Reflection is arrhythmic and unpredictable but still intentional in its unfolding.
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On offense, the Americans' movement has had a clunky, arrhythmic feel.
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The data came from the Finnish Genetic Study of Arrhythmic Events.
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My headache instantly intensifies, an arrhythmic drum solo on the inside of my skull.
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Last year's team was a synthetic masterpiece, quick and arrhythmic, complimentary without needing to be cohesive.
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Others are more avant-garde and incorporate acrobatic moves, or an arrhythmic dance known as flossing.
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Perez was there to ensure the arrhythmic president could comfortably bounce between freewheeling Trump and teleprompter Trump.
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Two other identifiers are the pressure exerted on the paper and the arrhythmic pattern of certain elements.
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I would sit on my air mattress with my heart gone arrhythmic and look at the trains going by.
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Mutations of the gene can cause a cardiac arrhythmic disorder that can lead to exercise-fainting spells, seizures or sudden cardiac death.
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My time with Dr. Wilson brought me to a revelation — that our destruction of this planet is entirely arrhythmic, the opposite of creation.
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One recent afternoon, a handful of looms in the factory were churning out carpets, and the building pulsed with a noisy, arrhythmic heartbeat.
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You couldn't tell it from his performance, which features Trump shambling from side to side in an arrhythmic fashion and talk-singing off-key.
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He&aposs averaging nine free throw attempts per game, a number that could decrease, but Doncic&aposs arrhythmic game should continue to draw fouls.
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When she finally settled into an arrhythmic snore at shove-a-live-grenade-down-my-throat in the morning, I checked our baby monitor.
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Candlepin bowling, Bertha's passion, is a game played in New England and the Maritimes, and it serves as the novel's unlikely, crashing, arrhythmic leitmotif.
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Everything about him was magnetic — his sarcasm, his bubbling-up laughter like a geyser ready to explode at the most inappropriate times, his spontaneous arrhythmic dancing.
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At the very start, only the orchestra was on the stage, playing harsh, arrhythmic sounds while a black and white fire projected on the wall behind them.
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Entering with a series of clanging false starts, "Transmission" eventually centres itself around an arrhythmic, pulsing fizz that Pharmakon mastermind Margaret Chardiet layers her processed yelps and screams over.
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On these tapes, as he splits tones and repeats gusty, arrhythmic phrases, you hear the audiences in Paris and Stockholm react with bemusement — and sometimes shouts, whistles and boos.
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His syllables can be arrhythmic, and the conclusions of his lines fall over the end, like Wile E. Coyote zooming past the edge of a cliff, legs still pumping.
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That sets up the condition for a live take with interaction between triggered samples and arrhythmic paths, where I'm turning things on and off, setting up different flowing beat structures.
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His nasal voice, his sarcasm, even his walk—"a long-striding gait ... usually done to the arrhythmic accompaniment of nervous wiggling fingers," wrote Sports Illustrated's Jack McCallum—tend to grate upon the senses.
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A drummer of marvelous versatility and coolly considered power, Cleaver exhibits a love for thrashing, arrhythmic clatter, but it is matched by his ability to pump quiet energy into a simmering swing beat.
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This is the arrhythmic, disturbing heart of the affair: that the internet made it so simple for these young men to finance their material whims and that their actions helped deliver such momentous consequences.
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Luckily for him, after those six takes of his set, the seamless result seen in "Joker" goes off without a hitch, with Arthur's arrhythmic laughter making for another deep clue to his fractured psyche.
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However, the Grammys lack of forward-thinking taste isn't just prevalent in the dance and electronic categories—even when the academy has had its finger on the pulse, that pulse has been arrhythmic at best.
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Mr. Richter made abstractions at the same time as these photo paintings, but only in 1980 did he pick up a squeegee and drag it along successive layers of paint, to produce stammering, arrhythmic compositions.
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The team suspected that a gene called RYR2 could be the culprit -- mutations of the gene can cause a cardiac arrhythmic disorder that can lead to exercise-fainting spells, seizures or even sudden cardiac death.
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His face framed by a dramatic curtain of inky black hair and noticeably if discreetly modified by prosthetics, Mr. Franco certainly looks the part and sounds it too, having perfectly captured Mr. Wiseau's puzzling accent and arrhythmic intonation.
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In his work with his own company, Khan has experimented, too, with contemporary dance, to the point that his own distinctive kathak style has at times been overpowered by a more generic postmodern emphasis on arrhythmic pedestrian movement and conceptual abstraction.
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But the frantic and arrhythmic eruption of war drums has also revealed something that began under Obama and has sharpened into focus in the era of Trump: It's hard, maybe impossible, to make the case for military action, or really any kind of foreign policy move, these days.
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Even if it's not a typical concert experience — of his The Dark Knight score and how arrhythmic it is, he said, "We might as well all go off the deep end here together" — all of his music gets at the same nerve endings that might trigger a mosh pit frenzy anywhere else.
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Near nothing in particular, a gaggle of children wearing cardboard Harry and Meghan masks spontaneously began swinging their arms in a stiff-limbed arrhythmic dance for several minutes — with no apparent aim or supervision — and the uncanny jerkiness of their movements was enhanced by the eerie floating stillness of the adult-sized faces.
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The years that followed would see rap audiences slam-dancing and stage diving; Waka's percussive style of ad libs and arrhythmic one-liners would become the norm; Lex Luger and Southside's towering, post-crunk symphonies would inspire a generation of producers to push deeper into menace and turn trap music into a household concept.
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Their front-office moves range from silly to outright bad, their talent is almost all over-the-hill, and they play their first meaningless game every year around sometime in late May, but there seems to be something in that environment of totally casual baseball that has let Myers put some tempo to what has otherwise been an arrhythmic career.
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The result is an engrossing assemblage of contradictions: Black Origami is born from Jlin's footwork roots, but with its drum corps, Bollywood, ambient, and industrial influences, is squarely genreless within its electronic framework; it's wildly arrhythmic, but finds momentum in the spaces between beats; its components are a brilliant, if often baffling, cerebral flex, but together amount to a stream of consciousness experience that feels natural, even easy.
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Wrote the article, cut off the part marked HAZARD PERSONAL SHIT, sent the other chunk to Ellen, fell asleep for three hours, woke up, wrote Ellen an email saying the article was shit, and then she said no it wasn't but yeah she couldn't run it, and then spent the rest of the night listening to the arrhythmic thud of water against the container hull and hating myself.
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A Pro-arrhythmic is a chemical, drug, or food that promotes cardiac arrhythmias.
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Many anti-arrhythmic drugs have side effects such as gingival hyperplasia or xerostomia.
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Mice with one NPAS2 allele showed shorter periods at first, but eventual arrhythmic behavior.
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On the other hand, potassium channel opening accelerates repolarization of the action potential, possibly inducing arrhythmic reentry.
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Quinidine (a Class 1A anti-arrhythmic) can also cause cinchonism symptoms to develop with as little as a single dose.
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There are many classes of antiarrhythmic medications, with different mechanisms of action and many different individual drugs within these classes. Although the goal of drug therapy is to prevent arrhythmia, nearly every anti arrhythmic drug has the potential to act as a pro-arrhythmic, and so must be carefully selected and used under medical supervision.
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From the screen, cycle was identified as a recessive arrhythmic mutant in one fly line because it shows arrhythmic locomotor activity patterns when a fly has 2 mutant chromosomes number 3. These mutant flies were also found to display arrhythmic eclosion. Because the mutants displayed no circadian rhythms and the heterozygote flies displayed long circadian periods, they determined that cycle has a dominant phenotype. These data also suggest that the Cycle gene is part of the biological clock because of the similarity between the cycle mutant phenotype and that of the clock mutant.
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In a canine model, the intravenous injection of HBI-3000 demonstrated to be an effective anti- arrhythmic and anti-fribrillatory agent.
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Measuring the ratio of acecainide and procainamide concentrations together helps to achieve an optimum anti- arrhythmic effect and reduce the risk of toxicity.
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Research was conducted on birds such as the Zebra Finch because this species has parallels to humans' vocal learning patterns and neurological structures. Adult zebra finches were placed in similar conditions, all exposed to nine rhythmic and nine arrhythmic songs for 30 second increments. After the stimulus was presented, the brains were studied for areas of high ZENK concentration, ZENK being an immunohistochemical used to detect neural activation. It was found in the finches that those exposed to the arrhythmic music had much higher levels of the ZENK gene, and it has been discovered that there is a correlation with humans having higher brain activity in these locations with arrhythmic functioning.
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J Am Coll Cardiol 2003;42:1493–531 SVT that does not involve the AV node may respond to other anti-arrhythmic drugs such as sotalol or amiodarone.
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Pages 10–11. Retrieved 1 March 2018. His danzas are arrhythmic and his Orchestra used the güiro as the only percussion instrument.Biography of Juan Ríos Ovalle (1863–1928).
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Congenital problems include long QT syndrome and catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. Acquired problems are usually related to drug toxicity or electrolyte abnormalities, but can occur as a result of myocardial ischemia. Class III anti-arrhythmic drugs such as sotalol and amiodarone prolong the QT interval and may in some circumstances be pro-arrhythmic. Other relatively common drugs including some antibiotics and antihistamines may also be a danger, in particular in combination with one another.
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In 1994, timeless was discovered through forward genetic screening performed by Jeffery L. Price while working in the lab of Michael W. Young. This gene was found when they noticed an arrhythmic tim01 mutant via a P element screen. The tim01 mutation caused arrhythmic behavior, defined by the lack of ability to establish proper circadian rhythms. In 1995, the timeless gene was cloned by Amita Sehgal and partners in the lab of Michael W. Young.
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Propafenone, sold under the brand name Rythmol among others, is a class 1C anti-arrhythmic medication, which treats illnesses associated with rapid heart beats such as atrial and ventricular arrhythmias.
