The roots of this tradition are prehistorical, so old as to either antedate or co-appear with the codification of the creation mythos.
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Some sources refer to an encoding as legacy only because it preceded Unicode. All Windows code pages are usually referred to as legacy, both because they antedate Unicode and because they are unable to represent all 221 possible Unicode code points.
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A procedure under U.S. patent law whereby an inventor can get a patent even if the invention has become public before the patent application was filed. Also "Swear behind a reference" or "Antedate" a reference. See 35 USC Section 102.
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The great majority of pre-World War II live radio broadcasts are lost. Many were never recorded; few recordings antedate the early 1930s. Beginning then several of the longer-running radio dramas have their archives complete or nearly complete. The earlier the date, the less likely it is that a recording survives.
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It is the oldest church in Tachov and may antedate the town itself. In 1802 the Windischgrätzs bought it and they made it a family tomb. It is a simple building located in park, which replaced a former churchyard. There are still many tombstones of significant burgesses, who lived in Tachov during the 15th – 18th century.
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His numerology was also a fashionable mode of thought, though the modern scholar is often impatient with it." Robert A. Kraft states that some of the materials used by the final editor "certainly antedate the year 70, and are in some sense 'timeless' traditions of Hellenistic Judaism (e.g., the food law allegories of ch. 10, the Two Ways).
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Legends which do not antedate the ninth century concerning Saint Caprasius, martyred with St. Fides by Dacianus, Prefect of the Gauls, during the persecution of Diocletian, and the story of Vincentius, a Christian martyr (written about 520), furnish no foundation for later traditions which make these two saints early bishops of Agen.Du Tems, II, p. 269-271.
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Although bats evolved in the Palearctic, their origins antedate that of the lyassaviruses by millions of years, which argues against their co-speciation. The evolution rate in the N gene in the Africa 2 lineage has been estimated to be 3.75×10−3 substitutions per site per year. This rate is similar to that of other RNA viruses.
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Early archaeological sites have been discovered in the Kenosha vicinity; the discoverer of two sites believes they antedate the Clovis culture, making them contemporaneous with the Wisconsin glaciation.Wasion, David. "The Mammoth Hunter: David Wasion's Quest for Pre- Clovis People in North America" The Citizen Scientist, 11 February 2005. Accessed 8 April 2005. Paleo-Indians settled in the area at least 13,500 years ago.
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However, these results antedate the use of multi-agent chemotherapy. With the advent of multiagent chemotherapy after surgical resection, long-term remission and increased survival rates have been achieved. Pashankar et al. (2016), reported that the estimated 5-year overall survival rate for grade 3 Stage I and II disease was 91% compared with 88% for grade 3, Stage III and IV disease.
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The current Wonnerup House was built in 1859 by the Layman family (original settlers). The original building built between 1837 and 1841 was destroyed by fire in 1858. The complex also includes the dairy and kitchen, which antedate the main house (and survived the fire of 1858 because they were separate buildings). Over the road are the Teacher's House (1885) and School (1873).
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Fort cumberland Riverside Park Site and Exhibits The headquarters historical markerat the site claims that the headquarters "antedate all similar headquarters in the United States". Below is the text of that historical marker's plaque in its entirety, courtesy of the Historical Marker Database: As colonel under General Braddock at Fort Cumberland during the French and Indian War 1755 - 1758 and as Commander-in-Chief of the American Army in 1794 Presented to the City of Cumberland by James Walter Thomas, L.L.D.; Litt.D. Dedicated April 21, 1921 in the presence of General John J. Pershing Commander of American Armies Major C.E.D. Bridges Military Attaché of British Embassy Hon. Albert C. Ritchie Governor of Maryland Dr. Thomas W. Koon Mayor of Cumberland Judge Ferdinand Williams Presiding Officer These headquarters, built by General Braddock's men for George Washington, antedate all similar headquarters in the United States.
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The Weverton area witnessed passage of several forces involved in the Battle of South Mountain as well as the Battle of Antietam during the Civil War in 1862. Numerous homes in the valley antedate the Civil War and witnessed various skirmishes during this period. Weverton had a post office until 1951, when it was removed and consolidated with the Knoxville post office in adjacent Frederick County.
