.
|
|
This is useful when program material needs to attenuate in order to accentuate the voice of a narrator, one microphone is used by a chairman or master of ceremonies and needs to have priority over other mics or program material, or a paging mic must attenuate all other signals. Automixers can be oriented toward live reinforcement applications or permanent installation. Live applications typically use XLR connectors and external controls. For permanent installations euroblock connectors and tamper-resistant internal controls may be used.
|
|
Ellagic acid and corilagin inhibit TGF-β1–dependent EMT and has been shown to attenuate fibrogenesis in a mouse model. Fibrosis is also indicated in many health conditions, including skin aging and MRSA susceptibility.
|
|
ZNF217 can attenuate apoptotic signals resulting from telomere dysfunction and may promote neoplastic transformation and later stages of malignancy. Znf217 was shown to be a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target during breast cancer progression.
|
|
Africans suffer from low birth weight due to the mother's malnutrition and lack of ability to obtain adequate nutrition for themselves. Children all over Africa suffer from attenuate infections almost immediately after being born.
|
|
The size of the shell varies between 20 mm and 45 mm. The narrow shell shows a raised carinate spire. The body whorl is attenuate and closely sulcate in front. Its color is yellowish white.
|
|
On rare occasions, the auricles at the leaf base will also take on an attenuate shape and form roots at the tip. The ability of the leaf tips to root and form a new plant at some distance from the parent gives the species its common name. The young leaves forming from a bud at the leaf tip are round to pointed at their apex, not yet having developed the long-attenuate shape. Specimens of A. rhizophyllum with forked blades have been found in Arkansas and Missouri.
|
|
The length of the shell attains 8 mm, its diameter 3 mm. (Original description) This delicate, small shell has an elegantly fusiform shape. It is rather narrow, and gradually attenuate upwards. Its color is white, semidiaphanous.
|
|
The leaves are elliptical or narrow-oblong shaped, tapering into the petiole. The leaf margin is entire or slightly lobed or toothed. The leaves have a base attenuate to petiole and an obtuse or acute apex.
|
|
The length of the shell attains 16 mm, its diameter 4.5 mm. A. brightly coloured species, in shape attenuate-fusiform. The shell contains 11 whorls, with a small, vitreous, bulbous protoconch. The remainder is suturally considerably impressed.
|
|
Additionally, high capacitance develops across the glass and conducting solution which can attenuate high-frequency responses. There is also electrical interference inherent in these electrodes and amplifiers.Geddes, L. A. (1972). Electrodes and the Measurement of Bioelectric Events.
|
|
The rachis is attenuate, angular in cross section, and up to 46 cm long. Pedicels are two-flowered and lack bracts. They may be up to 22 mm long. The oblong tepals are approximately 4 mm long.
|
|
The information concerning Aratus is therefore to be read through a critical filter, allowing for the possibility that he may have wanted to attenuate his own mistakes by blaming others, or that he glorified his own victories.
|
|
The pitchers of N. eustachya bear a simple or bifurcate spur, compared to the simple and acutely pointed appendage of N. alata. Mature parts of N. eustachya are glabrous, while N. alata bears an indumentum of reddish or whitish hairs. Jebb and Cheek also compared the structure of the pitcher base: that of N. eustachya is angular and woody, being gradually attenuate towards the tendril. The base of N. alata traps, however, has a similar texture to the rest of the pitcher and is abruptly attenuate towards the tendril.
|
|
Optical wedges and reflections from uncoated optical glass surfaces are used to attenuate high power laser beams. About 4% is reflected from the air/glass interface and several wedges can be used to greatly attenuate the beam to levels that can be attenuated with ND filters. The angle of the wedge is typically selected so that the second reflection from the surface does not hit the active area of the CCD, and that no interference fringes are visible. The farther the CCD is from the wedge, the smaller the angle required.
|
|
It has an acute apex and its base is typically abruptly attenuate. The petiole is winged, up to 15 cm long, and clasps the stem. It is often decurrent into two narrow wings that extend down the stem.
|
|
Vaccinia immunoglobulin was given to patients with PVE. But some significant effects of this treatment were observed only if given before PVE developed. That is why only supportive treatment was given to patients with PVE to attenuate symptoms.
|
|
It has an emarginate apex. The lamina is gradually attenuate into a short petiole (≤7 cm). The petiole is decurrent into a pair of wings (≤2 mm wide) that extend over almost the whole length of the internode.
|
|
Two techniques have been introduced to attenuate the relaxation: transverse relaxation optimized spectroscopy (TROSY) and deuteration of proteins. By using these techniques it has been possible to study proteins in complex with the 900 kDa chaperone GroES-GroEL.
|
|
The apex of the lamina is acuminate-obtuse and often unequal. The base of the lamina is attenuate, amplexicaul, and often decurrent. Three longitudinal veins run along the lamina on each side of the midrib. Pennate veins are indistinct.
|
|
The length of the shell attains 10 mm, its diameter 3 mm. A graceful, attenuate, fusiform species. The shell contains 11 - 12 whorls, of which 3 - 4 ocher whorls in the protoconch. The protoconch is ochraceous, and beautifully microscopically decussate.
|
|
The length of the shell attains 14 mm, its diameter 4 mm. (Original description) The shell is narrowly fusiform, attenuate at both ends. Its aspect is smooth, graceful, thin and translucent. The spire is prominent, acute, equalling the aperture, milky white.
|
|
Flowers during July - November.Greeting Cards, Tropical Botanic Garden & Research Institute, Pacha, Palode, Trivandrum - 695 562. 1997 Leaves dense, fleshy, 1-1.5 x 0.6-0.8 cm, elliptic-ovate, obtuse to round at apex, attenuate at base; margins thin; midrib prominent.Exacum travancoricum Bedd.
|
|
Train noise is vehicle noise created by trains. Noises may be heard inside the train and outside. Various parts of a train produce noise, and different kinds of train wheels produce different amounts of noise. Noise barriers can attenuate these noises.
|
|
Stamens are about 4 mm long, including the anthers. The female inflorescence is a panicle-like raceme. The peduncle may be up to 15 cm long and 2.5 mm wide. The rachis is attenuate and reaches 20 cm in length.
|
|
The longitudinal ribs are nodose. The plicae are delicate and oblique. The body whorl contains about 16 oblique ribs that become in the lower part attenuate and then almost obsolete. The white aperture measures about 3/7 the total length.
|
|
Naltrexone is thought to block or attenuate opioid stimulation.Latt N.C., Jurd S., Houseman J. and Wutzke S.E. (2002). "Naltrexone in alcohol dependence: a randomised controlled trial of effectiveness in a standard clinical setting." Med J Aust 2002; 176 (11): 530-534.
|
|
Mangroves and wetlands are often considered to provide significant protection against storm waves, tsunamis and shoreline erosion through their ability to attenuate wave energy. To protect the coastal zone from flooding, the natural defenses should, therefore, be protected and maintained.
|
|
The length of the shell attains 8 mm, its diameter 4 mm. (Original description) The fusiform, somewhat solid shell becomes attenuate towards the apex. It contains seven whorls. The whorls of the protoconch are imperfect in all the examples examined.
|
|
Cortical branches develop growing downwards in the grooves between the periaxial cells and increasing the thickness of the major branch. The final branches are pointed at the apex and attenuate at their base.Bunker, F. StP.D., Maggs, C.A., Bunker, A.R. 2017.
|
|
Behav Brain Res (in press) or copulation.Meisel RL, Joppa MA, Rowe RK (1996) Dopamine receptor antagonists attenuate conditioned place preference following sexual behavior in female Syrian hamsters. Eur J Pharmacol 309:21–24; Cunningham, C., Gremel, C. & Groblewski, P. (2006).
|
|
In the nucleus, ATFS-1 has a broad transcriptional regulation as it will: attenuate OXPHOS gene expression in both the nucleus and mitochondria, upregulate chaperones and proteases to re-establish mitochondrial proteostasis, increase ROS detoxification, and increase mitochondrial import machinery.
|
|
Matsumoto RR, Hewett KL, Pouw B, Bowen WD, Husbands SM, Cao JJ, Hauck Newman A. Rimcazole analogs attenuate the convulsive effects of cocaine: correlation with binding to sigma receptors rather than dopamine transporters. Neuropharmacology. 2001 Dec;41(7):878-86.
|
|
The length of the shell attains 9.5 mm, its diameter 3 mm. The attenuate-fusiform shell has a slightly elongate spire. The shell contains eight whorls of which 3½ ochre-coloured whorls in the protoconch. The subsequent whorls are elegantly rounded.
|
|
The leaves have blades that are lanceolate to broadly ovate or elliptic in shape without lobes. The leaf bases are attenuate to cordate in shape and the margins of the leaves are usually entire or serrate, or sometimes lacerate. The upper surfaces of the leaves are glabrous or have hirsute to strigose hairs. The basal leaves are petiolate, with petioles that are 5 to 30 cm long and 1 to 8 cm wide, the cauline or stem leaves have petioles that are 2 to 25 cm long and 0.5 to 7 cm wide, the bases are attenuate to cordate or auriculate in shape.
|
|
Toussaint’s most significant contribution was the development of a vaccine against anthrax. He attenuated the live virus with an antiseptic, carbonic acid whereas Pasteur used potassium dichromate to attenuate anthrax. Pasteur based his method on Toussaint’s but did not give him credit.
|
|
The length of the shell attains 17 mm, its diameter 5 mm. The thin fusiform shell is gracefully attenuate. It is pale tan-coloured. It contains 9 - 10 whorls, of which the two whorls in the protoconch are pale, shining, and globose.
|
|
Castilleja attenuata is a species of Indian paintbrush, known by the common names valley tassels and attenuate Indian paintbrush. It is native to western North America from British Columbia, through California, to Baja California, where it grows in grasslands and open woodland habitats.
|
|
Widowed older adults show high increases in loneliness, but expanding their social network or repartnering can attenuate this loneliness.Dykstra, P. A., van Tilburg, T. G., & Gierveld, J. de J. (2005). Changes in Older Adult Loneliness. Research on Aging, 27(6), 725 -747.
|
|
The basic requirements of the field were to be able to produce a repeating sound, some way to attenuate the amplitude, a way to transmit the sound to the subject, and a means to record and interpret the subject's responses to the test.
|
|
The laminar apex is acute or rounded. The base may be shortly attenuate or obtuse, and encircles the stem for two-thirds to the entirety of its circumference. Tendrils are up to 40 cm long, with those supporting upper pitchers being coiled.
|
|
The narrower, oblanceolate, erect standards are long and 5–9 mm wide. It has a long, slender thread-like, perianth tube, long. It has 3 single coloured, style branches, long and 4–5 mm wide. They attenuate (narrow slightly) and at the tips, are toothed.
|
|
The larvae probably feed on lichen on the bark of Cheirodendron and Metrosideros. The larval case, which is coated with frass, is streaked with black, especially along its lower edge. It bulges in the middle and is attenuate to either end, the ends obtuse.
|
|
The length of the shell attains 6.5 mm, its diameter 2.6 mm. (Original description) The small, thin shell has a narrow-fusiform shape. It is subturreted, blunt at the apex, and attenuate anteriorly. Its colour is ochraceous-buff, gradually becoming darker towards the apex.
|
|
The leaves are coriaceous. The lamina is oblanceolate-linear in morphology, up to 26 cm long, and 5 cm wide. The apex of the lamina is acute, while the base is attenuate, sub-petiolate, and semi-amplexicaul. Tendrils grow to 50 cm in length.
|
|
It usually has an acute apex and is gradually attenuate towards the base. Three longitudinal veins, which originate near the base of the lamina, are present on either side of the midrib. Pinnate veins are indistinct. Tendrils may be up to 18 cm long.
|
|
The peduncle reaches 12 cm in length and 4 mm in width. The rachis is attenuate and up to 44 cm long. Pedicels lack bracteoles, reach 55 mm in length, and are one- to four-flowered. Tepals are orbicular-elliptical and around 4 mm long.
|
|
In this case, the matrix may interfere with or attenuate the signal of the analyte. Therefore, a comparison between the standards (which contain no interfering compounds) and the unknown is not possible. The method of standard addition is a way to handle such a situation.
|
|
Just like infiltration trenches, swales also attenuate, filter and clean water. Vegetation which is around the service area and its drainage system, helps to absorb harmful substances to the environment and clean water in the infiltration trenches, swales, retention basins and around the site.
|
|
Recent .45-70 barrels are available with efficient muzzle brakes that significantly reduce muzzle rise and also help attenuate the recoil. The Magnum Research BFR is a heavier gun at approximately 4.5 pounds, helping it have much more manageable recoil.Hogdon publishes load data for the .
|
|
The length of the shell attains 26 mm, its diameter 10 mm. (Original description) The fusiform shell is gradually attenuate and incrassate. it is of a rich siennabrown in colour. it contains 12 whorls, including three whorls of the protoconch, smooth, shining brown, semidiaphanous, centrally carinate.
|
|
A short instruction of the technique as well as a related method (attention splitting), which aims to attenuate the over-focusing of external stimuli, is part of a metacognitive self-help (myMCT), which leads to a significant improvement of OCD symptoms according to a meta-analysis.
|
|
The lid is orbicular and lacks appendages. An unbranched spur in inserted near the base of the lid. Nepenthes muluensis has a racemose inflorescence. It is very compact: the peduncle is only up to 3 cm long, while the attenuate rachis reaches 10 cm in length.
|
|
It has an acute apex and is gradually or rather abruptly attenuate towards the base. Three or four indistinct longitudinal veins are present on either side of the midrib. Pinnate veins ascend obliquely from the midrib and are irregularly reticulate in the outer part of the lamina.
|
|
Global carbon sequestration in tidal, saline wetland soils. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 17: 1111–1133. Arguably the most important ecosystem service salt marshes provide is to act as natural sea barriers because grasses bind soils, prevent shoreline erosion, attenuate waves, and reduce coastal flooding (Costanza et al. 2008).
|
|
In private equity, the extrapolation of past performance is driven by stale investments. State and local governments that are more fiscally stressed by higher unfunded pension liabilities assume higher portfolio returns through higher inflation assumptions, but this factor does not attenuate the extrapolative effects of past returns.
|
|
The leaflets are hairless with a narrowly attenuate apex or drip-tip, and entire margin. Petioles are some 20mm in length and slender, causing the leaflets to droop. Flowers are green in colour and in branched sprays some 20 cm long arising from the axils of leaves.
|
|
Serrula were absent. Chelicerae: rastellum formed by strong, thick but long and attenuate setae. Its inner margin had 10 or 11 small, widely spaced teeth. Its cephalothorax and femora of legs and palpi were greenish-bluish brown; patellae and the rest of its joints were orange brown.
|
|
Secondary protection refers to early detection of disease, potentially while still asymptomatic, to allow positive interference to prevent, delay, or attenuate the symptomatic clinical condition. This includes the following: retinoids (e.g. tretinoin), antioxidants (e.g. topical vitamin C, oral supplements, CoQ10, Lipoic acid), estrogens, growth factors and cytokines.
|
|
The species of the subfamily Corispermoideae are all annual plants. Leaves are mostly alternate, sessile or petiole-like attenuate, laminate, scleromorphic. Typical are branched (dendritic) trichomes (except in Anthochlamys) on young plant parts. The flowers are arranged in simple, compact (sometimes globular) partial inflorescences, or in spikes.
|
|
Vitex leucoxylon, the white wood chaste tree, is a species of deciduous woody plant with 15m height, in the family Lamiaceae. Native to Western Ghats of India and Sri Lanka. Bark is brown in color. Leaves compound, digitate; apex acute to obtuse; base cuneate - attenuate; margin entire.
|
|
In competition to the existing negative associations typical of OCD (e.g. cancer = death), alternative neutral or positive associations are strengthenened or newly established (e.g., cancer = zodiac sign). The strengthening of neutral or positive associations is aimed to weaken dysfunctional associations (fan-effect) in order to attenuate compulsive urges (e.g.
|
|
Leaves are sessile and coriaceous. The lamina is lanceolate- spathulate in form. It may be up to 10 cm long and 2 cm wide. It has an acute apex and is gradually attenuate towards the base, which clasps the stem for one third to a half of its circumference.
|
|
The first glume has one nerve and the second has three. The lance-attenuate lemmas are unequal, with the lower having a long tooth on each side of the awn and the upper tapering to the beak. The scabrous lemmas are strongly ciliate. The anthers are approximately long.
|
|
The lamina is lanceolate- spathulate in form. It may be up to long and wide. It has an acute or obtuse apex and is gradually attenuate towards the base, which clasps the stem and is not decurrent. Three longitudinal veins are present on either side of the midrib.
|
|
The rachis is attenuate and may grow to 10 cm in length. The partial peduncles, which are up to 8 mm long, are two-flowered at the base only, otherwise one-flowered. Sepals are elliptic and up to 4 mm long. Male and female inflorescences are of similar structure.
|
|
The lamina or leaf blade is obovate-lanceolate to lanceolate in shape. It measure up to 30 cm in length by 7.5 cm in width. The apex of the lamina is rounded or shortly acuminate and may be slightly peltate. The lamina is abruptly attenuate towards the base.
|
|
The apex of the lamina is acute. Margins are parallel to the midrib near the base, becoming decurrent into two wings. The wings are gradually attenuate, 1 cm wide at the top, and 4 to 6 cm long. The base of the lamina is about 2 cm wide.
|
|
Since the fireball can expand to hundreds of kilometers at high altitude, this means that a typical attenuation of 1 dB per kilometer through a fireball at mid to high-altitudes which expands to 10 km will completely attenuate the signal, making tracking objects on the far side impossible.
|
|
Leaves are coriaceous and petiolate. The lamina (leaf blade) varies in shape from linear to slightly lanceolate. It reaches up to 40 cm in length by 5 cm in width. It has an acute or obtuse apex and a slightly attenuate base that narrows to form a winged petiole.
|
|
The largest bushwillow species of southern Africa has a distinct habit and features. It has a spreading, rather sparse, roundish to slightly umbrella- shaped crown. The smallish, grey-green leaves and small, yellowish-green samaras are carried on spiny, attenuate branchlets. It typically grows to tall, but may reach .
|
|
The short gills are truncate to subtruncate to subattenuate to attenuate to attenuate in steps, unevenly distributed, of diverse lengths, and plentiful. The stem is 52-150 (5.2–15 cm) × 7–14 mm (0.7-1.4 cm), usually narrowing upward, infrequently narrowing downward, flaring at the top, yellow to white or very pale yellowish white and pruinose to finely powdery above the ring, white to yellow or occasionally with scattered yellowish surface fibrils and fibrillose below the ring, sometimes silky longitudinally striate. The bulb is 15 - 25 × 15 – 21 mm, more or less turnip-shaped, with light red-pinkish stains; interior of the bulb is often the place where wine-red staining first appears intensely.
|
|
In Mexico, this species is recommended against intestinal parasites, herpes, cough, spleen stones, to regulate menstruation and heal fractures. In Sonora it is advised in cases of goiter, chest pains, phlegm, wounds and ulcers. In Morelos it is used to attenuate the fever. The treatment includes latex, juice or resin.
|
|
Leaves are sessile or shortly petiolate and coriaceous in texture. The lamina is lanceolate and reaches 30 cm in length and 5 cm in width. It has an acute apex and is attenuate towards the base. Usually around 4 to 6 longitudinal veins are present on either side of the midrib.
|
|
Flower stem erect, as long as the leaf, solid. Spathe is lanceolate, membranous, 6-10 cm. Bractlet liner, 3-7 cm. Perianth tube slender and straight, green white, 7-10 cm, diameter 1.5-2 mm. Corolla spider-like shaped, white, linear, revolute, attenuate, long 4.5-9 cm, wide 6-9 mm.
|
|
Memecylon angustifolium, or blue mist, is a species of plant in the family Melastomataceae. It is native to India and Sri Lanka. Leaves are simple, opposite, decussate; lamina narrow linear-elliptic to linear-lanceolate; apex acute, base attenuate, with entire margin. Flowers are blue in color and show axillary umbels inflorescence.
|
|
This concept is closely related to half-value layer (HVL): a material with a thickness of one HVL will attenuate 50% of photons. A standard x-ray image is a transmission image, an image with negative logarithm of its intensities is sometimes called a number of mean free paths image.
|
|
Leaves spiral up the trunk in opposite pairs. The large leathery leaves are long and wide. The apex of the leaf is attenuate and doubly-pleated, with prickles pointing up at the tip and along the margins and midrib. The leaves are dark green on top and dull cyan underneath.
|
|
The expression of NF-κB, the transcription factor that regulates inflammatory processes, is promoted by the constitutive activity of the H1 receptor as well as by agonists that bind at the receptor. H1-antihistamines have been shown to attenuate NF-κB expression and mitigate certain inflammatory processes in associated cells.
|
|
Neural systems that regulate attention serve to attenuate awareness among complex animals whose central and peripheral nervous systems provide more information than cognitive areas of the brain can assimilate. Within an attenuated system of awareness, a mind might be aware of much more than is being contemplated in a focused extended consciousness.
|
|
As the name suggests, the lamina is spathulate. It may be up to 30 cm long by 10 cm wide and is gradually attenuate towards the base. The apex of the lamina is rounded and shortly acuminate or emarginate. Three to five longitudinal veins are present on either side of the midrib.
|
|
In the industrial or commercial setting, workers must comply with the appropriate Hearing conservation program. Administrative controls, such as the restriction of personnel in noisy areas, prevents unnecessary noise exposure. Personal protective equipment such as foam ear plugs or ear muffs to attenuate sound provide a last line of defense for the listener.
|
|
Some data supports the hypothesis that SGLT-2 inhibition may have direct renoprotective effects. This includes actions to attenuate tubular hypertrophy and hyperfiltration associated with diabetes and to reduce the tubular toxicity of glucose. Inhibition of SGLT-2 following treatment with dapagliflozin reduces the capacity for tubular glucose reabsorption by approximately 30–50%.
|
|
SDO is the individual attitudinal aspect of SDT. It is influenced by group status, socialization, and temperament. In turn, it influences support for HE and HA "legitimating myths", defined as "values, attitudes, beliefs, causal attributions and ideologies" that in turn justify social institutions and practices that either enhance or attenuate group hierarchy.
|
|
Nepenthes edwardsiana has a racemose inflorescence. The peduncle may be up to 30 cm long, whereas the attenuate rachis reaches 20 cm in length. Pedicels are one-flowered, up to 25 mm long, and do not possess a bract. Sepals are round to elliptic in shape and up to 5 mm long.
|
|
The length of the shell attains 12 mm, its diameter 5 mm. (Original description) The shell is fusiform, attenuate at both ends, ivory white, between the lirae tinged with very pale red. The spire is raised and longer than the aperture. The shell contains 7 whorls, convex, angular behind and excavate above.
|
|
The length of the shell attains 12 mm, its diameter 3.5 mm. The long shell has an attenuate shape. It is straw- colored to brown colored with sparse brownish spiral beneath the sutures and below the periphery at the base of the shell. It contains 10 whorls of which 3 in the protoconch.
|
|
The bark is grey and rough and flaky. The leaf blades are approximately in length and wide with curving lateral veins curving. The leaves are alternate and discolorous and glabrous throughout. The blades are narrowly to broadly elliptic in shape with an obtuse to attenuate base obtuse and an obtuse apex obtuse.
|
|
ReplayGain-capable audio players use the replay gain metadata to automatically attenuate or amplify the signal on a per-track or per-album basis such that tracks or albums play at a similar loudness level. The peak level metadata can be used to prevent gain adjustments from inducing clipping in the playback device.
|
|
Pedicels are long and the star-shaped flowers are wide, with the central flower being the largest. The sepals are lance-attenuate, measuring long and wide. Two sepals are typically longer and wider than the other three. Sepals have three to five veins, with a visible midvein, and lack the punctiform glands.
|
|
Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition, 37(6), 1412. observed this cross-language activation in English- French bilinguals at early reading stages only when the L2 was acquired early in life. They also concluded that the semantic constraint provided by a sentence can attenuate cross-language activation at later reading stages.
|
|
Balance can mean the amount of signal from each channel reproduced in a stereo audio recording. Typically, a balance control in its center position will have 0 dB of gain for both channels and will attenuate one channel as the control is turned, leaving the other channel at 0 dB. See also Panning.
|
|
However, because the atmosphere attenuates infrared to some extent (although not as much as visible light) and because adverse weather can attenuate it also (again, not as badly as visible systems), the range compared to a radar is limited. Within range, angular resolution is better than radar due to the shorter wavelength.
|
|
On the underside of the blade, the veins are difficult to see and anastomose (split and rejoin each other), forming a series of areoles (the small areas enclosed by the veins) near the rachis. Fertile fronds are usually larger than sterile fronds, but their shape is otherwise the same. The base of the blade is typically heart-shaped (with the stipe protruding from the cleft); the bulges on either side of the cleft are frequently enlarged into auricles (rounded lobes), or occasionally into sharply-pointed, tapering lobes. The leaf tips may be rounded but are typically very long and attenuate (drawn out); the attenuate tips are capable of sprouting roots and growing into a new plant when the tip touches a surface suitable for growth.
|
|
The leaf shape and proliferating tips easily distinguish A. rhizophyllum from most other ferns. Its hybrid descendants share the long-attenuate leaf tip, but are more deeply lobed. An artificial backcross between A. rhizophyllum and A. tutwilerae was closer to A. rhizophyllum in morphology, but still remained some lobes in the basal part of the blade, had a shallowly undulating, rather than smoothly curved, leaf edge in the apical part, showed a maroon color in the stipe up to the base of the leaf blade, and possessed the abortive spores of a sterile hybrid. A. ruprechtii, the Asian walking fern, also possesses attenuate, proliferating tips, but has a lanceolate leaf blade, which tapers to a wedge at the base rather than forming a heart shape.
|
|
The basidiocarps are medium- sized to large. The pileus of the cap is 70 - 150 (7 – 15 cm) mm wide, is convex to applanate, sometimes concave, white, covered with white, conical to pyramid volval remnants 1 – 3 mm high and wide; the cap margin is smooth and appendiculate; and the context is white and unchanging. The gills are free to subfree and white to cream; the short gills are attenuate. The stipe is 100 - 200 (10 – 20 cm) × 15 – 30 mm (1.5 – 3 cm), subcylindric or slightly attenuate upwards, white, covered with white floccose squamules; the context is white; the stipe's basal bulb is 30 – 40 mm wide, ventricose, ovoid to subglobose, with its upper part covered with white, verrucose to granular volval remnants.
|
|
An effective model for noise control is the source, path, and receiver model by Bolt and Ingard. Hazardous noise can be controlled by reducing the noise output at its source, minimizing the noise as it travels along a path to the listener, and providing equipment to the listener or receiver to attenuate the noise.
|
|
In 1987, president Raúl Alfonsín proposed moving the national capital to Viedma, in an effort to attenuate the population centralization in Buenos Aires that the country experiences up to this day. The federalization law was approved in May but proved so unpopular that the transfer never took place, and the project was cancelled in 1989.
|
|
It may be up to 18 cm long and 5 cm wide. The lamina has an acute apex and is gradually attenuate towards the base. It is decurrent into a pair of margins that extend for over two-thirds of the internode. Five to six longitudinal veins are present on either side of the midrib.
|
|
In fruits, both species are characterized by paniculate infructescence and 2-lobed fruits with distinct pedicels, but the fruits are obovoid or cordate, 1-1.75 (up to 2) cm long and acute to attenuate at the base in B. paniculata, and oblong, 2.5–3 cm long and obtuse at the base in B. indica.
|
|
The length of the shell attains 15 mm, its diameter 5 mm. (Original description) The shell is shining, nearly smooth, pale, whitish, straw-coloured, or reddish-tinted. It is, attenuate, graceful and contains 9 whorls. The longitudinal ribs are somewhat prominently twice- angled just below the middle, and obliquely flexuose, shining, and almost smooth.
|
|
Gelechia dolbyi is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It is found in Panama.Gelechia at funet The wingspan is about 14 mm. The forewings are dark brown, with an oblique yellowish white band commencing on the costa at one- fifth from the base and attenuate outward and downward to a little beyond the fold.
|
|
They are noted for being particularly thick and rigid. The lamina is usually spathulate- oblong, but may also be ovate in rosettes. It reaches a maximum recorded length of 20.8 cm and width of 7.8 cm. It is gradually attenuate towards the base, clasping the stem for half to two-thirds of its circumference.