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The Jrk mutation disrupts the transcription cycling of per and tim. It also results in completely arrhythmic behavior in constant darkness for homozygous mutants and about half demonstrated arrhythmic behavior in heterozygotes. The Jrk homozygotes expressed low, non-cycling levels of per and tim mRNA as well as PER and TIM protein. From this, it was concluded that the behavioral arrhythmicity in Jrk was due to a defect in the transcription of the per and tim.
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Tetrandrine, a bis-benzylisoquinoline alkaloid, is a calcium channel blocker. It has anti-inflammatory, immunologic and antiallergenic effects. It inhibits the degranulation of mast cells. It has a quinidine-like anti-arrhythmic effect.
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His official cause of death was sudden arrhythmic death syndrome, a condition of unknown origins that may or may not have been related to his craniodiaphyseal dysplasia. Dennis' body was donated to UCLA Medical Center.
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Homozygous flies with this mutation are viable but arrhythmic, whereas dbtAR/+ heterozygotes have extra-long periods of about 29 hours, and their DBT kinase activity is reduced to the lowest rate of all of the DBT alleles.
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The cardiac sodium channel NaV1.5 has long been a common target in the pharmacologic treatment of arrhythmic events. Classically, sodium channel blockers that block the peak sodium current are classified as Class I anti-arrhythmic agents and further subdivided in class IA, IB and IC, depending on their ability to change the length of the cardiac action potential. Use of such sodium channel blockers is among others indicated in patients with ventricular reentrant tachyarrhythmia in the setting of cardiac ischemia and in patients with atrial fibrillation in absence of structural heart disease.
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Okamura collaborated with Amita Sehgal to determine if the mPer1 and mPer2 genes were able to generate circadian oscillations. They transplanted Per1 and Per2 genes from mice into arrhythmic per0 mutants of Drosophila and found that transplantation restored circadian rhythms.
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In regards to rhythmicity of the clock in a free running setting PRR9 and PRR5 are associated with longer and shorter periods respectively. For each gene, the double mutant with PRR7 exacerbates observed trends in rhythmicity. The triple mutant renders the plant arrhythmic.
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He married Frances Smith in 1992 and they divorced in 2004. Their daughter Rebecca Gapes died of sudden arrhythmic death syndrome in 2012, at the age of 19. He has two adult stepdaughters. He is a keen supporter of West Ham United.
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After its initial US FDA approval, due to the pro-arrhythmic potential it was only made available to hospitals and prescribers that had received education and undergone specific training in the risks of treatment with dofetilide; however, this restriction was subsequently removed in 2016.
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In 1979 Konopka worked with Alfred Handler to discover the nature behind pacemaker signalling by transplanting brains of donor flies into abdomens of arrhythmic host flies. They found that circadian rhythms in host flies were restored with the period of the donor; for example, short period (perS) adult brains implanted into the abdomens of arrhythmic (per01) hosts could confer a short period rhythm on the activity of some hosts for at least 4 cycles. Since the transplanted brains were unable to create new neuronal connections to locomotor activity centers, Konopka and Handler concluded that pacemaker signalling for locomotion must be humoral and not neuronal.
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The rhy-2 mutant is arrhythmic with regard to conidiation in constant darkness, but rhythmic in a light-dark cycle. Rhy-2 is also only weakly sensitive to light, suggesting that the polyglutamine region may be essential for both clock function and light sensing in Neurospora.
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Triggered beats occur when problems at the level of the ion channels in individual heart cells result in abnormal propagation of electrical activity and can lead to sustained abnormal rhythm. They are relatively rare and can result from the action of anti-arrhythmic drugs, or after depolarizations.
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Class Ic agents are indicated for supraventricular arrhythmias (i.e. atrial fibrillation) and as a last line treatment for refractory life-threatening ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation. These agents are potentially pro-arrhythmic, especially in settings of structural heart disease (e.g. post-myocardial infarction), and are contraindicated in such settings.
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These mutations were alternative alleles of a gene that Konopka subsequently named period. While wild type flies have a circadian period around 24 hours, Konopka found the per01 mutant was arrhythmic, the perS mutant had a period of 19 hours, and the perL had a period of 29 hours.
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Once a high threshold is reached, the pump shuts off and light-sensitive channels open to dissipate the gradient. A light pulse during the subjective night closes the channels and starts the pump; the value of the gradient when the channels close is the same as the value when the pump starts, and thus a reset in the cycle is produced and an oscillation results. This model has been replaced with a transcription translation negative feedback model involving timeless, clock, and cycle. Also in 1980, Konopka and Steven Wells reported an abnormality in the morphology of a neurosecretory cell group associated with the arrhythmic per01 mutation and with 2 arrhythmic mutants of another fly strain, Drosophila pseudoobscura.
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Propafenone is metabolized primarily in the liver. Because of its short half-life, it requires dosing two or three times daily to maintain steady blood levels. The long-term safety of propafenone is unknown. Because it is structurally similar to another anti-arrhythmic medicine, flecainide, similar cautions should be exercised in its use.
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Azimilide has been studied for its anti-arrhythmic effects: its converts and maintains sinus rhythm in patients with atrial arrhythmias; and it reduces the frequency and severity of ventricular arrhythmias in patients with implanted cardioverter-defibrillators. Azimilide's most important adverse effect is torsades de pointes, which is a form of ventricular tachycardia.
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The court heard from Kevin Channer, a cardiologist at Royal Hallamshire Hospital, who analysed electrocardiogram (ECG) data from the defibrillator paramedics had used on Tomlinson. He said the readings were inconsistent with an arrhythmic heart attack, but consistent with death from internal bleeding. Pathologist Nat Carey concurred regarding the cause of death.
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According to Ball, performances were accompanied by a "balalaika orchestra playing delightful folk-songs." Influenced by African music, arrhythmic drumming and jazz were common at Dada gatherings. After the cabaret closed down, Dada activities moved on to a new gallery, and Hugo Ball left for Bern. Tzara began a relentless campaign to spread Dada ideas.
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Most anti-arrhythmic medications exert their effects by decreasing the permeability of potassium ion channels (IKr) in heart cells. These potassium channel blockers delay ventricular repolarization and prolong action potential duration (APD; the prolongation of the electrical stimulus within heart cells). These changes can lower heart rate, eliminate atrial fibrillation, and ultimately sudden cardiac death.
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After the transplantation, the formerly wild-type hamster displayed a shortened period which resembled the mutant, and the mutant-strain hamster showed normal period. The SCN restored rhythm to arrhythmic recipients, which afterwards always exhibited the circadian period of the donor. This result led to the conclusion that the SCN is sufficient and necessary for mammalian circadian rhythms.
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Reliant Pharmaceuticals was a company purchased by GlaxoSmithKline in December 2007 for $1.65B.Reliant Redirect - GlaxoSmithKline Co-founded by Joseph J. Krivulka. It was known for six major products, including Lovaza(Omega-3), Axid(H2 blocker), Dynacirc CR (calcium channel blocker), Antara (fenofibrate), InnoPran XL (beta blocker), Lescol XL (Fluvastatin) )and Rythmol SR (Class IC anti-arrhythmic). Reliant Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
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The music of the Mekons' debut is aggressively primitive. Most of the songs are built on one or two chords, and each is "propelled by Jon Langford's herky-jerky, somewhat arrhythmic drumming". The lyrics are all highly political in nature and, like those of their friends in Gang of Four, decidedly far left, but with "a more literary approach".
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Mexiletine (INN) (sold under the brand names Mexitil and NaMuscla) is a medication used to treat abnormal heart rhythms, chronic pain, and some causes of muscle stiffness. Common side effects include abdominal pain, chest discomfort, drowsiness, headache, and nausea. It works as a non-selective voltage-gated sodium channel blocker and belongs to the Class IB group of anti-arrhythmic medications.
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Some spiders exhibit unusually long or short circadian clocks. Some trashline orbweavers, for example, have 18.5-hour circadian clocks, but are still able to entrain to a 24-hour cycle. This adaptation may help the spiders avoid predators by allowing them to be most active before sunrise. Black widows' clocks are arrhythmic, perhaps due to their preference for dark environments.
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In 1998, Rosbash et al. discovered the novel clock gene cycle, a homolog of the mammalian Bmal1 gene. Homozygous cycle0 mutants are arrhythmic in locomotor activity and heterozygous cycle0/+ flies have robust rhythms with an altered period of rhythmicity. Western blot analysis shows that homozygous cycle0 mutants have very little PER and TIM protein as well as low per and tim mRNA levels.
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Anti-arrhythmic medication is taken to treat irregular beating of the heart. This irregular beating results from a deregulation of the initiation or propagation of the electrical stimulus of the heart. The most common chronic arrhythmia is atrial fibrillation. There is an increased incidence of atrial fibrillation in the elderly and some examples of complications include heart failure exacerbation, hypotension and thrombembolic events.
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There has been a large resemblance reported between the concentration range associated with arrhythmic suppression of acecainide and the range of concentrations where intolerable side effects begin to develop. No severe cardiac toxicity has been notified with oral intake despite plasma concentrations as high as 40 micrograms/ml. However, hypotension has been reported in association with a rapid injection of acecainide.
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Wearable cardioverter defibrillator A wearable cardioverter defibrillator (WCD) is a device worn by patients who are at risk for sudden cardiac arrest (SCA). A WCD allows physicians time to assess for their patient's arrhythmic risk and make appropriate plans. A WCD is lightweight and easy to wear. The WCD is non-invasive and consists of two main components – a garment and a monitor.
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Tedisamil is being developed as an alternative to other antiarrhythmics as incidence of additional arrhythmic events is lower compared to other class III agents. Tedisamil also has significant anti-ischemic properties and was initially investigated as a potential treatment for angina until its antiarrhythmic effects were discovered. Tedisamil is manufactured by Solvay Pharmaceuticals Inc. under the proposed trade name Pulzium.
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She was next airlifted to Westchester Medical Center in nearby Valhalla, New York. Doug Bruno changed his flight plans to fly to New York to see his former assistant. She was still alive when Bruno arrived, but she died the following day from what her brother described as an "arrhythmic episode to her heart." Dixon died a little over a month shy of her 29th birthday.