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Emphases since the 1970s on Classic Maya hieroglyphic texts and discoveries of great sites in the northern Petén turned attention away from the SMA, and a long period ensued during which proponents of a Maya Lowlands origins for Maya civilization held sway. More recently, the debate was rejoined with discoveries along the southern Pacific coast of Mexico and in Guatemala that greatly antedate developments in the Lowlands.
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The Northern Cheyennes are not mentioned here, since the treaties defining Indian territories in Montana antedate the arrival of them. They (along with the Northern Arapahos and the Lakotas) advanced into Montana during the Sioux Wars in the mid-1860s and the 1870s.White, Richard: The Winning of the West: The Expansion of the Western Sioux in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries. The Journal of American History, Vol.
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If definitively proven to be remains of Homo sapiens, since there was a certainty that the Callao Man could be a Homo floresiensis, it would antedate the 47,000-year-old remains of Tabon Man to become the earliest human remains known in the Philippines, and one of the oldest human remains in the Asia Pacific.Severino, Howie G. (August 1, 2010). Researchers discover fossil of human older than Tabon Man .
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Most of Leyster's dated works antedate her marriage and are dated between 1629 and 1635. There are few known pieces by her painted after 1635: two illustrations in a book about tulips from 1643, a portrait from 1652, and a still life from 1654 that was discovered in a private collection in the 21st century. Leyster may have worked collaboratively with her husband as well. She died in 1660, aged 50.
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467 The Epigrams are thought to antedate the Pseudo-Herodotian Life of Homer which was apparently written around the epigrams to create appropriate context. Epigram III on Midas of Larissa has also been attributed to Cleobulus of Lindus, who was considered to be one of the Seven Sages of Greece. Epigram XIV was attributed to Hesiod by Julius Pollux and Epigram XI has been described as "purely Hesoidic".Evelyn-White p.
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There is another series of children's adventure books referred to as "Power Boys" books. Written by Woody Gelman under the name Arthur Benwood in the 1950s, they antedate Lyle's books. The brothers referred to are different characters (Ted and Steve Power instead of Jack and Chip Power), and Gelman's books would appear to be completely unrelated. Whether Lyle was influenced by this earlier series in his choice of his Power Boys' surname is unknown.
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Realizing that he is tricked, he says before being thrown into the river: "Never mind, my brother. We would always be enemies -- and we will never be reconciled till eternity. I would die but I pray that whenever you go riding on a boat in the river, my spirit will capsize it" (Notre Dame Journal 1980:7-8). Maguindanao epics are chanted and antedate Islam, the elements of which were later incorporated.
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As many as 26 genera antedate humans. Some included ancestors of giant beaked whales (Berardius), such as Microberardius and Cuvier's beaked whale (Ziphius) had many relatives, such as Caviziphius, Archaeoziphius, and Izikoziphius. They were probably preyed upon by predatory whales and sharks, including Carcharocles megalodon. Recently, a large fossil ziphiid sample was discovered off the South African coast, confirming the extant ziphiid diversity might just be a remnant of a higher past diversity.
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In 2003, Korean archaeologists alleged they discovered burnt grains of domesticated rice in Soro-ri, Korea, which dated to 13,000 BC. These antedate the oldest grains in China, which were dated to 10,000 BC, and potentially challenge the mainstream explanation that domesticated rice originated in China. The findings were received by academia with strong skepticism at first, but later accepted in secondary sources such as the archaeology text book Archaeology: Theories, Methods and Practice.
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Clinton is located at (38.370067, -93.771689). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and is water. The downtown square serves as a center for community commerce and public affairs (The square also serves as a parking lot.) It features a central courthouse and numerous shops, stores, and eating facilities. More than one dozen churches are found in the community, a few of which antedate 1900.
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Rock art of the Hoggar Mountains Human habitation in the North African region occurred over one million years ago. Remains of Homo erectus during the Middle Pleistocene period, has been found in North Africa. The Berbers, who generally antedate by many millennia the Phoenicians and the establishment of Carthage, are understood to have arisen out of social events shaped by the confluence of several earlier peoples, i.e., the Capsian culture, events which eventually constituted their ethnogenesis.