|
|
A study of traumatic brain injuries in war veterans was undertaken to better understand the functional role of the claustrum. Damage to the claustrum was associated with duration of loss of consciousness, but not frequency. Lesion size was correlated with greater duration of LOC events. Interestingly, no consequences were shown to attenuate cognitive processing.
|
|
Fertile lemma is chartaceous, lanceolate and is long. Sterile floret is also barren, cuneate, and is clumped. Both the lower and upper glumes are keelless, lanceolate, and have attenuate apexes, but have different surfaces. The upper glume is long with pilose surface, while the lower glumes is long and is puberulous on the bottom.
|
|
ISSN 1951-6401. Schematic representation of the interaction region formed in the first moments after the collision of heavy ions with high energies in the accelerator. In short, a quark–gluon plasma flows like a splat of liquid, and because it's not "transparent" with respect to quarks, it can attenuate jets emitted by collisions.
|
|
Osbeckia aspera, the rough osbeckia or rough small-leaved spider flower, is a plant species in the genus Osbeckia of the family Melastomataceae. It is native to India and Sri Lanka. Leaves are elliptic-lanceolate, base attenuate with more or less velvet-hairy on both sides. Flowers are pink in color, show terminal cymes inflorescence.
|
|
The peduncle is approximately 7.5 cm long, 4 mm wide at the base, and 3 mm wide at the top. The rachis is gradually attenuate and 10 to 15 cm long. Lower partial peduncles are about 12 mm long, the upper ones being slightly shorter. All are two-flowered and do not possess a bract.
|
|
The third whorl shows oblique axial ribs. Strong axial ribs, not alternating from one whorl to the next, extend to the body whorl, where they attenuate. These axial ribs do not become arcuate below the suture. Each whorl becomes angular by strong, spiral lirae (12 on the body whorl), very distinct on the sides.
|
|
This species has a single, erect, slender, lanceolate-attenuate, petiolate leaf (100mm x 25mm), which has slightly wavy margins. The leaf appears from April to October (southern hemisphere). The tuber is irregular or slightly pear- shaped. The flowers appear after the leaf is already dry, from March until May, on a thin, slender raceme.
|
|
When acoustic reflex testing is conducted, the acoustic reflex thresholds (ART) cannot be determined when attempting to measure on the affected side. Also, a conductive pathology will attenuate the test stimuli, resulting in either elevated reflex thresholds or absent reflexes when the stimulus is presented in the affected ear and measured in the other ear.
|
|
Obstacles are among the biggest problems when setting up a long-range Wi-Fi. Trees and forests attenuate the microwave signal, and hills make it difficult to establish line-of-sight propagation. Rain and wet foliage can decrease range further with extreme amounts of rain. In a city, buildings will impact integrity, speed and connectivity.
|
|
Low attenuation Signals transmitted on optical fiber attenuate much less than through other media like metal cables or wireless media.M. Vidmar, “Optical-fiber communications: Components and systems”, Informacije MIDEM, vol. 31., no. 4., 2001 By using optical fiber, the radio signals can gap larger transmission distances, reducing the need of additional repeaters or amplifiers.
|
|
This competition may partially attenuate NMDA receptor and channel mediated hyperexcitability after seizures.” It is unlikely that these effects would be long-lasting, but by decreasing the effectiveness of NMDA-type glutamate receptors, high H+ concentrations could increase the threshold needed to excite the cell, inhibiting the seizure and potentially slowing neuronal signaling after the event.
|
|
The length of the shell attains 5.3 mm, its diameter 2 mm. (Original description) The dull white shell is high, attenuate anteriorly. It contains six whorls, strongly angular, and including a smooth blunt two-whorled protoconch. A strong keel angles the periphery, another less strong halfway to the lower suture, and a third margins the suture.
|
|
Knock down SIRT7 led to reduced RNA Pol I levels, but RNA Pol I mRNA levels did not change. This suggests that SIRT7 plays a crucial role in connecting the function of chromatin remodeling complexes to RNA Pol I machinery during transcription. SIRT7 may help attenuate DNA damage and thereby promoting cellular survival under conditions of genomic stress.
|
|
The flowers are arranged in leaf axils in groups of between seven and eleven. Smooth buds form later with a length of approximately to and a width of . The bud-cap is cone-shaped to cylinder-shaped. Fruits are round- shaped with a diameter of about with a descending disc and 3 or 4 valves exserted with attenuate tips.
|
|
Herb, tufted, 7.5 to 45 cm high. Stems fleshy, sparsely hairy, tapering, curved ascending, unbranched but proliferating from the base. Procumbent, ascending after rooting. Latex white. Leaves alternate, to 9 x 2.5 cm, obovate or oblanceolate, acute, base attenuate or cuneate, membranous, distantly toothed, sparsely hirsute along the nerves beneath, nerves 8-13 pairs; petiole 1 cm long.
|
|
The species is perennial and tufted with short rhizomes and erect culms that are long. Each leaf has a truncate ligule which is long, and obtuse. The leaf-blades are by , hairless and have both a scabrous surface and an attenuate apex. The panicle has a scaberulous peduncle and is lanceolate, open, continuous, and is long by wide.
|
|
Con-G does not act directly at the glycine binding site. It can attenuate both the amplitude and the decay time constant of NMDA-mediated EPSCs and significantly and reversibly affect other different properties of NMDAR-mediated sEPSCs in cultured neurons. The effect of Con-G on the frequency of the sEPSCs most likely relates to antagonizing the NMDAR.
|
|
Lamina parts of the leaves are x , narrow oblanceolate to elliptic, apex acuminate, base attenuate-cuneate to obtuse, margin subentire or crenulate, coriaceous, with glandular stinging hairs; midrib raised above; secondary_nerves 8-11 pairs; tertiary nerves distantly obliquely percurrent. Flowers with inflorescence axillary panicles, drooping, to long. Flowers are unisexual, subsessile. Fruit and seed are achenes.
|
|
ZAP70 for T-cell receptor) that phosphorylate a range of substrates, thereby inducing a signalling cascade leading to the activation of the leukocyte. Inhibitory motifs (ITIM) on the other hand recruit the cytoplasmic tyrosine phosphates SHP1, SHP2 and the phosphatidylinositol phosphatase SHIP-1. The phosphatases can attenuate the signal by dephosphorylating a broad range of signalling molecules.
|
|
The slender tree with an open crown typically grows to a height of around . It blooms from June to July producing yellow flowers. It has stout angular branchlets that are glabrous with a powdery white coating. The straight to sigmoid phyllodes are attenuate at the base with a length of in length and a width of .
|
|
The species is perennial with elongated rhizomes and erect culms which are long. The leaf- sheaths are tubular and are closed on one end with the surface being glabrous. The leaf-blades are flat, stiff, and are long by wide. They are also scabrous, with the same goes for margins and surface while the apex is attenuate.
|
|
During the trial, many truths are discovered which attenuate Ahmet's anger. As the series proceeds various dramatic events take place, in Turkey and in the lives of the characters. The political history of Turkey from 1971 to the military coup in 1980 is portrayed, from the point of view of the two families, who eventually resolve their differences.
|
|
The lamina (leaf blade) varies in shape and may be linear, lanceolate, or slightly spathulate. It measures up to 16 cm in length by 3 cm in width. The lamina has an acute or obtuse apex and an attenuate base that clasps the stem. Two to three longitudinal veins are present on either side of the midrib.
|
|
In rock blasting, sympathetic detonations occur when the blastholes are sufficiently close to each other, usually 24in or less, and especially in rocks that poorly attenuate the shock energy. Ground water in open channels facilitates sympathetic detonation as well. Blasthole spacing of 36in or more is suggested. However, in some ditch blasting cases sympathetic detonations are exploited purposefully.
|
|
Erysimum siliculosum produced trichomes malpighiaceous throughout, mixed with 3-forked ones on calyx. Stems erect, often branched at base and above. Basal leaves rosulate, often persisting, petiolate; leaf blade filiform to linear, rarely linear-oblanceolate, 1.5–8 cm × 1-2(-5) mm, longitudinally folded, base narrowly attenuate, margin entire, apex acute. Cauline leaves similar to basal.
|
|
The signal flow on a channel strip on an analog mixer generally flows from top to bottom. At the top is an input, which is typically a female XLR jack. Moving downward, the next step in the signal processing is typically a gain knob. A pad switch may also be provided to attenuate particularly strong signals.
|
|
The length of the shell attains 9 mm, its diameter 2 mm. (Original description) A very attenuate, fusiform, solid species. It is eight-whorled, inclusive of the two glassy shining apical, longitudinally strongly ribbed. The shell contains few ribs, seven on the body whorl, crossed spirally with few intersecting lirae, and between these run many fine striations.
|
|
HSPGs have also been shown to be involved in FGF cell signaling. Zhong et al. revealed a specificity of FGFs and FGF receptors on SFRP1 accumulation, demonstrating that FGF and their receptors are involved in post-translational modification of SFRP1. As stated above, SFRP1 has been shown to attenuate the malignant phenotype and decrease the growth of tumors.
|
|
Hydropneumatic devices such as hydropneumatic accumulators or pulsation dampeners are devices which prevent, but do not absorb, alleviate, arrest, attenuate, or suppress a shock that already exists, meaning that these devices prevent the creation of a shock wave at an otherwise earlier stage. These can include pulsation dampeners, hydropneumatic accumulators, water hammer preventers, water hammer arrestors, and other things.
|
|
HoxA5 is controlled, at least in part, by DNA methylation. HoxA5 has been shown to upregulate the tumor suppressor p53 and AKT1 by downregulation of PTEN. Suppression of HoxA5 has been shown to attenuate hemangioma growth. HoxA5 has far-reaching effects on gene expression, causing ~300 genes to become upregulated upon its induction in breast cancer cell lines.
|
|
It produces antidepressant-like effects in rats. However, captodiamine is unique among antidepressant-like drugs in that it increases brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in the hypothalamus but not in the frontal cortex or hippocampus. This unique action may be related to its ability to attenuate stress-induced anhedonia and corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) signaling in the hypothalamus.
|
|
Noise filtering (as installed on computers as well as many modern appliances) may help keep external noise out of X10 signals, but noise filters not designed for X10 may also attenuate X10 signals traveling on the branch circuit to which the appliance is connected. Certain types of power supplies used in modern electronic equipment, such as computers, television receivers and satellite receivers, attenuate passing X10 signals by providing a low impedance path to high frequency signals. Typically, the capacitors used on the inputs to these power supplies short the X10 signal from line to neutral, suppressing any hope of X10 control on the circuit near that device. Filters are available that will block the X10 signals from ever reaching such devices; plugging offending devices into such filters can cure mysterious X10 intermittent failures.
|
|
Their theories on the evolution of dominance had far-reaching implications for the fields of evolution, population and quantitative genetics, and biochemistry, and laid the early foundation of current understanding of human disease modifier genes. Fisher theorized that, since negative selective pressures are strongest against dominant, deleterious mutations, de novo mutations that arise are initially codominant, but evolve recessivity through the accumulation of modifier alleles at other loci that attenuate disadvantageous phenotypes. He cited breeding experiments in nasturtium and Drosophila, in which a distinct, mutant phenotype is lost with successive outcrossings, and recovered with inbreeding of offspring. By outcrossing, he argued, the breeder selects for modifying factors that attenuate the mutant phenotype, and by inbreeding and limiting the gene pool of modifiers, the dominance of the mutation is recovered.
|
|
The stem ranges in colour from green to red. Leaves are sessile and coriaceous in texture. The lamina (leaf blade) is obovate, measures up to 31 cm in length by 3 cm in width, and is around 0.5 mm thick. Its apex is acuminate and it is attenuate at the base, clasping the stem for around three- quarters of its circumference.
|
|
The others are convex with an indistinct suture. The longitudinal ribs are dense and are crossed by two transverse striae on each whorl, subsutarally sulcate and decussate by small lirae. The superior part of the narrow, oblique body whorl is slightly rounded, the inferior part attenuate and elongate. The superior part of the columella is concave, inflated at the middle.
|
|
In their most basic form, tone control circuits attenuate the high or low frequencies of the signal. This is called treble or bass "cut". The simplest tone control circuits are passive circuits which utilize only resistors and capacitors or inductors. They rely on the property of capacitive reactance or inductive reactance to inhibit or enhance an AC signal, in a frequency-dependent manner.
|
|
The length of the shell attains 10 mm, its diameter 3 mm. A very delicate flesh-coloured shining shell with oblong aperture and produced siphonal canal. This attenuate-fusiform shell contains 7 whorls, including two decussated and alveolate apical whorls. They are much impressed at the sutures, longitudinally few-ribbed, there are but seven on the body whorl, and spirally obscurely lirate.
|
|
The; ribs gradually attenuate downwards and do not extend quite to the extreme base. The latter, or cauda, is sculptured with about six oblique fine grooves. The small aperture is brown, white at the sinus and at the termination of the series of dots a little below the middle. The large sinus is deep, rounded, in the concavity, lower sinuation slight.
|
|
Aquatic ecosystems perform many important environmental functions. For example, they recycle nutrients, purify water, attenuate floods, recharge ground water and provide habitats for wildlife. Aquatic ecosystems are also used for human recreation, and are very important to the tourism industry, especially in coastal regions. The health of an aquatic ecosystem is degraded when the ecosystem's ability to absorb a stress has been exceeded.
|
|
Seymour Duncan AHB-1 Blackouts "Active" pickups incorporate electronic circuitry to modify the signal. Active circuits are able to filter, attenuate or boost the signal from the pickup. The main disadvantage of an active system is requirement of a battery power source to operate the preamp circuitry. Batteries limit circuit design and functionality, in addition to being inconvenient to the musician.
|
|
The electrical conductivity of the ground, the transmitted center frequency, and the radiated power all may limit the effective depth range of GPR investigation. Increases in electrical conductivity attenuate the introduced electromagnetic wave, and thus the penetration depth decreases. Because of frequency-dependent attenuation mechanisms, higher frequencies do not penetrate as far as lower frequencies. However, higher frequencies may provide improved resolution.
|
|
The lemmas typically have five (rarely six or seven) veins. The lemmas have acute to attenuate apices that are occasionally doubly pointed, and terminal awns or mucros. The bidentate paleas are shorter to longer than the lemmas, with scabrous-ciliate veins. The regions between the veins are smooth and glabrous near the base of the paleas and become scabrous or puberulent distally.
|
|
Leaves are sessile and coriaceous in texture. The lamina (leaf blade) is lanceolate-elliptic in shape and reaches 8 cm in length by 1 cm in width, being widest in its distal half. The lamina has an acute apex and is shortly attenuate at the base, clasping the stem for approximately one-third of its circumference. It is not decurrent down the stem.
|
|
Strong evidence has been found in support of a link between intelligence and stroke, with those with lower intelligence being at greater risk of stroke. One study found visuospatial reasoning was the best predictor of stroke compared to other cognitive tests. Further this study found that controlling for socioeconomic variables did little to attenuate the relationship between visuospatial reasoning and stroke.
|
|
Caregiver influence on emerging emotion regulation: Biological and environmental transactions in early development. In J. J. Gross (Ed.), Handbook of Emotion Regulation (pp. 229-248). New York: Guilford Press. The emotion regulation strategies employed by caregivers to attenuate distress or to up-regulate positive affect in infants can impact the infants' emotional and behavioral development, teaching them particular strategies and methods of regulation.
|
|
Cecarria obtusifolia is an aerial, stem-parasitic shrub, and like species in the genus Muellerina, it has epicortical runners. It is glabrous throughout. The obovate or broadly obovate leaves are opposite, curvinerved, and rounded at the apex. The leaf blades are 30–55 mm long and 20–45 mm wide, and attenuate into an obscure petiole 2–6 mm long.
|
|
Sometimes losses (e.g. frictional) damp the system and can cause the oscillations to gradually decay in amplitude towards zero or attenuate. The damping ratio is a measure describing how rapidly the oscillations decay from one bounce to the next. The damping ratio is a system parameter, denoted by ζ (zeta), that can vary from undamped (), underdamped () through critically damped () to overdamped ().
|
|
The lamina is lanceolate in shape and up to 8 cm long by 1.5 cm wide. It usually has an acute apex and is gradually attenuate towards the base, extending into an amplexicaul sheath. Up to 4 longitudinal veins are present on either side of the midrib. Pinnate veins are numerous but indistinct. Tendrils are up to 8 cm long.
|
|
Leaves are coriaceous and sessile. The lamina is linear, lanceolate or spathulate-lanceolate in form and up to 20 cm long by 5 cm wide. It has an acute or obtuse apex that may rarely be sub- peltate. It is gradually attenuate towards the base, becoming partly amplexicaul (clasping the stem for one-third to half of its circumference) and, rarely, slightly decurrent.
|
|
The lamina is shortly attenuate at the base, clasping the stem by approximately one-third to one-half of its circumference and may or may not become decurrent as a pair of very low ridges. One to three longitudinal veins are present on either side of the midrib. Pinnate veins are inconspicuous. Rosette and lower pitchers are small and globose.
|
|
It has an acute apex and is gradually attenuate towards the base, clasping the stem for two-thirds of its width (without a sheath). The lamina has indistinct nervation. Three or so longitudinal veins are present on either side of the midrib, originating from the basal third of the midrib and running parallel to it in the outer half of the lamina.
|
|
Form follows function: morphological diversification and alternative trapping strategies in carnivorous Nepenthes pitcher plants. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 25(1): 90–102. The lid is narrowly cuneate, without appendages, and up to 4 cm long and 0.7 cm wide. It is rounded at the apex, gradually attenuate towards the base, and bears numerous small round or elliptical glands on its undersurface.
|
|
The lamina is linear-lanceolate or slightly spathulate and up to 35 cm long and 6 cm wide. It has an acute apex and is gradually attenuate towards the base. Four to six longitudinal veins are present on either side of the midrib. Pinnate veins run obliquely towards the margin and are indistinct in the outer part of the lamina.
|
|
A Drawmer dual noise gate unit in a rackmountable format. A noise gate or gate is an electronic device or software that is used to control the volume of an audio signal. Comparable to a compressor, which attenuates signals above a threshold, such as loud attacks from the start of musical notes, noise gates attenuate signals that register below the threshold.Hodgson, Jay (2010).
|
|
However, it is possible that these mutations individually have no major effect and only contribute to the male infertility by collaboration with other contributors such as environmental factors and other genomics variants. Vice versa, existence of the other alleles could reduce the phenotypic effects of impaired NR5A1 proteins and attenuate the expression of abnormal phenotypes and manifest male infertility solely.
|
|
Hindwing: a basal short, brownish-black, anteriorly attenuate bar placed obliquely, a transverse subbasal band of four large coalescent black spots, a transverse curved discal band twice broken as on the forewing and similar postdiscal subterminal and terminal markings. Antennae black, shafts ringed with white, head, thorax and abdomen dark brownish black; beneath: the palpi black, thorax and abdomen down the middle white.
|
|
11 ed. 2008. # Shielding: Air or skin can be sufficient to substantially attenuate alpha and beta radiation. Barriers of lead, concrete, or water are often used to give effective protection from more penetrating particles such as gamma rays and neutrons. Some radioactive materials are stored or handled underwater or by remote control in rooms constructed of thick concrete or lined with lead.
|
|
This interaction is particularly interesting given the oncogenic potential (potential to cause cancer) of EBV, which is associated with several human cancers. EBNA1 can compete with p53 for binding USP7. Stabilization by USP7 is important for the tumor suppressor function of p53. In cells, EBNA1 can sequester USP7 from p53 and thus attenuate stabilization of p53, rendering the cells predisposed to turning cancerous.
|
|
Cupula is a gelatinous sack covering over hair like neuromast protruding from the skin. Cupula formed over neuromast is another feature that developed over time that provides a better response to the flow field. Cupular fibrils extend from the hair-like neuromast. Cupula helps attenuate low- frequency signals by virtue of its inertia and amplify higher frequency signals due to the leverage.
|
|
The effectiveness of bupropion is comparable to nicotine replacement therapy, but less effective than varenicline. Animal studies indicate that administration of bupropion at less than the recommended therapeutic dose may actually enhance the rewarding properties of nicotine, i.e., low doses augment nicotine self-administration and high doses attenuate it. In Australia and the UK, smoking cessation is the only licensed use of bupropion.
|
|
This can be done by changing work shifts and switching employees out from the noise exposure area. Lastly, to decrease occupational noise exposure, hearing protection should be used. There are several types of earplugs and earmuffs that can be used to attenuate the noise to a safe level. For a more detailed description of the hierarchy of controls, please see Occupational hearing loss.
|
|
It's practical in some cases to apply specialized wall paint and window film to a room or building to significantly attenuate wireless signals, which keeps the signals from propagating outside a facility. This can significantly improve wireless security because it's difficult for hackers to receive the signals beyond the controlled area of a facility, such as from a parking lot.
|
|
Diacylglycerol kinase zeta is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DGKZ gene. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the eukaryotic diacylglycerol kinase family. It may attenuate protein kinase C activity by regulating diacylglycerol levels in intracellular signaling cascade and signal transduction. Alternative splicing occurs at this locus and three transcript variants encoding three distinct isoforms have been identified.
|
|
Plumbago zeylanica is a herbaceous plant with glabrous stems that are climbing, prostrate, or erect. The leaves are petiolate or sessile and have ovate, lance-elliptic, or spatulate to oblanceolate blades that measure 5-9 × 2.5–4 cm in length. Bases are attenuate while apexes are acute, acuminate, or obtuse. Inflorescences are 3–15 cm in length and have glandular, viscid rachises.
|
|
Ear defenders and ear plugs attenuate noise to levels that cause little or no damage to the user's hearing. Non-electric chainsaws are very loud, typically 115 dB, above the recommended exposure limit of 85 dB from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.CDC - Noise and Hearing Loss Prevention - Noise Meter Flash. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.
|
|
Pea proteins are also beneficial for weight loss. Pea proteins digest more slowly, which has a satiating effect and reduces hunger, which can contribute to weight loss. The appetite-suppressing effects of peas may be related to high amounts of protein and dietary fibre, which may delay gastric emptying, attenuate glucose absorption and concentration and stimulate the release of appetite-regulating hormones.
|
|
Only ray florets are female, others are male, hermaphroditic or entire sterile. Head involucres are campanulate to cylindric or attenuate. Floret corollas are usually yellow, but white in the ray florets of a few species (such as Solidago bicolor); they are typically hairless. Heads usually include between 2 and 35 disc florets, but in some species this may go up to 60.
|
|
It has an obtuse apex, while the base is gradually attenuate, forming a canaliculate, sessile petiole up to 9 cm long. Three longitudinal veins are present on either side of the midrib. Pinnate veins are numerous and run obliquely to the laminar margin. Tendrils are often approximately the same length as the lamina; those bearing upper pitchers are often curled.
|
|
For medical purposes, X-ray filters are used to selectively attenuate, or block out, low-energy rays during x-ray imaging (radiography). Low energy x-rays (less than 30 keV) contribute little to the resultant image as they are heavily absorbed by the patient's soft tissues (particularly the skin). Additionally, this absorption adds to the risk of stochastic (e.g. cancer) or non stochastic radiation effects (e.g.
|
|
Another approach to DNA vaccination is expression library immunization (ELI). Using this technique, potentially all the genes from a pathogen can be delivered at one time, which may be useful for pathogens that are difficult to attenuate or culture. ELI can be used to identify which genes induce a protective response. This has been tested with Mycoplasma pulmonis, a murine lung pathogen with a relatively small genome.
|
|
Even today, though Germany is extremely short of oil, she has enough for actual military operations, and her people are still reasonably well fed. But after those early days we went to the other extreme. Blockade by itself did not do the trick so we put it on one side in our minds. If the early hopes were exaggerated, we must not attenuate the actual achievements.
|
|
An erect annual herb that can be easily distinguished by the cup-shaped involucre that surrounds the small flowers in the catkin-like inflorescence. It can grow up to tall in favorable circumstances, but is usually smaller. The leaves are broad ovate, . The leaf base is rounded to shortly attenuate. The leaf margin is basally 5-nerved and is crenate-serrate with an acute or obtuse apex.
|
|
The Social Amplification of Risk Framework (SARF), combines research in psychology, sociology, anthropology, and communications theory. SARF outlines how communications of risk events pass from the sender through intermediate stations to a receiver and in the process serve to amplify or attenuate perceptions of risk. All links in the communication chain, individuals, groups, media, etc., contain filters through which information is sorted and understood.
|
|
BgK and ShK attenuate K+ channels in the neurons of rat dorsal ganglia, in vitro. AsKs stops potassium channel currents that are present in Xenopus oocytes. These toxins potentially represent a new structural type of potassium channel inhibitor. Compared to the short and well-studied scorpion toxins, these anemone toxins have comparable amino acid content (35-37 residues) and the same number of disulfide bridges (three).
|
|
Does excessive memory load attenuate activation in the prefrontal cortex? Load-dependent processing in single and dual tasks: functional magnetic resonance imaging study, Neuroimage 19(2) 210-225. In the dual-task paradigm, two independent sequences are presented simultaneously, typically using different modalities of stimuli, such as one auditory and one visual. Several smart phone apps and online implementations of the Dual N-Back task exist .
|
|
Like rapalogs, they decrease protein translation, attenuate cell cycle progression, and inhibit angiogenesis in many cancer cell lines and also in human cancer. In fact, they have been proven to be more potent than rapalogs. Theoretically, the most important advantages of these mTOR inhibitors is the considerable decrease of AKT phosphorylation on mTORC2 blockade and in addition to a better inhibition on mTORC1. However, some drawbacks exist.
|
|
Digital domain parametric equalisation An audio filter is a frequency dependent amplifier circuit, working in the audio frequency range, 0 Hz to beyond 20 kHz. Audio filters can amplify (boost), pass or attenuate (cut) some frequency ranges. Many types of filters exist for different audio applications including hi-fi stereo systems, musical synthesizers, sound effects, sound reinforcement systems, instrument amplifiers and virtual reality systems.
|
|
The silver lamprey is an eel-like fish with an attenuate body composed of 49–52 clearly defined segments (i.e. myomeres, between the last gill slit and the anus). Silver lampreys possess a cartilaginous skeleton, and adults generally grow to a length of 12 inches and are silvery or bluish in color when spawning. Prior to spawning adults are often a dull brown or tan color.
|
|
HMR 1883 has been shown to attenuate and decrease ventricular fibrillation in anesthetized pigs,Bohn, H., Englert, H. C., & Schoelkens, B. A. (1998). The KATP channel blocker HMR 1883 attenuates the effects of ischemia on MAP duration and improves survival during LAD occlusion in anaesthetized pig. Br J Pharmacol 124, 23P. ratsWirth, K. J., Klaus, E., Englert, H. G., Scholkens, B. A., & Linz, W. (1999b).
|
|
There were attempts to attenuate these obstacles that consisted of lifting the water by waterwheels and water mills. The activities on salty mines were among the main economic activities and an inexhaustible work source. Some mills related to salty activities were built in order to decant the water from Mar Menor to the salty mines by using wind energy. Nowadays a few of them are still preserved.
|
|
The lamina (leaf blade) is linear, oblong, or narrowly obovate, and measures up to 9 cm in length by 2.5 cm in width. Its apex is usually acute, but may also be obtuse. The base of the lamina is attenuate and clasps the stem for around half to three-quarters of its circumference. Three prominent longitudinal veins are present on either side of the midrib.
|
|
The new antenna is divided up into two pieces within the stainless steel band that wraps around the sides of the phone. Therefore, if the is gripped in such a way as to attenuate one piece of the cellular antenna, the radio will switch to the other piece that isn't being gripped. The can support a maximum theoretical download speed of up to 14.4 Mbps with HSDPA+.
|
|
An RF anechoic chamber is usually built into a screened room, designed using the Faraday cage principle. This is because most of the RF tests that require an anechoic chamber to minimize reflections from the inner surfaces also require the properties of a screened room to attenuate unwanted signals penetrating inwards and causing interference to the equipment under test and prevent leakage from tests penetrating outside.
|
|
An AC line filter module A line filter is the kind of electronic filter that is placed between electronic equipment and a line external to it, to attenuate conducted radio frequencies -- RFI, also known as electromagnetic interference (EMI) -- between the line and the equipment. In particular, an AC Line Filter is used between the AC power line and the equipment (SMPS or an Electronic Circuit).