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In consideration of these important properties of calcium, two conclusions can be drawn. First, with less calcium in the cell, there is a decrease in electrical signals for contraction, thus allowing time for the heart's natural pacemaker to rectify arrhythmic contractions. Secondly, lower calcium means a decrease in strength and rate of the contractions, which can be helpful in treatment of abnormally fast heart rates.
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Specifically, Nishimura found that there are 301 long period mutations, 92 arrhythmic mutants, and only a single short period mutation. Thus Nishimura concluded that kaiA mutations usually lead to an extension of the period. An exception would be the mutant F224S in which a short period of 22h was found in KaiA. KaiA mutant periods ranged up to 50h in which some mutants demonstrated arrythmicity.
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The graph of the Ursatz is arrhythmic, as is a strict-counterpoint cantus firmus exercise.Free Composition, § 21. Even at intermediate levels of reduction, rhythmic signs (open and closed noteheads, beams and flags) display not rhythm but the hierarchical relationships between the pitch-events. Schenkerian analysis is an abstract, complex, and difficult method, not always clearly expressed by Schenker himself and not always clearly understood.
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Per2 knockout mice experience a free-running period of around 21.8 hours, compared to the normal mouse free-running period of 23.3 hours. Some of the Per2 knockout mice can also become arrhythmic under constant light conditions. PER2 has also been shown to be possibly important in the development of cancer. PER2 expression is significantly lower in human patients with lymphoma and acute myeloid leukemia.
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It can be achieved by utilizing ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) as a mutagen. The mutation results in a cytosine being swapped for a thymine at the 7764959 position (C7764959T). This substitution causes what was initially encoded as a glutamine to be swapped for a premature stop codon, preventing further translation of the gene. Jrk was identified as a homozygous mutant with completely arrhythmic locomotor behavior in constant darkness.
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Five radio-collared binturongs in the Phu Khieo Wildlife Sanctuary exhibited an arrhythmic activity dominated by crepuscular and nocturnal tendencies with peaks in the early morning and late evening. Reduced inactivity periods occurred from midday to late afternoon. They moved between and daily in the dry season and increased their daily movement to in the wet season. Ranges sizes of males varied between and .
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Serial echocardiograms are routinely obtained to follow the cardiac remodeling over time, and document reduction in outflow tract gradient. When compared to surgical myectomy, similar outcomes are noted out to approximately 10 years. However, a prospective, randomized trial has not been performed. Despite initial concerns regarding long-term arrhythmic potential after alcohol septal ablation, the risk appears to be no worse than for surgical myectomy.
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The dbtS mutation causes a PER/TIM oscillation period of 18–20 hours. There is no current evidence for the mechanism affected by the mutation, but it is caused by a substitution in the protein sequence (Pro-47→ Ser mutation). Another dbt mutation is dbtAR, which causes arrhythmic activities in Drosophila. It a hypermorphic allele that is the result of a His 126→Tyr mutation.
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Disopyramide (INN, trade names Norpace and Rythmodan) is an antiarrhythmic medication used in the treatment of ventricular tachycardia. It is a sodium channel blocker and therefore classified as a Class 1a anti-arrhythmic agent. Disopyramide has a negative inotropic effect on the ventricular myocardium, significantly decreasing the contractility. Disopyramide also has an anticholinergic effect on the heart which accounts for many adverse side effects.
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In 2011, Ng et al. demonstrated that glial-neural signaling may physiologically modulate pdf in a calcium dependent manner. The glial cells, specifically astrocytes, in the adult Drosophila brain physiologically regulate circadian neurons, and affect the output PDF. Separate experiments using Gal4-UAS-regulated transgenes to alter glial release of internal calcium stores, glial vesicle trafficking, and membrane gradients all produced arrhythmic locomotor activity.
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Later, by determining the sequence of the gene on the X chromosome, they found that the arrhythmic mutation produced a functionless protein, while long-period and short-period mutants of per changed the amino acid sequence of a still functional protein. Period and Timeless proteins bind together to form a stabilized dimer, which allows the two to enter the nucleus. Phosphorylation of period by double-time initiates degradation.
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Similarly, gain of function of Na+ and Ca2+ channels results in delayed repolarization, and Ca2+ overload causing increased Ca2+ binding to cardiac troponin C, more actin-myosin interactions and causing an increased contractility, respectively. Mutations cause many arrhythmic conditions, including atrial fibrillation (AF), atrial flutter (AFl), and ventricular fibrillation (V-Fib). Arrhythmias can also be induced by altered activity of the vagus nerve and activation of β1 adrenergic receptors.
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Current treatment options for Boxer cardiomyopathy are largely restricted to the use of oral anti- arrhythmic medications. The aim of therapy is to minimize ventricular ectopy, eliminate syncopal episodes, and prevent sudden cardiac death.Meurs KM, Spier AW, Wright NA, Atkins CE, DeFrancesco T, Gordon S, et al. Comparison of the effects of four antiarrhythmic treatments for familial ventricular arrhythmias in Boxers. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2002;221:522–7.
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In acute decompensated heart failure, the immediate goal is to re-establish adequate perfusion and oxygen delivery to end organs. This entails ensuring that airway, breathing, and circulation are adequate. Management consists of propping up the head of the patient, giving oxygen to correct hypoxemia, administering morphine, diuretics like furosemide, addition of an ACE inhibitor, use of nitrates and use of digoxin if indicated for the heart failure and if arrhythmic.
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In Drosophila, certain lateral neurons (LNs) have been shown to be important for circadian rhythms, including dorsal (LNd) and ventral (LNV) neurons. LNV neurons express PDF (pigment dispersion factor), which was initially hypothesized to be a clock output signal. Mutants for the pdf neuropeptide gene (pdf01) as well as flies selectively ablated for LNV produced similar behavioral responses. Both entrained to external light cues, but were largely arrhythmic in constant conditions.
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AZD1305 possesses class III anti-arrhythmic activity by blocking the human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) potassium channel. hERG contributes to the formation of potassium ion channel proteins that are responsible for the conduction of the rapid delayed rectifying potassium current. Blocking this current prolongs action potential duration (APD), increases refractory period, and delays repolarization of cardiac myocytes in the ventricles and atria. Delayed repolarizations increase susceptibility to EAD.
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AF and TdP may be induced with L-type calcium channel hyperactivity and increased calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. The L-type calcium current is also blocked by AZD 1305 which suppresses the intracellular rises in calcium levels and calcium oscillations that produce EADs. The combined block of INa, IKr, and L-type calcium current is key to the anti-arrhythmic potential of AZD1305 compared IKr blockade alone.
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By temporally regulating cAMP signalling, Rgs16 has been shown to be a key factor in synchronising intercellular communication between pacemaker neurons in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the centre for circadian rhythm control in humans. PER2 is a well-known regulator of circadian rhythms and contains a variant recently shown to be associated with iris formation. This suggests a link between iris function and chronotype. Per2 knockout mice show arrhythmic locomotor activity.
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In five of the cases, the lidocaine treatment was combined with mexiletine (Mexitil®), which is a class 1B anti-arrhythmic with similar pharmacological properties as lidocaine. The mechanism by which lidocaine reduces pain in Dercum's disease is unclear. It may block impulse conduction in peripheral nerves, and thereby disconnect abnormal nervous impulse circuits. Nonetheless, it might also depress cerebral activity that could lead to increased pain thresholds.
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The neuropeptide VIP is a homolog of PDF instrumental for cellular and behavioral 24-hour rhythms in mammals. It is expressed in 10 percent of neurons in the SCN. In a study of VIP and VIP receptor 2 (VIPR2) knockout mice, both mutants displayed entrained activity rhythms in light-dark cycle. However, in constant darkness both models displayed poor rhythmicity (very short period), and half of the animals tested were arrhythmic.
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Serum levels of acecainide increase in patients on chronic procainamide therapy, particularly in those with renal impairment. The average serum concentration ratio of acecainide to procainamide is 0.8 to 1.2, depending on a genetically determined tendency to acetylate procainamide rapidly or slowly. Because the ratio varies from patient to patient, measuring serum acecainide and procainamide together helps to achieve an optimum anti-arrhythmic effect and reduce the risk of toxicity.
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Hyperkalemia of the tissue is one of the symptoms associated with OP poisoning. While the cellular processes leading to cardiac toxicity are not well understood, the potassium current channels are believed to be involved. Class III anti-arrhythmic agents block the potassium membrane currents in cardiac cells, which makes them a candidate for become a therapeutic of OP poisoning. There is insufficient evidence to support using plasma alkalinisation to treat a person with organophosphate poisoning.
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Asian golden cat with a piece of meat Asian golden cats are territorial and solitary. Previous observations suggested that they are primarily nocturnal, but a field study on two radio-collared specimens revealed arrhythmic activity patterns dominated by crepuscular and diurnal activity peaks, with much less activity late at night. In the study, the male's territory was in size and increased by more than 15% during the rainy season. The female's territory was in size.
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QT interval variability (QTV) refers to the physiological phenomenon of beat- to-beat fluctuations in QT interval of electrocardiograms. Increased QTV appears to be a marker of arrhythmic and cardiovascular death; it may also play a role for noninvasive assessment of sympathetic nervous system activity. Other terms used include: "QT variability", "beat-to-beat variability of ventricular repolarization (BRV)" Beat-to-beat measurement of QT interval using two-dimensional signal warping (2DSW).
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CRY logo Cardiac Risk in the Young (CRY) is a humanitarian charitable organisation helping to raise awareness of young sudden cardiac death (YSCD, SCD), including sudden arrhythmic death syndrome (SADS, SDS). CRY was established in May 1995 by Alison Cox MBE and is based in the United Kingdom. The charity supports the families of victims of YSCD, facilitates the heart screening of young people through cardiac testing programmes and contributes to medical research.