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"The overo lethal syndrome due to dominant homozygotes (OO) at the overo locus results in death of the foals a few days after birth." Lethal white syndrome is described as recessive because heterozygotes (written Oo or N/O) are not affected by intestinal aganglionosis. However, if the frame pattern trait is included, inheritance of the trait follows an incomplete dominant pattern. The concept of "recessive" and "dominant" antedate molecular biology and technically apply only to traits, not to genes themselves.
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The Act also intensified the propaganda war between both sides, as it took the form of a manifest, setting out the principles of the Revolt, just as Orange's Apologie in answer to Philip's ban of June, outlawing him, had done. Both documents are redolent of resistance theories that were also disseminated by the Huguenot Monarchomachs.Though Van Gelderen maintains that the Dutch versions actually antedate the monarchomach publications; Van Gelderen, pp. 269–276 As such they alienated yet another group of moderates.
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The species was first named (as Culex aegypti) in 1757 by Fredric Hasselquist in his treatise '.Hasselquist, Fredrik, Carl von Linné (1757): Iter Palæstinum, Eller, Resa til Heliga Landet, Förrättad Infrån år 1749 til 1752 Hasselquist was provided with the names and descriptions by his mentor, Carl Linnaeus. This work was later translated into German and published in 1762 as '.' Since the latter is an uncritical reproduction of the former, they are both considered to antedate the starting point for zoological nomenclature in 1758.
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Throughout history, several rulers have claimed to have carried out this kind of experiment although most accounts seem to be myths: An early record of a study of this kind can be found in Herodotus's Histories. According to Herodotus (ca. 485 - 425 BE), the Egyptian pharaoh Psamtik I (664 - 610 BE, i.e. 200 years before Herodotus) carried out such a study, and concluded the Phrygian race must antedate the Egyptians since the child had first spoken something similar to the Phrygian word bekos, meaning "bread".Herodotus, History II:2, found in "An Account of Egypt".
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Frontispiece: Yuri Khanon & Alexander Skryabin, St.Petersburg, 1902. Erik Satie, the draft of the grave bust (1913) from the book "Antedate memories" Since 1983, Khanon writes fiction and non-fiction as an essayist and novelist. His most famous work is 700 pages long memoir novel "Skryabin As a Face" (1995) based on the 20 years long Khanon's close acquaintance with the great Russian composer Alexander Skryabin. Part of the edition is a true polygraphic artwork produced with a natural leather binding, hand-made according to a 19th-century technique.
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As noted above, the syllables of shape-note systems greatly antedate the shapes. The practice of singing music to syllables designating pitch goes back to about AD 1000 with the work of Guido of Arezzo. Other early work in this area includes the cipher notation of Jean-Jacques Rousseau (18th century), and the tonic sol-fa of John Curwen (19th century). American forerunners to shape notes include the 9th edition of the Bay Psalm Book (Boston), and An Introduction to the Singing of Psalm Tunes in a Plaine & Easy Method by Reverend John Tufts.
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Park map (also see resolution adjustable pdf map) Native Americans in the Pinnacles region comprised the Chalon and Mutsun groups of the Ohlone people, who left stone artifacts in the park. These native people declined with the arrival of the Spanish in the 18th century, who brought novel diseases and changes to the natives' way of life. The establishment of a Spanish mission at Soledad hastened the area's native depopulation through disease and dispersion. Archaeological surveys have found 13 sites inhabited by Native Americans, 12 of which antedate the establishment of the missions.
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His duets for two viols (Paris, 1642) are the first printed example, and therefore probably antedate the duets of Sainte-Colombe.Journal of the Viola da Gamba Society of America: Volume 14 1977 "The tradition of such bicinia goes far back into the 16th century. In France itself duets for two viols by Nicholas Metru were published in Paris in 1642— thus very probably antedating those by Sainte-Colombe." His fantasias for viols, as those of Henry and Moulinié, derive from the air de cour and the dance rather than older styles.