|
|
Some nano silver particles develop protective Ag3OH surface groups Molleman, Bastiaan, and Tjisse Hiemstra. "Surface Structure of Silver Nanoparticles as a Model for Understanding the Oxidative Dissolution of Silver Ions." Langmuir 31.49 (2015): 13361-3372. and it is thought that dissolution removes these groups and forms oxygen radicals, which attenuate reactivity of the AgNPs by entering into the lattice to form a highly stable Ag6O octahedral structure.
|
|
Lead bricks are commonly used as radiation shielding. Lead shielding refers to the use of lead as a form of radiation protection to shield people or objects from radiation so as to reduce the effective dose. Lead can effectively attenuate certain kinds of radiation because of its high density and high atomic number; principally, it is effective at stopping gamma rays and x-rays.
|
|
Midiv-1 has been demonstrated to attenuate the effects of ischemia reperfusion injury after cardiac arrest. The treatment prevented both mitochondria fragmentation and increased cell viability. Similarly, midiv-1 has demonstrated neuroprotective effects by greatly reducing neuron death due to seizure. Furthermore, the study showed midiv-1 was capable to preventing the activation of caspase 3 by reversing the release of cytochrome c in intrinsic apoptosis.
|
|
Leaves are petiolate to subpetiolate and coriaceous in texture. In mature plants, the lamina (leaf blade) is narrowly oblong and measures 15–50 cm in length by 6–10 cm in width. The laminar apex is typically acute or rounded, but may occasionally be abruptly truncated. The base may be shortly attenuate or obtuse, and encircles the stem for two-thirds to the entirety of its circumference.
|
|
The length of the shell attains 7.5 mm, its diameter 3 mm. (Original description) The inner or columellar margin of the lip possesses seven or eight close and minute plicae. There is also one minute process at the parietal sinus. It is of a graceful attenuate fusiform shell, six-whorled, or perhaps seven, but the apex is broken off in the only specimen we have.
|
|
The S-550 capsule was intended to descend under a parachute system and touch down on land, using an inert aluminum foam crush structure in the nose of the capsule to attenuate the roughly 7 meter per second touchdown velocity. The landing did not require any active controls or systems to operate safely. Emergency landings in the water were handled by capsule flotation systems.
|
|
AC927 or 1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidine is a selective sigma receptor antagonist, with reported binding affinity of Ki = 30 ± 2 nM for the sigma-1 receptor and Ki = 138 ± 18 nM for the sigma-2 receptor, and negligible binding affinity for other major central nervous system receptors, transporters, and ion channels. AC927 is reported to attenuate the locomotor stimulation induced by methamphetamine in mice.
|
|
Further anecdotal observation convinced Lotsof of its potential usefulness in treating substance addictions. He contracted with a Belgian company to produce ibogaine in tablet form for clinical trials in the Netherlands, and was awarded a United States patent for the product in 1985. The first objective, placebo-controlled evidence of ibogaine's ability to attenuate opioid withdrawal in rats was published by Dzoljic et al. in 1988.
|
|
Their ITIM phosphorylation subsequently leads to recruitment and activation of phosphatases such as SHIP-1 and SHP-1, which further downmodulate signaling pathways, attenuate cell activation and can mediate tolerance. In B cells, Lyn sets the threshold of cell signaling and maintains the balance between activation and inhibition. Lyn thus functions as a rheostat that modulates signaling rather than as a binary on-off switch.
|
|
It has commonly been confused with Euphorbia esula, a species no longer considered a permanent component of the North American flora. Euphorbia esula is restricted to certain parts of Europe and not considered a weedy species, while E. virgata is found throughout the United States and Canada and has caused significant economic and ecological impacts. E. virgata is best distinguished from E. esula by its leaves, which are 6-15 times longer than wide with margins that are (near-)parallel at the middle of the blade, while E. esula leaves are wider toward the tip, usually 3-8 times longer than wide, with margins that are not parallel at the middle of the leaf. In addition, the apex of E. virgata is usually acute and the base is truncate to attenuate, while the apex of E. esula is rounded or subacute and the base is more gradually attenuate or cuneate.
|
|
Active tone controls may also amplify or "boost" certain frequencies. More elaborate tone control circuits can boost or attenuate the middle range of frequencies. The simplest tone control is a single knob that when turned in one direction enhances treble frequencies and the other direction enhances bass frequencies. This was the first type of tone control, typically found on radios and record players from the 1930s to the 1970s.
|
|
This undershoot phase ensures that the action potential propagates down the axon and not back up it. Once this initial action potential is initiated, principally at the axon hillock, it propagates down the length of the axon. Under normal conditions, the action potential would attenuate very quickly due to the porous nature of the cell membrane. To ensure faster and more efficient propagation of action potentials, the axon is myelinated.
|
|
Adjacent segment disease can be addressed by performing cervical disc arthroplasty using a device such as the Bryan cervical disc prosthesis. The option of the surgery is to maintain range of motion and attenuate the rate of adjacent segment disease advancement without fusion. Another type of arthroplasty that is becoming an alternate choice to spinal fusion is Total Disc Replacement. Total disc replacement objective is to reduce pain or eradicate it.
|
|
4 or 5 or 6 fertile stamens, antitepalous, always exserted, hairy and glandular; filaments short; anthers broadly ovate, dilated, 2-celled or fused into 1 cell; cells introrse. 4 small staminodes, linear or lanceolate, densely hairy, enveloping ovary in an arc when in bud. Ovary ovoid-conical, glabrous, attenuate at apex into a style; stigma is small. The fruit is a large berry, a drupe containing a single seed.
|
|
This helps attenuate resonances at the gyroscopic frequencies of journal bearings (sometimes called conical or rocking modes). It is very difficult to make a mechanical bearing which is atomically smooth and round; and mechanical bearings deform in high-speed operation due to centripetal force. In contrast, fluid bearings self-correct for minor imperfections and slight deformations. Fluid bearings are typically quieter and smoother (more consistent friction) than rolling-element bearings.
|
|
People with kidney failure are often malnourished, which may contribute to gynecomastia development. Dialysis may attenuate malnutrition of kidney failure. Additionally, many kidney failure patients experience a hormonal imbalance due to the suppression of testosterone production and testicular damage from high levels of urea also known as uremia-associated hypogonadism. In individuals with liver failure or cirrhosis, the liver's ability to properly metabolize hormones such as estrogen may be impaired.
|
|
Justy is also an esper with remarkable powers. He is able to moderate his psychic forces by the use of the headband that he wears. With this device, which acts only as a psychic damper, he can finely attenuate his powers to prevent collateral damage. Viz translated part of the manga into English and released nine out-of-order issues in North America between December 6, 1988 and April 4, 1989.
|
|
The interaction of the CNS and immune system are fairly well known. Burn-induced organ dysfunction using vagus nerve stimulation has been found to attenuate organ and serum cytokine levels. Burns generally induce abacterial cytokine generation and perhaps parasympathetic stimulation after burns would decrease cardiodepressive mediator generation. Multiple groups have produced experimental evidence that support proinflammatory cytokine production being the central element of the burn-induced stress response.
|
|
Spiral antennas transmit circularly polarized radio waves, and will receive linearly polarized waves in any orientation, but will drastically attenuate circularly polarized signals received with the opposite-rotation. A spiral antenna will reject circularly polarized waves of one type, while receiving perfectly well waves having the other polarization. One application of spiral antennas is wide-band communications. Another application of spiral antennas is monitoring of the frequency spectrum.
|
|
PDE4 hydrolyzes cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) to inactive adenosine monophosphate (AMP). Inhibition of PDE4 blocks hydrolysis of cAMP thereby increasing levels of cAMP within cells. cAMP suppresses the activity of immune and inflammatory cells. PDE4 inhibition in an induced chronic lung disease murine model was shown to have anti-inflammatory properties, attenuate pulmonary fibrin deposition and vascular alveolar leakage, and prolong survival in hyperoxia- induced neonatal lung injury.
|
|
HoxA3 induces endothelial cell (EC) migration by upregulating MMP14 and uPAR. Conversely, HoxD10 and HoxA5 have the opposite effect of suppressing EC migration and angiogenesis, and stabilizing adherens junctions by upregulating TIMP1/downregulating uPAR and MMP14, and by upregulating Tsp2/downregulating VEGFR2, Efna1, Hif1alpha and COX-2, respectively. HoxA5 also upregulates the tumor suppressor p53 and Akt1 by downregulation of PTEN. Suppression of HoxA5 has been shown to attenuate hemangioma growth.
|
|
PDE4 inhibition is also known to attenuate ethanol seeking and consumption in rats, hence suggesting its possible utility in the treatment of alcohol dependence. A few different lines of evidence suggests the therapeutic utility in the treatment of brain tumours. The clinical development of PDE4 inhibitors has been hampered by their potent emetic effects, which appear to be related to their inhibition of PDE4D which is expressed in the area postrema.
|
|
The lamina or leaf blade is obovate-oblong in shape and measures up to 15 cm in length by 6 cm in width. Its apex is acute to obtuse and may even be slightly peltate. The base of the lamina is gradually attenuate towards the petiole. The petiole (≤4 cm long) is grooved lengthwise and bears a pair of narrow wings that form a semi-amplexicaul sheath around the stem.
|
|
Commonly used hypnotics include thiopental, propofol and etomidate. The neuromuscular blocking agents paralyze all of the skeletal muscles, most notably and importantly in the oropharynx, larynx, and diaphragm. Opioids such as fentanyl may be given to attenuate the responses to the intubation process (accelerated heart rate and increased intracranial pressure). This is supposed to have advantages in patients with ischemic heart disease and those with brain injury (e.g.
|
|
Irradiation is used in diagnostic imaging, cancer therapy and blood transfusion."Information for patients needing irradiated blood" by National Blood Service In 2011 researchers found that irradiation was successful in the novel theranostic technique involving co-treatment with heptamethine dyes to elucidate tumor cells and attenuate their growth with minimal side effects.Tan X, Luo S, Wang D, et al. A NIR heptamethine Dye with intrinsic cancer targeting, imaging and photosynthesizing properties.
|
|
The leaves are arranged oppositely on the stems and 5 to 10 cm long. The leaf petioles are semiamplexicaul (the bases wrapping half way around the stem) with the basal leaves having blades oblong-elliptic in shape, measuring 10 cm long and 2.5 cm wide (though variation exists in cultivated forms). The leaf margins are crenulate but covered with dense hairs, the leaf apexes attenuate, gradually narrowing to a rounded point.
|
|
The sound engineer can increase the level of a microphone or guitar pickup until feedback occurs. The engineer can then attenuate the relevant frequency on an equalizer preventing feedback at that frequency but allowing sufficient volume at other frequencies. Many professional sound engineers can identify feedback frequencies by ear but others use a real time analyzer to identify the ringing frequency. To avoid feedback, automatic anti-feedback devices can be used.
|
|
A major use of noise weighting is in the measurement of residual noise in audio equipment, usually present as hiss or hum in quiet moments of programme material. The purpose of weighting here is to emphasise the parts of the audible spectrum that ears perceive most readily, and attenuate the parts that contribute less to perception of loudness, in order to get a measured figure that correlates well with subjective effect.
|
|
In addition, PDV has an inherently higher resolution than PIV (where small image subregions are used to determine the velocity typically 16 x 16 pixels) and a velocity measurement may be obtained for each pixel within the flow image. However, particularly in the case of instantaneous measurement using PDV, some pixel binning is used to attenuate the deleterious effects of laser speckle and improve the Signal-to-Noise ratio.
|
|
Curcumin also has chemo preventative and anti-cancer effects., and it has been shown to attenuate oxidative stress and renal dysfunction in diabetic animals with chronic use. Curcumin's mechanism of action is anti-inflammatory; it inhibits the nuclear transcriptional activator kappa B (NF-KB) that is activated whenever there is inflammatory response. NF-kB has two regulatory factors, IkB and GSK-3, which suggests curcumin directly binds and inhibits GSK-3B.
|
|
Dyschoriste oblongifolia is a herbaceous, rhizomatous, perennial plant growing 10–50 cm (4–20 in) tall. Stems and foliage are mostly hairless. Leaves are arranged opposite, with an entire or undulate margin, an obtuse or acute tip, a cuneate or attenuate base, and a hairy surface. D. oblongifolia produces flowers that are subsessile and either solitary or clusters on the stem with bracts that appear similar to the leaves.
|
|
Coral reefs protect shorelines by absorbing wave energy, and many small islands would not exist without reefs. Coral reefs can reduce wave energy by 97%, helping to prevent loss of life and property damage. Coastlines protected by coral reefs are also more stable in terms of erosion than those without. Reefs can attenuate waves as well as or better than artificial structures designed for coastal defence such as breakwaters.
|
|
Another application is as stop band device for surface wave propagation along the interface. This is because surface waves are a created as a consequence of an interface between two media having dissimilar refractive indices. Depending on the application of the system that includes the two media, there may be a need to attenuate surface waves or utilize them. An FSS based metamaterial employs a (miniature) model of equivalent LC circuitry.
|
|
Dissipative silencers attenuate sound by transferring sound energy to heat. Dissipative silencers are used when broadband attenuation with low pressure drop is desired. In typical ductwork, high frequencies propagate down the duct as a beam, and minimally interact with the outer, lined edges. Sound attenuators with baffles that break the line of sight or elbow attenuators with a bend provide better high frequency attenuation than conventional lined ductwork.
|
|
Ferrite sheath current filters consist of a ferrite sleeve around the line or cable bundle. These are common mode chokes, damping high-frequency common-mode noise on cables. They block to high- frequency common-mode currents above about 50 MHz and affect the signal and the ground connection is not in terms of their Low frequency properties or protective function. Ferrite sheath current filters cannot effectively attenuate ground loop noise.
|
|
The shell contains about 12 whorls. These are angulate in the middle and show obliquely nodular plicae (these are more attenuate in the lower portions). The whorls are concave above and subconvex below. In the body whorl there is a slight convexity or rounded ridge just below the suture and above the excavation, below which occur the oblique nodose plications which gradually diminish in strength as the aperture is approached.
|
|
Its job is to attenuate the frequencies above that limit. Finally, based on the characteristics of the filter, one chooses a sample-rate (and corresponding Nyquist frequency) that will provide an acceptably small amount of aliasing. In applications where the sample-rate is pre-determined, the filter is chosen based on the Nyquist frequency, rather than vice versa. For example, audio CDs have a sampling rate of 44100 samples/sec.
|
|
The shrub typically grows to a height of . It has ribbed glabrous branchlets with new shoots that are minutely woolly and with caducous stipules with a length of . The pungent linear green phyllodes are attenuate at both ends and commonly inequilateral and have a length of and a width of with two or three main nerves per face. It blooms from August to September and produces yellow flowers.
|
|
Jeff Mannes writes that carnism is rooted in a paradox between most people's values and actions: they oppose harming animals, and yet eat them. He argues that this conflict leads to cognitive dissonance, which people attempt to attenuate through psychic numbing. The apparent conflict between caring about animals and embracing diets which require them to be harmed has been termed the "meat paradox".Loughnan, Steve; Bastian, Brock; Haslam, Nick (2014).
|
|
The body of the headwater chub is thick and chunky to streamlined but not markedly attenuate. The maximum size of the male fish is about 50 cm females are about 10–18 cm total length. The coloration of the fish is dark olive-gray or brown above, with a silver side, and white below. The longitudinal stripes are often diffuse, and are rarely with dark dorsal-lateral blotches.
|
|
It contains a poorly developed pseudostem and can contain 2 to 7 leaves on each shoot. The leaves are obliquely and narrowly obovate, they are arranged distichously. There are small hairs on the apex and near the midrib on the bottom side of its leaves, other than these small hairs the leaves are glabrous on both sides. The apex of the leaves are acute and the base is attenuate.
|
|
The first crash of Luxembourg's financial history shook the public. Several people went as far as burning the notes of the Banque nationale in the Place d’Armes in Luxembourg City. In order to attenuate the social consequences, the government decided to reimburse the holders of the collapsed bank's notes. In order to meet these expenses, the government was forced to take out a loan of three million francs.
|
|
Indirect methods such as membrane hyperpolarization may help limit the cytotoxic depolarizing effects of Aβ channels. Potassium ATP channel activation has been demonstrated to attenuate Ca2+ influx and reduce oxidative stress in neurons, as well as to improve memory and reduce Aβ and tau pathology in a transgenic AD mouse model. Similarly, drugs that block voltage-gated Ca2+ channels have also been shown to protect neurons from Aβ toxicity.
|
|
Rozza: October 2012 The plants also attenuate noise.DNews: 2011 The design was tested in a wind tunnel to ensure the trees would not topple from gusts of wind.Stella: June 2009 Botanists and horticulturalists were consulted by the engineering team to ensure that the structure could bear the load imposed by the plants.Woodward: October 2011Stella: June 2009 The steel- reinforced concrete balconies are designed to be 28 cm thick, with 1.30 metre parapets.
|
|
Another example is schizophrenia, the risk for which may be considerably reduced in a healthy family environment (Tienari et al., 2004). It is also argued that this augmented understanding of etiology will lead to better remediation and rehabilitation strategies through an understanding of the different levels in the causal process where one can intervene. It may be that non-organic interventions, like cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), better attenuate disorders alone or in conjunction with drugs.
|
|
This composite armour utilized layers of ceramics and other materials to help attenuate the effects of HEAT munitions. Another threat came by way of the widespread use of helicopters in battle. Before the advent of helicopters, armour was heavily concentrated to the front of the tank. This new threat caused designs to distribute armour on all sides of the tank (also having the effect of protecting the vehicle's occupants from nuclear explosion radiation).
|
|
In a highly seasoned restaurant meal, intakes as high as 5000 mg or more may be possible (Yang et al. 1997). When very large doses of MSG (>5 g MSG in a bolus dose) are ingested, plasma glutamate concentration will significantly increase. However, the concentration typically returns to normal within two hours. In general, foods providing metabolizable carbohydrate significantly attenuate peak plasma glutamate levels at doses up to 150 mg/kg body weight.
|
|
MPP+ and its precursor MPTP are widely used in animal models of Parkinson's disease to irreversibly induce the disease. Excellent selectivity and dose control can be achieved by injecting the compound directly into cell types of interest. Most modern studies use rats as a model system, and much research is directed at identifying compounds that can attenuate or reverse the effects of MPP+. Commonly studied compounds include various MAO inhibitors and general antioxidants.
|
|
Most of the circuitry built inside of an FPGA is synchronous circuitry that requires a clock signal. FPGAs contain dedicated global and regional routing networks for clock and reset so they can be delivered with minimal skew. Also, FPGAs generally contain analog PLL and/or DLL components to synthesize new clock frequencies as well as attenuate jitter. Complex designs can use multiple clocks with different frequency and phase relationships, each forming separate clock domains.
|
|
Acontias albigularis, the white-throated legless skink, is a species of lizard in the family Scincidae. It is endemic to South Africa. Diagnosis. A medium sized legless skink assigned to the genus Acontias (part) based on the body being moderately attenuate, snout not strongly acutely angled, movable eyelids present, lower eyelid immovable, and overall genetic placement. Distinguished from A. jappi, A. kgalagadi, A. lineatus (previously included in Typhlosaurus), and A. schmitzi in possessing moveable eyelids.
|
|
This phenomenon is a kind of resonance and will tend to attenuate any signal fed into the line. When this resonance effect is combined with some sort of active feedback mechanism and power input, it is possible to set up an oscillation which can be used to generate periodic acoustic signals such as musical notes (e.g. in an organ pipe). The application of transmission line theory is however seldom used in acoustics.
|
|
The experience gave him a lasting dislike for authoritarian rule and monarchy, and it helped make Mosaddegh a dedicated advocate of complete oil nationalization in Iran. Reza Shah attempted to attenuate the power of the colonial forces in Iran, and was successful to a large extent. However, he also needed them to help modernize the country. He did so by balancing the influence of various colonial powers, including that of Britain and Germany.
|
|
Erect shrub up to 2 m high with slender branches. Leaves 3.5-7 x 0.5–3 cm, alternate, narrowly to broadly lanceolate, entire, glabrous, acute, attenuate at the base, erect to erectopatent, evergreen. Inflorescences in dense globular heads with tomentose to glabrescent ovate axillary bracts, with densely long ciliate margins. Heads often less than 1.5 cm across, often crowded towards the tips of the stems, pale powder blue or whitish, hermaphrodite and zygomorphic.
|
|
The Pleistocene period, dominated by repeated glaciations, developed out of more stable conditions in the Miocene and Pliocene climate. Holocene climate has been relatively stable. All of these changes complicate the task of looking for cyclical behavior in the climate. Positive feedback, negative feedback, and ecological inertia from the land-ocean-atmosphere system often attenuate or reverse smaller effects, whether from orbital forcings, solar variations or changes in concentrations of greenhouse gases.
|
|
The objectivity of the analysis departs from moral considerations and moralistic views. The Ministry of Justice specifically cited that sexual orientation does not aggravate the rating and that, in fact, showing material of respect and encouragement to diversity can attenuate the rating. They also specified that their job is to give an advisory rating for parents, therefore, they do not have any legal right to ban, demand cuts or refuse to rate any work.
|
|
Despite the crisis, the Thorn government achieved part of its social programme. In 1975, it introduced a fifth week of paid holiday, and made the sliding-scale of salaries and benefits generally applicable. The other part of its social policy was the fight against unemployment. To attenuate the effects the restructuring, the government took a number of measures: reorganising the Employment Administration, reform of the system of unemployment benefits, and creation of an Unemployment Fund.
|
|
In theory, progestins may be expected to attenuate ospemifene's effects on endometrial thickening. However clinical trials confirming this have not been conducted. Like estrogens, ospemifene also may increase the risk for cardiovascular events, including "stroke, coronary heart disease, venous thromboembolism," and others. The risk of thrombotic and hemorrhagic strokes is given as 0.72 and 1.45 per 1,000 women, while that of deep vein thrombosis is estimated to be 1.45 per 1,000 women.
|
|
Typhlosaurus is a genus of African lizards, one of a number of genera of limbless lizards in the skink family (Scincidae). This group was recently revised with most species formerly attributed to Typhlosaurus now placed in Acontias. The current definition of Typhlosaurus includes five attenuate body legless lizards from southwestern Africa (South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Angola). This is the sister genus to Acontias, which together form the well supported Afrotropical subfamily Acontinae.
|
|
In the measurement of gamma rays or other ionising radiation, a radiation monitor or dosimeter will commonly use a filter to attenuate those energy levels or wavelengths that cause the least damage to the human body but letting through those that do the most damage, so any source of radiation may be measured in terms of its true danger rather than just its strength. The resulting unit is the sievert or microsievert.
|
|
Croton hancei Croton hancei is a monoecious shrub or treelet, ca. 5 m tall; the branches glabrous, the oblong-lanceolate leaves are clustered at the stem apex on petioles 2–5 mm long, the leaf blade 8–18 × 2–5 cm, papery in texture, with both surfaces glabrous; the base is attenuate to obtuse, the margins entire or serrulate, and the apex acuminate. The Inflorescences are terminal, ca. 3 cm, the bracts small.
|
|
Social buffering is a phenomenon in which animals, in the presence of another animal, have attenuated stress and fear responses upon presentation of typically fearful stimuli. Donaldson explored the potential in activating neurons involved in social processing to attenuate fear, mimicking the experience of social buffering. She tagged neural ensembles that were activated upon encoding of a cagemate, and found that reactivation of these social ensembles in fearful contexts attenuated fear responses.
|
|
Landing with a mid/forefoot strike has also been shown to not only properly attenuate shock but allows the triceps surae to aid in propulsion via reflexive plantarflexion after stretching to absorb ground contact forces. Thus a mid/forefoot strike may aid in propulsion. However, even among elite athletes there are variations in self selected footstrike types. This is especially true in longer distance events, where there is a prevalence of heel strikers.
|
|
As photons move through the target material, they are attenuated with probabilities depending on their energy, as a result their distribution changes in process called spectrum hardening. Because of spectrum hardening, the mean free path of the X-ray spectrum changes with distance. Sometimes one measures the thickness of a material in the number of mean free paths. Material with the thickness of one mean free path will attenuate to 37% (1/e) of photons.
|
|
Manipulations of different regions of the mPFC can produce and attenuate depressive behaviors. For example, inhibiting mPFC neurons specifically in the intralimbic cortex attenuates depressive behaviors. The conflicting findings associated with mPFC stimulation, when compared to the relatively specific findings in the infralimbic cortex, suggest that the prelimbic cortex and infralimbic cortex may mediate opposing effects. mPFC projections to the raphe nuclei are largely GABAergic and inhibit the firing of serotonergic neurons.
|
|
Computer- controlled features were intended to detect wind and attenuate pump output accordingly, to avoid splashing passers-by. The fountain never worked as designed and was fenced off as early as 1978. Built at a cost of , the fountain is largely sunken in the surrounding brick plaza, its basin being wide; and it contains 673 granite blocks over a total length of . Several blocks are inscribed; one carries a quotation from Franklin Delano Roosevelt.
|
|
The inductive reactance of the line trap presents a high reactance to high-frequency signals but a low reactance to mains frequency. This prevents carrier signals from being dissipated in the substation or in a tap line or branch of the main transmission path and grounds in the case of anything happening outside of the carrier transmission path. The line trap is also used to attenuate the shunting effects of high-voltage lines.
|
|
On returning to the UK, in 1955, Dane was appointed lecturer in microbiology at Queen’s University, Belfast, where he worked with Professor George Dick on the recently developed attenuate and killed poliovirus vaccines. Through their research they established that the early live polio vaccines developed by Hilary Koprowski were unsafe because they could return to virulence when excreted by people given the vaccine. Professor Dick’s team also initiated studies of combined diphtheria/pertussis/tetanus vaccines.
|
|
The leaf shapes vary from lamina ovate to elliptic. The apex of the leaf also vary from acuminate to cuspidate and base of the leaf is attenuate with broad glossy hairs along midrib and veins. Flower are arranged in racemoid head that are 3 cm long, peduncle is 0.5–23 mm long, winged, and vary from being hairy to hairless. The bracts of the flower are purplish, pedicles are 1 mm long.
|
|
Human bone marrow-derived Muse cells injected intravenously repair SCID and BALB/c mouse models of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis without added immunosuppression. Injected human Muse cells preferentially integrate into the damaged glomeruli and spontaneously differentiate into cells expressing markers of podocytes (podocin; ~31%), mesangial cells (megsin; ~13%), and endothelial cells (CD31; ~41%) without fusing with host glomerular cells; attenuate glomerular sclerosis and interstitial fibrosis; and induce the recovery of renal function, including creatinine clearance.
|
|
Perhaps the most distinguishing feature of G. angustifolia is its leaves. G. angustifolia has an abaxial leaf surface that is covered in short, fine velvety hairs which is an uncommon trait among the genus Gustavia. In general the leaves are sessile but they can have petioles up to 30 mm long. The leaf blades tend to be narrow, having an oblong to oblanceolate shape, while the leaf bases are attenuate to acute in shape.
|
|
Other things being equal, compounds that readily donate hydrons (Brønsted acids, see below) are generally polar, hydrophilic solutes and are often soluble in solvents with high relative static permittivity (dielectric constants). Examples include organic acids like acetic acid (CH3COOH) or methanesulfonic acid (CH3SO3H). However, large nonpolar portions of the molecule may attenuate these properties. Thus, as a result of its alkyl chain, octanoic acid (C7H15COOH) is considerably less hydrophilic compared to acetic acid.
|
|
The slender whiting (Sillago attenuate) is a poorly known species of inshore marine fish of the smelt whiting family, Sillaginidae that has a distribution limited to the Persian Gulf only. The Slender whiting, like most sillaginids requires careful study to determine its identity, with ray and vertebrae counts as well as swim bladder morphology distinguishing features. This inshore species of fish is commonly taken by fishermen using beach seines and is sold fresh in local markets.
|
|
IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) are proteins of 24 to 45 kDa. All six IGFBPs share 50% homology with each other and have binding affinities for IGF-I and IGF-II at the same order of magnitude as the ligands have for the IGF-IR. The IGFBPs help to lengthen the half-life of circulating IGFs in all tissues, including the prostate. Individual IGFBPs may act to enhance or attenuate IGF signaling depending on their physiological context (i.e.