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Studies have found that higher circadian levels of melatonin correspond to lower rates of breast cancer while abnormally low serum melatonin levels can increase a woman's chance of developing breast cancer. Irregular/arrhythmic melatonin levels has, in addition to cancer, been linked to development of cardiovascular disease. These data imply that strategic administration of supplemental melatonin may apply to a wide range of physiological abnormalities and that further research is needed to clarify these effects.
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In Drosophila, a mutant form of Clock (Jrk) was identified by Allada, Hall, and Rosbash in 1998. The team used forward genetics to identify non-circadian rhythms in mutant flies. Jrk results from a premature stop codon that eliminates the activation domain of the CLOCK protein. This mutation causes dominant effects: half of the heterozygous flies with this mutant gene have a lengthened period of 24.8 hours, while the other half become arrhythmic.
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Zack Handlen of The A.V. Club gave the episode a 'B+' rating, marking it down for loose writing but praising its impressive final showdown and "weird, arrhythmic vibe working for the show for once". In 2012, The A.V. Club ranked this episode as one of top ten "must see" episodes of the original series. In 2012, Christian Science Monitor ranked this the ninth best episode of the original Star Trek. Keith R.A. DeCandido of Tor.
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PDE3 enzymes are involved in regulation of cardiac and vascular smooth muscle contractility. Molecules that inhibit PDE3 were originally investigated for the treatment of heart failure, but, because of unwanted arrhythmic side-effects, they are not studied for that indication any longer. Nonetheless, the PDE3 inhibitor milrinone is approved for use in heart failure in intravenous form. Both PDE3A and PDE3B are expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells and are likely to modulate contraction.
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The American Neurological Association's study entitled “Syncope: A videometric analysis of 56 episodes of transient cerebral hypoxia” observed the effects of cerebral hypoxia on 42 test subjects who completely lost consciousness. Their syncope state lasted 12.1 seconds, plus or minus 4.4 seconds. Muscle jerks occurred in 90% of patients. The most common pattern of movement consisted of multifocal arrhythmic jerks (uncoordinated spasms of multiple muscle groups) in both proximal and distal muscles.
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Cyc01 also known as cyc0 is a recessive null mutant allele. This means that a Drosophila with two copies of the cyc01 mutant does not produce a functional CYCLE protein. The resulting Drosophila exhibits arrhythmic activity and cannot entrain to any light-dark cycle. Cyc01 mutants showed a disproportionately large sleep rebound and died after 10 hours of sleep deprivation, although they were more resistant than other clock mutants to various stressors.
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Cyc02 is a recessive mutant, characterized by a severe reduction in levels of PER protein. In each case, the mutation was the result of a nonsense mutation in the PAS-encoding region found in 1999 following a forward screen of ethyl methanesulfonatemutants. Under both light-dark and continuous dark conditions, the cyc02 mutant was arrhythmic and nearly continuously active. Both the cyc01 and the cyc02 mutants were identified by the same team.
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Though it frequently crosses genres, Yass music can be broadly described as a frequently arrhythmic and highly improvised style of Jazz. The most seminal period for Yass was in the 1990s, with many active groups performing and releasing albums, including Miłość, Łoskot, Trytony, and Mazzoll & Arhythmic Perfection. A good overview of the Yass scene exists on the compilation album Cały ten Yass! released by Jazz Forum magazine shortly after the genre's heyday.
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In addition, vitamin deficiencies have been linked to intention tremor, especially deficiency in vitamin E. Pharmacological agents such as anti-arrhythmic drugs, anti-epileptic agents, benzodiazepine, cyclosporine, lithium, neuroleptics, and stimulants have been known to cause intention tremor. Some ordinary activities including ingesting too much caffeine, cigarettes, and alcohol, along with stress, anxiety, fear, anger and fatigue have also been shown to cause intention tremor by negatively affecting the cerebellum, brainstem, or thalamus, as discussed in mechanisms.
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If antiarrhythmic agents are used, their efficacy should be guided by series ambulatory holter monitoring, to show a reduction in arrhythmic events. While angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE Inhibitors) are well known for slowing progression in other cardiomyopathies, they have not been proven to be helpful in ACM. Individuals with decreased RV ejection fraction with dyskinetic portions of the right ventricle may benefit from long term anticoagulation with warfarin to prevent thrombus formation and subsequent pulmonary embolism.
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The anti-arrhythmic medications often used in either pharmacological cardioversion or in the prevention of relapse to AF alter the flux of ions in heart tissue, making them less excitable, setting the stage for spontaneous and durable cardioversion. The agents work by prolonging the Effective Refractory Period (ERP) either by blocking sodium ions (Class I drugs) or by blocking potassium ions (Class III drugs) or a mixture of both. These medications are often used in concert with electrical cardioversion.
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The shimmy is also a class of belly dance moves. Depending on the desired effect, style, teacher, and country of origin of the particular dance, a shimmy might be executed differently, but altogether, the shimmy will manifest as a fast shaking or shuddering movement that can be rhythmic or arrhythmic. The movement may be localized, such as in the hips, shoulder, chest, etc., or the move might be loose and general, reverberating through the entire body.
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HMR 1883 (1-[5-[2-(5-chloro-o-anisamido)ethyl]-2-methoxyphenyl]sulfonyl-3 methylthiourea) and its sodium salt HMR 1098, are experimental anti-arrhythmic drugs classified as sulfonylthiourea compounds.Heinrich C. Englert, Uwe Gerlach, Heinz Goegelein, Jens Hartung, Holger Heitsch, Dieter Mania, and Sabine Scheidler. 2001. Cardioselective KATP Channel Blockers Derived from a New Series of m-Anisamidoethylbenzenesulfonylthioureas J. Med. Chem. 44 (7):1085–1098 Their main purpose is to treat ventricular fibrillation caused by myocardial ischemia.
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Some children may require special equipment and aids such as braces to arrest scoliosis, splints to modify hand movements, and nutritional programs to help them maintain adequate weight. Treatment of Rett syndrome includes: Because of the increased risk of sudden cardiac death, when long QT syndrome is found on an annual screening EKG it is treated with an anti-arrhythmic such as a beta-blocker. There is some evidence that phenytoin may be more effective than a beta-blocker.
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The PDEs belong to at least eleven related gene families, which are different in their primary structure, substrate affinity, responses to effectors, and regulation mechanism. Most of the PDE families are composed of more than one gene. PDE3 is clinically significant because of its role in regulating heart muscle, vascular smooth muscle and platelet aggregation. PDE3 inhibitors have been developed as pharmaceuticals, but their use is limited by arrhythmic effects and they can increase mortality in some applications.
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In a series of experiments done at Washington University School of Medicine and Brandeis University, pdf was shown to be critical for circadian output coordination. Flies mutant at the pdf gene locus displayed arrhythmic circadian oscillation. Wild type flies, over the 24-hour LD cycle, are active at dawn, quieter at midday and active again at the evening, and their rhythmic behavior persists in constant dark (DD). Flies with the pdf-null (pdf01) mutation displayed disrupted circadian behavior.
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Born in Fiji, he graduated in medicine from University of Otago (New Zealand) in 1963 and completed residency at Auckland Hospital, followed by a cardiology fellowship at Greenlane Hospital. In 1969, Singh was awarded a Nuffield travelling fellowship and moved to Oxford to work with Miles Vaughan Williams. There, he worked on the anti-arrhythmic properties of drugs including amiodarone. Such work helped to refine the characteristics of Class III compounds in the developing Vaughan Williams classification.
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Because of this, the American Whippet Club recommends that breeders test for this defect in their breeding stock. Hip dysplasia is rare in Whippets, with only 1.2% of 161 evaluations performed by the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals being determined as dysplasic. The heart of a Whippet is large and slow beating, often being arrhythmic or even intermittent when the animal is at rest. This sometimes causes concern to the owner, or to the vet not experienced with the breed.
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Ajmaline (also known by trade names Gilurytmal, Ritmos, and Aritmina) is an alkaloid that is classified as a 1-A antiarrhythmic agent. It is often used to induce arrhythmic contraction in patients suspected of having Brugada syndrome. Individuals suffering from Brugada syndrome will be more susceptible to the arrhythmogenic effects of the drug, and this can be observed on an electrocardiogram as an ST elevation. The compound was first isolated by Salimuzzaman Siddiqui in 1931 from the roots of Rauvolfia serpentina.
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Jrk is a mutation of a gene (not to be confused with JRKL ) discovered by Michael Rosbash and his colleagues in 1998. A common misconception is that the Jrk mutant gene is the Drosophila homolog of CLOCK (mClock), which disrupts cycling transcription of the per and tim genes. The Jrk mutation was discovered before dClock, but it is a mutation of dClock. Jrk is a semi-dominant third chromosome mutant displaying arrhythmic, or not rhythmic, locomotor behavior in constant darkness.
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Approximately half of all of the Jrk heterozygotes were arrhythmic, and those that did manifest a rhythm had a slightly longer period than the wild-type controls. Researchers also observed that both PER and TIM levels are extremely low and non-cycling in homozygous Jrk flies, approximately equivalent to the trough levels of wild-type flies. In heterozygotes, PER and TIM cycle well, but the amplitude is reduced by approximately 50%, consistent with the clear effects on behavioral rhythmicity in these flies.
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Since this species is newly recognized, little to no literature is available on communication and perception. For these mammals, hearing and smell are the most important senses they possess because they do not have good eyesight. They can recognize and hear vibrations through the ground and can detect food sources with their sense of smell. Elephants are also an arrhythmic species, meaning they have the ability to see just as well in dim light as they can in the daylight.
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Allen's hobbies included painting, which he became increasingly enthusiastic about in his later years. His first exhibition, Private Views, was held in Edinburgh in 2001. He died peacefully in his sleep as a result of sudden arrhythmic death syndrome at his home in Kensington, London, on 10 March 2005 at the age of 68. He was survived by Karin Tynan O'Mahony (née Stark), his wife of 18 months who had been his partner since 1986, and his three children from his first marriage.