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Jenner states that there is no extant concrete information about the Old Hispanic liturgy prior to the end of the 6th century, a point echoed by Fernand Cabrol (1932). Cabrol lists several liturgical points of Eastern origin (e.g. the place of the Diptychs, the Kiss of Peace, and the Epiclesis) while indicating liturgical commonalities to the entire West (including Rome and Gaul) and some customs which he believed antedate those of Rome. Archdale King, in a similar vein to Férotin's theory, postulated that the Gallican and Mozarabic liturgies are related to the Roman and may have developed from an "original" liturgy of Rome.
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The > romance writers of the twelfth century placed the age of chivalry in the > time of Charlemagne. The period when these writers existed, is the time > pointed out by Francis I. At the present day [about 1810], we imagine we can > still see chivalry flourishing in the persons of Du Guesclin and Bayard, > under Charles V and Francis I. But when we come to examine either the one > period or the other, although we find in each some heroic spirits, we are > forced to confess that it is necessary to antedate the age of chivalry, at > least three or four centuries before any period of authentic history.
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The romance dates from the late 14th to the early 15th century (see below), while the ballad texts available do not antedate ca. 1700-1750 at the earliest. The preponderance of opinion seems to be that the romance gave rise to the ballads (in their existing forms) at a relatively late date, though some disagree with this view. Walter Scott stated that the romance was "the undoubted original", the ballad versions having been corrupted "with changes by oral tradition".. This commentary comes under Scott's "Appendix to the Thomas the Rhymer", where he prints an excerpt from the romance (the version with an Incipit, i.e.
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The robust-snouted clade is defined by a robust premaxillae, a short pars dorsalis that is sutured dorsally with the nasal, a short premaxillary lateral process on the maxilla, and an internasal process on frontals that are both narrow and similar to spines. The origins of these sister, snout-based clades can both be traced back to the early Late Cretaceous, and therefore antedate the Campanian. A. arthridion is interpreted as the most primitive species of Albanerpeton, being quite small. Its small size forms the basis for the hypothesis that reduced body size is derived, and was developed at least twice within the genus.
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As with most UCC conferences, most of the Southeast Conference's current congregations antedate the 1957 union that formed the denomination. Until about the late 1990s, the Conference was either financially unable to support significant church expansion or experienced great frustration and lack of success on those projects it did enter into. Most of these have been centered in the metropolitan Atlanta area, where demographic experts have perceived the greatest patterns of growth. Even more problematic was the fact that the Conference was dependent for many years on national subsidies simply to operate on a "maintenance" mode, let alone venture into expensive church building programs.
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The Chicago Linguistic Society (or CLS) is one of the oldest student-run organizations in the United States, based at the University of Chicago. Although its exact foundation date is obscure, according to Eric Hamp it is generally believed to antedate the Second World War, and possibly extends back to Bloomfield's and Sapir's tenure at the University in the 1920s and 1930s. Since 1965, CLS has run an annual conference that has received an international status in linguistics comparable to BLS, the LSA, WCCFL and NELS. Focus on syntax, morphology, semantics, pragmatics, sociolinguistics, phonology, phonetics, and allied fields of cognitive and social sciences are presented at this conference.
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The Seven Holy Brothers The "Acts" that give the above account of the seven martyrs as sons of Felicitas existed, in some form, in the sixth century, since Pope Gregory I refers to them in his "Homiliæ super Evangelia, book I, homily iii."P.L., LXXVI, 1087 The early twentieth century Catholic Encyclopedia reported that "even distinguished modern archæologists have considered them, though not in their present form corresponding entirely to the original, yet in substance based on genuine contemporary records." But it went on to say that investigations had shown this opinion to be hardly tenable. The earliest recension of these "Acts" does not antedate the sixth century, and appears to be based not on a Roman i.e.
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The most important historical buildings in the town are those of St. Patrick's College and some which antedate the foundation of the college, while others are in the late Georgian and neo-Gothic revival style. The "new range" of buildings was erected by A. W. N. Pugin in 1850 under a commission from then college president Laurence F. Renehan, while the College Chapel was designed and completed by James Joseph McCarthy during the presidency of Dr. Robert Browne in 1894. Conolly's Folly is within Maynooth's extensive town boundaries. There are three old monastic settlements in the vicinity of Maynooth, including Laraghbryan and its cemetery, Taghadoe and its Round Tower and Grangewilliam (Donaghmore).