|
|
Trying to attenuate the conflict, the constitutional delegates didn't fix the federal condition of Buenos Aires city in the constitution itself, but though a special law, sanctioned a few days after the signature of the constitution. Buenos Aires ignoring the powers of the constitutional convention drove the province to revolt and separate from the Argentine Confederation until 1860, when it reincorporated in exchange of several modifications of the original constitutional text, and the suspension of the federalization.
|
|
Most of the circuitry built inside of an FPGA is synchronous circuitry that requires a clock signal. FPGAs contain dedicated global and regional routing networks for clock and reset so they can be delivered with minimal skew. Also, FPGAs generally contain analog phase-locked loop and/or delay-locked loop components to synthesize new clock frequencies as well as attenuate jitter. Complex designs can use multiple clocks with different frequency and phase relationships, each forming separate clock domains.
|
|
Vaccination against An. marginale is done using live strains of the cross-reactive An. centrale. Vaccines are available on a commercial basis to immunize cattle against Babesia bovis. This is made by serial infection of calves to attenuate the virulence of the strain of Babesia, followed by splenectomy to produce many of the piroplasm stage in blood, which is then bottled for use. The vaccine is delivered containing the live protozoa to induce immunity without acute disease.
|
|
Pi pads, O pads and split O pads The unbalanced pi pad can be converted to a balanced O pad by putting one half of Rz in each side of a balanced line. The simple four element O pad attenuates the differential mode signal but does little to attenuate any common mode signal. To insure attenuation of the common mode signal also, a split O pad can be created by splitting and grounding Rx and Ry.
|
|
LARP1 binds to and regulates the translation of terminal oligopyrimidine motif (TOP mRNAs) and can directly interact with the 5' cap of mRNAs. It has also been shown to interact with the 3' end and coding regions (CDS) of other genes. LARP1 protein colocalizes with stress granules and P-bodies, which function in RNA storage and degradation. It has been suggested that LARP1 functions in P-bodies to attenuate the abundance of conserved Ras-MAPK mRNAs.
|
|
The nature of the solvent also determines the absolute and relative strength of the bonding. Most data on cation–π interaction is acquired in the gas phase, as the attraction is most pronounced in that case. Any intermediating solvent molecule will attenuate the effect, because the energy gained by the cation–π interaction is partially offset by the loss of solvation energy. For a given cation–π adduct, the interaction energy decreases with increasing solvent polarity.
|
|
Many surviving Aero-Ektar lenses have a tea colored tint, possibly due to radiation damage to the glass. As these lenses were used for aerial reconnaissance, the radiation level is not high enough to fog film over a short period. This would indicate the radiation level is reasonably safe. However, when not in use, it would be prudent to store these lenses as far as possible from normally inhabited areas; allowing the inverse square relationship to attenuate the radiation.
|
|
Trees are up to 12 m tall. Bark is smooth, and dark brown in color; blaze white. Leaves simple, opposite, decussate; petiole 0.6-1.5 cm long, canaliculate, sheathing at base, glabrous; lamina 6.5-15 x 3.5-8 cm, usually elliptic, sometimes narrow obovate, apex acute to acuminate, base attenuate; coriaceous or subcoriaceous, glabrous; secondary_nerves 6-8 pairs; tertiary_nerves obscure. Flowers show inflorescence and are dioecious; male flowers in fascicles, axillary; female flowers larger than male, solitary, axillary.
|
|
From 1915 to 1918, she was a member of the Yale faculty and the first woman member of the Yale Graduate Faculty. In 1915 she was named a research associate at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research in Princeton, where she spent summers studying tissue culture techniques. Erdmann was able to successfully culture chicken bone marrow cells as part of her attempts to attenuate the cyanolophia virus. These studies were important for future work in hematology and virology.
|
|
Zaireichthys heterurus is a species of loach catfish endemic to the Democratic Republic of the Congo where it is found in the Lualaba River. It reaches a length of 3.5 cm and has a broad, black collar just behind the head. The barbels are attenuate, with the maxillary barbels extending posteriorly to middle to end of the pectoral fin spine and the caudal peduncle is slender. The humeral process of the pectoral girdle is long and stout without denticulations.
|
|
Leaves are sessile and coriaceous in texture. The lamina (leaf blade) is linear to lanceolate, measures up to 35 cm in length by 4 cm in width, and is around 0.5 mm thick. Its apex is acute to narrowly acuminate and it is attenuate at the base, clasping the stem for around three-quarters of its circumference. Three longitudinal veins are present on either side of the midrib, restricted to the distal quarter of the lamina.
|
|
Leaves are sessile and coriaceous in texture. The lamina (leaf blade) is lanceolate, measures up to 35 cm in length by 5 cm in width, and is around 0.2 mm thick. Its apex is acute and it is attenuate at the base, clasping the stem for around three-quarters of its circumference and being decurrent for up to 4 cm. Three longitudinal veins are present on either side of the midrib, restricted to the distal quarter of the lamina.
|
|
Leaves are sessile and coriaceous in texture. The lamina (leaf blade) is linear to lanceolate, measures up to 30 cm in length by 3.5 cm in width, and is around 0.5 mm thick. Its apex is acute to narrowly acuminate and it is attenuate at the base, clasping the stem for around three-quarters of its circumference. Three longitudinal veins are present on either side of the midrib, restricted to the distal quarter of the lamina.
|
|
The lamina (leaf blade) is linear to slightly lanceolate or narrowly elliptic and measures up to 18 cm in length by 3 cm in width. Its apex is acute or obtuse, whereas the base is slightly attenuate and clasps the stem for half to three-quarters of its circumference. It is also slightly auriculate and has an oblique attachment to the stem. The laminar base may be decurrent down the stem to varying degrees or not decurrent at all.
|
|
It is essential in assuring that a transmission stays within its channel. An FM radio station, for example, must attenuate everything beyond ±75kHz from the center frequency by a few decibels, and anything beyond ±100 kHz (the channel boundary) by much more. Emissions on further adjacent channels must be reduced to almost zero. FM broadcast subcarriers are normally required to stay under 75 kHz (and up to 100 kHz if reduced) to comply with the mask.
|
|
A medical imaging method employing tomography where digital geometry processing is used to generate a three-dimensional image of the internal structures of an object from a large series of two-dimensional X-ray images taken around a single axis of rotation. CT produces a volume of data, which can be manipulated, through a process known as windowing, in order to demonstrate various structures based on their ability to attenuate and prevent transmission of the incident X-ray beam.
|
|
ABHD10 was identified in 2012, and only two main functions have been reported. First, ABHD10 is involved in the deglucuronidation of AcMPAG in human liver. The activity of this enzyme could attenuate the AcMAPG formation. AcMAPG might be responsible for some adverse effects of mycophenolate mofetil therapy because it promotes the release of TNF-α and IL-6, and it also binds to enzymes that are essential for the control of the energy and redox state of the cells.
|
|
The lack of batteries in passive DIs means that users do not have to worry about batteries losing their power in the middle of a live show or recording session. Some models have no settings or switches, while others can have a ground lift switch (to avoid ground loop problems or hums), a pad switch (to accommodate different source levels and attenuate too-strong signals) and a passive filter/equalization switch for coloring the sound or tone.
|
|
The reception or transmission of radio waves, a form of electromagnetic radiation, to or from an antenna within a Faraday cage is heavily attenuated or blocked by the cage; however, a Faraday cage has varied attenuation depending on wave form, frequency, or distance from receiver/transmitter, and receiver/transmitter power. Near-field, high- powered frequency transmissions like HF RFID are more likely to penetrate. Solid cages generally attenuate fields over a broader range of frequencies than mesh cages.
|
|
A single such tone coming from the side will appear at the two ears 180 degrees out of phase—one ear compared to the other. An active noise control tone coming from a different angle will not be able to attenuate the original tone in both ears at once. High frequency sounds above 1000 Hz tend to cancel and reinforce unpredictably from many directions. In some, the most effective noise reduction in three- dimensional space involves low frequency sounds.
|
|
Ultrasonic A-scan display showing a reflector in the part being tested. Ultrasonic testing (UT) can offer detailed NDT information for welded thermoplastic composites. Tests can be done with shear wave or transverse waves, though the composite materials often attenuate the signals significantly and care must be taken to account for this. Contact methods using either manual or automated transducers coupled to the part being inspected or non-contact methods using water immersion or a bubbler (i.e.
|
|
Estradiol influences cognitive function, specifically by enhancing learning and memory in a dose-sensitive manner. Too much estrogen can have negative effects by weakening performance of learned tasks as well as hindering performance of memory tasks; this can result in females exhibiting poorer performance of such tasks when compared to males. Ovariectomies, surgeries inducing menopause, or natural menopause cause fluctuating and decreased estrogen levels in women. This in turn can "attenuate the effects" of endogenous opioid peptides.
|
|
A case series and open-label pilot study have demonstrated the efficacy of reboxetine in treating bulimia nervosa. Reboxetine may also have efficacy in treating therapy-resistant paediatric nocturnal enuresis. A pilot study demonstrated the efficacy of reboxetine in the treatment of narcolepsy. Individual trials and meta-analysis suggest that reboxetine can attenuate antipsychotic-induced weight gain and there is some evidence of a benefit on depressive, and possibly other symptoms of schizophrenia when added to antipsychotic treatment.
|
|
The phyllodes are elliptic, smooth, and curved, and are 70-180 mm long by 7-35 mm wide, with two to three primary veins. The secondary veins are oblique or penniveined or form a network. The base of the phyllode is attenuate, while the apex is obtuse. There are four to five glands along the dorsal margin. The axillary inflorescences are racemes or panicles, with 9-24 heads per raceme, on an axis 65-150 mm long.
|
|
It is vitally important to regulate this calcium gradient, not least because high levels of calcium are toxic to the cell, and can induce apoptosis. Ca2+-bound calmodulin (CaM) interacts with Cav1.3 to induce calcium-dependent inactivation (CDI). Recently, it has been shown that RNA editing of Cav1.3 transcripts is essential for CDI. Contrary to expectation, RNA editing does not simply attenuate the binding of CaM, but weakens the pre- binding of Ca2+-free calmodulin (apoCaM) to channels.
|
|
There has been effort put into investigating the possible use of oxiracetam as a medication to attenuate the symptoms of dementia. However, no convincing results were obtained from studies where patients suffering from Alzheimer's dementia or organic solvent abuse. Tests performed on patients with mild to moderate dementia experienced beneficial effects measured by higher scores on tests for logical performance, attention, concentration, memory and spatial orientation. Improvement was also seen in patients with exogenic post-concussion syndrome, organic brain syndromes and other dementias.
|
|
A second tilting axis allows transient crosstalk to be minimised, otherwise switching (eg) from port 1 to port 3 will always involve passing the beam across port 2. The second axis provides a means to attenuate the signal without increasing the coupling into neighbouring fibers. This technology has the advantage of a single steering surface, not necessarily requiring polarization diversity optics. It works well in the presence of a continuous signal, allowing the mirror tracking circuits to dither the mirror and maximise coupling.
|
|
This gene encodes a member of the STAT-induced STAT inhibitor (SSI), also known as suppressor of cytokine signalling (SOCS), family. SSI family members are cytokine-inducible negative regulators of cytokine signaling. The expression of this gene can be induced by a subset of cytokines, including IL2, IL3 erythropoietin (EPO), GM- CSF, and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). The protein encoded by this gene functions downstream of cytokine receptors, and takes part in a negative feedback loop to attenuate cytokine signaling.
|
|
In 1926 Joseph P. Maxwell and Henry C. Harrison from Bell Telephone Laboratories disclosed that the recording pattern of the Western Electric "rubber line" magnetic disc cutter had a constant velocity characteristic. This meant that as frequency increased in the treble, recording amplitude decreased. Conversely, in the bass as frequency decreased, recording amplitude increased. Therefore, it was necessary to attenuate the bass frequencies below about 250 Hz, the bass turnover point, in the amplified microphone signal fed to the recording head.
|
|
In 1951, as national attention turned to issues of desegregation in schools, ultimately leading up to Brown v. Board of Education, Robert Carter and Thurgood Marshall, from the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund, solicited expert opinions from social science. A range of social scientists, from Kenneth Clark to Floyd and Gordon Allport, weighed in on the psychological effects of desegregation, and conditions under which interracial contact might attenuate racial prejudice, including an amicus curiae brief filed in the Brown v. Board case.
|
|
In the past, trifluoperazine was used in fixed combinations with the MAO inhibitor (antidepressant) tranylcypromine (tranylcypromine/trifluoperazine) to attenuate the strong stimulating effects of this antidepressant. This combination was sold under the brand name Jatrosom N. Likewise a combination with amobarbital (potent sedative/hypnotic agent) for the amelioration of psychoneurosis and insomnia existed under the brand name Jalonac. In Italy the first combination is still available, sold under the brand name Parmodalin (10 mg of tranylcypromine and 1 mg of trifluoperazine).
|
|
Based on severe criticism from the scientific community, Scientific Reports started an investigation on the validity of this study and it was retracted by the editors in March 2020. A 2018 paper claimed that a homeopathic treatment could attenuate pain in rats. It was retracted 8 months later after "swift criticism" from the scientific community. A controversial 2018 paper suggested that too much bent- neck staring at a cell phone could grow a “horn” on the back of someone's head.
|
|
This is consistent with studies showing that dizocilpine potentiates the addictive potential of morphine and other drugs (see below). As an antidepressant, positive results were found in animal models of depression. NMDA antagonists like dizocilpine have been shown in animal models to attenuate the hearing loss caused by aminoglycosides It is thought that aminoglycosides mimic endogenous polyamines at NMDA receptors and produce excitotoxic damage, leading to hair cell loss. Antagonizing NMDA receptors to reduce the excitotoxicity would prevent that hearing loss.
|
|
These problems are often overcome by averaging over many realizations of the same event. However, this method is unreliable with small data sets and undesirable when one does not wish to attenuate signal components that vary across trials. Instead of ensemble averaging, the multitaper method reduces estimation bias by obtaining multiple independent estimates from the same sample. Each data taper is multiplied element-wise by the signal to provide a windowed trial from which one estimates the power at each component frequency.
|
|
The ocean-like quality of seashell resonance is due in part to the similarity between airflow and ocean movement sounds. The association of seashells with the ocean likely plays a further role. Resonators attenuate or emphasize some ambient noise frequencies in the environment, including airflow within the resonator and sound originating from the body, such as bloodflow and muscle movement. These sounds are normally discarded by the auditory cortex; however, they become more obvious when louder external sounds are filtered out.
|
|
The margin of the cap does not have striations, and like other Lepidella members, may have irregular veil remnants hanging from it. The gills are free, crowded closely together, moderately narrow, and white to yellowish white in color. The short gills that do not extend the full distance from the stem to the cap edge (known as lamellulae) are rounded to attenuate (gradually narrowing), and of varying lengths. The stem is long, thick, and is attached to the center of the cap.
|
|
Leaf size and shape varies with age and position on the plant. At the time of flowering, leaf petioles range from 0.8 to 3.9 mm with blades 1 to 3 cm long. Towards the tips of stems, the leaves are smaller and narrowly elliptical to almost linear, while closer to the bases of stems and branches, the leaves are larger and oblanceolate or spatulate. All leaves are rounded at the tip, their margins entire, and their bases attenuate to cuneate.
|
|
After encryption, she then uses a Faraday mirror to reflect and attenuate the pulses at her chosen level and sends them back to Bob. Using two high quality single photon detectors, Bob chooses a measurement basis in his phase modulator to detect the pulses from Alice. They replaced the detectors on Bob's side because of the low detection efficiencies of the previous detectors. When they replaced the detectors, they were able to show a quantum advantage on a channel for over .
|
|
Exercising and performing activities of daily living can cause a significant increase in body temperature in individuals with MS, especially if their mechanical efficiency is poor due to the use of mobility aids, ataxia, weakness, and spasticity. However, exercise has been shown to be helpful in managing MS symptoms, reducing the risk of comorbidities, and promoting overall wellness. Taking advantage of the cooling properties of water may help attenuate the consequences of heat sensitivity. In a study done by White et al.
|
|
Transit cases are usually molded or formed from plastic, composite materials or aluminum so the top and bottom sections are seamless. A rack case is a transit case with provision for mounting rackmount equipment such as amplifiers, computers, displays, radios, encryption devices, and so forth. In many cases, the internal 19-inch rack is mounted to the transit case via shock absorbing mounts giving the rack sway space to attenuate shocks and bumps that might be seen during shipment and handling.
|
|
These compounds are of particular interest to contact lens manufacturers and prescribing optometrists because they do not require any patient compliance to effectively attenuate the effects of bacterial colonization. A recent area of research is in the field of bionic lenses. These are visual displays that include built-in electric circuits and light- emitting diodes and can harvest radio waves for their electric power. Bionic lenses can display information beamed from a mobile device overcoming the small display size problem.
|
|
Nepenthes eustachya differs from N. alata in a number of morphological features. Jebb and Cheek outlined these differences when they restored the former as a valid species. Nepenthes eustachya has a lanceolate lamina with a rounded to sub-peltate apex, whereas that of N. alata is lanceolate-ovate with an acute or attenuate apex. The petiole also serves to distinguish these species: in N. eustachya it is scarcely or not winged at all, whereas in N. alata it is broadly winged.
|
|
Two identified transcript variants are expressed in several tissues and are evolutionary conserved in fish and swine. One transcript, 1a, excises an intron and encodes the functional protein; this protein is the receptor for the ghrelin ligand and defines a neuroendocrine pathway for growth hormone release. The second transcript (1b) retains the intron and does not function as a receptor for ghrelin; however, it may function to attenuate activity of isoform 1a. GHS-R1a falls into G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family.
|
|
The inflorescence is open, brown, up to long with between 3 and 7 distant, distinct spikes per culm. Each spike is ovoid or ellipsoide, typically attenuate at the base and acute or rounded at the tip, with 15–40 lenticular perigynia. The perigynia are green to reddish brown, orbiculate to broadly ovate, and typically long and across (1.2–1.8 times as long as wide). Carex brevior flowers in mid-May and early June, fruiting in the early to mid summer.
|
|
Crime, Law and Social Change, 63: 49-64 have also presented a theory that offers the opposite to deviancy amplification, which they call deviancy attenuation. In this they argue using the case of fraud that there are some large problems, which those in positions of power are able to attenuate through not accurately measuring it, leading to statistics which under-estimate the problem, leading to less resources dedicated to it, re- enforcing the belief of those in power it is not a problem.
|
|
Leaves are elliptic-oblong to elliptic-lanceolate in shape. Apex is acute to acuminate with blunt tip, base is acute to attenuate, coriaceous, glabrous; midrib of the leaf is canaliculate above, stout beneath; secondary nerves usually 5-9 pairs, where lower pairs closer than above ones; tertiary nerves are strongly reticulate on both surfaces. Fruits of the plant are usually as berries, and are globose, up to 7 cm in diameter, usually rusty brown in color and fruit bear about 8 seeds.
|
|
Approaching the edge of the cap, the warts gradually become small, woolly patches. The cap margin is smooth or has faint grooves mirroring the underlying gills, and has partial veil remnants hanging along the edge. The gills are free from attachment to the stem, close to crowded together, moderately broad, yellowish-white, and occasionally have a slight reddish stain. The lamellulae (short gills that do not extend completely from the cap margin to the stem) are truncate (cut off sharply) to attenuate.
|
|
Research has also shown that the administration of 5-HT antagonists often exacerbates symptoms of OCD. If this were to be true, one would expect mirtazapine (which among others is a 5-HT2A receptor antagonist) and atypical antipsychotics that also have antagonistic effects at this receptor to attenuate the effect of SSRIs. Clinical studies with these drugs, however, have shown the opposite. Mirtazapine, although not effective by itself, has been shown to hasten the effect of paroxetine (Pallanti et al.
|
|
Simple analog pan controls only change relative level; they don't add reverb to replace direct signal, phase changes, modify the spectrum, or change delay timing. "Tracks thus seem to move in the direction that [one] point[s] the pan pots on a mixer, even though [one] actually attenuate[s] those tracks on the opposite side of the horizontal plane."Hodgson (2010), p.163. Panning can also be used in an audio mixer to reduce or reverse the stereo width of a stereo signal.
|
|
Muellerina celastroides is an erect or spreading plant which is smooth except for the inflorescence axis which is covered with minute, brown, densely matted woolly hairs. The leaves are oblong to elliptic and 2.5-7 cm long and 15-25 mm wide, with a rounded apex and an attenuate base. The inflorescence is a raceme of 1–3 pairs of triads, with the stems of lateral flowers being 3–6 mm long. The calyx is entire and about 1 mm long.
|
|
Shouchangoceras is a genus of goniatitid pseudohaloritid ammonoids and is the type genus for the pseudohaloritid subfamily Shouchangocerinae. The genus is characterized by a compressed shell as much as 5 cm in diameter, with a strongly constricted mature peristome that has shallow dorsolateral sinus, a moderately deep rounded ventral sinus, but without conspicuous lappets, and ornamented by moderately strong transverse ribs and numerous stronger longitudinal lirae, producing a weakly reticulate pattern. Lobes are attenuate. The siphuncle is within the dorsal septal flecture.
|
|
Faraday cages are Faraday shields which have holes in them and are therefore more complex to analyze. Whereas continuous shields essentially attenuate all wavelengths shorter than the skin depth, the holes in a cage may permit shorter wavelengths to pass through or set up "evanescent fields" (oscillating fields that do not propagate as EM waves) just beneath the surface. The shorter the wavelength, the better it passes through a mesh of given size. Thus to work well at short wavelengths (i.e.
|
|
Meta-analyses found that increased perceived psychological stress was associated with a small decrease in telomere length--but that these associations attenuate to no significant association when accounting for publication bias. The literature concerning telomeres as integrative biomarkers of exposure to stress and adversity is dominated by cross-sectional and correlational studies, which makes causal interpretation problematic. A 2020 review argued that the relationship between psychosocial stress and telomere length appears strongest for stress experienced in utero or early life.
|
|
In a model of visceral pain (inflammation of the urinary bladder) PEA was able to attenuate the viscero- visceral hyper-reflexia induced by inflammation of the urinary bladder, one of the reasons why PEA is currently explored in the painful bladdersyndrome. In a different model for bladder pain, the turpentine-induced urinary bladder inflammation in the rat, PEA also attenuated a referred hyperalgesia in a dose-dependent way. Chronic pelvic pain in patients seem to respond favourably to a treatment with PEA.
|
|
The bilious humour is red and clear in colour, light and pungent, and its normal form is the foam of blood. It can pursue two routes, either into the blood or the gallbladder. When it passes into the blood, its function is to attenuate the blood in such a way, that it enables the blood to transverse the very minutest channels of the body. The part which flows to the gallbladder is needed, since it cleanses the entire body of superfluity and nourishes the gallbladder.
|
|
Elements which interact and resonate in their respective localized area are embedded throughout the material. In acoustic metamaterials, locally resonant elements would be the interaction of a single 1-cm rubber sphere with the surrounding liquid. The values of the stop band and band gap frequencies can be controlled by choosing the size, types of materials, and the integration of microscopic structures which control the modulation of the frequencies. These materials are then able to shield acoustic signals and attenuate the effects of anti-plane shear waves.
|
|
During running, shoes were found to reduce swing (non-weight- bearing) phase leg speed, attenuate some shock, and encourage a rearfoot strike pattern. The long-term effect of these gait changes due to footwear on growth and development are currently unknown. The impact of footwear on gait should be considered when assessing children's gait and evaluating the effect of shoe or in-shoe interventions. Children who go barefoot have a lower incidence of flat feet and deformity while having greater foot flexibility than children who wear shoes.
|
|
It is also thought to promote behavioral inhibition in response to unfamiliar individuals, by input from the orbitofrontal cortex. Bilateral disruption of this pathway has been shown to attenuate reinstatement of drug seeking behaviour in rodents. This nucleus is known to project inhibitory fibers to the lateral hypothalamus and participate in the control of feeding in rodents. Optogenetic activation of this inhibitory pathway rapidly produced voracious feeding behavior in well-fed mice and optogenetic inhibition of this pathway reduces food intake even in starved animals.
|
|
These rivers also tend to be more turbulent, however, and particles in the water increasingly attenuate light as depth increases. Seasonal and diurnal factors might also play a role in light availability because the angle of incidence, the angle at which light strikes water can lead to light lost from reflection. Known as Beer's Law, the shallower the angle, the more light is reflected and the amount of solar radiation received declines logarithmically with depth. Additional influences on light availability include cloud cover, altitude, and geographic position.
|
|
Exposure of macromastic breast stromal tissue to non-macromastic breast epithelial tissue was found to cause increased alveolar morphogenesis and epithelial proliferation in the latter. A neutralizing antibody for HGF, but not for IGF-1 or EGF, was found to attenuate the proliferation of breast epithelial tissue caused by exposure to macromastic breast stromal cells, potentially directly implicating HGF in the breast growth and enlargement seen in macromastia. Also, a genome-wide association study has highly implicated HGF and its receptor, c-Met, in breast cancer aggressiveness.
|
|
A stunted rosette plant growing in an exposed site on Mount Bokor Leaves are sessile to sub-petiolate and coriaceous (leathery) in texture. The lamina or leaf blade is oblong to linear-lanceolate in shape and measures up to 35 cm in length by 8 cm in width. Its apex varies greatly, ranging from acute to obtuse and it may sometimes also be acuminate. The lamina is attenuate at the base, clasping the stem by around three-quarters of its circumference and rarely becoming decurrent.
|
|
The leaf base is cuneate, or wedge- shaped, to shortly attenuate, while the apex is cuspidate, or fine pointed. The cusp, or terminal point on the leaves, measures 0.5 to 2 mm, though it often breaks off. The petiole is short at 0.5 to 2 mm in length. The pollen cone is actually a capitula, or a conglomerate, of 6 to 14 cones, and is whitish in colour. They can either be distinctly pedunculate, or stalked, with the peduncle measuring 2 to 5 mm, or sessile, i.e.
|
|
The main adverse events related to this procedure are pericardial effusion, incomplete LAA closure, dislodgement of the device, blood clot formation on the device requiring prolonged oral anticoagulation, and the general risks of catheter-based techniques (such as air embolism). The left atrium anatomy can also preclude use of the device in some patients. Theoretical concerns surround the role of the LAA in thirst regulation and water retention because it is an important source of atrial natriuretic factor. Preserving the right atrial appendage might attenuate this effect.
|
|
Berries, in the natural island habitat The Rodrigues aloe develops short, unbranched decumbent stems (3–4 cm diameter), topped with a loose rosette of long (50–75 cm), narrow (8 cm wide at the base), lanceolate-attenuate leaves. (In appearance, the leaves most resemble those of Aloe martialii of north Madagascar.) The leaves are highly succulent, but slender (maximum 8 cm wide at base). The leaves are dark-green, becoming pale yellow-green in sun. The flowers are similar to those of other Mascarene aloes.
|
|
The harnessed bushbuck is in general smaller than other tragelaphines, with a mainly red or yellow-brown ground colour. It is conspicuously striped with several vertical and at least one horizontal stripe and there is little to no sexual dimorphism with respect to patterning and ground colouration. It has been referred to as the harnessed antelope or guib harnaché. The conspicuousness of its patterning tends to attenuate slightly in a west to east cline along the species range, being least striking in the decula population of Ethiopia.
|
|
The drawbacks of gas lighting were overheating of the air and extremely high oxygen consumption, making it necessary to ventilate the room or isolate the flame by separating the room where the combustion took place from the room being lit. Theatre audiences regularly suffered from headaches and the sulphur and ammonia formed during combustion of the gas ruined furniture. Gas light had to be filtered by opal glass or light fabric shades. Lampshades were no longer used to direct the light but to attenuate it.
|
|
Different frequencies attenuate at different rates, such that some components of air are opaque to some frequencies and transparent to others. Radio waves used for broadcasting and other communication experience the same effect. Water vapor reflects radar to a lesser extent than do water's other two phases. In the form of drops and ice crystals, water acts as a prism, which it does not do as an individual molecule; however, the existence of water vapor in the atmosphere causes the atmosphere to act as a giant prism.