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However, too high a temperature speeds up the metabolism of different tissues to such a rate that their metabolic capital is soon exhausted. Blood that is too warm produces dyspnea by exhausting the metabolic capital of the respiratory centre; heart rate is increased; the beats then become arrhythmic and eventually cease. The central nervous system is also profoundly affected by hyperthermia and delirium, and convulsions may set in. Consciousness may also be lost, propelling the person into a comatose condition.
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Implantable cardioverter defibrillators have demonstrated clear life-saving benefits, but concerns about patient acceptance and psychological adjustment to the ICD have been the focus of much research. Researchers, including those from the field of cardiac psychology, have concluded that the quality of life (QoL) of ICD patients is at least equal to, or better than, that of those taking anti- arrhythmic medications. The largest study of examined 2,521 patients with stable heart failure in the SCD-HeFT trial.Bardy, Lee, Mark et al.
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Using molecular autopsy for SCD in the young, fit, and seemingly healthy individual is an increasingly interesting topic for research. Up to 30% of the autopsies given post-mortem to young individuals who die of SCD have no cause of death identified, called autopsy-negative or sudden arrhythmic death syndrome (SADS). This is because many primary arrhythmogenic disorders do not cause structural damage to the heart, making it difficult for pathologists to draw a conclusion on the cause of death.
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In test with rabbits, significant improvement in protection against arrhythmic effects and infarct size reduction was observed after administrating exogenously SRTX-c (in dosage of 0.24 nmol/kg, i.v.) prior the coronary occlusion accident. That was achieved thanks to ability of SRTX-c to activate selected ETB receptors. In rat thoracic aorta, the contractile activity is grouped as follows: ET-1 > SRTX-b > SRTX-a > SRTX-c at lower concentrations, but SRTX-b > ET-1 > SRTX-a > SRTX-c at higher concentrations.
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Some of the tracks, such as the remixes of "andata" by Electric Youth and Oneohtrix Point Never, make rhythmic versions out of the otherwise arrhythmic source material and also exaggerate certain melodies from it. Oneohtrix Point Never's remix is a calmer version of the original track, mainly driven by a piano performing the melody with synthesized plucks and, in the track's most intense moment, buzzing sounds surrounding it.Sherburne, Philip (July 25, 2017). ""Andata" (Oneohtrix Point Never Rework) by Ryuichi Sakamoto Review". Pitchfork.
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In the chronic stage, treatment involves managing the clinical manifestations of the disease. The treatment of Chagas cardiomyopathy is similar to that of other forms of heart disease. Beta blockers and ACE inhibitors may be prescribed, but some people with Chagas disease may not be able to take the standard dose of these drugs because they have low blood pressure or a low heart rate. To manage irregular heartbeats, people may be prescribed anti-arrhythmic drugs such as amiodarone, or have a pacemaker implanted.
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Beatle Bob (born Robert E. Matonis, 12 January 1953) is a well-known figure in the St. Louis, Missouri music scene. He is known for his arrhythmic dance moves, Beatles-inspired "mop top" hairstyle and tailored 1960s-style suits. He is often seen doing his characteristic dancing at a wide range of concerts including Ani DiFranco, Whiskeytown, Less Than Jake and Chuck Berry, both in the crowd and onstage with the performers. His constant presence and dancing is welcomed by some concertgoers and an aggravation to others.
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AZD 1305 also acts on voltage gated sodium channels (Nav1.5) by attenuating the peak (INapeak) and late sodium current (INalate), though the latter current is more potently inhibited. Attenuation of INalate by AZD1305 is concentration-dependent and decreases the slope of depolarization and delays repolarization. INalate blockade by AZD1305 depressed the threshold of sodium channel excitation and prolongs APD. Blockade of IKr may lead to excessive prolongation of APD and repolarization instability, which may promote arrhythmic conditions in the heart, including EAD and Torsade de Pointes (TdP).
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Designed by musician, William A. Romanowski, the musical aspects of the game are notable in that they are generated using algorithms designed to respond to the player's interactions with the interface. The game's AI algorithms were initially developed using the Nord Modular Synthesizer, with those concepts applied to the game's music and graphics generation systems. The music engine creates unique, arrhythmic musical compositions for each player's levels, providing an immersive, sensual environment. In this way the game can be compared to generative music games Rez, and Otocky.
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On 22 June 2005, colleagues caught Högel intentionally manipulating a patient's syringe pump, administering the anti- arrhythmic Gilurytmal (Ajmaline) without medical indication. The incident prompted the Delmenhorst police inspectorate to initiate an investigation into Högel. In the course of the investigation, multiple Klinikum Delmenhorst employees independently came forward to voice their concerns, suspecting Högel's possible responsibility for numerous complications, resuscitations and further unexplained deaths at the hospital. The extensive police investigation that followed these allegations examined all deaths at the hospital between 2003 and 2005.
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These studies have shown improved survival with ICD's compared to the use of anti-arrhythmic drugs. ICD therapy is associated with a 50% relative risk reduction in death caused by an arrhythmia and a 25% relative risk reduction in all cause mortality. Primary prevention of SCD with ICD therapy for high- risk patient populations has similarly shown improved survival rates in a number of large studies. The high-risk patient populations in these studies were defined as those with severe ischemic cardiomyopathy (determined by a reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)).
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Mutations that mapped to cluster regions of kaiA led to long period phenotypes, thus suggesting that kaiA cluster regions play a role in regulating the period length of circadian oscillation. Regions of KaiA that increase kaiBC expression (allowing for rhythm) are most likely not in cluster regions because arrhythmic mutants (C53S, V76A, F178S, F224S, F274K) were mapped to different part of kaiA. Williams postulated that the KaiA135N is a pseudo-receiver domain is a timing input device that controls KaiA stimulation of KaiC autophosphorylation, thus crucial for circadian oscillation.
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Cry mutants have altered circadian rhythms, showing that Cry affects the circadian pacemaker. Drosophila with mutated Cry exhibit little to no mRNA cycling. A point mutation in cryb, which is required for flavin association in CRY protein, results in no PER or TIM protein cycling in either DD or LD. In addition, mice lacking Cry1 or Cry2 genes exhibit differentially altered free running periods, but are still capable of photoentrainment. However, mice that lack both Cry1 and Cry2 are arrhythmic in both LD and DD and always have high Per1 mRNA levels.
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Three distinct mutant types—arrhythmic, shortened period, and lengthened period—were identified. These mutations all involved the same functional gene on the X chromosome and influenced the eclosion rhythm of the population as well as rhythms in individual flies' locomotor activity. To monitor Drosophila locomotor activity, Benzer and postdoctoral researcher, Yoshiki Hotta, designed a system using infrared light and solar cells. All three mutations were mapped to the X chromosome, zero centimorgans away from each other, indicating that the mutant phenotypes corresponded to alleles of the same gene, which Konopka named period.
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The mouse homolog to the Jrk mutant is the ClockΔ19 mutant that possesses a deletion in exon 19 of the Clock gene. This dominant-negative mutation results in a defective CLOCK-BMAL dimer, which causes mice to have a decreased ability to activate per transcription. In constant darkness, ClockΔ19 mice heterozygous for the Clock mutant allele exhibit lengthened circadian periods, while ClockΔ19/Δ19 mice homozygous for the allele become arrhythmic. In both heterozygotes and homozygotes, this mutation also produces lengthened periods and arrhythmicity at the single-cell level.
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Prediction of the Risk of Torsade de Pointes Using the Model of Isolated Canine Purkinje Fibres. British Journal of Pharmacology (2005) 144.3:376–385. The anti-emetic agent ondansetron may also increase the risk of developing TdP. It has also been shown as a side effect of certain anti-arrhythmic medications, such as sotalol, procainamide, quinidine, ibutilide, and dofetilide In one example, the gastrokinetic drug cisapride (Propulsid) was withdrawn from the US market in 2000 after it was linked to deaths caused by long QT syndrome-induced torsades de pointes.
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In 1979, Menaker and Natille Headrick Zimmerman expanded on Menaker's previous work with house sparrows, by exploring the influence of the pineal gland and hypothalamus on circadian rhythms. They transplanted the pineal tissue of one sparrow into the anterior chamber of the eyes of an arrhythmic, pinealectomized sparrow. Prior to the transplantation procedure, the donor birds were entrained to a 12:12 light:dark photoperiod cycle. This allowed them to compare the onset of activity, measured by perching patterns, of the donors before pineal transplantation and the recipients after transplantation.
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Upon receiving pineal tissue transplantation, previously arrhythmic sparrows experienced the reestablishment of rhythmicity. In fact, their reestablished circadian oscillations resembled the circadian oscillation pattern for locomotor activity of the donor sparrows. The 20% of the sparrows who had successful transplantations showed temporary arrhythmicity in constant darkness for a period of 10 to 100 days, which was not always evenly distributed in the 24-hour day; the sparrows, however, eventually became rhythmic once again.Zimmerman N.H., Menaker M. The pineal gland: A pacemaker within the circadian system of the house sparrow.
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Ruis, J.F., Buys, J.P., Cambras, T., Rietveld W.J. Effects of t cycles of light/darkness and periodic forced activity on methamphetamine-induced rhythms in intact and SCN- lesioned rats: Explanation by an hourglass-clock model. Physiol Behav. 1990; 47:917-929 Menaker and colleagues tested SCN-lesioned, arrhythmic mice in constant darkness and found that when the MAP was no longer consumed at rhythmic intervals, constant rhythms in locomotor behavior were still found. In another trial, MAP was alternated every other day with water, and locomotor rhythm persisted on days with just the water.
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Menaker and colleagues investigated if MASCO affected the molecular feedback loop underlying the currently accepted model for circadian rhythmicity in mammals. This investigation was done by treating arrhythmic mice lacking or with mutations to various genes in this feedback loop with MAP dosages. These genes included mutations and deletions to Per1, Per2, Cry1, Cry2, Bmal1, Npas2, CLOCK and CK1e. All of these mutants continued to respond and exhibit changes in free-running rhythms in the presence of MAP, despite mutational breaks in the feedback loop for circadian oscillation.