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The antiglomerular basement membrane (GBM) antibodies primarily attack the kidneys and lungs, although, generalized symptoms like malaise, weight loss, fatigue, fever, and chills are also common, as are joint aches and pains. 60 to 80% of those with the condition experience both lung and kidney involvement; 20-40% have kidney involvement alone, and less than 10% have lung involvement alone. Lung symptoms usually antedate kidney symptoms and usually include: coughing up blood, chest pain (in less than 50% of cases overall), cough, and shortness of breath. Kidney symptoms usually include blood in the urine, protein in the urine, unexplained swelling of limbs or face, high amounts of urea in the blood, and high blood pressure.
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The modern symbol of the way Although it is commonly believed that the pilgrimage to Santiago has continued without interruption since the Middle Ages, few modern pilgrimages antedate the 1957 publication of Irish Hispanist and traveler Walter Starkie's The Road to Santiago. The revival of the pilgrimage was supported by the Spanish government of Francisco Franco, much inclined to promote Spain's Catholic history. "It has been only recently (1990s) that the pilgrimage to Santiago regained the popularity it had in the Middle Ages." Since then, hundreds of thousands (over 300,000 in 2017) of Christian pilgrims and many others set out each year from their homes, or from popular starting points across Europe, to make their way to Santiago de Compostela.
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However, the discovery of new depictions and literary references in recent decades has led scholars to antedate the appearance of the lateen sail in the Levant to the late Hellenistic or early Roman period. Not only the triangular, but also the quadrilateral version were known, used for centuries (mostly on smaller craft) in parallel with square sails. Belisarius' invasion fleet of 533 was apparently at least partly fitted with lateen sails, making it probable that by the time the lateen had become the standard rig for the dromon, with the traditional square sail gradually falling from use in medieval navigation. The dromons that Procopius describes were single-banked ships of probably 50 oars, arranged with 25 oars on each side.
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Needham p. 12-13 "...that the floating fish-shaped iron leaf spread outside China as a technique, we know from the description of Muhammad al' Awfi just two hundred years later" The earliest Arabic reference to a compass, in the form of magnetic needle in a bowl of water, comes from a work by Baylak al-Qibjāqī, written in 1282 while in Cairo.Kitāb Kanz al-tujjār fī maʿrifat al-aḥjār Al- Qibjāqī described a needle-and-bowl compass used for navigation on a voyage he took from Syria to Alexandria in 1242. Since the author describes having witnessed the use of a compass on a ship trip some forty years earlier, some scholars are inclined to antedate its first appearance in the Arab world accordingly.
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However, the discovery of new depictions and literary references in recent decades has led scholars to antedate the appearance of the lateen sail in the Levant to the late Hellenistic or early Roman period.; ; Not only the triangular, but also the quadrilateral version were known, used for centuries (mostly on smaller craft) in parallel with square sails. Belisarius's fleet during the Vandalic War, as described by Procopius of Caesarea, was apparently at least partly fitted with lateen sails, making it probable that by that time the lateen had become the standard rig for the dromon, with the traditional square sail gradually falling from use in medieval navigation. These 6th- century dromons were single-banked ("monoreme") ships of probably 50 oars, arranged with 25 oars on each side.
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The two main ways that the moa bones were deposited in such sites were birds that entered the cave to nest or escape bad weather, and subsequently died in the cave and birds that fell into a vertical shaft and were unable to escape. Moa bones (and the bones of other extinct birds) have been found in caves throughout New Zealand, especially in the limestone/marble areas of northwest Nelson, Karamea, Waitomo, and Te Anau. Moa bones and eggshell fragments sometimes occur in active coastal sand dunes, where they may erode from paleosols and concentrate in 'blowouts' between dune ridges. Many such moa bones antedate human settlement, although some originate from Maori midden sites, which frequently occur in dunes near harbours and river mouths (for example the large moa hunter sites at Shag River, Otago, and Wairau Bar, Marlborough).