|
|
Understanding Records, p. 86. . However, noise gates attenuate signals by a fixed amount, known as the range. In its simplest form, a noise gate allows a main signal to pass through only when it is above a set threshold: the gate is "open". If the signal falls below the threshold, no signal is allowed to pass (or the signal is substantially attenuated): the gate is "closed".. A noise gate is used when the level of the "signal" is above the level of the unwanted "noise".
|
|
The leaves of K. laetivirens are completely green, while K. daigremontiana has bands or spots on the back of leaves. The leaves of K. delagoensis are linear, while K. daigremontiana has lanceolate, oblong, ovate or triangular leaves. K. × houghtonii is a hybrid between K. daigremontiana and K. delagoensis, therefore has characteristics in between; its leaves are narrower than those of K. daigremontiana, and its leaf base is attenuate, cuneate to weakly cordate or auriculate, while K. daigremontiana has strongly cordate to auriculate or even peltate leaves.
|
|
It has a creeping rhizome of up to 3.5 cm in diameter, that bears attenuate pale- brown rhizome-scales of up to 2 cm long. The stipe is up to 80 cm long and is only densely scaled towards its base. The lamina is up to 90 x 33 cm, broadly to narrowly ovate with an acuminate apex with the basal pinnae not reduced, or barely so. The pinnae are up to 33 x 16 cm and form an angle of more than 50° to the rachis.
|
|
Therefore, in those instances it is important to have potential drugs that can alter the methylation status of the gene and increase expression levels. To increase gene expression, one may try to decrease CpG methylation by using a drug that works as DNA methytransferase inhibitor such as decitabine or 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine. On the other hand, some diseases result from a decrease in acetylase activity, which results in a decrease in gene expression. Some studies have shown that inhibiting HDAC activity can attenuate cardiac hypertrophy.
|
|
A sound attenuator, or duct silencer, sound trap, or muffler, is a noise control acoustical treatment of Heating Ventilating and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) ductwork designed to reduce transmission of noise through the ductwork, either from equipment into occupied spaces in a building, or between occupied spaces. In its simplest form, a sound attenuator consists of an baffle within the ductwork. These baffles often contain sound-absorbing materials. The physical dimensions and baffle configuration of sound attenuators are selected to attenuate a specific range of frequencies.
|
|
Sometimes it is desired not to put an antenna on the roof; in these cases, antennas designed for outdoor use are often mounted in the attic or loft, although antennas designed for attic use are also available. Putting an antenna indoors significantly decreases its performance due to lower elevation above ground level and intervening walls; however, in strong signal areas reception may be satisfactory. One layer of asphalt shingles, roof felt, and a plywood roof deck is considered to attenuate the signal to about half.
|
|
Many factors influence the time course and extent of remodeling, including the severity of the injury, secondary events (recurrent ischemia or infarction), neurohormonal activation, genetic factors and gene expression, and treatment. Medications may attenuate remodeling. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have been consistently shown to decrease remodeling in animal models or transmural infarction and chronic pressure overload. Clinical trials have shown that ACE inhibitor therapy after myocardial infarction leads to improved myocardial performance, improved ejection fraction, and decreased mortality compared to patients treated with placebo.
|
|
The lid or operculum is suborbicular, slightly cordate at the base, and about 5 cm long by 5 cm wide. An obtuse, laterally-flattened appendage (≤8 mm long) is present in the basal part of the midrib on the lid's lower surface. Both the appendage and the lower surface of the lid are wholly glandular, bearing numerous deepened and rimmed glands of varying sizes. An unbranched, attenuate spur is inserted on the highest part of the pitcher's dome, around 20 mm from the base of the lid.
|
|
Equisetum arvense creeps extensively with its slender and felted rhizomes that freely fork and bear tubers. The erect or prostrate sterile stems are tall and diameter, with jointed segments around long with whorls of side shoots at the segment joints; the side shoots have a diameter of about . Some stems can have as many as 20 segments. The solid and simple branches are ascending or spreading, with sheaths that bear attenuate teeth, with the 1st internode of each branch being longer than the subtending stem sheath.
|
|
ECT may provide temporary remission of delusional beliefs; antipsychotics help attenuate delusions and reduce agitation or associated dangerous behaviors, and SSRIs may be used to treat secondary depression. In delusional disorder there is some evidence that pimozide has superior efficacy compared with other antipsychotics. Psychosocial psychiatric interventions can enhance the quality of life through allowing some social functioning, and treating comorbid disorders is a priority for secondary erotomania. Family therapy, adjustment of socio-environmental factors, and replacing delusions with something positive may be beneficial to all.
|
|
Using this innovative TNF variant, Tansey and her team were able to probe the role of TNF in Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Disease. They found that when they blocked TNF signalling using the variant TNF technology, they were able to attenuate progressive pathology and even reduce microglial activation, which was associated with the loss of dopamine neurons in PD. These findings suggested that targeting TNF might be a promising strategy to prevent the loss of dopamine neurons in PD and also prevent prevent neuronal pathology on AD.
|
|
Hal Leonard. p. 23. Compressor effects: Keeley Compressor, MXR Dyna Comp, Boss CS-3 Compression Sustainer. Noise gate: Noise gates attenuate hum, hiss, and static in the signal by greatly diminishing the volume when the signal falls below a set threshold. Noise gates are often used by electric guitarist who play with vintage amps, which can have unwanted hum in the tone, and by guitarists from heavy metal who use high distortion levels, which add noise to the signal even when no notes are being played.
|
|
The wingspan is about 24 mm. The forewings are pale straw ochreous, a shade of light chestnut brown diffused along the dorsum, attenuate to the tornus and narrowly traceable along the termen and around the apex, above which it is slightly intensified, but becomes evanescent along the costa, recurring towards its base. A small spot of the same brownish colour at the end of the cell, and a few dark fuscous scales very sparsely scattered over the wing surface. The hindwings are shining, pale ivory grey.
|
|
Polyphosphate (PolyP) is an inorganic polymer made from phosphate subunits. It typically exists in its deprotonated form, and can form salts with physiological metal cations like Ca2+, Sr2+, and Mg2+. When salted to these metals, it can selectively induce bone regeneration (Ca-PolyP), bone hardening (Sr-PolyP), or cartilage regeneration (Mg-PolyP) depending on the metal to which it is salted. This smart ability to attenuate the kind of tissue regenerated in response to different metal cations makes it a promising polymer for biomedical applications.
|
|
The forewings are pale yellowish ochreous, suffused with ferruginous towards the termen, and in a large blotch extending from the base on either side of the fold and along the dorsum to the commencement of the tornal cilia, its outer extremity somewhat attenuate, leaving a space of the same ground colour between it and a dark ferruginous costal blotch a little beyond the middle. The termen is narrowly pale yellowish ochreous, with three ferruginous dots at the base of the cilia. The hindwings are shining, pale grey.
|
|
The implications of high titers of these circulating antibodies are still being worked out and further investigated. There is compelling evidence that autoimmunity against this class of G protein-coupled receptors results in a variety of pathologies. Associated pathologies: Cardiovascular diseases and events: Circulating autoantibodies to adrenergic receptors have been identified in numerous heart diseases and cardiac symptoms. Laboratory models have revealed a mechanism by which adrenergic autoantibodies accomplish their effects on the cardiovascular system. “Beta1 autoantibodies trigger conformational changes in the receptor, attenuate receptor internalization.
|
|
Spreading to shrub, glabrous; no external runners. Leaves flat or compressed when very narrow, linear to narrow-oblong, sessile or the wider leaves shortly petiolate, 3–15 cm long, 1–10 mm wide, apex is usually rounded, base attenuate - contracted, venation is obscure; shortly petiolate. Inflorescence pedunculate usually a 2-flowered umbel; peduncle usually 0.5–2 mm in length; pedicels 2–5 mm long; bracts 1–1.5 mm long. Corolla 25–50 mm long, is usually red, rarely yellow, can also be tipped with green or black.
|
|
Herbs, slightly woody to woody at base, few- to many-branched, 20–40 cm tall. Stems moderately to densely pubescent with multicelled unbranched erect glandular hairs ca. 0.3–0.5 mm long, these mixed with less frequent slightly longer 1–3-celled unbranched eglandular hairs. Sympodial units defoliate, solitary or more commonly geminate, the smaller leaves up to half the size of the larger ones. Leaves simple, the blades 1–4 × 1–3 cm, ovate-elliptic to cordiform, chartaceous to membranaceous, sparsely to moderately pubescent on both sides with 1–2-celled unbranched erect eglandular hairs, these denser on the primary and secondary veins; venation camptodromous, with the primary and one pair of secondary veins emerging from the leaf base (sometimes just one, in the case of an asymmetric base), the primary and secondary veins barely visible to the naked eye, slightly prominent abaxially and less visible adaxially; base attenuate to cordate, slightly decurrent into petiole; margins entire, ciliate with hairs like those of the blade; apex acute to attenuate; petioles 0.5–2.2 cm long, with pubescence similar to that of the stems but with fewer eglandular hairs.
|
|
In practice, no bandpass filter is ideal. The filter does not attenuate all frequencies outside the desired frequency range completely; in particular, there is a region just outside the intended passband where frequencies are attenuated, but not rejected. This is known as the filter roll-off, and it is usually expressed in dB of attenuation per octave or decade of frequency. Generally, the design of a filter seeks to make the roll-off as narrow as possible, thus allowing the filter to perform as close as possible to its intended design.
|
|
Musician's earplugs (also called Hi-Fi or Lossless earplugs) are designed to attenuate sounds evenly across all frequencies (pitches) which helps maintain the ear's natural frequency response and thus minimizes the effect on the user's perception of timbre (frequency spectrum, f.ex. bass and treble levels). These are commonly used by musicians and technicians, both in the studio and in concert, to avoid overexposure to high volume levels. Musician's earplugs generally achieve a more natural frequency response by incorporating a small diaphragm or membrane together with acoustic channels and damping materials.
|
|
Vibrations in the main cable were passed down through the clamp and into the shorter damper, or "messenger", cable. This would flex and cause the symmetrically-placed concrete blocks at its ends to oscillate. Careful choice of the mass of the blocks, and the stiffness and length of the damper cable would match the mechanical impedance of the damper to that of the line, and greatly attenuate oscillation of the main cable. Since Stockbridge dampers were economical, effective and easy to install, they became used routinely on overhead lines.
|
|
Experiments are conducted by remote control from the Glenn Research Center (GRC) Telescience Support Center (TSC). The CIR has been designed for use with the Passive Rack Isolation System (PaRIS), which connects the rack to the ISS structure using eight spring-damper isolators and a special set of umbilicals. Modelling and analysis show that the PaRIS can attenuate much of the U.S. Laboratory's vibration and provide a much quieter environment than a simple hard-mounted rack. The CIR is the only combustion research facility on board the ISS.
|
|
The microwave bridge contains both the microwave source and the detector. Older spectrometers used a vacuum tube called a klystron to generate microwaves, but modern spectrometers use a Gunn diode. Immediately after the microwave source there is an isolator which serves to attenuate any reflections back to the source which would result in fluctuations in the microwave frequency. The microwave power from the source is then passed through a directional coupler which splits the microwave power into two paths, one directed towards the cavity and the other the reference arm.
|
|
Seismic anisotropy relies on shear waves, shear waves carry rich information which can sometimes impede its utilization. Shear waves survey for anisotropy requires multi component (usually 3 component) geophones which are oriented at angles, these are more expensive than the widely used vertical oriented single component geophones. However, while expensive 3 component seismometers are much more powerful in their ability to collect valuable information about the Earth that vertical component seismometers simply cannot. While seismic waves do attenuate, large earthquakes (moment magnitude > 5) have the ability to produce observable shear waves.
|
|
They are linear-lanceolate in shape, distally gradually attenuate, i.e. tapering to a point at the end. Their outline is falcate, or sickle-like, to more or less straight and flat. The texture is somewhat leathery, but generally they are quite soft and flexible. The midvein is 0.2 to 0.5 mm wide on the abaxial surface, or underside, showing two broad and grey stomatal bands that are 0.8 to 2.1 mm wide with 13 to 24 rows of stomata, though the individual stomata are not readily visible to the naked eye.
|
|
The length of the shell attains 8 mm, its diameter 2.5 mm This is a remarkably graceful, attenuate-fusiform shell. It contains seven whorls, of which three in the protoconch. The shell is conspicuous for its strong yet thread-like angled keels, one upon the upper whorls, two on the lower, while a rectangular appearance is obtained by the six longitudinal remote yet regular ribs on each whorl, these not being exactly continuous, as is the case with the sculpture of some Mangiliae. The apical whorls are beautifully cancellate.
|
|
It is an evergreen small tree or shrub that measures up to tall and in diameter, roundish and leafy crown, straight trunk, its branches are inserted in an ascending way. The bark is brownish-grey and soft texture and with roughnesses when adult. The leaves are simple and covered with visible dots against the light, very aromatic (citrus odor), they are arranged in whorls of three or in some cases they are opposite, leathery texture. Oblong and lanceolate-oblong shaped, apex slightly apiculate, attenuate base, petiole about 3–4 mm.
|
|
The "g" subscript refers to the granitic layer through which Lg waves propagate. . See also J. R. Kayal, "Seismic Waves and Earthquake Location", here, page 5. a complex form of the Love wave which, although a surface wave, he found provided a result more closely related to the scale than the scale.. Lg waves attenuate quickly along any oceanic path, but propagate well through the granitic continental crust, and MbLg is often used in areas of stable continental crust; it is especially useful for detecting underground nuclear explosions..
|
|
53 Because fermentation produces ethanol, which has a lower density than water (gravity of 0.787 at °C ), the apparent attenuation overestimates the actual percentage of sugars consumed. Brewers generally refer to this apparent attenuation when using the word without qualification, although the measurement of real attenuation — the actual percentage of sugar consumed by the yeast — is an important indicator of yeast health and for producing certain styles of beer. A beer which does not attenuate to the expected level in fermentation will have more residual sugar and thus be sweeter and heavier- bodied.
|
|
FBXL2 targets IP3R3 for degradation to avoid an excessive and prolonged flux of Ca2+ and to attenuate apoptosis in response to stress. This process requires presence of FBXL2 at membranes via geranylgeranylation, and is sensitive to GGTi-2418 (a CaaX peptidomimetic geranylgeranylation inhibitor that reached clinical trials). The degradation of IP3R3 is antagonized by the tumor suppressor PTEN, which competes with FBXL2 for binding to IP3R3, thereby preventing IP3R3 degradation and promoting cell death. FBXL2 is geranylgeranylated by GGTase3, a fourth and novel member of the human family of prenyltransferases, identified by the Pagano laboratory.
|
|
This much-branched evergreen tree varies in size from high. The leaves have an opposite, decussate arrangement, and are entire, long and wide; the apex is acute with a small hook or point, and the base is attenuate to cuneate. Leaf margins are entire and recurved, the upper surface is grey- green and glossy, and the lower surface has a dense covering of silvery, golden or brown scales. Domatia are absent; venation is obvious on the upper surface and obscure on the lower surface; the petiole is up to long.
|
|
Zaireichthys mandevillei is a species of loach catfish found in the Central African Republic and the Democratic Republic of the Congo where it is found in the Congo River Basin. It grows to a length of 2.6 cm and has a broad, black collar just behind the head and a spotted colour pattern. The barbels are attenuate, with the maxillary barbels extending posteriorly to middle to end of the pectoral fin spine and the caudal peduncle is slender. The humeral process of the pectoral girdle is short and without denticulations.
|
|
First, AMC or HIS surfaces are designed to have an allotted set of frequencies over which electromagnetic surface waves and currents will not be allowed to propagate. These materials are then both beneficial and practical as antenna ground planes, small flat signal processing filters, or filters as part of waveguide structures. For example, AMC surfaces as antenna ground planes are able to effectively attenuate undesirable wave fluctuations, or undulations, while producing good radiation patterns. This is because the material can suppress surface wave propagation within the prescribed range of forbidden frequencies.
|
|
Pasteur thought that there was something special about oxygen and this was why he was able to attenuate (create a less virulent version of) the virus. Pasteur also tried to apply this method to create a vaccine for anthrax, although with less success. Next, Pasteur wanted to apply this method to create a vaccine for rabies. However, rabies was, unbeknownst to him, caused by a virus, not a bacterial pathogen like cholera and anthrax, and for that reason rabies could not be cultured in the same way that cholera and anthrax could be.
|
|
Börden extend from the North German geest to the perimeter of the German Central Uplands and consist of loess that has been predominantly deposited by east winds. In some places the loess lies over boulder clay (on the rivers Weser, Leine and Oker), in others over Mesozoic and Tertiary sedimentary rocks (in the Hellwegbörden and the foreland of the Harz Mountains). The loess layers are up to 10 metres thick and tend to attenuate differences in relief. In the (sub-)oceanic climatic region the loess has been largely decalcified and loamified.
|
|
The strength of gold–nickel–copper alloys is caused by formation of two phases, a gold-rich Au–Cu, and a nickel-rich Ni–Cu, and the resulting hardening of the material. The alloys used in the jewelry industry are gold–palladium–silver and gold–nickel–copper–zinc. Palladium and nickel act as primary bleaching agents for gold; zinc acts as a secondary bleaching agent to attenuate the color of copper. The nickel used in some white gold alloys can cause an allergic reaction when worn over long periods (also notably on some wristwatch casings).
|
|
Pop filters are designed to attenuate the energy of the plosive, which otherwise might exceed the design input capacity of the microphone, leading to clipping. In effect, the plosive's discrete envelope of sound energy is intercepted and broken up by the strands of the filter material before it can impinge on, and momentarily distort, the sensitive diaphragm of the microphone. Pop filters do not appreciably affect hissing sounds or sibilance, for which de-essing is used. Additionally, a pop filter can protect against the accumulation of saliva on the microphone element.
|
|
Sound attenuators are typically located near ducted mechanical equipment, to attenuate noise which propagates down the duct. This creates a trade-off: the sound attenuator should be located near the fan and yet the air is typically more turbulent closer to fans and dampers. Ideally, sound attenuators should straddle the wall of the mechanical equipment room provided there are no fire dampers. If a sound attenuator is located over occupied space, the noise control engineer should confirm that duct breakout noise is not an issue prior to the attenuator.
|
|
Both airborne and vibrational waves are subject to interference and alteration from environmental factors. Factors such as wind and temperature influence airborne sound propagation, whereas propagation of seismic signals are affected by the substrate type and heterogeneity. Airborne sound waves spread spherically rather than cylindrically, attenuate more rapidly (losing 6 dB for every doubling of distance) than ground surface waves such as Rayleigh waves (3 dB loss for every doubling of distance), and thus ground surface waves maintain integrity longer.O’Connell-Rodwell, E.O., (2007). Keeping an “ear” to the ground: seismic communication in elephants.
|
|
To overcome the effects of attenuation distortion, communications circuits have special equalization equipment attached at the ends of the circuit or in between, designed to attenuate the signal evenly across the frequency spectrum, or to allow the signal to be received at equal amplitude for all frequencies. Attenuation distortion can still occur in a properly equipped circuit if this equalization filter is not properly maintained or adjusted. In DSL circuits, echoes due to impedance mismatch often cause attenuation distortion so severe that some frequencies must be automatically mapped out and not used.
|
|
LET depends on the nature of the radiation as well as on the material traversed. A high LET will attenuate the radiation more quickly, generally making shielding more effective and preventing deep penetration. On the other hand, the higher concentration of deposited energy can cause more severe damage to any microscopic structures near the particle track. If a microscopic defect can cause larger-scale failure, as is the case in biological cells and microelectronics, the LET helps explain why radiation damage is sometimes disproportionate to the absorbed dose.
|
|
Fast food began with the first fish and chip shops in Britain in the 1860s. Drive-through restaurants were first popularized in the 1950s in the United States. The term "fast food" was recognized in a dictionary by Merriam–Webster in 1951. Eating fast food has been linked to, among other things, cardiovascular disease, colorectal cancer, obesity, high cholesterol, insulin resistance conditions and depression. Controlling for other diet and lifestyle confounders of fast food consumers often doesn’t attenuate these associations and it sometimes strengthens the association between fast food consumption and mortality.
|
|
This vaccine could be administered by scarification, like the smallpox vaccine, and was given in combination to produce immunity to both diseases, but it also had severe systemic and neurologic complications in a few cases. Attempts to attenuate the virus used in the vaccine failed. Scientists at the Rockefeller Foundation developed another vaccine derived from the serum of an African named Asibi in 1927, the first isolation of the virus from a human. It was safer but involved the use of large amounts of human serum, which limited widespread use.
|
|
The mRNA will eventually be transcribed and comprise the upregulated HSPs that can alleviate the stress at hand and restore proteostasis. HSF1 will also regulate expression of HSPs through epigenetic modifications. The HSR will eventually attenuate as HSF1 returns to its monomeric form, negatively regulated through association with HSP70 and HSP90 along with additional post- translational modifications. The HSR is not only involved with increasing transcription levels of HSPs; other facets include stress-induced mRNA stability preventing errors in mRNA and enhanced control during translation to thwart misfolding.
|
|
The studio monitors over the window are a pair of UREI 813s, each of which has a 15-inch coaxial (below, with the blue rectangle), and a plain 15-inch driver (above). The high frequency component of the coax is a horn, which includes blue foam rubber to attenuate undesired anomalies. Coaxial loudspeakers in professional audio enable sound from two drivers to come from one source. This characteristic allows a wider field of listening to a synchronized summation of speaker drivers than loudspeaker enclosures containing physically separated drivers.
|
|
ONOO−) to attenuate the mobilization of NFκB and AP-1 transcription factors by reducing their accumulation in the nucleus of neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes; NFκB and AP-1 increase expression of pro-inflammatory genes. The two LXBs also trigger activation of Suppressor of cytokine signaling proteins (see SOCS proteins) which, in turn, inhibit activation of STAT protein transcription factors which up-regulate many genes making pro-inflammatory products. LXA4 and 15-epi-LXA4 are also high affinity antagonists of the Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 for which leukotrienes (LT) LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4 are agonists, i.e.
|
|
The climate is tropical, with a hot and humid season from November to March with temperatures between 27 °C and 30 °C, and a cooler, dry season from June to August with temperatures between 20 °C and 23 °C, linked by two short interstices. The tropical climate is strongly moderated by the oceanic influence and the trade winds that attenuate humidity, which can be close to 80%. The average annual temperature is 23 °C, with historical extremes of 2.3 °C and 39.1 °C. The rainfall records show that precipitation differs greatly within the island.
|
|
Feed horns are used mainly at microwave (SHF) and higher frequencies. The feedhorn also selects the polarization of the waves to be received, which helps to attenuate unwanted signals from adjacent channels and transponders, and from other communications satellites at nearby orbital positions. This can be either horizontal or vertical if the polarization is linear, or clockwise or counterclockwise (also called left- and right-handed) if it is circular. Certain devices can also allow a feedhorn to accept both linear and circular, though these cause a slight insertion loss to all incoming signals.
|
|
A differential interference contrast microscopy image of yeast cells Unstained biological structures appear mostly transparent under Bright-field microscopy as most cellular structures do not attenuate appreciable quantities of light. Nevertheless, the variation in the materials that constitutes these structures also corresponds to a variation in the refractive index. The following techniques convert such variation into measurable amplitude differences: To measure the spatial variation of refractive index in a sample phase-contrast imaging methods are used. These methods measure the variations in phase of the light wave exiting the sample.
|
|
Under sufficiently strong wind (> 30 ms−1), dust particles can be mobilized and lifted from the surface to the atmosphere. Some of the dust particles can be suspended in the atmosphere and travel by circulation before falling back to the ground. Dust particles can attenuate solar radiation and interact with infrared radiation, which can lead to a significant radiative effect on Mars. Orbiter measurements suggest that the globally-averaged dust optical depth has a background level of 0.15 and peaks in the perihelion season (southern spring and summer).
|
|
Buddleja utahensis is a compact, dwarf dioecious shrub reaching 0.3-1.0 m in height. The bark is rimose and greyish, while the plant structure is characterized by persistent naked twigs. The younger branches are terete, bearing subsessile linear to oblong leaves 1.5-3.5 cm long by 0.3-0.5 cm wide, rounded at the apex and attenuate at the base. Both surfaces of the leaves are densely short tomentose, bestowing a silver-grey appearance. The inflorescences are 4-12 cm long, with 3-7 pairs of heads forming verticels, subtended by leafy bracts.
|
|
Moreover, as zoonotic viruses also naturally exist in animal reservoirs, their survival is not dependent on transmission between new hosts; this means that emergent viruses are even more unlikely to attenuate for the purpose of maximal transmission, and they remain virulent. Although emergent viruses are frequently highly virulent, they are limited by several host factors including: innate immunity, natural antibodies and receptor specificity. If the host has previously been infected by a pathogen that is similar to the emergent virus, the host may also benefit from cross-protective immunity.
|
|
The film holder usually contains a number of filters that attenuate radiation, such that radiation types and energies can be differentiated by their effect when the film is developed. To monitor gamma rays or x-rays, the filters are metal, usually lead, aluminum, and copper. To monitor beta particle emission, the filters use various densities of plastic or even label material. It is typical for a single badge to contain a series of filters of different thicknesses and of different materials; the precise choice may be determined by the environment to be monitored.
|
|
Surface damping materials are very effective at reducing structure-borne noise. Passive damping materials have been used since the early 1960s in the aerospace industry. Over the years, advances in material manufacturing and the development of more efficient analytical and experimental tools to characterize complex dynamic behaviors enabled to expand the usage of these materials to the automotive industry. Nowadays, multiple viscoelastic damping pads are usually attached to the body in order to attenuate higher-order structural panel modes that significantly contribute to the overall noise level inside the cabin.
|
|
This study demonstrated an increase in unloaded shortening velocity, both in skinned fibers and in an in vitro motility assay, as well as enhanced contractility and relaxation in whole heart experiments. These studies were supported by further studies in transgenic rats overexpressing ALC-1 which showed enhanced rates of contraction and relaxation, as well as left ventricular developed pressure in Langendorff heart preparations. Importantly, overexpression of ALC-1 was shown to attenuate heart failure in pressure-overloaded animals, by enhancing left ventricular developed pressure, maximal velocity of pressure development and relaxation.
|
|
The forewings are brownish fuscous, darker on the basal third than beyond it, with a broad darkened oblique shade parallel with the termen at three-fourths, and a small dark spot about the upper angle of the cell. There is a broad white band along the costa, including at its origin the whole base of the wing, except for a short dark streak along the extreme costa, and gradually attenuate to its apex at the commencement of the costal cilia. The hindwings are pale greyish.Biologia Centrali-Americana Lep.
|
|
The forewings are dark chocolate-brown along the dorsum to two-fifths, this colour being diffused upward and outward obliquely, nearly reaching the costa beyond the middle, blending on its outer side into dark tawny fuscous, which embraces the whole outer half of the wing and cilia, but is slightly sprinkled with pale cinereous scales leaving a large pale tawny patch at the base of the costa, attenuate outward to a little beyond the middle. There is a small pale tawny dorsal spot before the tornus. The hindwings are dark brown.Biologia Centrali-Americana Lep.
|
|
The exploration and production industry has used land farming to treat oily petroleum industry wastes for years. Land farming is the controlled and repeated application of wastes to the soil surface, using microorganisms in the soil to naturally biodegrade hydrocarbon constituents, dilute and attenuate metals, and transform and assimilate waste constituents. Land farming can be a relatively low-cost drilling waste management approach. Some studies indicate that land farming does not adversely affect soils and may even benefit certain sandy soils by increasing their water-retaining capacity and reducing fertilizer losses.
|
|
The length of the shell attains 17 mm, its diameter 6 mm. (Original description) The fusiform shell has a fairly broadened body whorl, but a very attenuate spire It contains 9 whorls, of which the two whorls in the protoconch are smooth, diaphanous, and globular. The remainder show strong, rounded, shining, nodulous longitudinal ribs, about eight in number on the penultimate and body whorls. The suture is strongly raised-plicate, and spirally furnished with regular raised revolving lines, chestnut in colour, thus contrasting with the paler ochreous brown surface.
|
|
Derelict soils occur where industrial contamination or other development activity damages the soil to such a degree that the land cannot be used safely or productively. Remediation of derelict soil uses principles of geology, physics, chemistry and biology to degrade, attenuate, isolate or remove soil contaminants to restore soil functions and values. Techniques include leaching, air sparging, soil conditioners, phytoremediation, bioremediation and Monitored Natural Attenuation (MNA). An example of diffuse pollution with contaminants is copper accumulation in vineyards and orchards to which fungicides are repeatedly applied, even in organic farming.