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Available anti-arrhythmic agents (AAD) used for the maintenance of AF are often accompanied with the risk of developing ventricular pro-arrhythmias, as they are often limited to targeting a single ion channel (i.e., Dofeiltide) and have homogenous activity throughout the heart. AZD1305 offers the advantage of being an atrial-selective AAD and combined ion channel blocker that provides protection against EAD, repolarization dispersion, and ventricular pro-arrythmias. Simultaneously, AZD1305 suppresses AF in a safe and efficacious manner, which could potentially be an ideal first-line treatment option in the future.
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While some have QT intervals that are very prolonged, others have only slight QT prolongation, or even a normal QT interval at rest (concealed LQTS). Those with the longest QT intervals are more likely to experience TdP, and a corrected QT interval of greater than 500 ms is thought to represent those at higher risk. Despite this, those with only subtle QT prolongation or concealed LQTS still have some risk of arrhythmias. Overall, every 10 ms increase in the corrected QT interval is associated with a 5% increase in arrhythmic risk.
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November 6, 1999 In 2001 MMW performed several songs for the Red Hot Organization's compilation album Red Hot + Indigo, a tribute to Duke Ellington, which raised money for various charities devoted to increasing AIDS awareness and fighting the disease. Medeski Martin & Wood's live performances are renowned for their exploratory nature. Their concerts usually involve extended improvisations, which may be both arrhythmic and atonal, an aspect of their musicianship that is rarely documented in the studio. They occasionally tour using only acoustic instruments, reverting to the instrumentation that they began their career with.
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Whitacre notates long, sustained notes with text to be spoken at random by each individual singer. Following the opening section is a baritone solo, which is then followed by the development of a new a cappella theme. This section continues into a spoken, arrhythmic incantatory solo with background. In the section titled "The Cloudburst", handbells (which are directed to be hidden from the audience) play a written two bars, and then play at random as the choir crescendos into an aleatoric section, which is signaled by a loud clap of "thunder".
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Although Schenker himself usually presents his analyses in the generative direction, starting from the fundamental structure (Ursatz) to reach the score, the practice of Schenkerian analysis more often is reductive, starting from the score and showing how it can be reduced to its fundamental structure. The graph of the Ursatz is arrhythmic, as is a strict-counterpoint cantus firmus exercise. Even at intermediate levels of the reduction, rhythmic notation (open and closed noteheads, beams and flags) shows not rhythm but the hierarchical relationships between the pitch-events. Schenkerian analysis is subjective.
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The PDF receptor is necessary for rhythmicity since it acts as a binding site for PDF on the pacemaker or 'clock' neurons. The PDF receptor, along with the receptor of its mammalian homolog, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), is known to be a G-protein-coupled receptor of the B1 subfamily. Flies with mutant PDF receptors are arrhythmic or show weak short-period behavioral rhythms. In a 12:12 light-dark cycle, normal flies exhibited locomotor behavior with a morning peak around dawn and an evening peak around dusk.
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Once plugged in, the ends of the device iris open allowing Wise to slip the Uniband onto his upper arm.When the Uniband’s power cord is unplugged and retracted, the ends of the device snap close with enough speed and force to sever fingers. Although the device is plugged into Northguard's voluntary nervous system, there have been indications of spillover from his autonomic nervous system in moments of anxiety. This manifests itself in a series of ascending arrhythmic pulses in the device's power curve, all congruent to his mental state.
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" Despite garnering mockery in the popular media, the arrhythmic and cheaply digitized presentation of deeply confessional lyrics was bewildering enough to be viewed as a contemporary example of outsider art. In The Wire, Andrew Nosnitsky called it a "haunting and fascinating mess of outsider pop music".The Wire 345, p. 56. Writing for The Atlantic, David Cooper Moore suggested that the album "is to teen angst what Eraserhead was to domestic angst", making it "a dark and compelling experiment in abstracting and compressing the vicissitudes of 'high school drama.
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Paul remembered what he learned practicing in the military with Harken- that the hearts of the wounded contracted from the slightest stimulus during surgery. With this in mind, Paul Zoll embarked on a mission to develop electrical methods to prevent sudden arrhythmic death. After proving that his new discoveries were superior to established methods, he had to defend them when other techniques emerged. A sampling of controversies that engulfed Paul Zoll include his technique of closed chest resuscitation versus open chest rescue;Allen B Weisse, M.D. Heart to Heart.
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HuBChe can offer a broad range of protection for nerve agents including soman, sarin, tabun, and VX. HuBChE also possess a very long retention time in the human circulation system and because it is from a human source it will not produce any antagonistic immunological responses. HuBChE is currently being assessed for inclusion into the protective regimen against OP nerve agent poisoning. Currently there is potential for PON1 to be used to treat sarin exposure, but recombinant PON1 variants would need to first be generated to increase its catalytic efficiency. Another potential treatment being researched is the Class III anti-arrhythmic agents.
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Late in 1980 Essendon Airport became a four-piece, adding Ian Cox on saxophone and Paul Fletcher on drums. They performed around Melbourne's newly emerging post-punk inner-city venues such as The Crystal Ballroom, various galleries such as the George Paton, and the Clifton Hill Community Music Centre (CHCMC), a venue for experimental music, performance and film during this time. They worked closely with → ↑ →. Embellished with Fletcher's arrhythmic drumming and Ian Cox' sweet, brittle saxophone, the four-piece provided a range of styles from extreme minimalism to plundering the hidden resonances in the popular song.
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In recent years, data have supported melanopsin as the main circadian photoreceptor, in particular melanopsin cells that mediate entrainment and communication between the eye and the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). One of the main difficulties in confirming or denying CRY as a mammalian photoreceptor is that when the gene is knocked out the animal goes arrhythmic, so it is hard to measure its capacity as purely a photoreceptor. However, some recent studies indicate that human CRY may mediate light response in peripheral tissues. Normal mammalian circadian rhythm relies critically on delayed expression of Cry1 following activation of the Cry1 promoter.
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While the Per3 gene is a paralog to the PER1 and PER2 genes, studies in animals generally show that it does not contribute significantly to circadian rhythms. Functional Per3-/- animals experience only small changes in free-running period, and do not respond significantly differently to light pulses. Per1-/- and Per2-/- animals experience a significant change in free- running period; however, knocking out Per3 in addition to either Per1 or Per2 has little effect on free-running rhythms. Furthermore, Per1-/-Per2-/- mice are completely arrhythmic, indicating that these two genes have much more importance to the biological clock than Per3.
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This period is approximately equal to the absolute refractory period (ARP), it occurs because the fast sodium channels remain closed until the cell fully repolarizes. During this period, depolarization on adjacent cardiac muscles does not produce a new depolarization in the current cell as it has to refract back to phase 4 of the action potential before a new action potential can activate it. ERP acts as a protective mechanism and keeps the heart rate in check and prevents arrhythmias, and it helps coordinates muscle contraction. Anti-arrhythmic agents used for arrhythmias usually prolong the ERP.
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CLD was the least conserved of these regions between D. virilis and D. melanogaster. These conserved parts include: the PER interaction domain, the nuclear localization signal (NLS), cytoplasmic localization domain (CLD), N-terminal end (non- functional), and C-terminal end. TIM is also known to have a basic region, which interacts with the PAS domain of the PER protein, and a central acidic region. There is also a region of unknown function near the N-terminus of the TIM protein that contains a 32 amino acid sequence that, when deleted, causes arrhythmic behavior in the fly.
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Alternatively, to avoid artefacts that are created when calculating the power of a signal that includes a single high-intensity peak (for example caused by an arrhythmic heart beat), the concept of the 'instantaneous Amplitude' has been introduced, which is based on the Hilbert transform of the RR data. A newly used HRV index, which depends on the wavelet entropy measures, is an alternative choice. The wavelet entropy measures are calculated using a three-step procedure defined in the literature. First, the wavelet packet algorithm is implemented using the Daubechies 4 (DB4) function as the mother wavelet with a scale of 7.
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In primary cultures of rat cortical neurons, the inhibition of PDE2A by EHNA potentiates NMDA (N-methyl-D- aspartate) receptor activated increase in cGMP, but has no effect on cAMP concentrations. EHNA is also a very potent adenosine deaminase inhibitor with an IC50 ~2 nM. This dual inhibition would lead to the accumulation of the two inhibitory metabolites, adenosine and cGMP, which may act in synergy to mediate diverse pharmacological responses including anti-viral, anti-tumour and anti-arrhythmic effects. Although EHNA potently inhibits adenosine deaminase, it has been successfully used with the proper controls as a tool to probe PDE2 functions.
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Each of these mutations maps to the kinase domain of DBT gene. The short- and long-period alleles of DBT enhance or attenuate, respectively, PER degradation in the nucleus, further demonstrating the importance of timely PER degradation as a critical determinant in establishing 24-h rhythmicity. In addition to influencing protein degradation, DBT affects the timing of nuclear accumulation of PER. The short-period mutant dbtS delays PER nuclear accumulation, which is independent of PER protein stability, and arrhythmic alleles of dbt cause nuclear accumulation of PER in clock-containing cells of larval and adult Drosophila.
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Whereas rhythms in Per2 promoter activation and Per2 mRNA levels have almost the same phase, Cry1 mRNA production is delayed by approximately four hours relative to Cry1 promoter activation. This delay is independent of CRY1 or CRY2 levels and is mediated by a combination of E/E'-box and D-box elements in the promoter and RevErbA/ROR binding elements (RREs) in the gene's first intron. Transfection of arrhythmic Cry1−/− Cry2−/− double-knockout cells with only the Cry1 promoter (causing constitutive Cry1 expression) is not sufficient to rescue rhythmicity. Transfection of these cells with both the promoter and the first intron is required for restoration of circadian rhythms in these cells.