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An early example of poetry that was invented to fill a perceived gap in "national" myth is Ossian, the narrator and supposed author of a cycle of poems by James Macpherson, which Macpherson claimed to have translated from ancient sources in Scottish Gaelic. However, many national epics (including Macpherson's Ossian) antedate 19th-century romanticism. In the early 20th century, the phrase no longer necessarily applies to an epic poem, and occurs to describe a literary work that readers and critics agree is emblematical of the literature of a nation, without necessarily including details from that nation's historical background. In this context the phrase has definitely positive connotations, as for example in James Joyce's Ulysses where it is suggested Don Quixote is Spain's national epic while Ireland's remains as yet unwritten: > They remind one of Don Quixote and Sancho Panza.
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It is commonly believed that "church fabrics" do not antedate the thirteenth century. In the first ages of the Church the bishop administered church property with the aid of deacons and priests, but during the fourth century there appeared in the Orient and in certain countries of the West bursars (œconomi) who, subject to the direction of the bishop, managed the temporal affairs of churches; in other countries the bishop continued to administer the church property with the assistance of some trustworthy man of his choice. When each church came to have its own particular patrimony, the bishop was naturally obliged to turn over the administration of such property to the local clergy, reserving nevertheless a right of control. During the long Investitures conflict this right, it may be, was completely annihilated; when peace was restored the clergy were often obliged to appeal to the inhabitants of the parish to defray the expenses of religion.
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Graelent is closely resembles the plotline to Lanval by Marie de France, and the texts are considered interrelated. However, there has been considerable disagreement over the years among commentators regarding their authorship, the chronological order, and mutual relationship. Graelent was initially published by as a work by Marie de France by Jean-Baptiste-Bonaventure de Roquefort in 1820, and subsequently translated as one of her works by Eugene Mason (1911), but this attribution is considered erroneous. Although some early scholars such as Gaston Paris (1889) considered Graelent to antedate Lanval, and later William C. Stokoe, Jr. (1948) continued to argue it as the source of Lanval, many have voiced dissent, and the contrary opinion is the recent consensus, according to Glynn S. Burgess: > The definitive view of these three lays (the third being Guingamor), > chronologically and thematically, is that of R. N. Illingworth, who > concluded that they were composed in the order Lanval, Graelent, and > Guingamor, with Graelent and Guingamor (both anonymous) drawing on Lanval, > but Guingamor also drawing on Graelent.
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The decision as to whether martyrs had died for their faith in Christ, and the consequent permission of veneration, lay originally with the bishop of the place in which they had borne their testimony. The bishop inquired into the motive of the person's death and, on finding they had died a martyr, sent their name with an account of their martyrdom to other churches, especially neighboring ones, so that, in the event of approval by their respective bishops, the cultus of the martyr might extend to their churches also and that the faithful, as we read of Ignatius of Antioch in the "Acts" of his martyrdomRuinart, Acta Sincera Martyrum, 19 "might hold communion with the generous martyr of Christ" (generoso Christi martyri communicarent). Martyrs whose cause, so to speak, had been discussed, and the fame of whose martyrdom had been confirmed, were known as proved (vindicati) martyrs. That word probably did not antedate the fourth century, when it was introduced into the Church at Carthage; but the fact is certainly older.
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If possession by the five nuclear > Powers is lawful until achievement of nuclear disarmament; if possession is > the better part of deterrence; if deterrence is the better part of threat, > then it follows that the practice of States -- including their treaty > practice-- does not absolutely debar the threat or use of nuclear > weapons."Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons - Dissenting > Opinion of Judge Schwebel", United Nations Cases, 8 July 1996, p. 314. Judge Schwebel also holds that the principles of international humanitarian law such as proportionality in the degree of force applied, discrimination in the application of force between combatants and civilians and avoidance of unnecessary suffering of combatants, all of which antedate the invention of nuclear weapons, must also apply to nuclear weapons. He acknowledges, however, that it is extremely difficult to apply the principles of international humanitarian law with the practice of employing such destructive weapons;"Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons - Dissenting Opinion of Judge Schwebel", United Nations Cases, 8 July 1996, p. 321.
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