|
|
The cutoff frequency of an electromagnetic waveguide is the lowest frequency for which a mode will propagate in it. In fiber optics, it is more common to consider the cutoff wavelength, the maximum wavelength that will propagate in an optical fiber or waveguide. The cutoff frequency is found with the characteristic equation of the Helmholtz equation for electromagnetic waves, which is derived from the electromagnetic wave equation by setting the longitudinal wave number equal to zero and solving for the frequency. Thus, any exciting frequency lower than the cutoff frequency will attenuate, rather than propagate.
|
|
In multimode fiber optics, mandrel wrapping is a technique used to preferentially attenuate high-order mode power of a propagating optical signal. Consequently, if the fibre is propagating substantial energy in affected modes, the modal distribution will be changed. A cylindrical rod wrap consists of a specified number turns of fiber on a mandrel of specified size, depending on the fibre characteristics and the desired modal distribution. It has application in optical transmission performance tests, to create a defined mode power distribution or to prevent multimode propagation in single mode fibre.
|
|
CBD has also been observed to attenuate the deficits in prose recall and visuo-spatial associative memory of those currently under the influence of cannabis, implying neuroprotective effects against heavy THC exposure. Neurogenesis might play a role in its neuroprotective effects, but further research is required. A few studies have reported a positive association between THC and hippocampal neurogenesis. Some of them hypotethize a biphasic effect, some of them express that part of the negative effects could be attributable to neuroadaptation due to exposure at a specific period of life, and that it could be reversed.
|
|
The body whorl is concavely attenuate at the base. The aperture is narrow, elongate-oval, ending in a moderately long open siphonal canal, which expands slightly in front, bends a little to the left, and is barely recurved. The outer lip is thick, sharp-edged, with a deep oblique posterior sinus of three- quarters of a circle, having a thickened reflected margin, and separated from the base of the whorl by a callous pad derived from the inner lip. Then it is straightly convex, with a wide, very shallow excavation at the base of the siphonal canal.
|
|
Gonadotropin surge-attenuating factor (GnSAF) is a nonsteroidal ovarian hormone produced by the granulosa cells of small antral ovarian follicles in females. GnSAF is involved in regulating the secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary and the ovarian cycle. During the early to mid-follicular phase of the ovarian cycle, GnSAF acts on the anterior pituitary to attenuate LH release, limiting the secretion of LH to only basal levels. At the transition between follicular and luteal phase, GnSAF bioactivity declines sufficiently to permit LH secretion above basal levels, resulting in the mid-cycle LH surge that initiates ovulation.
|
|
Illustration from Sketches of Japanese Manners and Customs, by J. M. W. Silver, Illustrated by Native Drawings, Reproduced in Facsimile by Means of Chromolithography, London, 1867 The first recorded act of seppuku was performed by Minamoto no Yorimasa during the Battle of Uji in 1180. Seppuku was used by warriors to avoid falling into enemy hands and to attenuate shame and avoid possible torture. Samurai could also be ordered by their daimyō (feudal lords) to carry out seppuku. Later, disgraced warriors were sometimes allowed to carry out seppuku rather than be executed in the normal manner.
|
|
Hookworm infections in humans can last for several years, and re-infection can occur very shortly after treatment, suggesting that hookworms effectively evade--and may interrupt or modulate-- the host immune system. Successful hookworm vaccines have been developed for several animal species. On the basis of prior work, human vaccine development has targeted antigens from both the larval and adult stages of the hookworm life cycle; a combined vaccine for humans that would provide more complete protection. Current targets of larval proteins attenuate larval migration through host tissue; targets of adult proteins have been demonstrated to block enzymes vital to hookworm feeding.
|
|
Azacyclonol (trade names Ataractan, Calmeran, Frenoton, Frenquel, Psychosan), also known as γ-pipradrol, is a drug which is an ataractive; an agent which diminishes hallucinations in psychotic individuals. It has also been called a tranquilizer and antipsychotic, though these definitions are not accurate as it does not actually possess such properties. Despite being a positional isomer of pipradrol, it is not a psychostimulant, and instead has mild depressant effects. The drug was introduced in Europe in the mid-1950s for the treatment of schizophrenia likely because it was found to attenuate the subjective psychedelic effects of LSD and mescaline in humans.
|
|
Most bulking fibers are not fermented or are minimally fermented throughout the intestinal tract. Viscous fibers thicken the contents of the intestinal tract and may attenuate the absorption of sugar, reduce sugar response after eating, and reduce lipid absorption (notably shown with cholesterol absorption). Their use in food formulations is often limited to low levels, due to their viscosity and thickening effects. Some viscous fibers may also be partially or fully fermented within the intestinal tract (guar gum, beta-glucan, glucomannan and pectins), but some viscous fibers are minimally or not fermented (modified cellulose such as methylcellulose and psyllium).
|
|
An anti-aliasing filter (AAF) is a filter used before a signal sampler to restrict the bandwidth of a signal to satisfy the Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem over the band of interest. Since the theorem states that unambiguous reconstruction of the signal from its samples is possible when the power of frequencies above the Nyquist frequency is zero, a brick wall filter is an idealized but impractical AAF. A practical AAF trades off between bandwidth and aliasing. A practical anti-aliasing filter will typically permit some aliasing to occur or attenuate or otherwise distort some in-band frequencies close to the Nyquist limit.
|
|
Seismic tomography is a technique that uses seismic waves produced by earthquakes to gather information on the composition of the crust and mantle below a volcanic system. Different layers and structures in the Earth have different propagation speeds of seismic waves and attenuate them differently, resulting in different arrival times and strengths of waves travelling in a certain direction. From various measurements 3D models of the geological structures can be inferred. Results of such research indicate that a highly hydrated slab derived from the Nazca Plate – a major source of melts in a collisional volcanism system – underlies the Western Cordillera.
|
|
Sensitivity time control (STC), also known as swept-gain control, is a system used to attenuate the very strong signals returned from nearby ground clutter targets in the first few range gates of a radar receiver. Without this attenuation, the receiver would routinely saturate due to the strong signals. This is used in air traffic control systems and has an influence on the shape of the elevation pattern of the surveillance antenna. It is represented in terms of numerical value typically expressed in decibels (dB), starting from zero, indicating that there is no muting and that the radar system is accepting all returns.
|
|
That was a cause of many of the worst famines of the nineteenth century. Once the salient features of the Permanent Settlement were reproduced all over India, and indeed elsewhere in the Empire, including Kenya, the political structure was altered forever. The landlord class held much greater power than they had under the Mughals, who subjected them to oversight by a trained bureaucracy with the power to attenuate their tenure. The power of the landlord caste/class over smallholders was not diluted in India until the first efforts towards land reform in the 1950s, still incomplete everywhere except West Bengal.
|
|
As from the beginning, the French understood that to attenuate Muslim resistance to their presence, mainly in Algeria, they had to resort to the divide and rule doctrine. The most obvious divide that could be instrumentalized in this perspective was the ethnic one. Therefore, France employed some official colonial practices to tighten its control over Algeria by creating racial tensions between Arabs and Berbers and between Jews and Muslims. Others argue that the Berber language and traditions are deeply rooted in the North African cultural mosaic; for centuries, Berber culture has survived conquests, repression, and exclusion from different invaders: Romans, Arabs, and French.
|
|
In liquid jet engines, the droplet size and distribution can be used to attenuate the instabilities. Combustion instabilities are a major concern in ground-based gas turbine engines because of NOx emissions. The tendency is to run lean, an equivalence ratio less than 1, to reduce the combustion temperature and thus reduce the NOx emissions; however, running the combustion lean makes it very susceptible to combustion instability. The Rayleigh Criterion is the basis for analysis of thermoacoustic combustion instability and is evaluated using the Rayleigh Index over one cycle of instabilityJohn William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh, Sc.D.,F.
|
|
Cadmium telluride (CdTe) and cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) detectors have been developed for use in X-ray spectroscopy and gamma spectroscopy. The high density of these materials mean they can effectively attenuate X-rays and gamma-rays with energies of greater than 20keV that traditional silicon-based sensors are unable to detect. The wide band gap of these materials also mean they have high resistivity and are able to operate at, or close to, room temperature (~295K) unlike germanium-based sensors. These detector materials can be used to produce sensors with different electrode structures for imaging and high resolution spectroscopy.
|
|
Practical filters have non- flat frequency or phase response in the pass band and incomplete suppression of the signal elsewhere. The ideal sinc waveform has an infinite response to a signal, in both the positive and negative time directions, which is impossible to perform in real time – as it would require infinite delay. Consequently, real reconstruction filters typically either allow some energy above the Nyquist rate, attenuate some in-band frequencies, or both. For this reason, oversampling may be used to ensure that frequencies of interest are accurately reproduced without excess energy being emitted out of band.
|
|
The framework attempts to explain the process by which risks are amplified, receiving public attention, or attenuated, receiving less public attention. The framework may be used to compare responses from different groups in a single event, or analyze the same risk issue in multiple events. In a single risk event, some groups may amplify their perception of risks while other groups may attenuate, or decrease, their perceptions of risk. The main thesis of SARF states that risk events interact with individual psychological, social and other cultural factors in ways that either increase or decrease public perceptions of risk.
|
|
Richard Arkwright employed John Kay to produce a new spinning machine that Kay had worked on with (or possibly stolen from) another inventor called Thomas Highs. With the help of other local craftsmen the team produced the spinning frame, which produced a stronger thread than the spinning jenny produced by James Hargreaves. The frame employed the draw rollers invented by Lewis Paul to stretch, or attenuate, the yarn. The roller spinning process starts with a thick on 'string' of loose fibres called a roving, which is passed between three pairs of rollers, each pair rotating slightly faster than the previous one.
|
|
Moderately to strongly branched, erect, evergreen shrub, usually 0.5–1 m, occasionally up to 2 m high. Leaves alternate, clustered towards the apices of the branches, oblanceolate, rarely lanceolate, strongly attenuate towards base, up to 12 cm long and 3 cm wide, somewhat coriaceous, glabrous, apex acute, margin entire. Inflorescence adense, globular capitule up to 2.5 cm in diameter, situated axillary on peduncles 3 to 4 cm long; groups of 5 to 10 capitules clustered towards apices of branches; peduncles, involucre, calyx and the subfusiform receptacle pubescent. Calyx deeply 5-partite, with linear to lanceolate lobes.
|
|
One way to attenuate a virus to a host is by passing the virus in a different species. The idea is that, as a strain of a virus becomes more adapted to a different species, that strain will become less adapted to the original host, thus decreasing in virulence with respect to the original host. This is the implicit principle that Louis Pasteur was unknowingly making use of when he passed the rabies virus in monkeys and ended up with a virus that was less dangerous to dogs, for example. The process of serial passage yields a live vaccine.
|
|
Mn3O4@nanoerythrocyte-T7 (MNET) nanosponges can regulate oxygen and scavenge free radicals in the event of an ischemic stroke, which is a global leading cause of death and disability. These engineered nanosponges can help attenuate hypoxia after a stroke by mimicking red blood cells and increasing the amount of oxygen in the infarct area. This allows for the extension of the survival time of neurocytes, a crucial part of treating an ischemic stroke because their normal functions must be maintained. MNET works because it contains hemoglobin, which allows for there to be an oxygen sponge effect.
|
|
Propagating electromagnetic waves would have a wavelength measured in kilometers at this low frequency. The electric fields produced by biological organisms like fish attenuate rapidly in aquatic environments and have a field magnitude around zero at ranges of a few meters at which fish detect these fields. Unlike sounds waves in hearing, there is no velocity vector to describe propagation, shadow cast by the receiver's body, or temporal delay associated with propagation. The non-propagating electric field only gives curved paths about signal direction, but no information about delay times or a direct path to the source.Bodznick, D., & Montgomery, J. C. (2005).
|
|
High- frequency signal lines may attenuate or prevent sheath currents using a sheath current filter which is applied to a coaxial cable in or near the device. In the simplest case, this is a ferrite bead, it includes the coaxial inner and outer conductor and acts as a common-mode choke. At the same time, a ferrite bead has a transformer effect, so that a useful signal is confirmed as differential-mode. To increase the inductance compared to the unwanted common mode signal component, the cable can also be repeatedly passed through or wound around the bead.
|
|
For example, a witness who freely and voluntarily testifies is enough of an independent intervening factor to sufficiently "attenuate" the connection between the government's illegal discovery of the witness and the witness's voluntary testimony itself. (United States v. Ceccolini, 435 U.S. 268 (1978)) The "fruit of the poisonous tree" doctrine is an extension of the exclusionary rule, which, subject to some exceptions, prevents evidence obtained in violation of the Fourth Amendment from being admitted in a criminal trial. Like the exclusionary rule, the fruit of the poisonous tree doctrine is intended to deter police from using illegal means to obtain evidence.
|
|
A Compound refractive lens (CRL) is a series of individual lenses arranged in a linear array in order to achieve focusing of X-rays in the energy range of 5-40 keV. They are an alternative to the KB mirror. For all materials the real part of the refractive index for X-rays is close to 1, hence a single conventional lens for X-rays has an extremely long focal length (for practical lens sizes). In addition, X-rays attenuate as they pass through a material so that conventional lenses for X-rays have long been considered impractical.
|
|
Although similar in size to polecats, its attenuate body, long neck, very short legs, slim tail, large orbicular ears and close-set pelage is much closer in conformation to weasels and stoats. The dentition of the black- footed ferret closely resembles that of the European and steppe polecat, though the back lower molar is vestigial, with a hemispherical crown which is too small and weak to develop the little cusps which are more apparent in polecats. Males measure in body length and in tail length, thus constituting 22–25% of its body length. Females are typically 10% smaller than males.
|
|
The residual inhibition (RI) effect, first noted in 1903, is the capacity of a sound of the right frequency and intensity to briefly attenuate or suppress tinnitus. To distinguish the tailored sound used for inhibition from the broadband undifferentiated sound employed in tinnitus maskers, it is usually referred to as the 'trigger' or 'quieting' sound. The trigger sound is closely matched to the pitch and spectrum of the tinnitus, and as loud or somewhat louder than the perceived loudness of the tinnitus. The trigger sound is applied to the ear or ears with tinnitus and typically lasts a minute or two.
|
|
Castles are widely used to shield radioactive "sources" (see notes) In this use of the term, a "source" is a radioactive material created so as to provide a source of radiation for calibration, test or irradiation purposes where the intensity, energy and radiation type is known and radioactive materials, either in the laboratory or plant environment. The purpose of the castle is to shield people from gamma radiation. Lead will not efficiently attenuate neutrons. If an experiment or pilot plant is to be observed, a viewing window of lead glass may be used to give gamma shielding but allow visibility.
|
|
Discospermum philippinensis is an endemic species of genus Discospermum, which are flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. The species was described in 2015, and was found on Mt. Banahaw, Tayabas, Quezon Province, Philippines at an elevation of 623 m. This species closely resemble that of D. whitfordii because of its persistent calyx, and prominent disk below the fruit apex. However, the species differs from D. whitfordii due to leaf blades with a much larger dimensions, the leaf apex of which are acute to attenuate, the fruits of which are faintly ribbed, with the thin mesocarp that are smaller, and fewer seeds per locule.
|
|
The Asayîşa Êzîdxanê are officially not subordinated to the Sinjar Resistance Units and shall attenuate the dependence from institutional powers. The lack of faith in the official powers is a consequence of the escape of Peshmerga-troops in August 2014, which enabled the Genocide of Yazidis by ISIL, which overrun the lines of the Peshmerga into the land of the Yazidis. The new-founded force has the aim to create safety in the area controlled by the PKK and Sinjar Resistance Units to enable the return of the Yazidis in the exodus. Recently, about 90% of the Yazidis hasn't returned to Sinjar yet.
|
|
Although dCas9 lacks endonuclease activity, it is still capable of binding to its guide RNA and the DNA strand that is being targeted because such binding is managed by other domains. This alone is often enough to attenuate if not outright block transcription of the targeted gene if the gRNA positions dCas9 in a way that prevents transcriptional factors and RNA polymerase from accessing the DNA. However, this ability to bind DNA can also be exploited for activation since dCas9 has modifiable regions, typically the N and C terminus of the protein, that can be used to attach transcriptional activators.
|
|
The neurophysiological mechanisms by which phantom limbs occur is still under debate. A common theory posits that the afferent neurons, since deafferented due to amputation, typically remap to adjacent cortical regions within the brain. This can cause amputees to report feeling their missing limb being touched when a seemingly unrelated part of the body is stimulated (such as if the face is touched, but the amputee also feels their missing arm being stroked in a specific location). Another facet of phantom limbs is that the efferent copy (motor feedback) responsible for reporting on position to the body schema does not attenuate quickly.
|
|
The primary treatment is removal from exposure. Contaminated clothing should be removed and placed in airtight bags to prevent secondary exposure. For external exposure, bathing the mucous membrane surfaces that have contacted capsaicin with oily compounds such as vegetable oil, paraffin oil, petroleum jelly (Vaseline), creams, or polyethylene glycol is the most effective way to attenuate the associated discomfort; since oil and capsaicin are both hydrophobic hydrocarbons, the capsaicin that has not already been absorbed into tissues will be picked up into solution and easily removed. Capsaicin can also be washed off the skin using soap, shampoo, or other detergents.
|
|
On the marginal lands, the more pastoral tribes of Berbers roamed widely to find grazing for their animals. Modern conjecture is that feuding between neighborhood clans at first impeded organized political life among these ancient Berber farmers, so that social coordination did not develop beyond the village level, whose internal harmony could vary.Brett and Fentress, The Berbers (1996) at 33-34 (villages and clans), at 135 (semi- pastoral). Tribal authority was strongest among the wandering pastoralists, much weaker among the agricultural villagers, and would later attenuate further with the advent of cities connected to strong commercial networks and foreign polities.
|
|
The fact that NS1 is involved in the pathogenicity of influenza A viruses makes it a good target to attenuate these viruses. Several studies demonstrated that influenza viruses with partial deletions in NS1 proteins are attenuated and do not cause disease, but induce a protective immune response in different species including mice, pigs, horses, birds and macaques. Although it had been known for more than a decade that influenza viruses with partial deletions in NS1 proteins were attenuated, all but one NS1 truncation variants of influenza A viruses were generated by in vitro mutagenesis. Wang et al.
|
|
Basic heteroaromatic boronic acids (boronic acids that contain a basic nitrogen atom, such as 2-pyridine boronic acid) display additional protodeboronation mechanisms. A key finding shows the speciation of basic heteroaromatic boronic acids to be analogous to that of simple amino acids, with zwitterionic species forming under neutral pH conditions. For the 2-pyridine boronic acid, the zwitterionic compound is responsible for its rapid protodeboronation under neutral pH, through a unimolecular fragmentation of the C-B bond. In fact, the addition of acid (H+) or hydroxide (OH-) acts to attenuate protodeboronation by shifting the speciation away from the reactive zwitterion.
|
|
At the base of the forewings is a large greyish cinereous patch, which, after following the fold nearly to its middle is attenuate upward and outward to the commencement of the costal cilia. The remainder of the wing is of varying shades of dark chestnut-brown, containing a small black spot on the fold, and a larger circular spot of the same colour at the end of the cell. There is a faint shade, rising from before the tornus, running nearly parallel with the termen and vanishing half-way between the discal spot and the apex. The hindwings are greyish fuscous.
|
|
Each of these mutations maps to the kinase domain of DBT gene. The short- and long-period alleles of DBT enhance or attenuate, respectively, PER degradation in the nucleus, further demonstrating the importance of timely PER degradation as a critical determinant in establishing 24-h rhythmicity. In addition to influencing protein degradation, DBT affects the timing of nuclear accumulation of PER. The short-period mutant dbtS delays PER nuclear accumulation, which is independent of PER protein stability, and arrhythmic alleles of dbt cause nuclear accumulation of PER in clock-containing cells of larval and adult Drosophila.
|
|
The cables must be properly prepared (the end of the fibre itself cleaned) before connections are made and provision must be made to attenuate the LNB signal, to avoid overloading the receiver, if it is not split between receivers as there is so little attenuation inherent in the cable. The optical LNB requires two cables connected – the fibre signal cable and a separate F-connector cable to supply the 12V supply to power the LNB electronics. If the installation is a conversion from an electrical system to fibre, an existing redundant coaxial signal cable can be used for the power supply.
|
|
Many radioactive sources are sealed, meaning they are permanently either completely contained in a capsule or firmly bonded solid to a surface. Capsules are usually made of stainless steel, titanium, platinum or another inert metal. The use of sealed sources removes almost all risk of dispersion of radioactive material into the environment due to mishandling, but the container is not intended to attenuate radiation, so further shielding is required for radiation protection. Sealed sources are used in almost all applications where the source does not need to be chemically or physically included in a liquid or gas.
|
|
The effect of physically bending an optical fibre around a cylindrical form is to slightly modify the effective refractive index in the curved region, which locally reduces the effective mode volume of the fibre. This causes optical power in the highest order modes to become unguided, or so weakly guided as to be released into an unbound state, absorbed by the fiber coating or completely ejected from the fibre. The practical effect of mandrel wrapping is to attenuate optical power propagating in the highest order modes. Lower order modes are unaffected, experiencing neither increased loss nor conversion into other modes (mode mixing).
|
|
Licorice, which has indirect mineralocorticoid activity by inhibiting mineralocorticoid metabolism, has been found to inhibit the antimineralocorticoid effects of spironolactone. Moreover, the addition of licorice to spironolactone has been found to reduce the antimineralocorticoid side effects of spironolactone in women treated with it for hyperandrogenism, and licorice hence may be used to reduce these side effects in women treated with spironolactone as an antiandrogen who are bothered by them. On the opposite end of the spectrum, spironolactone is useful in reversing licorice- induced hypokalemia. Aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been found to attenuate the diuresis and natriuresis induced by spironolactone, but, not to affect its antihypertensive effect.
|
|
"Military History on the Electronic Frontier: Wikipedia Fights the War of 1812," The Journal of Military History (October 2012) 76#4 pp 1165-82 online In March 2014, researchers from the Benedictine University at Mesa in Arizona studied how online interactions affect face-to-face meetings. The study is titled, "Face to Face Versus Facebook: Does Exposure to Social Networking Web Sites Augment or Attenuate Physiological Arousal Among the Socially Anxious," published in Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking. They analyzed 26 female students with electrodes to measure social anxiety. Prior to meeting people, the students were shown pictures of the subject they were expected to meet.
|
|
Niacin has also been shown to attenuate neuroinflammation in part through NIACR1 binding; consequently, HCA2 has been identified as a potential therapeutic target for treating neuroimmune disorders such as multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's disease. The precise mechanism of action of niacin therapeutic effects has not been fully elucidated, but appears to work in part through activation of HCA2 which reduces the levels of intracellular cAMP thereby inhibiting lipolysis in adipocytes. In contrast, the flushing effect is due to HCA2 activation of ERK 1/2 MAP kinase mediated by arrestin beta 1. Activation of MAP kinase in turn causes release of prostaglandin D2 from Langerhans cells in the skin.
|
|
This relationship between landscape and figure presents a clear contrast to the striking settings of Leonardo, which communicate the threatening presence of nature. But the most notable characteristic that distinguishes these portraits from those of Leonardo is the overall sense of serenity which even the close attention to the materials of clothes and jewels (which draw one's attention to the couple's wealth) is unable to attenuate. Every element - even those of secondary importance - works together to create a precise balance. These works, linked not only by the kinship of the subjects, but also by their evident stylistic homogeneity, mark the beginning of Raphael's artistic maturity.
|
|
Males and females upperside black; markings orange yellow. Forewing: discoidal streak very broad and long, descending a little below vein 4; a short broad band sloping obliquely outwards from middle of dorsum to beyond vein 3, another short broad and somewhat clavate (club-shaped) band sloping obliquely outwards from apical third of costa to below vein 5; beyond these, a subterminal slender line. Hindwing: a subbasal, transverse, very broad, somewhat paler yellow band; a postdiscal slightly narrower transverse band, not quite reaching the costa, anteriorly attenuate, curved slightly inwards; a very faint and ill-defined pale subterminal line. Underside dusky brownish black, the markings as on the upperside but much blurred.
|
|
PF-670462 also stalls deterioration caused by UVB eye irradiation in a mouse model of ulcerative colitis, and reduces the accumulation of leukemic cells in the peripheral blood and spleen in a mouse model for Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). PF-5006739, 4-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(piperidin-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl]pyrimidin-2-amine derivative has been shown to attenuate the opioid drug-seeking behavior in rodents. Furthermore, it leads to a phase delay of circadian rhythm in nocturnal and diurnal animal models. N-benzothiazolyl-2-phenyl acetamide derivatives developed by Salado and co-workers show protective effects on in vivo hTDP-43 neurotoxicity in Drosophila.
|
|
Sunglasses' lenses are designed to attenuate light; sunglass lenses that also correct visual impairments can be custom made. Other uses are in imaging systems such as monoculars, binoculars, telescopes, microscopes, cameras and projectors. Some of these instruments produce a virtual image when applied to the human eye; others produce a real image that can be captured on photographic film or an optical sensor, or can be viewed on a screen. In these devices lenses are sometimes paired up with curved mirrors to make a catadioptric system where the lens's spherical aberration corrects the opposite aberration in the mirror (such as Schmidt and meniscus correctors).
|
|
In opposing phase, it decreases about 3 decibels. As a Helmholtz resonator, the air at the opening is vibrating in or out of phase with the air in the box and in or out of phase with the strings. These resonance interactions attenuate or amplify the sound at different frequencies, boosting or damping various harmonic tones. Ultimately, the cavity air vibrations couple to the outside air through the sound hole, though some variants of the acoustic guitar omit this hole, or have f holes, like a violin family instrument (a trait found in some electric guitars such as the ES-335 and ES-175 models from Gibson).
|
|
Cartoon depicting a shift in spectrum of a small molecule sensor upon the binding of a metal Most detection mechanisms involved in small molecule sensors comprise some modulation in the fluorescent behavior of the sensing molecule upon binding the target metal. When a metal coordinates to such a sensor, it may either enhance or reduce the original fluorescent emission. The former is known as the Chelation Enhancement Fluorescence effect (CHEF), while the latter is called the Chelation Enhancement Quenching effect (CHEQ). By changing the intensity of emission at different wavelengths, the resulting fluorescent spectrum may attenuate, amplify, or shift upon the binding and dissociation of a metal.
|
|
Such IR observations have determined that in dense clouds (where there are enough particles to attenuate the destructive UV radiation) thin ice layers coat the microscopic particles, permitting some low-temperature chemistry to occur. Since hydrogen is by far the most abundant molecule in the universe, the initial chemistry of these ices is determined by the chemistry of the hydrogen. If the hydrogen is atomic, then the H atoms react with available O, C and N atoms, producing "reduced" species like H2O, CH4, and NH3. However, if the hydrogen is molecular and thus not reactive, this permits the heavier atoms to react or remain bonded together, producing CO, CO2, CN, etc.
|
|
Drug toxicity and aversion exist in humans and are at odds with the theory of drug reward. Chronic drug use is harmful in humans and the human brain has evolved defenses to prevent, not reinforce, drug abuse. In response to the evolution of plant chemical defenses, herbivores have co-evolved a number of countermeasures, including (1) compounds that prevent or attenuate induction of plant chemical defenses; (2) detoxification mechanisms, including enzymes and symbiotic relationships with microbes to detoxify or extract nutrients from plant defenses, and cellular membrane carrier proteins for toxin transport; and (3) chemosensors and aversive learning mechanisms that permit selective feeding on less toxic tissues.
|
|
One method is to connect a bass guitar amplifier's speaker level output (via a pad, to attenuate the signal) to a DI and then run it to one channel of the mixing console, and run a miked guitar speaker cabinet signal into another channel of the mixing console. Another method is to connect a DI between the guitar and the amplifier. The DI signal and mic'd guitar speaker can then be selectively blended, with the DI providing a more immediate, present, bright, un-equalized sound, and the microphone providing a more 'live' sound, with instrument amplifier and speaker enclosure characteristics and some room ambience (natural reverb).