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Depending on the type of cardiogenic shock, treatment involves infusion of fluids, or in shock refractory to fluids, inotropic medications. In case of an abnormal heart rhythm immediate synchronized cardioversion or anti-arrhythmic agents may be administered, e.g. adenosine. Positive inotropic agents (such as dobutamine or milrinone), which enhance the heart's pumping capabilities, are used to improve the contractility and correct the low blood pressure. Should that not suffice an intra-aortic balloon pump (which reduces workload for the heart, and improves perfusion of the coronary arteries) or a left ventricular assist device (which augments the pump-function of the heart) can be considered.
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Npas2-mutant mice, which do not express functional NPAS2 protein, still maintain robust circadian rhythms in locomotion. However, like CLOCK-deficient mice in the CLOCK/BMAL1 TTFL, Npas2-mutant mice (in the NPAS2/BMAL1 TTFL) still have small defects in their circadian rhythms such as a shortened circadian period and an altered response to changes in the typical light-dark cycle. In addition, Npas2 knockout mice show sleep disturbances and have decreased expression of mPer2 in their forebrains. Mice without functional alleles of both Clock and Npas2 became arrhythmic once placed in constant darkness, suggesting that both genes have overlapping roles in maintaining circadian rhythms.
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For example, GAL4/UAS-regulated transgenes in Drosophila have been used to alter glial expression to produce arrhythmic behavior in a known rhythmic circadian output called pigment dispersing factor (PDF). However, some research has indicated that over-expression of GAL4 in Drosophila can have side-effects, probably relating to immune and stress responses to what is essentially an alien protein. The GAL4-UAS system has also been employed to study gene expression in organisms besides Drosophila such as the African clawed frog Xenopus and zebrafish. The GAL4/UAS system is also utilized in Two-Hybrid Screening, a method of identifying interactions between two proteins or a protein with DNA.
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Knocking out either mPer1 or mPer2 causes a change in period, with mPer1 knockouts free-running with a shorter period and mPer2 knockouts free running with a longer period compared to the original tau before eventually becoming arrhythmic. Similarly, mCry1 knockouts result in a shortened period and mCry2 knockouts result in a lengthened period, with a double mCry1/mCry2 knockouts result in arrhythmicity. There are also secondary loops in mammals, although they are more complex than those seen in Drosophila. Like CWO in Drosophila, Deleted in esophageal cancer1,2 (Dec1 Dec2) repress mPer expression by binding E-boxes which prevents CLOCK-BMAL1 from binding their targets.
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A variety of drugs can present prolongation of the QT interval as a side effect. Prolongation of this interval is a result of a delay in sodium and calcium channel inactivation; without proper channel inactivation, the threshold potential is reached prematurely and thus arrhythmia tends to result. These drugs, known as pro-arrhythmic agents, include antimicrobials, antipsychotics, methadone, and, ironically, antiarrhythmic agents. The use of such agents is particularly frequent in intensive care units, and special care must be exercised when QT intervals are prolonged in such patients: arrhythmias as a result of prolonged QT intervals include the potentially fatal torsades de pointes, or TdP.
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They observed that the presence of active CLK and CYC resulted in the repression of Clk, while arrhythmic per mutants exhibited low levels of Clk. This evidence led them to propose the following model regarding two interlocked feedback loops: # Late at night, PER-TIM dimers in the nucleus bind to and sequester CLK-CYC dimers. This interaction effectively inhibits CLK-CYC function, which leads to the repression of per and tim transcription and the de-repression of Clk transcription. # As PER-TIM levels fall early in the morning, CLK-CYC dimers are released and repress Clk expression, thereby decreasing Clk mRNA levels by the end of the day.
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The central oscillator generates a self-sustaining rhythm and is driven by two interacting feedback loops that are active at different times of day. The morning loop consists of CCA1 (Circadian and Clock-Associated 1) and LHY (Late Elongated Hypocotyl), which encode closely related MYB transcription factors that regulate circadian rhythms in Arabidopsis, as well as PRR 7 and 9 (Pseudo-Response Regulators.) The evening loop consists of GI (Gigantea) and ELF4, both involved in regulation of flowering time genes. When CCA1 and LHY are overexpressed (under constant light or dark conditions), plants become arrhythmic, and mRNA signals reduce, contributing to a negative feedback loop.
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Nadolol may be difficult to obtain and is not available in all countries, and an alternative beta blocker suitable for use in CPVT is Propranolol. Flecainide is a class 1c antiarrhythmic drug that is recommended for those with CPVT who experience abnormal heart rhythms despite taking a beta blocker. Flecainide reduces the risk of arrhythmias in those with CPVT, but it remains uncertain how Flecainide achieves this. Some have suggested that Flecainide directly interacts with the cardiac ryanodine receptor, which is frequently abnormal in those with CPVT, while other suggest that the anti-arrhythmic effects of Flecainide rely entirely on its sodium channel blocking effects.
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Block has also studied the effect that aging has on the circadian system, collaborating with other leading chronobiologists including Michael Menaker. In 2002, he studied rhythmicity in rats of various ages and found that aging affected rhythmicity differently in different tissues. In the SCN, the intrinsic period shortened with age, while lung tissue often became arrhythmic (showing sporadic activity) and pineal and kidney tissues became phase advanced. In 2008, Block exposed rats of various ages to different light cycles, and found that phase advances took longer in the SCN in old rats than in young rats, but pineal tissues advanced faster in older rats.
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Another concern about disopyramide has been the hypothetical potential for inducing sudden death from its type 1 anti-arrhythmic effects. However, a multicenter registry and two recent cohort registries have largely reduced this concern, by showing sudden death rates lower than that observed from the disease itself. These concerns about the drug must be viewed from the clinical perspective that disopyramide is generally the last agent that is tried for patients before they are referred for invasive septal reduction with surgical septal myectomy (an open-heart operation) or alcohol septal ablation (a controlled heart attack). Both of these invasive procedures have risk of morbidity and mortality.
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" Joshua Alston of The A.V. Club gave a C rating to the episode, remarking that the episode was weird but "not weird in a good way, not interesting or daring or ambitious, just kind of generally lumpy, arrhythmic and not-quite-right." But he, like Raines, praised the scene of Luke and Phil: "There were some funny moments sprinkled around the episode. In particular, I liked Phil and Luke’s car scene prior to Phil’s arrest. Nolan Gould’s performance has started to grate on me as Luke has transitioned from a daffy, snarky kid to a yelpy young adult, but he and Ty Burrell really sold the scene, especially Phil’s wounded reactions to Luke’s mockery of Footloose.
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Patients who have undergone such surgical correction of the congenital transposition are exposed to long term risks of cardiovascular events. In particular sinus node dysfunction, atrial arrhythmias, ventricular arrhythmias including sudden cardiac arrhythmic death, heart failure due to anatomically right ventricular failure or venous obstruction at the level of the baffle or caval anatomy have been described. The high chance of developing arrhythmias results in up to 25% of patients who have undergone a Senning or Mustard procedure having a pacemaker by adulthood. Long term studies have disclosed that although from the functional capacity (NYHA Class) standpoint the Senning and the Mustard operation are similar, there is a higher risk of sinus node disease and arrhythmias with the latter.
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WC-2 has been proven to be necessary for both clock- driven and light-driven expression of frq. Light-driven expression of frq relies on light as an input, occurs during daytime, and is mediated by the PLRE. Clock-driven expression occurs in dark conditions during the night and is mediated by a separate region of the frq promoter, the Clock Box. Prior to definitive gene knockouts for WC-1 and WC-2, there was some confusion in literature due to the use of alleles thought to be null mutants but that actually retained function (e.g. supposed WC-2 null allele ER33). However, definitive null alleles of either wc-1 or wc-2 are completely photo-blind and arrhythmic.
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In 1971, Ron Konopka, a geneticist at the California Institute of Technology, discovered the Period gene, which he found to be involved in the circadian clock of Drosophila. In 1999, Paul Hardin discovered that per mRNA underwent strong circadian oscillations by exposing isolated wild-type per mRNA to a series of light-dark (LD) cycles followed by cycles of constant darkness (DD). As a post-doctorate in the lab of chronobiologist Dr. Michael Rosbash, Hardin specifically noted that per mRNA levels in Drosophila brains fluctuate about 10-fold in a typical 24-hour light-dark cycle. Hardin further demonstrated that wild-type protein, PER, can rescue rhythmicity in the mRNA of an arrhythmic mutant of the per gene.
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In most cases, Prigent's voice was recorded first and electronic sounds were added afterwards. This combination of ancient singing and modern music is illustrated by Ar rannoù, one of the oldest known Breton texts, for which Prigent recomposed the traditional tune using electronic sounds. He compared this treatment of singing and music to that of Alan Stivell: Although the extreme difference between his a cappella songs and his new tracks using electronic samples received mixed reviews, Prigent considered that he remained faithful to the arrhythmic, unmeasured aspect of Breton music. Particularly in gwerz, the singer must ensure that the intensity of the event being recounted comes first, and for this purpose, not sing in rhythm, but rather make pauses when appropriate.
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Hekkens W, Th JM, Jerkhof GA and Rhietveld WJ, Pergamon Press, Oxford and New York, pp. 149–161, 1988 Parametric entrainment is entrainment that does not result from an instant change in phase, as governed by a Phase Response Curve, as in the case of masking signals. The term Aschoff used for this phenomenon is “arousal” due to non-photic zeitgebers. Data from experimental assays show a relationship between masking effects and phase, leading to a “demasking” effect whereby animals arrhythmic in constant conditions have free-running periods in high frequency light-dark cycles. Aschoff concluded that the oscillator or circadian clock “integrates” over the intensity of light to which it has been exposed, and then responds with a change in the period of activity, as seen in greenfinches, chaffinches, hamsters, and siskins.
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Sudden arrhythmic death syndrome (SADS), is a term used as part of sudden unexpected death syndrome to describe sudden death because of cardiac arrest occasioned by an arrhythmia in the presence or absence of any structural heart disease on autopsy. The most common cause of sudden death in the US is coronary artery disease specifically because of poor oxygenation of the heart muscle, that is myocardial ischemia or a heart attack Approximately 180,000 to 250,000 people die suddenly of this cause every year in the US. SADS may occur from other causes. There are many inherited conditions and heart diseases that can affect young people which can subsequently cause sudden death without advance symptoms. Causes of SADS in young people include viral myocarditis, long QT syndrome, Brugada syndrome, Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia.
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The Allmusic site awarded the album 3 stars stating "Parts of the second solo album by Prestige Records' house drummer, Idris Muhammad, are an even poppier affair than Black Rhythm Revolution, with a mellow soul-jazz feel replacing the slight Latin tinge of the earlier album... "The Peace and Rhythm Suite" is a side-long suite consisting of two long, spacy compositions that predate the ambient house scene by nearly two decades yet sound entirely of a piece with that style. Long, droning, sustained chords on a variety of wind and reed instruments float above Muhammad's percussion, which ebbs and flows in a free, almost arrhythmic way through most of the piece. Fans of The Orb or Brian Eno will find it an old hat, but for early-'70s jazz, this was downright revolutionary".Mason, S. Allmusic listing accessed July 1, 2013.
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Racemic synephrine, given intramuscularly, or by instillation, was found to significantly reduce the inflammation caused by instillation of mustard oil into the eyes of rabbits. Subcutaneous injection of racemic synephrine into rabbits was reported to cause a large rise in blood sugar. In experiments on anesthetized cats, Papp and Szekeres found that synephrine (stereochemistry unspecified) raised the thresholds for auricular and ventricular fibrillation, an indication of anti-arrhythmic properties. Evidence that synephrine might have some central effects comes from the research of Song and co-workers, who studied the effects of synephrine in mouse models of anti-depressant activity. These researchers observed that oral doses of 0.3 – 10 mg/kg of racemic synephrine were effective in shortening the duration of immobility produced in the assays, but did not cause any changes in spontaneous motor activity in separate tests.
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Spencer Owen, writing for Pitchfork Media, felt that this album "represents a venture into actual melody, at least more so than they've attempted before", likening the result to a "malfunctioning machine that suddenly becomes aware of its existence." Tiny Mixtapes' Tamec explained that the "closest comparison for this music is an arrhythmic Don Caballero with someone moaning and gasping over top of it.". John Fail writing for Fakejazz writes that vocalist Al Johnson has "created another impenetrable mess of words, delivered in a voice that gets raspier with each record." In the film which documents the recording session, Al Johnson explains his vocal style in terms of diagrams which encircle the lyrics, with black dots representing a 'closed throat' sound (producing a rasp), whereas an unfilled dot would mean the lyric would be more traditionally 'sung'.
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In 1972 Bernard Lown, the inventor of the external defibrillator, and Paul Axelrod stated in the journal Circulation – "The very rare patient who has frequent bouts of ventricular fibrillation is best treated in a coronary care unit and is better served by an effective anti-arrhythmic program or surgical correction of inadequate coronary blood flow or ventricular malfunction. In fact, the implanted defibrillator system represents an imperfect solution in search of a plausible and practical application." The problems to be overcome were the design of a system which would allow detection of ventricular fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia. Despite the lack of financial backing and grants, they persisted and the first device was implanted in February 1980 at Johns Hopkins Hospital by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr. The first devices required the chest to be cut open and a mesh electrode sewn onto the heart; the pulse generator was placed in the abdomen.
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Bad Intentions received mainly negative reviews from contemporary music critics. Lewis Corner of Digital Spy felt that the two lead singles "have already proven themselves radio-friendly anthems. Big strings, ear-snagging choruses and the occasional bit of witty wordplay makes them the most listenable of the set", however "the bulk of Bad Intentions fails to appeal", rating the album 2 out of 5 stars. musicOMH's Tim Lee believed that the album "doesn't lack bravado" and compared Dappy's album to The Marshall Mathers LP by Eminem, saying that "Dappy would love Bad Intentions to be considered in a similar vein [to The Marshall Mathers LP]" but "it misses out on replicating anything good from it" and "lacks wit, inventiveness and even the decency to stick to its cause". British newspaper Metro rated Bad Intentions 1 out of 5 stars, saying: "an inventory of violent sexism, hilariously inept arrhythmic rapping and r’n’b 'skits' that make Chris Moyles sound like Oscar Wilde", demeaning its "constant sexual braggadocio".
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Cardiogenic shock (CS) is a medical emergency resulting from inadequate blood flow due to the dysfunction of the ventricles of the heart.Textbooks of Internal Medicine Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine 16th Edition, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Cecil Textbook of Medicine by Lee Goldman, Dennis Ausiello, 22nd Edition (2003), W. B. Saunders Company, The Oxford Textbook of Medicine Edited by David A. Warrell, Timothy M. Cox and John D. Firth with Edward J. Benz, Fourth Edition (2003), Oxford University Press, Shock: An Overview PDF by Michael L. Cheatham, MD, Ernest F.J. Block, MD, Howard G. Smith, MD, John T. Promes, MD, Surgical Critical Care Service, Department of Surgical Education, Orlando Regional Medical Center Orlando, Florida Signs of inadequate blood flow include low urine production (<30 mL/hour), cool arms and legs, and altered level of consciousness. People may also have a severely low blood pressure and heart rate. Causes of cardiogenic shock include cardiomyopathic, arrhythmic, and mechanical.
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Jürgen Altmann of the Dortmund University of Technology, an expert on sonic weapons, has said that there is no reliable evidence for nausea and vomiting caused by infrasound.The Pentagon considers ear-blasting anti-hijack gun — New Scientist High volume levels at concerts from subwoofer arrays have been cited as causing lung collapse in individuals who are very close to the subwoofers, especially for smokers who are particularly tall and thin.Wired. Music Fans, Beware the Big Bass In September 2009, London student Tom Reid died of sudden arrhythmic death syndrome (SADS) after complaining that "loud bass notes" were "getting to his heart". The inquest recorded a verdict of natural causes, although some experts commented that the bass could have acted as a trigger.Loud bass music ‘killed student’ Tom Reid, Metro, retrieved 18 June 2010 Air is a very inefficient medium for transferring low frequency vibration from a transducer to the human body.Tempest, W. Infrasound and low frequency vibration (1977).
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Atari Teenage Riot's sound was characterised by the use of breakbeats (again sampled from funk and rap, but replayed at more than twice their original speeds), heavy guitar riffs, and the shouting of politically driven lyrics and slogans by the band members (as well as sampled dialogue). Empire provided much of the musical direction, and with the later input of Japanese-American noise musician Nic Endo, the ATR sound took on a more chaotic, arrhythmic nature marked by rough sequencing, improvised mixing and extended "noise-fests". In his words, this complex style was intended to "destroy" the "simulated harmony" of the mainstream electronic music, and that, besides their protest lyrics, "riot sound produce riots". Empire, who is straight edge, also stated that it was a reaction to both the fashion- victimized and drug-fueled nihilism of the rave scene of the 1990s, once saying that "You can't read or do anything else while listening to our music." ATR signed a record deal with Phonogram, a major UK label, in 1993.
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In modern literature, Cockney rhyming slang is used frequently in the novels and short stories of Kim Newman, for instance in the short story collections "The Man from the Diogenes Club" (2006) and "Secret Files of the Diogenes Club" (2007), where it is explained at the end of each book. It is also parodied in Going Postal by Terry Pratchett, which features a geriatric Junior Postman by the name of Tolliver Groat, a speaker of 'Dimwell Arrhythmic Rhyming Slang', the only rhyming slang on the Disc which does not actually rhyme. Thus, a wig is a 'prunes', from 'syrup of prunes', an obvious parody of the Cockney syrup from syrup of figs -- wig. There are numerous other parodies, though it has been pointed out that the result is even more impenetrable than a conventional rhyming slang and so may not be quite so illogical as it seems, given the assumed purpose of rhyming slang as a means of communicating in a manner unintelligible to all but the initiated.
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In 1986, frq was cloned by Jay Dunlap and his colleagues using a strategy that involved a long chromosome walk and successful application of the then-untried strategy of rescuing an arrhythmic behavioral mutant through transformation of exogenous DNA arising from the chromosome walk. The success of this strategy and of the cloning of a clock gene sparked interest in further research and understanding of the N. crassa circadian clock. The expression of frq was later shown to rhythmically cycle; furthermore, when strains of Neurospora were engineered in which frq expression could be driven from a region distinct from the resident wild type gene, it was found that FRQ repressed its own expression and that no level of constant expression could support a circadian clock. These experiments were the first to manipulate the expression of a clock gene through means that did not themselves affect the clock and established that autoregulatory negative feedback giving rise to cyclical clock gene expression lay at the core of the circadian oscillator.
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Clinical trials have compared dronedarone to placebo and to amiodarone, for its ability to reduce atrial fibrillation, to reduce mortality overall and from cardiac causes, and for its adverse effects, including excess mortality.Guillemare E, Marion A, Nisato D, Gautier P, “Inhibitory effects of dronedarone on muscarinic K+ current in guinea pig atrial cells,” in Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, 2000. 7 Dronedarone is a non-iodinated class III anti-arrhythmic drug which helps patients return to normal sinus rhythm. This treatment for AF is also known to reduce associated mortality and hospitalizations compared to other similar antiarrhythmic agents.Connolly SJ, Crijns HJ, Torp-Pedersen C, van Eickels M, Gaudin C, Page RL, Hohnloser SH; ATHENA Investigators, “Analysis of stroke in ATHENA: a placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-arm trial to assess the efficacy of dronedarone 400 mg BID for the prevention of cardiovascular hospitalization or death from any cause in patients with atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter,” in Circulation, 2009.8 In the EURIDIS and ADONIS trials in atrial fibrillation (2007), dronedarone was significantly more effective than placebo in maintaining sinus rhythm, with no difference in lung and thyroid function in the short term.
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