|
|
Proper mounting of the transducer is required to ensure the best response to reflected sound. In addition, the hopper, bin, or tank should be relatively free of obstacles such as weldments, brackets, or ladders to minimise false returns and the resulting erroneous response, although most modern systems have sufficiently "intelligent" echo processing to make engineering changes largely unnecessary except where an intrusion blocks the "line of sight" of the transducer to the target. Since the ultrasonic transducer is used both for transmitting and receiving the acoustic energy, it is subject to a period of mechanical vibration known as "ringing". This vibration must attenuate (stop) before the echoed signal can be processed.
|
|
Other impulses, such as fear of punishment, can outweigh or even attenuate aggression instigations until it disappears, which would explain situations where frustration does not lead to outright aggression. In his article published in 1941, Gregory Bateson observed the frustration-aggression hypothesis under a cultural angle. According to him, culture was implicitly involved in the hypothesis itself, as it was dealing with human behaviour, which is always formed and influenced by the environment, be it social or cultural. He stated that it is easier to fit the hypothesis in people whose culture portray life as series of neutral or frustrating events that lead to satisfying ends.
|
|
The time at which a cue is presented has an important effect on whether it will be an efficient cue or not in either attenuating or enhancing recovery. If a cue is featured in extinction, it will attenuate spontaneous recovery more so than an equally familiar control cue that was featured in conditioning. This is because spontaneous recovery depends on the cue's specific correlation with extinction, and reintroducing a stimulus that is correlated with extinction will reduce spontaneous recovery of the response in future attempts at its retrieval. Proposed views on extinction cues suggest that they reduce the degree to which the test condition matches conditioning.
|
|
Markus Kuhn has discovered several low-cost techniques for reducing the chances that emanations from computer displays can be monitored remotely. With CRT displays and analog video cables, filtering out high-frequency components from fonts before rendering them on a computer screen will attenuate the energy at which text characters are broadcast. With modern flat panel displays, the high-speed digital serial interface (DVI) cables from the graphics controller are a main source of compromising emanations. Adding random noise to the least significant bits of pixel values may render the emanations from flat-panel displays unintelligible to eavesdroppers but is not a secure method.
|
|
Increased activity in the striatum and OFC has also been reported in euthymia during anticipation and receipt of reward, although this finding is extremely inconsistent. These abnormalities may be related to circadian rhythm dysfunction in bipolar, including increased sleep latency, evening preference and poor sleep quality, as the neural systems responsible for both processes are functionally linked. A few lines of evidence suggest that elevated dopamine signaling, possibly due to reduced functionality in DAT, underlie abnormalities in reward function. Dopaminergic drugs such as L-DOPA can precipitate mania, and drugs that attenuate dopaminergic signaling extracellularly (antipsychotics) and intracellularly (lithium) can be efficacious in treating mania.
|
|
This relationship between landscape and figure presents a clear contrast to the striking settings of Leonardo, which communicate the threatening presence of nature. But the most notable characteristic that distinguishes these portraits from those of Leonardo is the overall sense of serenity which even the close attention to the materials of clothes and jewels (which draw one's attention to the couple's wealth) is unable to attenuate. Every element - even those of secondary importance - works together to create a precise balance. These works, linked not only by the kinship of the subjects, but also by their evident stylistic homogeneity, mark the beginning of Raphael's artistic maturity.
|
|
The final effect is a decreased risk of mitochondrial injury from fatty acid oxidation and a reduction of the production of acylcarnitines, which has been implicated in the development of insulin resistance. Because of its inhibitory effects on L-carnitine biosynthesis and its subsequent glycolytic effects as well as reduced acylcarnitine production, meldonium has been indicated for use in diabetic patients. In animal models and a very small clinical trial, meldonium has been shown to reduce blood glucose concentrations, exhibit cardioprotective effects and prevent or reduce the severity of diabetic complications. Long term treatment has also been shown to attenuate the development of atherosclerosis in the heart.
|
|
The University of Western Australia Bioacoustics group proposes that repeated reflections between the surface and ocean bottom in gently sloping shallow water may attenuate sound so much that the echo is inaudible to the whales. Stirred up sand as well as long-lived microbubbles formed by rain may further exacerbate the effect. A 2017 study by scientists from Germany's University of Kiel suggests that large geomagnetic disruptions of the Earth's magnetic field, brought on through solar storms, could be another cause for whale beachings. The authors hypothesize that whales navigate using the Earth's magnetic field by detecting differences in the field's strength to find their way.
|
|
A 1930s era combo amplifier and a Rickenbacker electric upright bass from 1935. The bassists who first sought methods to make their instruments louder were upright bass players. While the upright bass is a large instrument, standing about six feet tall (with its endpin extended), due to its low register it is not a loud instrument when played acoustically, as lower frequencies attenuate rapidly with distance and because human hearing is less sensitive at low frequencies. In the 1890s and early 1900s, upright bass players performing in bars and brothels often found it difficult to be heard by the audience over louder instruments such as trumpet.
|
|
Some higher-cost amps may have a parametric equalizer (or a semi-parametric equalizer) for some frequency ranges (typically the middle frequency range), which can be used to modify the bass tone to suit different styles or performance venues. Some bass amps have a 15 or 20 dB pad which can be used to attenuate "hot" signals, such as basses with an internal preamplifier (depending on the model of amplifier, some brands may provide two inputs (high and low gain) instead of providing a "pad". This pad can be turned on using a button. Some bass amps have an even stronger pad, a 40 dB pad.
|
|
The pedicel is 1 cm, green; the perianth has a short green tube, 5 mm, much shorter than the tepal segments, spreading in six white tepals, 15 mm long and 2.5 mm wide, linear-lanceolate, a bit broadened below the apex, gradually attenuate (narrowing) towards the base, subequal (nearly equal), keeled green on the abaxial surface, keel formed by 3 closely spaced veins. The stamens are biseriate, free, inserted at the throat, 3 equaling the tepals, 3 shorter; filaments filiform; anthers dorsifixed (attached to the filaments at their middle), oblong, versatile, yellow; style white, filiform, and terete. Stigma captitate, obscurely 3-lobed. Ovary with 3 locules; ovules 5-6 per locule.
|
|
Although parasympathetic nervous system activity is correlated with aspects of shift-and-persist coping, it is not yet established that the use of these strategies actually increases parasympathetic nervous system activity. The oxytocin system has also been identified as another potential mechanism by which shift-and-persist strategies could influence health outcomes. Oxytocin is a hormone that has been linked to a wide range of positive social and emotional functions and can be used to effectively attenuate hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and sympathetic nervous system responses to stress. However, there is little research examining the interplay between shift-and-persist strategy use and the oxytocin system.
|
|
The result is that the UV detector is "solar blind", meaning it will not cause an alarm in response to radiation from the Sun, so it can easily be used both indoors and outdoors. UV detectors are sensitive to most fires, including hydrocarbons, metals, sulfur, hydrogen, hydrazine, and ammonia. Arc welding, electrical arcs, lightning, X-rays used in nondestructive metal testing equipment (though this is highly unlikely), and radioactive materials can produce levels that will activate a UV detection system. The presence of UV-absorbing gases and vapors will attenuate the UV radiation from a fire, adversely affecting the ability of the detector to detect flames.
|
|
The reed is whittled directly in the bark (idioglottic reed) after the bark has been thinned. A small ball of wax pressed onto the base of the reed is used to fine-tune the pipe to give the orchestra a homogeneous sound. The segment of the pipe which contains the reed is stuck into the wind-chest and the joint is plugged with beeswax. A finger-hole is drilled into the outer part of the pipe, and to finish off the instrument a bamboo cap is put over the other end of the pipe in order to attenuate the tone and produce a more velvety sound.
|
|
The leaf blade is inverted egg-shaped to elliptic, 6–9 cm (2.6–4.6 in) long and wide. The tip is mostly sharply, rarely bluntly pointy, the base tapering gradually to a point (or attenuate), the margin with coarse and irregular teeth, perhaps somewhat lobed, seldomly almost entire, rolled down. On the underside a netted structure of veins is visible but on the upper surface, only a single main vein can be distinguished. The leaves are often coloured dark red, both surfaces may be hairless or set with few or many short woolly hairs, but the leaf surfaces are always visible through the indumentum.
|
|
In order for in-ear monitors to double up as hearing protection, custom earpieces should be used. The process for having custom earpieces made is similar to that of the custom musician's earplug and, similarly, the earpiece will be made of silicone or vinyl. While using an in-ear monitor can help protect hearing, the amount of protection provided by the monitor depends on the listening level that the musician chooses. Because of this, if the musician sets the monitor to a high level, the monitor may attenuate surrounding sound while still providing a potentially harmful level of sound directly to the musician's ear and therefore no longer serve a protective function.
|
|
ECoG signals are composed of synchronized postsynaptic potentials (local field potentials), recorded directly from the exposed surface of the cortex. The potentials occur primarily in cortical pyramidal cells, and thus must be conducted through several layers of the cerebral cortex, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), pia mater, and arachnoid mater before reaching subdural recording electrodes placed just below the dura mater (outer cranial membrane). However, to reach the scalp electrodes of a conventional electroencephalogram (EEG), electrical signals must also be conducted through the skull, where potentials rapidly attenuate due to the low conductivity of bone. For this reason, the spatial resolution of ECoG is much higher than EEG, a critical imaging advantage for presurgical planning.
|
|
Adaptive and innate Immune responses can be activated via membrane-anchored IgD that functions as a part of B-cell receptor (BCR) complexes or secreted- form of IgD that bounds to monocytes, mast cells, and basophil, respectively. Counter-intuitive to the conventional paradigm that activation of the immune system may potentially exacerbate autoimmune diseases and allergic skin inflammation, a study in 2010 by Nguyen TG et al. has first demonstrated that treatments with a monoclonal anti-IgD antibody can attenuate disease severity in an animal model of collagen-induced arthritis. This novel therapeutic effect by anti-IgD antibody treatment was later confirmed in mouse models of epidermolysis bullosa acquisita and in chronic contact hypersensitivity.
|
|
Amongst the styles of the therapist and the patient it could be given complementarities that improve the clinic work or missed encounters that disturb it. He described each patient as a combinatory of styles, with one of them dominant. Thus, he sustained that in the obsessive patient it predominates a narrative style, in the patient with anxiety hysteria, the dramatic with suspense style, in the patient with conversion hysteria, the dramatic with aesthetic impact style, in the transgressor patient, the epic style, in the depressive patient, the lyrical style and in the schizoid patient, the reflexive style. In each case it is possible to observe variations that accentuate or attenuate the stylistic pathological features.
|
|
DIPs have been shown to play a role in pathogenesis of certain viruses. One study demonstrates the relationship between a pathogen and its defective variant, showing how regulation of DI production allowed the virus to attenuate its own infectious replication, decreasing viral load and thus enhance its parasitic efficiency by preventing the host from dying too fast. This also provides the virus with more time to spread and infect new hosts. DIP generation is regulated within viruses: the Coronavirus SL-III cis-acting replication element (shown in the image) is a higher-order genomic structure implicated in the mediation of DIP production in bovine coronavirus, with apparent homologs detected in other coronavirus groups.
|
|
In the late 1990s the river burst its banks and flooded Dronfield 'bottom' shopping area, and as a result a flood storage reservoir was built at Bowshaw to hold back (attenuate) the storm water runoff from the Batemoor and Jordanthorpe housing estates in the south of Sheffield, which form part of the catchment area. Some work was also done to build up the bank level with bunds or retaining walls in some sections of the valley. The river used to feed several water wheels at early factories in the Dronfield valley in the 18th and 19th centuries. Part of the mill race is visible off Mill Lane in Dronfield, the remains of the mill being demolished in the 1970s.
|
|
Many people remove gluten from the diet after a long history of health complaints and unsuccessful consultations with numerous physicians, who simply consider them to be suffering from irritable bowel syndrome, or even before seeking medical attention. This fact can diminish the CD serological markers titers and may attenuate the inflammatory changes found in the duodenal biopsies. In these cases, patients should be tested for the presence of HLA-DQ2/DQ8 genetic markers because a negative HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8 result has a high negative predictive value for celiac disease. If these markers are positive, it is advisable to undertake a gluten challenge under medical supervision, followed by serology and duodenal biopsies.
|
|
With the discovery of CLEC5A interactions with different viruses, scientists are testing blocking anti-CLEC5A antibodies, Syk pathway inhibitors and CLEC5A deficient mice to discover CLEC5A contribution to pathological progress. In the case of dengue virus, monoclonal anti-CLEC5A antibodies are able to suppress the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines without affecting IFN-α. Blockade of CLEC5A signaling in DV infected cells can attenuate vascular leakage and increase survival of patients with DHF and DSS. In lethal challenges of recombinant H5N1 influenza virus, the CLEC5A deficient mice showed reduced levels of proinflammatory cytokines, decreased immune cell infiltration in the lungs and improved survival compared to the wild-type mice even with comparable viral loads.
|
|
The forewings are greyish brown, with a conspicuous, yellowish white, serpentine patch at the apex, extending downward to the tornus and through the tornal cilia. Above it is a minute, white, outwardly oblique costal streak, beyond which the dark ground- colour is attenuate outward in a narrow marginal line curving around the apex. Parallel and adjacent to this line one still narrower, whitish ochreous in colour, separates it from a broader brownish ochreous band running through the cilia, following the curve around the apex. The outer portion of the cilia is white, narrowly tipped with grey, thus giving the appearance of five distinguishable lines of different shades of colour enclosing the apex.
|
|
Any non-linear behavior of the speakers affects sound pressure within the chamber, and could give rise to distortion components. For in-phase designs ("cone to magnet" and not "magnet to magnet" or "cone-to-cone" designs) this tends to occur because of front-to-back non-symmetrical behavior. These may also occur when the speaker driven to high levels for an extended period of time and the voice coils of the two drivers dissipate vibration and heat at different levels because of differing air circulation (one driver is exposed to the outside air, and one is fully enclosed in a chamber). One patented design attempts to attenuate this distortion by absorptive material between the drivers.
|
|
Rickenbacker 4001 bass In 1971, Alembic established what became known as "boutique" or "high-end" electric bass guitars. These expensive, custom-tailored instruments, as used by Phil Lesh, Jack Casady, and Stanley Clarke, featured unique designs, premium hand-finished wood bodies, and innovative construction techniques such as multi-laminate neck-through- body construction and graphite necks. Alembic also pioneered the use of onboard electronics for pre-amplification and equalization. Active electronics increase the output of the instrument, and allow more options for controlling tonal flexibility, giving the player the ability to amplify as well as to attenuate certain frequency ranges while improving the overall frequency response (including more low-register and high-register sounds).
|
|
The transfer function H(f) of any linear time-invariant system at frequency f is: :H(f) = Output(f) / Input(f) One method used to obtain the HRTF from a given source location is therefore to measure the head-related impulse response (HRIR), h(t), at the ear drum for the impulse Δ(t) placed at the source. The HRTF H(f) is the Fourier transform of the HRIR h(t). Even when measured for a "dummy head" of idealized geometry, HRTF are complicated functions of frequency and the three spatial variables. For distances greater than 1 m from the head, however, the HRTF can be said to attenuate inversely with range.
|
|
Based on a rat study, use of gelsemine has been reported as being potentially effective, where the comparison was to treatment with Diazepam.[primary source] Gelsemine has been suggested to have potential in offering protective effects against oxidative stress. In a small rat study, the off-target effects of cisplatin—nephrotoxicity arising from its induction of pathways that generate reactive oxygen species, a factor impacting its use in cancer treatment—were examined, and gelsemine was found to significantly attenuate cisplatin-induced damage to DNA, and further general damage due to oxidative mechanisms. Inhibition of xanthine oxidase and lipid peroxidation activities were noted, along with "increased production and/or activity of anti-oxidants, both enzymatic... and non- enzymatic...".
|
|
Leaves alternate, petiole 2–6 mm long,Enciclopedia de la Flora Chilena, 2008 leaves are elliptic-lanceolate 2–6 cm long and 1,5–3 cm wide, thick and leathery, apex and base are attenuate, irregularly toothed margins. Reddish and deciduous stipules. Flowers are hermaphrodite or unisexual, in groups of 2–3 in the axils; five sepals about 1 mm long; five petals wine colored in 2–3,5 mm, ovary reduced in male flowers with five stamens; in female, the ovoid ovary ends in a short style and this in its turn, in flat bi-lobed stigmas. Fruit capsule 6–8 long and 5 mm wide, two valves which contain 1 to 2 seeds.
|
|
The individual holes limit photons which can be detected by the crystal to a cone; the point of the cone is at the midline center of any given hole and extends from the collimator surface outward. However, the collimator is also one of the sources of blurring within the image; lead does not totally attenuate incident gamma photons, there can be some crosstalk between holes. Unlike a lens, as used in visible light cameras, the collimator attenuates most (>99%) of incident photons and thus greatly limits the sensitivity of the camera system. Large amounts of radiation must be present so as to provide enough exposure for the camera system to detect sufficient scintillation dots to form a picture.
|
|
Trees 10–30 m tall; trunk 10–50 cm dbh, with narrow buttresses ca. 2 m tall; bark smooth, white to gray with dark lenticels. Branchlets light brown-gray, lenticellate; stipules ca. 4 mm long. Petioles 0.6-1.2 cm long; leaf blades, oblong to elliptic, 7–26 cm long, 2.6-10.5 cm wide, apex acuminate, base obliquely attenuate to rounded, margins entire, chartaceous to subcoriaceous when dry, dull dark green above, dull light green beneath, glabrous and smooth on both sides, lateral veins 3-5, palmately veined at the base of the leaf blade. Inflorescences axillary compound dichasia, 1-2.5 cm long, with 8-17 flowers, the perfect flowers toward the apex and staminate flowers toward the base.
|
|
Arachidonic acid can bind to E-cat and E-allo, but the affinity of AA for E-allo is 25 times that for Ecat. Palmitic acid, an efficacious stimulator of huPGHS-2, binds only E-allo in palmitic acid/murine PGHS-2 co-crystals. Non-substrate FAs can potentiate or attenuate PTGS (COX) inhibitors depending on the fatty acid and whether the inhibitor binds E-cat or E-allo. Studies suggest that the concentration and composition of the free fatty acid pool in the environment in which PGHS-2 functions in cells, also referred to as the FA tone, is a key factor regulating the activity of PGHS-2 and its response to PTGS (COX) inhibitors.
|
|
Densely built Manhattan has been shown to approach a Rayleigh-fading environment. One second of Rayleigh fading with a maximum Doppler shift of 10 Hz. One second of Rayleigh fading with a maximum Doppler shift of 100 Hz. The requirement that there be many scatterers present means that Rayleigh fading can be a useful model in heavily built-up city centres where there is no line of sight between the transmitter and receiver and many buildings and other objects attenuate, reflect, refract, and diffract the signal. Experimental work in Manhattan has found near-Rayleigh fading there. In tropospheric and ionospheric signal propagation the many particles in the atmospheric layers act as scatterers and this kind of environment may also approximate Rayleigh fading.
|
|
For split phase systems, the signal can be passively coupled from leg-to-leg using a passive capacitor, but for three phase systems or where the capacitor provides insufficient coupling, an active X10 repeater can be used. To allow signals to be coupled across phases and still match each phase's zero crossing point, each bit is transmitted three times in each half cycle, offset by 1/6 cycle. It may also be desirable to block X10 signals from leaving the local area so, for example, the X10 controls in one house do not interfere with the X10 controls in a neighboring house. In this situation, inductive filters can be used to attenuate the X10 signals coming into or going out of the local area.
|
|
The date of first operation was two months after submission of final reports by the eight contractors of NASA's Space Station Needs, Attributes, and Architectural Options Study. Even though no flight results were available when the final study reports were written, at least three of them identified “berthing” as the primary means of assembling a Space Station from pressurized modules delivered in the Shuttle's payload bay. Of the concepts described and illustrated, none strongly resemble the eventual design of the CBM, and little discussion of the technical details is readily available. In early 1984, the Space Station Task Force described a Berthing Mechanism that would attenuate the loads incurred when two modules were maneuvered into contact with each other, followed by latching.
|
|
Laser goggles The use of eye protection when operating lasers of classes 3B and 4 in a manner that may result in eye exposure above the MPE is required in the workplace by the US Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Protective eyewear in the form of appropriately filtering optics can protect the eyes from the reflected or scattered laser light with a hazardous beam power, as well as from direct exposure to a laser beam. Eyewear must be selected for the specific type of laser, to block or attenuate in the appropriate wavelength range. For example, eyewear absorbing 532 nm typically has an orange appearance (although one should never rely solely on the lens color when selecting laser eye protection), transmitting wavelengths larger than 550 nm.
|
|
However, this frequency-dependence means that a time domain implementation of PML, e.g. in the FDTD method, is more complicated than for a frequency- independent absorber, and involves the auxiliary differential equation (ADE) approach (equivalently, i/ω appears as an integral or convolution in time domain). Perfectly matched layers, in their original form, only attenuate propagating waves; purely evanescent waves (exponentially decaying fields) oscillate in the PML but do not decay more quickly. However, the attenuation of evanescent waves can also be accelerated by including a real coordinate stretching in the PML: this corresponds to making σ in the above expression a complex number, where the imaginary part yields a real coordinate stretching that causes evanescent waves to decay more quickly.
|
|
Researchers at Midreshet Ben-Gurion have made breakthroughs in agriculture and biotechnology relevant to drylands and sustainable agriculture. The STRS1 and STRS2 genes, master controller genes in stress responses, discovered by Dr. Simon Barak and his students in 2006, helped to elucidate some of the more important genes involved with abiotic stress responses Helicases That Attenuate Arabidopsis Responses to Multiple Abiotic Stresses Director of the institutes, Avigad Vonshak, made headlines for his discovery, together with Prof. Sammy Boussiba (also of the institutes) of astaxanthin accumulation in green algae.Astaxanthin Accumulation in the Green Alga Haematococcus pluvialis Astaxanthin is an extremely valuable poly-unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) which is valued for its use as a pigment, nutritional value, and possible use in bio-diesel.
|
|
Treatment for LKS usually consists of medications, such as anticonvulsants and corticosteroids (such as prednisone), and speech therapy, which should be started early. Some patients improve with the use of corticosteroids or adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) which lead researches to believe that inflammation and vasospasm may play a role in some cases of acquired epileptic aphasia. A controversial treatment option involves a surgical technique called multiple subpial transection in which multiple incisions are made through the cortex of the affected part of the brain beneath the pia mater, severing the axonal tracts in the subjacent white matter. The cortex is sliced in parallel lines to the midtemporal gyrus and perisylvian area to attenuate the spread of the epileptiform activity without causing cortical dysfunction.
|
|
Sir Sydney Kentridge, lead counsel for the appellants, summarised their arguments as follows: > # Legislation made under the 1911 Act is delegated or subordinate, not > primary. # The legislative power conferred by section 2(1) of the 1911 Act > is not unlimited in scope and must be read according to established > principles of statutory interpretation. # Among these is the principle that > powers conferred on a body by an enabling Act may not be enlarged or > modified by that body unless there are express words authorising such > enlargement or modification. # Accordingly, section 2(1) of the 1911 Act > does not authorise the Commons to remove, attenuate or modify in any respect > any of the conditions on which its law-making power is granted.
|
|
Several agents reported to have anti-aging properties have been shown to attenuate constitutive level of mTOR signaling, an evidence of reduction of metabolic activity, and concurrently to reduce constitutive level of DNA damage induced by endogenously generated reactive oxygen species. For example, increasing the gene dosage of the gene SIR-2, which regulates DNA packaging in the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans, can significantly extend lifespan. The mammalian homolog of SIR-2 is known to induce downstream DNA repair factors involved in NHEJ, an activity that is especially promoted under conditions of caloric restriction. Caloric restriction has been closely linked to the rate of base excision repair in the nuclear DNA of rodents, although similar effects have not been observed in mitochondrial DNA.
|
|
Vaginal estriol at typical clinical dosages results both in high local concentrations of estriol in the vagina and in systemic action. Vaginal administration of low doses of 30 µg estriol and of higher doses of 0.5 and 1 mg estriol have been found to produce equivalent local effects in the vagina and improvement of vaginal symptoms, suggesting that a saturation of estrogenic effect of vaginal estriol has been reached in the vagina by a dose of only 30 µg estriol. In contrast to higher doses of vaginal estriol however, 30 µg/day estriol is not associated with systemic effects. Similarly, the use of 0.5 mg vaginal estriol twice a week instead of daily has been said to largely attenuate the systemic effects of estriol.
|
|
Leaves are 140–180 cm long, flat in section (opposing pinnae inserted at 180 degrees on rhachis), with 130 -150 pinnae, terminated by a spine c. 4mm long; petiole usually glabrous, usually unarmed, rarely spinescent for up to 20% of length, 35 – 45 cm long; median pinnae at 70-80 degrees to rhachis, 240 – 280 mm long, 16 –17 mm wide, 0.35 - 0.45 mm thick, glabrous, dull green or slightly bluish-green when developing, becoming glossy mid-green at maturity, flat in section with slightly recurved margins, strongly discolorous, decurrent for 7–10 mm, narrowed to 5.0-6.0 mm at base, 17 – 20 mm apart on rhachis apex attenuate; midrib not sharply raised, more or less equally prominent above and below, 1.2 -1.5 mm wide.
|
|
In the measurement of gamma rays or other ionising radiation, a radiation monitor or dosimeter will commonly use a filter to attenuate those energy levels or wavelengths that cause the least damage to the human body, while letting through those that do the most damage, so that any source of radiation may be measured in terms of its true danger rather than just its 'strength'. The sievert is a unit of weighted radiation dose for ionising radiation, which supersedes the older unit the REM (roentgen equivalent man). Weighting is also applied to the measurement of sunlight when assessing the risk of skin damage through sunburn, since different wavelengths have different biological effects. Common examples are the SPF of sunscreen, and the UV index.
|
|
William D. Godsey, Aristocratic Redoubt: The Austro-Hungarian Foreign Office on the Eve of the First World War, West Lafayette, Purdue University Press, 1999, p. 11ff. The Evidenzbureau, Intelligence Agency of Austro- Hungary, reported to the Foreign Ministry from its inception in 1850 until the outbreak of the First World War in 1914, when it was made subordinate to the General Staff. Over the decades, the diplomatic service was not able to attenuate the impression of Austria-Hungary as a potential adversary of numerous European states. In 1882 Foreign Minister Count Gustav Kálnoky could extend the Dual Alliance with the German Empire into a Triple Alliance of collective defense with the Kingdom of Italy, however, the coalition broke up in World War I, while the multi-ethnic Austro-Hungarian Monarchy eventually succumbed to nationalist aspirations.
|
|
Illicium peninsulare tree is a Small tree, with height up to 10 m, and girth up to 60 cm. The Leaves are Leathery, stiff and tough, but somewhat flexible. They are elliptic, in shape with a midrib impressed above and very prominent below, apex acute to short acuminate, and base attenuate. The Petioles are 11-20 mm long, grooved on adaxial surface. Flowers are axillary on young growth, generally solitary and the pedicels are 1-7 mm long at anthesis. The Perianth parts are 15-25 mm, yellowish white in color. The outermost perianth parts broadly ovate, reduced, 2-2.9-3.5 by 2.8-3.5-4.8 mm and the largest perianth parts ovate, 6.5-7.9-9.6 by 5-6.2-7 mm. The innermost perianth parts ovate, 3.5 by 1.6 mm.
|
|
Ultimately, anthropogenic inputs of Nr are either accumulated or denitrified; however, little progress has been made in determining the relative importance of Nr accumulation and denitrification, which has been mainly due to a lack of integration among scientific disciplines. Most Nr applied to global agroecosystems cascades through the atmosphere and aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems until it is converted to N2, primarily through denitrification. Although terrestrial denitrification produces gaseous intermediates (nitric oxide [NO] and nitrous oxide [N2O]), the last step—microbial production of N2— is critical because atmospheric N2 is a sink for Nr. Many studies have clearly demonstrated that managed buffer strips and wetlands can remove significant amounts of nitrate (NO3−) from agricultural systems through denitrification. Such management may help attenuate the undesirable cascading effects and eliminate environmental Nr accumulation.
|
|
The wingspan is about 17 mm. The forewings are white, much shaded and mottled with pale yellowish brown, forming a dorsal shade before the fold a streak along the lower edge of the cell and three costal patches irregularly attenuate downward to the cell—the first, at one-fifth, tending obliquely outward. The second and third, at equal distances, tending obliquely inward, the latter terminating in a fuscous spot at the end of the cell, beyond which is an outwardly bowed line of very faint yellowish brown dots, followed by a diffused shade before the termen. A brownish fuscous dot at the apex is followed by a white patch at the base of the pale aeneous cilia, and a line of the same colour follows the margin below it nearly to the tornus.
|
|
Audio engineers must have extensive knowledge of audio engineering to produce a good mix, because they have to understand how to mix different instruments and amplifiers, what types of mics to use, where to place the mics, how to attenuate "hot" instrument signals that are overloading and clipping the channel, how to prevent audio feedback, how to set the audio compression for different instruments and vocals, and how to prevent unwanted distortion of the vocal sound. However, to be a professional live sound engineer, an individual needs more than just technical knowledge. They must also understand the types of sounds and tones that various musical acts in different genres expect in their live sound mix. This knowledge of musical styles is typically learned from years of experience listening to and mixing sound in live contexts.
|
|
Research suggests that it does not have any appreciable affinity for other metabotropic glutamate receptors, ionotropic NMDA receptors, or kainate receptors, nor does it appear to have any affinity for adrenergic, benzodiazepine/GABAergic, histaminergic or muscarinic receptors. The functional activity of LY-404,039 on mGluR receptors has been further demonstrated by investigating the drug's ability to suppress electrically stimulated excitatory postsynaptic potentials, or EPSPs. LY-404,039 has been shown to attenuate cortically evoked EPSPs in rat striatal spiny neurons in a concentration-dependent manner, mediated by activation of mGluR2 and mGluR3 receptors. This suppressive effect of LY-404,039 on stimulated EPSPs is reversed by the use of mGluR2/3 antagonists, such as LY341495. LY-404,039 possesses partial agonist actions at D2 receptors and inhibits the binding of the D2-specific antagonist [3H]domperidone to human cloned D2 receptors.
|
|
It is an evergreen tree or shrub with ash-coloured bark, measuring up to 6 m (20 ft) in height. The leaves are composite, alternate, the petioles are 2–8 cm long, thickened at the base, the leaves are digitate, with uneven leaflets, light green glossy in color, leathery, oblong-lanceolate, attenuate at both ends, toothed edges 3-8 long and 1-1,6 wide, the flowers are hermaphrodite, pedicellate, clustered in 2-5 in inflorescences with many racemes, the flowers are formed by a floral tube 1.5 mm long, the calyx is split in 5 tepals and 5 thick whitish-green ovate-lanceolate sepals, with a mucro 2 mm at the acute apex, 5 stamens with whitish anthers, loculate inferous ovary 3-5, 4-5 styles, the fruit is a brown spherical drupe 5-5.5 mm in diameter, crowned by two styles.
|
|
In nature, these mechanisms tend towards a 'stable state' among the living beings of an ecology: > A closer examination shows that these beings... not only do not damage each > other, but often constitute a community of interests. It is obvious that the > predator is strongly interested in the survival of that species, animal or > vegetable, which constitutes its prey. ... It is not uncommon that the prey > species derives specific benefits from its interaction with the predator > species... pp31–33. Lorenz states that humanity is the one species not bound by these mechanisms, being the only one that has defined its own environment: > [The pace of human ecology] is determined by the progress of man's > technology (p35)... human ecology (economy) is governed by mechanisms of > POSITIVE feedback, defined as a mechanism which tends to encourage behavior > rather than to attenuate it (p43).
|
|
In 1967, it was reported that a level of immunity to the Plasmodium berghei parasite could be given to mice by exposing them to sporozoites that had been irradiated by x-rays. Subsequent human studies in the 1970s showed that humans could be immunized against Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum by exposing them to the bites of significant numbers of irradiated mosquitos. From 1989 to 1999, eleven volunteers recruited from the United States Public Health Service, United States Army, and United States Navy were immunized against Plasmodium falciparum by the bites of 1001–2927 mosquitoes that had been irradiated with 15,000 rads of gamma rays from a Co-60 or Cs-137 source. This level of radiation is sufficient to attenuate the malaria parasites so that, while they can still enter hepatic cells, they cannot develop into schizonts nor infect red blood cells.
|
|
Woody shrubs to 2 m tall. Stems erect but arching towards apices, many of these becoming spiny, older portions glabrous, becoming pubescent towards younger portions of stem, trichomes simple, < 0.25 mm, the internodes 4-35 mm long. Spines 3-8 cm, 0.2-0.3 mm in diameter at base. Leaves borne in clusters on very short shoots (these < 1 mm long), subtended by dense protrusions of trichomes, on short petioles to 5 mm long, these pubescent with short eglandular trichomes or glabrous, the blades simple, alternate, narrowly obelliptic to narrowly elliptic, 20-50 × 3-10 mm, (2-)4.7 to 7.5 times longer than wide, the bases attenuate, the apices broadly acute to obtuse, the margins entire, both surfaces covered by glandular trichomes (these seeming to result in black spots on pressed specimens) with occasional sparse simple trichomes along midrib of abaxial surface.
|
|
These inhibitory deficits may impair cortical function via cortical disinhibition and asynchrony. The drug LY354740 (also known as Eglumegad, an mGlu2/3 agonist) was shown to attenuate physiologic and cognitive abnormalities in animal and human studies of NMDA receptor antagonist and serotonergic hallucinogen effects, supporting the subsequent clinical evidence of efficacy for an mGluR2/3 agonist in the treatment of schizophrenia. The same drug has been shown to interfere in the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, with chronic oral administration of this drug leading to markedly reduced baseline cortisol levels in bonnet macaques (Macaca radiata); acute infusion of LY354740 resulted in a marked diminution of yohimbine-induced stress response in those animals. LY354740 has also been demonstrated to act on the metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 (GRM3) of human adrenocortical cells, downregulating aldosterone synthase, CYP11B1, and the production of adrenal steroids (i.e.
|
|
As awareness of the prevalence of psychological distress that accompanies a cancer diagnosis and increased efforts to integrate evidence based psychosocial treatments into overall oncologic care, screening for adjustment to diagnosis and treatment became important Routine distress screening throughout the cancer process (e.g., diagnosis, treatment, survivorship) is crucial to identifying individuals who are already struggling with symptoms of depression or anxiety or for identifying those at risk for psychological issues related to cancer. Historically, communication about psychological adjustment was lacking between patients and providers regarding topics related to adjustment to diagnosis, living with cancer, living cancer- free in survivorship, or transitioning to end of life care. The stigmatized nature of psychological concerns made it difficult to identify those patients who could benefit from early intervention to prevent or attenuate symptoms of depression or anxiety that may emerge.
|
|
The attenuate leaf attachment and dense indumentum of N. hurrelliana are reminiscent of N. mollis and it has been suggested that the two species may be conspecific. Bruce Salmon wrote that the type specimen of N. mollis differs from the Mount Lumarku form of N. hurrelliana in lacking bracteate pedicels and in having a decurrent leaf base with wings up to 6 cm long (as opposed to 1 to 2 cm in N. hurrelliana). Some authors consider the hypothesis equating these two species to be "rather improbable". An editor's note by Jan Schlauer accompanying Salmon's article cautions that specimens from the type locality of N. mollis must be examined before the two taxa are united: > The identity of the specimens from G. Lumarku with N. mollis should be > proven by comparison with authentic pitchered material from G. Kemul.
|
|
In such circumstances, efforts were mainly directed towards the old program of 'rehabilitating Palestine'. Goldmann called for an extraordinary Zionist conference in 1942 to form a cohesive strategy to attenuate the devastating effects of Nazi policies on European Jews, and the outcome was the Biltmore program, which called for, among other things, unrestricted Jewish immigration to Palestine. In his address to the conference Goldmann warned that Nazi rhetoric was to be taken seriously, and that there were foreseeable genocidal consequences for European Jews were the Nazis to press on with their policies.Aaron Berman (1990), op. cit. pp. 96–97 At the May 1943 American Emergency Committee meeting Goldmann, along with Abba Hillel Silver, was an advocate of the rationale that the struggle against the MacDonald White Paper was a step in the establishment of the Jewish commonwealth.
|
|
Pharmacological data is consistent with dysfunction of dopamine in bipolar as some studies have reported hypersensitivity to stimulants (however, some studies have found that stimulants effectively attenuate manic behavior, and co-morbid ADHD and bipolar are effectively treated with stimulants), and the mechanism of antimanic drugs may involve attenuating dopamine signalling. Hypersensitivity of reward systems is consistent across mood states in bipolar, and is evident in the prodrome. Increases in goal directed behavior, risk taking, positive emotions in response to reward, ambitious goal setting and inflexibility in goal directed behaviors are present in euthymia. Neuroimaging studies are consistent with trait hypersensitivity in reward systems, as both mania and depression is associated with elevated resting activity in the striatum, and elevated activity in the striatum and OFC during emotional processing, receipt of reward, and anticipation of reward.
|
|
The wingspan is about 14 mm. The forewings are rather shining, white, with pale grey shading, a strong brown patch near the base of the dorsum, and a dark brown spot at the end of the cell. The pale olivaceous grey shading consists of a broad band along the dorsum, crossing the outer end of the fold, curved upward around the end of the cell, and attenuate backward to the costa, at two-thirds from the base, a costal shade, commencing at the base, extending to one-third and thence deflected obliquely outward to the fold, and an apical shade extending from the costa along the termen nearly to the tornus, and covering the cilia, the curved white transverse band which separates it from the antecedent grey shade being clearly defined. The hindwings are pale greyish.
|
|
Epstein served for over 30 years as Chief of the Cardiology Branch of the NHLBI at the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, MD. He then served as Executive Director of the Cardiovascular Research Institute and Director of Vascular Biology Research, at the MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington Hospital Center. He currently serves as Head of Translational Research at the MedStar Heart and Vascular Institute, MedStar Washington Hospital Center. With more than 500 publications in peer‐reviewed medical journals, Epstein is a recognized international authority on angiogenesis and on the application of stem cell strategies for cardiovascular therapeutics. His recent work on stem cell therapy has demonstrated that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) when administered intravenously to mice with acute myocardial infarction and to mice with ischemic cardiomyopathy, markedly attenuate the progressive development of adverse left ventricular remodeling and deterioration in LV function.
|
|
Non- representative sampling was also an issue.Marijuana Health Mythology , Dale Gieringer, Ph.D., June 1994 Since most of the increase happened after 2000, this legend can be considered an example of ostension (people have been making such claims as far back as the 1970s). A related claim, especially in the UK, is that the cannabidiol/THC ratio has decreased over the past few decades, resulting in a new and presumably more dangerous form of cannabis that never existed before (since CBD is thought to attenuate some of the negative side effects of THC). While there is little to no reliable data before 2005 on such ratios in the UK, making comparisons to the past impossible, the US data going back to the 1970s shows little to no clear trend, and there have always been strains with extremely low ratios.
|
|
That both shall be prudent and attenuate their faults. You shall never say insults to each other, because insults among the married dishonors the one saying them, and proves the lack of judgment or common sense of election; and much less shall physically mistreat each other, because it is vile and cowardly to use force. :::Both shall prepare with the study, friendly and mutual correction of their defects, up to the supreme judgeship of being family parents, in order to when both become that, your children can find in you good example and good conduct to serve as role models. The doctrine that you inspire in these tender and loved bonds of affection will make your luck to prosper or to be adverse; and the happiness or misfortune of your children will be the parent’s reward or punishment, fortune or sadness.
|
|
Cynorkis gibbosa is an orchid species in the genus Cynorkis, endemic to forest edges and shaded rocks at altitudes of 600–1500 meters in Madagascar. Its flowers are salmon-pink or red, and about 35 mm in length. Found in Madagascar on shady granite rocks, on steep banks, seepage areas, along streams and at forest edges at elevations of 600 to 2000 meters as a small to medium-sized, warm to cool growing terrestrial herb with several elongated, villous tubers giving rise to a solitary, radical, oblong-lanceolate, purple maculate leaf that is shortly attenuate at both ends and amplexiculate basally that blooms in the mid spring through fall on a bristly granular, sometimes glabrous, densely many [10 to 40] flowered, subcorymbiform inflorescence carrying 2 to 3 distant, cauline sheaths and having 10 mostly simultaneous flowers at any one time.
|
|
In this case the weighting is sometimes referred to as Psophometric weighting, though this term is best avoided because, although strictly a general term, the word Psophometric is sometimes assumed to refer to a particular weighting used in telecommunications. A major use of noise weighting is in the measurement of residual noise in audio equipment, usually present as hiss or hum in quiet moments of programme material. The purpose of weighting here is to emphasise the parts of the audible spectrum that our ears perceive most readily, and attenuate the parts that contribute less to our perception of loudness, in order to get a measured figure that correlates well with subjective effect. The ITU-R 468 noise weighting was devised specifically for this purpose, and is widely used in broadcasting, especially in the UK and Europe.
|
|
The TCD measures the velocity of blood flow through the major intracranial vessels by emitting a high frequency (>2MHz) wave from an ultrasound probe and detecting a frequency shift between the incident and reflected wave which directly correlates with the speed of the blood (the so- called Doppler effect). The measurement is taken over the regions of the skull with thinner walls (temporal region, back of the head, or through the eye), as the bones strongly attenuate the transmission of the ultrasound at these frequencies. TCD is primarily a technique for diagnosing various intracranial vascular disorders such as emboli, stenosis, or vasospasm, and can be used to identify patients who are at risk of developing cerebral ischemia in early phases of traumatic brain injury or stroke. ICP can be estimated from the TCD measurements because it impedes the blood flow and consequently decreases the velocity of blood flow.
|
|
Acoustics is by no means the only subject which finds use for weighting curves however, and they are widely used in deriving measures of effect for sun exposure, gamma radiation exposure, and many other things. In the measurement of gamma rays or other ionising radiation, a radiation monitor or dosimeter will commonly use a filter to attenuate those energy levels or wavelengths that cause the least damage to the human body, while letting through those that do the most damage, so that any source of radiation may be measured in terms of its true danger rather than just its 'strength'. The sievert is a unit of weighted radiation dose for ionising radiation, which supersedes the older unit the REM (roentgen equivalent man). Weighting is also applied to the measurement of sunlight when assessing the risk of skin damage through sunburn, since different wavelengths have different biological effects.
|
|
The genus Selaginella has been subjected to taxonomic treatments, including the arrangement of a plant's sporangia as well as the types of spores the plant species produces. In terms of phylogenetics, S. apoda falls under the S. pallescens OPHA clade, species that are native to the American continent and have one type of sporophyll in the form of a megaspore network. In the family Selaginellaceae, microsporangia are larger than the megasporangia and the strobili are quadrangular in shape or flat. Selaginella apoda, under the synonymous name of Lycopodium apodum, can be identified by stomata spread across the plane of the adaxial sides of its leaves, the leaf margins of the plant are all similar to each other, the diameter of their megaspores within the range of 0.29 – 0.35 millimeters, and the plant has acute to attenuate apices on at least 5 of their leaves.
|
|
Io's atmospheric temperature ranges from the temperature of the surface at low altitudes, where sulfur dioxide is in vapor pressure equilibrium with frost on the surface, to 1,800 K at higher altitudes where the lower atmospheric density permits heating from plasma in the Io plasma torus and from Joule heating from the Io flux tube. The low pressure limits the atmosphere's effect on the surface, except for temporarily redistributing sulfur dioxide from frost-rich to frost- poor areas, and to expand the size of plume deposit rings when plume material re-enters the thicker dayside atmosphere. The thin Ionian atmosphere also means any future landing probes sent to investigate Io will not need to be encased in an aeroshell-style heatshield, but instead require retrothrusters for a soft landing. The thin atmosphere also necessitates a rugged lander capable of enduring the strong Jovian radiation, which a thicker atmosphere would attenuate.
|
|
Water is central to the dissolution, precipitation and leaching of minerals from the soil profile. Finally, water affects the type of vegetation that grows in a soil, which in turn affects the development of the soil, a complex feedback which is exemplified in the dynamics of banded vegetation patterns in semi- arid regions. Soils supply plants with nutrients, most of which are held in place by particles of clay and organic matter (colloids) The nutrients may be adsorbed on clay mineral surfaces, bound within clay minerals (absorbed), or bound within organic compounds as part of the living organisms or dead soil organic matter. These bound nutrients interact with soil water to buffer the soil solution composition (attenuate changes in the soil solution) as soils wet up or dry out, as plants take up nutrients, as salts are leached, or as acids or alkalis are added.
|
|
The plants are annual or perennial, growing emersed, floating-leaved, or seasonally submersed, leaves glabrous to stellate-pubescent; rhizomes present or absent; stolons absent; corms absent; tubers absent. Roots not septate. Leaves sessile or petiolate; petioles triangular, rarely terete; blade with translucent markings as dots or lines present or absent, linear to lanceolate to ovate, base attenuate to cordate, margins entire or undulating, apex obtuse to acute. Inflorescences racemes or panicles, rarely umbels, of 1-18 whorls, erect or decumbent, emersed; bracts coarse, apex obtuse to acute, surfaces smooth or papillose along veins, apex obtuse to acute. Flowers bisexual, subsessile to pedicellate; bracts subtending pedicels, subulate to lanceolate, shorter than to longer than pedicels, apex obtuse to acute; pedicels ascending to recurved; receptacle convex; sepals recurved to spreading, herbaceous to leathery, sculpturing absent; petals white, entire; stamens 9-25; filaments linear, glabrous; pistils 15-250 or more, spirally arranged on convex receptacle, forming head, distinct; ovules 1; style terminal or lateral.
|
|
Since low frequency resonances in a room have their points of maximum or minimum pressure in the corners of the room, resonant bass traps mounted in these positions will be the most efficient.. While porous traps are most efficient at the points of high particle velocity like 1/4 desired wavelength away from the wall Bass traps are typically used to attenuate modal resonances and so exact placement depends on which room mode one is trying to target. Bass traps typically combine structural mechanisms that can work at both positions of high particle velocity/low pressure (thick fiberglass) and high pressure/low particle velocity (membranes). Porous bass trap absorbers need to be very thick to be effective at lower frequencies so they tend to be allocated either as diagonal wedges in the corners or as thick rectangular bulk behind false walls where they are out of the way and less likely to disrupt higher frequencies or room function. Air gap behind a porous panel absorber e.g.
|
|
If far from resonance, the bottom two step down (high-in to low-out) circuits would instead be used to connect for a step up (low-in to high-out that is mostly reactance). The low- and high-pass versions of the four circuits shown in the top two rows use only one inductor and one capacitor. Normally, the low-pass would be preferred with a transmitter, in order to attenuate harmonics, but the high-pass configuration may be chosen if the components are more conveniently obtained, or if the radio already contains an internal low-pass filter, or if attenuation of low frequencies is desirable - for example when a local AM station broadcasting on a medium frequency may be overloading a high frequency receiver. In the bottom row, the Low R, high C circuit is shown feeding a short vertical antenna, such as would be the case for a compact, mobile antenna or otherwise on frequencies below an antenna's lowest natural resonant frequency.
|
|
Frank J. Clement and Bell Labs received a patent in 1969 for a multiple station conference telephone system that switched its output to the loudest input. The next year, Emil Torick and Richard G. Allen were granted a patent for an "Automatic Gain Control System with Noise Variable Threshold", an adaptive threshold circuit invention with its patent assignation going to Columbia Broadcasting System. Some systems using electro-mechanical switching in regard to microphone activation were engineered in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Peter W. Tappan and Robert F. Ancha devised a system of seat sensors that would activate one of 350 hidden microphones at the Seventeenth Church of Christ, Scientist in Chicago in 1970. From approximately 1968, Ken Patterson and Diversified Concepts developed a hardware system that could detect the "Number of Open Microphones" (NOM) and attenuate the master output by an amount which increased with a higher number of microphones in use.
|
|
This impossibility to know the exact contours of criminal law has led legislators to attenuate the fiction of knowledge of law by the introduction of error of law as a cause of non- responsibility. Article 122-3 of the penal code provides for the non- responsibility of a person who can prove having believed, by an error of law he could not avoid, that he could legitimately carry out the action in question. It is not so much a matter of proving one's ignorance of criminal law as it is of proving one's belief in the legality of the action in question. The Court of Cassation has applied this cause of non-responsibility in a very restricted manner, finding for example that the error on the scope of a court decision caused by the legal counsel of the party is not necessarily an invincible defense, since the judge could be asked to interpret it (Crim. 11 octobre 1995).
|
|
The leaves are coriaceous and sessile or sub- petiolate. The leaves of rosettes are up to 30 cm long and 10 cm wide, whereas those of the scrambling stem are up to 40 cm long and 15 cm wide. The leaves are oblong to elliptic, obtuse at the apex and shortly attenuate at the base, clasping the stem by approximately two-thirds of its circumference and becoming decurrent for 2–3 cm. rosette (juvenile) pitchers of N. attenboroughii demonstrate the typical bell shape of this species when only a few inches high Nepenthes attenboroughii produces some of the largest pitchers in the genus, sometimes exceeding those of typical N. rajah in size, but is not known to have exceeded the size and volume records set by that species. The largest recorded pitcher of N. attenboroughii measured more than 1.5 litres in volume, and traps exceeding 2 litres are likely to be produced on occasion.
|
|
In a later newspaper feuilleton first published in the Frankurter Allgemeine Zeitung on November 20, 1986, Meier again asserted that the Holocaust was a “singular” occurrence, but wrote that: > “It is to be hoped that Ernst Nolte’s suggestion that we should remain more > keenly aware of the various million-fold mass murders of this century bears > fruit. When one seeks orientation about this-and about the role of mass > murder in history-one is surprised by how difficult it is to find. This > would appear to be an area that historical research should look into. By > pursuing these questions, one can recognize more precisely the peculiarity > of our century-and certain similarities in its “liquidations”. But Nolte’s > hope to be able to attenuate this distressing aspect of our Nazi past will > probably not succeed. If we, and much speaks for this, to prevent National > Socialist history from becoming an enduring negative myth about absolute > evil, then we will have to seek other paths”.
|
|
Laureliopsis philippiana is an evergreen tree up to 30 m (100 ft) tall and 1.4 m (55 in) in diameter, with thin bark, and aromatic wood, and a superficial resemblance to Bay Laurel. The leaves are aromatic, oblong, attenuate at the base, 4.9 long and 1.5–4 cm wide, glossy, leathery, the midrib with yellow hairs, the edges are heavily toothed in the two upper thirds, every tooth ends in a small point. The flowers are hermaphrodite or unisexual, they are small about 5–6 mm long, reddish-green, arranged in racemes, the peduncles are hairy about 2–3 mm long, flowers with bell-shaped perianth split in 7-9 petals more or less equal, hairy outside, 4 stamens and 8-20 staminodes, several carpels, the style is feathery with terminal stigma. The fruit is an achene almost oval, crowned by the perianth, about 1-1.3 cm long, formed by the perigonium that wraps several carpels, hairy, dark brown, spindle-shaped seeds, about 0.8-1.2 cm long, with the style covered by hairs about 5–6 mm long.
|
|
Antioxidants attenuate the Th-1 immune response, responsible for eliminating bacterial and fungal threats, while the Th-2 immune response compensates for a weak Th-1 response by increasing its own responders, which may be not only ineffective, but overall destructive to healthy surrounding tissues, thus harmful. The net result: over-supplementation of antioxidants are a direct, underlying cause of allergenic diseases and skin alterations, spurring signs (objective indications) and symptoms (subjective states) of localized and disseminated medical conditions. Because of the low-level biochemical nature of these immunological systems and their processes, the consequences of antioxidative stress can result in overlying symptoms, leading or contributing to chronic, co-morbid, localized, and/or disseminated disease states, that are clinically challenging to successfully treat. A diet rich in anti-oxidants could allow for skin alterations such as acute acne or chronic non-infectious lesions, especially when the Th-1 immune process is persistently compromised by an overload of dietary antioxidant sources, like daily ingesting of vitamin C supplements, for example.
|
|
These criticisms are also voiced by non-libertarian transhumanist advocates, especially self-described democratic transhumanists, who believe that the majority of current or future social and environmental issues (such as unemployment and resource depletion) need to be addressed by a combination of political and technological solutions (like a guaranteed minimum income and alternative technology). Therefore, on the specific issue of an emerging genetic divide due to unequal access to human enhancement technologies, bioethicist James Hughes, in his 2004 book Citizen Cyborg: Why Democratic Societies Must Respond to the Redesigned Human of the Future, argues that progressives or, more precisely, techno- progressives must articulate and implement public policies (i.e., a universal health care voucher system that covers human enhancement technologies) in order to attenuate this problem as much as possible, rather than trying to ban human enhancement technologies. The latter, he argues, might actually worsen the problem by making these technologies unsafe or available only to the wealthy on the local black market or in countries where such a ban is not enforced.
|
|
The Brazilian foreign policy under the Lula da Silva administration focused on the following directives: to contribute toward the search for greater equilibrium and attenuate unilateralism; to strengthen bilateral and multilateral relations in order to increase the country's weight in political and economic negotiations on an international level; to deepen relations so as to benefit from greater economical, financial, technological and cultural interchange; to avoid agreements that could jeopardize development in the long term.Lula da Silva’s Foreign Policy: The Autonomy through Diversification Strategy Vigevani, Tullo; Cepaluni, Gabriel. Retrieved on 2009-07-11. These directives implied precise emphasis on: the search for political coordination with emerging and developing countries, namely India, South Africa, Russia and China; creation of the Union of South American Nations and its derivative bodies, such as the South American Security Council; strengthening of Mercosul; projection at the Doha Round and WTO; maintenance of relations with developed countries, including the United States; undertaking and narrowing of relations with African countries; campaign for the reform of the United Nations Security Council and for a permanent seat for Brazil; and defense of social objectives allowing for a greater equilibrium between the States and populations.
|
|
Stems scandent, clambering or sprawling, branching, producing aerial roots, stiff, to 1-2(-5) m long, 2–3 cm thick; ribs 4-6 or more, later terete, acute; areoles 1,5–2 mm on Ø, reddish brown at first, later greyish brown, internodes 1,5-2,5 cm; spines 6-8, 1 mm long, acicular, white or yellowish, later blackish, radial spines 5-6 central spines 1-2, basally 0,25 mm in Ø above the swollen bases, apically attenuate-conical, circular in cross section, the bulbous bases 0,5 mm in Ø, hairlike spines none; epidermis light green, somewhat shining. Flowers produced from areoles near tip, 8–14 cm long, 7-8,5 cm in Ø, nocturnal but stays open for 2 2–3 days (John Ellis, UK), tepals rotate; pericarpel covered with spines, but no hairs, bracteoles small, triangular, reddish; receptacle ca 5 cm long, green, with clusters of 7-12 spines, 4–5 mm long, brownish, but no hairs; outer tepals 5,5–6 cm, narrowly oblong, acute, brownish; inner tepals 7,5 cm, 11 mm wide, narrowly oblong, acute, white, sometimes with pink base or pinkish throughout; stamens white, much shorter than inner tepals; style yellow, stigma lobes 9-11. Fruit globular, yellow, covered densely with yellowish spines.
|
|
In 1938, a Temmler chemist in Berlin synthesised Pervitin (methamphetamine-hydrochloride), the pharmaceutical drug was then manufactured and dispensed over-the-counter to the public as a central nervous system and circulatory system analeptic, psychiatric performance enhancing stimulant and to induce or extend wakefulness to treat narcolepsy.Robert N. Proctor: The Nazi War on Cancer , Princeton University Press, 2000. p. 154-155 Pervitin was made available and packaged in thirty tablet oral dosage form, and in six 1ccm glass ampulla form as an intramuscular or intravenous injectable. The company became especially known for the introduction of its methamphetamine-hydrochloride preparation brand Pervitin, which the company produced from 1938 up until 1988. According to a Der Spiegel article in 2005, Nazi Germany believed that Pervitin could also help win World War II, so the German armed forces was supplied with more than 38 million Pervitin tablets, especially during Germany's "Blitzkrieg" invasion of Poland and the Battle of France during 1939/40 where it was introduced to soldiers to attenuate anxiety and increase performance and concentration. In 1945 the facility in East Berlin was occupied and disassembled. The company had to be completely reassembled in Hamburg. In 1960 the whole company transferred from Hamburg to Marburg.
|
|